New and Innovative Technologies from the Halden Reactor Project
Øivind Berg ([email protected]) Senior Adviser Steven Mullet, Christer Nihlwing
Sector Safety Man-Technology-Organisation (MTO) OECD Halden Reactor Project Institute for Energy Technology (IFE) Halden – located in south east corner of Norway
07.07.2010 2 Halden – Norway's Gateway to Europe
07.07.2010 3 IFE/HRP located in Halden Board IFE facts: Terje Overvik GdF - 5 research sectors (chairman) - 2 research reactors COE - ca. 630 employees Kjell H. Bendiksen Vice COE - Turnover ca. 90 mill USD Eva S. Dugstad
HALDENPROJECT Fridtjov Øwre
Nuclear technology Nuclear Safety Safety Energy- and Petroleum- and Physics and Reliability Man-Technology- Environment technology Eva S. Dugstad Margaret McGrath Organization Bjørg Andresen Dag Thomassen Fridtjov Øvre
07.07.2010 5 IFE is the host of the international OECD Halden Reactor Project OECD Halden Reactor Project
• International co-operative effort • Hosted by Institute for Energy Technology • Under auspices of OECD NEA / Paris • Aim to improve safety of NPP’s • Jointly funded by its Members: • 18 countries • More than 100 organisations • Participant types
E 0 • Utilities, vendors, licensing S authorities, R&D centres
• 3 year program periods, current one RUSSIA from 1.1.2009 to 31.12.2011 (17th agreement period)
07.07.2010 7 HRP Members– Signatories and Associated Parties Signatory members: Associated Parties: • Norway – IFE - Institutt for energiteknikk • USA • Belgium - SCK/CEN - Belgian Nuclear • GE - Global Nuclear Fuel Research Centre • Westinghouse Electric Power Company • Denmark - Risø DTU • EPRI - Electric Power Research Inst. • Finland - MITI - Finnish Ministry of Trade and Industry, operated by VTT • DOE – joined in June 2010 • France - EDF - Electricité de France • Japan • Germany – GRS - Gesellschaft für • JAEA, CRIEPI, Mitsubishi NP and Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit mbH 11 utilities • Japan - JNES - Japan Nuclear Energy • France Safety Organization • IRSN - French Institut de Radioprotection • Korea - KAERI - Korean Atomic Energy et de Sûreté Nucléaire Research Institute • Czech Rep. - NRI - Czech Nuclear Research • Spain - CIEMAT - Spanish Centro de Institute Investigaciones Energéticas, • Slovakia - Slovakian VUJE - Nuclear Power Medioambientales y Tecnológicas Plant Research Institute • Sweden - SSM - Swedish Radiation • Hungary - Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Safety Authority KFKI Atomic Energy Res. Inst. • Switzerland - HSK - Swiss Federal • Russia -“TVEL”JSC. Nuclear Safety Inspectorate • Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, • UK - NNL – National Nuclear Laboratory • Research Institute VNIIAES • USA - US NRC - United States Nuclear • Kazakhstan – Ulba Manufac. Company Regulatory Commission • EU JRC Transuranium, Karlsruhe
07.07.2010 8 Recent and upcomming meetings
• Enlarged HPG meetings (EHPG) – Conferences to distribute and discuss results • Last one at Storefjell 14.-19. March 2010 • ca. 280 participants, 180 external participants • Next will be in October 2011! • Summer schools • HSI design methods and solutions. Halden 27-31 August 2007 • 24.-28. Aug. 2009 Fuel modelling and data management • 23.-27. Aug. 2010 Human Reliability Assessment (HRA)
07.07.2010 9 The MTO research activities at the Halden Reactor Project Man – Technology - Organization (MTO)
• Experience from accidents and near misses tells us • that the cause often is a combination of human performance problems or bad judgements, technical failures, or deficiencies in the organizartion • Mission: • strive to improve safety in complex organizations • Improve the interaction between control room operators, technical systems and the organization – MTO • Meet the needs of operators at the sharp end to facilitate their work to avoid getting into accidents
07.07.2010 11 MTO research areas within HRP
• Human Performance • Human reliability • Human factors • Organizational factors • Design and Evaluation of Human system Interfaces and Control Rooms • Innovative Human System Interfaces • Control Room Design and V&V issues • Visualization technologies • Design, planning and training • 2D, and 3D Virtual and Augmented Reality technologies • Wearable and handheld computing • Surveillance and Control systems in Operation and Maintenance • Early fault detection • Condition monitoring • Software systems Dependability • Engineering of Dependable Software Systems. • Risk assessment of Dependable Software Systems
07.07.2010 12 MTO staff Competence areas – Work areas
Human resources: ca. 80 man-years – HRP: 45 man-years
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS AND PHYSICS AND COMPUTER PSYCHOLOGY OPERATION ENGINEERING SCIENCE 17 persons 15 persons 24 persons 24 persons
HUMAN PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY
CONTROL ROOM ENGINEERING
INNOVATIVE HUMAN SYSTEM INTERFACES
VISUALIZATION – VR, AR AND WEARABLE TECHNOLOGIES
OPERATION SUPPORT AND CONDITION MONITORING
CHANGE AND TRANSITION– SAFETY CULTURE – RISK ANALYSIS
07.07.2010 13 IFE MTO Laboratories
• A new MTO-lab building was opened in March 2004 • HRP has access to 3 laboratories in Halden • Hammlab, VR-lab and CIO-lab • Human performance – HSI - demonstration of new technology
07.07.2010 14 MTO-lab as of 2010 User test with Large Screen Design - HAMMLAB
07.07.2010 16 VR-center: Visualization Technologies
Decommissioning planning by VR Collaborative virtual Handheld and Control room design and V&V by VR environments Wearable technologies
Training by VR
07.07.2010 17 Two work areas @ IFE, Halden
Research ”Commercial”
Funded by all member organisations Funded by one/several organizations
Halden Project Bi- and Multi-lateral projects
Results open too all members Results to customer
07.07.2010 18 The HRP MTO bilateral programs Examples of HRP MTO results applied in Bilateral programs
LKAB Mining HRP MTO Control room design Joint Program Human factors StatoilHydro Alarmsystems Petroleum Control room Large screens CoP design
Transport Human factors BP Alarmsystems Railways ATM Large screens Control room Eurocontrol Shell Virtual Sensing design Work processes Human factors Inspections
Alarmsystems Nuclear Large screens
Japan France East-Europe Sweden Finland USA Korea
JAEA – VRdose EdF – CREATE CZ, SL, H and R OKG – PEANO Loviisa – NRC – Staffing, AP1400 – SCORPIO TEMPO, Alarms, HRA Utility- TEPCO – VILDE OKG – CR V&V EDF - Aladdin Large Screens ProcSee EPRI – cable TEPSYS – , Copma diagnostics Scorpio 07.07.2010 20 Yonden - VNEM Areas of Applications Knowledge Management CR and HSI design Simulator technology Computerised Procedures Work Processes
Advanced Alarm Systems Function Allocation
Performance Monitoring Core Monitoring and Simulation Condition Monitoring Prognostics Virtual Sensing
07.07.2010 21 Condition Monitoring
PEANO • On-line signal validation and calibration monitoring aladdin • Early Fault Detection and Diagnosis TEMPO • Data Reconciliation and Thermal Performance Monitoring LIRA • Electrical Cable Condition Monitoring Vision-Based Condition Monitoring • Visual & Infrared Condition Monitoring
Mímir • Modular Platform for Advanced Condition Monitoring
07.07.2010 22 Performance Monitoring
TEMPO
Thermal Performance Monitoring and Optimisation
TEMPO William H. Beere Emil Wingstedt Arne Hornæs
07.07.2010 23 Physical modelling with data reconciliation
P-1
P-2 T-23 P-8 P-5
P-7 T-32 T-6 T-31
T-22
T-16 T-21 T-29 T-10 a T-18 T-27 T-25
T-24
T-9 F-14 F-15 P-26 T-30 T-28 T-36 T-17 P-33 T-34 R Q
T-20 P-19 T-35
T-12 F-13 P-11 a Q F-4 T-3 F-37
+ Measurements: σ + Calculations: x , x xˆ,σ xˆ
Residual: v = xˆ − x+ ,σ v Uncertainty
07.07.2010 24 TEMPO: Thermal Performance Monitoring and Optimisation
P-1
P-2 T-23 P-8 P-5
P-7 T-32 T-6 T-31
T-22
T-16 T-21 a T-29 ? T-10 T-18 T-27 T-25
T-24
T-9 F-14 F-15 P-26 T-30 T-28 T-36 T-17 P-33 T-34 R Q I. Data-reconciliation II.Optimisation III. Simulation mode T-20 P-19 T-35 mode mode T-12 F-13 P-11 a Q F-4 T-3 F-37
y Pump failure stretch-out→ 1 datum (x ,y ) 0.9 i i 0.8
model: straight line 0.7
0.6
Q 0.5 2 Q ⎡ y − yi ⎤ 0.4 min ∑ ⎢ ⎥ 0.3 i ⎣ σ ⎦ 0.2 0.1
subject to : 0 x 29.01.01 18.02.01 10.03.01 30.03.01 19.04.01 09.05.01 29.05.01 date ax i + b − y = 0 date
07.07.2010 25 TEMPO: Modelling Interface
07.07.2010 26 Loviisa model VVER-440 reactor with two parallel turbine cycles with connections, modelled together. 205 components; 193 measurements; 92 variable parameters
07.07.2010 27 Fault Detection
1. Object function trend (global performance index Q) 2. Residual plots 3. Residual trends 4. Several tools to further identify and classify the fault
Q v/sigv Residual plot 2005-09-13 Residual plot for condenser temperature 1 6 1 measurements 0.9 0.9 5.5 6 0.8 0.8 0.7 4 5 0.7 0.6 2 0.6 SD51T002 0.5 4.5 0.5 0 SD52T002 0.4 -2 RM50T001
adjustability 0.4 4 RM50T002 0.3 -4 Residual (v/sig v) (v/sig Residual
Performance index Q Performance index 0.3
0.2 (v/sigv) RM20F001 residual -6 3.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 -8 0 3 29 -01 02 04 -06 08 10 -12 0 -11- -12- -12- -12- -12- 2007-12-18 2007-12-19 2007-12-20 2007-12-20 2007-12-21 0246810 2005 2005-122005 2005 2005-122005 2005 2005-12 0800 0800 0800 1043 0800 v/sigv Data point Data samples
07.07.2010 28 The PEANO System
• Based on empirical, data-driven models (Auto-Associative Neural Networks)
• Performs • Signal Validation and Reconstruction • On-line, real-time analysis • Calibration Monitoring • Off-line, batch analysis • Fault Detection • Virtual Sensing
07.07.2010 29 On-line Calibration Monitoring in Nuclear Power Plants
• Monitor the calibration status of sensors on-line, during operation
• At shut-down only calibrate the sensors that actually need calibrating
Plant Operation Maintenance
Maintenance • Save Planning
• Maintenance costs Calibration • Calibration induced faults Monitoring • Radiation exposure • Critical path
07.07.2010 30 Fault Detection Capabilities
• Drift A fault that will result in reduced plant performance. PEANO indicates the sensor problem and provides a measurement estimate.
• Span Drift Difficult situation to detect during normal on site calibration maintenance. PEANO can operate over the whole sensor range and is able to provide a measurement estimate.
• Signal Noise A fault that has an impact on the performance of the process control system. The PEANO model effectively removes signal noise, while the actual process information is retained.
07.07.2010 31 VC Summer Application
• Detection of a drift PEANO Result A drift was detected on the pressure sensor of the turbine first stage
( VC Summer 2002 )
07.07.2010 32 Oskarshamn Unit 3 - Results
replacement • Feed Water Line Temperature recalibration Range: 0 – 250°C 0.4°C drift was detected. (i.e. 0.16% of the range)
drift detection new drift detection
• Feed Water Flow Range: 0 – 1100 kg/s 3 kg/s drift was detected.
07.07.2010 33 The multi-group ensemble approach
20-60 Single Validated validation signals model signals
Hundreds Single Validated validation of signals model signals
Multi-group ensemble approach
Group 1 Model 1
Hundreds Group Group 2 Model 2 Model Validated of signals generation aggregation signals
1 Group K Model K 3 2
07.07.2010 34 Applications
1) 84 signals from Oskarshamn BWR
2) 215 signals from Loviisa PWR
3) 920 signals Forsmark-3 BWR simulator (HAMBO)
4) 802 signals from Oskarshamn BWR
07.07.2010 35 PEANO Test Applications/Deliveries
NUCLEAR OTHER • CEA (France) • Foxboro SCADA (Italy) • PAKS (Hungary) • CESI (Italy) • HRP (Norway) • ENEA (Italy) • Norsk Hydro (Norway) • Tecnatom (Spain) • ENEA (Italy) • EPRI, VC Summer (USA) • ConocoPhillips (Norway) • KEPRI (Korea) • Sizewell B (UK) • Oskarshamn (Sweden) • Temelin (Czech Rep.) • VUJE (Slovak Rep.) • Loviisa (Finland)
07.07.2010 36 Virtual Sensing
EEVS
Empirical Ensemble-Based Virtual Sensing
IntelliSense Davide Roverso
07.07.2010 37 Virtual Sensing
• a.k.a. Soft Sensing, Proxy Sensing, Inferential Sensing
• Use of regression models to estimate quantities not directly or not continuously measured with physical instruments
• Provide feasible & economical alternatives to physical devices
• Provide on-line continuous measurements to complement off-line or sporadic testing
07.07.2010 38 The PEMS Virtual Sensor
• PEMS – Parametric Emission Monitoring Systems
• Use current process parameters and on-line measurements to calculate (estimate) expected NOx emissions
07.07.2010 39 PEMS Results – 10 inputs
07.07.2010 40 Virtual Sensing Example - Steam Flow in BWR
•Run-upscenario at Forsmark 3 (HAMBO simulator) • Steam flow is not measured (steam ejector, seal steam, ...) • The turbine operator has to balance the feedwater flow with the unknown steam flow ... • by indirectly observing the reactor tank level • and manually controlling the feedwater flow
• A Virtual Steam Flow Meter would greatly simplify the control task
steam flow = 10.4 kg/s feedwater flow = 8.1 kg/s
07.07.2010 41 Condition Monitoring
Mímir
Modular Platform for Advanced Condition Monitoring
Mario Hoffmann Harald P-J Thunem Davide Roverso Terje Bodal
07.07.2010 42 Objectives of Mímir
• Implementation of a modularised common platform and toolbox
• …to support the design, testing, and distribution of advanced condition monitoring applications
• Each module is an independent technology container
07.07.2010 43 Advantages
• The common platform makes it easy to ...
• Combine modules in new configurations
• Quickly test new alternative technologies (module swap)
• Develop customised applications that combine a number of modules
07.07.2010 44 Condition-Based/Predictive Maintenance
Data Validation, Early Fault Lifetime and Reconstruction, and Detection … Performance Calibration Monitoring and Diagnostics Prediction Intelligence
PatternPattern RegressionRegression HypothesisHypothesis UncertaintyUncertainty RiskRisk ClassificationPattern EstimationRegression TestingHypothesis EstimationUncertainty OptimisationRisk ClassificationClassification EstimationEstimation TestingTesting EstimationEstimation OptimisationOptimisation Knowledge
InputInput DataData StatisticalStatistical ModellingModelling PerformancePerformance ExternalExternal ToolsTools SelectionInput ClusteringData AnalysisStatistical Modelling AnalysisPerformance (e.g.External SAS) Tools SelectionSelection ClusteringClustering AnalysisAnalysis AnalysisAnalysis (e.g.(e.g. SAS) SAS)
DataData DataData FeatureFeature DataData . . . Information ConditioningData FilteringData ExtractionFeature NormalizationData ConditioningConditioning FilteringFiltering ExtractionExtraction NormalizationNormalization TOOLBOX Data DataDataData InputInput Data InputInput
07.07.2010 45 Industry Standards
• ISO-13374 • Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines – Data processing, communication and presentation
• MIMOSA OSA-CBM • Open System Architecture for Condition-based Maintenance (OSA- CBM) • Implementation of ISO-13374 • A standard architecture for moving information in a condition-based maintenance system
• Mìmir • Is being designed to be compliant with ISO-13374 and the MIMOSA OSA-CBM specification
07.07.2010 46 Benefits of a Modularised Platform
• Facilitates integration of technologies and systems • Standardised access to data and production of actionable information
• Facilitates cooperation • Technology exchange • Combine HRP modules with member organisation modules (+ external, e.g. IO-Center) • Benchmarking
• End-user value • Access to the latest technology developments • Easy to swap a module with a new technology implementing the same function • Development of a common platform that can include vendors • Compatibility requirements, standardisation, ...
07.07.2010 47 Condition Monitoring
LIRA
Electrical Cable Condition Monitoring
Paolo Fantoni Geir Pettersen
07.07.2010 48 The LIne Resonance Analysis (LIRA) method
• Based on cable impedance analysis in a wide frequency spectrum.
• Sensitive to small changes of wire electric parameters, that are a significant condition indicator of the cable state (thermal and radiation aging, humidity, insulation defects, mechanical damage).
• Possibility to detect and localize small insulation cracks and hot spots, in-situ, on installed and not accessible cables.
07.07.2010 49 Cable Monitoring
• LIRA (LIne Resonance Analysis) as a Cable Analyzer
• Local degradation detection and localization • Thermal degradation • Mechanical damage • Gamma irradiation damage
• Global degradation assessment and residual life estimation • Thermal degradation • Gamma irradiation degradation • Harsh environment
07.07.2010 50 Local degradation detection with LIRA
• Based on discontinuities of the characteristic impedance Hotspot at 50m caused by mechanical or ΔP thermal degradation
• Sensitive to very small electric properties change (5pF/m for 0.3m in the picture)
• Localization error average less than 0.3% of total length
07.07.2010 51 XLPE Brand Rex. Cut (at 24m) down to the insulation, 2 wires, dry
07.07.2010 52 Specimen XBC1, LIRA spot detection
07.07.2010 53 Thermal hot spots at 8m (22.5m)
07.07.2010 54 Hot spots (22.5m), 4 aging times, EPR (BIW shielded-16AWG)
1m thermal aging At 8m (22.5)
EIL1: 216hrs at 150C EIL2: 479hrs at 150C EIL3: 527 hrs at 150C EIL4: 575 hrs a 150C
07.07.2010 55 LIRA water tree detection on medium voltage XLPE cable (EPRI)
Water Trees
Beakdown Voltage Test
TanDelta Test
7 July 2010 EAB/CBAC Correlation, EPR (TECNATOM)
1000 EAB/CBAC correlation 900 800 700 new Break 600 20 years ) At 500 40 years 400 EAB (% EAB 300 200 60 years Elongation 100 0 50 55 60 65 70 75 LIRA GlobalCABC degradationCBAC measure
07.07.2010 57 Global degradation assessment
• 3 EPR samples, 20 m long, were aged at 140 °C for 10, EPR Global Ageing 20 and 30 days, producing a thermal degradation 75 equivalent to 20, 40 and 60 years 70 65
• Developed and tested two 60 measures • CBAC: Central Band CBAC 55 Attenuation for Capacitance 50 • CBAL: Central Band Attenuation for Inductance 45
40 TEREF TEG1 TEG2 TEG3
New 20 years 40 years 60 years cable equivalent equivalent equivalent
07.07.2010 58 LIRA – Functional Diagram
RECORD SIGNAL MODULATOR DIGITIZER & GENERATOR . PLAYBACK
SIMULATOR
CABLE CH0 CH1 CONNECTION
IMPEDANCE Hardware – National Instruments SPECTRUM
STORAGE HW - National Instrument Equipment
ON-LINE ON-LINE POST GLOBAL DEGR. LOCAL DEGR. ANALYSIS ANALYSIS ANALYSIS TOOL
Software - LIRA
59 59 Wirescan AS.
LIRA Commission April 28, 2010. Nexans Valhall DC 150kV cable from shore to BP Valhall field, 292 km Market segments
• Power transmission and distribution networks. • submarine cables • underground cables • Offshore oil & gas industry • subsea installations • topside cables • shore to field links • umbilical • down hole • seismic Source; Norsk Hydro • Offshore wind power generation • export cables • inter array cables • Nuclear power plants • Process industry • Cable manufacturers
Source; Vattenfall Source; Statkraft
61 61 Core Monitoring and Simulation
SCORPIO
Reactor Core Surveillance
Jan Otto Porsmyr Terje Bodal Kjell Tore Hansen Arne Hornæs Makoto Tsuiki
07.07.2010 62 SCORPIO - Overview
Core In-Core Methods to combine Instrumentation Simulators
SCORPIO PWR-BWR-VVER
Core Follow System Core Predictive System 3D Power Distribution Determination Strategy Generator Limit Checking & Thermal Margin Calc. PCI-Margin Calculation Primary Coolant Monitoring
07.07.2010 63 SCORPIO – PWR rod influence
07.07.2010 64 SCORPIO Supported Installations • Dukovany NPP, Czech Republic (Unit 1 to 4) • Bohunice NPP, Slovak Republic (Unit 3-4) • Kola NPP (KNPP), Russia (Unit 3-4)
SCORPIO Deliveries • Tihange, Belgium (Electrabel) • McGuire, Catawaba, Oconee (Duke Power) • Ringhals, Sweden • Sizewell-B, UK • TEPCO, Japan
07.07.2010 65 Core Monitoring and Simulation
VNEM
LWR Neutronics and Power Distribution Calculations
Variational Nodal Expansion Makoto Tsuiki Method William H. Beere
07.07.2010 66 PurposePurpose ofof VNEMVNEM
Increase accuracy of power distribution calculations
Reduce safety margin requirements
More economy oriented core operation
e.g. less fresh fuel, higher fuel burnup, less high level wastes, ...
Variational Nodal Expansion Method
07.07.2010 67 LWRLWR neutronicsneutronics calculationcalculation inin corecore powerpower managementmanagement
watt / cm3
fuel failure probability margin for cladding burnout required amount of fuel etc. mathematics core / fuel mathematics power model on composition, model on distribution neutrons geometry neutrons in core behavior
07.07.2010 68 ChallengeChallenge
Develop mathematical methods to calculate ..
- Power distribution in assembly / core - Neutron multiplication factor (keff)
... without too much computing resources
-Desktop PC
07.07.2010 69 AccuracyAccuracy vsvs ComputationComputation TimeTime accuracy x : brute force transport method
x : VNEM
computer resource x : nodal diffusion method (presently in use) requirement
07.07.2010 70 VNEMVNEM solutionsolution
Higher accuracy :
• Solve rigorous equation using even/odd Multidimensional Spherical Harmonics (PL) Transport Theory*
Reduced computing resource :
• Nodal expansion method • Variational (Ritz) method
*currently diffusion approximation is used
07.07.2010 71 VerificationVerification ofof VNEM3DVNEM3D
U235 fission chamber Compare:
- U235 fission chamber readings - Neutron multiplication factor (keff)
of VNEM3D to BOL data from:
(1) reactor-1, a PWR in Japan cases 1, 2 (2) Ringhals-3 PWR cases 1, 2
07.07.2010 72 Core average axial detector readings (average = 1.0)
o : measured 2.0 50 : VNEM3D 1.8 40
1.6 30 error (%) error (%)
1.4 20
1.2 10 relative reading relative reading 1.0 0
0.8 -10
0.6 -20
0.4 -30
0.2 -40
0.0 -50 1 1121314151 core top core bottom
Ringhals-3, case 1
07.07.2010 73 Core average axial detector readings (average = 1.0)
2.0 o : measured 50 1.8 : VNEM3D 40 1.6 30 error (%) error (%)
1.4 20
1.2 10 relative reading relative reading 1.0 0
0.8 -10
0.6 -20
0.4 -30
0.2 -40
0.0 -50 1 1121314151 core top core bottom
Ringhals-3, case 2
07.07.2010 74 VNEM Applications
• Yonden (PWR), Japan • TEPSYS (BWR), Japan • Ringhals (PWR), Sweden
07.07.2010 75 CYGNUSCYGNUS:: aa LWRLWR CoreCore SimulatorSimulator basedbased onon VariationalVariational NodalNodal ExpansionExpansion MethodMethod -- VNEMVNEM
Makoto Tsuiki, Steven Mullet and William H. Beere
IFE, OECD Halden Reactor Project verificationverification ofof CYGNUSCYGNUS
1. NKS (Nordisk kernesikkerhedsforskning*) project
Ringhals NPP - Vattenfall (Sweden) VTT (Finland) IFE (Norway)
Ringhals-3 PWR tracking BWR in Finland
2. bilateral projects
* http://www.nks.org/ keff, Ringhals-3 startup test keff
1.003 1.002 1.001 1.000 0.999 0.998 0.997 0.996 0.995 0.994 0.993 0.992 0.991 0.990 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 core average burnup (GWD/T) axial misalignment of detector position case 2, assembly H4
3.0
2.5 uncorrected measured 2.0 readings
1.5 CYGNUS
relative detector reading detector relative 1.0
0.5
0.0 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 core top core bottom axial misalignment of detector position case 2, assembly H4
3.0
2.5 corrected measured 2.0 readings
1.5 CYGNUS
relative detector reading detector relative 1.0
0.5
0.0 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 core top core bottom computingcomputing timetime
average CPU of 11 cases = 5.6 min. / case* number of nodes = 64 (radial) × 26 (axial) number of energy groups = 7 PL order = 3 spatial expansion order = 2 convergence criterion = 1.0E-6
* CPU = Intel Xeon 2.53 GHz RAM = 8 GB OS = 64 bits operating system 3D Reactor Core Data Visualisation CoreDataViewer
• Features: • Colour-coded, semi- transparent, rotatable 3D view of reactor core data • Focus on interesting spots by filtering out parts of the core based on position and/or value • Select a fuel assembly and view assembly’s individual fuel rods • Visualise pre-calculated and/or real-time data
07.07.2010 83 Pilot Large Screen Displays
Innovative Large Screen Display for Loviisa NPP based on Information Rich Design Method 1
2
Large Screen Display for Outage Plant Mode, focus on Safety Technical Specifications
07.07.2010 84 OD displays BWR MID display, 30 inch display with the 19 most important processdisplays Plant Status Cold shoutdown Reactor Condenser Turbine Power operation
Start Running Up plant Plant Status
Reactor is Start to take the condenser in operation in operation Plant status at full power
Detects deviatio from actual plant status Plant Status after turbine trip
Reactor Condenser Turbine Power operation State based alarm system
Turbine trip from high waterlevel in a tank 7 alarms in State Based list
87 alarms in ordinary alarm list
Ordinary alarm systems are desig For one plant status ”power opera
The state based alarm system in HAMBO has 19 plant status Comparing ordinary alarmsystem with State Based alarm system
450
400
350
300
250 ord alarm TBL 200
150
100
50
0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 A-ned Containment Cont. leak L4 level RT isolation. II 2/4 IS 2/4 Scram No cont. leak TB RC Navigation display PWR HAMMLAB HAMMLAB HAMMLAB ProcSee
A versatile software tool for developing and displaying dynamic graphical user interfaces, particularly aimed at process monitoring and control
www.ife.no/procsee Background
• 20 years of Human System Interface design research at IFE & HRP • Monitor and control complex processes • Human performance in control rooms
• Limited flexibility in commercial tools • In-house-developed tool with great flexibility and performance • Commercially available product Design©IFE: Information Rich Design System Overview
Process Process External Process SW I/O I/O program I/O interface APIAPI APIAPI OPC Programmer API API server Process
Run-Time Run-TimeRun-Time Operator ManagerManager GUI Designer GUI Manager Description Component Libraries Generic system from HAMMLAB
Data Acquisition System’s database Data Acquisition System
DAC-specific Data configuration files for HAMMLAB Integration Platform & ProcSee Integration Platform
ProcSee ProcSee ProcSee ProcSee Large screen Operator displays Office displays Mobile devices Various types of screens
Operator workstations Large overview panels
Office desktops
Handheld devices NPP Applications
• On-line monitoring at NPPs: • NPP simulator applications: • Loviisa NPP • IFE/HRP • Emergency process information system • Operator interfaces for BWR and PWR full- for Finnish radiation authorities and scale NPP simulators in HAMMLAB Fortum’s emergency centre • US Nuclear Regulatory Commission • Westinghouse • HSI of 4 NPP training simulators • Plant monitoring system for control room operators of Korean YGN-5/6, UCN-5/6 • Safety parameter display system • Gösgen-Däniken NPP • Nuclear engineering workstation simulator • Plant monitoring system, including • Korea Electric Power Company safety parameter display system. Used • Operator interfaces for APR1400 simulator, by control room operators and from key persons’ offices including large-screens, process displays, alarm displays, computerized procedures • Fire-alarms and physical access • Scorpio core surveillance system • Fortum, Finland • Kola NPP, nuclear safety centre • Large screen overview display for Loviisa • Bohunice NPP, unit 3+4 NPP based on IFE’s Information Rich Design • Dukovany NPP, all units • HSI of several APROS-based simulators • Halden BWR • Japan Atomic Energy Agency • Monitoring process parameters, in-core • Ecological interface design for NPP operators signals and radiation detectors. Available from control room, offices and handheld devices Other Applications
• On-line monitoring & control: • Simulators: • FMC Kongsberg Metering • Kongsberg Maritime • Fiscal metering systems for oil&gas • High-fidelity ship engine room simulators production delivered world-wide for education (50+ systems 2003-2009) (1200 licences 2002-2009) • Norwegian Defence Research • Cargo-handling simulators for education Establishment • Institute for Energy Technology • Supervision of radiation from • ProcSee to implement graphics editor of dismantlement of Russian submarines. thermal performance monitoring and Installation at 2 Russian locations optimisation system • Scandpower IT / Thales • Monitoring of mobile military telecom networks (200+ installations) • Statnett • Supervision and control of Norway’s electric power grid • Institute for Energy Technology • Monitor and control of experimental equipment for absorption and release of hydrogen HVRC CREATE Control Room Engineering Advanced Toolkit Environment
Presentation by Michael Louka Project Manager - CREATE Project
[email protected] - www.ife.no/vr
Deputy Division Head - Visual Interface Technologies Division Institute for Energy Technology, Halden, Norway Overview
• HVRC CREATE is a suite of tools for designing and testing room layouts • Supports an iterative design process with multiple participants… • …and provides version management for tracking design iterations • Uses interactive 3D technology to enable designers to rapidly prototype and test designs against guidelines and recommendations Applications
• Designed to support control room engineering requirements • But could also be used for: • Furniture layout for homes and offices • Decommissioning planning • Ship bridge design • Design of surgical operation rooms • Accessibility testing for the disabled • And other applications… HVRC CREATE Toolkit
MLo - 107 September 2009 O2: Layout of the Reactor Operator Workplace in the MCR Oskarshamn 1 modernisation project: Human Factors Verification and Valdation
• 467 MWe Boiling Water Reactor unit • The oldest reactor in Sweden, in operation since 1972
• Scope: • Bring OKG 1 in line with current safety standards • Secure 20 years of future operation • New safety concept, including new electrical supply • New electrical building for safety systems and emergency control room • Substitute the turbine with new high pressure and low pressure parts • Safety related instrumentation and control system exchange • New, modern control room design
07.07.2010 109 From conventional to computerised CR
110 CR design areas / sub-systems
• MMI concept • CR layout and workplace design with VR • Safety panel support • Overview information • Computerised formats • Alarm system • Procedures • Work environment • Training and education
111 CR design development
Philosophy Verification Verification Analyses Final Prel. & & Goals design design Validation Validation Guidelines • Continuous and iterative process • Users (operators) involved in all phases (!) • HF V&V is an integrated part during the development of the sub-systems (developed in parallel) and their integration
• HF verification: comparing the design against given specifications • HF validation: performance testing, evidence for safe and efficient performance
112 Regulatory’s focus
• Regulatory (SKI) • NUREG 0711 is the basis for evaluating the human factors of the project • “Human Performance in the modernised control room should be at least as good as the human performance of the existing control room”. • Evaluating the design process (organisation, competences, plans, way of working….) in addition to design solutions.
113 Integrated system validation (1)
• Full-scope simulator • Goal • Test hypothesis ”The human performance in the new control room is at least as good as in the old one” (also SKI requirement) • Personnel • All control room crews participated • Tasks • Realistic scenarios - emergency, disturbance and normal operations • Use of methodology and measures • Developed within the HRP HAMMLAB research • International guidelines • Utilities standards • Performance measures • Acquired in 1999 from the old simulator as the reference • New measures in the new simulator acquired in April - June 2002
114 Integrated system validation (2)
Overview of human performance measurements according to type Priority Measurement Type Actual measure used in the validation Plant Performance Crew Plant Performance Observer rating of crew plant performance 1 Task performance Operator Performance Assessment System (OPAS) Observer rating of performance Crew time response Cognitive factors Situation awareness Workload 2 Operator’s perceived task complexity Work process Observer rating of teamwork quality
115 Integrated system validation (7)
Example result OPAS Task performance 100
90
80
70
60
50
OPAS score 40
30
20
10
0 Old New 1 New 2 Simulator 1999 2002 2002 + 3 months 2005
116 Bilateral activities in Sweden, Finland - The HAMBO Projects - Control room modernisations - Other activities HAMBO Projects • Pre-projects (1999-2000) • Alarm system philosophy for BWRs, requirements and design for HAMBO • Outage information system • Work processes in CRs • Alarm system • Phase 1 (2000-2001) • Show principles on HAMBO simulator (advanced functions, presentation issues) • Phase 2 (2002-2004) • HF evaluation • User testing • ”Best practice”identification of NPP alarm systems • Phase 3 (2005-2007) • Advanced alarm system for HAMBO (MFM) • User testing HAMBO Projects, cntd.
• Outage information system, phase 1 (2002-2003) • Develop large screen displays and detailed displays for outages • BWRs, old and new plants • Outage information, phase 2 (2004-2005) • PWRs Outage Information System: Supervision of the Safety Technical Specifications
07.07.2010 120 HAMBO Projects, cntd.
• Large screen designs (2006-2008) • Based on Information Rich Design • Prototypes for VVER, PWR, BWR • 1st: Loviisa, 2nd: Ringhals-3, 3rd: HAMBO Control Room Modernisation
• Oskarshamn 1 (1995 - 2005) • HF assistance • Virtual Reality in CR design • Verification & Validation activities • Oskarshamn 2 (2003 – 2007) • HF assistance • Verification & Validation activities • Oskarshamn 3 (2006 - >) • Verification & Validation activities • Forsmark • Alarm systems (F1/F2), Control rod man. (F3) • Ringhals/Barsebäck • Minor activities (VR in CR design (TURBIX), interface design, document reviews) CR modernisations, cntd
• Forsmark 1&2 (2008 - ) • Large screen designs • New HSI platform • Forsmark 3 (2008 - ) • ISV • Ringhals 2 (2008 - ) • Control room staffing • ISV third party evaluation Control Room Modernisation
• Loviisa modernisation (2002 - >) • HF assistance • Human Factors standards – overview • Alarm systems - philosophy • Large screen displays - philosophy • Soft control review & guidance • V&V activities (planning and execution) • Olkiluoto • Control room modernisation document reviews • Evaluation of new turbine regulation, impact on CR Other activities, cntd.
• Ringhals operator training, 14 crews autumn 2006 • CGM • Control room equipment and layout • GoalArt • Advanced alarm system tools, based on MFM • Proof-of-principle test (2003, sponsored by Ringhals, Barsebäck and Oskarshamn) • HAMBO alarm, phase 3 (2005-07, sponsored by Ringhals, Oskarshamn, Forsmark, Olkiluoto, Loviisa) • LKAB (Svappavaara and Kiruna) • Control room design • Human System Interfaces • Large screen designs • Alarm systems Halden Planner ALARA planning in Virtual Reality
Presentation by Grete Rindahl and Rune Vabø Halden Reactor Project
[email protected], [email protected] - www.ife.no/vr
Visual Interface Technologies Division Institute for Energy Technology, Halden, Norway Objective
• To give a better radiation protection awareness of complex nuclear environments and thereby improve the general safety of the NPP. • To better incorporate ALARA in the planning of complex maintenance & dismantling operations • To incorporate radiological information into a 3D virtual reality description of the nuclear environment… • …thereby facilitating risk informed planning and work execution Applications
• Designed to support ALARA planning including • Preparation for work in radiological environments • Communication leading to permission to work • Briefing of staff, contractors and regulatory body • Post work analysis • Could also be used for: • Daily overview of conditions • Training • Visualisation of risk and hazards not necessarily connected to dose Approach for source data
? 60Co, 58Co, ..? Source 1. Identify radionuclides 2. Define sources as & their relative activities radioisotopes with initial activities
A −⋅⋅()μρ/ ρ r −6 Dose=⋅ y ⋅⋅ E()μρ/ ρ ⋅ ei ⋅ B() E , , r ⋅ 5.263 ⋅ 10 ⋅ 9.7 ( mSv / h ) tissue2 ∑ i i eni s i d i 4. Visualize & analyse 3. Perform calculations dose rates in 3D VR incorporating shielding Identify radionuclides with CZT gamma spectrometry
Used by all EDF NPP radioprotection services
EDF example Radioisotopes : Portable sensor 58Co, 60Co Gamma spectrum (acquisition : ~1500 secs.) DOSE Contributions : ÖÖ58Co : 38 % 60Co : 62 %
ACTIVITIES : Energy 58Co : 63 % 60Co : 37 %
CZT probe Peeks at specific energies are fingerprints of specific radioisotopes Approach for dose-rate data
1. Identify measurement 2. Interpolate values: locations, time and values φ = φ(x,y,z,t)
3. Visualize & analyse dose rates in 3D VR Scenario recording and analysis Visualizing dose rates total contribution from all sources
S1: 20 GBq Co-58 Operator
S2: 5 GBq Co-60 10 GBq Cs-137
Operator dose rate = 0.06 mSv/h Separate Radioisotopic Contributions
All Combined Co-60
Concrete Pb Shield Shield
! High energy from Co-60 penetrates 5 cm lead
Cs-137 Co-58
! Cs-137 cannot penetrate 5 cm lead Radioactive decay Relevant to Waste Management and Decommissioning planning
total dose rates Initial 1 year
4 years 8 years
Co-58
Co-60 Cs-137 3D Visualisation of dose rates total contribution from all sources
110mAg (10GBq)
137Cs(10GBq) 60 Co (10GBq) 58Co (20GBq)
5 cm lead 20 cm concrete Left operator : 0.05 mSv/h ) Right operator : 0.42 mSv/h VRdose: Decommissioning in Japan
MLo - 137 September 2009 SINTEF
CENTER FOR INTEGRATED OPERATIONS IN THE UPSTREAM PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
NTNU/SINTEF/IFE
In co-operation with the petroleum industry Integrated Operation
How to maintain collaboration?
07.07.2010 139 Challenge of IO
• CCRs •Local/remote control •Decision-making •Work Processes
Field Centres •Teamwork •Organisational aspects •Real-time data •Communication •Presentation of info. •Information sharing
•Advanced technology Onshore Control Centres •Change management 07.07.2010 140 Generation 1 – Onshore Centres
• Drilling support • Operational support • Collaboration ”rooms” • Extensive use of video conferencing
ConocoPhillips Stavanger, Norway
07.07.2010 141 Generation 2 Î - Onshore centres
• Drilling control • Operational control • Virtual organisations • Advanced visualisation
07.07.2010 142 Observation and Coaching Situation
Sandsli Onshore Operations Group
Shared Work Surface
Brage Offshore Collaboration Room
IFE Halden Observation/ Coaching Team CENTER FOR INTEGRATED OPERATIONS
Authorities and branch organisations OLF, NPD, Ptil, MPE
eF&IO Oil companies CENTER Supply industry Think Tank Field implementation Technology development Demand for technology Closing gaps Forward looking Commercialisation Field testing opportunities Cluster drive contributor International marketing Procurement programmes
NTNU/SINTEF/IFE R&D Education Competence
07.07.2010 144 INDUSTRIAL PARTNERS Confirmed participants Oil Companies Service/system suppliers Statoil Kongsberg Maritime Hydro Aker Kvaerner Total IBM Gaz de France FMC Kongsberg ConocoPhillips Petoro Collaboration partners; Ptil, NPD, OLF
Processing of invitations…. • Shell ABB • BP Odfjell • Chevron Sense Intellifield • Eni • Exxon Epsis Framo
07.07.2010 145 Integrated Operations – the Snøhvit example
Mixed Fluid Cascade liquefaction process • Converts gas to liquid by cooling to –163 oC • Loading of ships for export of LNG
Remote control of subsea systems: Long distance multiphase flow line • Snøhvit 8 wells + 1 CO2 injector, • CO2 pipeline • Albatross 4 wells, • MEG service line • Askeladd 8 wells • Fibre optic cable
07.07.2010 146 Snøhvit operation centre solution
07.07.2010 147 The technology of the Large Screen Display
07.07.2010 148 Responsibility areas – v.s the Large Screen Display
Subsea: Process: Utilities: Loading: • Remote control of •Slug chatcher • Power • LNG loading subsea systems •Spiral Wound Heat •Fire • Condensate loading • Multiphase flow line Exchanger •Water • Slug catcher •LNG process • Waste etc.
07.07.2010 149 IO–Snøhvit: Large Screen Display Thanks for listening!