DOCSLIB.ORG

Life Cycles of Clausiliids of Poland – Knowns and Unknowns

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Life Cycles of Clausiliids of Poland – Knowns and Unknowns A N N A L E S Z O O L O G I C I (Warszawa), 2008, 58(4): 857-880 LIFE CYCLES OF CLAUSILIIDS OF POLAND – KNOWNS AND UNKNOWNS TOMASZ K. MALTZ1 and ANNA SULIKOWSKA-DROZD2 1Museum of Natural History, Wrocław University, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract.— Among the 24 native clausiliids, 15 were subject to laboratory observations. Eleven of them were found to be oviparous, three – egg retainers and one – ovoviviparous. Batches, containing most often one to about a dozen of partly calcified, ellipsoidal or spherical eggs, appeared usually in the spring and autumn (in non-hibernating individuals throughout the year). Probably the main factors determining the onset of reproduction are humidity and temperature while the photoperiod has no significant effect. The incubation period is ca. two weeks (room temperature), the hatching is synchronous or asynchronous. Cases of intra-batch and inter-batch cannibalism were observed. The minimum time from hatching/birth till adult size is ca. 3–9 months and after further 5–8 months the snails start producing eggs/babies. Clausiliids are iteroparous. Anatomical studies on the development of the reproductive system show that just before lip completion the reproductive system is still incompletely developed. Penis, epiphallus and spermatheca develop within the first month after growth completion (which would indicate attainment of ability to copulate), and the reproductive system becomes wholly mature only after a few months. The clausiliid development strategy is probably the following: the quickest possible growth and attainment of adult size, then development of the reproductive system and attainment of sexual maturity. ± Key words.— Terrestrial snails, Clausiliidae, life cycle, reproduction strategy, reproductive season, development, growth, maturity. INTRODUCTION by one species (4.1%) (Riedel 1988). A detailed classifi- cation is presented in Table 2. The European group Recent terrestrial malacofauna of Poland includes includes widely distributed species found in the whole 174 species (Wiktor 2004) classified in 27 families. country (8 species), and some with regional ranges: Besides the Helicidae (19% species) and the Zonitidae Clausilia bidentata (lowlands of north-western (11.5%), one of the numerously represented families Poland), C. cruciata and C. parvula (uplands and are clausiliids with their 24 species (13.8%) assigned to mountains) and Balea perversa (a few sites in the nine genera in three subfamilies (Table 1) (Kerney et Sudetes and one in the Eastern Beskidy Mts). Alpine al. 1983, Riedel 1988, Wiktor 2004). clausiliids: Cochlodina costata, Charpentieria Zoogeographically, European clausiliids constitute ornata and Macrogastra badia, have only single the biggest group (54.2%), followed by Carpathian spe- sites in the Sudetes, whereas Carpathian species occur cies (29.2%), while the Alpine component is represent- most of all in the south-eastern part of the country, ed by three (12.5%), and the boreo-montane component though the range of some of them is not confined to the PL ISSN 0003-4541 © Fundacja Natura optima dux doi: 10.3161/000345408X396783 858 T. K. MALTZ and A. SULIKOWSKA-DROZD Table 1. Systematic index of clausiliids of Poland (Riedel 1988, Wiktor 2004). Family Subfamily Genus Subgenus Species Clausiliidae Alopiinae Cochlodina Cochlodina C. costata (C. Pfeiffer, 1828) C. laminata (Montagu, 1803) Paracochlodina C. orthostoma (Menke, 1828) Charpentieria Itala Ch. ornata (Rossmässler, 1836) Clausiliinae Ruthenica R. filograna (Rossmässler, 1836) Macrogastra M. badia (C. Pfeiffer, 1828) M. latestriata (A. Schmidt, 1857) M. plicatula (Draparnaud, 1801) M. tumida (Rossmässler, 1836) M. ventricosa (Draparnaud, 1801) Clausilia C. bidentata (Ström, 1765) C. cruciata (Studer, 1820) C. dubia Draparnaud, 1805 C. parvula Férussac, 1807 C. pumila C. Pfeiffer, 1828 Baleinae Laciniaria L. plicata (Draparnaud, 1801) Alinda A. biplicata (Montagu, 1803) Balea Balea B. perversa (Linnaeus, 1758) Pseudalinda B. fallax (Rossmässler, 1836) B. stabilis (L. Pfeiffer, 1847) Vestia Vestia V. elata (Rossmässler, 1836) V. gulo (E. A. Bielz, 1859) V. turgida (Rossmässler, 1836) Bulgarica Strigilecula B. cana (Held, 1836) Carpathians: Macrogastra tumida has a few locali- habitats, 13 clausiliids (54.2%) are regarded as threat- ties in the Eastern Sudetes, and M. latestriata in- ened in Poland: seven are low risk species while six are habits also the lowlands of north-eastern Poland. The endangered, of these as many as five critically (Wiktor region holds also two European species typical of up- and Riedel 2002) (Table 3). land and mountainous areas: Cochlodina orthosto- Literature information on clausiliid life cycles is ma and Clausilia dubia (Riedel 1988, Wiktor 2004) usually fragmentary and pertains only to 11 among the (Fig. 1). 24 species (Table 4). Complete data based on field Most clausiliids (91.7%) live in natural forest habi- observations exist only for Vestia elata (Piechocki tats, some (among others Laciniaria plicata, Alinda 1982), the life cycle of Balea perversa has been part- biplicata) are found also in forest-like habitats (den- ly studied (Baur 1990, Baur and Baur 1992). In the re- se, shaded shrubs, neglected parks etc.). Only Char- maining cases the data pertain either to a selected pentieria ornata and Balea perversa prefer more aspect of clausiliid biology, e.g. copulation (Nordsieck open habitats. With respect to humidity requirements 2005), or are fragmentary and/or problematic (Fröm- only Vestia gulo is a typical higrophile while the re- ming 1954 – literature review, Likharev 1962, Hudec maining ones live in mesic habitats with moderate 1963, Tompa 1979a – literature review, Bulman 1996, humidity fluctuations during the vegetation season Kuźnik-Kowalska 1998), and thus require verification. (mesophile species). Cochlodina costata, Charpen- The objective of this paper is to present and discuss tieria ornata and Clausilia parvula require a high laboratory-based data on 15 species of clausiliids, and calcium content in the substratum. The last two spe- pertaining, among other things, to the mode and period cies and Balea perversa are petrophiles (Maltz and of reproduction (oviparity: time of egg-laying, number Pokryszko 2007) (Fig. 2). of eggs per batch, hatching, cannibalism; egg reten- Because of the largely man-induced environment- tion, and ovoviviparity; reproductive season in the lab- al changes, and the resulting disappearance of natural oratory), growth and maturation, which are crucial to LIFE CYCLES OF CLAUSILIIDS OF POLAND 859 Table 2. Zoogeographic composition of clausiliids of Poland (Riedel 1988). General division Detailed division Species Boreo-Alpine Boreo-Alpine Clausilia cruciata Alpine s. lato E Alpine-Dinaric Cochlodina costata E Alpine Charpentieria ornata Macrogastra badia Carpathian s. lato Carpathian s. stricto Macrogastra latestriata Macrogastra tumida Balea stabilis Vestia gulo Vestia turgida E Carpathian Vestia elata Carpathian-Balkan Balea fallax European s. lato European s. stricto Cochlodina laminata E European Ruthenica filograna C European Macrogastra plicatula Macrogastra ventricosa Clausilia dubia Clausilia parvula Alinda biplicata E and C European Clausilia pumila Laciniaria plicata C and E European Cochlodina orthostoma W European Balea perversa N and NW European Clausilia bidentata E and SE European Bulgarica cana protection of endangered species and at the same time Tilia sp, Fagus sp.), fragments of limestone and tufts make it possible to rectify problematic information pre- of mosses (Ceratodon sp., Atrichum sp., Funaria sp., sented in earlier publications. Hypnum sp., Dicranum sp., Trichostomum sp.). Calcium was provided in the form of writing chalk or dolomite tablets. The snails were fed leaves of lettuce, MATERIAL AND METHODS Pekingese lettuce, sometimes Italian or headed cab- bage, pieces of carrot, cucumber and mushroom The studies were carried out in two institutions: (champignon, chanterelle). Museum of Natural History, Wrocław University [1] Humidity in the containers was practically constant and the Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hy- and close to 100% as a result of regular spraying of drobiology, University of Łódź [2]. Fifteen species the tissue, stones, bark and moss. The culture was observed in the laboratory were subject to the studies checked every 2–3 days (when necessary daily), while (Table 5). total cleaning (exchange of tissue paper, container Adults were kept in plastic containers of 300, 500, cleaning) took place twice a month. In Wrocław the 700 and 1200 cm3 volume, single snails or pairs were culture containers were kept at room tempera- kept in smaller containers, while other containers held ture (18–22°C) and natural light regime throughout groups of 5–10 individuals. Apart from the species the year; in Łódź the snails hibernated in a cool which were introduced into the culture later (C. ortho- room: preparing for hibernation (half of October till stoma, C. pumila, C. dubia), detailed observations half of November – 8–12°C), hibernation (half of No- involved five pairs of each C. laminata and L. plicata vember till the end of February – 3°C) and prepar- and 10–15 pairs of each of the remaining species. ing for activity (March – 8–12°C). During that time Each tissue-lined box contained pieces of deciduous the photoperiod
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Macrogastra Badia (C. Pfeiffer
    Vol. 17(2): 53–62 MACROGASTRA BADIA (C. PFEIFFER, 1828) (GASTROPODA: PULMONATA: CLAUSILIIDAE) IN ZIELENIEC (BYSTRZYCKIE MTS, CENTRAL SUDETES) – ECOLOGY, CONSERVATION STATUS AND LIFE HISTORY – PRELIMINARY DATA TOMASZ K. MALTZ,BEATA M. POKRYSZKO Museum of Natural History, Wroc³aw University, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wroc³aw, Poland (e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]) ABSTRACT: Information on thedistribution on theAlpine M. badia in Poland dates from the 1960s and was not verified subsequently. A new locality was discovered in 2003 (Bystrzyckie Mts, Zieleniec near Duszniki-Zdrój); it forms a part of a group of isolated, Polish and Czech localities on the border of the species’ distribution range. In the discussed part of the range the species is threatened by habitat destruction and climatic changes. It is legally protected in Poland but preserving its populations requires habitat protection. The preferred habi- tat is herb-rich beech forest, and cool and humid climate is crucial for the species’ survival. The composition of the accompanying malacofauna varies among the sites which is probably associated with their origin. M. badia is oviparous; in May and June it produces batches of 1–3 eggs. The eggs are partly calcified, 1.39–1.61 in major and 1.32–1.45 mm in minor diameter. The incubation period is 16–19 days; the hatching is asynchron- ous; the juveniles reach adult size in 7–8 months. Some data on shell variation are provided; the number of ap- ertural folds varies more widely than formerly believed. KEY WORDS: Clausiliidae, endangered species, Macrogastra badia, lifehistory, ecology INTRODUCTION Macrogastra badia (C.
    [Show full text]
  • Snail Herbivory Decreases Cyanobacterial Abundance And
    Snail herbivory decreases cyanobacterial abundance and lichen diversity along cracks of limestone pavements 1 2, 2 2 LARS FRO€BERG, PETER STOLL, ANETTE BAUR, AND BRUNO BAUR 1Botanical Museum, Department of Biology, O¨ stra Vallgatan 18, SE-223 61 Lund, Sweden 2Section of Conservation Biology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Vorstadt 10, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland Abstract. Herbivores are known to decrease plant species diversity in ecosystems with low productivity. Limestone pavements are low-productive habitats harboring specialized communities of cyanobacteria, and endo- and epilithic lichens exposed to extreme temperature and humidity fluctuations. Pavements of the Great Alvar (O¨ land, Sweden) are covered by free-living cyanobacteria giving the rock surface a dark color. Based on cyanobacterial abundance along the edges, two types of cracks intersecting the pavements have been described: Type one with abundant cyanobacteria and type two without cyanobacteria resulting in light-colored edges. Erosion and different lengths of inundation by melt water have been suggested to cause the conspicuous differences in community composition and hence color between cracks. We hypothesized that this pattern results from the grazing activity of the cyanobacteria- and lichen-feeding snail Chondrina clienta, which reduces cyanobacterial cover along light-colored cracks and facilitates endolithic lichens. Three dark and three light-colored cracks were investigated at each of three localities. Crack characteristics (i.e., aspect, width, depth and erosion) and snail density were assessed at the crack level. Cyanobacterial cover and lichen diversity were recorded in 1-cm sections, sampled every 5 cm along eight 160-cm-long transects per crack.
    [Show full text]
  • Nachtrag Zu "Ueber Abnormitäten Der Färbung, Der Windungsrichtung Und Der Gehäusebildung Bei Den Clausiliiden"
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Archiv für Molluskenkunde Jahr/Year: 1928 Band/Volume: 60 Autor(en)/Author(s): Schlesch Hans Artikel/Article: Nachtrag zu "Ueber Abnormitäten der Färbung, der Windungsrichtung und der Gehäusebildung bei den Clausiliiden". 33-49 33 Nachtrag zu „lieber Abnormitäten der Färbung, der Windungsrichtung und der Gehäusebildung bei den Clausiliiden". Von Hans Schlesch, Kopenhagen. I. Ueber Albinismus der europäischen CI ausi lüden. Als ich meine Arbeit über die Abnormitäten der Clausiliiden veröffentlichte1), war ich mir dessen wohl bewußt, daß sie nie vollständig werden würde, denn die Angaben sind allzusehr in einer umfang­ reichen, oft nicht leicht zu beschaffenden Literatur versteckt. Ich kann bereits jetzt einen kleinen Nach­ trag liefern, den ich hauptsächlich den Zuschriften verschiedener Fachgenossen verdanke. Vor allem zu Dank verpflichtet bin ich jedoch den Herren Dr. Lajos Soös, Hofrat Dr. Rudolf Sturany und Dr. Wolfgang Adensamer, die mir bei meinen kürzlichen Besuchen in Budapest und Wien in lie­ benswürdiger Weise Zutritt zu den von ihnen betrauten Sammlungen verschafften, sodaß ich dieClausilii- dae dieser Museen durchsehen konnte. Zuerst sei noch einmal kurz auf die Einflüsse eingegangen, unter denen sich Albinos in einiger An­ zahl finden. Einmal nimmt anscheinend die Häufig­ keit solcher pigmentloser Exemplare unter bestimm­ ten ökologischen Bedingungen besonders zu, wie vor allem in kühlen, feuchten Gebirgstälern, wie sie sich am meisten in zerklüfteten Kalkgebirgen finden, ferner im Hochgebirge. Andererseits ist ja beobachtet, daß bei einer Anzahl von Gattungen(Fusulus, Laciniaria, Cochlodina, Delima) Albinismus nicht selten auftritt, während er bei andern kaum beobachtet wirdClau (- i) Arch.
    [Show full text]
  • Predatory Poiretia (Stylommatophora, Oleacinidae) Snails: Histology and Observations
    Vita Malacologica 13: 35-48 20 December 2015 Predatory Poiretia (Stylommatophora, Oleacinidae) snails: histology and observations Renate A. HELWERDA Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands email: [email protected] Key words: Predation, predatory snails, drilling holes, radula, pedal gland, sole gland, acidic mucus ABSTRACT The Mediterranean species occur in rather dry, often rocky habitats, which are openly to sparsely vegetated. The predatory behaviour of Poiretia snails is studied. One However, they also occur in anthropogenically affected areas aspect of this behaviour is the ability to make holes in the such as gardens and parks (Kittel, 1997). The snails are main - shells of prey snails. The radula and the histology of the ly active at night and are hidden away under rocks and leaf mucous glands support the assumption that Poiretia secretes litter during the day, although they can also be found crawling acidic mucus to produce these holes. Observation of a around during daytime if the weather is rainy or cloudy and Poiretia compressa (Mousson, 1859) specimen yielded the moist (Wagner, 1952; Maassen, 1977; Kittel, 1997). During insight that its activities relied on the availability of moisture the hot summer months, Poiretia snails aestivate by burying and not on light conditions. It preyed on a wide range of snail themselves in soil or under rocks and sealing their apertures species, but only produced holes in shells when the aperture with an epiphragm (Kittel, 1997). was blocked. It usually stabbed its prey with a quick motion Poiretia snails prey on a wide variety of pulmonate snails.
    [Show full text]
  • Malaco Le Journal Électronique De La Malacologie Continentale Française
    MalaCo Le journal électronique de la malacologie continentale française www.journal-malaco.fr MalaCo (ISSN 1778-3941) est un journal électronique gratuit, annuel ou bisannuel pour la promotion et la connaissance des mollusques continentaux de la faune de France. Equipe éditoriale Jean-Michel BICHAIN / Paris / [email protected] Xavier CUCHERAT / Audinghen / [email protected] Benoît FONTAINE / Paris / [email protected] Olivier GARGOMINY / Paris / [email protected] Vincent PRIE / Montpellier / [email protected] Les manuscrits sont à envoyer à : Journal MalaCo Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle Equipe de Malacologie Case Postale 051 55, rue Buffon 75005 Paris Ou par Email à [email protected] MalaCo est téléchargeable gratuitement sur le site : http://www.journal-malaco.fr MalaCo (ISSN 1778-3941) est une publication de l’association Caracol Association Caracol Route de Lodève 34700 Saint-Etienne-de-Gourgas JO Association n° 0034 DE 2003 Déclaration en date du 17 juillet 2003 sous le n° 2569 Journal électronique de la malacologie continentale française MalaCo Septembre 2006 ▪ numéro 3 Au total, 119 espèces et sous-espèces de mollusques, dont quatre strictement endémiques, sont recensées dans les différents habitats du Parc naturel du Mercantour (photos Olivier Gargominy, se reporter aux figures 5, 10 et 17 de l’article d’O. Gargominy & Th. Ripken). Sommaire Page 100 Éditorial Page 101 Actualités Page 102 Librairie Page 103 Brèves & News ▪ Endémisme et extinctions : systématique des Endodontidae (Mollusca, Pulmonata) de Rurutu (Iles Australes, Polynésie française) Gabrielle ZIMMERMANN ▪ The first annual meeting of Task-Force-Limax, Bünder Naturmuseum, Chur, Switzerland, 8-10 September, 2006: presentation, outcomes and abstracts Isabel HYMAN ▪ Collecting and transporting living slugs (Pulmonata: Limacidae) Isabel HYMAN ▪ A List of type specimens of land and freshwater molluscs from France present in the national molluscs collection of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem Henk K.
    [Show full text]
  • Molluscs of the Dürrenstein Wilderness Area
    Molluscs of the Dürrenstein Wilderness Area S a b i n e F ISCHER & M i c h a e l D UDA Abstract: Research in the Dürrenstein Wilderness Area (DWA) in the southwest of Lower Austria is mainly concerned with the inventory of flora, fauna and habitats, interdisciplinary monitoring and studies on ecological disturbances and process dynamics. During a four-year qualitative study of non-marine molluscs, 96 sites within the DWA and nearby nature reserves were sampled in cooperation with the “Alpine Land Snails Working Group” located at the Natural History Museum of Vienna. Altogether, 84 taxa were recorded (72 land snails, 12 water snails and mussels) including four endemics and seven species listed in the Austrian Red List of Molluscs. A reference collection (empty shells) of molluscs, which is stored at the DWA administration, was created. This project was the first systematic survey of mollusc fauna in the DWA. Further sampling might provide additional information in the future, particularly for Hydrobiidae in springs and caves, where detailed analyses (e.g. anatomical and genetic) are needed. Key words: Wilderness Dürrenstein, Primeval forest, Benign neglect, Non-intervention management, Mollusca, Snails, Alpine endemics. Introduction manifold species living in the wilderness area – many of them “refugees”, whose natural habitats have almost In concordance with the IUCN guidelines, research is disappeared in today’s over-cultivated landscape. mandatory for category I wilderness areas. However, it may not disturb the natural habitats and communities of the nature reserve. Research in the Dürrenstein The Dürrenstein Wilderness Area Wilderness Area (DWA) focuses on providing invento- (DWA) ries of flora and fauna, on interdisciplinary monitoring The Dürrenstein Wilderness Area (DWA) was as well as on ecological disturbances and process dynamics.
    [Show full text]
  • Studien an Clausilia Dubia DRAPARNAUD 1805 (Stylommatophora: Clausiliidae)
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Wissenschaftliche Mitteilungen Niederösterreichisches Landesmuseum Jahr/Year: 1997 Band/Volume: 10 Autor(en)/Author(s): Fellner (Frank) Christa Artikel/Article: Studien an Clausilia dubia DRAPARNAUD 1805 (Stylommatophora: Clausiliidae). (N.F. 417) 163-189 ©Amt der Niederösterreichischen Landesregierung,, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Wiss. Mitt. Niederösterr. Landesmuseum 10 163 - 189 Wien 1997 Studien an Clausilia dubia DRAPARNAUD 1805 (Stylommatophora: Clausiliidae) CHRISTA FRANK Schlüsselwörter: Clausilia dubia, Pleistozän, subspezifische Gliederung Keywords: Clausilia dubia, Pleistocene, subspecific differentation Zusammenfassung Das pleistozäne Clausilia dwb/a-Material aus Höhlenfundstellen und Freiland- vorkommen Österreichs wird zum Anlaß genommen, die Frage nach der gegen- wärtigen reichen subspezifischen Gliederung dieser Art erneut aufzugreifen. Für die Aufgliederung der Linien dubia dubia und dubia speciosa muß der letzte Käl- tehöhepunkt der Würmvereisung auslösend gewesen sein. Die Vorläufer von Clausilia dubia dubia und Clausilia dubia speciosa zeigen morphologische Paral- lelen zu den Formen ostösterreichischer Lößfaunen, aus denen auch Clausilia dubia obsoleta hervorgegangen sein muß. Wenn die Beziehungen der beiden ersteren zueinander auch sehr eng sind, sollten doch alle drei Linien als eine Ein- heit angesehen werden. Summary The abundant pleistocene material of Clausilia dubia from different cave and loess localities in Austria made it possible to study its present subspecific dif- ferentiation. Presumably the last pleniglacial period of the alpine Wurmian glacia- tion induced the development of the two lines Clausilia dubia dubia and Clau- silia dubia speciosa. The ancestor forms of Clausilia dubia dubia and Clausilia dubia speciosa show morphological similarities to these dubia specimens which occur in a lot of loess localities in Eastern Austria.
    [Show full text]
  • Draft Carpathian Red List of Forest Habitats
    CARPATHIAN RED LIST OF FOREST HABITATS AND SPECIES CARPATHIAN LIST OF INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES (DRAFT) PUBLISHED BY THE STATE NATURE CONSERVANCY OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC 2014 zzbornik_cervenebornik_cervene zzoznamy.inddoznamy.indd 1 227.8.20147.8.2014 222:36:052:36:05 © Štátna ochrana prírody Slovenskej republiky, 2014 Editor: Ján Kadlečík Available from: Štátna ochrana prírody SR Tajovského 28B 974 01 Banská Bystrica Slovakia ISBN 978-80-89310-81-4 Program švajčiarsko-slovenskej spolupráce Swiss-Slovak Cooperation Programme Slovenská republika This publication was elaborated within BioREGIO Carpathians project supported by South East Europe Programme and was fi nanced by a Swiss-Slovak project supported by the Swiss Contribution to the enlarged European Union and Carpathian Wetlands Initiative. zzbornik_cervenebornik_cervene zzoznamy.inddoznamy.indd 2 115.9.20145.9.2014 223:10:123:10:12 Table of contents Draft Red Lists of Threatened Carpathian Habitats and Species and Carpathian List of Invasive Alien Species . 5 Draft Carpathian Red List of Forest Habitats . 20 Red List of Vascular Plants of the Carpathians . 44 Draft Carpathian Red List of Molluscs (Mollusca) . 106 Red List of Spiders (Araneae) of the Carpathian Mts. 118 Draft Red List of Dragonfl ies (Odonata) of the Carpathians . 172 Red List of Grasshoppers, Bush-crickets and Crickets (Orthoptera) of the Carpathian Mountains . 186 Draft Red List of Butterfl ies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of the Carpathian Mts. 200 Draft Carpathian Red List of Fish and Lamprey Species . 203 Draft Carpathian Red List of Threatened Amphibians (Lissamphibia) . 209 Draft Carpathian Red List of Threatened Reptiles (Reptilia) . 214 Draft Carpathian Red List of Birds (Aves). 217 Draft Carpathian Red List of Threatened Mammals (Mammalia) .
    [Show full text]
  • Presencia De Balea Heydeni Von Maltzan, 1881 (Gastropoda
    Spira 6 (2016) 91–93 http://www.molluscat.com/spira.html Presencia de Balea heydeni von Maltzan, 1881 (Gastropoda: Clausiliidae) en Cantabria Jesús Ruiz Cobo1 & Sergio Quiñonero Salgado2,* 1Grupo de Espeleología e Investigaciones Subterráneas Carballo­Raba, c/ Alcalde Arche s/n, 39600 Muriedas, Cantabria, Spain; 2Associació Catalana de Malacologia, Museu Blau, Plaça Leonardo da Vinci 4­5, 08019 Barcelona, Spain. Rebut el 5 de juliol de 2016 Acceptat el 2 d’octubre de 2016 © Associació Catalana de Malacologia (2016) Balea heydeni von Maltzan, 1881 es un molusco gasterópodo guignat, 1857 como un sinónimo de B. heydeni que tendría priori­ terrestre, perteneciente a la familia Clausiliidae, distribuido por dad. Sin embargo, por las razones aducidas por Gittenberger (2010) y buena parte del suroeste de Europa (Cadevall & Orozco, 2016). En Bank (2011), consideramos que el nombre correcto es Balea lucifuga España se conoce su presencia en Galicia y Asturias (Gittenberger Gray, 1824 (con distinta autoría), y que éste debe considerarse un et al., 2006; Martinez­Ortí, 2006; Cadevall & Orozco, 2016). Aunque sinónimo posterior de Balea perversa. en Cantabria se ha citado Balea perversa (Linnaeus, 1758) (Altonaga Damos a conocer aquí la presencia de B. heydeni en las siguien­ et al., 1994; Cadevall & Orozco, 2016), a pesar de disponerse de un tes 18 localidades de Cantabria (Figuras 1–2). En todas ellas se en­ buen número de muestreos distribuidos por Cantabria, no hemos lo­ contraron conchas vacías en buen estado de conservación. Son las calizado esta especie. Todos los ejemplares del género Balea J.E Gray, siguientes, ordenadas aproximadamente de oeste a este: 1824 recolectados corresponden a B.
    [Show full text]
  • Folk Taxonomy, Nomenclature, Medicinal and Other Uses, Folklore, and Nature Conservation Viktor Ulicsni1* , Ingvar Svanberg2 and Zsolt Molnár3
    Ulicsni et al. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine (2016) 12:47 DOI 10.1186/s13002-016-0118-7 RESEARCH Open Access Folk knowledge of invertebrates in Central Europe - folk taxonomy, nomenclature, medicinal and other uses, folklore, and nature conservation Viktor Ulicsni1* , Ingvar Svanberg2 and Zsolt Molnár3 Abstract Background: There is scarce information about European folk knowledge of wild invertebrate fauna. We have documented such folk knowledge in three regions, in Romania, Slovakia and Croatia. We provide a list of folk taxa, and discuss folk biological classification and nomenclature, salient features, uses, related proverbs and sayings, and conservation. Methods: We collected data among Hungarian-speaking people practising small-scale, traditional agriculture. We studied “all” invertebrate species (species groups) potentially occurring in the vicinity of the settlements. We used photos, held semi-structured interviews, and conducted picture sorting. Results: We documented 208 invertebrate folk taxa. Many species were known which have, to our knowledge, no economic significance. 36 % of the species were known to at least half of the informants. Knowledge reliability was high, although informants were sometimes prone to exaggeration. 93 % of folk taxa had their own individual names, and 90 % of the taxa were embedded in the folk taxonomy. Twenty four species were of direct use to humans (4 medicinal, 5 consumed, 11 as bait, 2 as playthings). Completely new was the discovery that the honey stomachs of black-coloured carpenter bees (Xylocopa violacea, X. valga)were consumed. 30 taxa were associated with a proverb or used for weather forecasting, or predicting harvests. Conscious ideas about conserving invertebrates only occurred with a few taxa, but informants would generally refrain from harming firebugs (Pyrrhocoris apterus), field crickets (Gryllus campestris) and most butterflies.
    [Show full text]
  • Husbandry of the Carnivorous Land Snail, Powelliphanta Augusta (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Rhytdidae)
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ResearchArchive at Victoria University of Wellington Husbandry of the Carnivorous Land Snail, Powelliphanta augusta (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Rhytdidae) By Thomas Edward Allan A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Ecological Restoration Victoria University of Wellington 2010 1 Abstract Key aspects of the captive husbandry of Powelliphanta augusta, a newly-described New Zealand land snail are investigated: how they should be managed and fed to provide individuals for release, and how a long-term captive population can be maintained as an insurance against extinction in the wild. This project arises from almost all members of this species having been brought into captivity due to their displacement in the wild by an opencast coalmine. Powelliphanta (F: Rhytididae) is a genus of endemic carnivorous snails, which includes 10 species, 27 subspecies and numerous undescribed taxa. As well as its diversity, Powelliphanta is renowned for the large size of its members (up to 90mm diameter) and their attractively-patterned shells. Most taxa are threatened due to habitat loss and predation by introduced mammalian predators. The study commences with a literature review to refine husbandry methods and to assess requirements for captive breeding of snails. From this review investigations are made into stocking densities, substrate, reproductive biology, body condition and growth of the P. augusta captive population. To determine an appropriate stocking density for P. augusta groups of six snails were kept at two densities; with either 720cm2, or 1440cm2 per group.
    [Show full text]
  • CLECOM-Liste Österreich (Austria)
    CLECOM-Liste Österreich (Austria), mit Änderungen CLECOM-Liste Österreich (Austria) Phylum Mollusca C UVIER 1795 Classis Gastropoda C UVIER 1795 Subclassis Orthogastropoda P ONDER & L INDBERG 1995 Superordo Neritaemorphi K OKEN 1896 Ordo Neritopsina C OX & K NIGHT 1960 Superfamilia Neritoidea L AMARCK 1809 Familia Neritidae L AMARCK 1809 Subfamilia Neritinae L AMARCK 1809 Genus Theodoxus M ONTFORT 1810 Subgenus Theodoxus M ONTFORT 1810 Theodoxus ( Theodoxus ) fluviatilis fluviatilis (L INNAEUS 1758) Theodoxus ( Theodoxus ) transversalis (C. P FEIFFER 1828) Theodoxus ( Theodoxus ) danubialis danubialis (C. P FEIFFER 1828) Theodoxus ( Theodoxus ) danubialis stragulatus (C. P FEIFFER 1828) Theodoxus ( Theodoxus ) prevostianus (C. P FEIFFER 1828) Superordo Caenogastropoda C OX 1960 Ordo Architaenioglossa H ALLER 1890 Superfamilia Cyclophoroidea J. E. G RAY 1847 Familia Cochlostomatidae K OBELT 1902 Genus Cochlostoma J AN 1830 Subgenus Cochlostoma J AN 1830 Cochlostoma ( Cochlostoma ) septemspirale septemspirale (R AZOUMOWSKY 1789) Cochlostoma ( Cochlostoma ) septemspirale heydenianum (C LESSIN 1879) Cochlostoma ( Cochlostoma ) henricae henricae (S TROBEL 1851) - 1 / 36 - CLECOM-Liste Österreich (Austria), mit Änderungen Cochlostoma ( Cochlostoma ) henricae huettneri (A. J. W AGNER 1897) Subgenus Turritus W ESTERLUND 1883 Cochlostoma ( Turritus ) tergestinum (W ESTERLUND 1878) Cochlostoma ( Turritus ) waldemari (A. J. W AGNER 1897) Cochlostoma ( Turritus ) nanum (W ESTERLUND 1879) Cochlostoma ( Turritus ) anomphale B OECKEL 1939 Cochlostoma ( Turritus ) gracile stussineri (A. J. W AGNER 1897) Familia Aciculidae J. E. G RAY 1850 Genus Acicula W. H ARTMANN 1821 Acicula lineata lineata (DRAPARNAUD 1801) Acicula lineolata banki B OETERS , E. G ITTENBERGER & S UBAI 1993 Genus Platyla M OQUIN -TANDON 1856 Platyla polita polita (W. H ARTMANN 1840) Platyla gracilis (C LESSIN 1877) Genus Renea G.
    [Show full text]