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WRA Species Report Family: Annonaceae Taxon: Annona macroprophyllata Synonym: Annona diversifolia Saff. Common Name: ilama anona blanca llama perpauce Questionaire : current 20090513 Assessor: Chuck Chimera Designation: L Status: Assessor Approved Data Entry Person: Chuck Chimera WRA Score -2 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? y=1, n=-1 103 Does the species have weedy races? y=1, n=-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet habitat, then (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appendix 2) 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High high) (See Appendix 2) 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y 204 Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates y=1, n=0 y 205 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2), n= question 205 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2) 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens y=1, n=0 n 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 n 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 410 Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island) y=1, n=0 y Print Date: 8/7/2012 Annona macroprophyllata (Annonaceae) Page 1 of 8 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 n 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n 504 Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) y=1, n=0 n 601 Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat y=1, n=0 n 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally y=1, n=-1 604 Self-compatible or apomictic y=1, n=-1 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 n 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, >3 4+ years = -1 701 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked y=1, n=-1 n areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 n 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 n 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 n 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 y 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) y=1, n=-1 n 802 Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr) y=1, n=-1 803 Well controlled by herbicides y=-1, n=1 y 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire y=1, n=-1 805 Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents) y=-1, n=1 Designation: L WRA Score -2 Print Date: 8/7/2012 Annona macroprophyllata (Annonaceae) Page 2 of 8 Supporting Data: 101 1987. Morton, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - [Is the species highly domesticated? No] "The ilama is native and grows wild in Ilama (Annona diversifolia). J.F. Morton, Miami, foothills from the southwest coast of Mexico to the Pacific coast of Guatemala FL and El Salvador. The earliest known record of the fruit was made by Francisco http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/ilama Hernandez who was sent by King Philip II of Spain in 1570 to take note of the .html useful products of Mexico. For many years, it was confused with either the soursop or the custard apple." … "One named cultivar, 'Imery', introduced into Florida from El Salvador and grown at the Agricultural Research and Education Center, Homestead, is large and pinkfleshed but not as flavorful as some of the white-fleshed acquisitions from Guatemala." 102 2012. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 103 2012. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 201 1987. Morton, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 2-High] "The ilama is native Ilama (Annona diversifolia). J.F. Morton, Miami, and grows wild in foothills from the southwest coast of Mexico to the Pacific coast FL of Guatemala and El Salvador. " http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/ilama .html 202 1987. Morton, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - [Quality of climate match data 2-High] Ilama (Annona diversifolia). J.F. Morton, Miami, FL http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/ilama .html 203 1987. Martin, F.W./Campbell, C.W./Puberté, [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)? Requires tropical climates] R.M.. Perennial Edible Fruits of the Tropics: An "Cultural requirements: Hot tropical lowlands with low to medium rainfall." … "Fair Inventory. Agriculture Handbook No. 642. U.S. potential for cultivation in tropical lowland areas." Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 203 1987. Morton, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)? Yes. Elevation range in Ilama (Annona diversifolia). J.F. Morton, Miami, tropics can exceed 1000 m in cultivation] "The ilama is strictly tropical; grows FL naturally not higher than 2,000 ft (610 m) in Mexico; is cultivated up to 5,000 ft http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/ilama (1,524 m) in El Salvador; up to 5,900 ft (1,800 m) in Guatemala. It seems to do .html best where there is a long dry season followed by plentiful rainfall. In areas where rainfall is scant, the tree is irrigated." 203 1994. Hernando Bermejo, J.E./Leon, J. (eds.). [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)? Yes. Elevation range Neglected Crops: 1492 from a Different exceeds 1000 m] "The llama grows between 0 and 1800 m on the Pacific slope Perspective. Plant Production and Protection from central Mexico to El Salvador, but it is sown more intensively between 200 Series No. 26. FAO, Rome and 600 m in southwestern Guatemala. This region has a pronounced dry season http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/1492/annona (December to March), with an annual rainfall of between 1000 and 1400 mm and s.html very fertile volcanic soils." 204 1987. Morton, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - [Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] "The Ilama (Annona diversifolia). J.F. Morton, Miami, ilama is native and grows wild in foothills from the southwest coast of Mexico to FL the Pacific coast of Guatemala and El Salvador. " http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/ilama .html 205 1987. Morton, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural Ilama (Annona diversifolia). J.F. Morton, Miami, range? Yes] "The United States Department of Agriculture introduced seeds from FL El Salvador in 1914 (P.I. No. 35567); from Guatemala in 1917 (P.I. No. 45548); http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/ilama and from Mexico in 1919, 1922 and 1923 (P.I. Nos. 46781, 55709, and 58030). .html One of the trees planted at the Plant Introduction Garden, Miami, Florida, bore its first fruits in 1923. Several thousand seedlings had been sent to Puerto Rico, St. Croix, various part of tropical America and Asia (including Ceylon), and the Philippines. Apparently few survived. Only in its homeland is the ilama commonly grown in dooryards, occasionally in orchards of 100 trees or more. Dr. Victor Patino took seeds from Mexico to Colombia for planting in the Cauca Valley in 1957. In spite of early enthusiasm for this species, it is seldom mentioned in horticultural literature. In 1942, there were no more than 50 trees in southern Florida, only 3 of bearing age. In 1965, Dr. John Popenoe, Director of Fairchild Tropical Garden, brought seeds from Guatemala and raised a number of seedlings for distribution, but the tree is still quite rare in Florida. It is too tender even for southern California." 205 2011. Wu, Z.Y./Raven,P.H./Hong, D.Y. (eds.). [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural Flora of China. Vol. 19 (Cucurbitaceae through range? China] "Cultivated; 100–200 m. Guangdong [native to Central America Valerianaceae, with Annonaceae and and S Mexico]. This species is cultivated for the fine fruit, ilama, which are eaten Berberidaceae). Science Press & Missouri raw." Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis Print Date: 8/7/2012 Annona macroprophyllata (Annonaceae) Page 3 of 8 301 2007. Randall, R.P.. Global Compendium of [Naturalized beyond native range? No evidence] Weeds - Index. http://www.hear.org/gcw/ 301 2012. Wagner, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Khan, N./Flynn, [Naturalized beyond native range? No evidence in the Hawaiian Islands to date] T.
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