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Góry Stołowe Przyroda I Ludzie Ludzie Góry Góry Stołowe – przyroda i Góry Stołowe przyroda i ludzie ludzie ISBN 978-83-938085-7-1 Góry Stołowe przyroda i ludzie PNGS, Kudowa-Zdrój 2018 Góry Stołowe – przyroda i ludzie Praca zbiorowa pod redakcją Cezarego Kabały Redaktorzy dziedzinowi: Cezary Kabała, Marcin Kadej, Zygmunt Kącki, Tomasz Mazur, Stanisław Miścicki Recenzenci: Zygmunt Dajdok, Marek Degórski, Jacek Gorczyca, Roman Jaszczak, Anna Karczewska, Maria Kossowska, Ewa Szczęśniak Zdjęcie na okładce: Tadeusz Kandefer Góry Stołowe – przyroda i ludzie Wydawca: Park Narodowy Gór Stołowych ul. Słoneczna 31 57-350 Kudowa Zdrój www.pngs.com.pl © Copyright by Park Narodowy Gór Stołowych, Kudowa-Zdrój 2018 ISBN 978-83-938085-7-1 Projekt: Izabela Kruźlak / Compal DTP: Compal, Bielsko-Biała Druk: Drukarnia Dimograf Sp z o.o. ul. Legionów 83 43-300 Bielsko-Biała Poglądy autorów i treści zawarte w publikacji nie zawsze odzwierciedlają stanowisko WFOŚiGW we Wrocławiu Spis treści WSTĘP ...................................................................................... 9 Cezary Kabała, Bartosz Małek ZIEMIA ...................................................................................... 11 Budowa geologiczna Gór Stołowych w oparciu o dotychczasowe wyniki badań .......................................................................................................... 13 Katarzyna Machowiak Ukształtowanie terenu i procesy rzeźbotwórcze ............................................ 31 Piotr Migoń, Filip Duszyński, Marek Kasprzak Geneza i przemiany krajobrazu kulturowego Gór Stołowych ...................... 47 Agnieszka Latocha, Piotr Migoń Ruchy masowe i współczesna geodynamika na obszarze Gór Stołowych .... 63 Stefan Cacoń, Krzysztof Mąkolski, Olgierd Jamroz Gleby Gór Stołowych ........................................................................................... 81 Cezary Kabała, Adam Bogacz, Bernard Gałka, Paweł Jezierski, Beata Łabaz, Jarosław Waroszewski Klimat Gór Stołowych .......................................................................................... 107 Mieczysław Sobik, Marek Błaś Wody Gór Stołowych ........................................................................................... 125 Matylda Witek ZWIERZĘTA ............................................................................. 141 Ślimaki i małże (Gastropoda et Bivalvia) Gór Stołowych .............................. 143 Tomasz K. Maltz, Beata M. Pokryszko, Andrzej Wiktor Pajęczaki (Arachnida) Gór Stołowych ............................................................... 155 Konrad Wiśniewski Góry Stołowe – przyroda i ludzie 5 Skoczogonki (Collembola) Parku Narodowego Gór Stołowych ................... 171 LASY .......................................................................................... 351 Adrian Smolis Lasy Parku Narodowego Gór Stołowych ......................................................... 353 Chrząszcze (Coleoptera) Parku Narodowego Gór Stołowych ..................... 175 Stanisław Miścicki, Joanna Mielczarczyk, Maciej Szneidrowski Dariusz Tarnawski, Marek Janoszek Zagrożenia i ochrona drzewostanów Parku Narodowego Gór Stołowych . 375 Motyle dzienne (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea, Hesperioidea, Zygaenidae) Wojciech Grodzki Gór Stołowych ....................................................................................................... 181 Adam Malkiewicz CZŁOWIEK ............................................................................... 389 Trzmiele (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombini) i ich rośliny pokarmowe Historia ochrony przyrody w Górach Stołowych ........................................... 391 w Parku Narodowym Gór Stołowych ............................................................... 197 Janusz Korybo Paweł Michołap, Aneta Sikora, Marcin Sikora Park Narodowy Gór Stołowych w systemie ochrony przyrody Polski ....... 403 Mrówki (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Parku Narodowego Gór Stołowych Halina Liberacka na tle myrmekofauny Sudetów .......................................................................... 213 Sebastian Salata Park Narodowy Gór Stołowych a otoczenie społeczno-gospodarcze ....... 407 Alina Kulczyk-Dynowska Ryby Parku Narodowego Gór Stołowych ........................................................ 221 Jan Kotusz, Andrzej Witkowski Edukacja w Parku Narodowym Gór Stołowych .............................................. 419 Tadeusz Kandefer, Tomasz Mazur Płazy (Amphibia) Parku Narodowego Gór Stołowych ................................... 231 Robert Maślak Udostępnianie walorów przyrodniczych i turystyka w Parku Narodowym Gór Stołowych ............................................................... 425 Gady (Reptilia) Parku Narodowego Gór Stołowych ....................................... 239 Tomasz Mazur, Damian Sugiero Robert Maślak Indeks rzeczowy .................................................................................................... 437 Ptaki (Aves) Gór Stołowych ................................................................................. 247 Romuald Mikusek, Andrzej Dyrcz Indeks geograficzny .............................................................................................. 442 Ssaki (Mammalia) Parku Narodowego Gór Stołowych .................................. 269 Indeks nazw łacińskich gatunków roślin i zbiorowisk roślinnych ................ 444 Romuald Mikusek, Joanna Furmankiewicz, Tomasz Zając, Katarzyna Kozyra, Jadwiga Jakubiec Indeks nazw łacińskich gatunków zwierząt ...................................................... 448 ROŚLINY I GRZYBY ............................................................... 293 Porosty Gór Stołowych ........................................................................................ 295 Monika Dimos-Zych Roślinność Parku Narodowego Gór Stołowych .............................................. 311 Zygmunt Kącki, Magdalena Szymura, Krzysztof Świerkosz, Grzegorz Swacha, Krystyna Pender Flora Gór Stołowych ............................................................................................. 329 Krzysztof Świerkosz, Grzegorz Wójcik Spis treści Góry Stołowe – przyroda i ludzie 6 7 Przedmowa Ćwierć wieku w historii gór to „mgnienie oka”, ale dla przyrody żywej to czas długi na tyle, że całe ekosystemy mogą ulec drastycznej zmianie a gatunki całkowicie zniknąć bez należytej ochrony w warunkach rosnącej presji człowieka na środowisko. Ćwierć wieku temu powstał Park Narodowy Gór Stołowych. Utworzony został przede wszystkim z myślą o ochronie krajobrazu gór płytowych i unikalnych form skalnych, ale do nadania najwyższej rangi ochrony – parku narodowego – bez wątpienia przyczyniła się też obecność torfowisk górskich, ginących gatunków i zbiorowisk roślin oraz ende- micznych lub rzadkich gatunków zwierząt. Od 25 lat Park Narodowy chroni przyrodę Gór Stołowych jako całość, jako jeden złożony górski ekosystem. Ochrona ta polega nie tylko na konserwatorskim zachowaniu status quo, lecz obejmuje szereg aktywnych działań, na czele z długofalową przebudową drzewostanów, ukształtowanych przez wieloletnią gospodarkę leśną nastawioną na pozyskanie drewna świerkowego. Jednak misją parku narodowego jest nie tylko ochrona dziedzictwa przyrodniczego, ale też wspieranie badań nad zjawiskami i procesami przyrodniczymi, upowszechnianie wiedzy o przyrodzie w jej najcenniejszych enklawach, oraz zrównoważone turystyczne udostępnianie walorów krajobrazowych i przyrodniczych. Ćwierć wieku istnienia PNGS to również dwadzieścia pięć lat pracy ludzi związanych z Parkiem zawodowo, profesjonalnie lub emocjonalnie. Jubileusz 25-lecia PNGS tworzy właściwą perspektywę do oceny efektów powołania Parku Narodowego – dla samej przyrody, dla nauki i wiedzy o przyrodzie, oraz dla ludzi, którzy w Górach Stołowych żyją, pracują lub je odwiedzają w poszukiwaniu natury, piękna, zdrowia lub wypoczynku. Monografia „Góry Stołowe – przyroda i ludzie” podejmuje próbę podsumowania współczesnej wiedzy o zasobach przyrodniczych PNGS, która nieprawdopodobnie zwięk- szyła się od momentu powstania Parku i nadal dynamicznie się rozwija dzięki kolejnym pokoleniom badaczy-pasjonatów, kolejnym projektom badawczym, ale też dzięki przy- chylności instytucji finansujących badania i działania ochronne w PNGS. Niniejsze opra- cowanie próbuje podkreślić aspekty, w których istnienie Parku Narodowego przyczyniło się do ochrony lub restytucji walorów przyrodniczych, ale nie unika też wskazywania dalszych niezbędnych działań, w odpowiedzi na nierozwiązane dotąd problemy lub nowe wyzwania. Niniejsza książka eksponuje też edukacyjną i popularyzatorską misję Parku Narodowego, w której realizacji pracownicy Parku mają niebagatelne osiągnięcia. Mamy nadzieję, że monografia „Góry Stołowe – przyroda i ludzie” będzie użytecznym źródłem nowoczesnej i profesjonalnej informacji dla wszystkich, którzy pragną wiedzieć więcej o Górach Stołowych – perle Sudetów, która jak magnes przyciąga rzesze przy- rodników i turystów z całej Polski i Europy. mgr inż. Bartosz Małek prof. dr hab. Cezary Kabała Dyrektor PNGS Przewodniczący Rady Naukowej Góry Stołowe – przyroda i ludzie 9 ZIEMIA Katarzyna Machowiak Politechnika Poznańska, Zakład Geotechniki i Geologii Inżynierskiej Budowa geologiczna Gór Stołowych w oparciu o dotychczasowe wyniki badań Wprowadzenie Góry Stołowe stanowią jedno z wielu pasm górskich w Sudetach, jednak z powodu Fig. 1 Krajobraz Gór szczególnej budowy geologicznej oraz unikatowych form morfologicznych masywów Stołowych. Widok ze i ostańców skalnych, są pasmem wyjątkowym i niezwykle atrakcyjnym turystycznie (Fig. 1). Szczelińca Wielkiego na (znajdującą
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