Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Westbury Road

ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK-BASED ASSESSMENT

WESTBURY ROAD GREAT CHEVERELL WILTSHIRE

JUNE 2013

Planning Authority: Wiltshire Council

Site centred at: ST 984 542

Author: Jonathan Nowell BSc (Hons)

Approved by: Paul Chadwick BA (Hons) FSA MIfA

Report Status: FINAL

Issue Date: JUNE 2013

CgMs Ref: 15500

No part of this report is to be copied in any way without prior written consent.

Every effort is made to provide detailed and accurate information, however, CgMs Limited cannot be held responsible for errors or inaccuracies within this report.

CONTENTS

Executive Summary 1.0 Introduction and Scope of Study 2.0 Planning Background and Development Plan Framework 3.0 Geology and Topography 4.0 Archaeological and Historical Background Including Assessment of Significance 5.0 Site Conditions, the Proposed Development and Impact on Heritage Assets 6.0 Summary and Conclusions

Sources Consulted

APPENDIX 1: Gazetteer of the Wiltshire Historic Environment Record and National Monument Record Archaeological Sites, Monuments, Finds and Events

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. 1 Site location Fig. 2 Archaeological Data Within 1km radius of site Fig. 3 1575 Christopher Saxon’s Map Fig. 4 1773 Andrews & Drury Map Fig. 5 1802 Enclosure Plan Fig. 6 1802 Enclosure Allotment Plan Fig. 7 1808 Ordnance Survey Drawing Fig. 8 1828 Plan of the Parish Fig. 9 1886 Ordnance Survey 1:2,500 Fig. 10 1888-9 Ordnance Survey 1:10,560 Fig. 11 1900 Ordnance Survey 1:2,500 Fig. 12 1924 Ordnance Survey 1:2,500

Fig. 13 1926 Ordnance Survey 1:10,560 Fig. 14 1939 Ordnance Survey 1:2,500 Fig. 15 1947 Aerial Photograph 1:10,560 Fig. 16 1961 Ordnance Survey 1:10,000 Fig. 17 1979 Ordnance Survey 1:2,500 Fig. 18 1982 Ordnance Survey 1:10,000 Fig. 19 1994 Ordnance Survey 1:2,500 Fig. 20 2013 Ordnance Survey 1:2,500

PLATES

Plate 1 Site viewed from Westbury Road northwards. 1990s housing development on land adjacent to 106 High Street centre background. Plate 2 Footpath running along site’s north western boundary, site right foreground, viewed towards north east. Plate 3 Site viewed from north eastern end towards Westbury Road. Plate 4 View across site from north western corner to west. Footpath centre foreground, village centre beyond tree-line in centre background.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment considers the potential development of land off Westbury Road, Great Cheverell, Wiltshire. The land comprises a single pasture field with a small enclosed area of land at its north-eastern corner.

The assessment reviews any archaeological evidence on and near the site in the context of relevant national and local heritage planning policies.

There are no designated archaeological assets within the site or study area, and there are no ‘Archaeological Zones’ identified by the Kennet Local Plan. A single un-designated archaeological asset, comprising a pair of Medieval strip lynchets, falls partly within the site.

The assessment identifies that there is a high potential for further evidence Medieval and Post-Medieval agricultural practices within the site, e.g. lynchets and finds deposited through manuring, with such finds being of local interest only. The potential for evidence of other periods is considered to be negligible to low.

It is concluded that the Local Planning Authority may require further assessment of this limited archaeological interest on the site through a programme of archaeological work secured by a standard planning condition.

1.0 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE OF STUDY

1.1 This archaeological desk-based assessment has been researched and prepared by Jonathan Nowell and edited by Paul Chadwick of CgMs Consulting, on behalf of Gladman Developments Limited.

1.2 This assessment considers the potential development of land some 2.7 hectares in extent off Westbury Road, Great Cheverell, Wiltshire (also referred to as the study site). The site is bounded to the south-west by Westbury Road, to the north-west by a footpath/the rear of properties fronting on to the High Street, to the north-east by a field and to the south-east by fields and No 35 Westbury Road. The site comprises a single pasture field with a small enclosed area of land at its north-eastern corner, and is centred on National Grid Reference ST 984 542 (Figure 1).

1.3 In accordance with government planning policy (NPPF), this desk-based assessment has been undertaken to establish the presence/absence of designated and undesignated assets, to consider the archaeological potential of the site and to assess potential impacts from the proposed development.

1.4 The assessment comprises an examination of the relevant evidence in the Wiltshire Historic Environment Record (WHER) and National Monument Record (NMR).

1.5 Additionally, in accordance with the ‘Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Desk- Based Assessments’ (Institute for Archaeologists 1999, revised 2011), the assessment includes the results of a site inspection, an examination of published and unpublished material and charts historic land-use through a map regression exercise. A site visit was undertaken in May 2013.

1.6 Data gathering to inform this desk-based assessment has established that no Scheduled Monuments, Registered Parks & Gardens or Registered Battlefields or other designated archaeological assets lie on or in close proximity to the site.

1.7 The study therefore provides an assessment of the archaeological assets and potential assets on the site and enables relevant parties to assess the impacts on assets, and to consider the need for design, engineering or other archaeological mitigation measures. A separate report considers built heritage issues (CgMs 2013)

2.0 PLANNING BACKGROUND AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN FRAMEWORK

2.1 In March 2012, the government published the NPPF, which replaces national policy relating to heritage and archaeology (Planning Policy Statement 5: Planning for the Historic Environment).

2.2 Section 12 of the NPPF, entitled Conserving and Enhancing the Historic Environment provides guidance for planning authorities, property owners, developers and others on the conservation and investigation of heritage assets. Overall, the objectives of Section 12 of the NPPF can be summarised as seeking the:

 Delivery of sustainable development  Understanding the wider social, cultural, economic and environmental benefits brought by the conservation of the historic environment  Conservation of England's heritage assets in a manner appropriate to their significance, and  Recognition of the contribution that heritage assets make to our understanding of the past.

2.2.1 Section 12 of the NPPF recognises that intelligently managed change may sometimes be necessary if heritage assets are to be maintained for the long term. Paragraph 128 states that planning decisions should be based on the significance of the heritage asset, and that level of detail supplied by an applicant should be proportionate to the importance of the asset and should be no more than sufficient to review the potential impact of the proposal upon the significance of that asset.

2.2.2 Heritage Assets are defined in Annex 2 of the NPPF as: a building, monument, site, place, area or landscape positively identified as having a degree of significance meriting consideration in planning decisions. They include designated heritage assets (as defined in the NPPF) and assets identified by the local planning authority during the process of decision-making or through the plan-making process.

2.2.3 Annex 2 also defines Archaeological Interest as a heritage asset which holds or potentially could hold, evidence of past human activity worthy of expert investigation at some point. Heritage assets with archaeological interest are the primary source of evidence about the substance and evolution of places, and of the people and cultures that made them.

2.2.4 A Designated Heritage Asset comprises a: World Heritage Site, Scheduled Monument, Listed Building, Protected Wreck Site, Registered Park and Garden, Registered Battlefield or Conservation Area.

2.2.5 Significance is defined as: The value of a heritage asset to this and future generations because of its heritage interest. This interest may be archaeological, architectural, artistic or historic. Significance derives not only from a heritage asset’s physical presence, but also from its setting.

2.2.6 In short, government policy provides a framework which:

 Protects nationally important designated Heritage Assets (which include World Heritage Sites, Scheduled Ancient Monuments, Listed Buildings, Protected Wreck Sites, Registered Parks and Gardens, Registered Battlefields or Conservation Areas)  Protects the settings of such designations  In appropriate circumstances seeks adequate information (from desk based assessment and field evaluation where necessary) to enable informed decisions  Provides for the excavation and investigation of sites not significant enough to merit in-situ preservation.

2.3 In considering any planning application for development, the planning authority will be mindful of the framework set by government policy, in this instance the NPPF, by current Development Plan Policy and by other material considerations.

2.4 Local Planning policy within Wiltshire is provided by the inherited local plans of the former District Councils. Specifically, relevant local policy is provided by the Kennet Local Plan which was adopted on the 30th April 2004. On the 26th September 2007 the Secretary of State issued a saving direction for certain policies within the plan of which the following policy is relevant:

POLICY HH1

PROTECTION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS

PLANNING PERMISSION WILL NOT BE GRANTED FOR DEVELOPMENT WHICH WOULD HAVE AN ADVERSE IMPACT ON THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL DEPOSITS OR REMAINS ON OR UNDER A SITE OF NATIONAL IMPORTANCE (WHETHER SCHEDULED OR NOT) OR ITS CHARACTER OR SETTING. SITES OF SIGNIFICANT REGIONAL OR LOCAL IMPORTANCE,

ESPECIALLY THOSE WHICH MAKE A POSITIVE CONTRIBUTION TO THE HISTORIC LANDSCAPE, WILL ALSO BE PROTECTED FROM INAPPROPRIATE DEVELOPMENT.

2.5 The policies contained within the Kennet Local Plan currently form part of the development plan for Wiltshire and will remain in place until replaced by policies in new Development Plan Documents (DPDs), particularly the Wiltshire Core Strategy, which is timetabled for adoption late 2013. The emerging Wiltshire Core Strategy Pre- Submission Document February 2012, contains the following draft policies which may be relevant.

CORE POLICY 58 ENSURING THE CONSERVATION OF THE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT DEVELOPMENT SHOULD PROTECT, CONSERVE AND WHERE POSSIBLE ENHANCE THE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT, AND SHOULD NOT HAVE AN UNACCEPTABLE IMPACT ON THE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT, PARTICULARLY WHERE THIS COULD BE AVOIDED OR MITIGATED. DESIGNATED HISTORIC ASSETS AND THEIR SETTINGS WILL BE CONSERVED, AND WHERE APPROPRIATE ENHANCED, INCLUDING: I. ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS AND THEIR SETTING II. THE WORLD HERITAGE SITE III. BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OF SPECIAL ARCHITECTURAL OR HISTORIC INTEREST AND THEIR SETTINGS IV. THE SPECIAL CHARACTER OR APPEARANCE OF CONSERVATION AREAS AND THEIR SETTINGS V. HISTORIC PARKS AND GARDENS AND THEIR SETTING VI. IMPORTANT LANDSCAPES AND TOWNSCAPES.

DEVELOPMENT WILL BE REQUIRED TO CONSERVE AND SEEK OPPORTUNITIES TO ENHANCE STRUCTURES AND AREAS OF HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE THROUGHOUT WILTSHIRE, INCLUDING THE CHARACTER, SETTING AND CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE OF DESIGNATED AND OTHER LOCALLY OR REGIONALLY SIGNIFICANT NON-DESIGNATED HERITAGE ASSETS, INCLUDING: VII. THE SENSITIVE RE-USE OF REDUNDANT AND UNDER-USED HISTORIC BUILDINGS AND AREAS WHICH ARE CONSISTENT WITH THEIR CONSERVATION ESPECIALLY IN RELATION TO THE VIABLE RE-USE OF HERITAGE ASSETS AT RISK VIII. OPPORTUNITIES TO ENHANCE WILTSHIRE’S HISTORIC PUBLIC REALM BY ENSURING THAT ALL DEVELOPMENT, INCLUDING TRANSPORT AND INFRASTRUCTURE WORK, IS SENSITIVE TO THE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT

DISTINCTIVE ELEMENTS OF WILTSHIRE’S HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT, WHICH CREATES A SENSE OF LOCAL CHARACTER AND IDENTITY AND VARIATION ACROSS THE COUNTY, WILL BE CONSERVED, ENHANCED AND THEIR POTENTIAL TO CONTRIBUTE TOWARDS WIDER SOCIAL, CULTURAL, ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS WILL BE EXPLOITED, INCLUDING: IX. THE INDIVIDUAL AND DISTINCTIVE CHARACTER AND APPEARANCE OF WILTSHIRE’S HISTORIC MARKET TOWNS AND VILLAGES X. NATIONALLY SIGNIFICANT PREHISTORIC ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONUMENTS AND LANDSCAPES XI. THE STONEHENGE AND AVEBURY WORLD HERITAGE SITE XII. HISTORIC BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES RELATED TO THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY XIII. HISTORIC RURAL STRUCTURES INCLUDING THRESHING BARNS, GRANARIES, MALT HOUSES, DOVECOTS AND STABLES XIV. ECCLESIASTICAL SITES INCLUDING CHURCHES, CHAPELS AND MONUMENTS XV. THE HISTORIC GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES XVI. THE HISTORIC WATERWAYS AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES INCLUDING CANALS AND RIVER COURSES XVII. HERITAGE ASSETS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MILITARY.

2.6 There are no Scheduled Ancient Monuments, Registered Battlefields, Registered Historic Parks and Gardens or historic landscapes on or particularly close to the site.

2.7 This assessment therefore seeks to establish whether historical and archaeological evidence from the site or its vicinity indicates that the site is of archaeological interest as defined by the NPPF.

3.0 GEOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY

3.1 Geology

3.1.1 The British Geological Survey (BGS Website) identifies the study site as being founded on a sedimentary bedrock of the Shaftesbury Sandstone Member at the southern end and the Cann Sand Member to the north. No superficial deposits are recorded within the site. To the immediate north of the site, the bedrock mudstone of the Gault Formation is locally overlain by Head deposits of clay, silt, sand and gravel.

3.1.2 There is no geotechnical data currently available for the site.

3.2 Topography

3.2.1 Great Cheverell is located on a low lying hill, on a Greensand ridge immediately to the north of Salisbury Plain and to the south of the lower lying claylands of the Avon Valley.

3.2.2 The northern boundary of Salisbury Plain lies some 1.5km to the south of Great Cheverell. Locally this boundary is formed by an east to west ridgeline comprising Strawberry Hill, Fore Hill, Great Cheverell Hill and Stoke Hill which all lie at a height of between 170m and 200m above Ordnance Datum (aOD). From here the land drops steeply away to the north, before rising slightly to form the hill on which Great Cheverell is located, with the centre of the village around the church at a height of some 100m aOD. The study site itself is located on a north-east facing slope of the hill at height of some 85m aOD.

3.2.3 The hydrology of the area is dominated by the River Avon which lies some 9km to the north of the site. There are numerous brooks and streams across the valley bottom, many of which originate from a spring line at the northern edge of Salisbury Plain. An unnamed stream runs to the east of Great Cheverell some 100m to the east of the site.

4.0 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND ASSESSMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE

4.1 Timescales used in this report.

Prehistoric Palaeolithic 450,000 - 12,000 BC Mesolithic 12,000 - 4,000 BC Neolithic 4,000 - 1,800 BC Bronze Age 1,800 - 600 BC Iron Age 600 – AD 43

Historic Roman AD 43 - 410 Early Medieval AD 410 - 1066 Medieval AD 1066 - 1485 Post Medieval AD 1485 – 1749 Modern AD 1750- Present

4.2 Introduction

4.2.1 This assessment is based on a consideration of archaeological assets from within an approximate 1.0 km radius of the site (the study area) recorded on the Wiltshire Historic Environment Record (WHER) and the National Monument Record (NMR). The distribution of data is shown on Figure 2 (designated and undesignated archaeological sites, finds and events) and are referenced in the text (MWI1234, EWI1234 and NMR 1234 etc.). WHER entries which are Listed Buildings are referenced in so far as they provide archaeological/historical context, but are not otherwise discussed. A full gazetteer of this WHER and NMR data is contained at Appendix 1.

4.2.2 Records and evidence from beyond the study area are referenced as appropriate to gain a fuller picture and understanding of past activity.

4.2.3 There are no World Heritage Sites, Scheduled Ancient Monuments (SAMs), Registered Parks and Gardens or Registered Battlefields within the site or study area.

4.2.4 The two nearest SAMs are: i) ‘Strip lynchet system east of Three Corner Firs’ (SAM 1017862) some 1.7km to the south of the site comprising well preserved Medieval lynchets on the northern edge of Salisbury Plain chalk downland, and ii) some 2.7km to the north east of the site ‘Two bowl barrows north of Rowbury Lane’ (SAM 1012191), comprising two large Bronze Age bowl barrows (the barrow mounds being 42m and 50m in diameter) on an area of flat land.

4.2.5 There are no Archaeological Zones as marked on the Kennet Local Plan Proposals Map within the site or study area.

4.2.6 There are some 32 collated records within the WHER and NMR relating to sites and finds within and immediately adjacent to the study area. A single un-designated archaeological heritage asset – a pair of Medieval Lynchets (MWI4278 at ST 9856 5441) fall partly within the site.

4.2.7 Chapter 5 subsequently considers the site conditions and whether the theoretical potential identified in this chapter is likely to survive.

4.3 Palaeolithic and Mesolithic

4.3.1 There is no archaeological evidence for these periods recorded on the WHER/NMR within the site or study area.

4.3.2 In view of the geological background and lack of evidence, the potential for artefactual or other evidence on the site is considered negligible.

4.4 Neolithic

4.4.1 There is no archaeological evidence for the Neolithic period recorded on the WHER/NMR within the site.

4.4.2 Approximately 200m to the west of the site, to the south of the Church, a Neolithic flint tool/ knife was found in the rear garden of Gable Cottage in the 1950s (MWI4229 at ST9817 5422).

The potential for finds and features of Neolithic date on the site must therefore be considered as negligible.

4.5 Bronze Age

4.5.1 There is no archaeological evidence recorded on the WHER/NMR for the Bronze Age period within the site. Some 100m to the north of the site a flint flake – probably a borer (MWI4240 at ST 9850 5444) was found during an evaluation in 1995 (EWI4878) on land adjacent to 106 the High Street.

4.5.2 The potential for finds and features of Bronze Age date on the study site must therefore be considered as low, although an isolated lithic artefact cannot be discounted.

4.6 Iron Age

4.6.1 There is no archaeological evidence for the Iron Age recorded on the WHER/NMR within the site or study area.

4.6.2 The potential for finds and features of Iron Age date on the study site is therefore considered as low.

4.7 Roman

4.7.1 There is no Roman evidence recorded on the WHER/NMR within or close to the site.

4.7.2 500m to the west of the site, to the south-west of the Manor House, an assemblage of pottery (including Savernake Ware), coins of 3rd to 4th century date and a number of brooches were found in 1982 (MWI4250 at ST 97860 54180). A further assemblage of three Roman coins and a small group of pottery sherds (MWI4256 at ST 9910 5420) were found some 500m east of the site, north of Little Cheverell.

4.7.3 The potential for finds and features of Roman date on the study site is considered as low.

4.8 Early Medieval

4.8.1 There is no Early Medieval/Saxon evidence recorded on the WHER/NMR within the site.

4.8.2 There are two references to ‘Cheverell’ in Domesday, although it is not entirely certain as to which of the two Cheverells they refer. However, it is suggested that Great

Cheverell was originally held by King Edward as part of the Manor of Amesbury, who latter gave Great Cheverell to the Abbess of Wilton. There is no detail within Domesday as to what Great Cheverell comprised, if indeed anything other than farmland. Little Cheverell, held by Lethelin, is however described in more detail and included a mill. There is no definitive evidence therefore for a settlement at Great Cheverell in the Early Medieval period, however occupation in the general area, possibly at Little Cheverell is attested by a small number of stray finds.

4.8.3 Immediately to the east of the study site, a Saxon gilded copper alloy strap-end with interlace decoration (MWI4259 at ST 9860 5430) was found. Some 0.4km to the north of the site, on the far side of the railway line, a Saxon Brooch was found (MWI4260 at ST 9830 5470). No further details regarding the discovery of either find is available.

4.8.4 In view of this, the potential for evidence of Saxon occupation other than for stray artefacts is considered low.

4.9 Medieval

4.9.1 In the Medieval period, the settlement pattern within the study area was probably very similar to that seen on the late 18th early 19th century mapping (Figs. 4 - 8) comprising the two settlements of Great Cheverell (MWI4264 at ST 9821 5451) and Little Cheverell (MWI4265 at ST 9899 5353). Greater Cheverell contained two manors, those of Cheverell Hales and Cheverell Burnell.

4.9.2 The historic core of Great Cheverell is focused around the Church of St Peter (NMR 211735 at ST 98065 54307) and the Manor House (NMR 211828 at ST 98033 54300). The church, a Grade I Listed Building, though much restored in 1868 contains elements largely dating from the 13th – 15th centuries, whilst the Manor House is a Grade II* Listed Building dating to the 16th – 17th century.

4.9.3 There are two areas of extant earthworks to the north-east of the historic core of Great Cheverell which may well represent evidence of settlement shrinkage in the Medieval period. One area lies to the north of the High Street (MWI4264 at ST 9821 5451), with the second to the north-east of the Green (MWI4264, NMR 1031903 & NMR 1031905 at ST 98400 54700). Neither of these areas of earthworks has been tested by field investigation, however these earthworks would suggest that any Medieval extension to the village would be located to the north of the High Street away from the site.

4.9.4 Immediately north of, and partially within the study site, evidence for two strip lynchets/cultivation terraces (MWI4278 at ST 9856 5441) has been identified. An evaluation by Wessex Archaeology in 1995 (EWI4878, EWI4880 and EWI4883 at ST 9852 5442) on land adjacent to No 106 High Street, identified six features including a ditch and two stone alignments. All but one feature contained stratified finds of 12th- 13th century date with further unstratified pottery of 10th to early 14th century date. It was concluded that these features and the lynchets represented evidence of Medieval land cultivation practices. A subsequent watching brief during construction of a single house in 2011 (EWI6789 at ST 9849 5444) adjacent to No 106 High Street did not identify any further features.

4.9.5 To the north-east of the study site, on the eastern side of the stream, a fragment of field system was identified from high level aerial photography (MWI4336 at ST 9889 5448). Although this field system remains undated, it would appear to predate the Enclosure mapping of 1802 (Figs. 5 & 6), and most likely dates to the Medieval or early Post-Medieval period. The presence of field systems to the north-east of the site and the presence of the two strip lynchets (MWI4278 at ST 9856 5441) partially within the site, suggest that this area comprised agricultural land surrounding the village.

4.9.6 Some 1km to the south of the site is the Medieval settlement of Little Cheverell (MWI4265 at ST 9899 5353) focused around St Peter’s Church (NMR 211774 at ST 99050 53550) which dates to the 14th century. Immediately south of the Church is an area of extant earthworks with pronounced house platforms (NMR 1031931 at ST 99100 53500). To the east of the village, the NMR records the postulated site of the Medieval Manor House and village shrinkage (NMR 211822 at ST99500 53500).

4.9.7 In view of the above, the potential for evidence for Medieval agricultural features, e.g. lynchets, and finds deposited by manuring or stray losses within the study site is considered as high.

4.10 Post-Medieval and Modern

4.10.1 There is no archaeological evidence recorded on the WHER/NMR for the Post-Medieval and Modern periods within the site.

4.10.2 On the High Street to the north of the site, is a house built in the early to mid 18th century (NMR 525419 at ST 98500 54500). It was extended in 1800 and re-roofed in the 19th century. Outbuildings include an 18th century Chapel which was converted to a wash house in the mid 19th century.

4.10.3 Approximately 450m to the north of the site is the location of Little Cheverell Mill (NMR 1569219 at ST 98473 54791). The water-powered corn mill is first recorded on the Andrews and Drury’s map of 1773. It was extant in the 19th century, rebuilt in 1924 and closed in 1939.

4.10.4 In 1900 the Stert Valley Railway Line (NMR 1359727 at ST 97114 55047) was opened as part of the improvement to the route linking Paddington to Exeter, with West Lavington Station (now closed) built just to the north-east of the study area (NMR 502653 at ST99477 54778). The line runs from east to west just to the north of Great Cheverell.

4.10.5 The context and development of the study site from the late 16th century is recorded on a sequence of maps and plans.

4.10.6 Christopher Saxton’s map of 1576 (Fig. 3) shows the settlements of Cheverell Magna (Great Cheverell) and Cheverell Parva (Little Cheverell) with ‘Salesburye Playne’ to the south.

4.10.7 The Andrews and Drury’s Map of 1773 (Fig. 4) shows Great Cheverell in some detail with the principal focus of settlement around the Church of St Peter at the south western end of the village. The site lies in open fields outside and to the east of the settlement.

4.10.8 The Enclosure Plan (Fig. 5) and Enclosure Allotment Plan (Fig. 6) of 1802, show the site comprising a single field (Allotment No 56) belonging to William Chandler. The field’s boundaries are as today, with the north-western site boundary being formed by the rear of the burgage plots of properties fronting on to the High Street. The alignment of this boundary is continued on the south-western side of the Westbury Road by a road (the present day Green Lane) which also defines the rear of the burgage plots of properties fronting on to the southern part of the High Street.

4.10.9 The Hedgerow Regulations (1997) determines that a hedgerow may be classified as ‘Important’ if it satisfies any one of a number of criteria set out in Schedule I, Part II of the Regulations. Paragraphs 1 – 5 identify the criteria for determining whether a hedgerow may be considered ‘historic’ and specifically paragraph 5 states that a hedgerow will be classified as 'historic' if it pre-dates the Inclosure Act. There are no available maps/plans predating the Enclosure Plans (Figs 5 & 6) of sufficient detail to record field boundaries within the vicinity of the site. However the study site’s boundaries are consistent with those shown on the Enclosure Plans which would suggest that the present hedgerows surrounding the Site may be classified as ‘historic’ and therefore ‘important’.

4.10.10 The Ordnance Survey Drawing of 1808 (Fig. 7) shows the general configuration of the village and road layout, though no detail of the site.

4.10.11 A plan of the Parish dating to 1828 (Fig. 8) shows similar detail to the Enclosure Plans, with the site comprising a single field. There is no Tithe Map for Great Cheverell.

4.10.12 The 1886, 1888-9 and 1900 Ordnance Surveys (Figs. 9 & 10 & 11) show the site as a field with a small rectalinear enclosure in the western corner, adjacent to Westbury Road. A footpath is shown running along the northern boundary of the site which links with a footpath originating by the Smithy on the High Street to the north-west. The footpath then follows the northern and eastern site boundary, which continues to the south-east of the site to join with Low Road. A further footpath is shown running from Westbury Road along some third of the southern site boundary, before turning south- east to Shovel Wood. On the 1900 map, the land to the south of the site is identified as allotments. From the 1886 Ordnance Survey (Fig. 9) onwards, the rear of the burgage plots near the north-western edge of the site are cut by a small curving road/track, effectively extending Green Lane to the north-east of Westbury Road. A small number of structures are recorded to the north-west of the track.

4.10.13 The 1924 and 1926 Ordnance Surveys (Figs. 12 & 13) show no change within the site, however there has been some sub-division of the land to the north and two or three small buildings are shown adjacent to the site’s northern boundary.

4.10.14 The 1939 Ordnance Survey (Fig. 14) shows two changes within the site. Within the enclosure in the western corner of the site three shed-like structures have been built. From the junction of the two footpaths from the Smithy and along the site’s northern

boundary, the footpath has been diverted so that it crosses the eastern end of the site. Figure 15 shows the immediate Post-War landscape around the site.

4.10.15 Immediately south of the study site ‘The Parsonage’ has been built and Westbury Road is identified as School Lane. There has been subdivision of the allotments to the south of the site along with the construction of some small buildings.

4.10.16 The 1961 Ordnance Survey map (Fig 16) shows no material change within the site The Westbury Road frontage has been built up on the opposite side of the road from the site’s south-western boundary.

4.10.17 The 1979, 1982, 1994 and 2013 Ordnance Survey maps (Figs 17, 18, 19 & 20) show no material change within the study site, except that the footpaths are no longer mapped.

4.10.18 In view of the above evidence, the potential for anything other than stray artefacts introduced onto the site through manuring or loss must be considered low.

4.11 Undated

4.11.1 There are a number of features recorded within the WHER that remain undated, for the most part these have been identified through aerial photography.

4.11.2 During an evaluation in 1997 (EWI3525 at ST 9804 5424) in advance of a proposed extension to the graveyard of St Peters Church, an otherwise un-dated V-shaped ditch containing flint and animal bone was identified (MWI4331 at ST 9804 5424).

4.11.3 To the north of the site on the edge of the study area, aerial photography identified what were thought to be earthworks associated with Medieval house platforms (MWI4151 at ST 9826 5528). However, a watching brief during sewer replacement works in 1996 (EWI3511 at ST 9821 5511) found no corroborative archaeology with no evidence of house platforms, with the only finds being of Post-Medieval date. The ‘earthworks’ appeared to be formed by changes in geology and streams resulting from flooding.

4.11.4 To the south of the site are a number of linear crop marks (MWI4313 at ST 9840 5370) which may be strip lynchets or cultivation terraces. These are most likely to be of Medieval/Post-Medieval origin.

4.11.5 To the south-west of the site, on the edge of the study area the RCHME recorded the presence of a number of Strip Lynchets (MWI4335 at 9725 5405), however site inspection and further enquiries proved these to be modern dumping.

4.11.6 On the southern edge of Great Cheverell an evaluation in 2002 recorded no significant archaeology (EWI438 at ST 9794 5400).

4.12 Assessment of Significance

4.12.1 In March 2012 the government published the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) which uses the concept of ‘significance’ of heritage assets. Significance as defined in the NPPF, centres on the value of an archaeological or historic asset for its ‘heritage interest’ to this or future generations.

4.12.2 There are no designated archaeological assets within or particularly near the site.

4.12.3 A single non-designated archaeological asset is recorded partially within the study site – a pair of Medieval Strip Lynchets (MWI4278). There is considered to be a high potential for further evidence of Medieval and later agricultural activity within the site, including both features and finds from manuring. Any such evidence would be of local interest.

5.0 SITE CONDITIONS, THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT AND IMPACT ON HERITAGE ASSETS

5.1 Site Conditions

5.1.1 A site visit was conducted on 31st May 2013, weather conditions were sunny and dry. The site comprised a pasture field with, at its western corner adjacent to Westbury Road, a small enclosed area containing three light-weight derelict modern timber and corrugated iron clad garages.

5.1.2 The site generally slopes down from the Westbury Road (Plate 1) towards its north eastern boundary, from which the land drops further to the stream some 50m beyond the site. Along the site’s north-western boundary is a tarmaced footpath (Plate 2) which for the most part is bounded to the north-east by a substantial hedge with mature trees (Plates 3 & 4). Only the modern development of Weavers Mead at the north-eastern end of the site and properties adjacent to Westbury Road are clearly visible through the hedgeline.

5.1.3 Impacts on any underlying archaeology will have arisen from any Post-Medieval cultivation. These impacts will be widespread and resulted in superficial truncation of archaeological deposits and features.

5.2 The Proposed Development

5.2.1 No Illustrative Masterplan is currently available.

5.3 Impact on Heritage Assets

5.3.1 It is considered that there will be no direct or indirect impact on any designated archaeological assets (e.g. Scheduled Monuments) or their settings.

5.3.2 Development processes such as site preparation, landscaping, foundation trenching and infrastructure have the potential to impact on the non-designated archaeological assets (Medieval lynchets) of local significance.

6.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

6.1 The site, approximately 2.7 hectares in extent, is located on the south-eastern edge of Great Cheverell, Wiltshire. It is bounded to the south-west by Westbury Road, to the north-west by a track/the rear of properties fronting on to the High Street, to the north-east by a field and to the south-east by fields and No 35 Westbury Road. The site comprises a single pasture field with a small enclosed area of land at its north- eastern corner.

6.2 The desk-based assessment has established that there are no designated archaeological assets within or close to the site, therefore significant harm would not result to any nationally important archaeological assets.

6.3 However a single non-designated archaeological asset – a pair of Medieval strip lynchets - falls partly within the site. The potential for discovery of as yet to be discovered archaeological deposits is largely limited to further evidence of Medieval agricultural practices e.g lynchets, otherwise the potential for evidence for other periods must be considered negligible to low.

6.4 It is concluded that the Planning Authority is likely to require investigation of the lynchets on part of the site prior to any development taking place, and this could be secured via a standard planning condition.

SOURCES CONSULTED

British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/

British Geological Website http://www.bgs.ac.uk/home.html Department for Communities and Local Government, (2012) ‘National Planning Policy Framework’ DCLG English Heritage, National Monument Record

Kennet District Council, October 2003, ‘Great Cheverell Conservation Area Statement.’ Kennet District Council, September 2007, ‘Little Cheverell Conservation Area Character Appraisal and Management Proposals.’ Wiltshire and Swindon History Centre National Heritage List for England Wessex Archaeology, 1995, ‘Land Adjacent to 106 High Street, Great Cheverell, Wiltshire - Archaeological Desk Top Study and Field Evaluation Report.’ Unpublished Client Report Document ref: 39234

Wessex Archaeology, September 2011, ‘Land Adjacent to 106 High Street, Great Cheverell, Wiltshire - Archaeological Watching Brief Report.’ Unpublished Client Report Document ref: 77390.02

Wiltshire Council, Historic Environment Record

Cartographic 1575 Christopher Saxon’s Map 1773 Andrews & Drury Map 1802 Enclosure Plan 1802 Enclosure Allotment Plan 1808 Ordnance Survey Drawing 1828 Plan of the Parish 1886 Ordnance Survey 1888-9 Ordnance Survey 1900 Ordnance Survey 1924 Ordnance Survey 1926 Ordnance Survey 1939 Ordnance Survey

1947 Aerial Photograph 1961 Ordnance Survey 1979 Ordnance Survey 1982 Ordnance Survey 1994 Ordnance Survey 2013 Ordnance Survey

NORWICH Enfield BIRMINGHAM Barnet

Harrow Haringey Waltham Forest Redbridge BRISTOL Havering Hillingdon Camden Islington Brent Hackney Barking & Newham Dagenham Tower OXFORD Ealing 3 4 Hamlets 1 2 Southwark Greenwich YEOVIL Hounslow Lambeth Bexley Reading Richmond Wandsworth upon Lewisham EXETER Thames Merton Kingston WEYMOUTH upon PORTSMOUTH Thames Bromley Croydon Sutton

1 Hammersmith & Fulham 2 Kensington & Chelsea 3 City of Westminster Inner London boroughs 4 City of London Outer London boroughs

London Westbury Road, Cheltenham Great Cheverell, Wiltshire Kettering Site Location Newark Not to Scale: Illustrative Only Proposal Site Boundary Birmingham www.cgms.co.uk Date printed: Drawn by: JN Planning & Development 21/05/2013 Archaeology & Historic Buildings Checked by: JN © Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office Licence No: AL 100014723 AL No: Licence Office Stationery HM of controller the of sanction the with reproduced maps Survey Ordnance © Figure 1: Site Location G:\Project Graphics\Active Jobs\15000-15999\15500 - Westbury Road, Great Cheverell\Figures\Mapping\GIS\Projects Additional information: 398200 399000 399400 397800 397400

MWI4151 398600

EWI3511 Key

Site Boundary

155000 Search Radius 1km

HER Record (Point) 502653 Find Spot Monument 1569219

1359727 MWI4264 HER Event Record (Point)

898927 HER Monument Record (Linear) MWI4260 154600 EWI4878 HER Event Record (Linear) MWI4264 525419 EWI6789 MWI4278 HER Monument Record (Polygon) MWI4336 MWI4240 HER Event Record (Polygon) EWI4880 MWI4264 EWI4883 NMR Monument Record (Point) MWI4278 211828 211735 NMR Event Point EWI3525 MWI4259 MWI4331 MWI4229 154200 MWI4256 MWI4250 NMR Monument Record (Linear)

NMR Monument Record (Polygon)

MWI4335 1470095 EWI438 211738

153800

Project title:

Westbury Road, Great Cheverell

MWI4313 London 211774 Cheltenham Kettering Newark Birmingham MWI4265 1031931 www.cgms.co.uk MWI4265 MWI4265 Planning & Development 211822 Archaeology & Historic Buildings 153400 Scale at A3: 1:8,000 0 300 m Date printed: Drawn by: LW 28.05.13 Checked by: JN

NMR and HER Archaeology Data within 1km of the Site Centre 899106 M\documents\Archaeology\Archaeology Jobs\15000-15999\15500 Westbury Road Great Cheverell\DBA\Graphics\Historic Mapping

N Westbury Road, London Great Cheverell, Wiltshire Cheltenham Kettering Not to scale Newark Site Location Illustrative only Birmingham Date printed: Drawn by:JPLN www.cgms.co.uk 31/05/2013 Checked by: JN Planning & Development Archaeology & Historic Buildings © Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office Licence No: AL 100014723 AL No: Licence Office Stationery HM of controller the of sanction the with reproduced maps Survey Ordnance © Figure 3: 1576 Christopher Saxon’s Map M\documents\Archaeology\Archaeology Jobs\15000-15999\15500 Westbury Road Great Cheverell\DBA\Graphics\Historic Mapping

N Westbury Road, London Great Cheverell, Wiltshire Cheltenham Kettering Not to scale Newark Site Location Illustrative only Birmingham Date printed: Drawn by:JPLN www.cgms.co.uk 31/05/2013 Checked by: JN Planning & Development Archaeology & Historic Buildings © Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office Licence No: AL 100014723 AL No: Licence Office Stationery HM of controller the of sanction the with reproduced maps Survey Ordnance © Figure 4: 1773 Andrews & Drury’s Map M\documents\Archaeology\Archaeology Jobs\15000-15999\15500 Westbury Road Great Cheverell\DBA\Graphics\Historic Mapping

N Westbury Road, London Great Cheverell, Wiltshire Cheltenham Kettering Not to scale Site Outline Newark Illustrative only Birmingham Reproduced with Kind Permission of the Wiltshire and Swindon History Centre Date printed: Drawn by:JPLN www.cgms.co.uk 31/05/2013 Checked by: JN Planning & Development Archaeology & Historic Buildings © Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office Licence No: AL 100014723 AL No: Licence Office Stationery HM of controller the of sanction the with reproduced maps Survey Ordnance © Figure 5: 1802 Enclosure Plan M\documents\Archaeology\Archaeology Jobs\15000-15999\15500 Westbury Road Great Cheverell\DBA\Graphics\Historic Mapping

N Westbury Road, London Great Cheverell, Wiltshire Cheltenham Kettering Not to scale Site Outline Newark Illustrative only Birmingham Reproduced with Kind Permission of the Wiltshire and Swindon History Centre Date printed: Drawn by:JPLN www.cgms.co.uk 31/05/2013 Checked by: JN Planning & Development Archaeology & Historic Buildings © Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office Licence No: AL 100014723 AL No: Licence Office Stationery HM of controller the of sanction the with reproduced maps Survey Ordnance © Figure 6: 1802 Enclosure Allotment Plan M\documents\Archaeology\Archaeology Jobs\15000-15999\15500 Westbury Road Great Cheverell\DBA\Graphics\Historic Mapping

N Westbury Road, London Great Cheverell, Wiltshire Cheltenham Kettering Not to scale Newark Site Location Illustrative only Birmingham Date printed: Drawn by:JPLN www.cgms.co.uk Checked by: JN Planning & Development 31/05/2013 Archaeology & Historic Buildings © Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office Licence No: AL 100014723 AL No: Licence Office Stationery HM of controller the of sanction the with reproduced maps Survey Ordnance © Figure 7: 1808 Ordnance Survey Drawing M\documents\Archaeology\Archaeology Jobs\15000-15999\15500 Westbury Road Great Cheverell\DBA\Graphics\Historic Mapping

N Westbury Road, London Great Cheverell, Wiltshire Cheltenham Kettering Not to scale Site Outline Newark Illustrative only Birmingham Reproduced with Kind Permission of the Wiltshire and Swindon History Centre Date printed: Drawn by:JPLN www.cgms.co.uk 31/05/2013 Checked by: JN Planning & Development Archaeology & Historic Buildings © Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office Licence No: AL 100014723 AL No: Licence Office Stationery HM of controller the of sanction the with reproduced maps Survey Ordnance © Figure 8: 1828 Plan of the Parish M\documents\Archaeology\Archaeology Jobs\15000-15999\15500 Westbury Road Great Cheverell\DBA\Graphics\Historic Mapping

N Westbury Road, London Great Cheverell, Wiltshire Cheltenham Kettering Not to scale Site Outline Newark Illustrative only Birmingham Date printed: Drawn by:JPLN www.cgms.co.uk 31/05/2013 Checked by: JN Planning & Development Archaeology & Historic Buildings © Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office Licence No: AL 100014723 AL No: Licence Office Stationery HM of controller the of sanction the with reproduced maps Survey Ordnance © Figure 9: 1886 Ordnance Survey 1:2,500 M\documents\Archaeology\Archaeology Jobs\15000-15999\15500 Westbury Road Great Cheverell\DBA\Graphics\Historic Mapping

N Westbury Road, London Great Cheverell, Wiltshire Cheltenham Kettering Not to scale Site Outline Newark Illustrative only Birmingham Date printed: Drawn by:JPLN www.cgms.co.uk 31/05/2013 Checked by: JN Planning & Development Archaeology & Historic Buildings © Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office Licence No: AL 100014723 AL No: Licence Office Stationery HM of controller the of sanction the with reproduced maps Survey Ordnance © Figure 10: 1888-9 Ordnance Survey 1:10,560 M\documents\Archaeology\Archaeology Jobs\15000-15999\15500 Westbury Road Great Cheverell\DBA\Graphics\Historic Mapping

N Westbury Road, London Great Cheverell, Wiltshire Cheltenham Kettering Not to scale Site Outline Newark Illustrative only Birmingham Date printed: Drawn by:JPLN www.cgms.co.uk 31/05/2013 Checked by: JN Planning & Development Archaeology & Historic Buildings © Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office Licence No: AL 100014723 AL No: Licence Office Stationery HM of controller the of sanction the with reproduced maps Survey Ordnance © Figure 11: 1900 Ordnance Survey 1:2,500 M\documents\Archaeology\Archaeology Jobs\15000-15999\15500 Westbury Road Great Cheverell\DBA\Graphics\Historic Mapping

N Westbury Road, London Great Cheverell, Wiltshire Cheltenham Kettering Not to scale Site Outline Newark Illustrative only Birmingham Date printed: Drawn by:JPLN www.cgms.co.uk 31/05/2013 Checked by: JN Planning & Development Archaeology & Historic Buildings © Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office Licence No: AL 100014723 AL No: Licence Office Stationery HM of controller the of sanction the with reproduced maps Survey Ordnance © Figure 12: 1924 Ordnance Survey 1:2,500 M\documents\Archaeology\Archaeology Jobs\15000-15999\15500 Westbury Road Great Cheverell\DBA\Graphics\Historic Mapping

Figure 13: 1926 Ordnance Survey 1:10,560 M\documents\Archaeology\Archaeology Jobs\15000-15999\15500 Westbury Road Great Cheverell\DBA\Graphics\Historic Mapping

N Westbury Road, London Great Cheverell, Wiltshire Cheltenham Kettering Not to scale Site Outline Newark Illustrative only Birmingham Date printed: Drawn by:JPLN www.cgms.co.uk 31/05/2013 Checked by: JN Planning & Development Archaeology & Historic Buildings © Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office Licence No: AL 100014723 AL No: Licence Office Stationery HM of controller the of sanction the with reproduced maps Survey Ordnance © Figure 14: 1939 Ordnance Survey 1:2,500 M\documents\Archaeology\Archaeology Jobs\15000-15999\15500 Westbury Road Great Cheverell\DBA\Graphics\Historic Mapping

N Westbury Road, London Great Cheverell, Wiltshire Cheltenham Kettering Not to scale Site Outline Newark Illustrative only Birmingham Date printed: Drawn by:JPLN www.cgms.co.uk 31/05/2013 Checked by: JN Planning & Development Archaeology & Historic Buildings © Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office Licence No: AL 100014723 AL No: Licence Office Stationery HM of controller the of sanction the with reproduced maps Survey Ordnance © Figure 15: 1947 Aerial Photograph 1:10,560 M\documents\Archaeology\Archaeology Jobs\15000-15999\15500 Westbury Road Great Cheverell\DBA\Graphics\Historic Mapping

N Westbury Road, London Great Cheverell, Wiltshire Cheltenham Kettering Not to scale Site Outline Newark Illustrative only Birmingham Date printed: Drawn by:JPLN www.cgms.co.uk 31/05/2013 Checked by: JN Planning & Development Archaeology & Historic Buildings © Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office Licence No: AL 100014723 AL No: Licence Office Stationery HM of controller the of sanction the with reproduced maps Survey Ordnance © Figure 16: 1961 Ordnance Survey 1:10,000 M\documents\Archaeology\Archaeology Jobs\15000-15999\15500 Westbury Road Great Cheverell\DBA\Graphics\Historic Mapping

N Westbury Road, London Great Cheverell, Wiltshire Cheltenham Kettering Not to scale Site Outline Newark Illustrative only Birmingham Date printed: Drawn by:JPLN www.cgms.co.uk 31/05/2013 Checked by: JN Planning & Development Archaeology & Historic Buildings © Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office Licence No: AL 100014723 AL No: Licence Office Stationery HM of controller the of sanction the with reproduced maps Survey Ordnance © Figure 17: 1979 Ordnance Survey 1:2,500 M\documents\Archaeology\Archaeology Jobs\15000-15999\15500 Westbury Road Great Cheverell\DBA\Graphics\Historic Mapping

N Westbury Road, London Great Cheverell, Wiltshire Cheltenham Kettering Not to scale Site Outline Newark Illustrative only Birmingham Date printed: Drawn by:JPLN www.cgms.co.uk 31/05/2013 Checked by: JN Planning & Development Archaeology & Historic Buildings © Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office Licence No: AL 100014723 AL No: Licence Office Stationery HM of controller the of sanction the with reproduced maps Survey Ordnance © Figure 18: 1982 Ordnance Survey 1:10,000 M\documents\Archaeology\Archaeology Jobs\15000-15999\15500 Westbury Road Great Cheverell\DBA\Graphics\Historic Mapping

N Westbury Road, London Great Cheverell, Wiltshire Cheltenham Kettering Not to scale Site Outline Newark Illustrative only Birmingham Date printed: Drawn by:JPLN www.cgms.co.uk Planning & Development 31/05/2013 Checked by: JN Archaeology & Historic Buildings © Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office Licence No: AL 100014723 AL No: Licence Office Stationery HM of controller the of sanction the with reproduced maps Survey Ordnance © Figure 19:1994 Ordnance Survey 1:2,500 M\documents\Archaeology\Archaeology Jobs\15000-15999\15500 Westbury Road Great Cheverell\DBA\Graphics\Historic Mapping

Plate 1- Site viewed from WestburyRoad northwards. 1990s housing Plate 2 - Footpath running along Site’s north western boundary, Site right development on land adjacent to 106 High Street centre background. foreground, viewed towards north east.

Plate 3 - Site viewed from north eastern end towards Westbury Road. Plate 4 - View across Site from north western corner to west. Footpath centre foreground, village centre beyond tree-line in centre background.

Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Westbury Road, Great Cheverell, Wiltshire

Appendix 1: Gazetteer of the Wiltshire Historic Environment Record and National Monument Record Archaeological Sites, Monuments, Finds and Events

Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Westbury Road, Great Cheverell, Wiltshire

UID Site Name/ Summary Description Easting Northing Location ST ST NEOLITHIC MWI4229 E of Great Cheverell Neolithic flint tool 98170 54220 BRONZE AGE MWI4240 106 High Street Thick Flake probably used as a borer found during Eval in 1995 9850 5444 ROMAN 12 3rd-4th century coins, a quantity of pottery including bead rims and Savernake MWI4250 SE of Manor House ware, a type H fibula and parts of 2 others. 97860 54180 MWI4256 N of Little Cheverell Antoninianus of Postumus and two other coins; small group of pottery sherds. 9910 5420 Early Medieval MWI4259 SE of the Church Gilded copper alloy strap-end with interlace decoration. 9860 5430 MWI4260 N of Great Cheverell Saxon brooch 9830 5470 MEDIEVAL 211735 CHURCH OF ST PETER 11th, 13th and 14th-15th centuries, and restored 1868 by W.H. Woodman of Reading. 98065 54307 211774 ST PETERS CHURCH 14th century church, rebuilt in 1850 99050 53550 211822 Site of Medieval manor house and possible village shrinkage 99500 53500 211828 MANOR HOUSE 16-17th century house with 18th century alterations, with gazebo 98033 54300 1031903 Medieval settlement earthworks. 98500 54700 1031905 Medieval settlement earthworks situated to the north of Cheverell Magna. 98400 54700 1031931 Earthworks of a possible Medieval settlement 99100 53500 A) 'Chevrel' AD1086. B) Church generally 13th-14th century. C) Numerous extant earthworks survive to the NE of present village. D) Extant section of hollow way visible South of church. E) A quarry was revealed in 1997, south of the church. And One sherd MWI4264 Great Cheverell of pottery. 9821 5451 A)' Chevrel' AD1086. B) Church has 14th century tower. C) Earthworks extant MWI4265 Little Cheverell immediately to the South and West of the church. Pronounced platforming. 9899 5353 A) Two surviving strip lynchets, former cultivation terraces. B) An evaluation in 1995 revealed linear features associated with apparent alignments of stones thought to be Medieval agricultural activity. Pottery sherds ranging from the late 12th and 13th centuries were found in Trenches 2 and 3. Unstratified pottery sherds have a maximum MWI4278 Great Cheverell date range between the late 10th and early 14th centuries. 9856 5441

Continued/

Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Westbury Road, Great Cheverell, Wiltshire

UID Site Name/ Summary Description Easting Northing Location ST ST

POST-MEDIEVAL/MODERN WEST LAVINGTON 502653 STATION Site of railway station on the Stert Valley line, opened in 1900 and closed in 1967. 99477 54778 House built early to mid 18th century, extended by one bay circa 1800; roof rebuilt 19th century. Built of brick with tiled roof. Outbuildings at both ends include a chapel 525419 built 18th century, altered early to mid 19th century and converted to a wash house 98500 54500 STERT VALLEY The Stert Valley line was opened in 1900 as part of an improved GWR route linking 1359727 RAILWAY Paddington with Exeter. 97114 55047 LITTLE CHEVERELL 1569219 MILL Water-mill shown on Andrews and Dury's Map of Wiltshire 1773. 98473 54791 UNDATED A) Series of linear features and possible house platforms visible on aerial photographs. SW of Greenland Possibly associated with Medieval settlement. B) No evidence was found during a MWI4151 Farm watching brief in 1996. 9826 5528 Two linear cropmark features of unknown origin. May have been strip lynchets, former MWI4313 SE of Great Cheverell cultivation terraces. 9840 5370 An almost V-profiled ditch running NE to SW, containing a few fragments of worked flint MWI4331 S of the Church and a quantity of animal bone was revealed during an evaluation in 1997. 9804 5424 A) Strip lynchets recorded by the RCHME in 1995. The vegetation of brambles, nettles MWI4335 N of the Prison and bracken also suggested that this area was dumped material. 9725 5405 A fragment of field system, recorded by the RCHME in 1995 and a Wiltshire County MWI4336 N of Little Cheverell Council high level aerial photograph. 9889 5448 END

Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Westbury Road, Great Cheverell, Wiltshire

Events UID Site Name/ Event Summary Description Easting Northing Location ST ST Evaluation on Land off Witchcombe 2002 - One irregular feature of probable natural EWI438 Lane, Great Cheverell EVT origin was revealed cutting the Greensand. 9794 5400 1996 The watching brief did not provide any Watching Brief on the Great Cheverell evidence of the ditches, banks and house EWI3511 Sewer Replacement EVT platforms shown on the aerial photograph. 9821 5511 1997 -A single linear feature was located in the base of the trench. This was a ditch containing a few fragments of worked flint and a quantity of animal bone. A slight earthwork on the extreme Evaluation of the Proposed Extension southeast corner of the site is one of several in to the Graveyard at St Peters Church, the vicinity likely to be derived from piecemeal EWI3525 Great Cheverell EVP quarrying. 9804 5424 During the evaluation, six features were recorded, including a ditch and two stone alignments. All but one produced 12th-13th century pottery, and unstratified sherds of late 10th to early 14th century date were recovered. Three undated flint flakes and a flint tool were also found. It was concluded that evidence of agricultural activity of the 12th and 13th centuries Desk Top Study and Evaluation on had been successfully located, and that the Land Adjacent to 106 High Street, lynchets were probably associated with the EWI4878 Great Cheverell EVP medieval activity. [AIP 9852 5442 Wiltshire Archaeological Magazine EWI4880 Volume 90, p155 EVP Wiltshire Archaeological Magazine EWI4883 Volume 90, p155 EVP Land adjacent to 106 High Street, No archaeological features or artefactual material EWI6789 Great Cheverell EVT was recovered during this watching brief. 9849 5444 END