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INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION GUIDE Republic of Colombia

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INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION GUIDE Republic of Colombia International Qualifications Assessment Service (IQAS) Alberta Employment and Immigration INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION GUIDE Republic of Colombia Prepared by: International Qualifications Assessment Service (IQAS) Contact Information: International Qualifications Assessment Service (IQAS) 9th Floor, 108 Street Building, 9942 - 108 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T5K 2J5 Phone: 1 (780) 427-2655 Fax: 1 (780) 422-9734 © 2007 the Crown in right of the Province of Alberta, Alberta Employment and Immigration, International Qualifications Assessment Service (IQAS) 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Acronyms ………………………………………………………………………… 3 List of Figures ……………………………………………………………………………. 4 List of Appendices ……………………………………………………………………….. 7 1. Country Overview …………………………………………………………………….. 8 Land ……………………………………………………………………………….. 8 People and Culture ………………………………………………………………... 9 History …………………………………………………………………………… 10 Administration …………………………………………………………………… 13 2. Historical Educational Overview …………………………………………………… 17 Introduction ……………………………………………………………………… 17 Colonial Period (16th – 18th century) …………………………………………….. 17 Independence Period (19th century) ……………………………………………… 18 Modern Era (20th century) ……………………………………………………….. 20 Present Times (21st century) ……………………………………………………... 23 3. School Education …………………………………………………………………….. 25 Overview ………………………………………………………………………… 25 Preschool Education ……………………………………………………………... 29 Elementary Education …………………………………………………………… 30 Lower Secondary Education …………………………………………………….. 32 Upper Secondary Education ……………………………………………………... 33 Grading Scales …………………………………………………………………… 38 4. Higher Education ……………………………………………………………………. 41 Overview ………………………………………………………………………… 41 Recognition of Institutions and Programs ……………………………………….. 44 Types of Institutions ……………………………………………………………... 47 Overview of Types of Programs and Qualifications …………………………….. 49 Postsecondary Diploma Programs (Technical) ………………………………….. 50 Educational Cycles (Ciclos Propedéuticos) ……………………………………... 53 Undergraduate Degree Programs ………………………………………………... 54 Graduate Degree Programs ……………………………………………………… 58 University-Level Education in Selected Professional Fields ……………………. 59 Grading Scales and Academic Credits …………………………………………... 70 Examinations and Exit Credentials ……………………………………………… 71 5. Technical and Vocational Education ……………………………………………….. 75 Overview ………………………………………………………………………… 75 Recognition of Institutions and Programs ……………………………………….. 76 Types of Institutions ……………………………………………………………... 77 Types of Programs and Qualifications …………………………………………... 77 Grading Scales and Academic Credits …………………………………………... 83 Exit Qualifications and Documentation …………………………………………. 84 6. Teacher Education …………………………………………………………………... 85 Overview ………………………………………………………………………… 85 Recognition of Programs and Institutions ……………………………………….. 87 Types of Institutions, Programs, and Qualifications for Teachers at Different Levels of Education ……………………………………………………………… 87 Grading Scales and Academic Credits …………………………………………... 92 Examinations, Exit Credentials, and Employment ……………………………… 92 7. Grading Scales ……………………………………………………………………….. 95 School Education ………………………………………………………………… 95 Higher Education ………………………………………………………………… 96 Technical and Vocational Education …………………………………………….. 97 8. Documentation ……………………………………………………………………….. 98 Preschool, Elementary, and Lower Secondary Education ………………………. 98 Upper Secondary Education ……………………………………………………... 98 Higher Education ……………………………………………………………….. 115 Technical and Vocational Education …………………………………………… 131 9. Sources ………………………………………………………………………………. 138 Appendices …………………………………………………………………………….. 143 Endnotes ……………………………………………………………………………….. 161 2 LIST OF ACRONYMS ASCUN Colombian Association of Universities (Asociación Colombiana de Universidades) CAO Certificate of Occupational Aptitude (Certificado de Aptitud Ocupacional) CAP Certificate of Professional Aptitude (Certificado de Aptitud Profesional) C.C. citizenship card (cédula de ciudadanía) CERES Regional Centres of Higher Education (Centros Regionales de Educación Superior) CESU National Council of Higher Education (Consejo Nacional de Educación Superior) CNA National Council of Accreditation (Consejo Nacional de Acreditación) COLCIENCIAS Colombian Institute for the Development of Science and Technology “Francisco José de Caldas” (Instituto Colombiano para el Desarrollo de la Ciencia y la Tecnología "Francisco José de Caldas") COLCULTURA Colombian Institute of Culture (Instituto Colombiano de Cultura) COLDEPORTES Colombian Institute of Sport (Instituto Colombiano de Deporte) CONACES National Cross-Sector Commission for the Quality Assurance of Higher Education (Comisión Nacional Intersectorial de Aseguramiento de la Calidad de la Educación Superior) ECAES Examinations of Quality of Higher Education (Exámenes de Calidad de la Educación Superior) H.S. weekly hours (horas semanales) ICETEX Colombian Institute of Educational Credit and Technical Studies Abroad (Instituto Colombiano de Crédito Educativo y Estudios Técnicos en el Exterior) ICFES Colombian Institute for the Promotion of Higher Education (Instituto Colombiano para el Fomento de la Educación Superior) I.H. hourly intensity (intensidad horaria) I.H.S. weekly hourly intensity (intensidad horaria semanal) INEM National Institute of Diversified Middle Education (Instituto Nacional de Educación Media Diversificada) OML Labour Market Observatory (Observatorio del Mercado Laboral) SENA National Apprenticeship Service (Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje) 3 SNIES National System of Information of Higher Education (Sistema Nacional de Información de Educación Superior) T.I. identity card (tarjeta de identidad) ULA units of academic work (unidades de labor académico) LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1. Political map of Colombia Figure 1.2. Colombia’s flag and coat of arms Figure 1.3. Departments of Colombia Figure 2.1. Growth of enrollment in education in comparison with growth of the total population of Colombia (1980-2000) Figure 2.2. Development of gross access to education in Colombia (1960-2004) Figure 2.3. Percentage of school-aged population not enrolled in the educational system (2001) Figure 3.1. Basic structure of Colombia’s formal education system with the compulsory stages marked in blue (1991 – present) Figure 3.2. Number of public and private schools offering elementary, lower secondary, and upper secondary education in Colombia (2005) Figure 3.3. Core areas for elementary, lower secondary, and upper secondary school curricula Figure 3.4. Examples of alternative and previously used names for lower secondary education in Colombia Figure 3.5. Examples of alternative and previously used names for upper secondary education in Colombia Figure 3.6. Types of bachilleratos (i.e. baccalaureate programs) offered during different time periods Figure 3.7. Grading scales for elementary, lower secondary, and upper secondary education Figure 3.8. Older grading scales for lower and upper secondary education Figure 3.9. Grading scales from three schools in Bogotá with the lowest passing grade marked in bold (September 2007) Figure 4.1. Structure of Colombia’s higher education system Figure 4.2. Number of higher education establishments in Colombia (April 2006) Figure 4.3. Accredited higher education institutions in Colombia (as of March 2008) Figure 4.4. Classification of Colombian higher education credentials in terms of both the Colombian and Albertan educational systems 4 Figure 4.5. Organization of Colombian diploma and degree programs prior to 2002 Figure 4.6. Organization of Colombian diploma and degree programs after 2002 Figure 4.7. Colombian undergraduate degrees Figure 4.8. Undergraduate-level titles and qualifications common in the past Figure 4.9. Grading scale for higher education Figure 4.10. Minimum number of ULAs required for graduation by program (1980-2003) Figure 4.11. Academic titles that can be awarded by particular types of higher education institutions Figure 5.1. Technical and vocational education in Colombia Figure 5.2. Sample names of technical CAO qualifications prior to and after July 2007 Figure 5.3. Types of CAOs in assistant health professions Figure 5.4. Types of titles and certificates awarded by SENA Figure 5.5. Types of CAOs pertaining to academic upgrading and community development Figure 5.6. Grading scale used by SENA Figure 5.7. Grading scale commonly used for lower technical and vocational programs Figure 6.1. Structure of teacher education prior to the reforms of 1994 Figure 6.2. Structure of teacher education following the reforms of 1994 Figure 6.3. Level of education required for educators in Colombia Figure 7.1. Grading scales for elementary, lower secondary, and upper secondary education Figure 7.2. Older grading scales for lower and upper secondary education Figure 7.3. Grading scale for higher education Figure 7.4. Grading scale used by SENA Figure 8.1. Academic baccalaureate diploma – Bachiller Académico (2002) Figure 8.2. Baccalaureate diploma in social service – Bachiller en Promoción Social, issued by an INEM (1983) Figure 8.3. Baccalaureate diploma in teacher education – Maestra Bachiller (1987/8) Figure 8.4. Baccalaureate diploma in teacher education –Bachiller Pedagógico (1987/8) Figure 8.5. Graduation record for a baccalaureate diploma (issued in 2003 for the title awarded in 1983) Figure 8.6. Transcript for Grade 11, showing only descriptive grades (2002) Figure 8.7. Transcript for Grade 11, showing only numerical grades (issued in 2003 for studies completed
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