High-Ozone Layers in the Middle and Upper Troposphere Above Central Europe: Potential Import from the Stratosphere Along the Subtropical Jet Stream
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 9343–9366, 2011 www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/9343/2011/ Atmospheric doi:10.5194/acp-11-9343-2011 Chemistry © Author(s) 2011. CC Attribution 3.0 License. and Physics High-ozone layers in the middle and upper troposphere above Central Europe: potential import from the stratosphere along the subtropical jet stream T. Trickl1, N. Bartsch-Ritter¨ 2, H. Eisele1, M. Furger2, R. Mucke¨ 1, M. Sprenger3, and A. Stohl4,* 1Karlsruher Institut fur¨ Technologie, Institut fur¨ Meteorologie und Klimaforschung (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstr. 19, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany 2Paul Scherrer Institut, Labor fur¨ Atmospharenchemie,¨ 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland 3Eidgenossische¨ Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich,¨ Institut fur¨ Atmosphare¨ und Klima, Universitatsstr.¨ 16, 8092 Zurich,¨ Switzerland 4Lehrstuhl fur¨ Okoklimatologie,¨ Technische Universitat¨ Munchen,¨ Am Hochanger 13, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany *now at: Norwegian Institute for Air Research, P.O. Box 100, Instituttveien 18, 2027 Kjeller, Norway Received: 28 July 2010 – Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 15 December 2010 Revised: 14 July 2011 – Accepted: 30 August 2011 – Published: 9 September 2011 Abstract. Specific very dry high-ozone layers, starting important mechanism for stratosphere-to-troposphere trans- roughly two days after the onset of high-pressure periods port (STT) and also confirm the model predictions of pro- during the warm season, have been reproducibly observed nounced and persistent STT along the subtropical jet stream. in the middle and upper troposphere with the ozone lidar in Garmisch-Partenkirchen (Germany). These episodes, previ- ously not understood, were recently analysed based on ex- 1 Introduction tending backward simulations with the FLEXPART particle dispersion model to as many as twenty days and on jet-stream Very dry air masses with peak ozone mixing ratios of 80 analyses including calculations with the LAGRANTO trans- to 150 ppb were consistently detected in all six ozone lidar port model.
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