Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Westbury Road
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ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK-BASED ASSESSMENT WESTBURY ROAD GREAT CHEVERELL WILTSHIRE JUNE 2013 Planning Authority: Wiltshire Council Site centred at: ST 984 542 Author: Jonathan Nowell BSc (Hons) Approved by: Paul Chadwick BA (Hons) FSA MIfA Report Status: FINAL Issue Date: JUNE 2013 CgMs Ref: 15500 © CgMs Limited No part of this report is to be copied in any way without prior written consent. Every effort is made to provide detailed and accurate information, however, CgMs Limited cannot be held responsible for errors or inaccuracies within this report. © Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL 100014723 Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Westbury Road, Great Cheverell, Wiltshire CONTENTS Executive Summary 1.0 Introduction and Scope of Study 2.0 Planning Background and Development Plan Framework 3.0 Geology and Topography 4.0 Archaeological and Historical Background Including Assessment of Significance 5.0 Site Conditions, the Proposed Development and Impact on Heritage Assets 6.0 Summary and Conclusions Sources Consulted APPENDIX 1: Gazetteer of the Wiltshire Historic Environment Record and National Monument Record Archaeological Sites, Monuments, Finds and Events LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. 1 Site location Fig. 2 Archaeological Data Within 1km radius of site Fig. 3 1575 Christopher Saxon’s Map Fig. 4 1773 Andrews & Drury Map Fig. 5 1802 Enclosure Plan Fig. 6 1802 Enclosure Allotment Plan Fig. 7 1808 Ordnance Survey Drawing Fig. 8 1828 Plan of the Parish Fig. 9 1886 Ordnance Survey 1:2,500 Fig. 10 1888-9 Ordnance Survey 1:10,560 Fig. 11 1900 Ordnance Survey 1:2,500 Fig. 12 1924 Ordnance Survey 1:2,500 © CgMs Consulting 1 JPLN/15500 Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Westbury Road, Great Cheverell, Wiltshire Fig. 13 1926 Ordnance Survey 1:10,560 Fig. 14 1939 Ordnance Survey 1:2,500 Fig. 15 1947 Aerial Photograph 1:10,560 Fig. 16 1961 Ordnance Survey 1:10,000 Fig. 17 1979 Ordnance Survey 1:2,500 Fig. 18 1982 Ordnance Survey 1:10,000 Fig. 19 1994 Ordnance Survey 1:2,500 Fig. 20 2013 Ordnance Survey 1:2,500 PLATES Plate 1 Site viewed from Westbury Road northwards. 1990s housing development on land adjacent to 106 High Street centre background. Plate 2 Footpath running along site’s north western boundary, site right foreground, viewed towards north east. Plate 3 Site viewed from north eastern end towards Westbury Road. Plate 4 View across site from north western corner to west. Footpath centre foreground, village centre beyond tree-line in centre background. © CgMs Consulting 2 JPLN/15500 Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Westbury Road, Great Cheverell, Wiltshire EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment considers the potential development of land off Westbury Road, Great Cheverell, Wiltshire. The land comprises a single pasture field with a small enclosed area of land at its north-eastern corner. The assessment reviews any archaeological evidence on and near the site in the context of relevant national and local heritage planning policies. There are no designated archaeological assets within the site or study area, and there are no ‘Archaeological Zones’ identified by the Kennet Local Plan. A single un-designated archaeological asset, comprising a pair of Medieval strip lynchets, falls partly within the site. The assessment identifies that there is a high potential for further evidence Medieval and Post-Medieval agricultural practices within the site, e.g. lynchets and finds deposited through manuring, with such finds being of local interest only. The potential for evidence of other periods is considered to be negligible to low. It is concluded that the Local Planning Authority may require further assessment of this limited archaeological interest on the site through a programme of archaeological work secured by a standard planning condition. © CgMs Consulting 3 JPLN/15500 Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Westbury Road, Great Cheverell, Wiltshire 1.0 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE OF STUDY 1.1 This archaeological desk-based assessment has been researched and prepared by Jonathan Nowell and edited by Paul Chadwick of CgMs Consulting, on behalf of Gladman Developments Limited. 1.2 This assessment considers the potential development of land some 2.7 hectares in extent off Westbury Road, Great Cheverell, Wiltshire (also referred to as the study site). The site is bounded to the south-west by Westbury Road, to the north-west by a footpath/the rear of properties fronting on to the High Street, to the north-east by a field and to the south-east by fields and No 35 Westbury Road. The site comprises a single pasture field with a small enclosed area of land at its north-eastern corner, and is centred on National Grid Reference ST 984 542 (Figure 1). 1.3 In accordance with government planning policy (NPPF), this desk-based assessment has been undertaken to establish the presence/absence of designated and undesignated assets, to consider the archaeological potential of the site and to assess potential impacts from the proposed development. 1.4 The assessment comprises an examination of the relevant evidence in the Wiltshire Historic Environment Record (WHER) and National Monument Record (NMR). 1.5 Additionally, in accordance with the ‘Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Desk- Based Assessments’ (Institute for Archaeologists 1999, revised 2011), the assessment includes the results of a site inspection, an examination of published and unpublished material and charts historic land-use through a map regression exercise. A site visit was undertaken in May 2013. 1.6 Data gathering to inform this desk-based assessment has established that no Scheduled Monuments, Registered Parks & Gardens or Registered Battlefields or other designated archaeological assets lie on or in close proximity to the site. 1.7 The study therefore provides an assessment of the archaeological assets and potential assets on the site and enables relevant parties to assess the impacts on assets, and to consider the need for design, engineering or other archaeological mitigation measures. A separate report considers built heritage issues (CgMs 2013) © CgMs Consulting 4 JPLN/15500 Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Westbury Road, Great Cheverell, Wiltshire 2.0 PLANNING BACKGROUND AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN FRAMEWORK 2.1 In March 2012, the government published the NPPF, which replaces national policy relating to heritage and archaeology (Planning Policy Statement 5: Planning for the Historic Environment). 2.2 Section 12 of the NPPF, entitled Conserving and Enhancing the Historic Environment provides guidance for planning authorities, property owners, developers and others on the conservation and investigation of heritage assets. Overall, the objectives of Section 12 of the NPPF can be summarised as seeking the: Delivery of sustainable development Understanding the wider social, cultural, economic and environmental benefits brought by the conservation of the historic environment Conservation of England's heritage assets in a manner appropriate to their significance, and Recognition of the contribution that heritage assets make to our understanding of the past. 2.2.1 Section 12 of the NPPF recognises that intelligently managed change may sometimes be necessary if heritage assets are to be maintained for the long term. Paragraph 128 states that planning decisions should be based on the significance of the heritage asset, and that level of detail supplied by an applicant should be proportionate to the importance of the asset and should be no more than sufficient to review the potential impact of the proposal upon the significance of that asset. 2.2.2 Heritage Assets are defined in Annex 2 of the NPPF as: a building, monument, site, place, area or landscape positively identified as having a degree of significance meriting consideration in planning decisions. They include designated heritage assets (as defined in the NPPF) and assets identified by the local planning authority during the process of decision-making or through the plan-making process. 2.2.3 Annex 2 also defines Archaeological Interest as a heritage asset which holds or potentially could hold, evidence of past human activity worthy of expert investigation at some point. Heritage assets with archaeological interest are the primary source of evidence about the substance and evolution of places, and of the people and cultures that made them. © CgMs Consulting 5 JPLN/15500 Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Westbury Road, Great Cheverell, Wiltshire 2.2.4 A Designated Heritage Asset comprises a: World Heritage Site, Scheduled Monument, Listed Building, Protected Wreck Site, Registered Park and Garden, Registered Battlefield or Conservation Area. 2.2.5 Significance is defined as: The value of a heritage asset to this and future generations because of its heritage interest. This interest may be archaeological, architectural, artistic or historic. Significance derives not only from a heritage asset’s physical presence, but also from its setting. 2.2.6 In short, government policy provides a framework which: Protects nationally important designated Heritage Assets (which include World Heritage Sites, Scheduled Ancient Monuments, Listed Buildings, Protected Wreck Sites, Registered Parks and Gardens, Registered Battlefields or Conservation Areas) Protects the settings of such designations In appropriate circumstances seeks adequate information (from desk based assessment and field evaluation where necessary) to enable informed decisions