World Trade Organization

Annual Report 2004 2004 Annual Report WTO Members (As of 31 December 2003)

Albania Gambia , Rep. of WTO PUBLICATIONS , Kingdom of INTERNATIONAL TRADE STATISTICS 2004 Bissau Guinea, Rep. of This report provides comprehensive, statistics on trade in merchandise and commercial services for an assessment Hong Kong, of world trade flows by country, Brazil region and main product groups Darussalam or service categories. Ireland St. Kitts and Nevis Major trade developments are summarized St. Lucia and discussed in the first part of the report St. Vincent & the Grenadines in the Overview. Detailed trade statistics Central African Rep. are provided in Appendix tables. Slovak Republic 2004 China Korea, Rep. of International trade statistics Congo Kyrgyz Republic 2004 Congo, Dem. Rep. of the November 2004 Côte d’Ivoire WTO ISBN 92-870-1241-5 Lithuania Swaziland Luxembourg Price: CHF 50 Macao, China Chinese Taipei WORLD TRADE REPORT 2004 The focus of this new publication is specifically on trade policy issues, with specific chapters dealing with different aspects of a central theme. It is meant European Communities to complement the Annual Report on WTO of America activities and the annual compilation of International Trade Statistics. The World Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) Trade Report 2004 explores coherence in the linkages between trade policy, economic policy, underlying economic This report is also available in French and Spanish (Price: CHF 50.00) conditions and the institutional framework.

To order, please contact: WTO Publications World Trade Organization 154, rue de Lausanne - CH-1211 Geneva 21 Tel: (41 22) 739 52 08 - Fax: (41 22) 739 57 92 July 2004 Email: [email protected] ISBN 92-870-1240-7 ISSN 1020-4997 Price: CHF 60 ISBN 92-870-1239-3 Printed in France V-2004-3,000 TO ORDER PLEASE CONTACT: © World Trade Organization 2004 WTO Publications, 154, rue de Lausanne, 1211 Geneva 21, Switzerland Tel: (41 22) 739 52 08 Fax: (41 22) 739 57 92 Email: [email protected] Order through our On-line bookshop at www.wto.org Annual Report 2004

Foreword by the Director-General

The increasing public interest in the WTO’s work since its creation in 1995 has been matched by a growing demand for more information about the organization and the multilateral trading system. The WTO Secretariat has worked to meet this expectation by expanding its information activities to include a broader range of publications, an extensive Internet site and numerous outreach activities. Our efforts to inform and to explain the role and work of the WTO draws on the unique expertise of the WTO Secretariat, presented through research reports, periodicals and annual publications. This year we are expanding our list of annual publications to provide four reports which will present detailed information on separate aspects of the WTO and its work. The current Annual Report is published each spring as a guide and compendium covering the institutional aspects of the WTO, its regular activities, the work of WTO Members, and the Secretariat’s budget and staff. TheWorld Trade Report, published at mid- year, was launched in 2003. Its purpose is to research and analyze problems and issues which currently confront the global trading system. In the fall of each year the WTO will continue to publish its detailed compilation of International Trade Statistics. The fourth annual publication, made public at the end of each year, is my report to the General Council of the WTO to inform on developments in the international trading environment. These four annual publications constitute a comprehensive review of trade issues, developments and initiatives for each year. They are part of the WTO’s continuing efforts to work in a manner which is transparent, informative and in tune with the expectations of the public around the world.

Supachai Panitchpakdi Director-General

III

Table of Contents

Chapter One – Overview

Introduction ...... 2 Trade developments ...... 3 The Doha Development Agenda ...... 3 The Fifth Ministerial Conference ...... 5 WTO regular activity...... 6

Chapter Two – WTO activities

PART I...... 10 The Ministerial Conference...... 10 The Doha Development Agenda (DDA) ...... 12 WTO accession negotiations...... 35 Work of the General Council ...... 35 Trade in goods ...... 37 Trade in services...... 48 Trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights (TRIPS)...... 49 Resolution of trade conflicts under the WTO’s Dispute Settlement Understanding...... 49 Trade Policy Review Mechanism...... 67 Committee on Balance-of-Payments Restrictions...... 68 Committee on Regional Trade Agreements...... 68 Committee on Trade and Development ...... 70 Committee on Trade and Environment ...... 74 Committee on Budget, Finance and Administration...... 74 Plurilateral Agreements ...... 74 PART II...... 75 Cooperation with other international organizations and relations with civil society...... 75 Public information activities...... 83 Annex I – Trade Policy Review Body – Concluding remarks by the Chair of the Trade Policy Review Body ...... 84 Annex II – WTO publications ...... 99

Chapter Three – Organization, Secretariat and budget

The organization ...... 116 Secretariat ...... 118 WTO Secretariat: Divisions...... 121 WTO budget 2004 ...... 126 Main active extra-budgetary funds donated for technical cooperation and training activities ...... 131

V

List of tables, charts and boxes

Chapter Two – WTO activities

Table II.1 List of the issue areas and Facilitators ...... 11 Table II.2 Waivers under Article IX of the WTO Agreement...... 36 Table II.3 Exporters subject to initiations of countervailing investigations, 1 July 2002-30 June 2003 ...... 44 Table II.4 Summary of countervailing duty actions, 1 July 2002-30 June 2003 ...... 45 Table II.5 Summary of anti-dumping actions, 1 July 2002-30 June 2003...... 46 Table II.6 Exporters subject to two or more initiations of anti-dumping investigations, 1 July 2002-30 June 2003 . 46 Table II.7 New requests for consultations in 2003 ...... 67 Table II.8 NGO attendance at ministerial conferences...... 76 Table II.9 International intergovernmental organizations – Observer status in the WTO, as at 30 January 2004..... 78

Chapter Three – Organization, Secretariat and budget

Table III.1 Table of regular staff by nationality ...... 120 Table III.2 Distribution of staff positions within the WTO’s various divisions, 2004...... 121 Table III.3 WTO Secretariat budget for 2004...... 127 Table III.4 Budget for the Appellate Body and its Secretariat, 2004...... 127 Table III.5 Members’ contributions to the WTO budget and the budget of the Appellate Body, 2004...... 128 Table III.6 Technical assistance activity in 2004 – financial situation...... 131

VII Abbreviations and symbols

APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation ASEAN Association of South-East Asian Nations CEFTA Central European Free Trade Agreement CIS Commonwealth of Independent States ECU European currency unit EFTA European Free Trade Association EU FDI Foreign direct investment GDP Gross Domestic Product GNP Gross National Product IMF International Monetary Fund LAIA Latin American Integration Association Southern Common Market NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development TOT terms of trade UNCTAD Conference on Trade and Development c.i.f. cost, insurance and freight f.o.b. free on board n.a. not available

The following symbols are used in this publication:

... not applicable 0 figure is zero or became zero due to rounding $ United States dollars

Billion means one thousand million.

Minor discrepancies between constituent figures and totals are due to rounding.

Unless otherwise indicated, (i) all value figures are expressed in US dollars; (ii) trade figures include the intra-trade of free trade areas, customs unions, regional and other country groupings; (iii) merchandise trade figures are on a customs basis, and (iv) merchandise exports are f.o.b. and merchandise imports are c.i.f. Data for the latest year are provisional. Chapter One

OVERVIEW Overview

2 Introduction Introduction Overview participants thaneverbefore. The WTO’sparliamentarians. annualPublicSymposiumwas heldinJune attracting more upgraded itsoutreachactivitieswithanewprogramme ofspecificactivitiesfocusedon The WTO Secretariatalso briefing andinformationsessions. attend the “Geneva Week” November 2003forthe34 WTO Members andObserverswithoutmissionsinGeneva. week briefingsessionson WTO work andthestatusofnegotiationsinJuly one- The WTO Secretariatorganized two, other agenciesintechnicalassistanceactivities. World BankinsupportoftheDDAnegotiationsandalsocooperation between WTO and theIMFand Attentionwas alsofocusedonpolicycoherencebetween the WTO, 2004. and 20 Trade Policy ReviewswereconductedbetweenJanuary 2003andendofMarch Secretariat undertookover450technicalassistanceactivitiesthecourseofyear TheMembers haveinthesystemandmoreextensivemandateof WTO. WTO This isreflectiveofboththeconfidencethat brought totheGATT injustunder50years. exceededthetotalamountofdisputes settlement bodyinitsfirstnineyearsofexistence, thenumberofdisputesbroughtto WTO dispute Alsoin2003, inception in1995. join the WTO afternegotiatingaccessionunder Article XIIofthe WTO Agreement sinceits negotiations wereparticularlysignificantasthesearethefirstleast-developedcountriesto These accession the WTO anotherstepclosertobecomingatrulyuniversalorganization. theywillbecomefull WTO MembersbringingthetotalMembershipupto148and ratified, Once concludedtheiraccessionprocessesattheCancúnMinisterialConference. expansion ofworldtrade andsustainedglobaleconomicgrowth. conclusion totheDohaDevelopment Agenda couldcontributetoastrongerandmoreeven a successful particularlyinsome regions, climate was lookinghealthierattheendof2003, Whilethegeneral economic all leadershipatthehighestpoliticallevelsfromMembers. flexibilityandabove negotiating positionstofindabalancedpackagewillrequirecreativity, Bridginggapsbetween spirit thatMembersmusttake thenegotiationsforward in2004. Itisinthis ability of WTO Members tofindcompromiseways forward ondifficultissues. made towards gettingtheDDAbackontrack. thekey issuesbecameclearerandprogresshasbeen not bringaboutamajorbreakthrough, WhiletheDecemberCouncil meetingdid December toenableMembersmoveforward. withtheaimoftakingactionnecessarybymid- auspices oftheGeneral Council, itwas agreedthatconsultationsshouldcontinueunder the Instead, 1 January 2005. framework forguidingthenegotiationstoaconclusionbymandateddeadlineof agreement duringthisshortperiodoftimeonanagreedtextwhichwouldserveasa wereunabletoreach however, Ministers, including indifficultandpoliticallysensitiveareas. being missed. deadlines inagricultural andnon-agricultural market accessandondisputesettlement withimportantspring negotiations didnotmoveforward asfarorfastanticipated, ingeneral the compulsory licensingprovisionsinthe However, WTO’s TRIPS Agreement. make useofthe capacity tomanufacturedrugscrucialforaddressingpublichealthcrises, lackingthe historic dealonaccesstoessentialmedicineswhichshouldhelppoorcountries, Onemajorachievementwas an board inbringingMembers’positionsclosertogether. Significantprogresswas madeacrossthe Mexicofrom10to14September2003. Cancún, negotiations inpreparation forthe WTO’s FifthMinisterialConferencewhichtookplacein (DDA). disappointments forthemultilateral trading systemandfortheDohaDevelopment Agenda Representatives frominterestedregionaleconomicorganizationswere alsoinvitedto T eua okotieo h eoitosporse eli 03 Cambodiaand WTO regularwork outsideofthenegotiationsprogressedwellin2003. The historic Agreement on TRIPS andPublicHealthwas acleardemonstration ofthe the WTO’sLikewise, FifthMinisterialConferenceproducedsomesignificantadvances, The firsteightmonthsof2003sawveryintensiveworkonallareastheDDA The year2003hasbeenmarked byimportantachievementsaswellsome Trade developments The DohaDevelopment Agenda to $1.8trillionin2003. merchandise trade toexpandfasterthantrade incommercialserviceswhichwas upby12% Highercommodity pricesareonefactorwhichcaused the EUandUnitedStates. aheadofJapan andonlybehind became thethirdlargestmerchandiseimporterinworld, China Asimportssurgedby40%, developments of2003was thesharpriseofChina’s trade. Oneoftheoutstanding duetodollarpricechanges. however, thirds ofthisincreaseis, Morethantwo merchandise exportsroseby16%toanewrecordlevelof$7.3trillion. World higher commodityprices(inparticularfuels)andexchangerate developments. in Africa in2003. The oilexportingcountrieshavebeenthemostdynamictraders merchandise trade in2003. recovered stronglyin Africa andareestimatedtohaveexpandedevenfasterthanworld bothexportsandimports Incontrast, Mexicoand Venezuela). Brazil, economies (i.e. while importsrecoveredonlymarginallyduetothesluggishnessofregion’s major risingasmuchtheworldaverage, exports benefitedfromtheglobaltrade expansion, Latin America’s Western Europehadatrade growthof1%. its nearlystagnatingeconomy, Linked to leadingtoawideningofanalreadylargetrade deficit. twice asfastitsexports, North America’s importsrosesomewhatfasterthanworldtrade and digit rates in2003. Realmerchandiseexportsandimportsoftheseregionsroseatdouble- average GDPgrowth. average rate of6.5%recordedinthe1990s. itremainedwellbelowthe trade expansionin2003exceededthatoftheprecedingyear, Althoughthe inrealterms. GDP andworldtrade expandedby2.5%and4.5%respectively, World largelyduetodevelopmentsinEast Asia andtheUnitedStates. in thesecondhalf, decided tofocusinsteadonpreparing thegroundforMinisterstoagreeatCancúnona Howevertherewas noagreementonthisand Membersthen inMarch2003. the Members, ashehadbeenmandated todoby negotiations preparedadraft detailedmodalitiespaper, thechairof Inagriculture, delegations tothisnegotiatinggroup sinceFebruary 2002. 67papershavebeensubmitted by Overall, of theGeneral Council onhisownresponsibility. a suggestedinputfortheDraft CancúnMinisterialtextthatwas submitted bytheChairman Furtherconsultationswerealsomadeon led himtosubmitarevisedversionon19 August. tabledbytheChairon16May, elements ofmodalitiesforbothtariffsandnon-tariffbarriers, continued intherun-uptoFifthMinisterialConference. Intensiveconsultationsinbothareas Members wereunabletomeetthesedeadlines. andinspiteofprogressanumberareas, Unfortunately, those modalitiesby31May. possible outlineofmodalitiesbytheendMarchwithaviewtoreaching agreementon theobjectivewas toreachacommonunderstandingon agricultural market access, Intheareaofnon- export competitionanddomesticsupportby31March. market access, important stepsinalongernegotiatingprocess. theyare While manyoffersleavescopeforfurtherimprovement, reforms incoresectors. efficiency enhancing throughexternalpolicybindings, opportunity toadvance andsecure, This suggeststhatMembersareseekingtocapitalizeonthenegotiationsasan inputs. transport andbusinessservicesthatprovideeconomy-wide telecommunications, insurance, includingbanking, many offersfocusonimportantsectors, Apartfromtourism, year-end. atotalof40offers (covering 54Members)hadbeenreceivedby submitted bythatdate, with12offers Despitearelativelyslowstart, in theservicesnegotiationsby31March2003. agricultureandnon-agricultural market access. services; deadlines setinallthreeareas: negotiations andtodiscusslinkagesbetweenissues. February toJuly2003andprovidedausefulforumforMemberstake anoverviewofthe The TNC metonamonthlybasisintheperiod under theauthorityofGeneral Council. isresponsiblefortheoverall conductofthenegotiations, chaired bytheDirector-General, Nominal dollartrade flowswerefarmorebuoyant thanrealtrade duetotheimpactof Asia andthetransition economiesrecordedboththestrongesttrade growthandabove- globaloutputandtrade accelerated After thelacklustregrowthoffirsthalf2003, nteae fnnarclua aktacs,subsequentdiscussionsonthedraft In theareaofnon-agricultural market access, theobjectivewas toestablish modalities forcommitmentsintheareasof In agriculture, Members weremandatedtosubmittheirinitialoffersofneworimprovedcommitments Market accessissueswerethefocusofattentioninearlypartyearwith The TradeThe year2003was animportantonefortheDDA. NegotiationsCommittee, 3 Overview The Doha Development Agenda framework for the subsequent development of detailed modalities. The European Communities and the United States made a contribution to this process by submitting a joint framework paper. This triggered a wave of proposals by other delegations, starting with a paper by a newly formed coalition of developing countries – today known as the . These submissions served as a basis for consultations conducted by the Chair of the General Council and eventually resulted in the draft Ministerial text on agriculture submitted by the Chairman, on his own responsibility, for consideration at Cancún. In the rules negotiations the Chairman was able to report to the Trade Negotiations Committee in July, his sense that the greater part of the issues in the area of anti-dumping and subsidies and countervailing measures had been identified, and that discussions would, after the Cancún Ministerial Conference, need to shift from identifying issues to seeking solutions. Discussions also focused on improvements to transparency in regional trade agreements. Consideration was given to specific submissions by participants and furthering of work on “systemic issues”. Negotiations on special and differential treatment, of great interest to many developing countries, took a step forward with agreement by Members to make recommendations for a Overview Agenda The Doha Development possible adoption at Cancún of a package of 28 proposals. Even though these recommendations have yet to be adopted, the dedicated work carried out, both in the Special Session of the Committee on Trade and Development and by the Chairman of the General Council has helped to further the overall debate on the importance of trade and development issues and ways to help developing countries better integrate in to the multilateral trading system. Members continued to submit proposals on the four Singapore issues in each of the respective Working Groups on transparency in government procurement, investment and competition policy, and in the Council for Trade in Goods on trade facilitation. Differences were voiced about the extent to which it would be desirable for the WTO to engage in rule- making in some of these areas and the extent to which any rules that WTO might negotiate should be binding. Some delegations believed that outstanding differences could only be resolved through negotiations themselves, while some others felt that greater clarity was needed before negotiations could be launched. Following the Cancún Ministerial meeting more flexibility was shown by some Members, but there has yet to be final agreement on the treatment of these issues. In 2003, discussions on trade and environment also advanced. The Committee on Trade and Environment Special Session continued to examine all three components of its DDA mandate. The relationship between the WTO rules and the specific trade obligations in multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) was discussed. Various avenues for greater information exchange and cooperation between the WTO, MEAs and UNEP were explored, and some criteria for the granting of observer status advanced. On the liberalization of environmental goods and services, the CTE Special Session continued to carry out its mandate in cooperation with the Services Council Special Session and the Negotiating Group on Non-Agricultural Market Access. The Secretariat organized, in cooperation with UNEP, UNCTAD and a number of MEAs, regional seminars for government officials on trade, environment and sustainable development. The negotiations to improve and clarify the Dispute Settlement Understanding were mandated to be concluded no later than May 2003. On 24 July 2003, acknowledging that the DSB special session needed more time to conclude its work, the General Council agreed to extend the special session’s timeframe to May 2004. One of the main areas of discussion amongst Members has been the issue of the implementation of the DSB’s recommendations and rulings following the adoption of a panel and/or Appellate Body report. While it is true that in all such instances, Members have either already complied with or have expressed their intention to comply with these recommendations and rulings, it is worth noting that compliance has in several cases still not occurred (primarily due to legislative delays or inaction where the underlying WTO-inconsistent measure is a statutory provision) and in other cases has only occurred after very lengthy delays on the part of the implementing Member. Moreover, developing countries have complained that it has been difficult for them, in certain circumstances, to ensure compliance with DSB recommendations on the part of larger trading partners given that developing countries have little effective economic leverage that they can apply in such cases (even where retaliation has been authorized by the DSB).

4 The Fifth Ministerial Conference

Preparatory process for the Fifth Session of the Ministerial Conference

The preparatory work for the Fifth Session was focused on laying the ground for the tasks Ministers were to undertake in Cancún as set out in the Doha Ministerial Declaration. These tasks included taking stock of progress in the negotiations, providing any necessary political guidance and taking decisions as necessary. Ministers were mandated to consider reports from various WTO bodies and the Director-General, and take decisions by explicit consensus on modalities of negotiations on the Singapore issues. Ministers were also to set the roadmap to conclude the Round within the remaining fifteen-and-a-half months. The aim of the preparatory work was thus to make as much substantive progress as possible, in order to enable Ministers to focus on key outstanding issues. Substantive preparations for the Fifth Session were undertaken in a series of informal Overview The Fifth Ministerial Conference Heads of Delegations (HODs) meetings convened jointly by the General Council Chairman and the Director-General starting in May. Within this structure, discussion on inputs for an eventual package for Ministers in Cancún started in earnest in June with consideration of a Checklist of Issues circulated by the Chairman. This consultative process continued and complemented the formal consideration of the evolution of this text, and was aimed at maximum transparency and inclusiveness. On the basis of these consultations, the General Council Chairman, on his own responsibility and in close cooperation with the Director-General, circulated a first draft of a Ministerial text, which was formally considered by the General Council in July. The aim of this text was to facilitate Members’ further consideration of substantive inputs to Ministers at Cancún. It was understood that the text did not purport to be agreed in any part and was without prejudice to any delegation’s position on any issue. Also in July, the two streams of work – in the negotiating framework under the overall supervision of the TNC, and the other elements of the work programme under the overall supervision of the General Council – came together, and from that point on, all substantive preparatory work was focused in the General Council. A revised draft Ministerial text was discussed at length over several days at the General Council meeting in August, and subsequently forwarded under the Chairman’s own responsibility to the Fifth Session. As stated in the covering letter transmitting the draft text to Ministers for consideration at the Fifth Session, the text was the General Council Chairman’s and Director-General’s best judgement of what could constitute a workable framework for action by Ministers, and was the product of lengthy and intensive consultations conducted in a transparent and inclusive way. To assist the work of Ministers, the letter described briefly the differences dividing Members in key areas: agriculture, non-agricultural market access, Singapore issues, special and differential treatment, implementation, and cotton. In August, the General Council also considered and forwarded to Ministers in Cancún reports from all of the relevant bodies on matters under the Doha Development Agenda (DDA). Members also discussed a proposal by Benin on behalf of Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad and Mali regarding specific measures in favour of cotton, and agreed that it would form part of Ministers’ deliberations in Cancún as part of the formal Agenda of the Conference. Results of the Fifth Session

Over the course of over five days of intensive consultative work, Ministers made considerable progress towards fulfilling the Doha mandates. However, as they stated in their joint Ministerial Statement at the end of the Conference, more work needed to be done in some key areas to enable them to proceed towards the conclusion of the negotiations in fulfilment of the commitments taken at Doha. They therefore instructed their officials to continue working on outstanding issues with a renewed sense of urgency and purpose, and taking fully into account all the views expressed in the Conference. They also asked the Chairman of the General Council, working in close cooperation with the Director-General, to coordinate this work and to convene a meeting of the General Council at Senior Officials level no later than 15 December 2003 to take the action necessary at that stage to enable them to move towards a successful and timely conclusion of the negotiations. Progress since the Fifth Session

In response to the mandate set out by Ministers in Cancún, the Chairman of the General Council, in close cooperation with the Director-General, conducted intensive consultations in

5 Overview

6 WTO regular activity WTO regular activity Dispute settlement and torecaptureasenseofurgency. andatranslation oftheseintonewnegotiatingpositions, commitment andengagement, thereisaneedtoclosethegapbetweenexpressionsofflexibility, However, on track. the key issuesbecameclearerandprogresshasbeenmadetowards gettingtheRoundback multilateral processandasharedwilltogetbackontrack. fullsupportandstrongcommitmenttothe the needforflexibilitytoachieveprogress, elsewhere tocomplementtheCouncilChairman’s effortsinGeneva revealedarecognitionof negotiations. carry outitsDohamandatetosupervisetheprogressandoverall conductofthe andthatthe TNC shouldbereactivated to elements thathademergedatandsinceCancún, the reportthatallofDDAbodiesshouldresumetheirworkearlyin2004tobuildon The General Councilagreedtotherecommendationin of theotherissueswithinDDA. while stressingthattheinitialfocusonthesefourareasinnoway lessened theimportance Their reportidentifiedkey issuesforfurtherworkineachofthefourareas, common ground. negotiation ormovementtowards accommodationamongpositionsorsearchingfor therehadbeenlittlereal while theconsultationshadindicatedaconstructivespirit, Members informed. withaspecialeffortmade tokeep all agricultural market accessandtheSingaporeissues, non- cotton, agriculture, namely, took upinturneachoffourkey outstandingissues, process forward. withtheaimofmoving bothinGeneva andincapitals, the autumnwithMembers, Technical assistanceandcapacitybuilding Joint Integrated Technical Assistance Programme toSelectedLeastDeveloped andother andthe the Integrated Framework forLeast-Developed Countries(IF), joint programmes: Importantprogresswas madein2003 in twokey WTO andotherinternationalagencies. designed toenhancesustainability. andacademicpartnerships, research activities, including training-of-trainers, the technicalassistanceprogramme beganashifttoactivities, Inmoregeneral terms, training andanalysisbyinvolvingregionalteachers academics. butalsotodeveloplocalcapacity for to provideintensivetraining inallaspectsofthe WTO, The aimofthesecourseswas not only courses heldformanyyearsinGeneva was continued. The initiativetoreplicateregionallythehighlysuccessfultrade policy the courseofyear. This enabledthe WTOa trustfundfortechnicalassistance. toundertake 451 activitiesover development andpovertyreduction. Trade-related technicalassistanceisinscribed inthecontextofoverall goalsofeconomic – definingtheirinterestsandunderstandingtheimplicationsofproposals byotherplayers. andtoparticipatefullyinthenegotiations of membershipinthemultilateral trading system, toreapthebenefits all countriesneedinordertoexercisetheir WTO rightsandobligations, This isinrecognitionoftheconsiderable expertise capacity-building todevelopingcountries. under thenewsystem. was This thecaseunderGATT. has ledtoagreatdealofdisputesettlementactivity arefarmoreextensivethan andthereforeMembers’rights andobligations, of agreements, thatthe WTO system andsecondly, have confidenceinthe WTO disputesettlementsystem; that Membergovernments firstly, This figureemphasizestwoimportantpoints: years. 50 General Agreement on Tariffs duringitsentireexistenceofalmost and Trade (GATT), the This comparestotheroughly300disputesbroughtitspredecessor, 300 mark. under thedisputesettlementsystemsinceitscreationlessthannineyearsagopass The year2003sawthenumberofdisputesinitiated Appellate Bodyreportsin15cases. andadoptedpaneland/or receivedNoticesof Appeal in5cases, deal with19newcases, Itestablishedpanelsto theDSBreceived26formalrequestsforconsultations. During 2003, While theDecemberGeneral Councilmeetingdidnotbringaboutamajorbreakthrough, The Director-General’s intensiveprogramme ofcontactswithMinistersincapitalsand theChairmanandDirector-General reportedtotheGeneral Councilthat In December, and subsequently The consultationsfocusedinitiallyonhowtogettheprocessmoving, Regular technicalassistanceactivities continuedtobeundertaken jointlybetween the thiscommitmentwas backed bythenecessaryfinancialpledgesMembersto In 2003, The WTO againtookonahighlevelofcommitmentinprovidingtechnicalassistanceand The central workofthe WTO’s disputesettlementsystemcontinuedthroughouttheyear. African Countries (JITAP). Inter-agency cooperation in technical assistance and capacity building is to be continued and strengthened. Assistance is needed to help developing countries address supply side constraints so they are able to better benefit from opportunities arising from participation in the multilateral trading system. This involves action that goes beyond the mandate and competence of the WTO. To help donors and participants have an overall picture of technical assistance activities being provided, the OECD and WTO Secretariats have established a database which gives details of trade-related technical assistance and capacity-building activities of the various bilateral, regional, and multilateral donors. This should help to increase coordination of activities, avoid costly overlap, and ensure transparency. Coherence in international economic policy making

In furtherance of the WTO’s coherence mandate, the Director-General invited the Managing Director of the IMF, Mr. Köhler, and the President of the World Bank, Mr. Wolfensohn, to participate in a special General Council meeting on Coherence in May. Both these Agency Heads emphasized their strong support for the DDA and the contribution Overview activity regular WTO it can make to stronger economic growth and poverty reduction. The World Bank and IMF also proposed their assistance in providing financial and technical support for implementation of the Doha Round. These offers of assistance were confirmed at Cancún. In parallel, IMF and WTO staff have worked together to address the issue of the availability of adequate and affordable trade financing for developing countries, particularly in times of financial crisis. The Director General reported on the results of this joint initiative to the General Council in January 2004, and set the stage for follow up work by Members. Strengthening the WTO as an institution

In terms of accessions, the major achievement of the year 2003 was the conclusion of the accession processes of and Nepal. These were the first two LDCs to complete their accession negotiations under the procedures established in 1995 and their accession packages were adopted by Ministers at Cancún. Once ratified, they will become full WTO Members bringing the total Membership up to 148. In 2003, the WTO received two new Members, Armenia and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, whose accession negotiations were concluded in 2002. In addition a Working Party was set up to allow to effectively start its accession negotiations. In total, 27 Working Parties were active in 2003, two of which concluded their mandate before the Cancún Ministerial Conference. The WTO continued to perform its surveillance of Members’ trade policies and practices. Between January 2003 and end of March 2004, 20 Trade Policy Reviews were conducted by the Trade Policy Review Body. This exercise continues to be highly appreciated and valued by Members as one of the main elements providing transparency to trade regimes and in bringing greater understanding of, and hence providing improved adherence to, the rules and principles that underpin the multilateral trading system. Increasingly, also, the exercise has become an important element in technical cooperation and capacity building for developing countries. 2003 was also a notable year in terms of WTO relations with civil society, parliamentarians and parliamentary groupings, and international organizations. This year saw the highest level of civil society representation in the WTO’s eight year history. The WTO Public Symposium held in June was the most popular ever, attracting some 700 participants. The Symposium is now an important fixture on the yearly calendar of trade-related international events. Similarly, a record 795 NGOs and almost 1,600 of their representatives attended the Cancún Ministerial Conference in September. A new outreach programme was successfully launched which included specific activities for parliamentarians, notably regional workshops in Cape Town (for English-speaking African countries), Trinidad (for Caribbean countries), and Sao Paolo (for Latin American countries). There were also national workshops for parliamentarians conducted in St Lucia, Namibia and Moldova. WTO contacts with key parliamentary groupings such as the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) and Commonwealth Parliamentary Association (CPA) were strengthened through cooperative efforts on the outreach programme. The programme will continue in 2004. Over the course of the year, the WTO continued its active and constructive engagement with the United Nations system and other international intergovernmental organizations, including through attendance at key international conferences, participation in regular meetings of the relevant institutions, and contributions to reports prepared by these institutions.

7

Chapter Two

WTO ACTIVITIES WTO activities 10 The Ministerial Conference .TheMinisterialConference I. I PART WTO activities eu fteSxhSsin andtheelectionofofficersforthatSession. venue oftheSixthSession, General Counciltopursueconsultationsandtake decisionsonthequestionsofdateand requestedthe WTO underitems4and5oftheagenda, Ministers, are alsodescribedbelow. The actionstaken byMinistersunderitem3oftheagenda meetings inthatinformalprocess. opportunity toreviewprogressonthisissueinthecourseofHeads-of-Delegations andthattheywouldhavean taken upintheinformalconsultativeprocessdescribedbelow, Ministersnotedthat thismatterwouldbe Chad andMaliunderthesecondagendaitem, BurkinaFaso, considering thejointproposalforasectoral initiativeoncottonfromBenin, In delivered statementsunderthefirstagendaitemonoverviewof WTO activities. 13 observergovernmentsand4internationalintergovernmentalorganizations 134Members, In thecourseofformalplenarymeetingsoverfollowingthreedays, and(v)electofficerstoholdofficeuntiltheendofSixthSession. of theSixthSession; (iv)decideonthedateandvenue andtake anyotheractionsnecessary; text anddecisions, (iii)adoptaMinisterial ChadandMali; BurkinaFaso, sectoral initiativeoncottonfromBenin, (ii)considerajointproposalfor (i)review WTO activities; under whichtheyagreedto: Ministers adoptedafive-pointagendafortheConference Director-General ofthe WTO. andbythe bytheChairmanofGeneral Council, MrKofi Annan, UN Secretary-General, onbehalfofthe MrRubensRicupero, bytheSecretary-General ofUNCTAD, the Conference, bythe Chairmanof PresidentofMexico, addresses bytheHonourable Vicente Fox Quesada, andwith MinisterofForeign Affairs ofMexico, MrLuisErnestoDerbez, chairmanship ofH.E. Plenary Meetings The FifthSessionoftheMinisterialConference eeain,poedn nprle ihtefra lnr esos Inordertoorganizethe proceedingin parallel withtheformalPlenarySessions. Delegations, continued throughouttheConference –was informalopen-endedmeetingsofallHeads of The mainforumforthisprocess–which inclusive andflexiblemanner. transparent, inafully 3oftheConference, consideration andactionbyMinistersunder Agenda item principal aimoffacilitatingconsensus buildingonatextthatcouldbeputforward forformal Delegations –similartothatfollowed inGeneva inpreparation forCancún –withthe announced theorganizationofanintensiveconsultativeprocessat the levelofHeads Informal ConsultativeProcess oiy transparency ingovernmentprocurementandtrade facilitation). policy; interaction betweentrade andcompetition (relationship betweentrade andinvestment; Issues explicit consensusonmodalitiesfornegotiationsthefour “Singapore” includingdecisionsby number ofareasworkundertheDohaDevelopment Agenda (DDA), The Conferencewas alsototake decisionsandprovideguidanceina decisions asnecessary. andtake provide anynecessarypoliticalguidance, stock ofprogressinthenegotiations, itwas decidedthattheFifthSessionwouldtake AttheDohaConference, Doha in2001. body ofthe WTO betweenMinisterialConferences. theexecutive undertheresponsibilityofGeneral Council, startinginMay2003, Geneva, Preparations fortheCancúnMinisterialConferencetookplacein September2003. 14 andsettheagendaforfurtherworkasnecessary. guidance anddirectiontothatwork, providepolitical Ministerial Conferencesreviewongoingwork, once everytwoyears. andisrequiredtomeetatleast is thehighestdecision-makingbodyoforganization, The FifthSessionformallyopenedonthemorningof10Septemberunder tteedo h pnn eeoyo h ofrneo 0Spebr the Chairman September, At theendofOpeningCeremonyConferenceon10 The CancúnConferencewas settobethemid-pointofnegotiationslaunchedin from10- Mexico, The FifthSessionoftheMinisterialConferencewas heldinCancún, composedofrepresentativesalltheMembers, The MinisterialConferenceofthe WTO, This chapterprovidesanoutlineofthemainactivities WTO during2003. General wouldalsoseekinputsandadvicereporttohim. andthattheDirector- constant basisinordertogetabetterviewregardingoverall balance, The ChairmanannouncedhisintentionalsotoseekadvicefromotherMinistersona whole. andthatanydecisionscouldultimatelyonlybetaken bythemembershipasa consensus, underscored thatthetaskofFacilitators was toresolvedifferencesandthusfacilitate The Chairman andtoseektheviewsofallinterestedMinisters. issues ofparticularconcern, Facilitators wererequestedtomake themselvesavailable toalldelegationswishingraise account asappropriatetheproposalssubmittedbydelegationsbothbeforeandatCancún. takinginto to MinistersbytheChairmanofGeneral CouncilandtheDirector-General, initiative oncotton. also invitedtheDirector-General toassisthimasFacilitator withfurtherworkonthesectoral The Chairman report backtotheopen-endedHeadsofDelegationmeetingsonprogress. and on5key areas, Ministers toundertake workimmediatelyonhisbehalfas “Facilitators” theChairmanrequestedassistanceofanumber limited timeinanefficientmanner, least-developed countriestothe WTO. Ministers attheDohaMinisterial Conference tofacilitateandaccelerate theaccession of andasignificantachievementinfulfillingthecommitmentundertaken by membership, into the WTO representedanimportantfurthersteptowards thegoalofuniversal Their integration XIIoftheMarrakesh Agreement. accession procedurespursuantto Article whorepresentedthefirstleast-developed countriestohavesuccessfullycompleted Nepal, oneregardingtheKingdomofCambodiaandother decisions, much closertowhatwouldbeatrueDevelopmentRound. progress thathadbeenachievedthroughthediscussionsenabled Memberstocome notedthatthe inclosingtheConference, theChairman, the DohaDevelopment Agenda, the adoptionofdecisionsasnecessaryregardingongoing WTO workprogramme under results oftheConferencedidnotresultinprovisionnecessary politicalguidanceand Results oftheFifthSession expressed attheConference. renewed senseofurgencyandpurposetakingintofullyaccountalltheviews instructedofficialstocontinueworkingonoutstandingissueswitha described below, as and agreedonasix-paragraph MinisterialStatementputforward bytheChairmanwhich, concluded thatconsensusonseveral key issuesinthedraft Ministerialtextremainedelusive, Ministers September, ended informalHeadsofDelegationmeetingintheevening14 Atafinalopen- group ofMembersrepresentingawiderange ofregionalandothergroups. Septemberwithalarge intensive consultationsinthemorningandearlyafternoonof14 andledtofurther September, Delegation meetingwhichlastedintotheearlyhoursof14 This textwas consideredataHeadsof circulated bytheChairmanon13September. over thefollowingthreedaysandformedbasisforareviseddraft Ministerialtext te susHn ClementJames Rohee Hon. DrSupachaiPanitchpakdi Pettigrew PierreS. Hon. Sectoral InitiativeonCotton DrMukhisaKituyi H.E. Other Issues MrGeorge Yeo H.E. Facilitator Specific DevelopmentIssues Henry Ying-Yeng Mr Tang Singapore Issues Market Access Non-Agricultural Agriculture Issue List oftheissueareas andFacilitators Table II.1 The basisforworkintheinformalprocesswas theinitialdraft Ministerialtextforwarded ntecus fteCneec,o 1Spebr Ministers tooktwohistoricaccession on11September, In thecourseofConference, Whilethesubstantive The results oftheMinisterialConferencearedescribedbelow. The workintheinformalconsultativeprocessonaboveissuescontinued intensively Director-General iitro oeg rd n nentoa oprto,Guyana Minister ofForeign Trade andInternationalCooperation, KenyaMinister of Trade andIndustry, Canada Minister forInternational Trade, China HongKong, Financial Secretary, Singapore Minister for Trade andIndustry, 11 WTO activities The Ministerial Conference WTO activities 12 The Doha Development Agenda (DDA) 1 TheDohaDevelopment Agenda (DDA) II. be foundindocument WT/MIN(03)/20. The fulltextoftheMinisterial Statementcan rgam o h T o h oigyas tasked theGeneral Councilwithtaking programme forthe WTO for the comingyears, and Preparations fortheFifthSession Matters resulting from theFourth Sessionof the MinisterialConference Work of theGeneral CouncilontheDohaDevelopment Agenda WTO councilsandcommittees. Otherworkunderthe workprogramme takes place inother authority oftheGeneral Council. The Tradeindividual negotiatingsubjects. Negotiations Committee(TNC)operates underthe whichinturnassignedittocreate subsidiary negotiatingbodiestohandle Doha Declaration, September 2003. 10-14 Mexico, Progress was tobereviewedattheFifthMinisterialConferenceinCancún, bytheFifthMinisterialConferencein2003. of geographical indicationsforwinesandspirits, those onamultilateral register Dispute SettlementUnderstandingaretoendinMay2004; undisclosed informationwithrespecttopharmaceuticalproducts. least-developed countriesinregardtotheprotectionandenforcementofpatents itprovidesforanextensionuntil2016ofthetransition periodfor Inaddition, importation. inparticularcompulsorylicensingandparallel forms offlexibilityavailable inthe Agreement, The Declaration includesanumberofimportantclarificationssomethe public health. interpreted andimplementedinamannersupportiveof WTO Members’righttoprotect Itmakes clearthatthe TRIPS Agreement shouldbe which provideflexibilityforthispurpose. reaffirms therightofMemberstousefullprovisions TRIPS Agreement not andshouldpreventMembersfromtakingmeasurestoprotectpublichealth The Declaration emphasizesthat the TRIPS Agreement foraccesstodrugs. Agreement does in responsetotheconcernsexpressedaboutpossibleimplicationsof TRIPS countries inthisareaofactivity. onassistingdeveloping asamatterofpriority, that WTO technicalassistance shouldfocus, Ministersfurtherdirected programme ofthe WTO assetoutintheMinisterialDeclaration. remaining implementationissueswouldbeaddressedinthecourseoffuturework address anumberoftheconcernsraised bydeveloping-countryMembersandagreedthat Ministerstookimmediateactionto UndertheDecision, the multilateral trading system. andtofacilitatetheiractiveparticipation inthe WTO andfullerintegration into Agreements, regarding theirexperiencewiththeimplementationandoperation ofexisting WTO represented asignificantandcredibleefforttoaddresstheconcernsofdevelopingcountries membership ofthe WTO. designed toaddressthechallengesfacingtrading systemandinterestofthediverse agriculture andserviceswhichstartedin2000–aswellotheractivitiesdecisions incorporates bothexpandednegotiations–goingbeyondthemandatedin calledtheDohaDevelopment Agenda, Thisthe workprogramme, WTO forthecomingyears. MinistersadoptedaMinisterialDeclaration settingoutabroadworkprogramme for 2001. and recommittedthemselvestoworkingimplementthemfullyfaithfully. MinistersreaffirmedalltheDohaDeclarations andDecisions Notwithstanding thissetback, convergence wouldbemaintainedwhileworkingforanacceptableoverall outcome. that inthoseareaswhereahighlevelofconvergenceontextshadbeenreached, that, andfurther into thenewphaseallvaluable workthathadbeendoneattheConference, Ministers undertooktobring towards asuccessfulandtimelyconclusionofthenegotiations. December2003totake theactionnecessaryat thatstagetoenableMembersmove 15 to conveneameetingoftheGeneral CouncilatSeniorOfficialslevelnolaterthan tocoordinatethisworkand workinginclosecooperation withtheDirector-General, Council, Ministers furtherasked theChairmanofGeneral account alltheviewsatConference. outstanding issueswitharenewedsenseofurgencyandpurposetakingfullyinto andinstructedtheirofficialstocontinueworkingon commitments undertaken atDoha, enable Memberstoproceedtowards theconclusionofnegotiations infulfilmentofthe inwhichtheynotedthatmoreworkneededtobedonesomekey areasto Statement, iitr tDh nNvme 01 inagreeingtoabroadandbalancedwork Ministers atDohainNovember2001, The negotiations take placeina Trade NegotiationsCommitteewhichwas setupbythe Negotiationsonthe The negotiations shouldbeconcludednolaterthan1January 2005. A Declaration onthe TRIPS Agreement andPublicHealthwas alsoadoptedbyMinisters, Ministers alsoadoptedaDecisiononImplementation-RelatedIssuesandConcernswhich from9to14November Qatar, The Fourth WTO MinisterialConferencewas heldinDoha, Ministers adoptedajointMinisterial At thecloseofConferenceon14September, 1 specific actions to implement elements of the work programme and to oversee their operation and progress. Ministers also instructed that in addition to the negotiating elements, high priority should also be accorded to the elements of the work programme which did not involve negotiation. These were to be pursued under the overall supervision of the General Council with a progress report submitted to the Fifth Session of the Ministerial Conference. As part of specific actions to follow up on the Doha work programme and Ministers’ directives, the General Council in August 2003 reached an important and historic Decision on an issue outstanding since December 2002 to ensure that all WTO Members – those with little or no manufacturing capacity in the pharmaceutical sector as well as those with such capacity – would be able to use to the full the flexibilities contained in the TRIPS Agreement to protect public health and, in particular, to promote access to medicines for all, as reaffirmed by the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health. This Decision was part of wider national and international action to address the public health problems as recognized in paragraph 1 of the Doha Declaration, and was widely seen as a landmark step in contributing towards the alleviation of specific humanitarian crises in certain regions of the world, in particular in Africa. With regard to issues and concerns raised by Members concerning implementation of existing WTO agreements, Ministers at Doha, inter alia, mandated specific action to a number of WTO bodies by way of concrete follow-up, directing many of them to report to the General Council at various times in 2002. As part of its follow-up function in this area, the General Council in 2003 considered further reports from the Committee on Agriculture – including with regard to implementation of the Marrakesh Ministerial Decision on Least- developed and Net Food-Importing Developing Countries – the Committee on Customs Valuation and the Committee on Trade and Development (CTD) in Special Session on implementation-related issues and concerns referred to them. With regard to the review of special and differential treatment provisions in WTO Agreements – which Ministers at Doha mandated should be reviewed with a view to strengthening them and making them more precise, operational and effective – the General Council undertook considerable efforts to further the work already undertaken in the CTD in Special Session following the Committee’s report in February 2003, with the aim of putting in place a package of results, including with regard to further work on outstanding issues, for consideration and action by Ministers at Cancún. As regards the harmonization work programme in the rules of origin area, in view of the technically complex and politically important issues that remain to be considered, the General Council extended to July 2004 the deadline for completion of negotiations on core policy issues. Work on these issues is continuing in consultations conducted by the Chairman of the Committee on Rules of Origin, at the request and on behalf of the General Council activities WTO Agenda (DDA) The Doha Development Chair. Following resolution of the core policy issues, the WTO Committee on Rules of Origin will complete the remaining technical work by 31 December 2004. In May 2003, at the request of one delegation, the General Council considered an item relating to the review of progress on implementation issues referred to WTO bodies under the Doha Decision on Implementation-related Issues and Concerns. At the Chairman’s suggestion, made in the light of the discussion, the Secretariat subsequently circulated a Note showing the status of these issues, which can be found in document WT/GC/W/500. Under institutional arrangements agreed in October 2002 for the Work Programme on Electronic Commerce – namely, that the Councils for Trade in Services, Trade in Goods and TRIPS, and the CTD would examine and report to the General Council on aspects of electronic commerce relevant to their respective areas of competence, and that the General Council would play a central role in the entire process, keep the work programme under continuous review and consider any trade-related issue of a cross-cutting nature – the General Council held two Dedicated Discussions on cross-cutting issues related to electronic commerce, and in July considered reports from subsidiary bodies on their examination of aspects of electronic commerce related to their areas of work. The General Council also continued to keep under review the Work Programme on Small Economies which, under the framework and procedures agreed in 2002, has been undertaken in dedicated sessions of the Committee on Trade and Development and is a standing item on the Council’s agenda. The General Council continued to keep under regular review the work of the TNC under a standing item on its agenda. In the light of earlier discussions in the TNC, and consultations conducted by the Chairman, the General Council in July agreed that the timeframe for conclusion of the negotiations on clarifications and improvements of the Dispute Settlement Understanding be extended by one year, i.e., to aim to conclude the work by May 2004. The General Council also reviewed a number of reports mandated at Doha for submission and consideration by Ministers at Cancún from subsidiary bodies and from the Director-General on all issues affecting LDCs, as well as on the implementation and adequacy of the technical cooperation and capacity-building commitments in the Doha Ministerial Declaration, which were forwarded to Ministers at Cancún.

13 WTO activities 14 The Doha Development Agenda (DDA) suswr uhcerradpsil ouin eeas eoigvsbe butthatmoving issues weremuchclearerandpossible solutionswerealsobecomingvisible, The reportconcludedthatMembers hadreachedapointwherethekey TNC’s mandate. would continuetomaintainoversight ofthoseaspectstheDDAwhichfelloutside togetherwith theDirector-General, The nextCouncilChairman, dimension oftheRound. andespeciallytothedevelopment the workthathadbeensuspended sinceCancún, butalsotogive renewedmomentumto not onlytoensuretransparency andinclusiveness, Reactivating allthebodieswas essential progress andoverall conductofthenegotiations. and thatthe TNC shouldbereactivated tocarryoutitsDohamandate tosupervizethe their workearlyin2004tobuildontheelementsthathademerged atandsinceCancún, thereportrecommendedthatallofDDAbodiesshouldresume these andotherissues, Regardingfurtherworkon inlinewiththeDohamandates. need fullattentionin2004, whichwould the importanceofotherspecificdevelopment-relatedissueswithin the DDA, and way lessenedtheimportanceofotherissueswithinDohaDevelopment Agenda, whilestressingthattheinitialfocusonthesefourareasinno work ineachofthefourareas, sense ofurgency. withalackofany ontheother, manifestation ofthosestatementsinnegotiatingpositions, andany concrete ontheonehand, generalized statementsofcommitmentandflexibility, butalsobetween notonlyamongpositions, Gaps remainedwide, exceptions. withsome limitedbutwelcome orsearchingforcommonground, among positions, therehadbeenlittlerealnegotiationormovementtowards accommodation however, Onthenegativeside, which hadprovidedaclearersenseofpossibleways forward. andclarification progressinanumberofareas, interactive exchangesonsubstantiveissues, therehadbeen Onthepositiveside, persisting difficultieshadbecomemoreapparent. the althoughasdelegationshadgonedeeperintosubstance, spirit andagoodatmosphere, theconsultationshadindicatedaconstructive overall, General CouncilinDecemberthat, theChairmanandDirector-General reportedtothe Onthisbasis, constituencies. consult regularlywithco-ordinatorsofvarious groupssotheyinturncouldreporttotheir Aparticulareffortwas madeto of thecommitmenttotransparency andinclusiveness. inpursuit Aspecialeffortwas madetokeep allMembersinformed, non-resident Members. andwith regionalgroupingsandothergroups, consultations withindividualdelegations, Non-Agricultural Market Access andtheSingaporeIssuesinanintensiveseriesof Cotton, namely Agriculture, subsequently tookupinturneachoffourkey outstandingissues, and Initialconsultationsfocusedonhowtomovetheprocessforward, of themembership. andmetwiththewidestpossiblerange bothinGeneva aswellincapitals, Governments, conductedanintensiveroundofconsultationsintheautumnwithMember General, inclosecooperation withtheDirector- theChairmanofGeneral Council, Cancún, Follow-up totheFifth Session Session oftheMinisterialConference. relevant bodiesonmattersundertheDohaDevelopment Agenda (DDA)agreedattheFourth General Councilconsideredandforwarded toMinistersinCancúnreportsfromallofthe the Alsoinpreparation fortheFifthSession, from theGeneral Councilandsubsidiarybodies. aswellannualreports bodies onmattersundertheDohaDevelopment Agenda (DDA), Council consideredandforwarded toMinistersatCancúnreportsfrom alloftherelevant theGeneral Alsoinpreparation fortheFifthSession, Fifth SessionandconsideredatCancún. includedasanitemontheformal Agenda ofthe at theirrequest, was, Governments above, asraised bythefourco-sponsor question ofasectoral initiativeinfavourofcotton, The concerning specificmeasuresinfavourofcottonwithaviewtopovertyalleviation. ChadandMalicontainingadraft Decision BurkinaFaso, Benin onbehalfofBenin, theGeneral Councilalsoconsideredasubmissionfrom the courseofitspreparatory work, In forfurtherconsideration byMinisters. own responsibilitytogetherwithacoveringletter, totheFifthSessionunderChairman’s unchanged, thetextwas forwarded, discussions, Afterlengthy andarevisedtextin August. formally consideredbytheGeneral CouncilinJuly, was Chairman onhisownresponsibilityandinclosecooperation withtheDirector-General, circulatedbytheGeneral Council a firstdraft ofaMinisterialtext, these discussions, Onthebasisof conductedininformalmeetingsofHeadsDelegations. General Council, allsubstantivepreparatory workwas focusedinthe andfromthatpointon, together, twostreamsofwork–inthe TNC andintheGeneral Council–came InJuly, the Chairman. consideration –atthelevelofHeadsDelegationsaChecklistIssuescirculatedby Discussion onsubstantivematterstobetaken upattheSessionbeganinJunewith ItalsoelectedtheChairpersonand Vice-Chairs fortheSession. NGOs attheSession. andtheattendanceof Governments andInternationalIntergovernmentalOrganizations, General CouncilinFebruary tookdecisionsregardingtheparticipationofobserver nterrpr,theChairmanandDirector-General identifiedkey issuesforfurther In theirreport, In pursuanceofthemandatefromMinistersintheirjointMinisterialStatementat spr ftepeaain o h it eso fteMnseilCneec,the As partofthepreparations fortheFifthSessionofMinisterialConference, on to grasp those solutions would require intensive negotiations backed by political determination and willingness to make the necessary compromises. In a separate statement to the General Council, the Director-General reported that he had continued his intensive programme of contacts with Ministers in capitals and elsewhere to complement the Council Chairman’s efforts in Geneva, and had come away from these contacts with the deep impression of a strong willingness and determination to move the DDA forward, of a recognition of the need for flexibility to achieve progress, and of full support and commitment to the multilateral process and a shared will to get back on track. The Chairman, in summing up the discussion at the meeting, said that although the meeting had not brought a major breakthrough, the key issues were clearer and progress had been made towards getting the Round back on track. There had also been renewed support for trying to conclude the Round on time. However, it remained to close the gap between expressions of flexibility, commitment and engagement, and a translation of these into new negotiating positions, and to recapture a sense of urgency. Regarding process, it was his sense that there was a willingness to restart the work of the negotiating groups as well as other bodies dealing with the Doha agenda, on the understanding that doing so did not in any way mean losing an overview of the process or a sense of the horizontal integration of issues, which remained an essential ingredient for success. Work Programme

The paragraphs below follow the order of the Work Programme as set out in the Doha Declaration and the Decision on Implementation-related issues and concerns. The relevant mandate is included after each heading. Implementation-related issues and concerns

“12. We attach the utmost importance to the implementation-related issues and concerns raised by Members and are determined to find appropriate solutions to them. In this connection, and having regard to the General Council Decisions of 3 May and 15 December 2000, we further adopt the Decision on Implementation-Related Issues and Concerns in document WT/MIN(01)/17 to address a number of implementation problems faced by Members. We agree that negotiations on outstanding implementation issues shall be an integral part of the Work Programme we are establishing, and that agreements reached at an early stage in these negotiations shall be treated in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 47 below. In this regard, we shall proceed as follows: (a) where we activities WTO Agenda (DDA) The Doha Development provide a specific negotiating mandate in this Declaration, the relevant implementation issues shall be addressed under that mandate; (b) the other outstanding implementation issues shall be addressed as a matter of priority by the relevant WTO bodies, which shall report to the Trade Negotiations Committee, established under paragraph 46 below, by the end of 2002 for appropriate action.” Agriculture The Committee on Agriculture (regular meetings) has a mandate from the General Council to pursue three distinct implementation issues. The first concerns a more effective implementation of the Marrakesh Ministerial Decision on Measures concerning the Possible Negative Effects of the Reform Programme on Least-Developed and Net Food- Importing Developing Countries (NFIDC Decision). In 2003, the Committee convened a Roundtable with the participation of international organizations to discuss the possibility of establishing a safety net to assist LDCs and net food-importing developing countries during the reform process leading to greater liberalization of trade in agriculture. Building on this work, the Committee adopted a number of recommendations in the context of the NFIDC Decision regarding short-term difficulties in financing food imports (see report G/AG/16). The second implementation matter concerns the management of tariff quota regimes. In order to ensure that tariff quotas are administered in a transparent, equitable and non-discriminatory manner, Members with tariff quotas are required to provide updated notifications which include details on guidelines and procedures for the allotment of tariff quotas. The notifications received in this way have been reviewed by the Committee. The third issue concerns implementation of Article 10.2 of the Agreement on Agriculture regarding the development of internationally agreed disciplines to govern the provision of export credits, export credit guarantees or insurance programmes. Instead of further discussing this matter in the Committee, Members resolved to pursue their interests regarding export credits in the negotiations on agriculture conducted in the Special Session of the Committee. Nonetheless, this implementation issue will be kept on the agenda of the regular Committee meetings, pending the outcome of the negotiations on agriculture. Customs valuation The Committee on Customs Valuation received a mandate from Ministers at Doha to address five outstanding implementation-related issues and to carry out

15 WTO activities 16 The Doha Development Agenda (DDA) 3 2 Add.2. agreed clarificationsareinG/SPS/19/Add.1 and G/SPS/27 andG/SPS/30. h eiini otie nGSS1,the The Decisioniscontained inG/SPS/19, relation to “particular consideration beforeinitiatinginvestigations inthecontextof in exporting Membersproposedthat thebest-endeavorscommitmentcontainedtherein, developing 4.2oftheDecision onImplementation-relatedIssuesandConcerns, par. andconcludedwithnoconsensus. referred toabove, themeetingofGeneral CouncilheldinJuly2003discussedagaintheproposals clothing, Members should “continue toreflectonthevarious viewsthathadbeenexpressed”. Council couldtake noteofthestatementswithoutanyprejudicetotheirpositionsandthat HeconcludedthattheGeneral consensus was possibleonhowbesttodealwiththis issue. Henotedthatno oral reportonthesituationtoGeneral Councilon31July2002. Council bytheendofJuly2002. (CTG) toexaminethemandmake recommendationsforappropriateactiontotheGeneral ItcalledupontheCouncilfor Trade inGoods through theapplicationofquotagrowthrates. and Concernscontainstwoproposalsrelatingtopossible ATC market accessimprovements, technical assistancewhichMemberswillbefocusingonoverthenextthree-yearcycle. containsspecificrecommendationson whichwas completedinNovember2003, Review, the Third Inparticular, Triennial to technicalassistanceasconfirmedbyMinistersatDoha. outstanding issuesunderitsreview. The TNC decidedtokeep the however nocompromisesolutionwas reached. TRIMs consultationscontinuedtofocusontiret40, Intheareaof TRIMs, Deputy Directors-General. consultations wereheldontheoutstandingimplementationissueswithassistanceof informal the requestofChairman Trade NegotiationsCommittee(TNC), at In2003, 40toamend Article 4ofthe TRIMs Agreement (G/TRIMS/W/25). India undertiret includingaproposalbyBrazil and TRIMs Committeemetfourtimestodiscusstheseissues, the In2002, Agreement ascontainedintirets37to40ofdocumentJOB(01)/152/Rev.1. for conductingworkontheoutstandingimplementationissuesrelatedto TRIMs theCommitteeon Trade-Related InvestmentMeasureswas assignedtheresponsibility 2002, Ministerial Declaration andtheCommitteeon Trade inGood’s (CTG)decisionof7May treatment andtheimplementationof Agreement. Council theprogressmadebySPSCommitteetoaddressspecialanddifferential The Chairperson reportedtotheGeneral the furtherconsideration oftheseproposals. treatment whichhadbeenreferredtoitbytheGeneral Councilandadoptedaworkplanfor the Agreement. the revisionofrecommendedproceduresforimplementingtransparency provisionsof initiatedinthecontext of includingproposalsbyEgyptandMexico, of developingcountries, The Committeediscussedothersuggestionsforaddressingthespecialneeds are continuing. Discussionsonhowtoelaborate Canada’s proposal subject toelaboration oftheprocedure. proposal byCanadatoenhancethetransparency ofspecialanddifferentialtreatment, The Committeeadoptedinprinciplea Agreement andtheconcernsofdevelopingcountries. experiences withrespecttoequivalence duringCommitteemeetings. information was providedbyMembersandobserverorganizationsregarding their asagreedintheProgramme forFurther Work onequivalence, Inaddition, the Decision. Agreement. 6and7oftheDecisiononImplementation Article 4ofthe clarifications ofparagraphs 5, The Committeeagreedon implementation of Article 4ofthe Agreement (equivalence). continueditsprogramme tofurtherthe Implementation-Related IssuesandConcerns, inaccordancewithparagraph 3.3oftheMinisterialDeclaration on Measures, The Committeewillcontinuetoaddressthismatterin2004. 8.3 of WT/MIN(01)/17. unable toreachaconsensusconcludeitsworkundertheMinisterialmandateinparagraph theCommitteewas However, information receivedandtheCommittee’s previouswork. takinginto accountthe Committee heldaseriesofinformalconsultationsonthematter, and technicalinputfromthe TheTechnical Chairmanofthe CommitteeonCustoms Valuation. theCommitteereceivedrequestedadvice 2002), in G/VAL/50 (see WTO Annual Report, Following its2002reporttotheGeneral Council related totheaccuracy ofthedeclaredvalue. with informationexchangeamongcustomsadministrations aimedatrelievingconcerns andparagraph 8.3deals concern specificprovisionsofthe Agreement onCustoms Valuation, The fiveoutstanding issues accordance withparagraph 12oftheMinisterialDeclaration. in the workinparagraph 8.3oftheDecisiononImplementation-RelatedIssuesandConcerns, w e rbeseegdi 03i eaint etlsadcohn.Frt recalling First, Two new problemsemergedin2003relationtotextilesandclothing. At theinitiativeofsomedelegationsdevelopingcountriesexporters oftextilesand theChairmanofCTGpresentedan Given thedifferencesinviewsamongMembers, Textiles andClothing Technical barriers totrade The Committeealsoconsideredanumberofproposalsregardingspecialand differential The CommitteealsocontinueditsexaminationoftheimplementationSPS Sanitary andphytosanitarymeasures Trade-related investmentmeasures 2 Discussions arecontinuingonaproposedfurtherclarificationofparagraph 5of The Doha MinisterialDecisiononImplementation-RelatedIssues The TBT Committeehascontinuedtodevelopitsapproach Pursuant toParagraph 12(b)oftheDoha The CommitteeonSanitaryandPhytosanitary 3 the Councilwas notabletosubmitagreedrecommendationstheMinisterialConference. further consultationsinJulyand August ledtoanarrowingofdifferencesontheway forward, While violation andsituationcomplaintsitwas tomake totheCancúnMinisterialConference. including on optionsfortherecommendationsnon- meetings inFebruary andJune, The Councilcontinueditsdiscussionsonthismatter at its under the TRIPS Agreement. Memberswouldnotinitiatesuchcomplaints inthemeantime, Ministers hadagreedthat, GATT 1994andmake recommendationstotheFifthSessionofMinisterialConference. complaints ofthetypesprovidedforundersubparagraphs 1(b)and1(c)of Article XXIIIof directed the TRIPS Counciltocontinueitsexaminationofthescopeandmodalitiesfor developed countryMembers’reportsontheirimplementationof Article 66.2. theannualreviewof atits meetinginNovember, theCounciltookup, of thisDecision, Pursuanttoparagraph 2 monitoring andfullimplementationoftheobligationsinquestion. Implementation-Related IssuesandConcernstoputinplaceamechanismforensuringthe instruction oftheDohaMinisterialConferenceinparagraph 11.2oftheDecisionon givingeffecttothe (IP/C/28), 66.2ofthe TRIPS Agreement” “Implementation of Article theCounciladoptedadecisionon AtitsmeetinginFebruary, viable technologicalbase. transfer toleast-developedcountryMembersinorderenablethemcreateasoundand institutions intheirterritoriesforthepurposeofpromotingandencouraging technology Agreement requiresdevelopedcountryMemberstoprovideincentivesenterprisesand Agriculture (Paragraphs 13and14) impossible toreachamongMembers. consensusonthisissuewas also Once more, inthisyear. existence of “carry over” 6%increaseinthe2004quotalevelstoaccountfornon- proposed a “notional” they Inthiscontext, with distortiveeffectsonthemarket accesslevelsfor2004. disappear, year’s quota tofulfillmarket demandoverandabove thequantitativelimitsfor2004would fromnext theirrightto “carry over” since quotaswouldnolongerbeinexistence2005, AsecondissueofconcerntodevelopingexportingMemberswas thefactthat, Agreement. responded indicatingtheycouldnotrenouncetoarightembodiedinthe WTO Anti-Dumping ImportingMembers beconvertedintoafirmbindingcommitmentbyMembers. the [ATC]” previouslysubjecttoquantitativerestrictionsunder exports... anti-dumping remedieson... ifrn ruso atcpns n nmn ae l atcpns eeivtd Reportsof were invited. andinmanycasesallparticipants, different groupsofparticipants, year theChairmanalsoheldmany otherinformalconsultationsonspecificissuestowhich Throughout the consultations bothbetweenMembers andattherequestofChairman. eachprecededbyinformalmeetingsand formal meetingsoftheSpecialSession wereheld, In2003five Doha Development Agenda inSpecialSessions oftheCommitteeon Agriculture. continuedin2002and2003underparagraphs 13and14ofthe Agreement on Agriculture, 2000 under Article 20 of the Agreement on Agriculture, including the large number of number large the including Agriculture, on Agreement the of 20 Article under 2000 negotiating proposals submitted on behalf of a total of 121 Members. We recall the long- the recall We Members. 121 of total a of behalf on submitted proposals negotiating term objective referred to in the Agreement to establish a fair and market-oriented trading market-oriented and fair a establish to Agreement the in to referred objective term system through a programme of fundamental reform encompassing strengthened rules and rules strengthened encompassing reform fundamental of programme a through system Paragraph 11.1oftheDohaDecisiononImplementation-RelatedIssuesandConcerns Trade-related aspectsofintellectualpropertyrights(TRIPS) h eoitoso giutr,whichstartedinJanuary 2000under Article 20 ofthe The negotiations onagriculture, early in initiated negotiations the in undertaken already work the recognize We “13. specific commitments on support and protection in order to correct and prevent restrictions prevent and correct to order in protection and support on commitments specific and distortions in world agricultural markets. We reconfirm our commitment to this to commitment our reconfirm We markets. agricultural world in distortions and programme. Building on the work carried out to date and without prejudging the outcome the prejudging without and date to out carried work the on Building programme. of the negotiations we commit ourselves to comprehensive negotiations aimed at: aimed negotiations comprehensive to ourselves commit we negotiations the of substantial improvements in market access; reductions of, with a view to phasing out, all out, phasing to view a with of, reductions access; market in improvements substantial forms of export subsidies; and substantial reductions in trade-distorting domestic support. domestic trade-distorting in reductions substantial and subsidies; export of forms We agree that special and differential treatment for developing countries shall be an integral an be shall countries developing for treatment differential and special that agree We part of all elements of the negotiations and shall be embodied in the Schedules of Schedules the in embodied be shall and negotiations the of elements all of part concessions and commitments and as appropriate in the rules and disciplines to be to disciplines and rules the in appropriate as and commitments and concessions negotiated, so as to be operationally effective and to enable developing countries to countries developing enable to and effective operationally be to as so negotiated, effectively take account of their development needs, including food security and rural and security food including needs, development their of account take effectively development. We take note of the non-trade concerns reflected in the negotiating proposals negotiating the in reflected concerns non-trade the of note take We development. submitted by Members and confirm that non-trade concerns will be taken into account in account into taken be will concerns non-trade that confirm and Members by submitted the negotiations as provided for in the Agreement on Agriculture. on Agreement the in for provided as negotiations the differential treatment, shall be established no later than 31 March 2003. Participants shall Participants 2003. March 31 than later no established be shall treatment, differential submit their comprehensive draft Schedules based on these modalities no later than the date the than later no modalities these on based Schedules draft comprehensive their submit of the Fifth Session of the Ministerial Conference. The negotiations, including with respect to respect with including negotiations, The Conference. Ministerial the of Session Fifth the of rules and disciplines and related legal texts, shall be concluded as part and at the date of date the at and part as concluded be shall texts, legal related and disciplines and rules 14. Modalities for the further commitments, including provisions for special and special for provisions including commitments, further the for Modalities 14. conclusion of the negotiating agenda as a whole.” a as agenda negotiating the of conclusion Article 66.2ofthe TRIPS 17 WTO activities The Doha Development Agenda (DDA) WTO activities 18 The Doha Development Agenda (DDA) eeul;ZambiaandZimbabwe. Venezuela; Uganda; Turkey; Trinidad and Tanzania; Tobago; thePhilippines; Peru; Panama; Pakistan; Nigeria; Nicaragua; Mongolia; Mauritius; Kenya; Jamaica; Indonesia; Honduras; Republic; and Chinese Taipei. Switzerland Norway; Mauritius; Liechtenstein; 6 5 4 hiad Venezuela. Thailand, SouthAfrica, Philippines, Peru, Paraguay, Pakistan, Mexico, India, Guatemala, El Salvador, Egypt, Ecuador, Cuba, CostaRica, Colombia, retn,Blva rzl hl,China, Chile, Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina, abds osaa ua Dominican Cuba; Botswana; Barbados; of; Rep. Korea, Japan, Israel; Iceland; Bulgaria; reform alsomeanssubstantialimprovements inmarket accessbyallMembers. the mostdistortionthroughtheir trade andproductionpoliciesmayhavetodomorebut AllMembers havetoparticipateinreformandthosethatcause scope fortariffreductions. below theboundlevelssetoutin their Scheduleswhichsuggeststheyhaveconsiderable manyMembersapplytariffs atrates well Inaddition, domestic pricesandsupportfarmers. distortions arenotcausedbydirect subsidiesaloneandtariffsarealsousedtomaintain otherMembershavepointedoutthat trade However, other Members’agricultural sectors. supports andarereluctanttoimprovemarket accesswhilesubsidiesremainathighlevelsin concerned aboutthecompetitionininternationalmarkets causedbyproductionandexport ManyMembersare be oneofthemostimportantissuesthatwouldhavetoresolved. market accessandexportcompetitionwould between thethreepillarsofdomesticsupport, further commitmentsinagriculture(WT/MIN(03)/W/24). been resolvedbythetimeConferenceendedwithoutadoption of aframework forthe differencesremainedonsomeissues andnotallofthesehad However, (JOB(03)/150/Rev.2). the consultationswereusedtoprepareareviseddraft MinisterialDeclaration The inputreceivedduringthemeetingsofagricultureworkinggroupandfrom Members. considerable amountofprogresswas madetowards findingcompromisesacceptabletoall Despite thewidedifferencesbetweenMembersa representatives fordifferentgroups. great carewas taken toensure thatallMemberswereconsultedeitherdirectlyorthrough Duringthisprocess involved theagriculturefacilitatoranddifferentgroupsofMembers. Inadditionmorethan25othermeetingsandconsultationswereorganizedthat held. rgee aeo te rpsl,includingpapersby: triggered awave ofotherproposals, The EC-USinitiative Commitments wouldbenegotiatedaftertheframework was adopted. The actualfiguresMemberswouldusetopreparetheirdraft Schedulesof be based. presented ajointtext(JOB(03)/157)whichsetoutframework onwhichmodalitiescould On13 August theEuropeanCommunitiesandUnitedStates taken byMembers. differences andsetoutthekey issuesthatwouldhavetoberesolvedinthenegotiations. This reporthighlightedareasof in thenegotiationsonthatdate(TN/AG/10 andCorr.1). Trade NegotiationsCommitteeof7JulytheChairmansetoutasummarystateplay Inhisreporttothe allformsofexportsubsidies. withaviewtophasingout, reductions of, improvementsinmarket accessand reductions intrade-distorting domesticsupport, progress was muchmoredifficultinthekey areasof However, developing countries. administration andtheconceptsofSpecialProductsaspecialsafeguardmechanismfor tariffquota foodaid, area ofnewandrevisedrulesonissuessuchasexportcredits, particularlyinthe modalities andsomeprogresswas madeinanumberofimportantareas, Development Agenda. possible toestablishmodalitiesbythedatesetoutinparagraph 14oftheDoha between Membersandthefailuretofindacceptablecompromisesmeantthatitwas not Despite theintensiveandfocuseddebateatmeetingswidedifferencesinpositions alimitedrevisionofthedraft was distributedon18March(TN/AG/W/1/Rev.1). Session, Following thediscussions atthat Special SessionheldinFebruary 2003(TN/AG/W/1). required theChairmantoprepareandcirculateafirstdraft ofmodalitiesinadvance ofthe The agreedworkprogramme agriculture weretohavebeenestablishedby31March2003. 10and10/Corr.1. 9, 8, 7, areindocuments TN/AG/R/6, informal meetings, whichincludesummariesofthediscussionsatconsultationsand the formalmeetings, find anacceptablecompromise. wereusedinCancúneffortsto togetherwithMembers’proposals, This draft, agriculture. includingadraft framework on revised draft MinisterialDeclaration (JOB(03)/150/Rev.1), theChairmanofGeneral CouncilpreparedandcirculatedtoMembersa Council level, (WT/MIN(03)/W/14 and Add.1) and (WT/MIN(03)/W/17); It was clearfromthenegotiationsduringyearandinCancúnthatlinkages theG-20(WT/MIN(03)/W/6and Add.1 and2) - In thepreparations fortheFifthMinisterialConferenceanumberofnewinitiativeswere Despite thissetbackMemberscontinuedtoworktowards thegoalofestablishing According totheDohaDevelopment Agenda modalitiesforthefurthercommitmentsin At the5 Following anintensiveseriesofconsultationsandinformalmeetingsattheGeneral the Alliance forStrategic ProductsandSpecialSafeguardMechanism - ACP andLDCgroupsofcountries aconsolidatedproposalfromthe African Union, - CARICOM(WT/MIN(03)/W/11); - Kenya (JOB(03)175); Moldova andOman(JOB(03)/170); - Jordan, Georgia, Croatia, , - theG-10(WT/MIN(03)/W/12and Add.1) - Japan (JOB(03)/165); - Nicaragua andPanama (WT/MIN(03)/W/10); Honduras, theDominicanRepublic, - th Ministerial Conferencetwosessionsoftheworkinggrouponagriculturewere 6 . 5 ; 4 ; the Chairmanonthisoccasion(TN/S/6and TN/S/8). Liberalization atitsmeetingon6March2003andtook intoaccountastatementmadeby The CounciladoptedtheModalitiesfor Treatmentnegotiations. of Autonomous for thetreatmentofliberalization undertaken autonomouslybyMemberssinceprevious Modalities forthetreatment ofautonomousliberalization conducting nationalassessmentsoftrade inservices. whilethelatteroutlinedaprogramme thataimstoassistselectedMembersin and Gains”, IdentifyingOpportunities a recentstudybytheOECDentitled “Services Trade Liberalisation: operation andDevelopmentfromtheInternational The formerintroduced Trade Centre. byrepresentativesfromtheOrganisationforEconomicCo- respectively, presentations made, aswelltwo TN/S/W/12and TN/S/W/17), Malaysia andtheUnitedStates(TN/S/W/9, Procedures fortheNegotiationson Trade inServices(S/L/93). inkeeping withtheGuidelinesand as astandingitemontheagendaofSpecialSession, The assessmentoftrade inservicesfigures IV:1. includingthosesetoutin Article Agreement, withreferencetotheobjectivesof services inoverall termsandonasectoral basis, Assessment oftrade inservices S/CSS/69/Add.2 and TN/S/W/14). TN/S/W/11, and movementofnatural persons(containedinformaldocuments TN/S/W/10, energyservices maritimetransport services, classification issuesincomputer-related services, and held onthebasisofcommunicationsrelatingtospecificsectorsandmodes, Substantivediscussions in2003were was structuredaccordingtonewproposalsreceived. theCouncil’s discussionofthisitem AshasbeenthecasesinceJune2002, horizontal issues. modesofsupplyandother submitted totheSpecialSessiononanumberofservicessectors, Proposals relating tothenegotiationsunder Article XIXoftheGATS Services (Paragraph 15) GATS Article XIX:3forthecurrentround. mandatedunder the Special Treatment forLDCscompletedthe “negotiating architecture” theadoptionofModalities for Treatment of Autonomous Liberalization mentioned above, for theSpecial Treatment forLeast-DevelopedCountrieson3September 2003(TN/S/13). The Council adoptedtheModalities communications fromotherMembers andtheChairman. aswellinformal on thebasisofareviseddraft fromtheLDCGroup(TN/S/W/13), paragraph 3of Article IV(IncreasingParticipation ofDevelopingCountries). for thespecialtreatmentleast-developedcountryMembersunder theprovisionsof Modalities forspecialtreatment forleast-developedcountries for agriculturebytheendofyear. itwas notpossibletoreachagreementonaframework to theDohaMinisterialDeclaration, despitethefocusedandconstructiveapproachtaken byMembersandtheircommitment but, Special Sessionaddressedthefollowingmatters. TheThe reportsofthesemeetingsarecontainedindocuments TN/S/M/6 to TN/S/M/9. theSpecialSessionofCouncilfor Trade inServicesheldfourmeetings2003. Agenda, the economic growth of all trading partners and the development of developing and least- and developing of development the and partners trading all of growth economic the developed countries. We recognize the work already undertaken in the negotiations, the in undertaken already work the recognize We countries. developed initiated in January 2000 under Article XIX of the General Agreement on Trade in Services, in Trade on Agreement General the of XIX Article under 2000 January in initiated and the large number of proposals submitted by Members on a wide range of sectors and sectors of range wide a on Members by submitted proposals of number large the and Article XIX:3oftheGATS mandatesthatthenegotiatingguidelinesestablishmodalities The Council’s discussionsunderthisitemwerebasedonthreesubmissionsfromChina, Article XIX:3oftheGATS mandatesthattheCouncilcarryoutanassessmentoftrade in Memberscontinuedtodiscussvarious negotiatingproposals Under thisagendaitem, Along withtheNegotiatingGuidelines andProcedures(S/L/93)theModalitiesfor MayandJuly, Discussion onthisitemcontinuedattheCouncil’s meetingsheldinMarch, Article XIX:3oftheGATS mandatesthatthenegotiatingguidelinesestablishmodalities “15. The negotiations on trade in services shall be conducted with a view to promoting to view a with conducted be shall services in trade on negotiations The “15. After theFifthMinisterialConferenceworkcontinuedatlevelofGeneral Council In accordancewiththemandatesetoutinparagraph 15oftheDohaDevelopment several horizontal issues, as well as on movement of natural persons. We reaffirm the reaffirm We persons. natural of movement on as well as issues, horizontal several Guidelines and Procedures for the Negotiations adopted by the Council for Trade in Services in Trade for Council the by adopted Negotiations the for Procedures and Guidelines on 28 March 2001 as the basis for continuing the negotiations, with a view to achieving the achieving to view a with negotiations, the continuing for basis the as 2001 March 28 on objectives of the General Agreement on Trade in Services, as stipulated in the Preamble, the in stipulated as Services, in Trade on Agreement General the of objectives Article IV and Article XIX of that Agreement. Participants shall submit initial requests for requests initial submit shall Participants Agreement. that of XIX Article and IV Article specific commitments by 30 June 2002 and initial offers by 31 March 2003.” March 31 by offers initial and 2002 June 30 by commitments specific 19 WTO activities The Doha Development Agenda (DDA) WTO activities 20 The Doha Development Agenda (DDA) contained indocument TN/S/12. Hisreportis report totheChairmanofGeneral Councilonthestatusofthiswork. informedMembersofhisintentionto attheJulymeetingofCouncil, Special Session, under Mode4. prepared aninformalnoteonthecategoriesofnatural personssubjecttocommitments October onthebasisofajointstatementbygroupMemberscontainedin TN/S/W/16. Discussionswereheldunderthissub-itemattheCouncil’s meetingsinJulyand (S/L/93). Paragraph 15oftheGuidelinesandProceduresforNegotiationson Trade inServices country Members(TN/S/W/7)toincludeasub-itemrelatingtheImplementationof modes ofsupplyandremoval ofMFNexemptions. sectors, andreiterated theirnegotiatinginterestsintermsof conducted insomefriends’groups, updatedtheCouncilonworkbeing reportedonbilateral consultations, initial offers, Memberspresentedtheir Amongothers, this itemwereheldatallmeetingsin2003. Substantivediscussionsunder their impressionsonhowthenegotiationswereproceeding. aswelltocommunicate of concernthatmightemergeinthecoursetheirconsultations, andprovideMemberswithanopportunitytoraise issues body overseeingthenegotiations, allowtheSpecialSessiontofulfillitsfunctionas as ameanstopromotetransparency, Review ofprogress inthenegotiations otie ndcmn /I/1 dated4December2003. contained indocumentS/FIN/11, The report submittedbytheCommitteetoCouncilfor Trade inServicesonthismatteris pursuant tosection18oftheProtocolon Accession ofthePeople’s Republic ofChina. second Transitional ReviewoftheimplementationbyChinaits WTO commitments, theCommitteecarriedout atitsmeetingon1December2003, Finally, provisions. and callsforthemodificationofcertainGATS standards relatedtofinancialservices, addressing theconcernsofthesecountrieswithregardtodevelopmentinternational The proposalaimsat KittsandNevis(S/FIN/W/29/Rev.1). Papua NewGuineaandSt. SolomonIslands, Maldives, Guyana, Fiji, Belize, Barbuda onbehalfof Antigua andBarbuda, The Committeealsoconsideredaproposalsubmittedby Antigua and financial services. (S/FIN/W/28) aboutlatestdevelopmentsconcerningthosecountries’regulatoryregimesfor and heard presentationsbyMalaysiaand Turkey addressed issuesrelatedtoe-finance, theCommittee part ofitsreviewrecentdevelopmentsinfinancialservicestrade, As relationship betweenspecificcommitmentsonfinancialservicesandcapitalmovements. theCommitteediscussed Aspartofitsworkontechnicalissues, and thePhilippines. Jamaica, namelyBrazil, Three Members haveyettoratify theProtocol, Poland andUruguay. whichintheperiodunderconsideration was ratified byDominicanRepublic, to theGATS, The CommitteecontinuedmonitoringtheacceptanceofFifthProtocol 2 December2003. dated Committee totheCouncilfor Trade inServicesiscontaineddocumentS/FIN/10, The annualreportofthe of thesemeetingsarecontainedindocumentsS/FIN/M/39-43. Committee on Trade inFinancialServices and TN/S/14. TN/S/11 TN/S/10, TN/S/9, documents TN/S/7, reportedtothe These reportsarecontainedin Trade NegotiationsCommittee. each meeting, Reports bytheChairmanto Trade NegotiationsCommittee the consideration ofS&Dproposalscontained, Consideration of proposals onspecialanddifferential treatment provisions o h umsinadcruaino nta fes includingthe useofeditorialconventions, for thesubmissionandcirculation ofinitialoffers, Procedures to allowingMemberspresenttheir initialoffersinoneconsolidateddocument. witha view consolidation ofMembers’Schedules ofSpecificCommitmentswas concluded, the Inthisperiod, reports ofthosemeetingsarecontained indocumentsS/CSC/M/27-30. current roundofnegotiationsontrade inservices. withaviewtofacilitatingthe services classificationandtheschedulingofcommitments, Ithasconcentrated itsworkon schedules ofcommitmentsandlistsMFNexemptions. modification ofschedulesandseekstoimprovethetechnicalaccuracy andcoherenceof implementation ofservicescommitmentsandtheapplication proceduresforthe Committee onSpecificCommitments usqett eus yteCucla t etn nJl 03 theSecretariat Subsequent toarequestbytheCouncilatitsmeetinginJuly2003, theCouncilagreedtoaproposalbynumberofdeveloping At itsmeetinginMay, As agreedinJuly2002theCouncilcontinuedtoincludethisstandingitemonitsagenda h omte ed5fra etnsdrn h eidudrcnieain The reports The Committeeheld5formalmeetingsduringtheperiodunderconsideration. subsequentto The ChairmanoftheSpecialSessionCouncilfor Trade inServices, Following theunderstandingreachedatGeneral Councilon15May2003regarding uigtepro ne osdrto,teCmitehl orfra etns The theCommitteeheldfourformalmeetings. During theperiodunderconsideration, The Committee onSpecificCommitments(CSC)ismandatedtooverseethe inter alia inter nteGT,theChairmanof intheGATS, , 9 8 7 /PR1,30June2003. S/WPGR/11, 30June2003. S/WPGR/10, /PR9 14March2003. S/WPGR/9, the annualreportof2002istobefoundinS/WPGR/12. Council for Trade inServicesiscontainedS/WPGR/13andthe Working Party’s updateto evcsognztos concerningthepotential suitabilityofthe services organizations, updated Membersontheresultstodateofconsultationswithinternationalprofessional paper fromtheEuropeanCommunitiesanditsMemberStates, InformalpapersweresubmittedbyMembersandtheSecretariat. to W/27). theUnitedStatesandSecretariat(S/WPDR/W/21 Kinmen andMatsu; Penghu, of , theSeparate Customs Territory theEuropeanCommunitiesanditsMemberStates; Canada; Formal papersweresubmittedby formal meetingsarefoundinS/WPDR/M/20toM/24. professional services. includingdeveloping general disciplinesfor Working Party onProfessionalServices, Italsoassumedthetasksassignedtoformer unnecessary barrierstotrade inservices. technicalstandardsandqualificationrequirementsdonotconstitute requirements, ismandatedtodevelopdisciplinesensurethatmeasuresrelatinglicencing April 1999, Working Party onDomesticRegulation measures circulated underhisresponsibilityreportsonthenegotiationsemergencysafeguard The Chairpersonofthe Working Partydisciplines ontrade-distorting subsidiesinservices. Working Party alsopursueditsconsideration ofissuesrelatedtothepotentialneedfor The includingaproposalforframework ofrulesbythedelegationEC. disciplines, aswellonpossiblemultilateral focused onthescopeofnegotiatingmandate, discussions Ongovernmentprocurement, feasibility ofanemergencysafeguardmechanism. Differentviewscontinuedtobeexpressedregardingthedesirability and safeguard measures. Delegations continuedtheirexaminationofissuesrelatedtothequestionemergency itheldfiveformalmeetings(S/WPGR/M/41-45). In2003, subsidies (GATS Article XV). governmentprocurement(GATS Article XIII)and safeguard measures(GATS Article X), Working Party onGATS Rules respectively. is containedindocumentS/CSC/8and9of3July5December2003, annual reportoftheCommitteeonSpecificCommitmentstoCouncilfor Trade inServices The also discussednewclassificationproposalsregardinglegalservicesandenergyservices. asmandatedbytheCouncilfor The Committee TradeArticle XX:2oftheGATS, inServices. theCommitteeconsideredissuesrelatingto Duringthereportingperiod, were elaborated. Market accessfornon-agricultural products(Paragraph 16) modalities bytheendofMarch2003 withaviewtoreachinganagreementonthose Group was “to reachagreementonacommonunderstandingpossibleoutline of paper The Working Party continuedtoholddiscussionsontheinformalSecretariatpaper domestic recognitionproceduresunderGATS Article VI:6 intheengineeringservicessector. and NewZealandgaveapresentationonits submitted byIndiaonrecognitionissues, MembersmadepreliminarycommentsonaSecretariatpapernecessity. meeting, AttheDecember formal conclusions haveyetbeenreachedonanyoftheissuesraised. Regulation in the Accountancy Sector Accountancy the in Regulation of Results to Date of the Domestic Consultations in Professional Services Professional in Consultations Domestic the of Date to Results of Procedures Licensing Regulation its relation to the future Article VI:4 Disciplines VI:4 Article future the to relation its as appropriate eliminate tariffs, including the reduction or elimination of tariff peaks, high peaks, tariff of elimination or reduction the including tariffs, eliminate appropriate as tariffs, and tariff escalation, as well as non-tariff barriers, in particular on products of export of products on particular in barriers, non-tariff as well as escalation, tariff and tariffs, interest to developing countries. Product coverage shall be comprehensive and without a without and comprehensive be shall coverage Product countries. developing to interest priori exclusions. The negotiations shall take fully into account the special needs and needs special the account into fully take shall negotiations The exclusions. priori ihrsett h eeomn fdsilns the Working Party examinedaformal With respecttothedevelopmentofdisciplines, Minutesofthe The Working Party heldfiveformalandtwoinformalmeetingsin2003. establishedbytheServicesCouncilin The Working Party onDomesticRegulation(WPDR), The Working Party onGATS Rulesismandatedtocarryoutnegotiationsonemergency rmJnayt uut20,teNgtaigGopmtfv ie.The objectiveofthe theNegotiating Groupmetfivetimes. From January to August 2003, or reduce to agreed, be to modalities by aim, shall which negotiations to agree We “16. eadn rfsinlsrie,Members madecommentsonaninformalpaper Regarding professionalservices, interests of developing and least-developed country participants, including through less than less through including participants, country least-developed and developing of interests full reciprocity in reduction commitments, in accordance with the relevant provisions of provisions relevant the with accordance in commitments, reduction in reciprocity full Article XXVIII bis of GATT 1994 and the provisions cited in paragraph 50 below. To this end, this To below. 50 paragraph in cited provisions the and 1994 GATT of bis XXVIII Article the modalities to be agreed will include appropriate studies and capacity-building measures capacity-building and studies appropriate include will agreed be to modalities the to assist least-developed countries to participate effectively in the negotiations.” the in effectively participate to countries least-developed assist to Examples of Measures to be Addressed by Disciplines under GATS Article VI:4 Article GATS under Disciplines by Addressed be to Measures of Examples 7 subsidies , Members alsodiscussedaninformalpaperbySingapore, . 8 aswellJapan’s informal paper, , andgovernmentprocurement , for otherprofessions. andfurtherreviewedtheinformalSecretariat , 9 The annualreportofthe WPGR tothe . Draft Annex on Domestic on Annex Draft Proposal for Disciplines on Disciplines for Proposal Disciplines on Domestic on Disciplines GATS Article VI:5 and VI:5 Article GATS andtheSecretariat , Synthesis .No 21 WTO activities The Doha Development Agenda (DDA) WTO activities 22 The Doha Development Agenda (DDA) re-launch theDohanegotiationswerepursuedatlevelofGeneral Council. Post-Cancún consultationsonhowbestto Negotiating GrouponMarket Access hasnotmet. the SincetheCancúnMinisterialMeetingandforremainderof2003, products. the statusofdiscussionsonmodalitiesformarket accessnegotiationsonnon-agricultural presented afullreport(TN/MA/12)tothe TNC priortotheCancúnMinisterialMeetingon The Chairman August2003. and August areviseddraft was preparedandcirculatedon19 Following additionaldiscussionsinJuly delegations togivetheirfirstreactionthedraft. at theGroup’s meetinginlateMay2003focusedontheChairman’s textandallowed The exchange on16May2003(TN/MA/W/35). Negotiations onNon-Agricultural Products” theChairmanissuedhis “Draft ElementsofModalitiesfor since itsfirstmeetingin2002, Basedonthediscussionsandworkundertaken bytheGroup on thesubjectofmodalities. These twooverviewsaccompaniedbylistsofquestionsfromtheChairstimulateddiscussions (TN/MA/9)asforeseeninthe “Programme ofMeetings...”. Submitted –Non-Tariff Barriers” (TN/MA/6andRev.1) andan “Overview ofProposals Proposals Submitted– Tariffs” The Groupwas alsopresentedwithan “Overview of discussions tookplaceonallofthem. Members eitherindividuallyorasco-sponsorsduringthisperiodoftimeandsubstantive Manyproposalsonmodalitiesfornegotiationsweresubmittedby Group inJuly2002. (TN/MA/3)adoptedbythe Negotiations onMarket Access forNon-Agricultural Products” inaccordancewiththe “Programme ofMeetingsforthe modalities by31May2003” (Paragraphs 17-19) Trade-related aspectsofintellectualpropertyrights Relationship betweentrade and investment (Paragraphs 20-22) by theChairofSpecialSessionto TNC (TN/IP/8). Furtherinformationonthisworkcanbefoundinthereport Cancún MinisterialConference. theSpecialSessionwas notabletocompleteitsworkpriorthe made inthenegotiations, Whileprogresswas towarrant himtablinganewdraft text. legal effectsandparticipation, inparticularwithregardtothetwokey issuesof be sufficientlyflexibleintheirpositions, delegationsdidnotasyetfeelinapositionto of theDohaDevelopment Agenda asawhole, inthelightofcurrentstatenegotiationsareaand was hisappreciationthat, theChairinformedparticipantsthatit formal meetingandfurtherinformalconsultations, Following discussionata (JOB(03)/75). Geographical Indicationsfor Wines andSpirits” put forward a “Draft Text ofMultilateral SystemofNotificationand Registration of theChair In April, continued itsnegotiationsontheestablishmentofmultilateral system. theSpecialSessionofCouncilfor TRIPS In2003, Session oftheMinisterialConference. whichcalledforthecompletionofthisworkbyFifth the DohaMinisterialDeclaration, mandated by Article 23.4ofthe TRIPS Agreement andthefirstsentenceofparagraph 18of registration ofgeographical indicationsforwinesandspirits(“multilateral system”)are Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement) in a in Agreement) (TRIPS Rights Property Intellectual of Aspects Trade-Related on Agreement predictable conditions for long-term cross-border investment, particularly foreign direct foreign particularly investment, cross-border long-term for conditions predictable manner supportive of public health, by promoting both access to existing medicines and medicines existing to access both promoting by health, public of supportive manner investment, that will contribute to the expansion of trade, and the need for enhanced for need the and trade, of expansion the to contribute will that investment, research and development into new medicines and, in this connection, are adopting a adopting are connection, this in and, medicines new into development and research separate Declaration. separate The negotiationsrelatingtotheestablishmentofamultilateral systemofnotificationand the of interpretation and implementation to attach we importance the stress We “17. “20. Recognizing the case for a multilateral framework to secure transparent, stable and stable transparent, secure to framework multilateral a for case the Recognizing “20. of Intellectual Property Rights (Council for TRIPS) on the implementation of Article 23.4, we 23.4, Article of implementation the on TRIPS) for (Council Rights Property Intellectual of agree to negotiate the establishment of a multilateral system of notification and registration and notification of system multilateral a of establishment the negotiate to agree of geographical indications for wines and spirits by the Fifth Session of the Ministerial the of Session Fifth the by spirits and wines for indications geographical of Conference. We note that issues related to the extension of the protection of geographical of protection the of extension the to related issues that note We Conference. 18. With a view to completing the work started in the Council for Trade-Related Aspects Trade-Related for Council the in started work the completing to view a With 18. indications provided for in Article 23 to products other than wines and spirits will be will spirits and wines than other products to 23 Article in for provided indications addressed in the Council for TRIPS pursuant to paragraph 12 of this Declaration. this of 12 paragraph to pursuant TRIPS for Council the in addressed the review of Article 27.3(b), the review of the implementation of the TRIPS Agreement TRIPS the of implementation the of review the 27.3(b), Article of review the under Article 71.1 and the work foreseen pursuant to paragraph 12 of this Declaration, to Declaration, this of 12 paragraph to pursuant foreseen work the and 71.1 Article under examine, inter alia, the relationship between the TRIPS Agreement and the Convention on Convention the and Agreement TRIPS the between relationship the alia, inter examine, Biological Diversity, the protection of traditional knowledge and folklore, and other relevant other and folklore, and knowledge traditional of protection the Diversity, Biological 19. We instruct the Council for TRIPS, in pursuing its work programme including under including programme work its pursuing in TRIPS, for Council the instruct We 19. new developments raised by Members pursuant to Article 71.1. In undertaking this work, this undertaking In 71.1. Article to pursuant Members by raised developments new the TRIPS Council shall be guided by the objectives and principles set out in Articles 7 and 8 and 7 Articles in out set principles and objectives the by guided be shall Council TRIPS the of the TRIPS Agreement and shall take fully into account the development dimension.” development the account into fully take shall and Agreement TRIPS the of technical assistance and capacity-building in this area as referred to in paragraph 21, we agree that negotiations will take place after the Fifth Session of the Ministerial Conference on the basis of a decision to be taken, by explicit consensus, at that Session on modalities of negotiations. 21. We recognize the needs of developing and least-developed countries for enhanced support for technical assistance and capacity building in this area, including policy analysis and development so that they may better evaluate the implications of closer multilateral cooperation for their development policies and objectives, and human and institutional development. To this end, we shall work in cooperation with other relevant intergovernmental organizations, including UNCTAD, and through appropriate regional and bilateral channels, to provide strengthened and adequately resourced assistance to respond to these needs. 22. In the period until the Fifth Session, further work in the Working Group on the Relationship Between Trade and Investment will focus on the clarification of: scope and definition; transparency; non-discrimination; modalities for pre-establishment commitments based on a GATS-type, positive list approach; development provisions; exceptions and balance-of-payments safeguards; consultation and the settlement of disputes between Members. Any framework should reflect in a balanced manner the interests of home and host countries, and take due account of the development policies and objectives of host governments as well as their right to regulate in the public interest. The special development, trade and financial needs of developing and least-developed countries should be taken into account as an integral part of any framework, which should enable Members to undertake obligations and commitments commensurate with their individual needs and circumstances. Due regard should be paid to other relevant WTO provisions. Account should be taken, as appropriate, of existing bilateral and regional arrangements on investment.” At its two meetings held in 2003 (14 and 15 April and 10 and 11 June), the Working Group on the Relationship between Trade and Investment continued its work on the clarification of core issues related to a possible multilateral framework on investment, pursuant to Paragraph 22 of the Doha Ministerial Declaration. On the basis of submissions of some Members, the Working Group also took up the subject of obligations of investors and home governments, the relationship between a multilateral framework on investment and the GATS, and the question of whether or not it was desirable to launch negotiations on investment in the WTO. The Working Group also monitored the extensive programme of technical assistance activities carried out in this area by the WTO Secretariat, in close cooperation with the UNCTAD Secretariat, pursuant to Paragraph 21 of the Doha Ministerial Declaration. A summary of the Group’s discussions is contained in its report to the General

Council (WT/WGTI/7) of 11 July 2003. activities WTO Agenda (DDA) The Doha Development

Interaction between trade and competition policy (Paragraphs 23-25)

“23. Recognizing the case for a multilateral framework to enhance the contribution of competition policy to international trade and development, and the need for enhanced technical assistance and capacity-building in this area as referred to in paragraph 24, we agree that negotiations will take place after the Fifth Session of the Ministerial Conference on the basis of a decision to be taken, by explicit consensus, at that Session on modalities of negotiations. 24. We recognize the needs of developing and least-developed countries for enhanced support for technical assistance and capacity building in this area, including policy analysis and development so that they may better evaluate the implications of closer multilateral cooperation for their development policies and objectives, and human and institutional development. To this end, we shall work in cooperation with other relevant intergovernmental organizations, including UNCTAD, and through appropriate regional and bilateral channels, to provide strengthened and adequately resourced assistance to respond to these needs. 25. In the period until the Fifth Session, further work in the Working Group on the Interaction between Trade and Competition Policy will focus on the clarification of: core principles, including transparency, non-discrimination and procedural fairness, and provisions on hardcore cartels; modalities for voluntary cooperation; and support for progressive reinforcement of competition institutions in developing countries through capacity building. Full account shall be taken of the needs of developing and least-developed country participants and appropriate flexibility provided to address them.” In 2003, the Working Group, continued its work in response to the direction provided by paragraph 25 of the Doha Ministerial Declaration. Two formal meetings were held during the year, on 20 and 21 February and 26 and 27 May, respectively. As agreed at an informal

23 WTO activities 24 The Doha Development Agenda (DDA) consideration atCancún. and thirdoftheseoptionsintheDraft Ministerial Text thatheforwarded toMinistersfor The ChairmanoftheGeneral Councilincludedthefirst negotiations wouldbepremature. continuation ofclarificatoryworkinthe Working Grouponthebasisthatlaunchingof and(iii)the obligations ordisputesettlement(theso-called “soft lawalternative”); promote voluntarycooperation inthisareabutwhichwouldnothaveinvolvedbinding the developmentofasystempeerreviewsandestablishment WTO committeeto (ii)anintermediatealternativewhichwouldhaveprovidedfor agreement tobenegotiated; launching negotiationswhichwouldalsohaveprovidedguidanceastothesubstanceof (i)adecision eachwithsupportfromsomeMembers: emerged fromtheseconsultations, Three options adopted atCancúninaccordancewithparagraph 23oftheDohaDeclaration. onthedevelopmentofpossiblemodalitiesfornegotiationstobe of theGeneral Council, inthe capacityofafriendtheChair heldconsultations, Chairman ofthe Working Group, underthesymbol which isavailable“wgtcp”. onthe WTO website(www.wto.org), between Trade andCompetitionPolicy totheGeneral Council(document WT/WGTCP/7), during theyearisprovidedinReport(2003)of Working GroupontheInteraction AsubstantiveoverviewoftheworkcompletedbyGroup aspect of “Other business”. asan consideration was alsogiventothematterof “Stocktaking ofnationallegislation”, ateachmeeting, Following the Working Group’s practice inpreviousyears, Members. andtotake noteofanyspecificneedsexpressed by bilateral andregionalchannels, otherintergovernmentalorganizationsand/orbyMembersactingthrough Secretariat, whetherorganizedbythe WTO seminarsandcoursesheldinthisarea, workshops, the Working Grouphadanopportunitytomonitorprogressonactivitiessuchas this item, Under capacity-building ascalledforbyparagraph 24oftheDohaMinisterialDeclaration. ontechnicalassistanceand ateachofitsmeetingsin2003, Working Group had afocus, the Inaddition, that mightbeincludedinamultilateral framework oncompetitionpolicy. and(iii)possibleelementsofprogressivityflexibility framework oncompetitionpolicy; and scopeofcompliancemechanismsthatmightbeapplicableunderamultilateral (ii)thenature raised andquestions posedin2002towhichdelegationswishedrevert; includingmatters (i) elementscontainedinparagraph 25oftheDohaMinisterialDeclaration, onthefollowingthreesubstantiveelements: ateachofthetwoformalmeetings, focus, theGrouphada meeting ofthe Working Groupwhichtookplaceon17January 2003, Transparency ingovernmentprocurement(Paragraph 26) the continuationofclarificatorywork inthe Working Grouponthebasis that thelaunching and especiallyfromdeveloping countries; view toallayingtheconcernsofsome delegations, witha also providegreaterguidanceasto thesubstanceofagreementtobenegotiated, adecisionlaunchingnegotiationswhichwould procedural decision launching negotiations; a largely eachwithsupportfromsomeMembers: emerged fromtheseconsultations, Three options adopted atCancúninaccordance withparagraph 26oftheDohaDeclaration. onthedevelopmentof modalities ofnegotiationstobe Chair oftheGeneral Council, inthecapacityofafriend heldconsultations, the Chairmanof Working Group, (WT/WGTGP/6). the GroupsenttoGeneral Councilanupdate(WT/WGTGP/7) toits2002annualreport InJuly, The reports ofthesemeetingscanbefoundindocuments WT/WGTGP/M/17 and18. assistance andcapacitybuildingascalledforunderparagraph 26oftheDohaDeclaration. AtbothmeetingstheGroupalsodiscussedtechnical Communities attheJuneMeeting. andfromtheEuropean of Korea andtheUnitedStatesatFebruary meeting; theRepublic The GroupconsideredsubmissionsfromtheEuropeanCommunities, procedures. domesticreviewproceduresand WTO disputesettlement scopeandcoverage, definition, The discussionfocusedontheissuesof during theyear–on7February andon18June. procurement and the need for enhanced technical assistance and capacity building in this in building capacity and assistance technical enhanced for need the and procurement area, we agree that negotiations will take place after the Fifth Session of the Ministerial the of Session Fifth the after place take will negotiations that agree we area, Conference on the basis of a decision to be taken, by explicit consensus, at that Session on Session that at consensus, explicit by taken, be to decision a of basis the on Conference modalities of negotiations. These negotiations will build on the progress made in the in made progress the on build will negotiations These negotiations. of modalities ntemnh rcdn h acnMnseilCneec,PoesrJny the Professor Jenny, In themonthsprecedingCancúnMinisterialConference, ntemnh rcdn h acnMnseilCneec,Ambassador SaboríoSoto, In themonthsprecedingCancúnMinisterialConference, The Working Groupon Transparency inGovernmentProcurementheldtwomeetings government in transparency on agreement multilateral a for case the Recognizing “26. Working Group on Transparency in Government Procurement by that time and take into take and time that by Procurement Government in Transparency on Group Working account participants’ development priorities, especially those of least-developed country least-developed of those especially priorities, development participants’ account participants. Negotiations shall be limited to the transparency aspects and therefore will not will therefore and aspects transparency the to limited be shall Negotiations participants. restrict the scope for countries to give preferences to domestic supplies and suppliers. We suppliers. and supplies domestic to preferences give to countries for scope the restrict commit ourselves to ensuring adequate technical assistance and support for capacity for support and assistance technical adequate ensuring to ourselves commit building both during the negotiations and after their conclusion.” their after and negotiations the during both building (G/C/W/434). 10 aiiain seedocument facilitation, delegations inthediscussionontrade and improvement of GATT Articles V, VIII and VIII V, Articles GATT of improvement and X – Proposals made by Delegations” by made Proposals – X For anoverviewofall proposalsby “Review, clarification “Review, WTO rules(Paragraphs 28and29) Trade facilitation(Paragraph 27) draft Ministerialtextheforwarded toCancúnthefirstandthirdoftheseoptions. The ChairmanoftheGeneral Councilincludedinthe of negotiationswouldbepremature. approach thedecisiontobetaken atCancúninthisarea. Julyand August onhowto withaseriesofinformalconsultationsinJune, General Council, the WTO andotherinternationalorganizations. related technicalassistanceandcapacitybuilding-activitiesundertaken bydonorMembers, of theirtrade facilitationneedsandprioritieswerebriefedonvarious trade facilitation- They furtheroutlinedsome on howtopossiblyimproveandclarifyGATT Articles VIIIandX. V, i es httegetrpr fteise a enietfe.Hefurtherindicated his his sensethatthegreaterpartof the issueshadbeenidentified. itwas whilefurtherissueswoulddoubtlessbeidentified, theChairmanindicatedthat, 2003, Inhisreporttothe TNC inJuly during 2003focusedonthisprocess ofissueidentification. The workoftheGroup that theyseektoclarifyandimprove inthesubsequentphase”. includingdisciplinesontrade distortingpractices, participants willindicatetheprovisions, paragraph 28providesthat “in theinitialphaseofnegotiations, fisheries subsidies, Chairman oftheGeneral Council. considered certainproposalsonspecialanddifferentialtreatmentreferred toitbythe The Groupalso series. the Grouparecirculatedasunrestricteddocumentsin TN/RL/W... submitting apaper–aneventualitythatdidnotariseduring2003 – paperssubmittedto Unlessotherwiserequested bytheparticipant(s) participants duringthecourseof2003. for RTAs The Groupreceived99writtenproposalsandothersubmissionsfrom altogether. the issueofRegional Trade andinonecaseaseparate meetingwas held Agreements (RTAs), a separate dayofeachmeetingwas setasidefor matter andofthedelegationsresponsible, Becauseofthedistinct natureofthesubject- Group didnotmeetinthelatterpartof2003. the and however, 18and19June, DuetoissuesrelatedthebroaderDDAworkprogramme, 11June, 21 and22July. 5to7May, 19to21March, and7February, 6, on3, 2003, and(iii)technicalassistancecapacitybuilding. developed countries; particularlyofdevelopingandleast- (ii) trade facilitationneedsandprioritiesofMembers, (i)GATT Articles VIIIandX; V, delegations addressedthefollowingthreeagendaitems: Inthecourseofthosemeetings, Ministerial Conference(12-13Marchand12-13June). theCTGmettwiceinformalsessionaheadofCancún meeting of6December2002, goods, including goods in transit, and the need for enhanced technical assistance and assistance technical enhanced for need the and transit, in goods including goods, Members, we agree to negotiations aimed at clarifying and improving disciplines under the under disciplines improving and clarifying at aimed negotiations to agree we Members, capacity building in this area, we agree that negotiations will take place after the Fifth the after place take will negotiations that agree we area, this in building capacity Agreements on Implementation of Article VI of the GATT 1994 and on Subsidies and Subsidies on and 1994 GATT the of VI Article of Implementation on Agreements Session of the Ministerial Conference on the basis of a decision to be taken, by explicit by taken, be to decision a of basis the on Conference Ministerial the of Session Countervailing Measures, while preserving the basic concepts, principles and effectiveness of effectiveness and principles concepts, basic the preserving while Measures, Countervailing consensus, at that Session on modalities of negotiations. In the period until the Fifth the until period the In negotiations. of modalities on Session that at consensus, these Agreements and their instruments and objectives, and taking into account the needs the account into taking and objectives, and instruments their and Agreements these olwn h uemeig trade facilitationworkcontinuedundertheauspicesof Following theJunemeeting, “27. Recognizing the case for further expediting the movement, release and clearance of clearance and release movement, the expediting further for case the Recognizing “27. ihrsett nidmigadsbiisadcutraln esrs including With respecttoanti-dumpingandsubsidiescountervailing measures, The NegotiatingGrouponRulesheldsixfurtherformalmeetingsduringthe courseof by instruments these of application increasing the of and experience of light the In “28. Members continuedtheirpreviousdiscussionsofproposals In doingso, In linewiththe2003workprogramme adoptedattheCouncilon Trade inGoods Session, the Council for Trade in Goods shall review and as appropriate, clarify and improve and clarify appropriate, as and review shall Goods in Trade for Council the Session, of developing and least-developed participants. In the initial phase of the negotiations, the of phase initial the In participants. least-developed and developing of relevant aspects of Articles V, VIII and X of the GATT 1994 and identify the trade facilitation trade the identify and 1994 GATT the of X and VIII V, Articles of aspects relevant participants will indicate the provisions, including disciplines on trade distorting practices, distorting trade on disciplines including provisions, the indicate will participants needs and priorities of Members, in particular developing and least-developed countries. We countries. least-developed and developing particular in Members, of priorities and needs that they seek to clarify and improve in the subsequent phase. In the context of these of context the In phase. subsequent the in improve and clarify to seek they that commit ourselves to ensuring adequate technical assistance and support for capacity for support and assistance technical adequate ensuring to ourselves commit negotiations, participants shall also aim to clarify and improve WTO disciplines on fisheries on disciplines WTO improve and clarify to aim also shall participants negotiations, building in this area.” this in building subsidies, taking into account the importance of this sector to developing countries. We note We countries. developing to sector this of importance the account into taking subsidies, that fisheries subsidies are also referred to in paragraph 31. paragraph in to referred also are subsidies fisheries that procedures under the existing WTO provisions applying to regional trade agreements. The agreements. trade regional to applying provisions WTO existing the under procedures negotiations shall take into account the developmental aspects of regional trade regional of aspects developmental the account into take shall negotiations agreements.” 29. We also agree to negotiations aimed at clarifying and improving disciplines and disciplines improving and clarifying at aimed negotiations to agree also We 29. 10 by delegations 25 WTO activities The Doha Development Agenda (DDA) WTO activities 26 The Doha Development Agenda (DDA) 12 11 cover issuesandproposalsrelatedtoRTAs. contained in TN/DS/9. NR//4.The Compilationdoesnot TN/RL/W/143. h himnstx,a f2 a 03 is asof28May2003, The Chairman’s text, to take stockofparticipants’positionsonthevarious negotiatingissues. discussion byageneral “issue-by-issue” untilDecember, andwas followed, November 2003, Chairman: theGeneral Councilagreedtothefollowingproposalby Atthatdate, 24 July2003. timeframe forconcludingofthenegotiationswas extendedbytheGeneral Councilon the negotiationshadprogressedsignificantly. but ithasbeengenerally heldthatnousefuloutcomecouldbeachievedonissueuntil ofexistingRTAs andretroactiveapplicationofanynewrules, question of “grandfathering” The Grouphasalsoconsideredthe system andpossibleRTA negativeeffectsonthirdparties. andtheprimacyofmultilateral trading preferential rulesoforiginandsafeguards); other(restrictive)regulationsofcommerce(inparticularmattersrelatedto XXIV:8); Article inGATT RTAs coverage (inparticularthedefinitionof “substantially alltrade” development; inparticularonRTAs and Group alsolaunchedamorefocuseddiscussionofsystemicissues, The moretransparent andefficientRTA reviewprocess. andarevived, RTA notifications, Identified intheNegotiatingGrouponRules. theChairmancirculatedaCompilationofIssuesandProposals In August 2003, solutions. andthatitwouldneedtoshiftitsemphasisfromidentifyingissuesseeking Conference, view thattheGroupwouldhavetoaccelerate itsworkaftertheCancúnMinisterial Dispute SettlementUnderstanding(Paragraph 30) Trade andenvironment (Paragraphs 31-33) discussions. Arevisedversionofthistextwas issuedon28Mayinlightoffurther the endofMay. improvements andclarificationswhichhefeltcouldformthebasisofanagreedoutcomeby proposals. discussionsfocusedonspecificdrafting From January toMay2003, forward byMembers. focussed discussiononthebasisofnegotiatingissuesidentifiedthroughproposalsput toamore allowing Memberstoidentifytheirprioritiesandobjectivesinthenegotiations, the workgradually shiftedfromageneral discussion Between February 2002andMay2003, subsequent workcarriedoutbyMembersinthelead-uptoDohaMinisterialConference. anditalsofollowedon Marrakesh (conductedpriortothe SeattleMinisterialConference), mandatedbyMinistersin followed previousworkinthecontextofaninitial “DSU review” This mandate byMay2003. initially expectedtobecompletedinarelativelyshorttimeframe, theywere asisapparentfromthetextofparagraph 30, Also, of asingleundertaking. on various elementscovering discussions progressed Mostlyinaninformalmode, issues. focused on “RTAs transparency” Settlement Understanding. The negotiations should be based on the work done thus far as far thus done work the on based be should negotiations The Understanding. Settlement agree to negotiations, without prejudging their outcome, on: outcome, their prejudging without negotiations, to agree well as any additional proposals by Members, and aim to agree on improvements and improvements on agree to aim and Members, by proposals additional any as well clarifications not later than May 2003, at which time we will take steps to ensure that the that ensure to steps take will we time which at 2003, May than later not clarifications results enter into force as soon as possible thereafter.” possible as soon as force into enter results h icsino cneta da”mandatedby theGeneral Counciltookplacein The discussion of “conceptual ideas” thatthefirstmeetingofSpecial SessionoftheDSBwhenitresumeditsworkbe (iii) and take intoaccount thatthiscontinuedworkbuildonthedonetodate, (ii) thatthetimeframe forconclusionofthenegotiations onclarificationsand (i) h himnpeetdo 6My20 rf et containing proposed The Chairmanpresentedon16May2003adraft text, The negotiationsareconductedbytheDisputeSettlementBodyinSpecialSession. Dispute thesenegotiationsarenottobetreatedaspart Under paragraph 47oftheDeclaration, the of clarifications and improvements on negotiations to agree We “30. formostoftheperiodunderreviewGroup’s workhasprimarily With respecttoRTAs, “31. With a view to enhancing the mutual supportiveness of trade and environment, we environment, and trade of supportiveness mutual the enhancing to view a With “31. (i) the relationship between existing WTO rules and specific trade obligations set out in out set obligations trade specific and rules WTO existing between relationship the (i) devoted toadiscussionof “conceptual ideas.” and of theSpecialSessionDSB; proposals putforward byMembersaswellthetextputforward bytheChairman by May2004atthelatest; toaimconcludethework i.e., improvements oftheDSUbeextendedbyoneyear, (ii) procedures for regular information exchange between MEA Secretariats and the and Secretariats MEA between exchange information regular for procedures (ii) multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs). The negotiations shall be limited in limited be shall negotiations The (MEAs). agreements environmental multilateral scope to the applicability of such existing WTO rules as among parties to the MEA in MEA the to parties among as rules WTO existing such of applicability the to scope question. The negotiations shall not prejudice the WTO rights of any Member that is that Member any of rights WTO the prejudice not shall negotiations The question. not a party to the MEA in question; in MEA the to party a not 12 relevant WTO committees, and the criteria for the granting of observer status; observer of granting the for criteria the and committees, WTO relevant oee,Mmesddntrahareeto etb htdt,andthe Membersdidnotreachagreementonatextbythatdate, However, inter alia inter the proceduresrelatingtotimingandcontentof 11 14 13 are listedonthe WTO website. Ministerial Declaration unlessotherwisestated. The tenitemsofthe CTEworkprogramme Paragraph numbersrefertotheDoha rcs (i)thenegotiatingtrack (Paragraph 31 tracks: discriminatory natureofthesystem”. equitableandnon- compatiblewiththeopen, of themultilateral trading systemarerequired, and order topromotesustainabledevelopment”; April 1994. of referencecanbefoundinMarrakesh MinisterialDecisionon Trade andEnvironmentof available onthe WTO website. CTESS sinceJanuary 1995(including2003)iscontainedindocument WT/CTE/INF/5/Rev.2, conductedundertheCTERegular. (ii)theregularworkofCTE(Paragraphs 32and33), and, from theCTE. Hencethesubstantivediscussiononfishsubsidieshaslargely movedaway (paragraph 28). the contextofnegotiationson Agreement onSubsidiesandCountervailing Measures theissueisreferredto NegotiatingGrouponRulesin IntheDohaDeclaration, subsidies. were submittedinallthreeareas (see below). proposals During2003, tariff andnon-tariffbarrierstoenvironmentalgoodsservices. elimination of asappropriate, or, The thirdareaofnegotiationsisaboutthereduction, status. aswellcriteriaforthegranting ofobserver Secretariats andtherelevant WTO committees, obligations ofMembersunderexisting WTO agreements. norshouldtheyaddordiminish therightsand not apartytotheMEAinquestion, thenegotiationsarenottoprejudice WTO rightsofanyMemberthat is Also, in question. limited inscopetotheapplicabilityofsuchexisting WTO rulesasamongpartiestotheMEA Theseexisting negotiationsare WTO rulesandspecifictrade obligationssetoutinMEAs. The firstarea isabouttherelationshipbetween onthreespecificareas. their outcome, withoutprejudging tonegotiations, the mutualsupportivenessoftrade andenvironment, withaviewtoenhancing Inparagraph 31Membersagreed, Environment Program (UNEP). heldwith theparticipationofMEAsandUnitedNations Secretariats andthe WTO, procedures forinformationexchangebetweenmultilateral environmentalagreements(MEAs) Onemeetingwas aninformationsessiononthe 31 oftheDohaMinisterialDeclaration. Negotiations (CTESS) fise,icuiggos evcs andintellectualpropertyrights. services, includinggoods, of issues, on its agenda within its current terms of reference, to give particular attention to: attention particular give to reference, of terms current its within agenda its on ic h oaMnseilSsin nNvme 01 workhassplitintotwoseparate inNovember2001, Since theDohaMinisterialSession, “to make appropriaterecommendationsonwhetheranymodificationsoftheprovisions “to identifytherelationshipbetweentrade measuresandenvironmentalin The mandateoftheCTEistwofold: The fulllistofdocumentsthathavebeencirculatedinboththeCTERegular andthe ogsadn su nteCEpirt h oaMnseilCneec,has beenfish A long-standingissueintheCTEprior totheDohaMinisterialConference, The second areaisaboutproceduresforregularinformationexchangebetweenMEA wereguidedbyparagraph spanningoverseveral meetings, The discussionsofthe CTESS, (iii) the reduction or, as appropriate, elimination of tariff and non-tariff barriers to barriers non-tariff and tariff of elimination appropriate, as or, reduction the (iii) The Committeeon Trade andEnvironment’s workprogramme spansoverabroadrange We note that fisheries subsidies form part of the negotiations provided for in paragraph 28. paragraph in for provided negotiations the of part form subsidies fisheries that note We 32. We instruct the Committee on Trade and Environment, in pursuing work on all items all on work pursuing in Environment, and Trade on Committee the instruct We 32. (i) the effect of environmental measures on market access, especially in relation to relation in especially access, market on measures environmental of effect the (i) environmental goods and services. and goods environmental rules. The Committee shall report to the Fifth Session of the Ministerial Conference, and make and Conference, Ministerial the of Session Fifth the to report shall Committee The rules. (ii) the relevant provisions of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual of Aspects Trade-Related on Agreement the of provisions relevant the (ii) recommendations, where appropriate, with respect to future action, including the desirability the including action, future to respect with appropriate, where recommendations, of negotiations. The outcome of this work as well as the negotiations carried out under out carried negotiations the as well as work this of outcome The negotiations. of (iii) labelling requirements for environmental purposes. environmental for requirements labelling (iii) paragraph 31(i) and (ii) shall be compatible with the open and non-discriminatory nature of nature non-discriminatory and open the with compatible be shall (ii) and 31(i) paragraph developing countries, in particular the least-developed among them, and those and them, among least-developed the particular in countries, developing Work on these issues should include the identification of any need to clarify relevant WTO relevant clarify to need any of identification the include should issues these on Work the multilateral trading system, shall not add to or diminish the rights and obligations of obligations and rights the diminish or to add not shall system, trading multilateral the situations in which the elimination or reduction of trade restrictions and distortions and restrictions trade of reduction or elimination the which in situations Members under existing WTO agreements, in particular the Agreement on the Application of Application the on Agreement the particular in agreements, WTO existing under Members would benefit trade, the environment and development; and environment the trade, benefit would Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, nor alter the balance of these rights and obligations, and rights these of balance the alter nor Measures, Phytosanitary and Sanitary and will take into account the needs of developing and least-developed countries. least-developed and developing of needs the account into take will and Property Rights; and Rights; Property field of trade and environment to developing countries, in particular the least-developed the particular in countries, developing to environment and trade of field among them. We also encourage that expertise and experience be shared with Members with shared be experience and expertise that encourage also We them. among wishing to perform environmental reviews at the national level. A report shall be prepared be shall report A level. national the at reviews environmental perform to wishing on these activities for the Fifth Session.” Fifth the for activities these on 33. We recognize the importance of technical assistance and capacity building in the in building capacity and assistance technical of importance the recognize We 33. 14 ) conductedintheCTESpecialSession(CTESS), 13 Its originsandtheterms 27 WTO activities The Doha Development Agenda (DDA) WTO activities 28 The Doha Development Agenda (DDA) 15 WT/CTE/8. utai NT//77July2003 27June2003 3July2003 3July2003 13May2003 TN/TE/W/37 2003 30April TN/TE/W/35/Rev.1 2003 25April TN/TE/W/35 TN/TE/W/36 14May2003 20February 2003 30 April 2003 20February 2003 TN/TE/W/32 10February 2003 TN/TE/W/29 20February 2003 TN/TE/W/26 10February 2003 TN/TE/W/31 TN/TE/W/25 TN/TE/W/28 10February 2003 Australia TN/TE/W/23 Kinmen andMatsu Separate Customs Penghu,Territory of Taiwan, TN/TE/W/22 TN/TE/W/24 China China TN/TE/W/21 Switzerland TN/TE/W/20 European Communities Malaysia China Hong Kong, Japan Norway China Hong Kong, India Canada Switzerland United States inMEAs Paragraph 31(i)– WTO rulesand “specific trade obligations” 33. 32and Conference inCancúnonthework undertaken sinceDohaunderbothParagraphs Some MembersinformedtheCTE oftheirexperienceinthisrespect. encourages thesharing ofexpertiseandexperienceonnationalenvironmentalreviews. Paragraph 33also transition andleast-developed WTO Member (andacceding)governments. between policy-makers fromMinistriesofbothtrade andenvironmentindeveloping, environmentandsustainabledevelopmenttoenhancethedialogue between trade, The objectiveoftheseregionalseminarsistoraise awareness onthelinkages Africa. Jamaica andSouth Hungary, Djibouti, These wereheldinBolivia, least-developed countries. regional seminarsontrade andenvironmentforgovernment officialsfromdevelopingand five aswella numberofMEAs, UNCTAD, incooperation withtheUNEP, organized, theSecretariat part ofcontinuedtechnicalassistanceinthetrade and environmentarea, as In2003, inparticulartheLDCs. field oftrade andenvironmenttodevelopingcountries, Declaration recognizestheimportanceoftechnicalassistance andcapacitybuildinginthe The Doha discussed technicalassistanceandcapacitybuildingpursuanttoParagraph 33. Members Moreover, continued itsanalysisoftheotheritemsworkprogramme. 7July2003 19June2003 development; theenvironmentand reduction oftrade restrictionsanddistortionswouldbenefittrade, andthosesituationswheretheeliminationor inparticulartheLDCs, developing countries, 21May2003 TN/TE/W/38 25 April 2003 following issues: togiveparticularattentionthe on itsagendawithincurrenttermsofreference, TN/TE/W/34 inpursuingworkonallitems The Declaration instructstheCTE, reflect themandatetherein. 21February 2003 28January 2003 TN/TE/W/33 Regular work(CTERegular) TN/TE/W/27 2003 30April TN/TE/W/19/Corr.1 17June2003 United States TN/TE/W/19 United States TN/TE/W/30 OECD Secretariat JOB(03)/116 State ofQatar State ofQatar State ofQatar Paragraph 31(iii)–Environmental goodsandservices European Communities Switzerland Paragraph 31(ii)–Informationexchangeandcriteriaforobserverstatus nacrac ihteDh adt,theCTEreportedtoFifthMinisterial In accordancewiththeDohamandate, The CTEalso eachoftheseitemswas discussed. During thefourmeetingsheldin2003, labellingrequirementsforenvironmentalpurposes. - and therelevant provisionsoftheagreementon TRIPS; - especiallyinrelation to theeffectsofenvironmentalmeasuresonmarket access, - theCTErestructureditsworksoastobetter Following theDohaMinisterialDeclaration, 15 TN/MA/W/18/Add.4 WT/CTE/W/228 TN/MA/W/33 TN/MA/W/24/Corr.1 TN/MA/W/24 TN/MA/W/18/Add.5 rd,debtandfinance(Paragraph 36) Trade, would beconsideredatthenextDedicatedSession. Itwas agreedthatanysuchproposal would addresstheconcernsoflandlocked countries. ZambiaandZimbabwe). Uganda, Swaziland, Rwanda, Paraguay, Mongolia, , Mali, Kyrgyz Republic, Malawi, , BurkinaFaso, , Botswana, Bolivia, , Armenia, WTO Members andotherswhowerecandidatesforaccession(, circulated attheFifthMinisterialConferenceindocument WT/MIN(03)/W/22 byagroupof The Memberswhoraised theissuereferredtorecommendations Dedicated Session. Small economies(Paragraph 35) o-giutrlpout,rules andservices. non-agricultural products, market accessfor agriculture, on relevant developmentsinthefollowingnegotiatingareas: theCTEreceivedbriefingsbySecretariat In2003, development appropriatelyreflected. inordertohelpachievetheobjectiveofhavingsustainable aspects ofthenegotiations, eachactasaforumtoidentifyanddebatedevelopmentalenvironmental mandates, withintheirrespective CTE andtheCommitteeon Trade andDevelopment(CTD)shall, also providedanumberofwritten andoral submissions. the World Bankandregionaldevelopment bankshave theUNCTAD, together withtheIMF, The theEuropeanCommunities andthe WTOAfrican Group. Secretariat, Cuba, Argentina, Written contributions totheGroup’s workhavebeenmadeby and thetermsoftrade. andtheissueofcommodities trade timing andsequencingofinternal andexternalreforms, the trade financing, WTO andmarket access, are therelationshipbetweentrade andfinance, Amongthemainthemesidentified after the MinisterialConference. by the Working Group, which reportsontheworktodateandembodiesproposedthemes forfurtherexamination informal meetingswerenecessarytoreachanagreementon WTO document WT/WGTDF/2, aswellseveral heldin MarchandJune2003, twoformalmeetings, To thisend, basis. onaconsensus Group totheGeneral CouncilandtheMinisterialConference inCancún, foreign indebtedness. andunsustainable thethreatofrecurringfinancialcrises, unstable capitalflows, mostimportantly trading systemofavariety ofinternationalfinancialproblems, The issueoflandlocked developingeconomieswas alsoraised atthe6 the nextmeeting. The proponentsagreedtodosofor proposals inlightofthecommentstheyhadreceived. document WT/COMTD/SE/1. Members submittedareporttotheGeneral Councilcontainedin considered theissue, After having as thebasisformakingrecommendationstoFifthMinisterialConference. the proposalsalreadymadebyproponentsof Work Programme onSmallEconomies introduced adraft decisiononsmalleconomiesrequestingthe WTO General Counciltouse and Trinidad and SriLanka, Tobago SolomonIslands, Paraguay, Mauritius, Honduras, FijiIslands, DominicanRepublic, Cuba, Bolivia, Belize, The delegationsofBarbados, possible languageforaparagraph relatingtosmalleconomiesintheMinisterialDeclaration. Membersconsidered Intherun-uptoFifthMinisterialConference, WT/COMTD/SE/M/4-6. Detailedreportsofthesemeetingscanbefoundindocuments formal meetings. General Council, of the relationship between trade, debt and finance, and of any possible any of and finance, and debt trade, between relationship the of Council, General to is work this of objective The economies. small of trade the to relating issues examine recommendations on steps that might be taken within the mandate and competence of the of competence and mandate the within taken be might that steps on recommendations small, of integration fuller the for identified issues trade-related the to responses frame WTO to enhance the capacity of the multilateral trading system to contribute to a durable a to contribute to system trading multilateral the of capacity the enhance to WTO sub-category a create to not and system, trading multilateral the into economies vulnerable solution to the problem of external indebtedness of developing and least-developed and developing of indebtedness external of problem the to solution make and programme work the review shall Council General The Members. WTO of Members requestedthepreparation ofspecifictrade-related proposalswhichtheybelieve eadn utial eeomn Prgah5) MinistersagreedinDohathatthe Regarding sustainabledevelopment(Paragraph 51), The work programme for2003focusedontheadoptionofreport Working The mandate reflectsconcernsofMembersabouttheeffectsontrade andthe the of auspices the under Group Working a in examination, an to agree We “36. Members suggestedthatproponentsreviewtheir After theFifthMinisterialConference, Members continuedtheir Work Programme onSmallEconomiesin2003duringthree to Council, General the of auspices the under programme, work a to agree We “35. countries, and to strengthen the coherence of international trade and financial policies, with policies, financial and trade international of coherence the strengthen to and countries, Conference.” Ministerial the of Session Fifth the to action for recommendations a view to safeguarding the multilateral trading system from the effects of financial and financial of effects the from system trading multilateral the safeguarding to view a monetary instability. The General Council shall report to the Fifth Session of the Ministerial the of Session Fifth the to report shall Council General The instability. monetary Conference on progress in the examination.” the in progress on Conference th 29 WTO activities The Doha Development Agenda (DDA) WTO activities 30 The Doha Development Agenda (DDA) 17 16 Annex ofdocument WT/WGTTT/4. WT/WGTTT/5. Working Group’s reporttotheGeneral Council. transfer ofESTs. transparent andenforceableenablingenvironmentonthe the beneficialeffectsofastable, The submissionnoted operating inthefieldofEnvironmentallySound Technologies (ESTs). experience withtransfer oftechnologytodevelopingcountries throughtechnologycentres was madebythedelegationofSwitzerlandwhichexaminedSwiss Sound Technologies” desirability ofinternationallyagreeddisciplinesontransfer oftechnology. andtheneedfor set by WTO agreementsduetothelack ofrequiredtechnology; thedifficultiesfacedbydeveloping countriesinmeetingthestandards technology transfer; theimpactoftariffpeaksandescalationindeveloped countrieson technology; restrictive practices adoptedbymultinationalenterprisesintheareaoftransfer of the provisions containedinvarious WTO Agreements relatingtotechnologytransfer; recommendations madeinthatsubmissionincludedanexaminationofthedifferent The context ofthemandatecontainedinparagraph 37oftheDohaMinisterialDeclaration. concrete andpractical stepstofacilitatetransfer oftechnologytodevelopingcountriesinthe where theproponentsfeltthatrecommendationscouldbemadeby Working Groupon The paperhighlightedanumberofareas flows oftechnologytodevelopingcountries”. recommendations onstepsthatmightbetaken withinthemandateof WTO toincrease Venezuela andZimbabwemadeajointsubmissionon “Possible Tanzania, Pakistan, technology transfer toLeast-DevelopedCountries(LDCs). Italsoconsidered incentivesthatcouldpromoteandencourage capacity ofhostcountries. effectiveIPRprotectionregimesandtheabsorptive technology transfer oftheprivate sector, The paperdiscussedtheimportantroleincontextof technologies couldbeacquired. the differenttypesoftechnologythatcouldbetransferred andtheways inwhichthose Itlooked at the ways inwhichthosecomponentscomplementandinteract witheachother. components thatintheproponentsviewmadeupconceptoftransfer oftechnologyand identifiedthedifferent whichwas alsosubmittedtothe TRIPS Council, The paper, “Reflection Paper on Transfer of Technology to Developing andLeast-DevelopedCountries”. effectively implemented. extent towhichtheexisting WTO provisionsrelatingtotechnologytransfer hadbeen itwouldbeimportanttoexaminethe step infulfillingthe Working Group’s mandate, to Transfer Pakistan of andZimbabweon Inthepaperitwas stressedthatasafirst Technology“Provisions Relating in WTO Mauritius, Agreements”. Kenya, Jamaica, Indonesia, India, Honduras, Egypt, These includedasubmissionbythedelegationsofCuba, technology. Group aspartofitsexaminationtherelationshipbetweentrade andtransfer of progress ofworktotheMinistersatCancún. held ontheelementsof Working Group’s reporttotheGeneral Councilforreportingthe Discussionswerealso studies relatingtotherelationshipoftrade andtransfer oftechnology. Taxonomy ofCountryExperiencesonInternational containingcase Technology Transfers” “A submissions byMembersandabackgroundpaperpreparedtheSecretariattitled. of thesemeetingsarecontainedindocuments WT/WGTTT/M/5-7. Trade andtransfer oftechnology(Paragraph 37) the Singaporeissues. NAMAand cotton, namelyagriculture, on thefourmainareasofdivergence; remained suspendedandasdecided byMembersinitialconsultationshavefocused SincetheFifthMinisterialConference workinthe Working Grouphas Conference. for consideration atits24-25July 2003 MeetingandforreportingtotheFifthMinisterial 2003, Membersadoptedthe Work Programme for (Working Group)heldon28November2002, action beyondthemandateandcompetenceof WTO. theyarelikely toinvolve agreement canbereachedonsolutionstoproblemsinthisarea, General Council, of the relationship between trade and transfer of technology, and of any of and technology, of transfer and trade between relationship the of Council, General possible recommendations on steps that might be taken within the mandate of the WTO to WTO the of mandate the within taken be might that steps on recommendations possible increase flows of technology to developing countries. The General Council shall report to the to report shall Council General The countries. developing to technology of flows increase Fifth Session of the Ministerial Conference on progress in the examination.” the in progress on Conference Ministerial the of Session Fifth ttefnlmeigo h okn ru edo 0Jl 03 Membersadoptedthe At thefinalmeetingof Working Group heldon10July2003, A submissiontitled “Creating Incentives forthe Transfer of Technology ofEnvironmentally Nigeria, Kenya, Jamaica, Indonesia, India, thedelegationsofCuba, Subsequently, A secondsubmissionwas madebythedelegationofEuropeanCommunitiestitled During thecourseofyearanumbersubmissionsweremadeto Working The workundertaken bythe Working Groupin2003includedtheconsideration of “37. We agree to an examination, in a Working Group under the auspices of the of At theformalmeetingof Working Groupon Trade and Transfer of auspices Technology the under Group Working a in examination, an to agree We “37. sincetotheextent Cooperation withotherintergovernmentalorganizationsisessential, 16 ae nwihteWrigGophl he omlssin n20.The reports based onwhichthe Working Groupheldthreeformalsessionsin2003. 17 It was forwarded totheGeneral Council Technical cooperation andcapacitybuilding(Paragraphs 38-41) outsourcing toinstitutionalandindividual resources. thesecondinitiative was aprogramme for andto amplifyitslimitedresources, and training, Needs assessmentiscriticaltothisconcept. multilateral trading systemisparticularly vulnerable. emerging fromperiodsofstrifeorothersituationswheretheircapacity tointegrate the The trade clinicisdesignedtogiveparticularassistancecountries conducted inSierra Leone. thefirsttrade clinic was 2003sawthelaunchoftwootherinitiatives: Likewise, alones. eitherinconnectionwiththeregionaltrade policycourseprogramme orasstand regions, workshops foruniversityprofessorsinthefieldofinternationaltrade wereheldinseveral foreseen intheplanforthatyear. whichwereheldintheregions. the sevenadvanced coursesforseniorofficialsonthe DDA, mentionshouldbemadeof Inthesamevein, is givenoncurrentissuesandthestateofplay. whereafullbriefing and Observerswas enhancedbytheprovisionoftwo “Geneva weeks”, Technical assistancefornon-residentMembers in collaboration withtheUniversityofNairobi. made ofthe12-weektrade policycourseheldforthesecondtimeEnglish-speaking Africa Particular mentionmaybe andabriefingforparticipantsininternshipprogrammes. NGOs), staffand introductiondaysfornewlyarrivedparticipantsin WTO work(delegates, LDCs, introductioncoursesspecificallyaimedat specializedcourses, 12-week trade policycourses, includingfour Geneva-based courses, aspects ofthe WTO agreements andnegotiationissues, andtheDevelopmentDivisioncreated. were mergedinMarch2003, the TheWTO’s Technical workprogramme. Cooperation Divisionandthe Training Institute a reorganizationoftheSecretariatdesigned, in 2003wasInadditionthere the Technical Assistance Plan(WT/COMTD/W/104/Rev.2). the development dimension of the multilateral trading system, and we welcome and endorse and welcome we and system, trading multilateral the of dimension development the the New Strategy for WTO Technical Cooperation for Capacity Building, Growth and Growth Building, Capacity for Cooperation Technical WTO for Strategy New the Integration. We instruct the Secretariat, in coordination with other relevant agencies, to agencies, relevant other with coordination in Secretariat, the instruct We Integration. support domestic efforts for mainstreaming trade into national plans for economic for plans national into trade mainstreaming for efforts domestic support (i) Some otherfeaturesofthe2003 TRTA programme are: In ordertoassisttheSecretariatin carryingoutitsresponsibilitiesintechnicalassistance An enhancedprogramme ofcollaboration withtheacademiccommunitywas pursued: whichrepresents99% ofwhatwas 431activitieswerecarriedoutin2003, In all, Technical assistanceandtraining activitiescomprisedregionalandnationalseminarsonall “38. We confirm that technical cooperation and capacity building are core elements of elements core are building capacity and cooperation technical that confirm We “38. h rnia eil o iigefc oteudraig otie nprgah 38-41 The principalvehicleforgivingeffecttotheundertakingscontainedinparagraphs development and strategies for poverty reduction. The delivery of WTO technical assistance technical WTO of delivery The reduction. poverty for strategies and development shall be designed to assist developing and least-developed countries and low-income and countries least-developed and developing assist to designed be shall countries in transition to adjust to WTO rules and disciplines, implement obligations and obligations implement disciplines, and rules WTO to adjust to transition in countries exercise the rights of membership, including drawing on the benefits of an open, rules-based open, an of benefits the on drawing including membership, of rights the exercise multilateral trading system. Priority shall also be accorded to small, vulnerable, and vulnerable, small, to accorded be also shall Priority system. trading multilateral transition economies, as well as to Members and Observers without representation in representation without Observers and Members to as well as economies, transition benefits onhumanandinstitutional capacitybuildinghavebeendeliveredbythis The JointIntegrated Technical Assistance Programme(JITAP) Geneva. We reaffirm our support for the valuable work of the International Trade Centre, Trade International the of work valuable the for support our reaffirm We Geneva. which should be enhanced. be should which assistance with bilateral donors, in the OECD Development Assistance Committee and Committee Assistance Development OECD the in donors, bilateral with assistance relevant international and regional intergovernmental institutions, within a coherent policy coherent a within institutions, intergovernmental regional and international relevant framework and timetable. In the coordinated delivery of technical assistance, we instruct the instruct we assistance, technical of delivery coordinated the In timetable. and framework Director-General to consult with the relevant agencies, bilateral donors and beneficiaries, to beneficiaries, and donors bilateral agencies, relevant the with consult to Director-General 39. We underscore the urgent necessity for the effective coordinated delivery of technical of delivery coordinated effective the for necessity urgent the underscore We 39. identify ways of enhancing and rationalizing the Integrated Framework for Trade-Related for Framework Integrated the rationalizing and enhancing of ways identify Technical Assistance to Least-Developed Countries and the Joint Integrated Technical Integrated Joint the and Countries Least-Developed to Assistance Technical Assistance Programme (JITAP). Programme Assistance predictable funding. We therefore instruct the Committee on Budget, Finance and Finance Budget, on Committee the instruct therefore We funding. predictable Administration to develop a plan for adoption by the General Council in December 2001 December in Council General the by adoption for plan a develop to Administration that will ensure long-term funding for WTO technical assistance at an overall level no lower no level overall an at assistance technical WTO for funding long-term ensure will that than that of the current year and commensurate with the activities outlined above. outlined activities the with commensurate and year current the of that than 40. We agree that there is a need for technical assistance to benefit from secure and secure from benefit to assistance technical for need a is there that agree We 40. building in various paragraphs in this Ministerial Declaration. We reaffirm these specific these reaffirm We Declaration. Ministerial this in paragraphs various in building commitments contained in paragraphs 16, 21, 24, 26, 27, 33, 38-40, 42 and 43, and also and 43, and 42 38-40, 33, 27, 26, 24, 21, 16, paragraphs in contained commitments reaffirm the understanding in paragraph 2 on the important role of sustainably financed sustainably of role important the on 2 paragraph in understanding the reaffirm technical assistance and capacity-building programmes. We instruct the Director-General to Director-General the instruct We programmes. capacity-building and assistance technical 41. We have established firm commitments on technical cooperation and capacity and cooperation technical on commitments firm established have We 41. report to the Fifth Session of the Ministerial Conference, with an interim report to the to report interim an with Conference, Ministerial the of Session Fifth the to report General Council in December 2002 on the implementation and adequacy of these of adequacy and implementation the on 2002 December in Council General commitments in the identified paragraphs.” identified the in commitments inter alia inter tooptimizethedeliveryofthispart , Concrete andpractical 31 WTO activities The Doha Development Agenda (DDA) WTO activities 32 The Doha Development Agenda (DDA) Least-developed countries(Paragraphs 42and43) motnei tahdt cnldn ceso rceig sqikya osbe In importance isattachedto “concluding accessionproceedingsasquicklypossible. Accessions ne aarp 41DDA(WT/MIN/(03)/3). under Paragraph 2003 canbefoundintheDirector-General’s reporttotheCancúnMinisterialConference funds madeupofdonations. andthebalanceintrust millionwas fortheregularbudget, ofwhichCHF6 million, CHF30 the needsofbeneficiaries. soastobeablerespondbetter to inparticularnationalones, implementation ofactivities, andanaccruedflexibilityinthe products thatprocuresustainablecapacitybuilding, ashifttoward withclearobjectivesforeachproduct, particular aproduct-basedapproach, enshrining suchcooperation weredevelopedandsignedin2003. andanumberofMOUs continuedunabated, regionalorbilateral, whether international, countries (LDCs) in the Zanzibar Declaration adopted by their Ministers in July 2001. We 2001. July in Ministers their by adopted Declaration Zanzibar the in (LDCs) countries recognize that the integration of the LDCs into the multilateral trading system requires system trading multilateral the into LDCs the of integration the that recognize meaningful market access, support for the diversification of their production and export base, export and production their of diversification the for support access, market meaningful and trade-related technical assistance and capacity building. We agree that the meaningful the that agree We building. capacity and assistance technical trade-related and The DohaMinisterialDeclaration welcomesnewMembersofthe WTO andstatesthat “42. We acknowledge the seriousness of the concerns expressed by the least-developed the by expressed concerns the of seriousness the acknowledge We “42. Further informationonthetechnicalassistanceandtraining programme andactivitiesin In financialtermstheprogramme for2003calledcontributionsofapproximately in The preparations ofthe TA Planfor2004sawtheintroductionofnewconcepts, The Secretariat’s effortstocreateacultureofcooperation withotherprovidersof TRTA, (iii) (ii) integration of LDCs into the trading system and the global economy will involve efforts by all by efforts involve will economy global the and system trading the into LDCs of integration WTO Members. We commit ourselves to the objective of duty-free, quota-free market access market quota-free duty-free, of objective the to ourselves commit We Members. WTO for products originating from LDCs. In this regard, we welcome the significant market access market significant the welcome we regard, this In LDCs. from originating products for improvements by WTO Members in advance of the Third UN Conference on LDCs (LDC-III), in (LDC-III), LDCs on Conference UN Third the of advance in Members WTO by improvements , May 2001. We further commit ourselves to consider additional measures for measures additional consider to ourselves commit further We 2001. May Brussels, progressive improvements in market access for LDCs. Accession of LDCs remains a priority for priority a remains LDCs of Accession LDCs. for access market in improvements progressive TA-providers (countriesaswellmultilateral andregionalinstitutions). projectsandactivitiesbeingdeliveredinresponsetotheDohamandatesby terms, involumeandvalue This reportshows, Technical Assistance andCapacityBuilding. WTO andtheOECDproducedinJuly2003SecondJointReporton Trade-Related the Basedonthedetailedinformationavailable inthe TCBDB, http://tcbdb.wto.org. available forconsultationbyanyinterestedpartyatthefollowinginternetaddress: The TCBDB is preliminary 2003informationreportedbytechnicalassistanceproviders. the OECDupdatedweb-based Trade CapacityBuildingDataBasewith2002and WTO/OECD Trade CapacityBuilding DataBase(TCBDB) assist inthecoordinateddeliveryoftrade-related technicalassistance. Itisalsoimportantasamechanismto make trade anengineforeconomicgrowth. tohelp priorities intonationaldevelopmentplans/povertyreductionstrategy papers, andZambia). The IntegratedFramework (IF) Uganda, Tunisia, Tanzania, Senegal, Mozambique, Mauritania, Malawi, Mali, Kenya, Ghana, Côted’Ivoire, Cameroon, BurkinaFaso, Botswana, namely (Benin, AfricancountrieswerebeneficiariesunderJITAP, atotalof16 In2003, Programme. the Membership. We agree to work to facilitate and accelerate negotiations with acceding with negotiations accelerate and facilitate to work to agree We Membership. the LDCs. We instruct the Secretariat to reflect the priority we attach to LDCs’ accessions in the in accessions LDCs’ to attach we priority the reflect to Secretariat the instruct We LDCs. annual plans for technical assistance. We reaffirm the commitments we undertook at LDC-III, at undertook we commitments the reaffirm We assistance. technical for plans annual and agree that the WTO should take into account, in designing its work programme for LDCs, for programme work its designing in account, into take should WTO the that agree and the trade-related elements of the Brussels Declaration and Programme of Action, consistent Action, of Programme and Declaration Brussels the of elements trade-related the with the WTO’s mandate, adopted at LDC-III. We instruct the Sub-Committee for Least- for Sub-Committee the instruct We LDC-III. at adopted mandate, WTO’s the with Developed Countries to design such a work programme and to report on the agreed work agreed the on report to and programme work a such design to Countries Developed programme to the General Council at its first meeting in 2002. in meeting first its at Council General the to programme Least-Developed Countries (IF) as a viable model for LDCs’ trade development. We urge We development. trade LDCs’ for model viable a as (IF) Countries Least-Developed development partners to significantly increase contributions to the IF Trust Fund and WTO and Fund Trust IF the to contributions increase significantly to partners development extra-budgetary trust funds in favour of LDCs. We urge the core agencies, in coordination in agencies, core the urge We LDCs. of favour in funds trust extra-budgetary with development partners, to explore the enhancement of the IF with a view to addressing to view a with IF the of enhancement the explore to partners, development with 43. We endorse the Integrated Framework for Trade-Related Technical Assistance to Assistance Technical Trade-Related for Framework Integrated the endorse We 43. the supply-side constraints of LDCs and the extension of the model to all LDCs, following LDCs, all to model the of extension the and LDCs of constraints supply-side the the review of the IF and the appraisal of the ongoing Pilot Scheme in selected LDCs. We LDCs. selected in Scheme Pilot ongoing the of appraisal the and IF the of review the request the Director-General, following coordination with heads of the other agencies, to agencies, other the of heads with coordination following Director-General, the request provide an interim report to the General Council in December 2002 and a full report to the to report full a and 2002 December in Council General the to report interim an provide Fifth Session of the Ministerial Conference on all issues affecting LDCs.” affecting issues all on Conference Ministerial the of Session Fifth The IFisamechanismforintegrating trade n20,the WTO and In 2003, 19 18 TN/CTD/7. WT/L/508. pca eso,undertake consultations onhowtomovethe processforward. Special Session, incoordination withtheChairmanofCTDin that theChairmanofGeneral Council, andagreed General Counciltook noteofthereportandstatementsthatweremade, the Atthatmeeting, Council instructtheSpecialSession oftheCTDtosuspendfurtherwork. itwas suggestedthat theGeneral Intheinterim, effect tothemandatecontainedtherein. andthelegalpractical meansto give on Implementation-RelatedIssues and Concerns, regarding paragraph 44oftheDohaMinisterial Declaration andparagraph 12oftheDecision asitconsideredappropriate, recommended thattheGeneral Councilprovideclarification, In viewoftheapparentdifferencesamongstMembersSpecialSessionalso later date. Members hadagreedinprincipleanddecidedtorevertthequestion oftheiradoptiontoa aeVre tipa Nepaland attendedandbriefedthe33 Ethiopia, , The Chairpersonsofthe Accession assistance forLDCsaccessions. Working Parties ofBhutan, LDCs’ Accession Working Parties aswellperiodicreportsbytheSecretariaton technical iitra ofrne(TMN0)2.Atits34 Ministerial Conference(WT/MIN(03)/2). Guidelines werehighlightedintheStatusReportofDirector-General totheFifth Stepstaken tofacilitateandaccelerate LDCs’accessionsandimplementthe (Job(03)/87). assistance providedbythe WTO toaccedingLDCswas alsoconsideredatthemeeting Apaperonthestate-of-playofLDCs’accessionsandtechnical had remainedinactive. and(ii)toactivate asquicklypossibleLDCaccessionswhich negotiations hadadvanced; theaccessionofLDCswhose (i)tocompletebyCancúnorasquicklyfeasible, namely: of theSub-Committeesupportedatwo-track strategy withregardtoLDCaccessions, Members acceding governmentsindicatedthattheGuidelineswereincreasinglybeingused. The exchangeofviewsandsharingbestpractices betweenMembersand Committee. Special anddifferentialtreatment(Paragraph 44) at its32 theSub-Committee consideredtheitemonaccessionofLDCs In2003, committee onLDCs. (paragraph 42). ...” accessions intheannualplansfortechnicalassistance. We instructtheSecretariattoreflectpriorityweattachLDCs’ acceding LDCs. We agreetoworkfacilitateandaccelerate negotiationswith priority fortheMembership. (paragraph 9). we arecommittedtoaccelerating theaccessionofleast-developedcountries.” particular, 10 December2002. of LDCsasforwarded bytheSub-CommitteeandadoptedGeneral Councilon stressed ontheimplementationandregularmonitoringofGuidelines Accession on the Agreement-specific proposals(containedin Annex IIIofthereport) Members agreedtorecommendthattheGeneral Counciltake noteoftherecommendations Withrespecttothe “way forward”, to anadditionaleight Agreement-specific proposals. reporting deadlineof10February 2003. view tocominganagreementonasmanyofthe Agreement-specific proposalsbeforethe Consultationswereheldwitha Agreement-specific proposalsshouldbetreatedinthefuture. while thesubmissionbyUnitedStatesoutlinedviewsonways inwhichtheoutstanding The firsttwosubmissionssuggestednewlanguageforanumberofproposals, United States. theLDCsand bythe African Group, meetings afurtherthreesubmissionsweremade, Duringthose Members continuedtheirconsideration ofthe Agreement-specific proposals. resultedinthedeadlinebeingfurtherextendedto10February 2003. “way forward” lackofagreementonmostthe Agreement-specific proposalsandonthe However, 2002. December Failure tomeetthisdeadlineledtheextensionof31 2002”. Members “to reporttotheGeneral CouncilwithclearrecommendationsforadecisionbyJuly LDCs’ accessionscontainedindocumentJob(03)/191. Italsotooknoteofanupdateonthestate-of-play accession ofCambodiaandNepal. part of the WTO Agreements. We note the concerns expressed regarding their operation in operation their regarding expressed concerns the note We Agreements. WTO the of part addressing specific constraints faced by developing countries, particularly least-developed particularly countries, developing by faced constraints specific addressing countries. In that connection, we also note that some Members have proposed a Framework a proposed have Members some that note also we connection, that In countries. Agreement on Special and Differential Treatment (WT/GC/W/442). We therefore agree that agree therefore We (WT/GC/W/442). Treatment Differential and Special on Agreement The commitmenttoaccelerate theaccessionofLDCsisbeing addressed intheSub- AccessionofLDCsremainsa A separate sectionontheaccessionofLDCsnotesthat “ ... At theformalmeetingheldon6and10February Memberswereabletoagreeinprinciple oneformalmeetingandanumberofinformalmeetingswereheldatwhich During 2003, required Paragraph 12oftheDecisiononImplementationRelatedIssuesandConcerns, integral an are treatment differential and special for provisions that reaffirm We “44. all special and differential treatment provisions shall be reviewed with a view to view a with reviewed be shall provisions treatment differential and special all strengthening them and making them more precise, effective and operational. In this In operational. and effective precise, more them making and them strengthening connection, we endorse the work programme on special and differential treatment set out in out set treatment differential and special on programme work the endorse we connection, the Decision on Implementation-Related Issues and Concerns.” and Issues Implementation-Related on Decision the nd eso,its33 Session, 18 Such monitoringwouldincludeexchangeofviewswiththeChairs rd Session andits34 th eso.The Sub-Committeeatits32 Session. th eso,theSub-Committeewelcomed Session, rd Session oftheSub- 19 on which nd Session 33 WTO activities The Doha Development Agenda (DDA) WTO activities 34 The Doha Development Agenda (DDA) 20 Job(03)68. Trade NegotiationsCommittee early in2004. Itishopedthatworkinthisareawillre-start areyettobeadopted. principle agreement, Asaresultthe28 Agreement-specific proposals onwhichthereisanin- Singapore issues. NAMAandthe cotton, to initiallyfocusonthefourmainareasofagriculture, Cancún theworkofSpecialSessionwas suspendedfollowingthedecisionbyMembers Annex CatCancún. endeavour tomeettheseconcernsafurtherthreerecommendationswereincludedin inan Accordingly, strengthened bytheadditionofsome Agreement-specific proposals. of thedraft Ministerialtextandstressedthattheproposedpackageshouldbe Members expressedconcernaboutthevalue oftherecommendationscontainedin Annex C some ondevelopmentissues, Cancún bytheKenyan Ministerasthe “facilitator” During theconsultationscarriedoutat carried outintheCTDSpecialSession. tobe aswellonallotheroutstandingissues, remaining agreement-specificproposals, andforworkonthe undertheclosemonitoringofGeneral Council, continued therein, provided forworkontheproposalsreferredtonegotiatingorother WTO bodiestobe Italso whichprovidedfortheadoptionofdecisionsin Annex Cofthattext. Cancún, This progresswas reflectedinparagraph 11ofthereviseddraft ministerialtextsentto 25 recommendationsbyMembersforspecificactionon26agreement-specificproposals. AnnexCtothedraft Ministerialtextcontained Accordingly, Agreement-specific proposals. recommendations forpossibleadoptionbytheMinistersatCancúnonanumberof convergence ontheproposals. The consultationsresultedinvarying degreesof faithful totheaimofproponents. attempted tofindlanguagewhichcouldbridgethegapbetweenMemberswhileremaining The Friends Norway andtheUnitedStates)onsomeofproposalsincategory I. Kenya, EC, Bangladesh, sought thehelpofFriends oftheChair(AmbassadorsBrazil, theChairmanofGeneral Councilalso Duringthecourseofconsultations, text. which progressdidnotseempossiblewithoutacertaindegreeofredrafting oftheoriginal andon contained 12proposalsonwhichthereappearedtobeawidedivergenceofviews, categoryIII Finally, part ofwhichwas beingconsideredintherespective WTO bodies. theoperative and11, been madeinareasonwhichmandatednegotiationswereongoing, 27ofwhichhad CategoryIIcomprised38proposals, to haveagreaterdevelopmentalvalue. there appearedtobeagreaterlikelihood ofmakingrecommendationsandwhichappeared and26otherproposalsonwhich 12 proposalsonwhichMembershadagreedinprinciple, CategoryIcontained38proposalscomprisedthe were dividedintothreebroadcategories. allthe88 Agreement-specific proposals Accordingly, address theminanefficientmanner. andthataninformalcategorizationoftheproposalswas essentialinorderto addressed; namelythatallthe Agreement-specific proposalsremainonthetableandwillbe premises, before Cancún. negotiating energytounblocking themainstrategic issuesintheremainingweeks Hestressedtheneedtodirectallpossible for theotherpersontoshowhishand. Too oftennegotiatorshadjustbeenwaiting Members didnotyethaveareal negotiation. butoverall itwas stillinsufficient. showed thatprogresshadbeenmade onallfronts, theChairmansaidthathisreport InreportingtotheJulyGeneral Council, Cancún. submitted totheGeneral CouncilinJuly2003forsubsequenttransmittal toMinistersat togetherwithareportbythe TNC Chairmanwere These reports, Ministerial Conference. subsidiary bodiesandundertookanoverviewofthenegotiationsin relationtotheFifth ChadandMali. Benin, agriculture negotiationsonbehalfofhiscountry, whopresentedaproposalforsectoral initiativeinfavourofcottonthe Blaise Compaoré, Mr E. H. meeting inJune2003was marked bythevisitofPresidentBurkinaFaso, Its continued theworkonoutstandingimplementationissuesithadstarted in2002. Italso 7 bodiesithadestablishedtoundertake negotiationsinspecificsubjectareas. Conference. the TNC playedakey roleinthepreparations fortheCancúnMinisterial General Council, Operating undertheauthorityof supervizing theprogressofnegotiations. specific tasksofestablishingappropriatenegotiatingmechanismsasrequiredand consultations theChairmancirculatedanapproachpaper Onthebasisofthose on howtotake forward thereviewofallS&Dtreatmentprovisions. oee,lk h rf iitra et ne o a o dpe tCnú.After AnnexCtoowas notadoptedatCancún. like thedraft Ministerialtext, However, After lengthyandprotracted consultationsMemberswereabletoagree tomake tisls etn eoeteMnseilCneec,the TNC receivedreportsfromits At itslastmeetingbeforetheMinisterialConference, discussingreportsbytheChairpersonsof The Committee met6timesin2003, withthe The Trade NegotiationsCommittee(TNC)was established byMinistersatDoha, theChairmanofGeneral Councilbeganconsultations In pursuanceofthismandate, 20 based ontwofundamental I.WTO accessionnegotiations III. V Work of theGeneral Council IV. Accessions Waivers under Article IXofthe WTO Agreement Section IIontheDohaDevelopment Agenda above). (See commitments andtheacceptanceofrulesdisciplines WTO system. accession processtothemaximumextentpossibleonbasisofmeaningfulmarket-access desire hasreceivedwidesupportfrom WTO Memberswhoarecommittedtoaccelerating the Thisby asignificantnumberofaccedinggovernmentstojointhe WTO assoonpossible. thereisastronginterest consultations inotherimportantsectorswithinthe WTO continue, andYemen. Viet Nam, , , , Tonga, , , , , and , , RussianFederation, , LaoPDR, Kazakhstan, Ethiopia, accession tothe WTO: therewere25governmentsintheprocessof Asof31December2003, negotiations. levels andcommercialpresenceforforeignservicesuppliers)arethesubjectofbilateral Terms and conditionsrelatedtomarket access(such as tariff of individualworkingparties. Applicationsfor WTOform agovernment’s membershiparethesubject commercialpolicies. andallothermeasureswhich legislationtoenforceintellectualpropertyrights, and services, suchasmarket accessconcessionsandcommitmentsongoods trade policiesandpractices, Accessionnegotiationsconcernallaspectsoftheapplicant’s conduct ofitstrade policies. under theproceduresestablishedin1995. This madeCambodiaandNepalthefirsttwoLDCstocompletetheiraccessionnegotiations oftheaccessionpackagesCambodiaandNepal. the MinisterialConferenceinCancún, at Amajorachievementwas theadoption, Yugoslav RepublicofMacedoniain April 2003. addition totheusualtrade benefits–away ofunderpinningtheirdomesticreformprocess. accessiontothe WTO offersthesecountries–in centrally-planned tomarket economies, With manyofthecandidatescurrentlyundergoingaprocesstransitionto GATT. from a processthathasbecomemorecomplexbecauseofthe WTO’s increasedcoverage relative the worldtrading systemhaverequestedaccessiontothe WTO andareatvarious stagesof Manyofthenationsthatremainoutside 2004) accountformorethan90%ofworldtrade. The 146Membersofthe WTO (asofendJanuary truly globalinscopeandapplication. rne n8July2002 until1January 2016(WT/L/478). granted on 8 July2002until7March2005(WT/L/476). 8 theGeneral Councilconductedareviewofthefollowingwaivers: it isgranted, waiver granted foraperiodofmore than oneyearbereviewednotlaterafter Agreement assetoutin Table II.2below. working partytoexaminetheapplicationasafirststepinaccession negotiationprocess. andestablisheda from theGovernmentofEthiopiaforaccessionto WTO Agreement, included thefollowing. theworkofGeneral Council Duringtheperiod underreview, covered inSectionIIabove. Work oftheGeneral Council inrelationtotheDohaDevelopment Agenda is Agreement. inadditiontocarryingoutthespecific tasksassignedtoitbythe WTO Conference, intheintervals betweenmeetingsoftheMinisterial taking actionsnecessarytothiseffect, fe h oaMnseil smnae eoitosi od,servicesand TRIPS and asmandatednegotiationsingoods, After theDohaMinisterial, CapeVerde, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bhutan, , Bahamas, Azerbaijan, , , WTO membershipisopentoanyStateorcustomsterritoryhavingfullautonomyinthe andtheFormer Armeniain February, the WTO receivedtwonewmembers: In 2003, An importanttaskfacingthe WTO isthatofmakingthenewmultilateral trading system LDCs– Article 70.9ofthe TRIPS Agreement with respecttopharmaceuticalproducts, - granted El Salvador on – Agreement onImplementation of Article VII ofGATT 1994, - IX:4ofthe WTO Agreement requiringthat any underprovisionsof Article In December, The General Councilgranted anumberofwaivers fromobligationsunderthe WTO theGeneral Councilconsideredanapplication During theperiodcoveredbythisreport, and The General Council(GC)isentrustedwithcarryingoutthefunctionsof WTO, 35 WTO activities Work of the General Council WTO activities 36 Work of the General Council utai,Bai,Cnd,Ire,Jpn oe,Piipns iraLoe hiad United Arab Emirates, Thailand, Sierra Leone, Philippines, Korea, Japan, Israel, Canada, Brazil, Australia, theGeneral Councilgranted thefollowingwaivers fromobligationsunder WTO During theperiodunderreview, Agreements: Waivers under Article IXofthe WTO Agreement Table II.2 Taiwan, Penghu,KinmenandMatsu;Slovenia;Switzerland;Venezuela. a the followingcountrieshavemadesuchnotifications: Bulgaria;Croatia; CzechRepublic; European Communities;Hungary;Mauriti sal–Itouto fHroie ytm19 hne noWOShdlso aifCnesos2 uy20 0Otbr20 WT/L 30October2003 WT/ 24July2003 31October200 30 April 2004 Israel –Introduction ofHarmonizedSystem1996changesinto WTO Schedulesof Tariff Concessions 24July2003 El Salvador –IntroductionofHarmonizedSystem1996changesinto WTO 24July2003 Schedulesof Tariff Concessions Argentina –IntroductionofHarmonizedSystem1996changesinto WTO Schedulesof Tariff Concessions r ak Tasoiino ceueit h amnzdSse 4Jl 033 coe 03WT/L/532 31October 2003 24July2003 WT/L/5 WT/L 30 April 2004 WT/ WT/L 30 April 2004 24July2003 31October2003 Sri Lanka–Transposition ofScheduleintotheHarmonizedSystem 30 24July2003 April 2004 Panama –IntroductionofHarmonizedSystem 1996changesinto WTO Schedulesof Tariff Concessions 24July2003 Pakistan –IntroductionofHarmonizedSystem 1996changesinto WTO Schedulesof Tariff Concessions 24July2003 Morocco –IntroductionofHarmonizedSystem1996changesinto WTO Schedulesof Tariff Concessions Malaysia –IntroductionofHarmonizedSystem1996changesinto WTO Schedulesof Tariff Concessions hiad–Itouto fHroie ytm19 hne noWOShdlso aifCnesos2 uy20 1Otbr20 WT 31October2003 24July2003 Thailand –IntroductionofHarmonizedSystem1996changesinto WTO Schedules of Tariff Concessions In accordance withthetermsof waiver, anyMembermaybecovered bythewaivernotifyingCouncilforTrade inGoods United States–KimberleyProcessCertificationSchemeforRoughDiamonds avr rne nEpr aeDecision Expirydate Granted on Waivers Other issues nldd eiwo h xmto rvddudrprgah3o AT19;concerns 3 ofGATT 1994; reviewoftheexemptionprovidedunderparagraph included: These other issueswerebroughttotheGeneral Councilforconsideration andreview. Several accession (inDecember2001)oranearlierdatedecidedbytheGeneral Council. withafinal reviewinthetenthyearfollowingChina’s year foraperiodofeightyears, review isrequiredtobeconductedbytheGeneral Counciland16subsidiarybodieseach Council conductedasecondreviewofChina’s This implementationofits WTO commitments. theGeneral accordance withtransitional reviewprovisionsinChina’s Protocolof Accession, in InDecember, revert tothequestionofdatethatSessionatasubsequentmeeting. The General Councilwill ChinatohosttheSixthSessionof MinisterialConference. Kong, preferential treatmentforBosnia-Herzegovina. theGeneral Councildecidedtoterminatethewaiver for Turkey’sHerzegovina sincethatdate, issues initswaiver andthat Turkey accordednopreferentialtreatmentforBosnia- with Bosnia-Herzegovina–whichhadenteredintoforceon1July2003coveringallofthe 1995 until31December2005(WT/L/104). December2006(WT/L/381). until 31 December2007(WT/L/436). 31 granted on14November2001until31December2005(WT/L/437). Bananas, December2000until312006(WT/L/380). granted on8 (WT/L/441). granted on20December2001until312003 Related InvestmentMeasures, 2006 (WT/L/440). 1996 until31December2006(WT/L/183). March2004(WT/L/406). 2001 until31 until 30June2009(WT/L/304). (WT/L/185). nOtbr theGeneral CouncildecidedtoacceptanofferfromtheGovernmentofHong In October, andnotingthat Turkey hadsignedaFree-TradeIn thecourseofreview, Agreement granted on15November UnitedStates–CaribbeanBasinEconomicRecovery Act, - Turkey granted on8December2000 –Preferential Treatment forBosnia-Herzegovina, - EC– granted on14November2001until The ACP-EC Partnership Agreement, - EC– Transitional RegimefortheEC Autonomous Tariff rate QuotasonImportsof - EC– Autonomous Preferential Treatment totheCountriesof Western Balkans, - Colombia–Extensionofthe Application of Article 5.2ofthe Agreement on Trade- - December2001until31 granted on20 Cuba– Article XV:6 ofGATT 1994, - UnitedStates–Former Trust granted on14October Territory ofthePacific Islands, - granted on18July Switzerland–Preferencesfor Albania andBosnia-Herzegovina, - Preferential Tariff granted on15June1999 Treatment forLeast-DevelopedCountries, - granted on14October1996until31December2006 Canada–CARIBCAN, - a 16 December2003 16 December2003 16 December2003 WT/L/518 31December2006 15 May2003 us; Romania;SeparateCustomsTerritory of ofitswishtodoso.As31December, 0Arl20 WT/L/555 2004 30 April WT/L/554 2004 30 April WT/L/525 3 WT/L/556 /L/527 L/523 L/530 /531 /528 /529 24 .Trade ingoods V. 21 formal CTGdocument. The OECDpaperwas notcirculated asa o umr fCGwr ntaefcltto,seeits2003 Annual Report(G/L/665). For asummaryofCTGworkontrade facilitation, Rules oforigin andareviewof WTO activitiesonthebasisofreportsfromsubsidiarybodies. UNCTAD/WTO; ajointsubsidiaryorganofthe Advisory GroupoftheInternational Trade Centre, areportfromtheJoint to removeandavoidinconsistenciesinthetextsof WTO Agreements; aproposal as aproposalregardinganti-dumpingactionsintheareaoftextilesandclothing; aswell about potentialreductioninmarket (quota)accessfortextilesandclothingin2004, Market Access hne oshdlso ocsin.Several waiver decisionselaborated inconnectionwith changes toschedulesofconcessions. andtheintroductionofHS96HS2002 concessions intotheHarmonized System (HS), Committee madesomeprogressin itsworkrelatedtothetransposition ofschedules The twiceinformalsessionandonceinformal session. Committee metonlythreetimes, contained indocumentsG/RO/45anditsaddenda. The negotiatingtextsare December2004. to completeitsremainingtechnicalworkby31 followingresolutionofthecorepolicyissues, The GCalsomandatedtheCRO, policy issues. theGCsetJuly2004asnewdeadlinefor completion ofthe94core InJuly2003, Origin. Members havedifferingviewsonhowtointerpret Article 3(a)of Agreement onRules of of theimplementationharmonizedrulesoriginuponother WTO Agreements. theimplications i.e., block totheprogressofHWPwas theso-calledimplications issue, Amajorstumbling- 94 corepolicyissuestotheGCfordiscussionanddecision(G/RO/52). theCROhadforwarded AttheGCmeetinginJuly2002, to one-hundred-and-thirty-seven. asaresultofwhichthenumberunresolvedissuesisnowreduced 2001 and19in2002, andtheCROresolvedmorethan300outstandingissuesin of theHWPbegantoaccelerate, finalized withintheforeseendeadline(July1998). theHWPcouldnotbe duetothecomplexityofissues, However, completion ofthework. substantial progresswas achievedinthethreeyearsforeseen Agreement for Muchworkwas doneintheCROand TCRO and Committee onRulesofOrigin(TCRO). Rules ofOrigin(CRO)inconjunctionwiththe World CustomsOrganization’s Technical harmonization ofnon-preferentialrulesorigintobeaccomplishedbytheCommitteeon The Agreement setsoutaHarmonization to trade. Work Programme (HWP)forthe rules oforiginandtoensurethatsuchdonotthemselvescreateunnecessaryobstacles two camefromobservers(OECD andtheUnitedStates), NewZealand, Japan, EuropeanCommunities, Canada, (Australia, ofwhichsixoriginatedfromMembers contributions weresubmittedtotheCouncil, Ninewritten least-developed countriesand(iii)technicalassistancecapacitybuilding. particularlydevelopingand (ii)trade facilitationneedsandprioritiesofMembers, and X; (i)GATT Articles VIII V, (March andJune)todiscussthefollowingthreecoreagendaitems: theCTGmettwiceinformalsession work programme forthetimeuntilFifthMinisterial, Inaccordancewiththe by §27oftheDohaDevelopment Agenda (WT/MIN(01)/DEC/1). 34 oftheDohaMinisterialDeclaration. report toMinistersontheworkprogramme onelectroniccommerceassetoutinparagraph Italsoconsideredits under whichtheCRTA wouldexamine14regionaltrade agreements. The CTGadoptedthetermsofreference of allwaivers canbefoundindocumentG/L/665. Details request relatingtotheKimberleyProcessCertificationSchemeforRoughDiamonds. includingthewaivernumber ofwaiver requestsunder Article IXofthe WTO Agreement, the periodicreportsofCommitteeonMarket Access anddiscussedand/orapproveda The Counciltook noteof phasing outofremaining TRIMs withrespecttocertainMembers. review oftheoperation ofthe TRIMs Agreement under Article 9andalsodiscussedthe theCouncildiscussed On TRIMs, subsidiary bodiesweresenttotheGeneral Council. togetherwiththereportsofits theCouncilreport, stipulated in Annex I(A)oftheProtocol; of theProtocol Accession ofChinawithrespecttotheinformationrequirements The CouncilcarriedoutChina’s Transitionalsession. Reviewinconnectionwithparagraph 18 n20,mc ftefcswso h oangtain,asa result ofwhichthe muchofthefocuswas ontheDohanegotiations, In 2003, The pace The CROcontinueditsworkunderthemandatefromGeneral Council(GC). The mainobjectiveofthe Agreement onRulesofOriginistoharmonizenon-preferential asmandated The GoodsCouncilalsocontinuedtotake uptheissueoftrade facilitation, During theyear2003Councilfor Trade inGoods(CTG)metfivetimesformal 21 and WCO) andonewas preparedbythe WTO Secretariat. , 37 WTO activities Trade in goods WTO activities 38 Trade in goods the latesttariffinformationavailable intheSecretariatwerenotedbyCommittee. thestatusofnotificationsonquantitativerestrictionsand Finally, People’s RepublicofChina. conducted thereviewforeseenunderparagraph 18oftheProtocol Accession ofthe The Committee technical issuesrelatingtothelinkagebetweentwodatabases. theCommitteebegantoexamine Additionally, and FAO tothesetwodatabases. OECD The CommitteeapprovedrequestsforaccessfromtheITCB, Schedules (CTS)database. theIntegrated DataBase(IDB)andtheConsolidated Tariff Secretariat onitstwodatabases, The Committeetooknoteoftheworkdoneby changes toschedulesofconcessions. provided bytheSecretariatonexistingprocedurestoincorporate HS96andHS2002 abriefingwas At therequestofCommittee, waiver. including theHS2002 “collective” these exerciseswereapprovedandforwarded totheCouncilfor Trade inGoodsforaction Trade ininformationtechnologyproducts(ITA) Import licensing Customs valuation consultations continuedwithrespecttoITA II. andnotedthat reviewedtheimplementationofDeclaration, classification divergences, proceededwithitsworkon Morocco), Egypt, China, schedules ofnewparticipants(Bahrain, theCommitteeapproved Additionally, with itsPilotProjectonthisparticularNTM. the particularimpactofEMC/EMIstandardsonITtrade andtheCommitteehascontinued Inthisrespecta Workshop was heldtoexamine the economicanddevelopmentalimpacts. measures’ (NTMs)workprogramme toidentifyNTMsthatimpactITtrade andtoexamine theCommitteecontinueditsworkonnon-tariff During2003, schedule ofcommitments. The detailsarecontainedineachparticipant’s slightly longerimplementationperiod. while theremainingitemsforcertainparticipantswillgradually reachzerowitha countries, mostofthisoccurredon1January 2000formany instruments willbereducedtozero; andscientific software, semiconductormanufacturing equipment, semiconductors, equipment, telecommunications tariffsoncomputers, the Ultimately, customs territories. to inSingapore1996andhasbeenacceptedby61 WTO Membersandstatesorseparate Accession ofChina. carried outitssecond Transitional ReviewpursuanttoSection18oftheProtocol and 70 notificationssubmittedby41Membersundervarious provisionsofthe Agreement, reviewed Agreement hadbeenthemainpreoccupationofCommitteeforsometime, the lackofcomplianceMemberswithtransparency obligationsofthe information concerninglicensingproceduresandnotificationtotheCommittee. publicationof Agreement establishestimelimitsforprocessingoflicenceapplications, The licensed importsonthesamebasisasforofgoodsnotrequiringimportlicences. simplificationofproceduresandprovisionforeignexchangetopayfor and administration, fairandequitableapplication notificationtotheCommitteeon ImportLicensing, procedures, a neutral andnon-discriminatorymanner. and bringingtransparency totheirimportlicensingproceduresandadministeringthemin governmentscommitthemselves tosimplifying BybecomingMembersofthe WTO, measures. administratively moreburdensomethanabsolutelynecessarytoadministertherelevant andarenot on importsoverandabovethosewhichthelicensingsystemadministers, of implementationquantitativeorotherrestrictions)donotactasadditionalrestrictions andthatnon-automatic importlicensingprocedures(licensingforthepurposes restrict trade, ensure thatautomaticimportlicensingproceduresarenotusedinsuchamannerasto Itcontainsprovisionsto for granting importlicencesdonotinthemselvesrestricttrade. import licensingsystemswiththeprincipalobjectiveofensuringthatproceduresapplied netnini tl edn gemn yMmes nadto,a ered fourMembers atyearend, Inaddition, an extensionisstillpendingagreement byMembers. Onerequestfor AnnexIII. the delayperiodinaccordancewith theprovisionsofparagraph 1, One Member(United Arab Emirates) was granted anextensionof 20.1 ofthe Agreement. application oftheprovisions Agreement inaccordancewiththeprovisionsof Article again on6October2003(G/VAL/M/36). and6October 2003(G/VAL/M/35) and 22July, May, on23 February (G/VAL/M/34), 28 The MinisterialDeclaration on Trade inInformation Technology Products(ITA) was agreed notedthat The CommitteeonImportLicensingheldtwomeetingsduringthisperiod, The obligationscontainedinthe Agreement includepublicationofimportlicensing The Agreement onImportLicensingProceduresestablishesdisciplinestheusersof uigtepro ne eiw nodeveloping countryMembersmaintaineddelayed During theperiodunderreview, on During 2003theCommitteeonCustoms Valuation hasheldthreeformalmeetings, the year. Textiles andclothing The Technical Committeepresentedreportsonits16 Agreement. uniformityofinterpretationandapplicationthe atthetechnicallevel, promote, Technical Committeeundertheauspicesof World CustomsOrganization(WCO)to the Councilfor Article18ofthe TradeAgreement establisheda WTO inGoodsG/VAL/56. ItsubmitteditsreportonthisReviewto Section 18oftheProtocol Accession ofChina. theCommitteealsocompletedChina’s Transitional Reviewinaccordancewith meeting, Atthis AnnexIII ofthe Agreement. concerning oneMember’s interpretationofparagraph 2, seventhandeighthannualreviewsremainsblocked byanunresolvedissue sixth, fifth, adopted its2003reporttotheCouncilfor Adoptionofthefourth, Trade inGoods. theCommittee Atitsmeetingof6October, Implementation-Related IssuesandConcerns. in connectionwithitsmandateunderparagraph 8.3oftheDohaDecisionon delay period)havenotyetmadeanynotification. (of whichonehadanextensionandrequestedofthe Article 20.1 Fifty-sevenMembers, Valuation Agreement and doesnotincludeindividualEECMembers). Tokyo RoundCustoms Valuation Agreement remainedvalid underthe WTO Customs which havesubmittedcommunicationsindicatingthattheirlegislationnotifiedunderthe notified theirnationallegislationoncustomsvaluation (thisfigureincludesthe14Members 74Membershave Atyearend, notifications aresubjecttoexaminationintheCommittee. Such inform theCommitteeonCustoms Valuation ofanychangesinthisregard. andarerequiredto administrative proceduresconformwiththeprovisionsof Agreement, MadagascarandSriLanka). Guatemala, the Article IXwaiver provisions(ElSalvador, orunder AnnexIIIforminimumvalues, maintained reservations granted underparagraph 2, had beenexpressed”. positions andthatMembersshould “continue toreflectonthevarious viewsthat Council couldtake noteofthestatementsbyMemberswithoutanyprejudiceto their Heconcludedthat theGeneral consensus was possibleonhowbest todealwiththisissue. Henoted thatno oral reportonthesituation totheGeneral Councilon31July2002. Agenda above. ontheDohaDevelopment The resultsofthisworkarereportedunderSectionII, July 2002. and tomake recommendationsforappropriateactiontotheGeneral Councilbytheendof ItcalledupontheCTGtoexaminethesetwoproposals application ofquotagrowthrates. throughchangesinthemethodologyfor access improvementsinthecontextof ATC, of whichtworelatetopossiblemarket several proposalsrelatingtotextilesandclothing, circulated inJulyof2004. onthebasisofafullreport Textiles MonitoringBodytobe Council inthefallof2004, of thethirdandfinalstageimplementation ATC willbeundertaken bythe General Theadopted bytheCouncilfor review Trade inGoodson23July 2002(documentG/L/556). asscheduled. implementation, restraining membershavere-affirmedoverandagaintheircommitmenttofull ATC Theconcerns havebeenexaminedindetailthepreviousreporton WTO activities. These USandCanada). the Agreement bycertainMembersmaintainingrestraints (EC, regime. 2004 withtheintegration ofallremainingproductsandthefullremoval ofthequota The processwillbecompletedon31December Members atthebeginningofthirdstage. imports underspecificquotarestrictionshadbeenliberalized bythemainimporting Ithasbeenestimatedthatabout20%of 51% oftheMember’s totalimportsin1990. at least, Total productintegration isnow, minimum of18%productswereintegrated. a on1January 2002, inthethirdstage, a further17%inthesecondstage(1998-2002); products accountingforatleast16%ofthetotalvolumeeachcountry’s importsin1990; inthefirststage(1995-1997), The integration was tobeachievedthroughthreestages: thesequotas mustberemoved. quotas carriedoverfromtheformerMultifibre Arrangement, iftheintegrated productsaresubjecttobilateral Furthermore, rules applytotheirtrade. theyareremovedfromthe Agreement andnormalGATT whenproductsareintegrated, ATC, Underthe clothing sectorfullyintoGATT 1994rulesanddisciplinesbytheendof2004. a ten-yeartransitional agreementwithaprogramme togradually integrate the textile and ttemeig n2 a,2 uyad6Otbr theCommitteecontinueditswork 22Julyand6October, At themeetingson23May, regulationsand Members aretoensurethattheirlaws, In theareaofnotifications, ie h ifrne nvesaogMmes theChairmanofCTGpresented an Given thedifferencesinviewsamong Members, The Doha MinisterialDecisiononImplementation-RelatedIssuesandConcernscontains The reportonthemajorreviewofsecondstageimplementation ATC was The exportingdevelopingMembershaveexpressedconcernsontheimplementation of The Itis Agreement on Textiles andClothing(ATC) enteredintoforceon1January 1995. th and 17 th Sessions during 39 WTO activities Trade in goods WTO activities 40 Trade in goods programmes andanumberofissuesinrespectother obligationsunderthe ATC. includingintegration Members inrespectofactionstaken undertheprovisionsof ATC, of theissueshandledby TMB duringthattime(G/L/650). also providinganoverview CTG coveringtheperiod15October2002to222003, the TMB adoptedanannualreport tothe Inaddition, by the TMB duringthattime(G/L/632). andprovidingasummary ofthemattershandled period 15October2002to23June2003, coveringthe adopted areportconsistinginanupdatetoits2002annualtheCTG, The TMB detailed reportsofthesemeetingsarecontainedindocumentsG/TMB/R/96-105. own detailedworkingprocedures. The which areinvolvedinanunresolvedissueunderreviewbythe TMB alsohasits TMB. not requiretheassentorconcurrenceofthosemembersappointedby WTO Members States. andtheUnited Bulgaria); Turkey (Switzerland, Brazil); Peru (Guatemala, Japan; (Thailand); Indonesia India(Tunisia); Bangladesh); China(Korea, HongKong, European Communities; the China); Macao, China(Pakistan; Canada(Norway); member (oralternate)inthe TMB: on thebasisofrotation. Most oftheconstituenciesoperate are selectedfromwithintheconstituencyofmember. Alternates The TMB membersmayappointtheiralternates. acting onanadpersonambasis. appointedanindividualtobethe TMB member, inturn, constituencies)which, Members (i.e. decision includedtheallocationoftenseatsto WTO Membersortogroupingsof Theunder the ATC (2002-2004)was decided bytheGeneral CouncilinDecember2001. by Membersundertherelevant provisionsofthe ATC. relyingmainly onnotificationsandinformationsupplied necessary tocarryoutitsfunctions, Itisastandingbodyandmeetsas and tenmemberswhoactintheirpersonalcapacity. ItconsistsofaChairman measures taken underthis Agreement andtheirconformitywithit. The Textiles MonitoringBody(TMB) er nemr,consensusonthisissuewas alsoimpossibletoreachamongMembers. Once more, year. inthis increase inthe2004quotalevelstoaccountfornon-existenceof “carry forward” 6% theyproposeda “notional” Inthiscontext, effects onthemarket accesslevelsfor2004. with distortive demand overandabovethequantitativelimitsfor2004woulddisappear, fromnextyear’s quotatofulfillmarket theirrightto “carry forward” existence in2005, sincequotaswouldnolongerbein to developingexportingMemberswas thefactthat, renounce arightembodiedinthe Asecondissueofconcern WTO Anti-Dumping Agreement. indicatingtheycouldnot ImportingMembersresponded, commitment byMembers. beconvertedintoafirmbinding subject toquantitativerestrictionsunderthe[ATC]” previously exports... initiating investigationsinthecontextofanti-dumpingremedieson... inrelationto “particular consideration before endeavors commitmentcontainedtherein, developingexportingMembersproposedthatthebest- related IssuesandConcerns, 4.2oftheDecisiononImplementation- recallingpar. First, relation totextilesandclothing. twonewproblemsemergedin2003 Inaddition, cooperation activitiesrelatedtothe ATC. were carefullydiscussedin WTO technical well asdevelopedimportingMembers, as challenges andopportunitiesofadjustmentfacingbothdevelopingexportingMembers, the Inthiscontext, This influencewillintensifyin2004. of the WTO inthisarea2003. weretwofactorsthatinfluencedconsiderably thework clothing aroundtheworldin2005, possible impactofaquota-freeenvironmentontrade andproductionpatternsoftextiles eerdt bv,andconcludedwithnoconsensus. referred toabove, themeetingofGeneral CouncilheldinJuly2003discussedagaintheproposals clothing, 2003 bythe TMB thattheUnitedStatesimplement thenecessaryadjustmentsinits forconsideringitselfunabletoconformwiththerecommendationmade inJanuary the ATC, integration contained inthe ATC. decided toremind WTO Membersofthenotificationrequirement regardingthefinalstageof the TMB Atthisoccasion, January 2005)ofJapan. and clothingsectorintoGATT 1994on1 thefullintegration ofthetextile took noteofthefourthstageintegration programme (i.e. The TMB clarification regardingcertainaspectsoftheadditionalnotification made byBolivia. third stage(2002to2004)oftheintegration process of Boliviaanddecidedtoseek oeseiial,the TMB, More specifically, The TMB examined anumberofnotificationsandcommunicationsreceivedfrom WTO The the TMB heldtenformalsessions. January 2004, February 2003to31 In theperiod1 consensuswithinthe TMB does However, The TMB takes allofitsdecisionsbyconsensus. At thebeginningof2003following WTO Membersappointedindividualstoserveas The compositionofthe TMB’s membershipforthethirdstageofintegration process The TMB hasthetaskofsupervisingimplementation ATC andexaminingall The prospectsrelatedtotheterminationof ATC on31 At theinitiativeofsomedelegationsdevelopingcountriesexporterstextilesand h M osdrdteraosgvnb h ntdSae,prun oAtce8.10of pursuant to Article The TMB consideredthereasons givenbytheUnitedStates, inter alia inter continueditsexaminationoftheprogramme ofthe , st eebr20,andthe December 2004, oigit fet h M loosre htmaue ratos otherthan those falling The TMB alsoobservedthatmeasuresoractions, coming intoeffect. within60daysoftheir taken underanyGATT 1994provision, on textileandclothingproducts, any other WTO bodieswithrespecttoanynewrestrictionsorchanges in existingrestrictions notificationssubmittedto foritsinformation, which statesthatMembersshallprovide the TMB, 3.3ofthe ATC recallingthenotification requirementscontainedin Article contained inthe ATC, the TMB stressedtheimportanceofMember’s adherencetothenotificationrequirements Inthefirstinstance, information requirementsembodiedinthe ATC ontwodifferentoccasions. from theLDCs. lrfcto sncsay nti otx,the TMB, Inthiscontext, clarification asnecessary. havingrequestedadditionalinformationand 2onimportsfromFYROM, reference to Article the notificationmadebyUnitedStatesofquantitativerestrictionsmaintainedwith of theFormer the YugoslavTMB tooknoteof RepublicofMacedonia(FYROM)tothe WTO, followingtheaccession Similarly, observations madewithrespecttothisnotificationbyChina. requested additionalinformationandclarificationasnecessaryalsoconsideredthe the TMB Insodoing, 2ofthe ATCTurkey onimports fromChina. withreferenceto Article ofthequantitativerestrictionsmaintainedby following theaccessionofChinato WTO, Understanding.” of Article XXIIIofGATT 1994andtherelevant provisionsoftheDisputeSettlement Member maybringthematterbeforeDisputeSettlementBodyandinvoke paragraph 2 either the matterremainsunresolved, after suchfurtherrecommendations, “[i]f, 8.10, Article under The TMB furtherrecalledthat, communication receivedfromtheUnitedStates. itwas neitherrequirednormandatedtoaddressthesubstanceof Article 8.10, followingtherecommendation TMB hadmadeunder observingthat, communication, regret thatthematterremainedunresolvedandtooknoteofUnitedStates’ The to amenditsmethodologyconformthe TMB expressed TMB’s recommendation. Working Party theUnitedStatesdidnotintend reportonthe Accession ofChinatothe WTO, includingparagraph 241ofthe United Stateswas consistentwithits WTO obligations, sincetheUSpositioncontinuedtobethatmethodologyusedby which statedthat, the TMB receivedacommunicationfromtheUnitedStates Subsequently, that hadtobemet. view tobringingitinlinewiththe TMB’s conclusionregardingtheminimumrequirements witha implement forthwiththenecessaryadjustmentsinitsrespectivemethodologyapplied, the TMB recommendedthattheUnitedStatesreconsideritspositionand Consequently, prorate the25%increaseforshortperiodofChina’s actualmembershipduringStage2. justified undertherelevant provisionsoftheaccessioninstrumentsChinaand ATC to The TMB continued tobeoftheviewthatithadnotbeen change itsrecommendation. the TMB concludedthattheydidnotleaditto thorough consideration ofthesereasons, Following a respective growthrates oftherestrictionsmaintainedonimportsfromChina. methodology appliedinprovidingtheincreaseforStage2ofintegration processinthe inter alia inter respect toimprovementstheCanadianpreferentialschemeforleast-developed countries, notification CanadahadsubmittedtotheCommitteeon Trade andDevelopmentwith quota yearandbybringingforward theterminationdate oftherestriction. 3ofthe ATCChinese by increasingtherestraintTaipei levelforthelast pursuantto Article quantitative restrictionmaintainedbyBrazil onimports ofcertaintextileproductsfrom tomodifythephase-outprogramme ofthe agreement betweenthetwoMembers, notifiedtogetherwiththeabove-mentioned reached betweenBrazil andChinese Taipei, the TMB alsotooknoteofanagreement Inthatcontext, 6ofthe ATC. provisions of Article werejustifiedinaccordancewiththe respectively, between Brazil andtheRepublicofKorea, TMB determinedthattheagreementsreachedbetweenBrazil andChinese Taipei and the andhavingreviewedthemain elementsoftheagreementsreached, respective case, relevant factualinformationprovidedbyBrazil inaccordancewith Article 6.7ineach Havingexaminedindetailthespecificand woven fabricsfromthetwoMembersconcerned. These transitional safeguardmeasuresaffectedimportsbyBrazil ofcertain respectively. between Brazil andChinese Taipei andbetweenBrazil andtheRepublicofKorea, full 27%increaseintherespectivegrowthrates applicabletoStage3alsofortheyear2003. invitedtheUnitedStatestoreconsideritspositionandimplement therefore, The TMB, insteadofprorating itfortheperiodofFYROM’s actualmembershipduringthatyear. 2003, increase intherespectivegrowthrates shouldhavebeenimplementedinfullfortheyear the27% 2.14(b) toFYROMfor2003(sincehadbecomeaMemberinthatyear), United Stateshadconcludedthatitbeenappropriatetoapplytheprovisionsof Article The TMB foundthatoncethe implemented bytheUnitedStateswithrespecttoFYROM. the growth-on-growthprovisionsprovidedforin Article 2.14ofthe ATC hadbeen The TMB discussed thequestionofMember’s implementation ofthenotificationand The TMB continueditsconsideration andtooknoteofthenotificationmadeby Turkey, h M oknt fantfcto yCnd,frteBd’ nomto,ofthe fortheBody’s information, The TMB tooknote ofanotificationbyCanada, 6.9of the ATCThe therestraint measuresagreed TMB reviewedpursuantto Article providing forduty-freeandquota-freeaccesstoalltextileclothing imports inter alia inter consideredthemannerinwhich , 41 WTO activities Trade in goods WTO activities 42 Trade in goods orgnu,andG/SPS/GEN/204/Rev.4. corrigendum, G/SPS/R/31and and corrigendum, 25 24 23 22 /P//9adcriedm G/SPS/R/30 G/SPS/R/29 andcorrigendum, JOB(03)/100. G/SPS/R/32. G/SPS/28. under amandatefromtheGeneral Council. phytosanitary standardonwoodpackagingmaterialwerealsoconsideredbytheCommittee. the implementationofUSBioterrorism Act andtheimplementationofinternational Anumberofquestionsandconcernsregarding fresh fruitsandgeneticallymodifiedproducts. fish, andmeasuresaffectingtrade inbeef, levels ofpesticideresiduesandcontaminants, concernsregardingmaximum measuresrelatingtovarious diseasesofpoultry, outbreaks, Agriculture notified toany WTO bodyorbroughttotheattentionof TMB. withoutbeing or havingabearingontheimplementationofotherprovisions ATC, fallingundertheprovisionsof Article 3.3 or policiesadoptedanddevelopedbysomeMembers, assuminginparticularthatagreementshadbeenreachedbetweencertainMembers request, the TMB reiterated its observed thatnosuchnotificationofinformationhadbeenreceived, having Subsequently, forinformation. of the ATC shouldalsobebroughttotheitsattention, havingabearingontheimplementationofotherprovisions under theprovisionsof Article 3.3, Sanitary andphytosanitarymeasures for afurther36months. andagreedtoextendtheprocedure continued tomonitortheuseofinternationalstandards, theSPSCommittee Following theprovisionalproceduresadoptedinOctober1997, Review underParagraph 18oftheProtocol Accession ofthePeople’s RepublicofChina. ag fseii rd ocrs includingmanyrelatedtoindividualnotifications. range ofspecifictrade concerns, theprovisionsofSPS Agreement alsoapplytoLDCs. 2000, Since1January requirements wheneverthesedifferfromtherelevant internationalstandards. Advance noticemustbegivenofproposednewregulationsormodificationsto encouraged. The useofinternationally-developedstandardsis assessment ofthehealthrisksinvolved. The measuresmustbejustifiablethroughan a disguisedrestrictiononinternationaltrade. andarenotappliedinamannerwhichwouldconstitute aretransparent, scientific principles, arebasedon safety andanimalorplanthealthmeasuresarenecessaryforprotection, Governmentsmustensurethattheirfood plant andanimalhealthfrompestsdiseases. or toprotect toprotecthumanhealthfromplant– oranimal-spreaddiseases, food safety, Agreement”) setsouttherightsandobligationsofMemberswhentakingmeasurestoensure related implementationissues(seeSectionIIontheDohaDevelopment Agenda above). The Committeealsotookupthreeagriculture- implementation oftariffquotacommitments. of China’s accessioncommitmentsunderthe Transitional ReviewMechanismwas the One ofthemattersparticularinterestduringCommittee’s secondreview of countries. Anotherissueraised frequentlyconcernedtheuseofexportsubsidiesbyanumber of 2002. and furtherclarifyitsstepstaken toimplementtheFarm SecurityandRural Investment Act anumberofMembersrequestedthattheUnitedStatesnotify For example, G/AG/R/34-37). under theprovisionsof Article 18.6ofthe Agreement (seereportofthemeetings long listofmattersrelatingtotheimplementationcommitmentswas raised byMembers afairly InthecourseofCommittee’s fourmeetingsin2003, well asexportrestrictions. as domesticsupportandexportsubsidies, specialsafeguards, administration andutilisation, undertaken onthebasisofnotificationssubmittedbyMembersinareastariffquota WTO This commitmentsresultingfromtheUruguayRoundoraccessionto reviewis WTO. Most ofthistechnicalassistancehas beenundertaken incooperation withthestandard- participated inthreeregionalSPS technical assistanceactivitiesorganizedbyotherMembers. sevennationalSPSseminarsand WTO SecretariatorganizedeightregionalSPSworkshops, the During2003, acceding countriestofacilitatetheir implementationoftheSPS Agreement. these constraints. effective operation oftheirnationalenquirypointsand onidentifyingways toovercome The meeting focusedontheproblemsMembers’enquirypointswerefacinginensuring meeting ontheoperation ofenquirypointsinconjunction withtheOctoberregularmeeting. The Committeeheldaspecial national notificationauthorityresponsiblefornotifications. and111hadidentifiedtheir information regardingsanitaryandphytosanitarymeasures, Members hadestablishedandidentifiedenquirypointstorespond to requestsfor One-hundred-and-thirty-seven since theentryintoforceofSPS Agreement in1995. issues discussedincluded, The Committeealsoaddressedanumberofimplementation-relatedissues and concerns tec fistrerglrmeig n20,theSPSCommitteeconsideredawide At eachofitsthreeregularmeetingsin2003, The Agreement onthe Application ofSanitaryandPhytosanitaryMeasures(the “SPS The Committeeon Agriculture continueditssystematicreviewoftheimplementation The WTO Secretariatregularlyprovidestechnicalassistancetodeveloping and WTO- 4,140SPSnotifications havebeensubmitted 850notificationsweresubmitted; In 2003, 25 24 inter alia inter measurestaken inresponsetofoot-and-mouth disease , 23 The Committeeconducteda Transitional 22 The icn n h rndns hiad Uruguay. Thailand; St. Vincent andthe Grenadines; Lucia; St. Kitts&Nevis; St. New Guinea; Papua Panama; Mauritius; Jordan; Jamaica; Guatemala; Grenada; Fiji; ElSalvador; Republic; Dominican Dominica; CostaRica; Colombia; purposes ofthelegislativenotification. 28 27 26 gemn,toextendtheseprovisions. Agreement, 31oftheSCM pursuant to Article Measures, the CommitteeonSubsidiesandCountervailing astherewas noconsensusin January 2000, lapsedon1 on non-actionablesubsidies, Counting theECasasingleMemberfor niu abd;Brao;Belize; Barbados; Antigua &Barbuda; The provisionsofPart IVofthe Agreement, inform theCommitteeofthisfact. thesenotifications For Memberswithout suchlegislationand/orregulations, text thereof. these notificationsconsistofthefullandintegrated with suchlegislationand/orregulations, For Members concerning nationallegislationand/orregulationsintheareaofsafeguards. 12.6ofthe Agreement Committee continueditsreviewofnotificationsunder Article been issuedforfourSPS-relatedissuesincluding: Article 27.4ofthe Agreement. of21developing-countryMembers inrespectofspecificprogrammes pursuant to 2003, forcalendar year theCommitteeapprovedrequestsforextension, In 2002, transition period. toseekextensionofthis notlaterthan31 December 2001, subsidies hadthepossibility, transition periodin Article 27.2(b) oftheSCM Agreement fortheeliminationofexport developing-country Membersandforintransformation toamarket economy. for respectively, Parts VIII andIXofthe Agreement providespecialanddifferentialtreatment, countervailing dutyinvestigationsandtheapplicationofcountervailing measuresbyMembers. application ofasafeguardmeasuretodeveloping-countryMembers. concerning decisionstoapplysafeguardmeasuresand19notificationsthenon- 19notifications of asafeguardinvestigationwithnomeasureimposed, 12notificationsoftermination serious injuryorthreatthereofcausedbyincreasedimports, 18notificationsconcerningfindingsof notifications ofapplicationaprovisionalmeasure, ten Committee reviewed16notificationsregardingtheinitiationofaninvestigation, The received andreviewedavariety ofnotificationsactionsrelatedtosafeguardmeasures. held duringthereviewperiod. werediscussedattheregularmeetingsofCommittee the implicationsofthissituation, and The extentofthenon-compliancewiththisnotificationobligation, such anotification. Thirty-one Membershadnotasofthatdatemade Committee (G/SG/N/1documentseries). safeguards legislationand/orregulationsormadecommunicationsinthisregardtothe Subsidies andcountervailing measures Safeguards 2003 regarding, apples dueto regional organizations. aswellwiththe World Bankandrelevant OIEandIPPC), setting organizations(Codex, subsidies underPart IIIofthe Agreement. prohibitedsubsidiesunderPart IIofthe Agreement andactionable divided intotwocategories: Specificsubsidiesare group ofenterprisesorindustrieswithintheterritoryaMember. The Agreement applies tosubsidiesthatarespecificanenterpriseorindustry Members. regulates theprovisionofsubsidiesandimpositioncountervailing measuresby to theCommitteebyGeneral Council. concerningaproposalreferred andvarious informalmeetings, special meetinginJuly2003, theCommitteehelda Inaddition, the Committeeby2001MinisterialConference. concerninganoutstandingimplementationissuereferredto and various informalmeetings, The Committee alsoheldaspecialmeetinginDecember2002, in April and October2003. measures whichaffordprotection. orderlymarketing arrangements oranyothersimilar maintain anyvoluntaryexportrestraints, take or ItalsostipulatesthatMembersshallnotseek, applying newsafeguardmeasures. Agreement onSafeguardsestablishesadditionalsubstantiveandprocedural requirementsfor The safeguard measurescouldbeappliedonthebasisof WTOArticle XIXofGATT 1947. PriortotheUruguayRound, industry thatproduceslike ordirectlycompetitiveproducts. seriousinjurytothedomestic orthreatentocause, imports ofthatproductarecausing, Australia’s quarantine regime. and(iii)theEuropeanCommunities’complaintagainst on freshfruitsandvegetables; (ii)thePhilippines’complaintagainst Australia’s restrictions marketing ofbiotechproducts; complaint againsttheEuropeanCommunitiesregardingmeasuresaffectingapproval and Varietals, and Japan-Fire blight Japan-Fire and Varietals, so 1Dcme 03 100Members As of31December2003, Article 27.4extensions Notifications ofactionsrelatedtosafeguardmeasures n20,disputesettlementreportswereissuedregardingtrade restrictionsonfresh In 2003, The Agreement on SubsidiesandCountervailing Measures(the “SCM Agreement”) Notification andexaminationofsafeguardslawsand/orregulationsMembers theCommitteeonSafeguardsheldtworegularmeetings, During theperiodunderreview, actionswithrespecttoaproductifincreased WTO Membersmaytake “safeguard” Erwinia amylovora Erwinia inter alia inter h P gemn:()teUie tts Canadaand Argentina’s (i)theUnitedStates, theSPS Agreement: , Developing-country Memberssubject totheeight-year 28 Three newdisputesettlementpanelswereestablishedin . oto hs ie 43programmes of19Members)were Most ofthese(i.e. fr lgt.T ae panelandappellatebodyreportshave To date, (fire blight). 27 Part V ofthe Agreement governstheconductof 26 had notifiedtheCommitteeoftheirdomestic EC-Hormones, Australia-Salmon, Japan- Australia-Salmon, EC-Hormones, uig20,theCommittee During 2003, The 43 WTO activities Trade in goods WTO activities 44 Trade in goods 29 Stewart. Hyung-Jin Kimand Terence P.Yuji Iwasawa, MarcoBronckers, MessrsOkan Aktan, follows: The currentmembership ofthePGEisas (including undertakings)inforce. Membersreported103countervailing measures Asof30 June2003, review period. data available indicatethat13newcountervailing dutyinvestigationswereinitiatedinthe the While notifications areincomplete, 30 June2003aresummarizedin Tables II.3andII.4. opinions attherequestofCommitteeoraMember. aswelltheprovisionofadvisory panels withrespecttowhetherasubsidyisprohibited, The roleofthePGEinvolves provisionofassistanceto subsidies andtrade relations. composedoffiveindependentpersonshighlyqualifiedinthefields Experts (“PGE”), Party’s discussionsattheCommittee’s regularMayandOctober2003meetings. The Chairreportedonthe Working seminar forcapital-basedofficialsheldinOctober2002. including possiblefollow-uponthesubsidynotification facilitate notificationbyMembers, met inMayandOctober2003tocontinuethediscussionsonfurtherpossiblesteps also adoptedarevisedsubsidynotificationformat(G/SCM/6/Rev.1). The Committee atitsregularandspecialmeetingsinMayOctober2003. previous years, aswellupdatingnotificationsfrom review ofthesenewandfullsubsidynotifications, The Committeecontinuedits AoftheCommittee’s 2003reporttotheCTG(G/L/655). Annex indicating thestatusof2003subsidynotificationsto29Octoberisreproducedin Atable 2003 newandfullnotificationsmaybefoundindocumentseriesG/SCM/N/95/... The The Committee willonceagainreviewthisarrangement in2005. updating notifications. submitting newandfullnotificationseverytwoyearswouldde-emphasizethereviewof Committee continuedtheunderstandingreachedin2001thatMemberswouldgivepriorityto the AtitsMay2003meeting, a notificationofspecificsubsidiesby30Juneeachyear. Article25oftheSCM Agreement requiresthatMembersmake To thisend, of the Agreement. the DohaMinisterialDecisionandinaccordancewithmethodologyG/SCM/38. updating GNPpercapitaforMemberslistedin Annex VII(b) asforeseeninparagraph 10.1of anote indocumentG/SCM/110, The Secretariatcirculated, applies. Appendix2, G/SCM/38, themethodologyforcalculatingconstant1990dollarssetforthin January 2003, 1 From GNP percapitareachedUS$1,000inconstant1990dollarsforthreeconsecutiveyears. VII(b)tothe Agreement includedtheMembersthatwerelistedthereinuntiltheir that Annex 1). the DohaImplementationDecision(documentsG/SCM/50/Add.1-G/SCM/94/Add. in G/SCM/39andthetwoprogrammes ofoneMemberonthebasisparagraph 10.6of extensions inrespectofthe43programmes of19Membersonthebasisprocedures ofthe forcalendaryear2004, export subsidyprogrammes andapprovedthecontinuation, theCommitteeconductedmandatedstandstillandtransparency reviewofthese In 2003, andeightprogrammes wereonthebasisof Article 27.4alone. 10.6 ofthatsameDecision; Member’s requestinrespectoftwoprogrammes was basedonthelanguageinparagraph one Ministers atDohaintheDecisiononImplementation-RelatedIssuesandConcerns; whichhadbeenapprovedby requests basedontheprocedurescontainedinG/SCM/39, have notyetbeenapprovedbytheCommittee. thedraft Rules Rules ofProcedureandsubmittedthemtotheCommitteeforitsapproval, 03meig,theCommitteecontinuedits reviewoflegislativenotifications. 2003 meetings, Atitsspringandautumn EoftheCommittee’s 2003reporttothe CTG(G/L/655). Annex table indicatingthestatusoflegislativenotificationsto29October2003isreproducedin A countervailing dutylegislationand/orregulations(orthelackthereof)toCommittee. Members arerequiredtonotifytheir the Agreement andadecisionoftheCommittee, ooba1Pln 1 2 Poland of Rep. Korea, Initiations 1 2 b AffectedCountry a Initiations European Communities Colombia Canada Affected Country 1 July 2002-30June 2003 Exporters subjecttoinitiationsofcountervailinginvestigations, Table II.3 adopted bytheCommittee. significant numberofmissingnotificationsor notificationsnotproviding informationrequired bythenotificationformat ni 5 India Permanent GroupofExperts Working partyonsubsidynotifications Notification andreviewofsubsidies Annex VII(b) Notification andreviewofcountervailing dutylegislation Countervailing actions The tableisbasedoninformationfrom Membersthathavesubmittedsemi-annualreports andisincompleteduetoa Includes initiationsinrespect ofindividualECMemberStates:Italy. nprgah1. fteDh mlmnainDcso,Ministersagreed In paragraph 10.1oftheDohaImplementationDecision, b Countervailing actionstaken during theperiod1July2002– a The Agreement providesforaPermanent Groupof 2 Transparency isessentialfortheeffectiveoperation The Working Party onSubsidyNotifications Total 29 Although thePGEhasdrafted Pursuant to Article 32.6of 13 Table II.4

Summary of countervailing duty actions, 1 July 2002-30 June 2003

Reporting party Initiations Provisional Definitive Undertakings Measures in force measures duties on 30.06.2003

Argentina 0 0 0 0 3 Australia 1 0 0 0 3 Brazil 1 0 0 0 0 Canada 0 0 0 0 10 Costa Rica 1 0 0 0 0 European Communities 2 2 3 1 20 Latvia 1 0 0 0 0 Mexico 0 0 0 0 1 New Zealand 0 0 0 0 1 Peru 01 10 1 South Africa 0 0 1 0 4 United States 6 3 9 0 57 Venezuela 1 0 0 0 3 Total 13 6 14 1 103

Anti-Dumping Practices

Article VI of GATT 1994 allows Members to apply anti-dumping measures on imports of a product with an export price below its “normal value” (usually, the comparable price of the product in the domestic market of the exporting country) if such imports cause or threaten to cause material injury to a domestic industry. The Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of GATT 1994 (“the Agreement”) sets forth detailed rules concerning the determinations of dumping, injury, and causal link, and the procedures to be followed in initiating and conducting anti-dumping investigations. It also clarifies the role of dispute settlement panels in disputes concerning anti-dumping actions taken by WTO Members.

Notification and review of anti-dumping legislation

WTO Members are under a continuing obligation to notify their anti-dumping legislation activities WTO in goods Trade and/or regulations (or lack thereof). Members who enact new legislation or amend existing legislation are required to notify the new text or amendment. As of 31 December 2003, 104 Members (counting the EC as a single Member) had submitted notifications regarding anti- dumping legislation and/or regulations. Twenty-seven Members had not yet submitted a notification. Review of Members’ notifications of legislation continues at the regular meetings of the Committee on Anti-Dumping Practices, on the basis of written questions and answers.

Subsidiary bodies The Committee has two subsidiary bodies, the Working Group on Implementation (formerly known as the Ad Hoc Group on Implementation), and the Informal Group on Anti- Circumvention. These bodies meet twice a year in regular session, in conjunction with the regular meetings of the Committee. The Working Group on Implementation considers, principally, technical issues concerning the Agreement. At its meetings in April and October 2003, the Working Group continued discussions on a series of topics referred to it by the Committee in April 1999, and began discussion on a new set of topics referred to it by the Committee in April 2003. Discussion proceeded on the basis of papers submitted by Members, draft recommendations prepared by the Secretariat, and information submitted by Members concerning their own practices. In the Informal Group on Anti-Circumvention, Members discuss the matters referred to the Committee by Ministers in the 1994 Ministerial Decision on Anti-Circumvention. The Informal Group met in April and October 2003, and continued discussions on the three topics under the agreed framework for discussions, “what constitutes circumvention”, “what is being done by Members confronted with what they consider to be circumvention” and “to what extent can circumvention be dealt with under the relevant WTO rules? to what extent can it not? and what other options may be deemed necessary?”.

Anti-dumping actions Anti-dumping actions taken during the period 1 July 2002 - 30 June 2003 are summarized in Tables II.5 and II.6. The tables are incomplete because certain Members have not submitted the

45 WTO activities 46 Trade in goods submitted semi-annualreports forthatperiodandisincomplete duetomissingreports and/ormissinginformationinreports. Nam. Hong Kong,China;NewZealand;Norway;Philippines; SaudiArabia;SlovakRepublic;UnitedArabEmirates;andViet eeul 16 1323 278 10 0 9 8 4 96 0 4 229 1 0 54 2 8 0 0 191 13 1 0 0 notreported 16 2 2 2 0 8 238 1 0 21 0 5 1 1 notreported 0 0 0 210 2 0 4 1 1 29 1 14 0 0 0 1 0 0 Total 2 0 0 2 29 6 5 1 2 Venezuela 87 1 56 0 204 United States 1 2 2 2 Turkey 3 0 46 Trinidad and Tobago 64 0 8 0 3 Chinese Taipei 0 0 77 9 0 3 0 0 South Africa 0 Poland 0 11 54 0 Philippines 0 11 0 1 Peru 0 14 4 4 0 New Zealand Mexico 6 67 6 38 Malaysia 0 5 5 25 Latvia 3 1 Korea Japan 17 9 Jamaica 0 12 7 15 23 8460 Indonesia 9 India 116240European Communities 14 Egypt 4 Czech Republic China Canada Brazil 48Australia Argentina 1July 2002-30June 2003 Summary ofanti-dumpingactions, Table II.5 ot fia5Urie2 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 Ukraine Poland Faeroe Islands Venezuela 3 5 3 Mexico 5 Malaysia 4 5 Kazakhstan 5 7 c 8 Brazil 10 b Chile 11 a Argentina 12 Australia 12 South Africa Pakistan 19 Singapore Total Romania 13 42 Canada Indonesia AffectedCountry Japan Thailand United States Total India Chinese Taipei Korea European Communitiesand/ormemberStates China Affected Country Exporters subjecttotwo Table II.6 b a reports. submitted semi-annualreports forthatperiodandisincompleteduetomissingreports and/ormissinginformationin 1 July 2002-30June 2003 Does notincludeexporterssubjecttoonlyone initiation(seeabove).There were 238initiationsintotal. Countries thesubjectofonlyoneinitiation ananti-dumpinginvestigationwere: Algeria;Bulgaria,CzechRepublic; The reporting periodcovers1July2002to30June2003.Thetableisbasedoninformationfrom Membershaving Includes definitivepriceundertakings. The reporting periodcovers1July2002to30June2003.Thetableisbasedoninformation from Membershaving ntain rvsoa eiiiePieMeasures inforce Price Definitive Provisional Initiations a b or more initiationsofanti-dumpinginvestigations, esrsdte netknson30.06.2003 undertakings duties measures 2Tre 4 Turkey 32 oa 227 Total a c b required semi-annual report for this period or have not provided all the information required by the format adopted by the Committee. The data available indicate that 238 investigations were initiated during the period. The most active Members, in terms of initiations, were India (67), the United States (29), China (17), the European Communities (15), Australia and Thailand (14 each) and Korea and Turkey (11 each) As of 30 June 2003, 24 Members reported anti-dumping measures (including undertakings) in force. Of the 1323 measures in force reported, 21% were maintained by the United States, 16% by India, 15% by the European Communities, 7% each by South Africa and Canada, and 6% by Argentina. Other Members reporting measures in force each accounted for 5% or less of the total. Products exported from China were the subject of the most anti-dumping investigations initiated during the period, (42), followed by products exported from the European Communities or its member States (32), the Republic of Korea (19), Chinese Taipei (13), India and the United States (12 each), Thailand (11), and Japan (10). Technical barriers to trade

During 2003, the Committee held three meetings (the reports are contained in G/TBT/M/29-31). At each meeting the Committee considered specific trade concerns brought to its attention by Members. Much of the Committee’s work in 2003 focused on the Third Triennial Review which was completed in November. Elements considered under the Review included the following: (i) the implementation and administration of the Agreement, (ii) good regulatory practice, (iii) transparency procedures, (iv) conformity assessment procedures, (v) technical assistance and special and differential treatment, and (vi) other elements. A number of recommendations were made (document G/TBT/13). The Committee held a special workshop on technical assistance on 18 March 2003. Several proposals were made on technical cooperation which could contribute to the development of the TBT-related technical cooperation program. A “Learning Event” on Labelling was held on 21-22 October. This Event was based on real-life case studies, with a particular focus on developing countries’ concerns. It was aimed at enhancing Members’ understanding of the preparation, adoption and application of labelling requirements in the context of the implementation of the TBT Agreement, as well as the impact of such requirements on market access. State Trading Enterprises

The Working Party on State Trading Enterprises was established in accordance with paragraph 5 of the Understanding on the Interpretation of Article XVII of the GATT 1994, and held its first meeting in April 1995. The Working Party held a formal meeting in activities WTO in goods Trade November 2003. The Working Party’s main task is to review the notifications and counter-notifications submitted by Members on their state trading activities. Notifications shall be made in accordance with the questionnaire on state trading adopted in April 1998 (G/STR/3). Reviews of the notifications submitted are conducted in formal meetings of the Working Party. In November 2003 the Working Party decided on a change in the frequency of the notifications requiring Members to submit new and full notifications every two years and eliminating the requirement for updating notifications (G/STR/5). This change will be implemented as of the year 2004. Notifications must be made by all Members, regardless of whether the Member maintains any state trading enterprises, and regardless of whether an existing state trading enterprise has conducted any trade during the period under review. With regard to the main task of the Working Party – the review of notifications – at its November 2003 meeting the Working Party reviewed 29 notifications: 2003 updating notifications of China; Cyprus; Guinea; Hong Kong, China; Hungary; Jordan; Liechtenstein; Macao, China; Pakistan; Poland; Slovenia; and Switzerland; 2002 updating notifications of China; Costa Rica; Cyprus; Guinea; Latvia; Moldova; Poland; Slovak Republic; Slovenia; Tunisia and Turkey; 2001 new and full notifications of China; Cyprus; Guinea; Slovak Republic; Tunisia and Turkey. At that meeting, the Working Party also adopted its annual report to the Council for Trade in Goods for the year 2003 (G/L/660). Trade-related investment measures (TRIMs)

The Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures requires WTO Members to eliminate trade-related investment measures (TRIMs) that are inconsistent with Article III or Article XI of GATT 1994. Members were given a transition period to eliminate TRIMs notified within 90 days of the entry into force of the WTO Agreement – two years in the case of developed- country Members, five years in the case of developing-country Members, and seven-years in the case of least-developed country Members. Twenty-six such notifications were made.

47 WTO activities 48 Trade in services I Trade inservices VI. Council for Trade InServices rtclrltn oFnnilSrie o cetneb hs he ebr.The three Protocol relatingtoFinancialServices foracceptancebythesethreeMembers. theCouncildecidedtore-open theFifth Uruguayand thePoland, Dominican Republic, Other issuesaddressed bytheCouncilfor Trade inServices agreed torevertthisitematits nextmeeting. The Council the implementationofsomecommitmentsintelecommunicationsservices. on arequestforwaiver madebytheGovernmentof Albania toallow Albania topostpone Organization Articles IX:3and4oftheMarrakesh Agreement Establishingthe World Trade containedindocumentS/C/22. Council, whichformedpartoftheServicesCouncil’s reportonthismatter totheGeneral S/FIN/11, contained indocument from theCommitteeon Trade inFinancialServiceson itsreview, TheProtocol of Counciltooknoteofthereport Accession ofthePeople’s RepublicofChina. Services conductedandconcludedthesecond Transitional ReviewunderSection18ofthe Republic ofChina without prejudicetoMembers’interpretationofParagraph 5ofthe Annex. Thisthe lastregularmeetingofCouncilfor was agreed Trade inServices2005. under the Annex on Air Transport Servicesandtoformallycommencethesecondreviewat The Councildecidedtoconcludethefirstreviewmandated from Australia andNewZealand. and 24October2003theCouncilheldadiscussiononbasisof, and reportbackattheCouncil’s firstformalmeetingin2004. decided toreferthisitemtheCommitteeonSpecificCommitmentsforitsconsideration theCouncil Atitsmeetingheldon3-7July2003, continued duringthereportingperiod. discussions onProposalsfora Technical Review – Article XX:2beganinJune2002andhave addressed thefollowingmatters: theCouncil Duringthereportingperiod, should bereadinconjunctionwiththisreport. containedindocuments T/S/C/17/Rev.1 and T/S/C/19, as theannualreportsbyCouncil, as well The reportsofthemeetings, meetings arecontainedindocuments T/S/C/M/ 65to69. Agreement. Protocol of Accession andsubmitteditsreporttotheCTG(G/L/648). completed itssecondannualreviewunderthe Transitional ReviewMechanismofChina’s theCommittee AtitsOctober2003meeting, the General CouncilinJuly2003(G/L/638). AreportoftheChair Committeeonthisissuewas forwarded to TRIMs Agreement. African Groupindocument TN/CTD/W/3/Rev.2 withrespectto Article 4and Article 5.3ofthe considered twoproposalsonspecialanddifferentialtreatmentthatweresubmittedbythe the TRIMs Committee instructed bytheChairmanofGeneral Councilon20May2003, as Also, Agreement concerningpublicationsinwhichinformationon TRIMs canbefound. the CommitteereviewedstatusofMembers’notificationsunder Article 6.2ofthe TRIMs request bytheCTGispending. Consideration ofthis years forthemaintenanceofcertain TRIMs initsautomobileindustry. Pakistan requestedafurtherextensionofthree InlateDecember2003, G/C/38). G/C/W/459, G/C/W/447, G/L/602, and reviewedtheprogressreportsthathadbeensubmitted(G/L/601, theCTGtookstockofsituation AtitsNovember2003meeting, out theremaining TRIMs. required toreporttheCTGbyendof2002onprogresstheyhadmadeinphasing The Membersconcernedwere extensions totheseMembersforperiodsupend-2003. andinNovember2001theCTGgranted additional transition perioduntiltheendof2001, Romaniaand Thailand weregivenextensionsofthe thePhilippines, Pakistan, Mexico, Malaysia, Colombia, eightdevelopingcountries– Argentina, InJuly2001, the Agreement. country Memberthatdemonstrates particulardifficultiesinimplementingtheprovisionsof extend thetransition periodattherequestofanindividualdevelopingorleast-developed tismeig edo 4My20 n - uy20,followingtherequestsfrom At itsmeetingsheldon14May2003 and3-7July2003, Request forawaiver fromspecificcommitmentsundertheGATS pursuantto Transitional review underSection18oftheProtocol Accession ofthePeople’s Review ofairtransportunderthe Annex on Air Transport Proposals foratechnicalreviewofGATS provisions– Article XX:2 Reportsofthe The Councilfor Trade inServicesheldfiveformalmeetingsduring2003. theCTGcontinued Article 9reviewoftheoperation ofthe TRIMs During 2003, At eachofthesemeetings, the TRIMs Committeeheldthreeformalmeetings. In 2003, theCouncilfor TradeUnder Article 5.3ofthe inGoods(CTG)may TRIMs Agreement, At ismeetingheldon5December2003theCouncilitsfirstdiscussion At itsmeetingheldon5December2003theCouncilfor Trade in ttemeighl n2 9 At themeetingheldon2, inter alia inter Substantive asubmission , I.Trade-related aspectsofintellectualproperty rights(TRIPS) VII. II Resolution oftrade conflictsunderthe WTO’s DisputeSettlementUnderstanding VIII. Overview VII ofGATS (Recognition)basedonasubmissionfromIndia. theCouncilhelddiscussionsonimplementationof Article three formalmeetingsin2003, At S/L/112andS/L/130. Decisions taken inthisregardarecontaineddocumentsS/L/111, Dispute settlementactivity in2003 information canbefoundinthe Annual Report(2003)oftheCouncilfor TRIPS (IP/C/30). Further of theprovisionsSectionongeographical indicationsunder Article 24.2. andthereviewofapplication electroniccommerce, TRIPS Agreement under Article 71.1, Council forappropriateaction. theChairforwarded thetext(JOB(03)/171)toChairofGeneral response tothis, Sincenocommentsweremadein consideration oftheMembers TRIPS Council. The Chairforwarded thistextforthe discussions ithadheldwithsomeotherdelegations. modified itsoriginalproposaldealingwithexclusivemarketing rightsinthelightof The African GroupconveyedtotheChairon19 August atextwhich dated 20May2003. on Trade andDevelopmentreferredtoitbytheChairofGeneral Councilinaletter proposals madeinthecontextofnegotiationsSpecialSessionCommittee Developed CountrieslaunchedinJune2001. reported ontheimplementationoftheirJointInitiative Technical Cooperation forLeast- the WTO and WIPO Secretariats ateachCouncilmeeting, Furthermore, WTO Secretariat. aswellfromthe number ofintergovernmentalorganizationsobserverstotheCouncil, Updatedinformationwas alsoreceivedfroma time fortheCouncil’s meetinginNovember. their technicalandfinancialcooperation activitiespursuantto Article 67ofthe Agreement in complaints isdescribedinSectionIIontheDohaDevelopment Agenda above. 66.2aswellonnon-violationandsituation work ontheimplementationof Article The Council’s Agreement andheldthefirstannualreviewundertermsofthatdecision. had providedinresponsetoaquestionnaireontheimplementationof Article 27.3(b). and theSecretariatcirculatedanupdatedsynoptictablesummarizinginformationMembers The CouncilreceivedanumberofpapersfromMembers, traditional knowledgeandfolklore. andtheprotectionof the TRIPS Agreement andtheConventiononBiologicalDiversity, therelationshipbetween 27.3(b), discussions relatedtothereviewofprovisions Article Section IIontheDohaDevelopment Agenda above. This workisdescribedin the DohaDeclaration onthe TRIPS Agreement andPublicHealth. Section 18oftheProtocolon Accession ofthePeople’s RepublicofChina. Transitional ReviewoftheimplementationbyChinaits WTO commitmentspursuantto theCouncilundertooksecondannual AtitsmeetinginNovember, 15 reviewswas pending. thecompletionof Attheendofyear, of theirtransition periodatthebeginningof2000. certain developing-countryMembersthatwereinitiatedin2001and2002followingtheexpiry oslain ne h S.Drn hspro,theDSBalsoestablished panelstodealwith Duringthisperiod, consultations undertheDSU. concessions intheeventofnon-implementation ofrecommendations. andauthorizesuspensionof surveillance ofimplementationrecommendationsandrulings, maintain adoptpaneland Appellate Bodyreports, establish disputesettlementpanels, hasthesoleauthorityto whichmet22timesduring2003, The DSB, Disputes (DSU). covered bytheUnderstandingonRulesandProceduresGoverning the Settlementof disputes arisingfromanyagreementcontainedintheFinal Act oftheUruguay Roundthatis Other issuesdiscussedinthe TRIPS Councilincludedthereviewofimplementation theCouncilconsideredspecialanddifferentialtreatment At itsJunemeeting, The CouncilagreedthatdevelopedcountryMemberswouldupdatetheinformation on 66.2ofthe TRIPS The Counciladoptedadecisionontheimplementationof Article theCouncilcontinuedits Pursuant toparagraph 19oftheDohaMinisterialDeclaration, An importantpartoftheCouncil’s workrelatedtotheimplementationofparagraph 6of The Councilfor TRIPS followedupthereviewsofnationalimplementinglegislation nteya 03 theDSBreceived26notificationsfrom Membersofformalrequestsfor In theyear2003, The General CouncilconvenesastheDisputeSettlementBody(DSB)todealwith 49 WTO activities Resolution of trade conflicts under the WTO’s Dispute Settlement Understanding WTO activities Resolution of trade conflicts under the WTO’s Dispute 50 Settlement Understanding information oneachofthesecasescanbefoundthe WTO’s websiteatwww.wto.org. Additional The casesarelistedinorderoftheirDSnumber. in 2004arenotreflectedhere. Newcasesinitiated developments from1January 2003until20February 2004arereflected. information available atthetimeofwritingconcerningcasesthatwereactivein2003, Inordertoprovidethemostup-to-date new developmentsoccurredinthecoveredperiod. Italsodescribestheimplementationstatusofadoptedreportswhere outcome ofthesecases. thesubstantive whereavailable, following sectionbrieflydescribestheprocedural historyand, The mutuallyagreedsolutionswerenotifiedin2cases. Inaddition, 8 distinctmatters. concerning 19 newcasesandadoptedpaneland/or Appellate BodyReports in15cases, hroe) opansb h ntdSae n aaa WT/DS26and WT/DS48 complaintsbytheUnitedStatesandCanada. (hormones), European Communities –Measures affectingmeatandproducts and WT/DS113) complaintsbytheUnitedStatesandNewZealand(WT/DS103 dairy products, Canada –Measures affectingtheimportationofmilkandexportation European CommunitiesbanonUnitedStatesbeef. States was readytodiscussthismatteralongwithotheroutstandingissuesinrelationthe theUnited or nottheEuropeanCommunitieswas incompliance with the WTO rulings, Communities suggestionthatmultilateral proceedings beestablishedtodeterminewhether withregardtotheEuropean considered toimplementtheDSB’s recommendations; stated thatitfailedtoseehowtherevisedEuropeanCommunitiesmeasurecouldbe The UnitedStates removal ofitsretaliatorymeasuresnorwishedtotake anyotheraction. Canadadidnotseeanybasisfor at thisstage, However, its justificationforposition. CanadadeclareditselfopentodiscussionswiththeEuropeanCommunitiesregarding ruling. that itwas uptotheEuropeanCommunitiesestablishthatithadcompliedwith WTO theEuropeanCommunitieshadnotrespondedtothissuggestionand with the WTO ruling, concerning thejustificationforEuropeanCommunitiespositionregardingitscompliance Canadahadputforward asuggestionforbilateral discussions the 7NovemberDSBmeeting, althoughat Canadastatedthat, to discussthismatterwithCanadaandtheUnitedStates. and(iv)theEuropeanCommunities wereready European Communitieswas incompliance; United Statesshouldinitiatemultilateral procedurestodeterminewhetherornotthe (iii)Canadaandthe been resolvedinthepastthroughrecourseto Article 21.5oftheDSU; whichhad (ii)thissituationwas similartoothercases, the WTO foramultilateral decision; themattershouldbereferredto Communities compliancewiththeDSB’s recommendations, light ofthedisagreementbetweenpartiestodisputewithregardEuropean European Communities. andwas alsonotina positiontoaccedetherequestof ban ofhormone-treatedbeef, itdoubtedwhetherthenewstudies presentedanynewscientificbasisforthe Communities, Canada saidthatwhilstpreparedtodiscussthismatterfurtherwiththeEuropean lacked anyscientificbasisandassuchcouldnotbejustifiedundertheSPS Agreement. thenewmeasure Initsview, implemented therecommendationsandrulingsofDSB. reviewed thenewEuropeanCommunitiesDirectiveanddidnotshareviewthatit The UnitedStatesstatedthattheyhadcarefully provisions of Article 22.8oftheDSU. lifting ofthesanctionsimposedbyCanadaandUnitedStatesinaccordancewith Communities hadfulfilledits WTO obligationsandwas entitledtodemandtheimmediate theEuropean indicated thatthehormonesinquestionposedariskforconsumers, to beundertaken onitsbehalfbyanindependentscientificcommitteewhosefindings havingcommissionedsuchanassessment and, of Articles 5.1and5.2oftheSPS Agreement; the EuropeanCommunitieswas itsfailuretocarryoutariskassessment withinthemeaning oneofthereasonscitedby Appellate Bodyinitsrulingagainst European Communities, Accordingtothe imposition ofretaliatorymeasuresbyCanadaandtheUnitedStates. therewas nolegalbasisforthecontinued on theuseinstockfarmingofcertainhormones, following theenteringintoforceofitsnewDirective(2003/74/EC)regardingprohibition recourse to Article 21.5oftheDSUfor secondtime. whichwerecirculatedinthisdisputefollowing as modifiedbythe Appellate BodyReport, e nulRpr 03 .95.) p. 2003, Report Annual see eot 97 .131.) p. 1997, Reports Report 2000, pp. 60-62; for details relating to the implementation of these reports up until up reports these of implementation the to relating details for 60-62; pp. 2000, Report December 2001 and for a description of the Panel and Appellate Body Reports following Reports Body Appellate and Panel the of description a for and 2001 December eoret ril 15o h S o h is ie e nulRpr 02 p 94-95.) pp. 2002, Report Annual see time, first the for DSU the of 21.5 Article to recourse tteDBmeigo eebr20,theEuropeanCommunitiesstatedthat(i)in At theDSBmeetingon1December2003, Annual WTO see reports, arbitration and Body theEuropeanCommunitiesstatedthat Appellate At theDSBmeetingon7November2003, panel, the of description a (For (For a description of the original Panel and Appellate Body Reports, see WTO Annual WTO see theDSBadopted Appellate Body ReportandthePanel Report, On 17January 2003, Reports, Body Appellate and Panel original the of description a (For (For further details of these Reports, these of details further (For attributable toexportsorproducers thatwere inrespectofimport volumes that, instead, The Appellate Bodyfound, Dumping Agreement. ie rmIda Recourse to Article 21.5oftheDSUbyIndia(WT/DS141) linen from India, European Communities– Anti-dumping dutiesonimportsofcotton-typebed Communities andJapan (WT/DS136and WT/DS162) complaintsbytheEuropean United States– Anti-dumping Act of1916, the European Communities(WT/DS108) complaintby United States– Tax treatment for “Foreign SalesCorporations”, (For further details regarding this Panel Report and India’s recourse to Article 21.5 of the of 21.5 Article to recourse India’s and Report Panel this regarding details further (For DSU inthedisputes WT/DS103 and WT/DS113. informed theDSBthattheyhadreachedamutuallyagreedsolutionunder Article 3.6ofthe andCanadaNewZealand CanadaandtheUnitedStates, On9May2003, 9 May2003. the partiesinformedDSBthattheyhadagreedtofurthersuspendarbitration until On9 April 2003, they hadagreedthatthearbitration remainsuspendeduntil10 April 2003. thepartiesinformedDSB that On6February 2003, permit timeforfurtherconsultations. inorderto request forarbitration byCanadaon28February 2001)until7February 2003, suspension ofthearbitration proceedingsunder Article 22.6oftheDSU(pursuantto European Communitiesdid The Appellate BodyreversedthePanel’s 21.5Panel. findingthatthe before the Article finding thatIndia’s claim under Article 3.5ofthe Anti-Dumping Agreement was notproperly The the Appellate BodyupheldthePanel’sAppellate BodycirculateditsReporttoMembers. On8 April 2003, 29 November2002andfiledaNoticeof Appeal withthe Appellate Body. bring itsmeasureintoconformitywithobligationsunderthe Anti-Dumping Agreement. to asadoptedbytheDSB, recommendation oftheoriginalpaneland Appellate Body, concludingthattheEuropeanCommunitieshadimplemented to Members, thePanel circulateditsReport On29November2002, pursuant to Article 21.5oftheDSU. the possibilityofreactivation ofthearbitration procedureunder Article 22oftheDSU. possibility ofreactivation ofthearbitration procedure. andthatitwas stillcontemplatingthe to theUnitedStatesCongresswerebeingaddressed, more detailedinformationinordertomake itclearifandhowtherepealingbillsintroduced the lackofimplementationbyUnitedStatesandrequestedtoprovide Japan saidthatitremainedgravely concernedabout arbitration procedureinthisdispute. regretted thattheEuropeanCommunitieshaddecidedtorequestresumptionof The UnitedStates United StatesSenateandtheHouseofRepresentatives. repealing the1916 Act andterminatingallpendingcaseshadbeenintroducedinboththe arbitration proceedingonthesameday. the Arbitrators resumedthe accordance withtherequestfromEuropeanCommunities, In requested the Arbitrators toreactivate thearbitration proceedingindispute WT/DS136. on 19September2003theEuropeanCommunities pending beforetheUnitedStatescourts, authorization totake appropriatecountermeasuresandtosuspendconcessions. theDSBgranted theEuropeanCommunities May2003, Atitsmeetingon7 Agreement. concessions orotherobligationsunder Article 22.7oftheDSUand Article 4.10oftheSCM basis of “positive evidence” onthe the EuropeanCommunitieshadfailed todeterminethe “volume ofdumpedimports” S,seWOAna eot20,p.97-98.) pp. 2003, Report Annual WTO see DSU, ecito fteoiia pelt oyRpr,seWOAna eot20,p.81-82; pp. 2002, Report Annual WTO see Report, Body Appellate original the of description until up reports the of implementation the to relating information detailed for 82, p. 2001, of description a for 80, p. 2001, Report Annual see report, Body Appellate the of description for details relating to implementation of these reports to 31 December 2001, see WTO see 2001, December 31 to reports these of implementation to relating details for Report Annual WTO and 97 p. 2002, Report Annual WTO see please 2002, December 31 95.) p. 2002, Report Annual WTO see reports, Body Appellate and Panel compliance the nulRpr 02 .98.) p. 2002, Report Annual 97.) p. 2003, n1 aur 03 thepartiesinformedDSBoftheirrequestforafurther On 16January 2003, n8Jnay20,IndianotifiedtheDSBofitsdecisiontoappealPanel Reportof On 8January 2003, a for 97; p. 2001, totheoriginalpanel ifpossible, Report theDSBagreedtoreferthisdispute, On 22May2002, Annual WTO see Report, Panel original the of description a (For Japan statedthatitwas stillcontemplating At theDSBmeetingon1December2003, theUnitedStatesstatedthatlegislation At theDSBmeetingon2October2003, Report Annual WTO As nolegislationhadbeenadoptedtorepealthe1916 Act andtoterminatethecases see reports, Body Appellate and Panel the of description a (For a for p.73, 2000, Report theEuropeanCommunitiesrequestedauthorizationtosuspend Annual On 24 April 2003, WTO see report Panel the of description a (For not and act inconsistentlywith Articles 3.1and3.2 ofthe Anti- n“betv xmnto” srqie yAtce 3.1 asrequiredby Articles an “objective examination”, not examined individually examined not in theinvestigation, 51 WTO activities Resolution of trade conflicts under the WTO’s Dispute Settlement Understanding WTO activities Resolution of trade conflicts under the WTO’s Dispute 52 Settlement Understanding European Communities(WT/DS160) complaint bythe United States–Section110(5)oftheUSCopyright Act, asmodifiedbythe Appellate BodyReport. corresponding Panel Report, conformity withitsobligationsunderthe Anti-Dumping Agreement. recommended thattheDSBrequestEuropeanCommunitiestobringitsmeasureinto Article 17.6ofthe TheAnti-Dumping Agreement and Appellate Body Article 11oftheDSU. The Appellate BodyfoundthatthePanel hadproperlydischargeditsdutiesunder and 3.2. European Communities(WT/DS176) complaintbythe United States–Section211Omnibus Appropriations Act, 1992 The measuresatissueincludeCouncilRegulation(EEC)No2081/92of14July Communities. geographical indicationsforfoodstuffsandagricultural productsintheEuropean concerning theprotectionoftrademarks andtotheregistration andprotectionof 63and65ofthe TRIPS Agreement and the GATT 1994. Articles IandIII:4of 24, 22, 16, 4, 3, with Articles 2, United StatesclaimsthattheEuropeanCommunities’Regulationappearstobeinconsistent The geographical indicationsproceduresandprotectionsprovidedundertheRegulation. and limitstheaccessofnationalsotherMemberstoEuropeanCommunities Regulation limitsthegeographical indicationsthattheEuropeanCommunitieswillprotect theEuropeanCommunities’ AccordingtotheUnitedStates, enforcement measures. anditsrelatedimplementing asamended, European CommunitiesRegulation2081/92, The measuresconcernedare does notreplacebutrather supplementsthe1999request. This request products andfoodstuffsintheEuropeanCommunitiesdispute WT/DS174. concerning theprotectionoftrademarks andgeographical indicationsforagricultural WT/DS290) Australia (WT/DS174, complaintsbytheUnitedStatesand for agricultural products andfoodstuffs, European Communities–Protection oftrademarks andgeographical indications reserved itsthird-partyrights. Brazil On13October, ArgentinaandCanadareservedtheirthird-partyrights. 10 October, On Chinese Taipei Chinareserveditsthird-partyright. and Norway, On6October, Turkey reserved theirthird-partyrights. NewZealand, Mexico, India, Guatemala, Colombia, Australia, theDSBestablishedasinglepanelatitsmeetingon2 October 2003. States and Australia, Furthertosecond requeststoestablishapanelfromtheUnited establishment ofthepanels. theDSBdeferred Atitsmeetingon29 August 2003, establishment ofapanel. TBT Agreement and Article XVI:4ofthe WTO Agreement. Article2ofthe ArticlesIandIIIofGATT 1994, obligations pursuanttothe TRIPS Agreement, Communities measureappearstobeinconsistentwithvarious EuropeanCommunities temporary arrangement. ofamutuallysatisfactory European CommunitiesinformedtheDSBon23June2003, theUnitedStatesand positive andmutuallyacceptablesolutiontothisdispute, stated thattheUnitedStatesandEuropeanCommunitieswerecommittedtofindinga 2004. implementation oftheDSBrecommendations andrulingssoastoexpireon31December DSB thattheyhadmutuallyagreed tomodifythereasonableperiodoftimefor 2003. soastoexpireon 31December to implementtherecommendations andrulingsoftheDSB, that theyhadmutuallyagreedtomodifythereasonableperiodoftime fortheUnitedStates 30 June2003. soastoexpireon States toimplementtherecommendationsandrulingsofDSB, DSB thattheyhadmutuallyagreedtomodifythereasonableperiod oftimefortheUnited products and foodstuffs and products h rirto eot,seWOAna eot20,p 98.) p. 2003, Report Annual WTO see reports, arbitration the 02 .88.) p. 2002, n2 pi 03 theDSBadoptedReportof Appellate Bodyandthe On 24 April 2003, n1 pi 03 Australia requestedconsultationswiththeEuropeanCommunities On 17 April 2003, theUnitedStatessentanadditionalrequestforconsultations On 4 April 2003, n1 uut20,theUnitedStatesand Australia requestedseparately the On 18 August 2003, (For a description of the Panel report, see WTO Annual Report 2001, p.84, for details of details for p.84, 2001, Report Annual WTO see report, Following aseriesofstatusreportspresentedatDSBmeetingsthroughout2003that Panel the of description a (For n1 eebr20,theEuropean CommunitiesandtheUnitedStatesinformed On 19December2003, theEuropeanCommunitiesandUnitedStates informedtheDSB On 30June2003, Report Annual WTO see reports, Body Appellate theEuropeanCommunitiesandUnited States informedthe and On 20December2002, Panel the of description a (For on the protection of geographical indications and designations of origin for agricultural for origin of designations and indications geographical of protection the on n eae esrs Australia claimsthattheEuropean and relatedmeasures. eeicnitn ihAtceXXo h AT19 n rils2 ,4 ,6 and12ofthe Agreement onSafeguards. 5, 4, 3, 2, XIXoftheGATT 1994 and Articles were inconsistentwith Article aswelltheextensionofthosemeasures, wheatflourandediblevegetableoils, wheat, and(b)Chile’s provisionalanddefinitivesafeguardsmeasures onimportsof Agriculture; 4.2ofthe Agreement on II:1(b)oftheGATT 1994and Article inconsistent with Article was andediblevegetableoils, wheatflour, band systemapplicabletoimportsofwheat, complaintby Argentina (WT/DS207) agricultural products, Chile –Pricebandsystemandsafeguard measures relating tocertain complaintbyIndia(WT/DS206) India, United States– Anti-dumping andcountervailingmeasures onsteelplatefrom complaintbyKorea (WT/DS202) carbon qualitylinepipefrom Korea, United States–Definitivesafeguard measures onimportsofcircular welded by theEuropean Communities(WT/DS193) complaint Chile –Measures affectingthetransit andimportationofswordfish, complaintbyJapan (WT/DS184) from Japan, United States– Anti-dumping measures oncertainhot-rolled steelproducts implementation oftherecommendationsandrulingsDSB. request bytheUnitedStatesforanextensionofreasonableperiodtime theDSBagreedto Atitsmeetingon10December 2003, Japan regardingthisproposal. andthatitwas consultingwith of theDSBbemodifiedsoastoexpireon31July2004, that thereasonableperiodoftimeforimplementationrecommendationsandrulings theUnitedStatesnotifiedChairmanofDSBthatitproposed 21 November2003, On the necessarystatutorychangeshadnotbeenintroducedinUnitedStatesCongress. yet of theDSB’s recommendationsandrulingsagreedtobythepartieswas abouttoexpire, Japan saidthattheextendedreasonableperiodoftimeforimplementation and rulings. anti-dumping dutylawinordertobringitintoconformitywiththeDSB’s recommendations administration was supportingthepassageofspecificamendmentstoUnitedStates thatthe the DSB’s recommendationsandrulingsontheUnitedStatesanti-dumpingstatute, recommendations andrulingsofthe DSBinthisdisputewas 14monthsfromthedate of that should beextendedtoChileimplementthe “reasonable periodoftime” of theDSB). arbitrator (insteadof 90daysfromthedateofadoptionrulingsandrecommendations which wouldnowbecompletedno laterthan90daysfromtheappointmentof informed theDSBthattheyhadagreedtopostponedeadlinefor thebindingarbitration Argentina andChile On16December2002, accordance with Article 21.3(c)oftheDSU. the determinationofreasonableperiodtimebesubject bindingarbitration in to agreeonthelengthofreasonableperiodtimeandthusChile was requestingthat the requestwouldbemadeoutside30-dayperiod. and theUnitedStatesagreednottoassertthatIndiaisprecludedfromdoingsogiven ifany) Article 22untiltheadoptionofcompliancereports(Panel and Appellate Body, Indiaagreednottorequesttheauthorizationsuspendconcessionsunder oppose it. theUnitedStateswouldnot requested theestablishmentofa21.5compliancepanel, ifIndia Pursuant totheseagreedprocedures, procedures under Article 21and22oftheDSU. thepartiesinformedDSBthattheyhadagreedoncertain On14February 2003, 2003. modify thereasonableperiodoftimeforimplementationsoastoexpireon31January measure onlinepipefromKorea hadbeenterminatedon1March2003. they agreedtomaintainthesuspensionofprocessforconstitutionpanel. T nulRpr 03 .89-90.) p. 2003, Report Annual WTO p. 84; for details of implementation up until 31 December 2002, see WTO Annual Report Annual WTO see 2002, December 31 until up implementation of details for 84; p. eot20,p 88.) p. 2003, Report 2003, p.99.) 2003, hsdsuecnen w itntmtes retn a lie ht (a)Chile’s price Argentinahadclaimedthat: This disputeconcernstwodistinctmatters: (For description of the Panel and Appellate Body reports see WTO Annual Report 2002, Report Annual WTO see reports theUnitedStatesstatedthatwithrespectto At theDSBmeetingon7November2003, Body Appellate and Panel the of description (For n1 ac 03 h rirtrcruae t wr.The arbitrator concludedthatthe thearbitrator circulateditsaward. On 17March2003, ChileinformedtheDSBthatand Argentina had beenunable On 6December2002, 89.) p. 2003, Report Annual WTO see report, Panel the thepartiesinformedDSBthattheyhadmutuallyagreedto of On 17January 2003, description a (For Annual WTO see reports Body Appellate and theUnitedStatesinformedthatitssafeguard Panel At theDSBmeetingon18March2003, the of description detailed a (For p.101.) 2001, Report Annual WTO see dispute, thepartiestodisputeinformedChairmanofDSBthat On 12November2003, the of details (For (For a description of the Panel and Appellate Body Reports, see Reports, Body Appellate and Panel the of description a (For 53 WTO activities Resolution of trade conflicts under the WTO’s Dispute Settlement Understanding WTO activities Resolution of trade conflicts under the WTO’s Dispute 54 Settlement Understanding under that Agreement. methodology)intoconformitywithitsobligations administrative practice (the “same person” recommended thattheDSBrequestUnitedStatestobringitsmeasuresand The Appellate Bodytherefore before imposingorcontinuingtoimposecountervailing duties. methodologyandthushadfailedtodeterminethecontinuedexistenceofabenefit person” theadministering authorityhademployedthe “same investigations andreviewsatissue, inthe the Appellate Bodyfoundthat, Nevertheless, bestowed financialcontributions. implementation issues. Argentina notedthatthepartieswouldshortlyenterintoconsultationsregarding 22 requiredamultilateral solutionsinceadhocagreementsonlyappliedtospecificdisputes. Chilenotedthattheissue ofsequencingbetween Articles 21.5and Inthisregard, DSU. concluded abilateral agreementregardingtheproceduresunder Articles 21.5and22ofthe 22 oftheDSU. Chile informedtheDSBthattheyhadagreedoncertainproceduresunder Articles 21and Argentinaand On24December2003, the expiryofdeadlineforimplementation. would beappropriateforthepartiestoenterintonegotiationsoncompensationbefore Argentinaconsidered thatit since thepricebandsystemwouldcontinuetobemaintained. comply withtherecommendationsdidnotconstituteimplementationinthiscase Argentinastateditsviewthatthemeasurestaken byChileto recommendations. that ithadalreadyadoptedanumberofmeasurestocomplywiththeDSB’s Chilesaid AttheDSBmeetingon1December2003, questions concerningthenewlaw. Argentinaraised detailed Atthismeeting, of thereasonableperiodtimeforcompliance. priortotheexpiry i.e. The newlawwouldcomeintoforceon16December2003, 18.525. 19.897 toestablishanewpricebandsystemhadbeenpromulgatedreplacingLawNo. No. 23 December2003. andthuswouldrununtil adoption ofthePanel and Appellate BodyReportsby theDSB, 2001. The DSBestablishedapanelon10September establishment ofapanelinthisdispute. theEuropeanCommunitiesrequested On8 August 2001, Agreement. as required by Article 1.1(b)oftheSCM producer ofthegoodsunderinvestigation, becausetherewas noproperdeterminationofabenefittothe 21 oftheSCM Agreement, 19and wereinbreachof Articles 10, the continuedimpositionofdutiesbasedonit, and methodologybytheUnitedStates, claimed thattheapplicationof “same person” the EuropeanCommunities Inparticular, countervailing dutiesonanumberofproducts. United Statesconcerningthecontinuedapplicationbyof complaintbytheEuropean Communities(WT/DS212) European Communities, United States–Countervailingmeasures concerningcertain products from the egh fairmarket value privatization length, The Appellate BodyreversedthePanel’swas circulatedtoMembers. findingthatanarm’s the Appellate BodyReport On 9 December2002, interpretations developedbythePanel. of itsdecisiontoappealcertainissueslawcoveredinthePanel Reportandcertainlegal theUnitedStatesnotifiedDSB On9September2002, accrues totheprivatized producer. non-recurring financialcontributionbestoweduponthestate-ownedproducernolonger the benefitfromaprior where aprivatization isatarm’s lengthandforfairmarket value, recommendations. regarding someaspectsoftheUnited States’implementationoftheDSB’s rulingsand theEuropeanCommunitiesexpressedconcerns Atthesamemeeting, rulings oftheDSB. it hadbroughtitsmeasuresintofull conformitywiththerecommendationsand theUnitedStatesconsideredthat andasaresultofthesemeasures, on 24October2003; revised determinationsforeachof the12countervailing determinationsthatwereatissue theDOChadalsoissued final company remainedsubsidizedafteritwas “privatized”; government-owned Department wouldanalyzethequestionofwhetherasubsidized, Commerce (DOC)publishedanoticeannouncingmodificationof themannerinwhich theUnitedStatesDepartmentof on23June2003, inwhichitstatedthat: report, 8 January 2003to8November2003). they hadagreedonareasonableperiodoftimeforimplementation of10months(from thepartiesnotifiedDSB that On10 April 2003, modified bythe Appellate BodyReport. T nulRpr 03 .102-103.) p. 2003, Report Annual WTO eot20,p 102.) p. 2003, Report tteDBmeigo 3Jnay20,Chileand Argentina notedthattheyhad At theDSBmeetingon23January 2004, Law Chilestatedthaton25September2003, At theDSBmeetingon2October2003, n1 oebr20,theEuropeanCommunitiesrequestedconsultationswith On 10November2000, n3 uy20,tePnlRpr a icltdt ebr.The Panel concludedthat, thePanel Reportwas circulatedtoMembers. On 31July2002, tteDBmeigo oebr20,theUnitedStatespresenteditsfirststatus At theDSBmeetingon7November2003, as theDSBadopted Appellate BodyReportandthePanel Report, On 8January 2003, (For further information regarding the establishment of the Panel, see WTO Annual WTO see Panel, the of establishment the regarding information further (For (For further details of the Panel and Appellate Body Reports, see Reports, Body Appellate and Panel the of details further (For necessarily extinguishes thebenefitsfrompreviously- the UnitedStatesreservedtheirthird-partyrights. Mexicoand Japan, Chile, theDSBestablishedapanelatitsmeetingof24July2001. 2001, 12and15ofthe Anti- 11, FurthertoBrazil’s requestforestablishmentofapanelon7June Dumping 9, Agreement. 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, infringed Article VI ofGATT 1994and Articles 1, Brazil consideredthattheEuropeanCommunitieshad pipe fittingsoriginatinginBrazil. 1784/2000 concerningimportsofmalleablecastirontubeor by CouncilRegulation(EC)No. complaintbyBrazil (WT/DS219) pipe fittingsfrom Brazil, European Communities– Anti-dumping dutiesonmalleablecastiron tubeor ( usuallyreferredtoastheByrd Amendment. Subsidy Offset Act of2000, entitledtheContinuedDumpingand 2000, President oftheUnitedStateson28October, and CanadaandMexico(WT/DS234) Korea and Thailand (WT/DS217), Japan, Indonesia, India, European Communities, Chile, Brazil, complaint by Australia, joint United States–ContinuedDumpingandSubsidyOffset Act of2000, etn n2 aur 04 theDSBdecidedtorefermatterarbitration. meeting on26January 2004, Atits objected tothelevelofsuspensionconcessionsproposedbyforegoingparties. sincetheUnitedStates thatthematterbe referred toarbitration, Article 22.6oftheDSU, inaccordancewith theUnitedStatesrequested, On23January 2004, 22.2 oftheDSU. Canada of, Koreaand MexicorequestedtheDSBauthorizationtosuspendconcessionspursuant Rep. Article Japan, India, theEuropeanCommunities, Chile, Brazil, period oftime, States hadfailedtoimplementtheDSBrecommendationsandrulingswithinreasonable onthegroundsthatUnited On15January 2004, so astoexpireon27December2004. respectively, Australia andIndonesia, to modifythereasonableperiodoftimewith Thailand, The reasonableperiodoftimeexpiredon27December2003. DSB. from thedateofadoptionPanel and Appellate BodyReportsinthisdisputebythe United StatestoimplementtherecommendationsandrulingsofDSBwas 11months forthe The Arbitrator concludedthatthe award totheparties. “reasonable periodoftime” the Arbitrator issuedits On13June2003, the recommendationsandrulingsofDSB. DSU todeterminethereasonableperiodoftimeforimplementationbyUnitedStates atitsmeetingon27January 2003. Appellate BodyReport, obligations underthoseprovisions. withrespecttoits United States “may beregardedasnothavingactedingoodfaith” The Appellate BodyalsorejectedthePanel’s11.4 oftheSCM Agreement. conclusionthatthe Act of2000was inconsistentwith Article 5.4ofthe Anti-Dumping Agreement and Article Appellate BodyreversedthePanel’s findingthattheContinuedDumpingandSubsidyOffset The the Appellate BodycirculateditsReport. On16January 2003, (the “SCM Agreement”). Agreement and Article 32.1ofthe Agreement onSubsidiesandCountervailing Measures contrary to Article 18.1ofthe Anti-Dumping specific actionagainstdumpingorasubsidy, the UnitedStatesContinuedDumpingandSubsidyOffset Act of2000isanon-permissible The Appellate BodyupheldthePanel’sinterpretations developedbythePanel. findingthat Appellate BodycertainissuesoflawcoveredinthePanel Reportandcertainlegal h pelt oyas eetdBai’ li httePnl contrary toitsobligationunder the Appellate BodyalsorejectedBrazil’s claimthatthePanel, Inthecourseofupholdingthesefindings, or3.5ofthe Anti-Dumping Agreement. 3.4, 3.3, 3.2, 3.1, 2.2.2, not actinconsistentlywith Article VI:2 oftheGATT 1994orwith Articles 1, The Appellate BodyupheldthePanel’sissues. findings thattheEuropeanCommunitiesdid the Appellate BodyrejectedBrazil’s claimswithrespecttosix issues appealedbyBrazil, developed bythePanel. DSB ofitsdecisiontoappealcertainissueslawaswell legalinterpretations addressed orexplainedthelackofsignificancecertaininjuryfactors listedin Article 3.4. from thepublishedprovisionalordefinitivedeterminationthatEuropean Communities and(b) Article 12.2and12.2.2inthatitwas notdirectlydiscernible dumping determination; negativedumpingmarginsinits 2.4.2 ofthe Anti-Dumping Agreement in “zeroing” (a) Article the EuropeanCommunitieshadactedinconsistentlywithitsobligations under: establishment of the Panel and suspension and resumption of the Panel’s work, see WTO see work, Panel’s the of resumption and suspension and Panel the of establishment regarding the establishment of the Panel, see WTO Annual Report 2002, pp. 105 and 106, and 105 pp. 2002, Report Annual WTO see Panel, the of establishment the regarding nulRpr 03 .107.) p. 2003, Report Annual o ecito ftePnlRpr,seWOAna eot20,p 102.) p. 2003, Report Annual WTO see Report, Panel the of description a for This disputeconcernstheEuropeanCommunities’definitiveanti-dumping duties imposed This disputeconcernstheamendmentto Tariff Act of1930signedintolawbythe n1 aur 04 theDSBwas informedthattheUnitedStateshadmutuallyagreed On 14January 2004, thecomplainantsrequestedarbitration under Article 21.3(c)ofthe On 14March2003, asmodifiedbythe The DSBadoptedthe Appellate BodyReportandthePanel Report, theUnitedStatesnotifiedDSBofitsdecisiontoappeal On 18October2002, n2 uy20,teAplaeBd eotwscruae oMmes Of theseven the Appellate BodyReportwas circulatedtoMembers. On 22July2003, Brazil notified the On23 April 2003, The Panel ruledagainstBrazil onallother claims. The Panel concludedthat thePanel circulateditsReporttoMembers. On 7March2003, (For further details regarding the regarding details further (For For information For 55 WTO activities Resolution of trade conflicts under the WTO’s Dispute Settlement Understanding WTO activities Resolution of trade conflicts under the WTO’s Dispute 56 Settlement Understanding ee ots ..until19March2004. i.e. seven months, European CommunitiestoimplementtheDSB’s recommendationsandrulingswouldbe and Brazil informedtheDSBthattheyhadagreedreasonableperiodoftimefor theEuropeanCommunities On1October2003, as modifiedbythe Appellate BodyReport. whichwas containedindocumentExhibitEC-12. the stateofdomesticindustry, parties duringtheanti-dumpinginvestigationcertaininformationrelatedtoevaluation of with Articles 6.2and6.4ofthe Anti-Dumping Agreement byfailingtodiscloseinterested thattheEuropeanCommunitiesactedinconsistently incontrast tothePanel, Body found, The The Appellate BodyreversedthePanel’sAppellate findingwithrespecttooneissue. matter beforeitwhenadmittingintoevidencethedocumentreferredtoasExhibitEC-12. failedtoassessproperlythefactsof Article 17.6(i)ofthe Anti-Dumping Agreement, time wouldrununtil31December 2003. Argentina andChileinformedthe DSBthattheyhadagreedthereasonableperiodof exercised judicialeconomywithrespect toallotherclaims. The Panel conjectureorremotepossibility. of athreatseriousinjuryonan allegation, and4.1(b) of the 2.1 Agreement onSafeguardsbybasing afindingoftheexistence Articles The Panel didnotfindthat Argentina actedinconsistentlywith itsobligationsunder and(iii)didnotfindthatseriousinjury was clearlyimminent. supported theirdetermination; industry (ii)didnotprovideareasonedandadequateexplanationof howthefacts (i) evaluate alloftherelevant factorshaving abearingonthesituationofdomestic intheirdeterminationoftheexistenceathreatseriousinjurydidnot: authorities, 4.1(b) and4.2(a)ofthe Agreement onSafeguardsbecausethecompetent and Articles 2.1, (c) Argentina actedinconsistentlywithitsobligationsunder Article XIX:1(a)ofGATT 1994 asrequired; inabsoluteorrelativeterms, a determinationofanincreaseinimports, GATT 1994and Articles 2.1and4.2(a) ofthe Agreement onSafeguardsbyfailingtomake (b) Argentina actedinconsistentlywithitsobligationsunder Article XIX:1(a)of required; of GATT 1994byfailingtodemonstrate theexistenceofunforeseen developmentsas (a) Argentina actedinconsistentlywithitsobligationsunder Article XIX:1(a) concluded that: thePanel Inparticular, certain provisionsofthe Agreement onSafeguardsandGATT 1994. concluded thatthe Argentine preservedpeachesmeasurewas imposedinconsistentlywith United Statesreservedtheirthird-partyrightstoparticipateinthePanel’s proceedings. Paraguay andthe The EuropeanCommunities, apanelwas established. 18 January 2002, AttheDSBmeetingon and Article XIX:1ofGATT 1994. the Agreement onSafeguards, 5and12of 4, 3, Argentina’s definitivesafeguardmeasurewas inconsistentwith Articles 2, AccordingtoChile, preservedinanyotherformorwater. includingsyrup, matter, Argentina appliedonimportsofpeachespreservedinwater containingaddedsweetening complaint byChile(WT/DS238) Argentina –Definitivesafeguard measure onimportsofpreserved peaches, (WT/DS231) complaintbyPeru European Communities– Trade descriptionofsardines, adopted bytheDSBatitsmeetingon19February 2002. Brazil (WT/DS222) complaintby Canada –Exportcredits andloanguarantees forregional aircraft, pursuant to Article 3.6oftheDSU. Communities andPeru informedtheDSBthattheyhadreachedamutuallyagreedsolution theEuropean On25July2003, extend thereasonableperiodoftimeuntil1July2003. theDSBauthorizedsuspensionofconcessions. At itsmeetingon18March2003, or otherobligationsunder Article 22.7oftheDSUand Article 4.10oftheSCM Agreement. Brazil requestedauthorizationtosuspend concessions On6March2003, SCM Agreement. would constituteappropriatecountermeasureswithinthemeaningof Article 4.10ofthe the suspensionofconcessionsbyBrazil coveringtrade inatotalamountofUS$247,797,000 report see WTO Annual Report 2002, p. 102; further details relating to implementation, see implementation, to relating details further 102; p. 2002, Report Annual WTO see report 2003, p. 93 for further details relating to implementation, see WTO Annual Report 2003, Report Annual WTO see implementation, to relating details further for 93 p. 2003, WTO Annual Report 2003, p.101.) 2003, Report Annual WTO .101.) p. n1 uut20,theDSBadopted Appellate BodyReportandthePanel Report, On 18 August 2003, tismeigo 5Arl20,teDBaotdtePnlRpr.On27June2003, theDSB adopted thePanel Report. At itsmeetingon15 April 2003, The Panel thePanel circulateditsReporttotheMembers. On 14February 2003, concernsadefinitivesafeguardmeasurewhich dated6September2001, This request, recommendingthatCanadawithdraw thedisputedsubsidieswas The reportofthePanel, (For a description of the Panel and Appellate Body reports, see WTO Annual Report Annual WTO see reports, thepartiesinformedDSBthattheyhadreachedanagreementto On 14 Body April 2003, Appellate and Panel the of description a (For The arbitrator determinedthat thearbitrator circulateditsaward. On 17February 2003, (For a description of the Panel the of description a (For icltdt ebr.The Appellate Bodyupheldthreefindingsbutreversedfourofthe circulated toMembers. theReportof Appellate Bodywas On15December2003, developed bythePanel. certain issuesoflawcoveredinthe Panel Reportandcertainlegalinterpretations to theDSB. thePanel made norecommendation Accordingly, particular casewas not WTO-inconsistent. of Commerce’s determination oflikelihood ofcontinuationorrecurrence ofdumpinginthis The Panel further found thattheUnitedStatesDepartment of Commerceinaparticularcase. from Japan. the anti-dumpingdutiesimposedonimportsofcorrosion-resistantcarbonsteelflatproducts Commerce andtheUnitedStatesInternational Trade Commissioninthefullsunsetreviewof complaintbyJapan (WT/DS244) carbon steelflatproducts from Japan, United States–Sunsetreview ofanti-dumpingdutiesoncorrosion-resistant regulations implementingtheseprovisions. Section405ofthe Trade andDevelopment Agreements Act of2000andthecustoms Act, imports oftextilesandapparelproductsassetoutinSection334theUruguayRound India (WT/DS243) complaintby United States–Rulesoforiginfortextilesandapparel products, 0207.11.00 and0207.12.00. classifiedunderMercosurtariffline by Argentina onimportsofpoultryfromBrazil, Brazil (WT/DS241) complaintby Argentina –Definitiveanti-dumpingdutiesonpoultryfrom Brazil, Bulletin could bechallenged addressed bytheUnitedStatesstatuteandregulations–was amandatoryinstrumentthat providesguidanceonmethodologicaloranalyticalissuesnotexplicitly by itsownterms, Panel alsorejectedJapan’s argumentthattheUnitedStates’ initiation and 2(c) or2(d)oftheRulesOrigin Agreement. §102.21wereinconsistentwith Articles 2(b), customs regulationscontainedin19C.F.R. and(c)Indiafailedtoestablishthatthe 2(c)or2(d)oftheRulesOrigin Agreement; 2(b), establish thatsection405ofthe Trade andDevelopment Act was inconsistentwith Articles (b)Indiafailedto inconsistent with Articles 2(b)or2(c)oftheRulesOrigin Agreement; (a) Indiafailedtoestablishthatsection334oftheUruguayRound Agreements Act was their thirdpartyrights. Pakistan andthePhilippinesreserved theEuropeanCommunities, China, Bangladesh, 2002. eomnain.Chilewelcomedthewithdrawal ofthemeasureby Argentina. recommendations. between Argentina andChilethusinitsviewithadimplementedtheDSB’s December2003inlinewiththeagreementreached issue hadbeenwithdrawn on31 The Panel found, reviewsofanti-dumpingdutiesunderUnitedStateslaw. regarding theconductof “sunset” Japan’s claimschallengingvarious aspectsoftheUnitedStateslawsandregulations third partyfromthepanelproceedings. Venezuela withdrewasa On5 August 2002, rights toparticipateinthePanel proceedings. Norway and Venezuela reservedthird-party of, Korea Rep. India, European Communities, andexercisedjudicialeconomyinrespectoftheremainder. claims, The Panel rejectedeightofBrazil’s anti-dumping measureonimportsofpoultryfromBrazil. upheld (eitherfullyorinpart)20ofthe41claimsbroughtbyBrazil against Argentina’s party rights. Paraguay andtheUnitedStatesreservedtheirthird- Guatemala, European Communities, T nulRpr 0,p 104.) p. 200, Report Annual WTO eot20,p 104.) p. 2003, Report nulRpr 03 .104.) p. 2003, Report Annual n1 etme 03 Japan notifieditsdecisiontoappealthe Appellate Body On 15September2003, This disputeconcernsthefinaldeterminationsofbothUnitedStatesDepartment of concernsUnitedStatesrulesoforiginapplicableto dated7 May 2002, This request, concernsdefinitiveanti-dumpingdutiesimposed dated25 February 2002, This request, tismeigo 1Jl 03 theDSBadoptedPanel Report. At itsmeetingon21July2003, The Panel foundthat: thePanel Reportwas circulatedtoMembers. On 20June2003, tismeigo 3Jnay20,Argentinaannouncedthatthesafeguardmeasureat At itsmeetingon23January 2004, n1 uut20,tePnlcruae t eott ebr.The Panel rejectedallof thePanel circulateditsReporttoMembers. On 14 August 2003, the Chile, Canada, Brazil, The DSBestablishedapanelatitsmeetingon22May2002. The Panel’s thePanel report circulateditsReporttotheMembers. On 22 April 2003, the Chile, Canada, thepanelwas established. At theDSBmeetingon17 April 2002, may bechallengedonlyinrespectofitsapplicationbytheUnitedStates Department (For further details relating to the request for establishment of a panel, see WTO see panel, a of establishment for request the to relating details further (For de minimis de inter alia inter as such as tnad nivsiain ontapyt ustrves The standards ininvestigationsdonotapplytosunsetreviews. thattheobligationspertainingtoevidentiarystandardsforself- , nWOdsuestlmn.Rte,thePanel foundthatthe Rather, in WTO disputesettlement. (For further details concerning the request, see WTO Annual WTO see request, the concerning details further (For The DSBestablishedapanelatitsmeetingon24June (For further details relating to the request, see request, the to relating details further (For Sunset Policy Bulletin Policy Sunset – which, 57 WTO activities Resolution of trade conflicts under the WTO’s Dispute Settlement Understanding WTO activities Resolution of trade conflicts under the WTO’s Dispute 58 Settlement Understanding under theSPS Agreement. the recommendationsandrulingsofDSBinamannerthatrespectedits WTO obligations asmodifiedbythe Appellate Body Report. the Panel Report, apples. symptomless” apples otherthan “mature, including all applefruitthatcouldpossiblybeexportedfromtheUnitedStatestoJapan, tomake rulingscovering findingthatthePanel did havethe “authority” rejected thisclaim, with respecttoapples ofthe Panel tomake findingsanddraw conclusions on appealchallengedthe “authority” The UnitedStates’soleclaim of theDSUinPanel’s assessmentofthefactscase. The Appellate BodyalsofoundthatthePanel properlydischargeditsdutiesunder Article 11 and5.1oftheSPS Agreement. 5.7, inconsistent withJapan’s obligationsunder Articles 2.2, Body upheldthePanel’s findingsthatJapan’s phytosanitarymeasureatissuewas The The Appellate Appellate BodyrejectedallfourofJapan’s claimsonappeal. circulated. theReportof Appellate Bodywas On26November2003, developed bythePanel. Body certainissuesoflawcoveredinthePanel Reportandcertainlegalinterpretations Article 5.1oftheSPS Agreement. Agreement andthatJapan’s 1999Pest Risk Assessment didnotmeettherequirementsof Article 2.2oftheSPS Agreement andwas notjustifiedunder Article 5.7oftheSPS phytosanitary measureimposedonimportsofapplesfromtheUnitedStateswas contrary to reserved theirthird-partyrights. theEuropeanCommunitiesandNewZealand Chinese Taipei, Brazil, Australia, a panel. ae’ ea idns The Panel’sAppellate BodyreversedthePanel’s legalfindings. findingsthatthe omnte’GPshm eeicnitn ihAtceI1o AT19;(ii)theEuropean Communities’ GSPschemewereinconsistent with Article I:1ofGATT 1994; Combat DrugProductionand Trafficking (theDrug Arrangements) providedinthe European (i) Indiahaddemonstrated thatthetariffpreferencesunderSpecial Arrangements to General composedthe Panel. theDirector- On6March2003, India requestedtheDirector-General tocomposethePanel. On24February 2003, Boliviareserveditsthirdpartyrights. On6February 2003, party rights. MauritiusandPakistan reserved theirthird- On3February, reserved itsthird-partyrights. Panama On29January 2003, Nicaragua reserveditsthird-partyrights. 28 January 2003, On andtheUnitedStatesreservedtheirthird-partyrights. Venezuela, Paraguay, SriLanka, Honduras, Peru, Guatemala, ElSalvador, Ecuador, Cuba, CostaRica, Colombia, Brazil, Duringthe meeting, theDSBestablishedaPanel. Atitsmeetingon 27January 2003, panel. Clause”). (the “Enabling ReciprocityandFullerParticipation oftheDevelopingCountries More Favourable Treatment, andparagraph 4(b) oftheDecisiononDifferentialand Article XXIII:1oftheGATT 1994, pursuantto Article 4oftheDSU, 2501/2001(“GSPscheme”), Council Regulation(EC)No. to developingcountriesundertheschemeofgeneralized tariffpreferencesformulatedunder concerning theconditionsunderwhichEuropeanCommunitiesaccordstariffpreferences complaintbyIndia(WT/DS246) developing countries, European Communities–Conditionsforthegranting oftariffpreferences to the UnitedStates. States (WT/DS245) complaintbytheUnited Japan –Measures affectingtheimportationofapples, modified bythe Appellate BodyReport. complete theanalysis. the Appellate Bodyindicatedthatitdidnothaveasufficientfactualbasisto claims, InrelationtocertainofJapan’sAnti-Dumping Agreement orthe WTO Agreement. the UnitedStateshadactedinconsistentlywithitsobligationsunder the Appellate Bodydidnotmake anyfindingthat that ofthePanel inimportantrespects, AlthoughitsanalysisofJapan’sAgreement orthe claimsdifferedfrom WTO Agreement. Body didnotfindanyoftheprovisions the Appellate underthe However, Anti-Dumping Agreement orthe WTO such, Agreement. as not amandatorylegalinstrumentandthusismeasurethat “challengeable”, e T nulRpr 03 .105.) p. 2003, Report Annual WTO see tteDBmeigo aur 04 Japan indicatedthatitintendedtocomplywith At theDSBmeetingon9January 2004, theDSBadopted Appellate BodyReportand At itsmeetingon10December2003, n2 uut20,Japan notifiedtheDSBofitsdecisiontoappeal Appellate On 28 August 2003, The Panel foundthatJapan’sThe Panel circulateditsreporttoMemberson15July2003. n1Dcme 03 h ae eotwscruae oMmes The Panel foundthat: thePanel Reportwas circulatedtoMembers. On 1December2003, IndiarequestedtheDSBtoestablish a On 6December2002and16January 2003, IndiarequestedconsultationswiththeEuropeanCommunities On 5March2002, This disputeconcernsrestrictionsallegedlyimposedbyJapan onimportsofapplesfrom n9Jnay20,teDBaotdteAplaeBd eotadtePnlRpr,as theDSBadopted Appellate BodyReportandthePanel Report, On 9January 2004, (For further details relating to the request for establishment of a panel, a of establishment for request the to relating details further (For other than other mtr,smtmes pl ri.The Appellate Body applefruit. symptomless” “mature, tismeigo ue20,theDSBestablished At itsmeetingon3June2002, Bulletin inconsistent withthe Anti-Dumping Bulletin is 30 settlement ofthedispute. parties whileensuringthepromptandeffective thisapproachrespectedtherightsofall view, InthePanel’s for eachindividualcomplainant. with aseparate number(symbol) complainants, foreachofthe that are “particularized” contains conclusionsandrecommendations The documentthen common setoffindings. acommondescriptivepartand page, The documentcomprisesacommoncover each oftheeightcomplainantsinthisdispute. relatingto constitute eightseparate reports, thisdocumentisdeemedto for WTO purposes, accordingtothePanel, Thus, Panel Reports”. form of “one documentconstitutingeight The Panel decidedtoissueitsdecisionsinthe to grant it wouldonlydelaythepanelprocess. stating that complainants opposedthisrequest, The matter withindividualcomplainants. includingitsrighttosettlethe its WTO rights, claiming thattodootherwisewouldprejudice issuance ofeightseparate panelreports, theUnitedStatesrequested panel process, co-complainants wereconsideredinasingle Although allcomplaintsmadebytheeight rgaspoieseii usde,withinthemeaningof Article 2 oftheSCM Agreement. programs providespecificsubsidies, thePanel upheldtheUnitedStates DOC’s findingthatthe provincialstumpage addition, In specificallyintheformofprovisionagood. contribution bythegovernment, constitutesafinancial bytheCanadianprovinces, harvest timerfromCrownland, ortheright to United StatesDOC’s determinationthattheprovisionof “stumpage”, reserved theirthird-partyrightstoparticipateinthepanelproceedings. IndiaandJapan The EuropeanCommunities, theDSBestablishedapanel. October2002, 1 were alsoconsideredasthirdpartiesbeforethesinglePanel. Turkey and Thailand, Venezuela, Mexico, Malaysia, Cuba, Chinese Taipei, namely Canada, Members thathadreservedtheirthird-partyrightsbeforethevarious Panels, to thedispute. accordance with Article 9.1oftheDSUandpursuanttoanagreementbetweenparties in establishedasinglePanel, atitsmeetingsbetween3and24June, theDSB, complainants, aswellintheformofatariffrate quotaonimportsofslabs. stainless steelwire, and tinmillproducts, stainlesssteelrod, stainlesssteelbar, andtooljoints, flanges, fittings, carbonandalloy carbonandalloyweldedpipe, carbonandalloyrebar, cold-finished bar, carbonandalloy carbonandalloyhot-rolledbar, tinmillproducts, carbon flat-rolledsteel, intheformofanincreasedutiesonimportscertain effective asof20March2002, NewZealand(WT/DS258)andBrazil (WT/DS259) Norway (WT/DS254), Switzerland(WT/DS253), China(WT/DS252), Korea (WT/DS251), (WT/DS249), Japan complaintsbytheEuropean Communities(WT/DS248), products, United States–Definitivesafeguard measures onimportsofcertainsteel the Panel ReportandfiledaNoticeof Appeal withthe Appellate Body. had notmadeaclaimundertheEnablingClause.) I:1andthatIndia a dissentingopinionthattheEnablingClauseisnotanexceptionto Article (Onepanelistpresented norisitinconformitywiththeChapeauof Article XX. Communities, fortheprotectionofhumanlifeorhealthinEuropean measure isnot “necessary” that theDrug Arrangements arejustifiedunder Article XX(b)ofGATT 1994sincethe and(iii)theEuropean Communitieshadfailedtodemonstrate basis; a “non-discriminatory” whichrequiresthattheGSPbenefitsbeprovidedon paragraph 2(a)oftheEnablingClause, Communities hadfailedtodemonstrate thattheDrug Arrangements werejustifiedunder respect tocertainsoftwoodlumberfromCanada. with United StatesDepartmentofCommerce(the “USDOC”) issuedon25March2002, complaintbyCanada(WT/DS257) softwood lumberfrom Canada, United States–Finalcountervailingdutydeterminationwith respect tocertain hsdsue pursuanttosection204oftheUnitedStates Trade this dispute, Act of1974. States hadissuedaproclamationthatterminatedallofthesafeguard measuressubjectto thePresidentofUnited December2003, on4 United StatesinformedMembersthat, the Atthesamemeeting, asmodifiedbythe Appellate BodyReport. the Panel Reports, do sotoresolvethisdispute. asitwas unnecessaryto imports andseriousinjuryforsevenofthetensafeguardmeasures, increased neither upheldnorreversedthePanel’s findingsonthecausallink “between” TheXIX oftheGATT 1994andtheSafeguards Appellate Body Agreement onothergrounds. Therefore thesetenmeasureswerefoundtobeinconsistentwith Article claims oncausation. Italsodecided thatitwas notnecessarytoexaminetheother mill andstainlesssteelwire. set ofconclusionsrelatingtothedecision-makingprocessITCwhendealingwithtin butitreversedthePanel onone increasedimportsandparallelism, unforeseen development, The Appellate BodyupheldallthePanel’sMembers. conclusionsonalltenproductsfor the Appellate BodyReportwas circulatedto On10November 2003, developed bythePanel. Body certainissuesoflawcoveredinthePanel Reportandcertainlegalinterpretations Agreement onSafeguardsandGATT 1994. bring therelevant safeguardmeasuresintoconformitywithitsobligationsunderthe The Panel thereforerecommendedthattheDSB requesttheUnitedStatesto (iv) parallelism. and (iii)causation; (ii)increasedimports; demonstration of(i)unforeseendevelopments; lackof of thefollowing WTO pre-requisitesfortheimpositionofasafeguardmeasure: all tenoftheUnitedStates’safeguardmeasuresatissuewereinconsistentwithleastone o salsmn fapnl e T nulRpr 03 p 105-106.) pp. 2003, Report Annual WTO see panel, a of establishment for n2 uut20,tePnlRpr a icltdt ebr.The Panel upheldthe thePanel Reportwas circulated toMembers. On 29 August 2003, The Panel circulateditsReports Further toindividualrequestsfortheestablishmentofapanelsubmittedbyeight This disputeconcernsdefinitivesafeguardmeasuresimposedbytheUnitedStates, theEuropeanCommunitiesnotifiedDSBofitsdecisiontoappeal On 8January 2004, This dispute concernsthefinalaffirmativecountervailing dutydeterminationbythe tismeigo 0Dcme 03 theDSBadopted Appellate BodyReportand At itsmeetingon10December2003, theUnitedStatesnotifieditsdecisiontoappeal Appellate On 11 August 2003, 30 oMmeso 1Jl 03 The Panel concludedthat to Memberson11July2003. (For further details relating to the request the to relating details further (For At itsmeetingon 59 WTO activities Resolution of trade conflicts under the WTO’s Dispute Settlement Understanding WTO activities Resolution of trade conflicts under the WTO’s Dispute 60 Settlement Understanding analyze whethersubsidieswerepassedthroughinsalesof inconsistently withprovisionsoftheSCM Agreement andtheGATT 1994byfailingto insufficient factualfindingsbythePanel andinsufficientundisputedfactsinthePanel record. dueto whether theUnitedStateshadcorrectlydeterminedbenefitinthisinvestigation, The Appellate Bodyfoundthatitwas unabletocompletethelegalanalysisof provided. resultingfromthefinancialcontribution determined theexistenceandamountof “benefit” Agreement andthusalsoreversedthePanel’s findingthattheUnitedStateshadimproperly constitute theprovisionofgoodsunder Article 1.1oftheSCM Agreement. harvesting rightsgranted byCanadianprovincialgovernmentsinrespectofstandingtimber Body upheldthePanel’s findingthattheUnitedStates hadcorrectlydeterminedthat by thePanel. issues oflawcoveredinthePanel Reportandcertainlegalinterpretationsdeveloped notified theDSBofitsdecisiontore-fileappeal Appellate Bodyofcertain theUnitedStates On21October2003, the time-frame permittedbytheDSU. conditional ontheUnitedStatesretainingrighttofileanewnoticeofappealwithin althoughthewithdrawal was withdrew itsnoticeofappealforschedulingreasons, theUnitedStates on3October2003, However, interpretations developedbythePanel. Appellate BodycertainissuesoflawcoveredinthePanel Reportandcertainlegal Article 12oftheSCM Agreement. anditsclaimsofviolationtheprocedural rulesofevidencesetforthin the subsidyrate; Agreement and Article VI:3 ofGATT 1994concerningthemethodologiesusedtocalculate economy asregardsotherclaimsraised byCanadaunder Article 19.4oftheSCM The Panel decidedtoapplyjudicial between sawmillsandunrelatedre-manufacturers. whether anysubsidywas passedonbytimberharvesterstounrelated sawmillsand VI:3ofGATT 1994byfailingtoanalyze with Article 10oftheSCM Agreement and Article The Panel alsofoundthattheUnitedStatesDOCactedinconsistently under investigation. totheproducersofproducts throughtheprovincialstumpageprograms, conferred, and 32.1oftheSCM Agreement indeterminingtheexistenceandamountofabenefit 10 14(d), The Panel foundthattheUnitedStatesDOCactedinconsistentlywith Articles 14, uulyare ouinudrAtce3 paragraphs 5and6oftheDSU. mutually agreedsolutionunder Article 3, to 10January 2004. The Panel agreedtothisrequestandsuspended itsworkfrom12December2003 the DSU. inaccordancewith Article 3.6 of coming daysandnotifyittotheDisputeSettlementBody, inordertoformalizeamutuallyagreedsolutionoverthe until10January 2004, 30 days, parties jointlyrequestedthePanel tosuspenditsworkforafinaladditionalperiodof both December2003, On11 December2003. continuing tosuspenditsworkuntil11 The Panel agreedtothisrequestandwas until11December2003. another 60days, bothpartiesjointlyrequestedthePanel toextendthesuspensionofitsworkfor 2003, On12October October2003. Augustto12 to thisrequestandsuspendeditsworkfrom14 The Panel agreed until12October2003. Panel tosuspenditsworkforaperiodof60days, theChairofPanel informedthe DSB thatbothpartieshadjointlyrequestedthe 2003, On15 August Mexico andtheUnitedStatesreservedtheirthird-partyrights. Communities, The European May2003. theDSBestablishedapanelatitsmeetingon19 request byChile, treatment appliedbythelattertocertainproducts. complaintbyChile(WT/DS261) Uruguay – Tax treatment oncertainproducts, on17February 2004. Appellate BodyReport, by sawmillstounrelatedlumberremanufacturers. from Canada. sales atlessthanfairvalue (dumping)withrespecttocertainsoftwoodlumberproducts (urgency procedure)withtheUnited Statesconcerningthefinalaffirmativedeterminationof complaint byCanada(WT/DS264) United States–Finaldumping determinationonsoftwoodlumberfrom Canada, obligations byfailingtoconsiderwhethersubsidieswerepassedthroughinsalesof reversed thePanel’s findingthattheUnitedStatesactedinconsistentlywithits WTO however, The own sawmillstounrelatedproducersofsoftwoodlumber. Appellate Body, The Appellate BodyupheldthePanel’s findingthattheUnitedStateshadacted The Appellate BodyreversedthePanel’s interpretationof Article 14(d)oftheSCM The TheAppellate Appellate BodycirculateditsReporttoMemberson19January 2004. theUnitedStatesnotifiedDSBofitsdecisiontoappeal On 2October2003, n8Jnay20,ChileandUruguayinformedtheDSBthattheyhadreacheda On 8January 2004, Furthertoasecond ChilerequestedtheDSBtoestablishapanel. On 3 April 2003, ChilerequestedconsultationswithUruguayregardtothetax On 18June2002, asmodifiedbythe The DSBadoptedthe Appellate BodyReportandthePanel Report, n1 etme 02 Canada requestedconsultationsunder Article 4.8oftheDSU On 13September2002, logs by timberharvesterswho lumber Panel expectedtoissueitsfinalreportthepartiesinMay 2004. able tocompleteitsworkinsixmonthsduethecomplexityof matterandthatthe composed thepanel. theDirector-General On19May 2003, requested theDirector-General tocomposethepanel. Brazil On9May2003, Chadreserveditsthird-partyrights. On4 April 2003, rights. NewZealandreserveditsthird-party On28March2003, reserved itsthird-partyrights. Paraguay On26March2003, Australia reserveditsthird-partyrights. On 25March2003, Beninreserveditsthird-partyrights. On24March2003, Brazil initspanelrequest. whichhadbeeninvoked by pursuant tothe Annex V proceduresundertheSCM Agreement, issue ofappointingaDSBrepresentativetofacilitatetheinformation-gatheringprocess, the DSBannouncedthathecontinuedtoconsultwithBrazil andtheUnitedStateson theChairmanof Atthatmeeting, third-party rightstoparticipateinthePanel’s proceedings. Pakistan and Venezuela reserved their India, EuropeanCommunities, the Chinese Taipei, Article III:4ofGATT 1994. and 9.1and10.1ofthe Agreement on Agriculture; 8, 7.1, Articles3.3, the SCM Agreement; and3.2of 3.1(b), (including item(j)oftheIllustrative ListofExportSubsidiesin Annex I), 3.1(a) (c)and(d), 6.3(b), Articles5(c), United Statesunderthefollowingprovisions: usersandexportersofuplandcotton. other assistancetotheUnitedStatesproducers, andany grants, amendments theretoprovidingsuchsubsidies(includingexportcredits), statutory instrumentsand regulations, aswelllegislation, exporters ofuplandcotton, usersand/or prohibited andactionablesubsidiesprovidedtoUnitedStatesproducers, complaintbyBrazil (WT/DS267) United States–Subsidiesonuplandcotton, theDirector-General composedthepanel. On23December2003, compose thepanel. Côted’Ivoirereserveditsthird-partyright. November2003, On5 party right. Kenya reserveditsthird- On26September2003, Thailand reservedtheirthird-partyrights. Tanzania and KittsandNevis, St. Brazil, Australia, On8September2003, third-party rights. MadagascarandMalawireservedtheir India, On5September2003, their third-partyrights. Paraguay andSwaziland reserved September2003, On2 reserved theirthird-partyrights. FijiandGuyana Cuba, Belize, On1September2003, reserved theirthird-partyrights. Trinidad and Tobago andtheUnitedStates NewZealand, Mauritius, Jamaica, Colombia, China, Canada, Barbados, DSB establishedasinglepanelatitsmeetingon29 August 2003. the Brazil and Thailand, Furthertosecondrequestsestablishapanelfrom Australia, panel. XVI ofGATT 1994. Articles3.1and3.2oftheSCM Agreement and Agreement on Articles III:4and Agriculture, The complainantsbelievethatthesubsidiesareinconsistentwithvarious provisionsofthe Thailand requestedconsultationswiththeEuropeanCommunitiesonsamematter. 2003, On14March framework ofitsCommonOrganisationtheMarket forthesugarsector. Communities concerningtheexportsubsidiesprovidedbyEuropeanin Brazil (WT/DS266)and Thailand (WT/DS283) (WT/DS265), complaintsby Australia European Communities –Exportsubsidiesonsugar, 25 July2001(66Federal Register38630). issuedon determination tocontinuetheanti-dumping dutyorderonOCTGfrom Argentina, andtheUnitedStatesDepartmentofCommerce respectively, 3434), No. 2001 (USITCPub. issuedon7November 2000(65Federal Register 66701)andJune on OCTGfrom Argentina, States International Trade Commissioninthesunsetreviewsofanti-dumpingdutyorder the finaldeterminationsofUnited StatesDepartmentofCommerceandtheUnited complaintby Argentina (WT/DS268) goods from Argentina, United States–Sunsetreviews ofanti-dumpingmeasures onoilcountrytubular to issueitsfinalreportthepartiesinFebruary 2004. theChairmanofPanel informedtheDSBthatPanel expected On 2December2003, The Panel expectedtoissueitsfinalreportthepartiesinDecember2003. months. thePanel wouldnotbeabletocompleteitsworkinsix due tothecomplexityofmatter, theChairmanofPanel informedtheDSBthat On25 August 2003, its third-partyrights. Japan reserved On15January 2003, Communities andIndiareservedtheirthird-partyrights. n1 oebr20,theChairmanofPanel informedtheDSBthatitwouldnotbe On 17November2003, China, Canada, Argentina, The DSBestablishedaPanel atitsmeetingon18March2003. Brazil contendedthatthesemeasureswereinconsistentwiththeobligationsof On 27September2002Brazil requestedconsultationswiththeUnitedStatesregarding Brazil and Thailand requestedtheDirector-General to Australia, On 15December2003, Brazil and Thailand eachrequestedtheestablishmentofa Australia, On 9July2003, Australia andBrazil requestedconsultations withtheEuropean On 27September2002, n7Otbr20,Argentina requestedconsultationswiththeUnitedStatesregarding On 7October2002, ae a salse yteDBa t etn n8Jnay20.The European A panelwas establishedbytheDSBatitsmeetingon8January 2003. 61 WTO activities Resolution of trade conflicts under the WTO’s Dispute Settlement Understanding WTO activities Resolution of trade conflicts under the WTO’s Dispute 62 Settlement Understanding reserved itsthird-partyrights. Chile On4September2003, Thailand andtheUnitedStatesreservedtheirthird-partyrights. India, Ecuador, theEuropeanCommunities, China, panel atitsmeetingon29 August 2003. the SPS Agreement andthe Agreement onImportLicensingProcedures. that thesemeasuresareinconsistentwiththeobligationsof Australia undertheGATT 1994, The Philippinesconsidered measures affectingtheimportationinto Australia offreshfruit. vegetables complaintbythePhilippines(WT/DS270) Australia –Certainmeasures affectingtheimportationoffresh fruit and rights inthesinglepanel. ColumbiaandChilereservedtheirthird-party Brazil, Inaddition, parties inthesinglepanel. party rightsinthepanelestablishedatrequestofBrazil werealsoconsideredasthird The Membersthathadreservedtheirthird- 9.1oftheDSU. and inaccordancewith Article pursuanttoanagreementbetweentheparties theDSBestablishedasinglepanel, panel, furthertoasecondrequestby Thailand fortheestablishmentofa 21 November2003, rights. Thailand andtheUnitedStatesreservedtheirthird-party China, Chile, 7 November2003. theDSBestablishedapanelatitsmeetingon second requesttoestablishapanelbyBrazil, or indirectlyundertheGATT 1994. benefitsaccruingtoBrazil directly withinthemeaningof Article XXIII:1, nullifies andimpairs, Brazil claimedthattheapplicationofthismeasurebyEuropeanCommunities addition, In obligations oftheEuropeanCommunitiesunder Articles IIandXXVIIIoftheGATT 1994. incontravention ofthe than thatprovidedintheEuropeanCommunitiesSchedules, Brazil consideredthatitscommercehasbeenaccordedtreatmentlessfavourable measure, Asaresultofthis to saltedmeat(CNcode0210)intheECSchedulesunderGATT 1994. exist beforeandsubjectstheimportsoftheseproductstoahighertariffthanthatapplicable thisnewdescriptionincludesasaltcontenttotheproductthatdidnot According toBrazil, cuts undertheEuropeanCommunitiesCombinedNomenclature(“CN”)code0207.14.10. whichprovidesanewdescriptionoffrozenbonelesschicken of8July2002, 1223/2002”), 1223/2002(“RegulationNo. concerning EuropeanCommunitiesCommissionRegulationNo. complaints byBrazil (WT/DS269)and Thailand (WT/DS286) European Communities–Customsclassificationoffrozen bonelesschicken cuts, u o eesrl xlsvl f rils1 ,31 () () 6.3and6.5oftheSCM Agreement. 5(c), 5(a), 3.1, 2, Articles 1, but notnecessarilyexclusivelyof: inparticular,breach ofKorea’s obligations undertheprovisionsofSCM Agreement, The EuropeanCommunities consideredthattheKorean measuresarein offshore units). passengerandRoRoferries andothernon-cargovessels(including LNG/LPG carriers, productandchemicaltankers, oiltankers, containerships, bulkcarriers, including: granted withrespecttotheproductionofcommercial vesselsforinternationalcommerce, The EuropeanCommunitiesindicatedthatthesubsidies inquestionwere Agreement. areinconsistentwithKorea’s obligationsunderthe SCM European Communities, accordingtothe certain measuresestablishingsubsidiestoitsshipbuildingindustry which, European Communities(WT/DS273) complaintbythe Korea –Measures affectingtrade incommercial vessels, 03 theDirector-General composedthepanel. 2003, September On4 ArgentinarequestedtheDirector-General tocomposethepanel. 2003, On22 August MexicoandChinese Taipei reservedtheirthird-partyrights. Korea, Japan, Commission was inconsistentwith Articles 3and11.3ofthe Anti-Dumping Agreement. ItalsoclaimedthatthesunsetreviewconductedbyInternational Trade and12.3ofthe Anti-Dumping Agreement. 12.1, 11.4, 11.3, 5.8, 5, inconsistent with Articles 2, Agreement. Articles VI andXofthe and18ofthe Anti-Dumping Agreement; General 12, Agreement on Tariffs and and Article XVI:4ofthe Trade 11, WTO (GATT) 1994; 6, 5, 3, 2, anti-dumping measureswereinconsistenteitherontheirfaceorasappliedwith Articles 1, procedures relatedtotheadministration ofsunsetreviewsandthe application of ute oascn eus oetbihapnlb h hlpie,theDSBestablisheda Further toasecondrequestestablishpanelbythePhilippines, thePhilippinesrequestedconsultationswith Australia oncertain On 18October2002, Atitsmeetingon Thailand requestedtheestablishmentofapanel. On 27October2003, Furthertoa Brazil requestedtheestablishmentofapanel. On 19September2003, Brazil requestedconsultationswiththeEuropeanCommunities On 11October2002, n2 coe 02 theEuropean CommunitiesrequestedconsultationswithKorea on On 21October2002, h S salse ae tismeigo 9My20.The EuropeanCommunities, The DSBestablishedapanelatitsmeetingon19May2003. ArgentinaclaimedthatthesunsetreviewconductedbyDOCwas Furthermore, policiesand regulations, Argentina consideredthatgeneral UnitedStateslaws, complete itsworkinFebruary 2004. The Panel expectedto complete itsworkinsixmonthslightofschedulingconflicts. Chairman ofthePanel informedtheDSBthatitwouldnotbepossibleforPanel to the On19December 2003, theDirector-General composedthepanel. 19 June2003, On CanadarequestedtheDirector-General tocomposethepanel. On12June2003, rights. Korea reserveditsthirdparty On16May2003, and Japan reservedtheirthirdpartyrights. 22and32.1 oftheSCM Agreement. 15.8, 15.7, 15.5, 15.4, 15.3, 15.2, 15.1, Articles 10, various provisionsofthe Anti-Dumping Agreement and Article VI:6(a) oftheGATT 1994, theUnitedStateshasviolateditsobligationsunder throughthesemeasures, claimed that, determined aresubsidizedandsoldintheUnitedStatesatlessthanfairvalue.Canada reason ofimportssoftwoodlumberfromCanadathattheDepartmentCommercehas 36022-36023)thatanindustryintheUnitedStatesisthreatenedwithmaterialinjuryby pp. Number99at published intheUnitedStatesFederal Registeron22May2002(Volume 67, noticeofwhichwas as aresultoftheUSITC’s finaldeterminationmadeon2May2002, 731-TA-928 (Final)) andthefinaldefinitiveanti-dumpingcountervailing dutiesapplied the investigationofUSITCin complaintbyCanada(WT/DS277) lumber from Canada, United States–InvestigationoftheInternational Trade Commissioninsoftwood the DSBthatPanel expectedtoissueitsfinalreportthepartiesinFebruary 2004. theChairmanof thePanel informed On30October2003, for theirinformationon21July2003. thepreliminary rulingbythePanel was circulatedtoMembers accededtobythePanel, States, FurthertoarequestbytheUnited Mexicoreserveditsthird-partyrights. On 25July2003, Japan andChinese Taipei reservedtheirthird-partyrights. theEuropeanCommunities, China, Chile, Australia, The DSBestablishedasecondpanelatitsmeetingon11July2003. 2003. had agreedtotheUnitedStates’requestsuspendPanel forthreeweeks from1-21July theChairofPanel informedtheDSBthatit On1July2003, General composedthepanel. theDirector- On12May2003, Canada requestedtheDirector-General tocomposethepanel. On2May2003, Chinaand Australia reservedtheirthird-partyrights. 2003 respectively, On9and10 April Japan andMexicoreservedtheirthird-partyrights. European Communities, domestic grain overimportedgrain whenallocatinggovernment-ownedrailcars. andCanadaprovidesapreferencefor revenues receivedontheshipmentofimportedgrain; maximum revenuesthatrailroads mayreceiveontheshipmentofdomesticgrain butnot andCanadianLawcapsthe grain beingreceivedintoordischargedoutofgrain elevators, importedwheatcannotbemixedwithCanadiandomestic Act andCanadianregulations, UndertheCanadianGrain 2of TRIMs sincetheydiscriminateagainstimportedgrain: Article the followingCanadianmeasuresareinconsistentwith Article IIIoftheGATT 1994and theUnitedStatesmaintainsthat As regardsthetreatmentofgrain importedintoCanada, wheat appeartobeinconsistentwithparagraphs 1(a)and1(b)of Article XVIIofGATT 1994. to purchaseandsellwesternCanadianwheatforhumanconsumption)relatedexportof Government ofCanadaandtheCanadian Wheat Board(anentityenjoyingexclusiverights theactionsof AccordingtotheUnitedStates, by Canadatograin importedintoCanada. concerning theexportofwheatbyCanadian Wheat Boardandthetreatmentaccorded complaintbytheUnitedStates(WT/DS276) grain, Canada –Measures relating toexportsofwheatandtreatment ofimported administrative review thatledtotheimpositionofcountervailing dutiesof 11.6% Mexico claims thatthe imposition ofcountervailing dutiesonimportsofthesaidproducts. 810) aswellthebasisonwhich theyreachedthisdeterminationwhichhadledtothe United Statesauthoritiesonimports ofcarbonsteelplatesinsheetsfromMexico(C-201- the finaldeterminationinanadministrative reviewofcountervailing duties imposedbythe complaint byMexico(WT/DS280) United States–CountervailingDutiesonimportsofsteel plate from Mexico, ops h ae.O 0Ags 03 theDirector-General composedthepanel. On20 August 2003, compose thepanel. developing informationconcerningseriousprejudiceunder Annex V oftheSCM Agreement. 2of Annex V oftheSCM Agreement withrespectto procedures pursuanttoparagraph toinitiatethe Annex V followingtherequestbyEuropeanCommunities, agreed, The Chinese DSBalso Taipei andtheUnitedStatesreservedtheirthird-partyrights. Norway, h S salse ae tismeigo a 03 The EuropeanCommunities The DSB establishedapanelatitsmeetingon7May2003. n2 eebr20,CanadarequestedconsultationswiththeUnitedStatesregarding On 20December2002, the Chinese Taipei, Chile, The DSBestablishedaPanel atitsmeetingon31March2003. theUnitedStatesrequestedconsultationswithCanada On 17December2002, n2 aur 03 Mexicorequestedconsultations withtheUnitedStatesregarding On 21January 2003, n1 uut20,theEuropeanCommunitiesrequestedDirector-General to On 11 August 2003, Mexico, Japan, China, The DSBestablishedapanelatitsmeetingon21July2003. Softwood Lumber from Canada from Lumber Softwood Iv.Ns 701-TA-414 and Nos. (Invs. ad 63 WTO activities Resolution of trade conflicts under the WTO’s Dispute Settlement Understanding WTO activities Resolution of trade conflicts under the WTO’s Dispute 64 Settlement Understanding Canada reserveditsthird-partyrights. On5September2003, Communities andChinese Taipei reservedtheirthird-partyrights. required in Article 1.1(b)oftheSCM Agreement. Department ofCommercedidnotmake adeterminationoftheexistencebenefitas Mexico claimsthattheUnitedStates Inparticular, and 21oftheSCM Agreement. 03 Canadareserveditsthird-partyrights. 2003, On5September Japan andChinese Taipei reservedtheirthird-partyrights. Communities, the WTO Agreement. 12and18 11, 10, VIandXoftheGATT 1994and Article XVI:4of 9, ArticlesIII, of the Anti-Dumping Agreement, 8, 6, 4, 3, 2, anti-dumping measuresareincompatiblewith Articles 1, Mexico consideredthattheabove by theUnitedStatesauthoritiesindeterminations. regulationsandadministrative practices (suchas “zeroing”) used included anumberoflaws, Mexico’s request Inadditiontothemeasures, cement andclinker fromMexico. several anti-dumpingmeasuresimposedbytheUnitedStatesonimportsofgreyportland complaint byMexico(WT/DS281) United States– Anti-dumping measures onimportsofcementfrom Mexico, valorem work bytheendof April 2004. The Panel hopedtocompleteits possible forthePanel tocompleteitsworkinsixmonths. composed thepanel. theDirector-General On25 August 2003, the Director-General tocomposethepanel. AntiguaandBarbudarequested On15 August 2003, Japan reserveditsthird-partyrights. On23July2003, MexicoandChinese Taipei reservedtheirthird-partyrights. Communities, annexed totheGATS. andtheUnitedStatesScheduleofSpecific Commitments XVIandXVIIthereof, XI, VIII, VI, andinparticular Articles II, inconsistent withtheUnitedStatesobligationsunderGATS, themeasuresatissuemaybe Accordingto Antigua andBarbuda, a cross-borderbasis. supply ofgamblingandbettingservicesfromanother WTO MembertotheUnitedStateson considered thatthecumulativeimpactofUnitedStatesmeasuresistoprevent AntiguaandBarbuda which affectthecross-bordersupplyofgamblingandbettingservices. regionalandlocalauthoritiesintheUnitedStates regarding measuresappliedbycentral, complaintby Antigua andBarbuda(WT/DS285) services, United States–Measures affectingcross-border supplyofgambling andbetting Canadareserveditsthird-partyrights. September2003, On 5 Chinese Taipei and Venezuela Japan, reservedtheirthird-partyrights. European Communities, the WTO Agreement. Articles VI andXoftheGATT 1994 and Anti-Dumping Article XVI:4of Agreement, 11and18ofthe 6, 3, 2, anti-dumping measuresareincompatiblewith Articles 1, Mexicoconsidersthattheabove United Statesauthoritiesintheabovedeterminations. regulationsandadministrative practices (suchas “zeroing”) usedbythe of laws, Mexico’s requestincludesanumber Inadditiontothesemeasures, anti-dumping orders. and theUnitedStatesauthorities’determinationregardingcontinuationof includingthefinaldeterminationsinsomeadministrative andsunsetreviews; Mexico, several anti-dumpingmeasuresimposedbytheUnitedStatesonimportsofOCTGfrom from Mexicocomplaintby(WT/DS282) United States– Anti-dumping measures onoilcountrytubulargoods(OCTG) exercise ofthatdiscretion. discretion granted to aDirectorofQuarantine andbyadministrative guidanceissuedonthe regime forimportsappearstobe governed bothbylegislationaswelltheexerciseof the Australian quarantine Accordingto the EuropeanCommunities, certain specificcases. both assuchandappliedto regarding the Australian quarantine regimeforimports, Communities (WT/DS287) complaintbythe European Australia –Quarantine regime forimports, h S salse ae tismeigo 9Ags 03 hn,theEuropean China, The DSBestablishedapanelatitsmeetingon29 August 2003. h S salse ae tismeigo 9Ags 03 hn,theEuropean China, The DSBestablishedapanelatitsmeetingon29 August 2003. MexicorequestedconsultationswiththeUnitedStatesconcerning On 3February 2003, n2 aur 04 theChairmanofPanel informedtheDSBthatitwouldnotbe On 29January 2004, theEuropean Canada, The DSB establishedapanelatitsmeetingon21July2003. AntiguaandBarbudarequestedconsultationswiththeUnitedStates On 21March2003, the China, Argentina, The DSBestablishedapanelatitsmeetingon29 August 2003. MexicorequestedconsultationswiththeUnitedStatesasregards On 18February 2003, n3Arl20,theEuropeanCommunities requestedconsultationswith Australia On 3 April 2003, yuigte“aepro”mtoooyi noptbewt rils1,1,19 14, methodologyisincompatiblewith Articles 10, by usingthe “same person” third-party rights. Japan andChinese Taipei reservedtheir theEuropeanCommunities, China, 23 January 2004. theDSBestablishedapanelat its meetingon second requesttoestablishapanel byKorea, the SCM Agreement. and15.5of 15.4, 15.2, determinations mentionedabove are inconsistentwith Articles 15.1, Korea claimedthatthe the firstrequestforconsultationswas madebyKorea. after thatis, bothofwhichwerepublishedon11 August 2003, countervailing dutyorder, This request concernstheUSITC’s affirmativefinalinjurydeterminationandtheDOC’s final authorities’ countervailing dutydeterminationsonDRAMs andDRAMmodulesfromKorea. On18 32.1oftheSCM Agreement. 22, Korea requestedfurtherconsultationswithregardtotheUnitedStates 17, August 2003, 14, 12, 11, 10, 2, GATT 1994and Articles 1, Korea claimedthatthedeterminationswereinconsistentwith Articles VI:3 and X:3ofthe onDRAMsandDRAM modulesfromKorea. may bemadeduringtheinjuryinvestigation, thepreliminaryinjurydeterminationandanysubsequentdeterminationsthat determinations, United Statesauthorities’affirmativepreliminaryandfinalcountervailing duty (WT/DS296) complaintbyKorea access memorysemiconductors (DRAMs) from Korea, United States–Countervailingdutyinvestigationondynamicrandom Communities and Turkey reservedtheirthird-partyrights. Agreement the Anti-Dumping Agreement andtheSCM obligations undertheprovisionsofGATT 1994, provisions ofMexico’s Foreign Trade Act anditsFederal CodeofCivilProcedure. definitive anti-dumpingmeasuresonbeefandlonggrain whitericeaswellcertain United States(WT/DS295) complaintbythe Mexico –Definitive Anti-Dumping Measures onBeefandRice, reserved itsthird-partyrights. Paraguay On9September, Brazil reserveditsthird-partyrights. On 8September2003, Mexicoreserveditsthird-partyrights. On5September2003, third-party rights. ArgentinaandtheUnitedStatesreservedtheir On4September2003, third-party rights. Canadareservedits On3September2003, Thailand Chinese Taipei, and Uruguayreservedtheirthird-partyrights. Peru, Norway, NewZealand, Honduras, ElSalvador, Colombia, China, the TBTAgreement. and theAgricultureAgreement 1994, theGATT European Communitiesobligationsundervarious provisionsoftheSPS Agreement, European Communitiesonthesamematter. Argentinarequestedconsultationswiththe On14May2003, European Communities. already beenapprovedbytheEuropeanCommunitiesforimportandmarketing inthe national marketing andimportbansonbiotechproductseventhoughthosehave and CanadaassertedthatanumberofEuropeanCommunitiesmemberStatesmaintain theUnitedStates RegardingmemberState-levelmeasures, the UnitedStatesandCanada. approval ofbiotechproductshasrestrictedimportsagricultural andfoodproductsfrom that themoratorium appliedbytheEuropeanCommunitiessinceOctober1998on theUnitedStatesandCanadaasserted RegardingEC-levelmeasures, States andCanada. and itsmemberStatesaffectingimportsofagricultural andfoodimportsfromtheUnited European Communitiesconcerningcertainmeasurestaken bytheEuropeanCommunities (WT/DS293) Canada(WT/DS292)and Argentina complaints bytheUnitedStates(WT/DS291), Measures affectingtheapproval andmarketing ofbiotechproducts, oebr20.Cnd,Cie hn,Ida hlpie,Thailand andtheUnitedStates reserved theirthird-partyrights. Philippines, India, China, Chile, Canada, 7 November2003. The DSBestablishedapanelatitsmeetingon establishment ofapaneltotheDSB. theEuropeanCommunitiessubmittedarevisedrequestfor On 14October2003, 5.6and, 8and Annex C. 5.1, 5.7, if applicable, 4.1, 3.3, 2.3, Articles2.2, althoughnotlimitedto, andinparticular, Agreement, n1 oebr20,Krarqetdteetbiheto ae.Further toa Korea requestedtheestablishmentofapanel. On 19November2003, Korea requestedconsultationswiththeUnitedStatesconcerning On 30June2003, theEuropean China, The DSBestablishedapanelatitsmeetingon7November2003. The UnitedStatesclaimedthatthesemeasureswereinconsistentwithMexico’s theUnitedStatesrequestedconsultationswithMexicoconcerningits On 16June2003, Chile, Australia, The DSBestablishedasinglepanelatitsmeetingon29 August 2003. themeasuresatissueappeartobeinconsistentwith According tothecomplainants, theUnitedStatesandCanadarequestedconsultationswith On 13May2003, n2 uut20,theEuropeanCommunitiesrequestedestablishmentofapanel. On 29 August 2003, The EuropeanCommunitiesconsidersthatthemeasuresmaybecontrary totheSPS 65 WTO activities Resolution of trade conflicts under the WTO’s Dispute Settlement Understanding WTO activities Resolution of trade conflicts under the WTO’s Dispute 66 Settlement Understanding party rights. andtheUnitedStatesreservedtheirthird- Chinese Taipei, Japan, China, 23 January 2004. theDSBestablishedapanelatitsmeetingon second requesttoestablishapanelbyKorea, in theOfficialJournalofEuropeanCommunitieson22 August 2003. August2003andpublished which wereadoptedbytheEuropeanCouncilon11 measures, the EuropeanCommunitiesconcerningfinalcountervailing 22and32.1ofthe Agreement onSubsidiesand Korea 17, requestedfurtherconsultationswith On 25 August 2003, 15, Countervailing Measures. 14, 12, 11, 10, 2, (b) Articles 1, (a) Articles VI:3 andX.3ofGATTobligations underthefollowing 1994; WTO provisions: European Communitiesmeasuresatissueareinconsistentwiththe these InKorea’s view, dynamic random accessmemorychips(“DRAMs”)fromKorea. countervailing measureswhichmaybefinalizedandimplementedlaterthisyearagainst concerning theEuropeanCommunitiesprovisionalcountervailing measuresandanyfinal complaintbyKorea (WT/DS299) memory chipsfrom Korea, European Communities –Countervailingmeasures ondynamicrandom access Appellate Bodyappointmentandreappointments their third-partyrights. Nicaragua andElSalvador reserved Guatemala, On19January 2004, their third-partyrights. theEuropeanCommunitiesandUnitedStatesreserved Chile, China, January 2004. on 9 theDSBestablishedapanelatitsmeeting second requesttoestablishapanelbyHonduras, andXV:4 ofGATT 1994. XI:1, X:3(a), X:1, III:4, III:2, II:1(b), Articles foreign exchangefeeof4.75%thevalue oftheimportedmerchandise. and(vi)leviesa value ofthe importedgoods; economic stabilizationof2%thec.i.f. (v)leviesatransitional surchargefor by requiringimportersofcigarettestopostabond; (iv)entailscostsandadministrative burdenshinderingtheimportationofcigarettes Republic; requiring thatstampsbeaffixedtocigarettespackagesintheterritoryofDominican to importedcigarettesthatarelessfavourable thanthoseaccordedtodomesticcigarettesby (iii)accordsconditionsofcompetition the purposeofapplyingselectiveconsumptiontax; conducted bytheCentral Bankthataretobeuseddeterminethevalue ofcigarettesfor (ii)doesnotpublishthesurveys purpose ofapplyingtheselectiveconsumptiontax; procedures andadministrative practices todeterminethevalue ofimportedcigarettesforthe (i)appliesspecialrules, theDominicanRepublic: AccordingtoHonduras, (WT/DS300/1). request isanewandexpandedversionofcomplaintfiledbyHonduras on28 August 2003 This concerning certainmeasuresaffectingtheimportationandinternalsaleofcigarettes. Cigarettes ComplaintbyHonduras WT/DS302 Dominican Republic–Measures Affecting theImportationandInternalSaleof TRIPS Council. andthe theCouncilfor theCouncilfor TradeTrade inServices, inGoods, theDSB, Council, theGeneral Selection CommitteecomprisingtheDirector-General andtheChairpersons of: made followingconsultationswith WTO Membersandonthebasisofaproposalby These ofthe appointmentswere WTO membership. membership be “broadly representative” matter ofthe ThisWTO agreementsgenerally.” Article alsorequiresthatthe Appellate Body internationaltrade andthesubject with demonstrated expertiseinlaw, recognized authority, whichstipulatesthatthe Appellate Bodyshall “comprise personsof Understanding (DSU), 1 June2004. andthesecondtermsofMessrs Abi-Saab andGanesanwillcommence on 2003, Mr Taniguchi’sserve secondfour-year secondtermcommencedon11December terms. and to Yasuhei Arumugamangalam TaniguchiVenkatachalam GanesanofIndia, ofJapan, theDSBappointedMessrs GeorgesMichel Abi-Saab ofEgypt, At thesametime, 2003 ofMrJames Bacchus’(UnitedStates)secondandfinaltermonthe Appellate Body. Ms Janow was appointedtofillthevacancy thatarosewiththecompletion inDecember commencing11December2003. seven-member Appellate Bodyforafour-year term, n1 oebr20,Krarqetdteetbiheto ae.Furthertoa Korea requestedtheestablishmentofapanel. On 19November2003, Korea requestedconsultationswiththeEuropeanCommunities On 25July2003, n8Dcme 03 odrsrqetdteetbiheto ae.Furthertoa Honduras requestedtheestablishmentofapanel. On 8December2003, Honduras considersthattheseDominicanRepublic’s measuresareinconsistentwith Honduras requestedconsultationswiththeDominicanRepublic On 8October2003, The appointments weremadeaccordingto Article 17.3oftheDisputeSettlement Janow oftheUnitedStatesto theDSBappointedMsMeritE. On 7November2003, X Trade Policy ReviewMechanism IX. uoenUin aa n h ntdSae i ie;fu ebr Asrla Hong fourMembers(Australia; Japan andtheUnitedStatessix times; European Union, withCanadahavingbeenreviewedseventimesandthe Members (countingEU-15asone), beappliedwitha flexibilityofsixmonths’extension. ifnecessary, intervals may, Ithasbeenagreedthat these longer interval envisagedforleast developed countries. with a andtheremaining WTO Memberseverysixyears, trading partnersevery fouryears; thenext 16largest Japan andCanada)arereviewedeverytwoyears; the UnitedStates, TPRB was chairedby Ambassador Mary Whelan (Ireland). the During2003, of equalranking totheGeneral Council and theDisputeSettlementBody. impose newpolicycommitments. or to fordisputesettlementprocedures, serve asabasisfortheenforcementofobligations, They arenotintended to aswelltheexternaltrading environment. Member concerned, policiesandobjectivesofthe background ofthewidereconomicanddevelopmentalneeds, Reviewstake placeagainstthe the functioningofmultilateral trading system. andoftheirimpacton policies andpractices inallareascoveredbythe WTO Agreements, regular collectiveappreciationandevaluation ofthefullrange ofindividualMembers’trade The Mechanismenablesthe thetrade policiesandpractices ofMembers. understanding of, and The TPR reviewsaimtoachievegreatertransparency in, multilateral trading system. andthustothesmootherfunctioningof disciplines andcommitments, WTO toitsrules, aretocontributeimprovedadherencebyallMembersofthe of theMarrakesh Agreement, rmBnlds W/S0)Bnlds 28January 2004 Bangladesh 23December2003 UnitedStates 24November2003 8December2003 3September2003 28 website. Thelistdoesnotincludethosedisputeswhere apanelwaseitherrequested or established. August 2003 Communities a from Bangladesh(WT/DS306) Chile Korea Honduras India – Anti-Dumping MeasureonBatteries and 22July2003 Apparel Products(WT/DS305) Egypt –Measures Affecting Importsof Textile European 9July2003 Guatemala from theEuropeanCommunities(WT/DS304) India – Anti-Dumping MeasuresonImportsofCertainProducts 16 April 2003 Hungary of MediumDensityFibreboard(WT/DS303) Ecuador –DefinitiveSafeguardMeasureonImports 2003 9April in Commercial Vessels (WT/DS301) Poland European Communities–Measures Affecting Trade DateofRequest of Cigarettes(WT/DS300) Turkey Dominican Republic–Measures Affecting theImportation 17March2003 Complainant 12June2003 and OtherPurposes(WT/DS298) European Mexico –CertainPricingMeasuresforCustoms Valuation Nicaragua Communities and MeatProducts(WT/DS297) Croatia –Measure Affecting ImportsofLive Animals for CalculatingDumpingMargins(“Zeroing”)(WT/DS294) RegulationsandMethodology United States–Laws, from Poland (WT/DS289) Czech Republic– Additional DutyonImportsofPig-Meat from Turkey(WT/DS288) South Africa –Definitive Anti-Dumping MeasuresonBlanketing from Nicaragua (WT/DS284) Mexico –CertainMeasuresPreventingtheImportationofBlackBeans Dispute Request forconsultations Table II.7 yteedo 03 oa f12rveshdbe odce,covering96 WTO atotalof182 reviewshadbeenconducted, By theendof2003, theEuropeanUnion(EU), thefourlargesttrading entities(atpresent, Under the TPRM, afull-membershipbody Reviews areconductedinthe Trade Policy ReviewBody(TPRB), asestablishedin The objectivesofthe Annex 3 Trade Policy ReviewMechanism(TPRM), These casesappearinorder ofdaterequested. More informationontheserequests cantobefoundontheWTO a 67 WTO activities Trade Policy Review Mechanism WTO activities 68 Committee on Regional Trade Agreements 35 34 33 32 31 CommitteeonRegional Trade Agreements XI. CommitteeonBalance-of-Payments Restrictions X. while negotiationswithSyriaareongoing. Lebanon enteredintoforceinMarch2003, negotiations. Association (EFTA) arepursuingasimilarsetof MembersoftheEuropeanFree Trade ongoing. Negotiations with Albania arecurrently Macedonia (FYROM)andCroatiarespectively. to datewiththeFormer Yugoslav Republicof Slovenia. and theSlovak republic, Poland, Malta, Lithuania, Latvia, Hungary, Estonia, Republics, theCzech accession totheEUofCyprus, RTAs mayberepealedormodified uponthe notified totheGATT/WTO. region_e.htm foracompletelistofRTAs http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/region_e/ see Clause; Enabling the and GATS ArticleV, XXIV, Article process. Moldova isassociatedtothe Yugoslavia; Romania andtheFederal Republic of FYROM, Croatia, Bulgaria, and Herzegovina, It isexpectedthatasmany60existing tblt atcutisaeAbna Bosnia Stability Pact countries are Albania, The Interim Agreement between theEUand Two suchagreementshavebeenconcluded These includenotificationsmadeunderGATT Europe. bilateral Stabilizationand Association Agreements withthecountriesof south-eastern theEUhasbeenpursuingitsstabilizationstrategy throughthenegotiationof Balkans, Pact, developed amongsouth-easternEuropean countriesundertheauspicesofStability Bernan Associates. ACD-ROMofall Tradedistribution ofthereports. Policy Reviewsisalsomadeavailable by This commercialarrangement aimstoensurea wideandefficient by Bernan Associates. TPRreportsarepublishedonbehalfofthe available immediatelyonthe WTOWTO website. theconcludingremarksbyChairand TPR Reportsare the WTO pressrelease, Report, The summaryobservations oftheSecretariat some casesbytheMemberunderreview. are heldregularlybytheChairorDirectorof Trade Policies ReviewDivisionandin Pressbriefings electronic formatthroughtheSecretariat’s DocumentManagementSystem. Documents distributedforreviewsareavailable toalldelegationsof WTO Membersin the basisofan Annual ReportbytheDirector-General. on international trading environmentthathaveanimpactonthemultilateral trading system, the Third MinisterialConferenceinSeattle. The resultsofthe Appraisal werepresentedto mission andobjectivesremainedimportant. Membersfoundthatthe TPRM was functioningeffectivelyandthatits Overall, Mechanism. TPRB undertookin1999anappraisal oftheoperation ofthe Trade Policy Review covered 20ofthe30LDCsthatare WTO Members. TPR reviewshad Bytheendof2003, for Least-DevelopedCountries’ Trade Development. as encouraged bytheNovember1997High-LevelMeetingonIntegrated Initiatives countries, seventh time. includingtheEuropeanUnionandUnitedStatesfor 2004 includes17reviews, The programme fortheyear Chileand concluding remarksforthesereviewsareincludedin TheTurkey. Annex I. Chairperson’s Thailand, Haiti, Guyana, Bulgaria, Niger, Honduras, Indonesia, Senegal, Morocco, Zealand, New Swaziland), SouthAfrica, Namibia, Lesotho, Southern African CustomsUnion(Botswana, Burundi, Canada, ElSalvador, inchronologicalorder,Maldives, reviewsof: the TPRB carriedout17 During2003, twice. Members, 34 threetimesand andSwitzerland), Singapore, Norway, Mexico, the Malaysia, Republic ofKorea, India, Chile, nineMembers(Brazil, fourtimes; Indonesiaand Thailand), China; Kong, enlargement oftheEUtoaccommodatetennewmembersscheduled forMay2004. integration inEuropehasmovedtoaphaseofconsolidation withtheupcoming grant Mongoliathestatusofonly WTO MembernotyetpartytoanyRTA. wherethe expectedfinalizationofseveral bilateral RTAs willsoon in the Asian-Pacific region, aswell This trendhasbeenmostevidentinthe Western Hemisphere, the proposalstage. RTA partnerswiththeannouncementofnegotiationsseveral newRTAs andmanymorein uncertainty concerningthefateofDohaRoundhasapparently precipitated thepursuitof notified agreementsinforceto193. increasingthetotalnumberof EighteenRTAs werenotifiedtothe WTO in2003, relations. number hascontinuedtorisefurtheringthegrowthofpreferentialanddiscriminatorytrade thesamecannotbe saidforregionaltrade agreements(RTAs) whose and sluggishprogress, China’s Protocolof Accession. Committee completeditssecondannualreviewunderthe Transitional ReviewMechanismof The itsnextconsultationisduein2004. restrictions forbalance-of-paymentspurposes; the networkofeuro-Mediterranean Association Agreements almostcompleted, With betweentheEUandcountriesinNorth Africa andtheMiddleEast. Barcelona Process, aspartofthe trade chapterofthe Asimilarprocessisunderway, countries oftheregion. Substantial progresshascontinuedtobemadeinenhancingawareness ofthe TPRM. The TPRB isalsoresponsibleforcarryingoutthe Annual Overviewofdevelopmentsinthe the As requiredin Annex 3oftheMarrakesh Agreement establishingtheMechanism, greaterfocushasbeenplacedonreviewsofleast-developed Over thepastfewyears, aigbe h ou fRAatvt o eea eae,theprocessofregional Having beenthefocusofRTA activityforseveral decades, While 2003hasbeenformultilateral trade negotiationsayearcharacterized bysetbacks BangladeshistheonlyMembermaintaining No consultationswereheldin2003. 34 with theaimtoprogressivelyestablish afree-trade areabetweentheEUand 33 These agreementsaretocomplementthenetworkofbilateral RTAs currentlybeing 31 The impasse experiencedatCancúnandtheresulting 35 Euromed 32 In the of 147agreementsunderexamination. (trade ingoodsonly). arrangements amongdevelopingcountries governs theconclusionofpreferential Favourable Treatment (EnablingClause) GATT CouncilonDifferentialand More The 1979Decisionofthe trade inservices. GATS foragreementsintheareaof Article V, andin agreements coveringtrade ingoods, 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 comprising ChileandNewZealand). SriLankaandP3(Trilateral FTA Jordan, India, Korea, Mexico, negotiations withCanada, Thailand. compromise planagreedatthe8 unable toagreeonthedetailsof CARICOM-Costa Rica. as wellconclusionofnegotiationsbetween Bolivia-Chile; Andean Community-MERCOSUR; Mexico-Uruguay; between Mexico-Argentina; States. between ASEAN countriesandtheUnited which offerstheprospectofbilateral FTAs investment tieswith ASEAN countriesand Initiative (EAI)tostrengthentrade and launch inOctoberoftheEnterprisefor ASEAN FTA by2013. which wouldculminateinaUSMiddleEast countries intheMiddleEastandNorth Africa, intention tocreateaseriesofRTAs with EU andthe77 ACP countries. the existingCotonou Agreement betweenthe February 2004. next MinisterialMeetingisscheduledin Meeting heldinMiamiNovember2003.The of the Andean countries. accords duty-freetreatmenttomanyproducts which (ATPA), as Amended Preference Act currently beneficiariesofthe Andean Trade to commenceinJanuary 2004. Dominican RepublicintoCAFTA areexpected whilethoseintendedatintegrating the 2004, areexpectedtobefinalizedinearly CAFTA, Singapore iscurrentlyengagedinRTA eoitoswt ot ia asmemberof Negotiations withCostaRica, so eebr20,theCRTA hadatotal As ofDecember2003, Contained inGATT for Article XXIV, oii,Clmi,EcuadorandPeru are Colombia, Bolivia, EPAs arereciprocalFTAs supposedtoreplace hs r aasa h hlpie,and thePhilippines, These areMalaysia, This deadlinemaybeatriskifcountriesare This announcementwas precededbythe The UnitedStateshasalsoannouncedits o xml,negotiationsareunderway For example, th Ministerial entrusted totheCRTA. ofthereportsonanyexaminations andthe substance, consensus ontheformat, Members havebeenunabletoreach Sincetheestablishmentof WTO, difficulties. politicalandlegal duetolong-standinginstitutional, its mandateofconsistencyassessment, theCRTA madenofurther progresson However, continued itsexaminationofRTAs in2003. the bodyentrustedwithverifying the complianceofRTAs withtherelevant WTO provisions, utml,Hnua,andNicaragua, Honduras, Guatemala, negotiations ontheCentral American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) withElSalvador, concluded itsignedFTAs withChileandSingapore, In2003, preferential trade deals. particularly withtheUnitedStatestakingamuchmoreaggressivestancetowards in January 2003. haveconcluded anFTA withSingaporewhichenteredintoforce ontheotherhand, States, The EFTA announced inspiteoftalksforastrategic partnershipbetweenthetworegions. noRTA hasyetbeen however, has beenpromotingtrading linkswith ASEAN members, theEU InSouthEast between theEUand Asia, Western African membersofECOWAS. deepening ofthecomplexnetworkRTAs amongLatinandCentral American countries. Otherregionaldevelopmentspointtoapossibleconsolidationand Dominican Republic. CARICOMandthe announced itsinterestinnegotiationswiththe Andean Community, andhas EFTA and Singapore, negotiating FTAs withfourCentral American countries, and Peru, Ecuador Colombia, Bolivia, announced itsintentiontoinitiatenegotiationswithPanama, andithas thefivemembercountriesofSouth African CustomsUnion(SACU), Morocco, negotiations forwhicharescheduledcompletionby1January 2005. the aims attheformationofaFTA among34countriesinthe Western Hemisphere, This wouldbeinlinewiththeobjectiveofFree Trade which Area ofthe Americas (FTAA), Agreements (EPAs) CaribbeanandPacific) negotiationsforEconomicPartnership phase oftheEU-ACP (African, thesecond Onawiderbasis, at theconclusionofnegotiationsbyend2004. entered theirfinalphasewiththeadoptionofaroadmapon12November2003whichaims operation Council(GCC)arecontinuingwhilethosebetweentheEUandMERCOSUR pan-European systemofcumulationorigintotheassociatedMediterranean countries. Free Trade Area byendorsingaProtocolonrulesoforiginwhichallowsextensionthe Ministers movedin2003onestepforward towards theobjectiveofaEuro-Mediterranean number ofcriteriaandprocedures. forexamplethroughtrade andinvestmentdiversion. agreements onthirdcountries, andtheimpactofthese will resistdilutionofpreferentialmarginsatthemultilateral level; thecreationofvestedinterestsinFTA partnerswhich attention tothemultilateral system; negotiate andadministermultipleagreementswiththeattendantrisk ofdiminished SuchrisksincludethecapacityofRTA partnersto strategy carriescertaininherentrisks. this liberalization ininternationaltrade relations thusbenefitingthemultilateral process, free trade atapreferentiallevelmayexertleverage foropennessandcompetitive While thepromotionof increasingly zealousindevelopingnetworksofpreferentialpartners. Zealand areengagedinFTA negotiationsandproposalswithvarious APEC members. Island Countries Trade while Australia andNew Agreement (PICTA) enteredintoforcein April, thePacific InthePacific region, andisengagedinnegotiationswithSingapore. MERCOSUR, aframework agreementwith ithasconcludedanFTA with PartnershipThailand, with ASEAN, InOctober2003IndiasignedaFramework Agreement on ComprehensiveEconomic States. Australia andannounceditsintentioninOctober2003tobeginnegotiationswiththeUnited while Thailand hasconcludedanFTAconsidering FTAs with withJapan and Singapore, Korea hasconcludedanFTA withChileanditis engaged innegotiationswith ASEAN. andis China; andMacao, China; China foritsparthasconcludedFTAs withHongKong, Asia Free Trade Japan andtheRepublicofKorea. Area (EAFTA) comprising ASEAN plusChina, several moreareataproposal/studyphase. NegotiationsareongoingonanumberofFTAs and Australia andwiththeUnitedStates. Singapore hasextendeditslistofpreferentialtrading partnersbyconcludinganFTA with here wherethemajorityofnegotiationsandproposalsfornewRTAs hastaken place. itis however, RTAs hasincreasedalthoughitremainsfarlowerthaninotherworldregions; with individualcountries. and been establishedtostudythefeasibilityofFTAs betweenJapan and ASEAN asawhole, anumberofworkinggroupshave also Inviewofstrengtheningitstieswith ASEAN, Korea. announced inOctoberthatnegotiationswillsoonbelaunchedonanFTA withtheRepublicof nteWsenHmshr,therehasbeenanintensificationofRTA negotiations In the Western Hemisphere, ute fed negotiationsontheFTA betweentheEUandcountriesofGulfCo- Further afield, T ebr r loe opriiaei einliiitvs albeitsubject toa WTO Membersareallowedto participateinregionalinitiatives, Developments intheglobalRTA landscapein2003showthatall WTO Membersare nAi aii,20 a enaya fitneRAatvte.The numberofconcluded 2003hasbeenayearofintenseRTA activities. In Asia Pacific, 38 Bahrain, 36 39 was launchedinOctober2003withtheopeningofnegotiations and Thailand. 46 44 An additionalworkinggroupisstudyingthefeasibilityofanEast 45 40 The Committee onRegional Trade Agreements (CRTA), aaahscnldda T ihCsaRc,itis Canada hasconcludedanFTA withCostaRica, 37 it haslaunchednegotiationswith Australia, 43 Japan isnegotiatinganFTA withMexicoand 42 41 69 WTO activities Committee on Regional Trade Agreements WTO activities 70 Committee on Trade and Development 50 49 48 47 Committeeon Trade andDevelopment XII. Development Agenda. See SectionIIofthisreportontheDoha WT/COMTD/W/116 and WT/COMTD/W/117. WT/COMTD/W/119/Rev.1. Job(03)/97. h himno h omte,butwhich wereadoptedatthe48 the ChairmanofCommittee, appear inan Addendum pendingtheconsultationstotake placeunderthegoodofficesof on outsourcingandtrade policyclinics. n gedt netk tctkn xrieatrtefrtqatro 04 Atits47 and agreedtoundertake astocktakingexerciseafterthefirstquarterof2004. process ofconsultationswithMembersonarange of issues concerningtechnicalassistance The Committeewelcomedthe intentionoftheSecretariattopursuea for subsequentyears.” taken ontheinclusionofsuchregionalactivitiesintechnicalassistanceandcapacity-building adecisionwillbe the contextofafullreviewtechnicalassistanceandcapacity-building, activities wouldbemovedintoaseparate Addendum withafootnotestatingthat “Within Development Agenda Global Trust Fund. situation withrespecttopledgesannouncedandpaymentsreceivedtheDoha The Secretariatalso informedMembersofthe technical assistanceandtraining activities. Report ontheactivitiescarriedoutin2002andreportsimplementationof2003 icsini h omte.Atthe44 discussion intheCommittee. andthedevelopmentdimensionofelectroniccommerce. among developingcountries; notificationproceduresforregionaltrade agreements development appropriatelyreflected; inordertohelp achievetheobjectiveofhavingsustainable aspects ofthenegotiations, 51 oftheDohaDeclaration onidentifyinganddebatingdevelopmentalenvironmental Paragraph implication totrade anddevelopmentofprimarycommodityexportingcountries; and its decliningtermsoftrade forprimarycommodities, Trade CentreUNCTAD/WTO; thereportofJoint Advisory GroupontheInternational developed countriesitconsidered: Apartfromreceivingnotificationsregardingmarket accessfordevelopingandleast- training. WT/COMTD/48 alsocovertheactivitiesofCTDin2003. andtheCommittee’s 2003 Annual Reportcontainedindocument WT/COMTD/46, of theCommitteetoGeneral CouncilinJuly2003containeddocument The report Two informalmeetingswerealsoheldin2003. documents WT/COMTD/M/44-47. Detailedreportsofthesemeetingscanbefoundin andon2728November. October, Session andasked theSecretariattorevisebothdocumentsfor47 eteUCA/T JG.The reportofthe36 Centre UNCTAD/WTO (JAG). consideration andreporting back. referredtotheSub-CommitteeonLeast-DevelopedCountriesfor relate toLDCs, asfarthey These notificationswere, to itsGeneralized SystemofPreferencesscheme. The GovernmentofJapan alsonotifiedtheCommitteeofimprovements and Icelandin2003. received notificationsofincreasedmarket accessforLDCsfromtheGovernmentsofCanada theCommittee non-reciprocal preferentialtreatmentofdevelopingcountriesandLDCs, of the2003 Technical Assistance Plan. Session theCommitteealsoconsideredadditionalinformationregarding theImplementation Mr DenisBélislewas alsopresent. fia eeaint h T,atthe45 African Delegationtothe WTO, HeadoftheSouth Faizel Ismail, Mr was presentedbytheChairmanofJAG, May 2003, 2 the pastsincetherewillbemorestakes atplay. though thesemayprovemoredifficulttoagreeuponthanin transparency improvements, tohaveanearlyimplementationofRTA’sCancún intensificationofRTA negotiations, especiallygiventhepost- itwillbeimportant, Oncenegotiationsresume, Cancún Ministerial. Assistance Plan, Committee authorizedtheSecretariattoproceedimplement2004 Technical Atthe45 out in2002. Membersrevieweddetailedinformationontheactivitiescarried Inaddition, Assistance Plan. work withrespecttothecommitmentsithadmadeinrelation2003 Technical Quarterly ReportontheImplementationof2003 Technical Assistance Planatthe46 meetings in2003(44 Group onRules, whicharetakingplaceundertheauspicesofNegotiating These negotiations, provisions. at clarifyingandimprovingtherelevant disciplinesandproceduresunderexisting WTO WTO technical assistanceandtraining activitiescontinuedtobetheitemsolicitingmost theCommitteecontinueditsworkrelatedtotechnicalcooperation and During 2003, The CTDalsoreviewsthereportsofJoint Advisory GroupontheInternational Trade As the WTO bodywhichconsidersnotificationsundertheEnablingClauserelatingto ebr a eoete h rf 04TcnclAssac ln andtheSecond Members hadbeforethemthedraft 2004 Technical Assistance Plan, The Committeeon Trade andDevelopmentinRegularSession (CTD)heldfourformal The negotiationsonRTA ruleslaunchedattheFourth MinisterialConferenceinDohaaim 47 50 had progressedmeaningfullyontransparency issuesbythetimeof ihteecpino l ftergoa rd oiycuss whichwould with theexceptionofallregionaltrade policycourses, th th to 47 Session theCommitteeconsidered Technical Cooperation Audit th eso)o ac,2 a n 2Jn,16and23 22Mayand12June, Session) on7March, th 49 48 eso,theSecretariatinformedMembersaboutits Session, th nadto,Membersdiscusseddraft documents In addition, eso fteCD ITC’s ExecutiveDirector, Session oftheCTD. th eso fteJG heldon28 April to Session oftheJAG, th eso.The outreach Session. th Session atwhichthe th th 52 51 WT/COMTD/LDC/11. WT/L/508. Discussions continuedatthe46 declining termsoftrade andstatestheneedfor WTO totake actiononthisissue. nteaed fteCmite Atthe44 on theagendaofCommittee. until thenextmeetingtoallowMembersstudyitmorethoroughly. mn eeoigcutis That notewas beforethe45 among developingcountries. was requestedtopreparealegalnoteontheexistingnotificationrequirements forRTAs was includedontheagendaandSecretariat agreements amongdevelopingcountries” eso.Floigarqetb h omte,theSecretariatpreparedanotefor 44 Following arequestbytheCommittee, Session. then notrevertedtothematter. aeVre tipa Nepaland Yemen attendedandbriefedthe33 Ethiopia, Cape Verde, The Chairpersonsofthe Accession assistance forLDCsaccessions. Working Parties of Bhutan, Accession Working Parties aswellperiodicreportsbytheSecretariatontechnical 2002. forwarded bytheSub-CommitteeandadoptedGeneral Councilon10December implementation andregularmonitoringoftheGuidelineson Accession ofLDCsas Declarations andDecisions. andfollow-upto WTO Ministerial accessionofLDCstothe WTO; Trading System; participationofLDCsintheMultilateral elements oftheLDC-IIIProgramme of Action; thetrade-related intothe WTO’s work, asappropriate, mainstreaming, export base; supporttoagenciesassistingwiththediversificationofLDCs’productionand appropriate, as providing, technical assistanceandcapacity-buildinginitiativesforLDCs; trade-related market accessforLDCs; focuses onthefollowingissues: February 2002, on 12 and discussedthedevelopmentalaspectsofagricultural negotiationsatthe45 AccordinglyMemberswereinformedabout development intheoutcomeofnegotiations. areas ofresponsibilitytohelpachievetheobjectiveappropriatelyreflectingsustainable different SecretariatDivisionsbeinvitedtobrieftheCommitteeonworkdoneintheir iitra ofrne(TMN0)2.Atits34 Ministerial Conference(WT/MIN(03)/2). Guidelines werehighlightedinthe StatusReportoftheDirector-General totheFifth Stepstaken tofacilitateandaccelerate LDCs’accessions andimplementthe (Job(03)/87). assistance providedbythe WTO toaccedingLDCswas alsoconsideredatthemeeting Apaperonthestate-of-playofLDCs’accessions andtechnical had remainedinactive. and(ii)toactivate asquicklypossibleLDCaccessionswhich negotiations hadadvanced; theaccessionofLDCswhose (i)tocompletebyCancúnorasquicklyfeasible, namely: of theSub-Committeesupportedatwo-track strategy withregardtoLDCaccessions, Members acceding governmentsindicatedthattheGuidelineswereincreasingly beingused. The exchangeofviewsandsharingbestpractices betweenMembersand Committee. Sub-Committee onLeast-DevelopedCountries to theGeneral Council. the Committee’s workone-commercesincetheDohaMinisterialConferencetobeforward theCommitteerequestedSecretariattodraft abrieffactualreportsummarizing Session, Atits45 Session ontheworkCTDhascarriedoutwithrespecttoelectroniccommerce. Session oftheCTD. inventory was beforeMembersatthe47 The international organizationsinordertoassistMembers’consideration oftheissue. draw upaninventoryofdocumentsontheissueincludingworkalreadyundertaken byother 45 whichwas beforethe That document, they wouldcirculateadocumentonthetopic. the market accessnegotiationsatthe46 its 33 the 44 was ontheagendaof trade anddevelopmentofprimarycommodityexportingcountries” WTO Work Programme forLDCs. allofwhichwerechairedby Ambassador JohanMolander(Sweden). meetings in2003, The Sub-Committeeheldfour particular importancetotheleast-developedcountries(LDCs). on Trade andDevelopmentwiththemandateofgivingspecialattentiontoissues LDCs’ accessionscontainedindocument Job(03)/191. Italsotooknoteofanupdateonthestate-of-play accession ofCambodiaandNepal. th The itemrelatingtoparagraph 51oftheDohaMinisterialDeclaration isastandingitem The issueofelectroniccommerceisastandingitemontheagendaCTDinRegular n20,theSub-CommitteeconsidereditemonaccessionofLDCsatits32 In 2003, At the44 h su f“elnn em ftaefrpiaycmoiis anditsimplicationto The issueof “Declining termsoftrade forprimarycommodities, The currentfocusguidingtheworkofSub-Committeeisimplementation ofthe The Sub-CommitteeonLeast-DevelopedCountriesisasubsidiarybodytothe Committee eso,highlightstheproblems posedtoprimarycommodityexportingcountriesbythe Session, rd 52 th Session andits34 Such monitoringwouldincludeexchangeofviewswiththeChairs LDCs’ eso fteCD h eeain fKna Tanzania andUgandaindicatedthat The delegationsofKenya, Session oftheCTD. th Session anitemrelatingtothe “Notification proceduresforregionaltrade th eso.The Sub-Committeeatits32 Session. th 51 Session andtheCommitteerequestedthatSecretariat The agreedbyMembers WTO Work Programme forLDCs, th th eso.Hwvr discussionswerepostponed However, Session. eso,andtheservicesnegotiationsat47 Session, th eso fteCD Membersagreedthat Session oftheCTD, th eso,theSub-Committee welcomedthe Session, th eso.Membershavesince Session. nd Session stressedonthe rd Session oftheSub- th nd Session, Session, th th th 71 WTO activities Committee on Trade and Development WTO activities 72 Committee on Trade and Development 54 53 WT/IFSC/5. of Agency meetingiscontainedindocument WT/IFSC/6/Rev.2/Add.1. andaSummaryisin 2, WT/IFSC/6/Rev. report iscontainedindocument The tinal set outindocument WT/IFSC/3/Rev.1. The communiquéadopted atthe Third Heads The termsofreferencefortheevaluation are for LDCs. notifications forperiodicmonitoringofexistingmeasuresorimprovementsinmarket access the initiativestaken toimprovemarket accessforLDCsandnotedtheimportanceof The Sub-Committeewelcomed andIceland. Japan, These notificationswerebyCanada, back. discussedthreenotificationsforwarded toitbytheCTDfordiscussionandreporting 2003, in theSub-Committee, InlinewiththeLDCmarket accessreportingprocedures, discussed. Tariff andnon-tariffbarriersfacingLDCexportswerealso providing market accessforLDCs. The NotebytheSecretariatsurveyedinitiativesandimprovementsmadein Committee. Chairman. agreed thatfurtherconsultationswithinteresteddelegationswouldbeheldbythe itwas Basedonthecommentsandreservations expressedbysomeMembers, obligations. LDC-III Programme of Action intothe WTO’s rulesanddisciplinesasbindingcontractual The proposalfromtheLDCssoughttotransform thetrade-related elementsofthe LDCs. considered atthe33 2003. andtheresultsofIFHeads Agency MeetingheldinJuly existing beneficiaryLDCs, theimplementationofIFto theextensionofIFtoadditionalLDCs, IF evaluation, Integrated Framework SteeringCommitteemadeastatusreportontheIFwhichcovered Atthe35 Assistance forLDCs(IF). made ontheimplementationofIntegrated Framework for Trade-related Technical Periodic statusreportswerealso the FifthMinisterialConferencewerealsohighlighted. ActivitiesscheduledforLDCsinpreparation for the deliveryoftechnicalassistancetoLDCs. andonthepriorityattachedto Members on WTO training andtechnicalassistanceforLDCs, The Secretariatbriefed related technicalassistanceandcapacity-buildinginitiativesforLDCs. oeenfrsrn 04 nadto,implementation workshopswiththedonorcommunity Inaddition, foreseen forspring2004. CompletionoftheDTISforDjiboutiandMaliis Senegaland Yemen. Malawi, Nepal, Madagascar, Mauritania, Lesotho, Guinea, Ethiopia, Cambodia, Burundi, following countries: DTIShadbeen completedand Validation Workshops heldinthe (DTIS) wereinitiated, various stagesoftheIFprocess. whichareat This addsuptoatotalof31LDCs, Rwanda andSudan. Maldives, , BurkinaFaso, Angola, insixadditionalcountries: asafirststepintheIFprocess, Reviews, the World Bankwas mandatedtoundertake Moreover, Technical and PrincipeZambia). Sao Tome Mozambique(withthe assistanceofUSAID), LaoPDR, Chad, Study (DTIS)(Benin, countries wherethe World Bankhasstartedpreparations fortheDiagnostic Trade Integration and14undertherestructuredIF)toinclude six additional priortoitsrestructuring, IF, andIFcountrieshadstrengthened. donors, initial phaseoftheIntegrated Framework andnotedthatcollaboration amongtheagencies, They welcomed thesubstantialprogressmadein to newmarket accessopportunities. andtotacklesupply-sidechallengesinresponding tonegotiate, capacity toformulatepolicy, They recognizedthatamajoreffort was requiredtoassistLDCsbuildtheir economy. integration ofleast-developedcountriesintothemultilateral trading systemandtheglobal representatives ofthesixagenciesreaffirmedtheircommitmenttoassistineffective The Integrated Framework forLeast-DevelopedCountries areas. that theIFapproachisfundamentallysoundbutfine-tuningneededinanumberof asserted The Evaluation notedthattheIFhadmadegoodprogress, independent evaluators. (Seeseparate box foranintroductiontotheIntegrated Framework). in itsimplementation. satisfactoryprogressisnowbeingmade established in1997andlaterrestructured2000, First Least-Developed Countries(IF)asaviablemodelforLDCs’trade development. market-access issuesforLDCswhichwas consideredatthe34 considered atthe32 was asrelevant tothe WTO’selements oftheLDC-IIIProgramme mandate, of Action, trading system. the specificinitiativesundertaken toenhancetheparticipationofLDCsinmultilateral The documentoutlinedthetrendsinLDCs’trade and WT/COMTD/LDC/W/30 atthemeeting. At the32 The itemonenhancingtheparticipationofLDCsinmultilateral trading systemwas tteedo 03 ofthefirst14 countrieswhereDiagnostic Trade Integration Studies At theendof2003, In 2003theIntegrated Framework was extended from19countries(fiveunderthe “old” The IF’s thirdHeadsof Agency meeting was heldon10July2003. In 2003thesecondmajorevaluation oftheIFtookplaceandwas carriedoutby MinistersendorsedtheIntegrated Framework for In theDohaDevelopment Agenda, theSecretariatpreparedareporton As partofthe WTO Work Programme forLDCs, h tmo antemn,a prpit,it h T’ ok thetrade-related intothe WTO’s work, asappropriate, The itemonmainstreaming, 53 nd ,33 rd and 35 nd rd eso fteSbCmite The Secretariatcirculatedthedocument Session oftheSub-Committee. Session oftheSubCommitteebasedonacommunicationfrom th esoso h u-omte,Membersconsideredtrade- sessions oftheSub-Committee, th eso fteSbCmite theChairmanof Session oftheSub-Committee, th Session oftheSub- 54 The headsand h iecutisudrte“l”I:Bnlds,teGmi,Hii Tanzania and Uganda; Haiti, theGambia, Bangladesh, IF: the fivecountriesunder “old” At theendof2003followingcountries werecoveredbytheIFatvarious stages: through theconsultativegroup/roundtablesPRSPprocesses(WT/IFSC/4). inthetimebetweencompletionofDTISandaccessi priority projectswhicharelistedinacountry’s DTISactionmatrix, quick-deliv while Window IIprovidesbridgingmoneytofundconcrete, WindowIfundsthepreparation oftheDTIS, has two Windows: theIFtrustfund(IFTF)was establishedbyvoluntarycontributionsfrombilateral andmultilat As partoftheifrestructuring, managestheIF Trust Fund. onbehalfofthesixagencies, theUNDP, Finally, IFWG meetings. intheDevelopmentDivisionservicesboth whichhousestheIFSecretariatinitsLDCUnit, The WTO, OECD hasobserverstatus. andBangladeshMauritaniatheLD CanadaandtheEuropeanCommissionrepresenteddonors, in2003, selected onarotatingbasis: chaired bythe WTO andconsistsofrepresentatives oftheagenciesandtworepresentativeseachfromleast-developeddonor includingmonitoringandevaluation offieldresourcesandoversighttheIF Trust overall managementoftheIF, Fu day-to-day, The Itsmeetingsareheldatthe Integrated FrameworkWTO. Working Group(IFWG)isrespons Observers canparticipateintheIFSC. All WTO Members donorsandLDCs. Itisatripartitearrangement withrepresentationfromagencies, transparency intheIFprocess. assessesprogressandensure The IFSteeringCommittee overseestheworkofIFWGandprovidespolicydirection, Group (IFWG). The managementstructureoftheIFconsistsIntegrated Framework SteeringCommittee(IFSC)andtheIntegrated Framework can expressaninterestinsupportingpartsofthe Action Matrix. inwhichdevel priortothislaststep, Implementation Workshop isheldwiththecountry’s donorcommunityatthenationallevel, suchasthe Oftenan World BankConsultativeGroupmeetings(CG)orUNDPRound Tables. needs arefedintodonors’financingfora, andtheprioritytechnic suchasthePRSP, trade policyprioritiesareincorporated intothecountry’s NationalDevelopmentPlan, spells outasetofpolicyrecommendationsandprioritytechnicalassistanceneedstoovercometheconstraints identifiedinth The atanationalvalidation workshop. theprivate sectorandthecivilsocietyacademia, government Ministersandofficials, inconsultationwithallnationalinterestedpartnerss an Action Matrixisdeveloped, basedonthefindingsofstudy, Second, competitiveness oftheeconomyandidentifiesimpedimentstoeffectiveintegration intothemultilateral trading systemandthe thepreparation The ofaDiagnostic DT Trade Integration Study(DTIS). First, implementationincludesthreebroadsteps. In theIF, andcoordinationintheprocesstointegrate trade intonationaldevelopmentplans. partnership, theIFseekstoensurecountry instruments asthePoverty ReductionStrategy Papers (PRSPs)orothernationaldevelopmentplans, Principally as providedbyeachofthecoreagenciesintheirrespectivefieldscompetenceandotherdevelopmentpartners. and(ii)assistinthecoordinationdeliveryoftrade-r includingcomponentsaimedatreducingpovertyinthecountry; plans, Itaimsto(i)incorporate trade policy intotheheartofLDCsnationa development policytobeimplementedineachcountry. trade relatedassistanceneedsofeach countryareincludedinthedialoguebetweengovernmentsandtheirdevelopmentpartners to usingexisting channels, The restructuredIFisaprocess, The IFwas restructuredafteritsfirstmandatedevaluation in2000. Development organizedby WTO inrecognitionofthesupply-sideconstraints facingLDCs. integrated approachwas launchedinOctober1997attheHighLevelMeetingonIntegrated Initiatives forLeast-DevelopedCountr the WTO combinetheireffortswiththoseofleast-developedcountriesanddonorstorespondthetrade developmentneedsofL Wor UNDP, UNCTAD, ITC, ItisaninternationalinitiativethroughwhichtheIMF, issues intooverall nationaldevelopment strategies. The Integrated Framework (IF)isaprocessthatwas establishedtosupportLDCgovernmentsintrade capacitybuildingandinteg Background ontheIntegrated Framework Box II.1: ehia eiw en netkn noa ukn ao h aba advs wna Sudan. Rwanda, Maldives, The Gambia, BurkinaFaso, Angola, Technical Reviewsbeingundertaken: Mozambiqueand Zambia; Sao - Tome andPrincipe, LaoPDR, Chad, aswell Benin, Yemen, preparations startedforDTIS: Senegal, Nepal, - Mauritania, Mali, Malawi, Madagascar, Lesotho, Guinea, , Ethiopia, Djibouti, Cambodia, Burundi, - donor workshoptocreategreaterawareness amongthedonorcommunityofIF. the GovernmentoftheNetherlandsorganizedanIF InMarch, outcomes oftheIFcountries. processes andintended IFWG producedanIFbrochurewhichexplainstheobjectives, the andintimefortheCancúnMinisterialConference, Inaddition, participating Agencies. (www.integratedframework.org) whichismanagedbythe World Bankonbehalfofthe ItcreatedanewIF Website awareness oftheIntegrated Framework. million) and Window II(US$8.0million). CumulativePledgeshavebeenmadetobothIFTF Window I(US$13.1 to US$21.1million. totalpledges totheIF Trust Fundamount Asof31January 2004, donors’ attentiontotheIF. Denmark organizedaspecialHigh-LevelMeetingon Trade andDevelopmenttoattract theGovernmentof InMay, proposals forfundingoutof Window IIandpledgingbydonors. were clarifiedandmadeoperational whichhasledtothesubmissionofanumberproject In2003thetermsofreferencefor Window II concrete projectswithinaspecifictime-frame. WindowIforthepreparation oftheDTISand Window IIforthefundingofsmall Windows: partners. preparatory workwas initiatedin Tanzania withtheassistanceofsomedevelopment 2003, In allbutBangladeshrequestedthattherestructuredIFbeextendedtothem. countries, Ofthesefive Tanzania andUganda. Haiti, theGambia, continued in2003Bangladesh, activities totheIFRound Table MeetingsheldundertheIFpriortoitsrestructuring implementationoffollow-up Inaddition, taken apauseintheimplementationofIF. Eritreahas Senegaland Yemen. Nepal, Madagascar, Mauritania, were heldinCambodia, n20,theIntegrated Framework Working Groupsteppedupitseffortstocreate In 2003, The consistingoftwo restructuredIntegrated Framework hasitsownIF Trust Fund, rldnr.thefund eral donors. td.Lsl,the Lastly, e study. ng offunding ensurethatthe al assistance elated assistance globaleconomy. l development throughsuch uch as d The IFWGis nd. IS assessesthe Action Matrix opment partners rating trade ownership, countries, C.This DCs. ld Bankand on theoverall ies’ Trade IFSC and and Working ible forthe s total erable s The Cs. 73 WTO activities Committee on Trade and Development WTO activities 74 Plurilateral Agreements V Plurilateral Agreements XV. Financeand Administration CommitteeonBudget, XIV. Committeeon Trade andEnvironment XIII. Agreement onGovernmentProcurement Major areasofactivity national currencies. statisticalreports andnotificationsofthresholdfiguresin the Appendices tothe Agreement, access-related partsofthetext the Agreement byspring2004. Committee agreedonatargetdate forprovisionallyfinalizingthereviewofnon-market the in August 2003, Significantprogressontherevisionoftextwas madeand, Parties. the expansionofmembership Agreement bymakingitmoreaccessible tonon- Anobjectiveofthenegotiationsis measures andpractices whichdistortopenprocurement. and eliminationofdiscriminatory expansionofthecoverage ofthe Agreement; technology; adaptationtoadvances intheareaofinformation whereappropriate, including, Agreement, simplificationandimprovementofthe These coverthefollowingelements: Agreement. the Agreement. Moldova, Lithuania, Chinese Taipei Latvia, andSloveniaareinvarious stagesofnegotiatingtheiraccessionto Panama, theKyrgyz Republic, Jordan, Georgia, Estonia, Bulgaria, Albania, andtheUnitedStates. Switzerland; Singapore; theKingdomof Norway; Liechtenstein; Netherlands withrespectto Aruba; theRepublicofKorea; Japan; Israel; Iceland; China; Kong, Hong theEuropeanCommunitiesandtheir memberStates; Canada; Procurement of1994: WT/BFA/68. countries intheMinisterialConferenceatCancún. and(ii)the Trust Fundtofacilitate theparticipationofleast-developed Trust Fund(DDAGTF), (i)situationofcontributionsfortheDohaDevelopment Agenda Global various meetings: August2003. adopted themon26 which budgeting cycleandmaderecommendationstothiseffecttheGeneral Council, Director-General. proposed donationfromafoundationwas examinedbytheCommitteeandaccepted A governmental donorstostreamlinetheprocessofacceptingthesevoluntarycontributions. in July2003. whichadoptedit term temporary staffandmadearecommendationtotheGeneral Council, The Committeealsoexaminedtheissueofconditionsservicelong- General Council. Committee furtherexaminedothersalaryadjustmentsandmadearecommendationtothe The whichadoptedthemon15May2003. recommendations totheGeneral Council, theCommitteeexaminedproposedsalarymethodologyandmade methodology, other issues. personnel managementandheardprogressreportsonthe WTO Pension Planaswell Itconsideredelementsrelatedto budget andadvance tothe Working CapitalFund. ItformulatedrecommendationstotheGeneral Councilonassessmenttothe Organization. continuedtomonitorthefinancialandbudgetarysituationof Administration (BFA), Other mattersconsideredbytheCommittee duringtheperiodhavebeenmodificationsto theCommitteepursueditsnegotiationsunder Article XXIV:7 ofthe During 2003, The following WTO MembersareParties totheplurilateral Agreement onGovernment WT/BFA/67 and WT/BFA/65, Reports ofthemeetingscanbefoundin WT/BFA/64, The Committeealsodiscussedand/orwas informedaboutthefollowingpointsin The Committeeundertookanexaminationonthepossibilityofmovingtoa biennial The Committeebeganthereviewofguidelinesonvoluntaryconditions fromNon- Further tothedecisionbyGeneral Councilof13December2002onsalary Financeand theCommitteeonBudget, aspartofitson-goingresponsibilities, In 2003, See sectionIontheDohaDevelopment Agenda inPart IaboveforCTEactivitiesin2003. .Cooperation withotherinternationalorganizations andrelations withcivilsociety I. II PART Relations withnon-governmentalorganizations/civil society Agreement on Trade inCivil Aircraft members oftheEuropeanCommunities. Article9relatingtothepossibleaccession Agreement offuture “other business”: The followingitemwas raised under mechanism forcommunicationamongSignatories. includingabetter identify factorsthatcouldfacilitatetheeffectivenessof Article 4, Itwas proposedthattheCommittee withregardtoinducements. operation of Article 4, aircraft basedoninitialcertificationandmattersconcerningimproved “military” vs. “civil” includingarevisedproposalbyoneSignatoryconcerningthedefinitionof administration, h T rmwr.The Committeealsodiscussed, the WTO framework. itremainsoutside althoughthe Agreement ispartofthe WTO Thus, Agreement, April 1999. Rectifying the Agreement on Trade inCivil Aircraft thatwas proposedbytheChairpersonin SignatorieshoweverremainedunabletoadopttheDraft Protocol(1999) framework. inconsistent withitsprovisions. requiring orencouraging sub-nationalentitiesornon-governmentalbodiestotake actions andprohibitssignatoriesfrom civilaircraft programmes, orsupportfor, participation in, The Agreement regulatessignatories’ basis ofcommercialandtechnicalfactorsonly. provides thatpurchasersofcivilaircraft productsshouldbefreetoselectsuppliersonthe and purchaserstoprocurecivilaircraft fromaparticularsource, exerting pressureon, or The Agreement prohibitssignatoriesfromrequiring, end-use customsadministration. andrequirestheadoptionoradaptationof bindsthematzerolevel, products andrepairs, asaretheIMFandUNCTAD.Russian Federation andSaudi Arabia arealsoobservers, Tunisia Trinidad Poland; and and TheTurkey. Tobago; SriLanka; Oman; theSlovak Republic; Nigeria; Singapore; Mauritius; theRepublicofKorea; Israel; Ghana; Indonesia; Gabon; India; Finland; Hungary; theCzechRepublic; Colombia; China; Cameroon; Brazil; Bangladesh; Australia; Argentina; Those WTOStates. MemberswithobserverstatusintheCommitteeare: theUnitedKingdomand Chinese Taipei; Portugal; Switzerland; Norway; Sweden; Netherlands; Spain; Malta; Romania; China; Macao, Luxembourg; Italy; Lithuania; Ireland; Latvia; Greece; Japan; Germany; Georgia; France; theEuropeanCommunities; Estonia; Egypt; meetings wheresubjectsofinterest tocivilsocietyarediscussed. WTO Secretariat officialsparticipateasoftenpossibleinmajor representatives fromNGOs. over theworldand WTO’s Director-General and Secretariatstaffregularlymeet Secretariat receivesalargeandincreasing numberofmeetingrequestsfromNGOsall The WTOCommittees arealsoorganizedregularly forGeneva-based representatives. Briefingsonmeetingsof WTO Councilsand participate inissue-specificsymposia. theyalsoattend WTOWTO Secretariatand MinisterialConferencesand WTO Members, activities”. “recognize theroleNGOscanplaytoincreaseawareness ofthepublicinrespect WTO The guidelines of guidelines(WT/L/162)adoptedbytheGeneral Council inJuly1996. V:2 oftheMarrakesh Agreement establishingthe WTO andwerefurtherelaborated inaset RelationswithNon-GovernmentalOrganizations(NGOs)arespecifiedin Article negotiations. exchanges focusingonspecificaspectsrelatedtotheDohaDevelopment Agenda and n20,theCommitteeagainrevertedtostatusof Agreement inthe WTO In 2003, The Agreement eliminatesallcustomsdutiesandotherchargesonimportsofcivilaircraft Denmark; Canada; Belgium; Bulgaria; Austria; There are30Signatoriestothe Agreement: This Agreement enteredintoforceon1January 1980. While membersofcivilsocietyandNGOrepresentativesareindaily contactwiththe The WTO’s relationswithcivilsocietycontinuedtoevolvenumerous activitiesand inter alia inter edue customs “end-use” , 75 WTO activities Cooperation with other international organizations and relations with civil society WTO activities Cooperation with other international organizations 76 and relations with civil society for May2004. Anothersymposiumisplanned twenty-two differentworksessionstookplace. Duringtheevent, animalwelfareandservices. bio-safety, cotton, eco-labeling, gender, NGO-organized events focusedonnewissuesinthetrading system, issues discussed. trade andtheenvironmentagriculture wereamongthe Development opportunities, sessions organizedbyNGOsandParliamentarians ontopics oftheirchoice. thesymposiumfeatured WTO-organized worksessionsandalso on theRoadtoCancún”, Entitled “Challenges ahead symposium withsome700participantswas heldatthe WTO. In2003athree-day where possiblesolutionscanalsobeidentifiedanddiscussed. but society canhaveopenandconstructivedialoguesonissueswheredifferencesexist, The foursymposiaheld untilnowhaveshownthatgovernmentsandcivil representatives. academicsandothercivilsociety opportunities toengagewithgovernmentofficials, Symposia representatives in WTO’s eightyearhistory. theFifthMinisterialConferencesawhighestnumberofcivilsociety attending, Withjustunder800NGOsandalmost1,600oftheirrepresentatives held untilnow. be foundonthe WTO website. Informationontheseprocedurescan “concerned withmattersrelatedtothoseofthe WTO”. NGOs have todemonstrate thattheiractivitiesare i.e. Secretariat onthebasisof Article V:2, Sessions oftheConferenceand(ii)NGOapplicationstoregisterareacceptedby WTO (i)NGOsareallowedtoattendthePlenary procedures decidedbytheGeneral Council: Ministerial Conferences Cooperation with otherinternationalorganizations [email protected]. Subscriptionrequestsshouldbesentbye-mailtothefollowingaddress: to WTO information. furtherfacilitatingaccess bulletin forNGOshasbeenreplacedbyabi-weekly WTO Update, themonthlyelectronicnews Since2003, circulated fortheinformationof WTO Members. Ministerial Conference. thebriefingswere primarilybasedonthepreparations forthe In2003, on itswebsite. number ofNGObriefingsonmajor WTO meetingsandbeganlistingthebriefingschedules In2002the WTOresearch andanalysisdirectlyto Secretariatincreasedthe WTO Members. NGOsarenowinvitedtothe WTO toinformallypresent theirrecentpolicy Among others, new activitiesinvolvingNGOswereproposedandagreedtoby WTO Members(WT/INF/30). several Intherun-uptoDohaMinisterialConferencein2001, dialogue withcivilsociety. onre n es-eeoe onre.UNCTAD isamajorpartnerin theIntegrated countries andleast-developedcountries. joint workconcernscapacitybuilding andprovidingtechnicalassistancetodeveloping the UnitedNationsConferenceon Amajorfocusof Trade andDevelopment(UNCTAD). with otherinternationalandregional bodies. withtheBretton Woods institutionsand with theUnitedNationsandmany ofitsagencies, The WTOespecially thoseinvolvedwithtrade-related subjects. cooperates andcoordinates acn20 6 9 1578 370 362 approx 1,500 235 795 370 686 128 108 961 651 776 153 159 ofparticipants No. NGOswhoattended Cancún 2003 ofeligibleNGOs Doha 2001 No. Seattle 1999 Geneva 1998 Singapore 1996 Ministerial NGO attendanceatministerialconferences Table II.8 ic 99 WTO’s annualpublicsymposiumhasprovidedcivilsocietywith Since 1999, The tablebelowgivesthenumbersforfive WTO MinisterialConferencesthatwere NGO attendanceat WTO MinisterialConferencesisbasedonabasicsetofregistration A monthlylistofNGOpositionpapersreceivedbytheSecretariatiscompiledand the WTO Secretariathas enhancedits Since theadoptionof1996guidelines, nisefrst ute h eeomn ieso ftae the WTO worksclosely with In itseffortstofurtherthedevelopment dimensionoftrade, The WTO workscloselywithother internationalintergovernmentalorganizationsand Framework for Trade-Related Technical Assistance to Least-Developed Countries (IF) and also the Joint Integrated Technical Assistance Programme (JITAP). As well, many inter- regional meetings and training activities are organized to assist developing country representatives learn more about WTO trade issues and negotiations. Such activities are sponsored either by WTO or UNCTAD, or both, and involve staff from both organizations. Other international intergovernmental organizations that cooperate with the WTO on the development dimension, particularly the IF and JITAP, include the United Nations Development Programme, International Trade Centre, International Monetary Fund and World Bank. The WTO remains a key player in various activities organized by the United Nations, its agencies, and other international intergovernmental organizations. The Director-General attends regularly meetings of the UN Chief Executives Board (CEB); WTO Secretariat officials also participate in the Board’s subsidiary bodies. As well, the WTO Secretariat is represented on a high-level United Nations coordination committee monitoring progress towards achieving the United Nations’ Millennium Goals. WTO also participates in follow-up mechanisms relating to the International Conference on Financing for Development and the World Summit on Sustainable Development. As many as 76 international intergovernmental organizations had observer status in the WTO’s 5th Ministerial Conference in Cancún, Mexico, and many have observer status in one or more bodies. Outreach activities for parliamentarians and civil society

In 2003, WTO completed a programme of outreach activities for parliamentarians and civil society. Activities included regional workshops for parliamentarians in the Africa, Caribbean and Latin America regions, and national workshops in Namibia and Moldova and St. Lucia. There was also a regional workshop for civil society representatives held in Cape Town. In all outreach activities, the objectives were essentially similar: to foster greater public understanding of and interest in the WTO; to inform parliamentarians/civil society representatives on the operations of the multilateral trading system and key issues on the international trade agenda, and to encourage and exchange views on trade-related and development-related issues. One positive effect of these activities has been the establishment of close working relations with a number of parliamentary and civil society organizations that served as co-organizers and/or participated in some of the workshops. A detailed report on the regional workshops for parliamentarians held in Cape Town in May 2003 and Trinidad and Tobago in July 2003 can be found on the WTO website. Further outreach activities are being undertaken in 2004. activities WTO with other international organizations Cooperation with civil society and relations Cooperation with the IMF and the World Bank (Coherence)

The WTO’s cooperation with the IMF and the World Bank is based on the Marrakesh “Declaration on the Contribution of the WTO to Achieving Coherence in Global Economic Policy-Making” and on the WTO’s formal cooperation agreements with the IMF and the World Bank. Cooperation at the staff level extends to many areas of the WTO, including on research topics, exchange of statistical data and trade policy information and technical assistance and training. More detailed information is available in the Director-General’s Annual Report on Coherence. The General Council held its first formal meeting on Coherence on 13 May 2003, with the participation of the Managing Director of the IMF and the President of the World Bank. The main theme of the meeting was establishing long-term coherence between governments’ trade, finance and development policies, at the domestic level and at the multilateral level, with support from the three organizations in providing high quality policy analysis, technical assistance and capacity building, and adjustment assistance. Among the issues that Members felt warranted attention in this context were the erosion of preference margins as a result of multilateral liberalization, the fiscal effects of tariff liberalization, the timing and sequencing of reforms to trade and other economic policies, and improving the availability and affordability of trade financing, particularly in periods of financial instability and crisis. Opportunities for consultations at the heads-of-agency level arose at the General Council meeting on Coherence in May, at meetings of the International Monetary and Finance Committee (IMFC) and the Development Committee, at ECOSOC and other intergovernmental meetings. Attention in these consultations focused on actions that could be taken to help advance the Doha trade negotiations and work programme, including mobilizing the active support of Finance and Development Ministers. One result of these consultations was initiatives by Messrs Köhler and Wolfensohn to offer enhanced technical and financial support for implementation of the results of the Doha Round. Their initiatives

77 WTO activities Cooperation with other international organizations 78 and relations with civil society UNCTAD United Nations Conference Conference Nations United Commission Nations UNCTAD United CSD Programmes Nations United Joint UNAIDS Organization Agriculture & ITU Food Codex Joint FAO FAO/WHO Plant International Codex FAO International on Diversity IPPC Convention Biological on Convention Nations CITES United CBD UN UN bodiesandspecializedagencies: Note) Explanatory (See International intergovernmental organizations –ObserverStatusinthe WTO Table II.9(A) ECA United Nations Nations United Development ECA Nations United UNDP 1 Protocol on Substances Substances on Protocol Montreal Telecommunication International Alimentarius Commission Alimentarius on Trade & Development Development & Trade on Development Sustainable for HIV/AIDS on Nations United the of Convention Protection Species Endangered in Trade Economic Commission for Africa for Commission Economic Programme that Deplete the Ozone Layer Ozone the Deplete that Union X XXXXX X XXXXXXX XX XXX X XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX PXXPX as at30January 2003 International intergovernmental organizations –Observerstatusinthe WTO, Table II.9 loss oftariffrevenueandotherfactors. the impose temporary costsonsomemembercountriesasaresultofpreferenceerosion, were taken inlightoftheviewthatadjustingtoamoreliberal trade environmentmay GC provided inthelastthreecolumns. CouncilofRepresentatives(GATT CNCL)andCommitteeon Trade andDevelopment(GATT CPS), CTD)is (GATT information concerningtheobserverstatusoflistedorganizationsinGATT CONTRACTING PARTIES Additional Customs Valuation (VAL). Technical Trade-Related Barriersto Trade InvestmentMeasures(TRIMS); (TBT); RulesofOrigin(RO); ImportLicensing(LIC); Market Access (MA); Trade andEnvironment(CTE); Development (CTD); Regional Trade Trade Balance-of-PaymentsAgreements (CRTA); and Restrictions(BOPS); Phytosanitary Measures(SPS); Sanitaryand Agriculture(AG); Safeguards(SG); SubsidiesandCountervailing Measures(SCM); Practices (ADP); theCommitteeson Anti-Dumping Councilfor TRIPS (TRIPS); Councilfor TradeTrade in Services(CTS); inGoods(CTG); Councilfor Trade Policy ReviewBody(TPRB); theGeneral Council(GC); respectively, The bodieslistedinthistableare, Table II.9(A):ExplanatoryNote indicatesthatconsideration oftherequestforobserverstatusispending. a “P” status; indicatesobserver An “X” International intergovernmentalorganizationswithuniversalrepresentationareinitalics. andarenot listedinthistable. WTO (WT/L/195), The IMFand World Bankhaveobserverstatusin WTO bodiesasprovidedforintheirrespective Agreements withthe The ITCisthereforenot listed inthistable. item1). those WTO bodiesitwishestoattend(WT/GC/M/25, formally submitarequestforobserverstatusinthe WTO bodiesandisinvitedasappropriate toattendmeetingsof The International isnotrequiredto asajointsubsidiaryorganofthe TradeWTO CentreUNCTAD/WTO, andUNCTAD, and Accession Working Parties.which hasnointernationalintergovernmentalorganizationobservers, Alsonotlistedarethe Textiles MonitoringBody, thereforethese bodiesarenotlistedinthetable. Settlement Body, observer statusfromorganizationsshallnotbeconsideredformeetingsoftheBudgetCommitteeorDispute Annex3)providethatrequestsfor The guidelinesonobserverstatusforinternationalorganizations(WT/L/161, TPRB CTG CTS PPPXP 2 TRIPS ADP SCM SG AG

XX X SPS BOPS

XXXXXX X XXXX CRTA

XXX X CTD X X P CTE MA LIC RO TBT TRIMs VAL XXX XXX GATT CPS GATT CNCL GATT CTD UArcnUinPPP P P AfricanUnion AU AfricanRegionalIndustrial ARIPO AfricanIntellectual OAPI C fia,Caribbean&Pacific Group African, ACP Other organizations: AIO aiba omnt ertra X X X X X X Commodities for Fund Common CFC Economic Central African P CAEMC P Poids P des CaribbeanCommunity Secretariat International P CARICOM Bureau P P BIPM AsianandPacific Coconut Arab Trade FinancingProgram APCC Arab MonetaryFund ATFP AMF Property Intellectual World Organization Health World WIPO Nations WHO United Industrial WFP Nations United UNIDO Nations United Environment Nations UNFCCC United UNEP Educational, Nations United UNESCO Nations United ESCAP Nations United Nations ECLAC United ECE Note) Explanatory (See International intergovernmental organizations –ObserverStatusinthe WTO Table II.9(A) M rbMgrbUinPPPP P P P Arab MaghrebUnion AMU Arab AuthorityAgricultural AAAID CMA/WCA CommonMarket forEastern COMESA NENCmuiyXXXX X X X ANDEAN Community Conference ofMinisters Agriculture omnelhSceaitXXX X X Commonwealth Secretariat rpryOgnzto P P Property Organization Property Organization fWs n eta fiaP of West andCentral Africa Change Climate of fSae P P P of States oeayCmuiyXXX X X P P & MonetaryCommunity Community netetadDvlpetP Investment andDevelopment n otenArc P P P P P P P P P P P P and Southern Africa Economic Commission for Europe for Commission Economic et Mesures et Organization Programme Food World Organization Development Conventio Framework Organization Cultural and Scientific Commission Social & Economic Latin for Commission Economic Programme (continued) for Asia & the Pacific the & Asia for Caribbean the & America n XX P PXXPP GC TPRB XXX X X P PPX CTG P 56 CTS TRIPS

777 ADP SCM SG X P AG XPX 3 SPS

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X GATT CPS GATT CNCL GATT CTD 79 WTO activities Cooperation with other international organizations and relations with civil society WTO activities Cooperation with other international organizations 80 and relations with civil society EALtnAeia cnmcSse P P P P P Latin American EconomicSystem SELA ISO International Organization International Organization Health ISO Animal for International Organization World OILM OIE InternationalElectrotechnical IEC InternationalCommissionforthe P Aviation Civil ICCAT International ICAO Inter-Arab InvestmentGuarantee IAIGC P P P X P Free Trade European Association EFTA EuropeanBankforReconstruction P EconomicCooperation Organization EBRD ECO EconomicCommunityof Western ECOWAS Cooperation Councilforthe Arab GCC Note) Explanatory (See International intergovernmental organizations –ObserverStatusinthe WTO Table II.9(A) ALADI Latin American Integration LatinAmerican ALADI ABItrAeia eeomn akPPPXXXP X X X P P P Inter-American Institute Inter-American DevelopmentBank IICA IADB GulfOrganization GOIC TOInternationalTropical Timber ITTO InternationalTextilesand ITCB InternationalPlant IPGRI D sai eeomn akPPPP P P P P IslamicDevelopmentBank IDB InternationalVine Institute InternationalVaccine OIV IVI InternationalUnionforthe UPOV A raiaino mrcnSae X X X X P X P X P P P P P P P OrganizationforEconomic P Organizationof American States OECD OAS OrganisationInternationale Leagueof Arab States OIF LAS G nentoa risCuclPXXX X X P InternationalGrains Council IGC osraino tatcTn X X X X X X P Commission X of AtlanticTuna Conservation P X Cooperation P P P X P P P & Development P P African States States oftheGulf Association o nutilCnutn P P P P P P P P P P P P for Cooperation on Agriculture for IndustrialConsulting ltigBra X X X X P P Organization Clothing Bureau Genetic ResourcesInstitute n ieOfc P P P X P Office and Wine of Plants Protection ofNew Varieties el rnohneP P X X X Cooperation &Development de laFrancophonie Organization for Standardization for Metrology Legal of (continued)

GC TPRB CTG 5 10 CTS

X TRIPS

11 11 11 11 ADP SCM SG

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P CTE MA LIC RO X 8 8 8 TBT P P TRIMs

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X GATT CTD organizations intheWTO. matters ofcommoninteresttobothorganizationswillbeunderdiscussion. (excluding theCommitteeonBudget,FinanceandAdministration,DisputeSettlementBody,AppellateBody under theWHO,includingthoseatregionallevel,exceptwhenmeetingsarelimitedtoMembergovernmentsonly. IC SecretariatoftheCentral American SIECA 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 Organization Tourism World Organization Customs 1 World WTO WCO Union Postal Universal UPU Development SouthernAfrican SADC Fisheries SoutheastAsian SEAFDEC OrganizationoftheIslamic OIC WAEMU Western African Economic Western African WAEMU (See Explanatory Note) Explanatory (See International intergovernmental organizations –ObserverStatusinthe WTO Table II.9(A) IS RegionalInternationalOrganization OIRSA OrganizationofthePetroleum OPEC The ITUSecretariatshall[also]beinvitedasanobservertomeetingsofrelevantWTObodiesotherthantheCouncilforTrade The Councilagreedtogrant The Councilagreedtogrant Requested andgrantedobserverstatusfortheTRIPS18-22June200119-20SeptembermeetingswhendiscussingIPac The Committeeagreedtogrant The Committeeagreedtogrant The Committeeagreedtogrant The Committeeagreedtogrant The Committeeagreedtogrant The CouncilhadagreedtograntobserverstatustheOECDforitsSpecialSessionsonTelecommunicationsServices25June The Committeeagreedtogrant ot etePPPPP P P P P South Centre aii sad ou P P Pacific IslandsForum for PlantProtectionand Animal Health cnmcItgainPPPPXXXX X X X P P P P Economic Integration omnt X P P P Community Development Centre Conference oeayUinPP P & MonetaryUnion xotn onre P P Exporting Countries (continued) ad hoc ad hoc ad hoc ad hoc ad hoc ad hoc ad hoc ad hoc observer statusontheunderstandingthatWTOwouldbegivenreciprocalopportunitiestoobservemeetingsofallfunctional observer status. observer status. observer statuspendingfurtherdecisions. observer statuspendingtheoutcomeofhorizontalprocess. observer statuspendingfinalagreementontheapplicationofguidelinesforinternationalintergovernm observer statusonameeting-by-meetingbasis. observer statuswithaccesstorestricteddocumentssubjectobjectionsuchbyaMemberinparticularcases. PP P PPPPP X X XX XXX PXX GC TPRB CTG P 5 CTS TRIPS ADP SCM SG AG

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in ServicesandtheMinisterialConference CTE P 1999.

Panels) wherethatbodyconsiders MA

cess tomedicinesonly. LIC RO TBT TRIMs VAL GATT CPS bodies ental GATT CNCL GATT CTD 81 WTO activities Cooperation with other international organizations and relations with civil society WTO activities Cooperation with other international organizations 82 and relations with civil society EALtnAeia cnmcSse P Latin American EconomicSystem InternationalAssociation SELA GulfOrganizationforIndustrial IAIS AfricanUnion GOIC Caribbean&Pacific African, AU ACP Other Organizations: I raiaino h sai ofrnePPP P P OrganizationoftheIslamicConference OIC CA UnitedNationsEconomicCommission ECLAC A raiaino mrcnSae P Union 4 Postal Universal 3 2 1 UPU OrganizationforEconomicCooperation Organizationof American States OECD OAS Intellectual World Industrial Nations United WIPO UNIDO Conference Nations United Commission UNCTAD Nations United Agricultural and Food Nations UNCITRAL United FAO UN UN bodiesandspecializedagencies: Note) Explanatory (See International intergovernmental organizations –ObserverStatusinCertainotherBodies Table II.9(B) The UNCITRAL,listedbelow, represents theUN. The Working Group hadagreed togrant The Working Group hadagreed togrant The Working Group agreed togrant nryCatrCneec P Energy CharterConference South Centre fIsrneSpriosPP X P of Insurance Supervisors X Consulting Group ofStates for Latin America &theCaribbean n eeomn P X X X X and Development Property Organization Property Organization Development Development and Trade on Law Trade International on Organization ad hoc ad hoc ad hoc observer status. observer statusforitsmeetingsof27-28November1997and11-13March 1998only. observer statusforitsmeetingsof3-4November1997and19-20February1998only. Financial services and Transferof Technology. Trade DebtandFinance; theInteraction between Trade, Tradebetween Trade andCompetition Policy; andInvestment; theRelationship aswellinthe Working Groupson Transparency inGovernmentProcurement; Domestic Regulation, andthe Working Parties onGATS Rulesand the CommitteesonFinancialServicesandSpecificCommitments, namely This tableprovidesinformationonobserverstatusinthefourbodiesunderCouncilfor Trade inServices, Table II.9(B):ExplanatoryNote XXXXXXXX X X X X X X XX X X XX GATS rules Regulation Domestic commitments P Specific X 1 on Transparency 32 3 Working Group in Government Procurement P P PP PP 2 and Investment Working Group between Trade Relationship on the on theInteraction and Competition between Trade Policy XX 4 P Working Group Debt and on Trade, Working X X X Finance Group Working Group on Tradeand Technology Transfer of X I Publicinformationactivities II. UN bodiesandspecializedagencies: WCO World Customs Organization Customs World 1 WCO Development and Trade on Conference Nations United UNCTAD Note) Explanatory (See International intergovernmental organizations –ObserverStatusinCommitteesunderthePlurilateral Trade Agreements Table II.9(C) EDOgnzto o cnmcCoeainadDvlpetXX P P X P P OrganizationforEconomicCooperation andDevelopment Free Trade European Association Central CommonMarketAmerican InstituteofPublic forEasternandSouthern Administration Africa CaribbeanandPacific GroupofStates OECD African, EFTA COMESA ICAP ACP Other Organizations: The Committeeagreed toinvitetheWCOasanobserverwheneverissuesofHSclassificationandamendmentswere ontheag ne-mrcnDvlpetBn P Inter-American DevelopmentBank Regular contactswithmediaandthepublic Participants intheExpansionof Trade inInformation Technology Products(ITA). theCommitteeon Trade inCivil Committee onGovernmentProcurement(GPA), Aircraft (TCA)andthe Committeeof Information fortheCommitteesunderPlurilateral namelythe Trade Agreements isprovidedinthistable, Table II.9(C):ExplanatoryNote nls,French andSpanish tothepublicand WTO Membersduring2003. English, of 24hours; allmessageswhichrequired ananswerwereaddressedwithinamaximum the year; issues; governmentofficialsandstudentswithaspecificinterestintrade consultants, academics, Thisreceive regularemailbulletinson listiscomprisedlargelyof WTO developments. nearly 2,000journalistswereregisteredandparticipatedindailybriefings bythe WTO; weekly emailbulletinsondevelopmentsatthe WTO; Mostofthemreceived globe whohaveregisteredtouseourinternetMedianewsroom. aswellregularcontactwiththe1,000journalistsaround and photoopportunities, WTO involvingabout5,000participants; including: debate onthe WTO, international NGOs. trans-national corporations and fourth overall among18inter-governmental organizations, eighthonmembercontroland ranking itthirdonaccesstoonlineinformation, transparency, The reportgavehighmarkstothe WTOwere symbolicofthischangeinattitude. for the organization. abouttheroleandworkof andamongjournalists, understanding amongthegeneral public, the focusandtoneofdebateon WTO issuesislargelyduetotheexistenceofabetter This significantshiftin impact offurtherdelaysinreachingagreementontheDoha Agenda. shiftingfromoutright criticismoftheorganizationanditsaimstofocusinsteadon WTO, This hasalteredthetoneofpubliccommenton aftermath oftheCancúnMinisterial. the DohaDevelopment Agenda continuedtomanifestitselfintheleadupand the WTO distributednearly60,000booksand informationbrochuresfreeofchargeIn - therewereover50,000 publicemailenquiriesandcommentsreceivedbythe WTO over - morethan50,000individualshaveself-registeredwithour contactsdatabaseto - where theorganizationofmediaandinformationeventsat CancúnMinisterial, - newsconferences regularcontactwithjournalistsinGeneva through97pressbriefings, - asustainedlevelofcontactswiththepublicthrough145 informationbriefingsatthe - A numberofspecificeffortsin2003contributedtothisnewenvironmentforpublic bytheUKcharityOne World TrustThe resultsofthefirstGlobal Accountability Report, The positivechangeinpublicperceptionsofthe WTO whichcoincidedwiththelaunchof P C ITA TCA GPA XX enda. X 1 83 WTO activities Public information activities WTO activities Annex I – Trade Policy Review Body – Concluding 84 remarks by the Chair of the Trade Policy Review Body Policy ReviewBody Annex I– Trade Policy ReviewBody–Concludingremarks bytheChairof Trade Maldives publications isincludedas Annex IIattheendofthispublication. The fulllistofcurrent WTO French andSpanish. brochures producedduring2003inEnglish, whilemaintainingproductionschedulesforthefulllistof145otherbooksand launched, WTO Publications of the World Trade Reportandabout130,000copiesoftheInternational Trade Statistics. about110,000copies includingover120,000copiesofthe WTO Annual Report, documents, Usersofthesitedownloadedmillionspages WTO publicationsand through thesite). from about170countries)andover270millionhits(indicatingahighlevelofnavigation There were7.5millionvisitstothewebsiteduring2003(about650,000permonth month. The WTO websitewww.wto.org n ogtdtiso h oiycalne ntefseissco,includingthecurrent fish and soughtdetailsonthepolicychallenges inthefisheriessector, vulnerability toexternal shocks. includingsome40%ofthepopulationstillbelowpovertyline and income levels, andbelievedthatany suchgraduation needstoconsiderfactorsotherthan development, that thesuddenwithdrawal ofsuchpreferentialtreatmentupongraduation couldretardits Several MembersagreedwiththeMaldives significant EUtariffpreferencesonfishexports. especiallybythelossof possible implicationsthismayhaveonitseconomicperformance, toimprovetheeconomy’s efficiency. telecommunications monopolyin2008, theintendedabolitionofbasic inparticular, the deregulationofkey services, They encouraged facilitate greaterprivate sectorinvolvementwerewelcomed byMembers. andsugar. flour, rice, importlicensingismainlyautomaticand quotasapplyonlyto tariff barriersarefew; Non- andtoreducethesignificantgapbetweenboundappliedduties. bound levels, Members urgedtheMaldivestoquicklyrectifythosecaseswhereapplied rates exceed Tariffs are themaintrade policyinstrument. transparency needstobeimproved. open, could alsofacilitatefurthertariffreductions. by easingfiscal pressures, suchareform, thereby reducetheheavyrelianceontariffrevenue; considering introducinganefficientdirecttaxsystemtobroadentheinternalbaseand The authoritiesare althoughrecentfiscalpressuresneedtobeaddressed. managed, Members feltthatthemacro-economyhasbeenwell revised trade andinvestmentrules. Members urgedtheMaldivestopasslegislationimplementing WTO Agreements and efforts. stretched administrative capacitiesandencouraged theMaldivestocontinuewiththese Theyefforts tomeetits appreciatedtheheavydemandsthisplacedonits WTO commitments. by2020. clarifications ontheobjectiveofbecominga “regional freetrade hub” the Maldives’ambitiousplansforamorediversifiedexport-orientedeconomyandsought Memberssupported andasmallscatteredpopulation overmanyislands. developments, vulnerability toexternal production baseheavilyreliantontourismandfishing, These includeanarrow asmallisland developingeconomy. challenges facingtheMaldives, This hasbeenachieveddespitetheeconomicanddevelopment income ofoverUS$2,000. since 1980hasliftedtheMaldivestoalowermiddleincomecountrylevelwithpercapita andsteadygrowth Inflationandunemploymentarerelativelylow, general livingstandards. the Maldives’trade policiesandmeasures. delegation contributedtowhatIfeelhasbeenaverysuccessfulcollectiveconsideration of Review byMembersandthediscussanttogetherwithresponsesfromMaldivian The positiveandconstructivecommentsraised duringthis understanding ofitstrade regime. e nulpbiain h ol rd eot was the successfullyproducedand World Trade Report, A newannualpublication, The numberofvisitorstothe WTO websitecontinuestogrowattherate of15-20%per nscoa sus Members notedrecenteffortstoendtheexportmonopoly on tuna On sectoral issues, Members weresympathetictothe LDC graduation isamajorchallengefortheMaldives. Efforts toprivatize andrestructurestate-ownedenterprises toimproveefficiencyand Although MembersfeltthattheMaldives’trade andinvestmentregimesarerelatively and Members werehighlysupportiveoftheMaldives’trade andeconomicpolicies, Members commendedtheMaldivesforitsimpressivegrowthandsuccessinimproving hasenabledMemberstoobtainamuchbetter thefirstReviewofMaldives, This, export licensing scheme. While lease periods for island resorts have been increased, the conditions attached to the new 50-year lease are rather restrictive. Members also sought clarification on several specific issues, including: - tax reforms, including greater reliance on consumption taxes; - foreign investment requirements, including the proposed revised legislation, and investment incentives; - regional trade initiatives, including formation of SAFTA; - benefits of unilateral preferential arrangements; - introduction of WTO-consistent intellectual property legislation; - sanitary and phytosanitary arrangements; - government procurement; - import licensing; - customs valuation and use of minimum prices; - plans to introduce legislation on contingency remedies; and - technical assistance requirements. Members expressed their appreciation of the oral and written responses provided by the Maldivian delegation. They look forward to receiving the written answers to outstanding questions. This concludes our Review of the Maldives. It has highlighted the commitment of the Maldivian authorities to the WTO and their efforts to maintain a relatively open economy, despite developmental challenges. I would encourage the Maldives to continue these efforts, and to focus on domestic policy reforms to address the supply-side constraints that limit the economy’s diversification and compound its vulnerability to external developments. I would also urge that Members play their part by extending greater non-discriminatory market access to the Maldives and providing sufficient well targeted technical assistance for it to fully integrate into the multilateral trading system. El Salvador

This second Trade Policy Review of El Salvador has done much to improve our understanding of its trade and investment policies and of the context within which they are being formulated and applied. We owe this in large measure to the active participation of the Salvadoran delegation led by Minister Lacayo, Vice-Minister Ayala and Ambassador Lima. First of all, I should draw attention to the support which Members have expressed for El Salvador’s current efforts at modernization and their recognition of the progress El

Salvador has made since the end of the civil war some ten years ago. Members praised El activities WTO Annex I Review Body – Concluding Policy Trade – Review Body Policy Trade by the Chair of remarks Salvador for the success of its efforts to restructure and stabilize the economy, especially the autonomous, regional and multilateral initiatives aimed at liberalizing trade and investment. Economic growth has been steady, though modest, partly as a result of natural disasters, and the alleviation of poverty continues to be a serious problem. Members suggested that to achieve higher growth rates it was necessary to redouble efforts to promote investment. The adoption of the US dollar as legal tender was considered to be a step in this direction. Salvadorans living abroad could perhaps give a further boost to investment through their remittances. Salvador was encouraged to diversify its export base, in terms of markets as well as products, in order to achieve closer and more balanced integration in the world economy. Members noted that at present exports consist of just a few products, mainly clothing, from the EPZs. On the other hand, traditional agricultural exports have lost ground and it was considered important to reverse this trend. Members praised El Salvador for its trade regime, which was generally open; for the measures adopted to comply with the obligations assumed as a result of its joining the WTO; and for its active participation in the multilateral trading system. Members noted El Salvador’s steadily increasing participation in preferential trade agreements and expressed the hope that those agreements would supplement the multilateral liberalization process. They expressed concern about El Salvador’s administrative capacity to participate effectively in several different regional initiatives at the same time. El Salvador was praised for its trade facilitation initiatives and for applying the WTO Customs Valuation Agreement. Some Members requested clarification with regard to certain aspects of the customs administration and the use of minimum values and reference prices. In the interests of greater transparency, El Salvador was invited to send the WTO additional notifications on the granting of import licences. Members congratulated El Salvador on the low level of its tariffs and on the full binding commitments it had made. However, El Salvador was encouraged to reduce tariff rates and tariff escalation and improve predictability by eliminating the disparity between applied and bound tariffs within the context of the Doha Development Agenda. Comments were made

85 WTO activities Annex I – Trade Policy Review Body – Concluding 86 remarks by the Chair of the Trade Policy Review Body Salvador mightaccedetothePlurilateral Agreement onGovernmentProcurement. OneMembersuggestedthatEl procurement andrequestedfurtherdetailsofthisregime. Members welcomedElSalvador’s adoptionofanewlawonpublicadministration Nevertheless, and aboutthecompulsoryapplicationofrulesongovernmentprocurement. principles. withWTO quotas” concerning theadministration oftariffquotasandtheconsistency “under-supply Canada tnad hc lSlao sseigad tsest e will undoubtedlyachieve. itseemstome, Salvador isseekingand, standards whichEl additional internalreformsnecessarytoobtaintheimprovementsingrowthrates andliving of theDohaDevelopment Agenda couldprovideasounderfoundationonwhichtobasethe The strengtheningofthemultilateral trading systemwithintheframeworkstrategy multilaterally. ElSalvador stillhasmuchtogainbyapplyingthis asasmalleconomy, convinced that, Iam declared beliefthatmarket liberalization isfundamentaltoitsdevelopmentstrategy. Iamparticularlyencouraged byElSalvador’s starting fromparticularlydifficultbeginnings. much progressinbuildinganefficientmarket economyinarelativelyshortperiodoftime, Members clearlyappreciatedthem. The repliesprovidedmadeaconsiderable contributiontothereviewand during thereview. necessarily improvethepredictabilityofitstrade andinvestmentregime. Salvador’s multilateral commitmentsduringtheservicesnegotiationsinprogresswould The extensionofEl was notreflectedinthecommitmentsassumedunderGATS. thecurrentopennessofsector partlyduetothis, Itwas notedthat, electricity industry. aswellinthe particular intheareasoffinancialservicesandtelecommunications, rules oncethetransition periodgranted byMinistersinDohahadexpired. progressive eliminationoftheEPZregimeandreconciliationprogramme with WTO SomeMembersraised thequestionof reduce theopportunitiesforfuturegrowth. might thoughperhapsnecessaryin thepresentphase, These characteristics, they entail. andtheexportsubsidieswhich lack oflinkagesbetweentheEPZsandnationaleconomy, the attentionwas alsodrawn tothe structural distortionstowhichtheygiverise, However, bycreatingjobsandattracting investment. Salvador’s integration intheworldeconomy, Members recognizedthattheEPZshadperformedanimportantfunctioninpromotingEl costs forexportersfromothercountries. whichcouldresultinbarriersorincreased sanitary andphytosanitarymeasures byCanada, Members notedthestrictuse of Concerning non-tariffmeasures, peaks andtariffescalation. Members expressedconcernabouttariff Canada’s average MFNtariff hasdecreasedslightly, of preferentialtrade agreementswas supportive ofmultilateral liberalization. Canadawas alsourgedtoensurethatitsgrowingnumber the coverage ofitsGPTtreatment. SomeMembersasked Canadatoconsiderexpanding countries was alsohighlycommended. Canada’s contributiontotechnicalassistanceprogrammes fordeveloping exports fromLDCs. praised Canada’s involvementintheDDAanditsinitiativetoenhance accesstoitsmarket for Members invitedCanadatoseektrade diversification. the UnitedStates, andinparticular on that itstrade was concentrated onafewpreferentialtrading partners, Noting and theopennesstransparency ofitstrade regimewerecreditedforthisresult. Canada’s effortsinimplementing economic reforms, in spiteofaworldeconomicslowdown. additional documentationmadeavailable today. andforthe answers toadvance questionsatthestartofourfirstsessionon Wednesday, Iwouldalsolike tocommendtheCanadiandelegationforprovidingwritten Members. andtheactiveinvolvementofagreatmany Jóhannesson, H. Stefán Ambassador discussant, theinsightfulcommentsbyour Marchi, Sergio Wilsonand Ambassador Randle led byMr was madepossiblebythefullengagementandgoodhumourofCanadiandelegation, inthetruespiritof This Trade PolicyCanada anditstrading ReviewMechanism. partners, hr etrlplce r ocre,the Where sectoral policiesareconcerned, Some Membersexpressedconcernabouttheeffectontrade ofcertainsanitarymeasures hsbig st h n ftescn eiwo lSlao.Cery El Salvador hasmade Clearly, This bringsustotheendofsecondreviewElSalvador. The delegationofElSalvador respondedorally and inwritingtothequestionsformulated theprotectionofintellectualpropertyrights. - and theratification ofthe Agreement onInformation Technology; - regulatoryframework the fortelecommunications; - theimportlicensingregimeforsugar; - including: Members alsoasked forclarificationonanumberofspecificpoints, in Members praised theliberalization andopening-upofElSalvador’s servicessector, cest h aainmre sgnrlylbrl u ubro aresrmi.While butanumberofbarriersremain. Access totheCanadianmarket isgenerally liberal, Members Canada’s strongcommitmenttotheworkof WTO was acknowledged. Canada was commendedforitsstrongeconomicperformancesincepreviousReview, This Trade Policy Reviewhasprovedtobeaveryopenandproductivedialoguebetween maquila industry receivedspecialattention. The number and duration of anti-dumping investigations and measures in Canada were of concern to a number of Members. It was noted that the mere threat of an investigation or the imposition of provisional duties can act as a deterrent to trade. Members showed interest in the exclusion of anti-dumping in the Canada-Chile free-trade agreement, with some considering that the application of different rules to imports from preferential partners could lead to discrimination among suppliers. Members also expressed concern with respect to Canada’s safeguard investigation on some steel products. While commending Canada for the transparency of its government procurement regime and its active role in the GPA Committee, some Members invited Canada to table an offer at the sub-federal level. The use of regional and local preferences for procurement not covered by the GPA was queried. Many Members considered that Canada’s restrictive marketing arrangements and local- content requirements could affect access for foreign wines and other alcoholic beverages. The issue of provincial assistance programmes was also raised, notably in primary sectors, and of various export programmes, including those of Export Development Canada. Also noted were aspects of intellectual property rights, including enforcement, ratification of treaties, compulsory licensing, patenting of life forms, copyright reform, and geographical indications. On sectoral policies, Members noted the protection granted to the steel industry through contingency measures. In the textiles and clothing industry, some participants observed that market access remains restricted by high tariffs and quotas, while rules of origin favour particular trading partners. Information was exchanged about measures to help the industry prepare for the removal of quotas by the end of 2004. Canada’s objectives to reduce market distortions to agricultural trade in the WTO were appreciated. However, foreign access restrictions in the supply-managed dairy, poultry and egg sectors persist, including through high out-of-quota tariff rates and low volume commitments. The Canadian Dairy Commission’s de facto import monopoly on butter, and the export privileges of the Canadian Wheat Board were also discussed. Canada’s trade regime in services was described as generally liberal, and participants welcomed recent reforms, notably in banking. The provincial and federal regulation for insurance services was the subject of several interventions. Members also sought Canada’s views on developing GATS rules regarding air transport, and expressed hope that Canada would expand its commitments in maritime transport. Calls were made for the removal of remaining restrictions on foreign investment in the telecommunications sector, which we know are under review. Some Members considered that Canada’s audio-visual sectors should not be, as a whole, exempt from WTO disciplines. Members also made comments and sought further clarification on a number of specific areas including: activities WTO Annex I Review Body – Concluding Policy Trade – Review Body Policy Trade by the Chair of remarks - harmonization under the Agreement on Internal Trade; - competition policy; - foreign investment restrictions and review provisions; - customs procedures; - local-content or processing requirements in forestry and mining; - restrictions on trade in bulk horticultural products; and - barriers to entry of natural persons in services. The replies provided by the delegation of Canada have made a major contribution to this Review. Members clearly appreciated these replies. This brings us to the conclusion of the seventh Review of Canada. We can all attest to Canada’s long-standing commitment to transparency and to the multilateral trading system. A liberal trade regime and sound economic policies have allowed Canada to improve its living standards continuously, even in the face of a global economic slowdown. However, significant policy-induced distortions still affect a few domestic activities, not only imposing costs on Canadians at large but also undermining Canada’s otherwise firm efforts to eliminate inefficiencies in global markets. I believe that Canada’s ongoing efforts to move forward its domestic reform programme will be buttressed by our joint multilateral endeavours, to the benefit of all. Burundi

The meeting has allowed Members to come to a far better understanding of Burundi’s trade and economic policies and of the very real challenges it faces. In this we have been very much assisted by the Burundi delegation, led by Minister Charles Karikurubu. I would like to thank Minister Karikurubu for the open and very committed approach to this TPR. As a result, we have come to a better appreciation of the reform agenda facing Burundi and I think we all appreciate the willingness of the Burundi Government to pursue such reforms, notwithstanding the enormous difficulties arising out of the prolonged crisis that has confronted Burundi. This had been evidenced by recent steps taken to improve

87 WTO activities Annex I – Trade Policy Review Body – Concluding 88 remarks by the Chair of the Trade Policy Review Body hlegs andtopayparticularattentionitsrequestfortechnicalassistance. challenges, IurgeallMemberstosupportBurundiinitsefforts totake upits poverty reduction. the Integrated Framework processinordertostrengthenthelinkagesbetweentrade and Itrustthatthemainconsiderations ofthismeetingwillbeincorporated into trading system. andcontributetoitsfurtherintegration intothemultilateral in Burundi’s trade regime, agenda andtoareasinwhichpolicyreformscouldenhancetransparency andpredictability Ithasdrawn attentionbothtoBurundi’s determination topursueitsreform growth path. be possibletodevelopablueprintforpolicyactionthatwouldplace Burundionahigher forward tofurtherreplies. and Paper; following issues: Clarificationwas alsosoughtonthe sought furtherinformationonexistinglegislation. Members Onintellectualpropertyrights, preferential marginsundertheexistingregime. national treatmentintheapplicationofcertaindomestictaxes. andtorespecttheprincipleof procedures aspartofthewiderprocesscustomsreforms, They alsourgedBurunditoadopt under theGATS. WTO-consistent customsvaluation andundertakingagreaterlevelofcommitments tariff concessionsintotheHSnomenclature, transposing pre-UruguayRound loweringceilingbindingsonagricultural products, products, trade regimecouldbeenhancedbyincreasingthescopeofbindingsonnon-agricultural They stressedthatthestabilityandpredictabilityofBurundi’s requirements inexportmarkets. andtechnical phytosanitary, Burundi wouldneedspecificassistancetohelpitmeetsanitary, whileacknowledgingthat completion ofnegotiationsundertheDohaDevelopment Agenda, potentially accruetoBurundifromimprovementsinmarket accessthatwouldarisefroma They alsonotedthegainsthatcould integrate intotheCOMESAcustomsunionby2005. trade reformsintoitsoverall strategy forpovertyreduction. andintegrate couldhelptomeetprioritytechnicalassistanceneeds, Burundi participates, inwhich MemberssaidthattheIntegrated Framework, including incapacitybuilding. reforms neededtobeaccompaniedbytheprovisionofadequatetechnicalassistance, They recognizedthat developing adequateregulatoryframeworks andcompetitionpolicy. of inparallel tothis, and, importance ofproceedingwiththeprivatization programme, Membersalsoemphasizedthe could inturnmitigatethefiscalimpactoftariffreforms. fewerexemptions would reducecurrentrelianceonamyriadoverlappingincentiveschemes; Furthertariffreductions andestablishingsimpletransparent procedures. substitution, through reformstotheinvestmentcodeaimingateliminatingitsbiastoward import bottlenecks. transport costsrelatedtoBurundi’s landlocked situationhavealsocontributedtosupply-side andhigh anunderdevelopedfinancialsector, The highcostofcertainservices, sector activity. Extensivestateinterventioncrowdsoutprivate investment incertainprocessingactivities. whilethemixed natureoftariffescalationhasnotencouraged agricultural exports, sectorshasdiscouraged investmentinnon-traditional High protectionfor “traditional” Burundi’s abilitytoderivedevelopmentbenefitsfromitsparticipationininternationaltrade. and Anumberofpolicy-relatedfactorshavehinderedexportdiversification, tea. degree, participation intheorganization. Burundi’s inter-ministerial coordinationcommitteeonthe WTO asaway ofenhancingits Members welcomedthereactivation of macroeconomic managementandliberalize trade. South Africa andSwaziland) Namibia, Lesotho, Southern African CustomsUnion(Botswana, siain fismmes u ilgehsbe hruhadcmrhnie stimulatedby Ourdialoguehasbeenthoroughandcomprehensive, aspirations ofitsmembers. and ofthepoliciesand of itstrade policies, SACU, far betterunderstandingofthe “new” I believethatthismeetingofthe TPRB hasallowedanin-depthreflectionon howitmay andlooked Members appreciatedtheresponsesprovidedbyBurundidelegation, regulatoryframework the fortelecommunications. - trade intothePoverty ReductionStrategy “mainstreaming” technicalassistanceneeds, - contingencytrade remedies; - includingexportprocessingzones; incentivesforproductionandexports, - importlicensingprocedures; - pre-shipmentinspection; trade facilitation, - measurestaken topromotesustainabledevelopment; - Some clarificationwas soughtregardingprocurementproceduresanddomestic andtheeffortsundertaken tofully Members notedBurundi’s participationinCOMESA, Members stressedthatimprovementstoBurundi’s businessenvironmentcouldbemade toalesser and, Members notedtheextremedependenceofBurundionexportscoffee, This Trade Policy Review oftheSouthern African Customs Union(SACU) hasallowedusalla the full and open engagement of the high-level delegations of Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, and Swaziland, as well as the insightful comments made by the discussant. Members commended the SACU countries for the progress achieved in their economic reform programmes since the previous time their trade policies were reviewed in 1998, and noted that trade and investment liberalization had played a key role in these programmes. Members acknowledged efforts made by SACU in trying to simplify its tariff structure. However, they noted that SACU’s trade regime remains complex; the tariff structure still comprises ad valorem, specific, mixed, compound, and formula duties. The imposition of formula duties raised concerns about compliance by SACU countries with their tariff bindings and with their obligations under the Customs Valuation Agreement. Concerns were also expressed about differences in tariff bindings among SACU countries, and about the large use of anti-dumping and other contingency trade remedies by South Africa on behalf of the customs union. Some Members emphasized that lack of harmonization within SACU in certain key non- tariff measures, such as quantitative restrictions, customs procedures, standards and technical regulations, sanitary and phytosanitary measures, competition policy, and internal taxes, distorts trade flows, and undermines the utility of having a common external tariff. In this regard, Members welcomed the 2002 SACU Agreement, which provides for a more democratic institutional structure, a dispute settlement mechanism, a new system regarding the common revenue pool and sharing formula, and further harmonization of policies throughout the customs union. Members expressed hope that, once in force, the Agreement would contribute to the further integration of SACU into the global economy. Members praised SACU members for their commitment to the multilateral trading system, and for their strong support for the Doha Development Agenda. Several Members called attention to the complications of trade policy making stemming from SACU states’ membership in overlapping preferential arrangements. This was not only difficult to manage, given the limited resources of the countries, but could also detract from multilateral efforts. In the light of their recent macroeconomic performance, SACU countries were encouraged to move ahead in implementing structural reforms, including privatization, and market and product diversification. Fiscal reforms and new sources of government revenue would be necessary to address the expected negative effects of further tariff liberalization and increases in health-related budgetary expenditures, notably on HIV/AIDS and poverty alleviation. Members also sought further clarification on: - export and investment incentives; - standards, technical regulations, and SPS measures; - public procurement regimes;

- protection of intellectual property rights; activities WTO Annex I Review Body – Concluding Policy Trade – Review Body Policy Trade by the Chair of remarks - agriculture, including food security; - mining; - manufacturing, particularly motor, textiles and clothing industries; and - services (telecommunications, tourism, transportation, financial services, energy). Members appreciated the replies provided by the delegations of SACU, and looked forward to further responses. In conclusion, I believe that through this Review we have gained a better understanding of the progress made by SACU since 1998, and of the challenges that lie ahead. The very strong participation by SACU in this meeting, the large number of questions posed, and the active discussion, indicate the importance Members attach to this Review. I encourage SACU countries to improve their multilateral commitments, both in goods and services, and to pursue the implementation of their reform programmes, with a view to enhancing the transparency, predictability, and credibility of their trade regimes, and adherence to the WTO principles. Trading partners can help by ensuring that their markets are fully open, and by providing appropriate technical assistance to SACU. New Zealand

We have had a very productive discussion of the trade policies and practices of New Zealand. We owe this to the full and forthright engagement of the New Zealand delegation, led by Ambassador Groser, to our discussant, Ambassador Ahmad, and to the Members’ lively interest in New Zealand’s policies. Members have been impressed by New Zealand’s strong economic performance following wide-ranging macroeconomic and structural reforms initiated in the mid 1980s. The reform programme has made New Zealand one of the most open economies in the world and has contributed to stable macroeconomic performance in the face of adverse external and climatic circumstances. New Zealand’s liberal stance is reflected in the WTO where it has been at the forefront of the efforts to reduce trade barriers to agricultural and non-agricultural products. In particular,

89 WTO activities Annex I – Trade Policy Review Body – Concluding 90 remarks by the Chair of the Trade Policy Review Body etlsadcohn,andSPSmeasures. textiles andclothing, largelyaffecting especiallywithregardtotariffpeaks, participation inthenegotiations, will bearfruitandthatNewZealandtake theconcernsofMembersintoaccountinits ItisinthiscontextthatIhopetheDDA liberal market access–andasustainedeffort. thesupportofmultilateral system–particularlythrough long periodofadjustment, itisalsoclearfromtheNewZealandcasethat thefullbenefitsofreformrequirea However, New Zealandprovidesavividexampleofthebenefitsunilateral market-oriented reform. stance andactiveparticipationinmovingthe WTO’s trade liberalization agendaforward. delegation ofNewZealandandlookforward toresponses tooutstandingquestions. enforcement; parallel importsand andprotectionofundisclosedinformation; geographical indications, Government Procurement; policies andprocedures; targeted sectors. were raised onhowexactlyNewZealandplanstoimplementitsproactivepoliciesinthe questions With regardtomanufacturing, in aneffectivebanonimportsofsomeproducts. resulting expressed theviewthatSPSmeasuresareperhapsmorestringentthannecessary, theyalso regarding NewZealand’s exportpoliciesanditsheavyrelianceonagriculture; Membershadqueries been amajorimpedimenttomorerapid trade andeconomicgrowth, its intentiontojoinrecentinternationalintellectualpropertyrightsagreements. Some MembershadquestionsonNewZealand’s intellectualpropertyrightslegislationand opaque anditwas suggestedthatthesemixedrates bereplacedwith rendersthetariff moreover, tariffs, The useof “alternative specific” developing countries. These sectorsarealsoexcludedunderNewZealand’s GSPprogramme for standards. suchpeaksarerelativelylowbyinternational however, important todevelopingcountries; whichwere especiallyinsectorssuchastextilesandclothing, peaks andescalation, Several Membersalsoraised questionsabouttariff overthetarifffreeze. however, expressed, Concernwas import licensinganditstariffhasdeclinedtoanaverage of4.1%in2002. consideredtobeinthe “national interest”. largely onland, made changestoitspoliciesonforeigninvestmentalbeitmaintainingafewrestrictions, theGovernmenthasalso Inordertoattract foreigndirectinvestment, been re-nationalized. Membersnotedthatsomepreviouslyprivatized companieshaverecently this connection, in Adecisionhasalsobeentaken tohaltanyfurtherprivatization; and creativeindustries. informationandcommunicationtechnologies, includingbiotechnology, technology sectors, policytargetingcertainhigh theGovernmenthasintroduceda “proactive” achieve thisgoal, Inorderto Government istargetinghighereconomicgrowthinordertoraise percapitaGDP. agreementisbeingnegotiatedwithSingaporeandChile. anda “Pacific three” Singapore, bilateral agreementshavebeennegotiatedwith Relations Agreement (ANZCERTA), long-standing relationshipwith Australia underthe Australia NewZealandCloserEconomic inadditiontoits Inthiscontext, liberalization throughregionalandbilateral agreements. NewZealandisalsoactiveinpursuingtrade products fromleastdevelopedcountries. NewZealandbecameoneofthefirstcountriestogrant duty-freeaccesstoall in July2001, Morocco ooc’ cnmcplce,wt mhsso t rd oiisadpatcs andof the withemphasisonitstrade policiesandpractices, Morocco’s economicpolicies, ncnlso,itismystrongsensethatweallhighlyappreciateNew Zealand’s liberal In conclusion, Members expressedtheirappreciationfortheoral and writtenresponsesprovidedbythe andsubsidiesforservices. services; - fisheriesquotaallocation; - trade marks, copyright, intellectualpropertyrightsincludinglegislationonpatents, - exportpromotionandfinance; - requirements; local-content - governmentprocurementproceduresandaccessiontothe WTO Agreement on - geneticallymodifiedorganismsandlabellingrequirements; - standardsandconformityassessment; - subsidies; - contingencymeasures; - importandexportprohibitions; - participationinregionalandbilateral trade liberalization agreements; - theroleofInvestmentPromotion Agency inattracting foreigninvestmentandFDI - Members alsosoughtclarificationonseveral morespecificissuesincluding: whilenoting thatbarrierstoNewZealand’s agricultural exportshave On sectoral issues, ebr oe hta euto grsielbrlzto,NewZealandhasremoved Members notedthatasaresultofaggressiveliberalization, New Zealand’s economicachievementswerepraised anditwas notedthatthe This third Trade Policy ReviewofMoroccohasledustoafarbetterunderstanding of ad valorem ad tariffs. challenges it faces. Our dialogue has been comprehensive thanks to the full and open engagement of Morocco’s high-level delegation, led by Minister Mustapha Mechahouri, the perceptive comments by the discussant, and the active involvement of many Members. I would like to thank Minister Mechahouri for the committed approach he has taken to this TPR. Members were appreciative of Morocco’s macroeconomic performance and of the structural reform it has undertaken; this, by further diversifying the economy, has helped it to contain the effects of recurrent droughts and to promote sustainable growth. The dirham has been somewhat stabilized and inflation kept low. Members commended Morocco on its active participation in the multilateral trading system and recalled that the WTO Agreement was concluded in Morocco. They were supportive of Morocco’s initiatives towards regional and bilateral agreements to expand its trade; they hoped that the regional agreements would conform to WTO principles and would avoid overlapping and other difficulties. Members stressed the importance of diversification of trading partners by Morocco, particularly toward southern countries. Some Members sought clarification on Morocco’s position with respect to the ongoing multilateral negotiations and encouraged Morocco to further mainstream trade into its development strategy. Members urged Morocco to simplify its tariff structure, notably with a view to addressing escalation. They also noted with concern that some one third of Morocco’s applied rates exceed bindings and that variable duties are still used. Some Members also expressed concern about Morocco’s local-content requirements. Further information was sought regarding procurement (methods, procedures, and preferential margins), trade facilitation, rules of origin, import monopoly, import and export licensing, tariff quotas, and internal taxation. Members noted that regular notification of trade policy measures and related legislation to the WTO would improve the transparency of Morocco’s trade regime. Some Members encouraged Morocco to pursue its liberalization reform with a focus on agriculture, its most protected sector, and to eliminate remaining quantitative restrictions on exports of skins. Members mentioned that Morocco would improve its business environment in the services sector by strengthening its commitments under the GATS. This would unquestionably reinforce the predictability of its trade regime; make its economy more attractive for foreign investment; facilitate privatization; and consolidate reforms in areas where Morocco’s multilateral commitments are somewhat lagging behind the liberalization efforts already made. Such an improvement is necessary in the current international economic context, where a lack of buyers has forced Morocco to delay privatization, particularly in the areas of telecommunications and air transport.

Clarification was also sought on the following issues: activities WTO Annex I Review Body – Concluding Policy Trade – Review Body Policy Trade by the Chair of remarks - Incentives, including subsidies and selective exemptions; - contingency trade remedies; - standards and other technical requirements; - intellectual property rights; - sustainable capacity-building in agriculture, for small-scale farmers in particular; - the rural electrification programme; - manufacturing (production and processing methods, textiles and clothing, pharmaceutical products, automobile industry); and - services (tourism, insurance, banking, telecommunications, and transport). Members appreciated the interventions by the Moroccan delegation, and look forward to receiving written replies to the questions. In conclusion, this meeting has given Members a further insight into Morocco’s trade policies and practices, and identified areas where further reforms could enhance transparency and predictability of its trade regime. We were all very appreciative of the reforms being undertaken by Morocco. In this supportive context, Members urged Morocco to accelerate its trade reforms with a view to improving efficiency and fully benefiting from its participation in the multilateral trading system. I would encourage all Members to support Morocco in its efforts to take up its challenges, guaranteeing market access for its products and assisting it to improve competitiveness. Indonesia

We have had a very productive discussion of the trade policies and practices of Indonesia. We owe this to the full and forthright engagement of the Indonesian delegation, led by Mr Pos Hutabarat, Director General for International Trade and Industry Cooperation, to our discussant, Ambassador J.K. Weerasinghe, and to Members’ keen interest in Indonesia’s policies. Members praised Indonesia’s efforts to undertake macroeconomic, trade and structural reforms in the wake of the 1997 crisis. As a consequence of these reforms, particularly fiscal

91 WTO activities Annex I – Trade Policy Review Body – Concluding 92 remarks by the Chair of the Trade Policy Review Body the importanceoftheirrespondingtoIndonesia’s developmentalneedsinthesenegotiations. itcanbringtoMembers’attention, ontheother, expressed byMembersduringthisReview; Indonesiacantake intoaccounttheconcerns Ontheonehand, presented bytheDDA. itishopedthatIndonesiawilltake advantage oftheopportunities Inthiscontext, access. andthesupportofmultilateral system–particularlythroughliberal market adjustment, alongperiodof experience thatthefullbenefitsofreformrequiresustainedefforts, ItisclearfromIndonesia’sactive participationinmovingthe WTO’s agendaforward. delegation ofIndonesiaandlooked forward toresponsesoutstandingquestions. piracy rate andenforcement; of undisclosedinformation; requirements; WTO obligations. reformswentbeyondIndonesia’s insomeservicessectors, conditions forcertainactivities; praised theextentofunilateral liberalization andsoughtclarificationofmarket-access Members Onservices, suchastextilesandsteel. peaks andNTBsonsensitiveproducts, developments inagricultureandforestry. Members notedpolicy intellectual propertyrightslegislationandenforcementoftheserights. Questionswereasked onIndonesia’s strengtheningofitslegislationon dumping measures. prices forcustomsvaluation purposesandtheuseofimportrestrictivelicensinganti- SomeMemberssoughtclarificationontheuseof “check” hocbasis. formulated onanad They alsonotedthatpolicyincertainsensitiveareaswas between boundandappliedrates. Several Membersalsoraised questionsaboutthelargegap to anaverage of7.2%in2002. acknowledged. stressed. andtransparency matterswas institutional, enforcement, The needforprogressinregulatory, expressingparticularconcernoverrecenttrendsininvestment. the Indonesianauthorities, They alsonotedthedifficultexternalandinternalcircumstancesfacing trade andinvestment. impact oftherapid movestodecentralize governmentandenhanceregionalautonomyon Members soughtclarificationofthe theeconomyseemstohavestabilized. consolidation, Niger andSenegal the twocountriesinmultilateral trading systemhadnotadvanced veryrapidly. integration of of technicalassistanceandthepromotion oftrade withNigerandSenegal, despitetheirdirectorindirectcontributioninthe shape Several Membershad indicatedthat, to resourcesdidnotallowthem recognizeand/ortoexploitthepossibilitiesonoffer. giventhattheirownconstraints with regard full benefitfromtheirstatusas WTO Members, Nigerand Senegalwerenottaking importance oftheIFandothercooperation initiatives. remained difficultchallenges. togetherwiththeintegration oftheinformalsector intheformaleconomy, against poverty, Membershadnotedthatsustainabledevelopment andthefight finances andinvestment. mainlyinthefieldofpublic years toachievestabilizationandimplementeconomicreforms, andthediscussant’s judiciousremarks. cooperation fromhigh-leveldelegations, thankstofullandopen The discussionhadbeenboththoroughandexhaustive, aspirations. andoftheirtrade-related policiesand whichwereshapedbythe WAEMU, policies, enabled alltheparticipantstogainafarbetterunderstandingof twocountries’trade ncnlso,itismystrongsensethatweallhighlyappreciateIndonesia’s stanceand In conclusion, Members expressedtheirappreciationfortheoral andwrittenresponsesprovidedbythe policydevelopmentsinthetourismsector. - deregulation/liberalization plansintelecommunications; - anddevelopmentsinfinancialservices; GATS commitments, nationaltreatment, - andprotection geographical indications, trade marks, copyright, legislationonpatents, - andfinance; promotion, exportrestrictions, - governmentprocurementobjectivesandpractices; - geneticallymodifiedorganismsandlabellingrequirements; - standardsformulationandconformityassessment; - andlabelling statetrading practices, WTO notificationofimportlicensingprocedures, - notablycustomsvaluation andboundtariffs; several tariffpolicymatters, - participationinregionalandbilateral trade liberalization agreements; - thestatusofapproval ofthenewlawonandotherrevival plansforforeigninvestment; - Members alsosoughtclarificationonseveral morespecificissuesincluding: Membersnotedthepersistenceoftariff withregard tomanufacturing, On sectoral issues, Indonesia’s tariffhaddeclined Members notedthatasaresultofunilateral liberalization, Indonesia’s activeparticipationinthe WTO andcommitmenttomultilateralism was Members hadstressedthattrade was aninstrumentofdevelopmentandunderlinedthe Members hadcongratulated NigerandSenegalonthe effortstheyhadmadeinrecent The Chairperson notedthatthereviewoftrade policiesofNigerandSenegalhad Members had recognized the efforts made to simplify the tariff structure and the influence of the WAEMU regarding the reduction of the average level of MFN rates. They had noted the use of additional duties and taxes, together with administered prices agreed by the WAEMU for customs valuation purposes. Several Members had inquired about what was being done to improve the protection of intellectual property rights. In light of their recent macro-economic results, Niger and Senegal had been encouraged to move forward with the implementation of structural reforms, including privatization, and in the diversification of markets and products. Budgetary reforms and new sources of revenue for the State were necessary to face up to the expected effects of further tariff liberalization and the increase in budgetary expenditure linked to health and the fight against poverty. Members had also sought clarification on the following points: - investment; - national standards; - government procurement; - intellectual property rights; - questions linked to national and regional agriculture and fisheries; - privatization; - questions linked to financial services, telecommunications and tourism; - commitments made under the GATS and negotiations. Members had appreciated the thorough and complete replies given by the delegations of Niger and Senegal, and expected to receive further responses and details. The TPR had allowed Members to gain a fuller appreciation of the progress made by Niger and Senegal, and of the challenges awaiting them. The highly active participation of the two delegations in the meeting, the number of questions asked and the lively debate had shown the importance that Members attached to the review. Niger and Senegal were encouraged to improve their multilateral commitments, both in the field of goods and in that of services, and to continue implementing their reform programmes in order to enhance the transparency, predictability and credibility of their trade regimes and their compliance with WTO principles. It was nonetheless necessary to put such considerations in their context. Niger and Senegal faced genuine constraints in their resources; technical assistance was required from the WTO and other relevant organizations; needs had been identified in the Reports of the Secretariat and had to be met. Moreover, trading partners should participate in the effort by guaranteeing that their markets were completely open to products from Niger and Senegal.

Honduras activities WTO Annex I Review Body – Concluding Policy Trade – Review Body Policy Trade by the Chair of remarks

This first Trade Policy Review of Honduras has shed considerable light on its trade and investment policies and practices, also contributing to a better understanding of the economic and institutional framework within which they are formulated and implemented. We owe this to the documentation prepared for the meeting, to the active participation of the Honduran delegation led by Dr Núñez, and to the constructive comments of the discussant and the Members. Members expressed their support for Honduras’ ongoing economic and institutional reform efforts, including trade and investment liberalization. Honduras has shown discipline in the conduct of monetary policy, and has become more closely integrated into the global economy. However, Members noted Honduras’ large trade deficit and encouraged it to diversify its production and export base, including by taking further advantage of unilateral trade preferences offered by some trading partners. Members noted with concern the modest rate of economic growth, partly the result of a series of external shocks. As a result, living standards have stagnated, and poverty continues to affect a large proportion of the population. To achieve faster growth, Members referred to the need to redress the fiscal imbalance, to improve regulatory transparency, and to persevere with efforts to restructure the economy. Reaching an agreement with the IMF was also considered important, as was support from the international community. Members took note of Honduras’ commitment to the multilateral trading system, and commended the steps it has taken to implement its WTO obligations. They welcomed Honduras statement that the multilateral trading system represents the main instrument to ensure non-discriminatory access to foreign markets. Honduras was invited to complete its WTO notification commitments, in particular with respect to technical regulations, which Honduras engaged to do as soon as possible. Noting Honduras’ rapidly growing network of preferential trade agreements, Members expressed the view that these agreements should complement multilateral efforts. Some Members welcomed the growing integration within the Central American Common Market, including through the establishment of a customs union. They were worried, however, that

93 WTO activities Annex I – Trade Policy Review Body – Concluding 94 remarks by the Chair of the Trade Policy Review Body development. closer integration intheworldeconomyasaninstrumenttofurtheritseconomic IamheartenedbyHonduras’ statementthatitseesits of thechallengesthatlieahead. and better understandingofthenumerousreformsundertaken byHonduras inrecentyears, appreciated them. replies providedmadeaconsiderable contributiontotheReviewandMembersclearly The during theReviewandundertooktosupplyrepliesinwritinganyoutstandingissues. framework. This wouldimprovethepredictabilityofHonduras’ legal more ambitiousschedule. preparinganew, Honduras indicatedthatitis partasaresultofunilateral liberalization. in observed thatcommitmentsundertheGATS didnotreflecttheactualopennessinservices, Members remarked onthereformsintelecommunicationsandelectricitysectors. Membersalso it was pointedoutthatthefinancialsectorremainsinstitutionallyweak. Althoughreforms havebeenintroduced, some referredtomarket accessimpediments. from theFTZregime. whichcouldarise to theimpactonfiscalrevenueandpossibleeconomicdistortions, attentionwas drawn However, the generation ofinvestmentandemploymentinHonduras. adopting competitionpolicylegislation. andconsideredthatHonduras wouldbenefitfrom legislation andenhancedIPRprotection, SomeMembersnotedthatHonduras hadadoptednewintellectualproperty were welcomed. Honduras’ efforts toenhancetransparency ingovernmentprocurement to someMembers. The effectsontrade ofcertainsanitarymeasureswereconcern “absorption agreements”. andon quantitativerestrictionsonimportsandwoodexports, technical regulations, system forcertainagricultural importsgaverisetoquestions. Itsuseofaprice-band lower itsbindingsinthecontextofDohaDevelopment Agenda. Honduras was encouraged to andforbindingthefulltariffschedule. average MFNtariff, foritslowapplied They commended Honduras fornotusingcontingencymeasures, latter. andsoughtfurtherdetailsonthe Valuation andeffortstomodernizecustomsprocedures, capacity tonegotiateandimplementanumberofagreementsinparallel. AfewMembersalsoasked questionsregardingHonduras’ institutional common market. the negotiationofindependentfree-trade agreementsmightbeincompatiblewitha Bulgaria on particularproducts. SomeMembersalsonotedthatthereremained hightariffs predictability ofthetariffregime. statedthatreductionofthismargin wouldenhancethe bound andappliedtariffrates, observingthatthereremainedaconsiderable marginbetween someMembers, However, liberalization ingoods andserviceshadgonebeyondBulgaria’s WTO commitments. autonomous Furthermore, commitments withwidecoverage ofsectorsandmodessupply. Bulgariahadalso undertaken GATS fallen from17.6%in1997to11.2%2003. Alltarifflineswereboundandaverage appliedMFN rates had 1996 was acknowledged. reforms. Membersencouraged Bulgariatocontinueconsolidatingits improvement insocialindicators. althoughtherewererecent signsof remainedtobetackled, activity inthegreyeconomy, andtheproportion ofeconomic widespread povertyandhighlevelsofunemployment, problems of However, contributed tohighrates ofeconomicgrowthinthepast fiveyears. These had bankruptcy andcompetitionpolicyaswellinothertrade-related fields. andintroductionofnewlegislationon privatization, and investmentliberalization, Reforms implementedincludedtrade accession totheEUhadcontributedprocess. Membershipofthe WTO andtheobjectiveof implemented sinceitseconomiccrisisin1996. Bozadzhiev. ledbyDeputyMinisterRadoslav delegation, stimulatedbythefulland open engagementofthehigh-levelBulgarian comprehensive, positiveand Ourdialoguehasbeenthorough, policies andpractices ofBulgaria. hsbig st h ocuino h is eiwo odrs IthasgivenMembersa This bringsustotheconclusionoffirstReviewHonduras. The delegationofHonduras providedwrittenandoral answerstothequestionsposed criteriafortheauthorizationofforeigninvestment. - and andenvironmentalconsiderations; theroleofcivilsociety, trade policyformulation, - including: Members alsosoughtclarificationonspecificissues, but Members commendedHonduras’ effortstoliberalize andopenitsservicessectors, Members recognizedtheimportantcontributionthatfree-trade zones(FTZs)hadmadeto including Interest was expressedinHonduras’ applicationofothertrade measures, Members praised Honduras foritsapplicationofthe WTO Agreement onCustoms Bulgaria’s activeparticipationinthemultilateral trading systemsinceits WTO accessionin Members praised Bulgariaforthesignificantmacroeconomicandstructural reforms This Trade Policy Reviewhasallowedusalltounderstandandbetterappreciatethetrade Regional trade liberalization, including the objective of EU membership, had contributed to Bulgaria’s economic development. Some Members were of the view that, given Bulgaria’s level of development and the significant levels of tariff liberalization already undertaken, it was inappropriate for Bulgaria to further reduce its applied MFN tariff rates. Others encouraged Bulgaria to reduce the gap between MFN and preferential rates in order to optimize net trade creation effects. Bulgaria’s legislative reforms in customs administration, contingency trade measures, government procurement, SPS and technical requirements, and intellectual property rights were commended. Issues were raised regarding the need for effective implementation and enforcement of these reforms. On sectoral matters, the restoration of farm land to previous owners was commended, however the resulting structure of partitioned, small farms, and the lack of adequate complementary capital for investment, were seen as hindering the development of the sector and the reduction of poverty. Continuation of privatization reforms in energy and services areas was also encouraged. Clarification was also sought by Members on the following issues: - progress under the judiciary reform programme; - tariff quota utilization; - customs and trade facilitation provisions; - internal taxation provisions; - implementation of trade remedies; - government procurement procedures; - foreign direct investment procedures and guidelines; - regulatory measures for biotechnology products; - energy price liberalization and State aids to the energy sector; - a variety of intellectual property issues, including enforcement questions; - trade in unbound services and the current round of negotiations; and - issues in the services sector, particularly financial and telecommunication services. Members expressed their appreciation for the oral and written responses provided by the Bulgarian delegation to these issues. In conclusion, I believe that the Trade Policy Review Body is highly appreciative of the reform efforts undertaken by Bulgaria and their positive effects to date. I hope that Bulgaria has found the trade policy review process a positive exercise. Bulgaria participates actively in the Doha Development Agenda and Members encourage it to continue working constructively in the multilateral trading system.

Guyana activities WTO Annex I Review Body – Concluding Policy Trade – Review Body Policy Trade by the Chair of remarks

This first Trade Policy Review of Guyana has shed considerable light on its trade and investment policies and practices. It has also led us to a far better understanding of the challenges Guyana faces and of the economic and institutional framework within which its policies are formulated and implemented, both at the national level and through participation in CARICOM. We owe this particularly to the active participation of the delegation of Guyana led by Minister Rohee. Guyana was commended for the efforts undertaken to reform its economy since the late 1980s. Members expressed their appreciation for the efforts undertaken at the domestic level to liberalize trade and the exchange rate regime, privatize state-owned enterprises, and reform institutions. Members noted the openness of Guyana’s economy, as witnessed by the fact that total trade is almost double GDP. Members also expressed support for the steps that Guyana has taken at the international level, including the development of a National Trade Strategy and the negotiation of market- opening agreements at the multilateral, regional, and bilateral levels. Guyana was encouraged to continue and accelerate the pace and scope of these domestic and international reform efforts. Members also noted that, despite these wide-ranging reforms, Guyana continues to face difficult economic problems. The rate of economic growth in Guyana has been relatively low in recent years, the debt burden is high, and the current account deficit is large. Guyana continues to rely heavily upon exports of a narrow range of traditional products, and remains vulnerable to shifts in the level of global demand, fluctuation in prices, and the erosion of its margins of preference in access to major foreign markets. A number of Members noted that Guyana’s difficulties are also felt by other small, export-dependent, developing countries, and expressed the view that the current round of multilateral trade negotiations must address their shared concerns regarding dependency on tariff revenue, preferential market access, and the special problems of small economies. Members took note of the importance Guyana attaches to its commitment to the multilateral trading system, and commended the steps it has taken to implement its WTO

95 WTO activities Annex I – Trade Policy Review Body – Concluding 96 remarks by the Chair of the Trade Policy Review Body its participationinthesystemandbenefitsderivedfromthisparticipation. andhopeitwillfindamong WTO Membersthe technical supportitneedstoenhance strategy, liberalization andparticipationinthemultilateral trading systemiscentral toitsdevelopment IwelcomeGuyana’s convictionthattrade andofthechallengesthatlieahead. in recentyears, better understandingoftheeffortdisplayedandnumerousreformsundertaken byGuyana appreciated them. replies providedmadeaconsiderable contributiontothereviewandMembersclearly The during theReviewandundertooktosupplyrepliesinwritinganyoutstandingissues. including: issues, the past. ashadbeenthecasein expressed theirwishtocontinueprovidingassistanceGuyana, someMembers Inthisrespect, towards theachievementofitsdevelopmentobjectives. efforts toimproveitsparticipationinthemultilateral trading systemandtocontinuework to enactnewlegislation. andrequestedinformationonthestatusofefforts requirements ofthe TRIPS Agreement, Members observedthatGuyana’s lawshavenotbeenamendedyettofullyconformwiththe Some andsanitaryphytosanitarymeasures. technicalbarrierstotrade, enterprises, Guyana toimproveandcompleteitsnotificationsonsuchsubjectsasstate-trading encouraged Guyana toundertake furtherreforms. and aspects ofGuyana’s tariffregimetendtounderminetransparency andpredictability, Members notedthatthese exemptions andotherformsoftrade andinvestmentincentives. andtheuseofconditionalduty disparities betweenGuyana’s boundandMFNappliedrates, SomeMemberstooknoteofthe added taxmightpermitreductionsintrade-related taxes. andthattheeffortsunderway toreformthetaxstructureandplannedvalue- revenue, services negotiations. Guyana was encouraged toparticipateactivelyinthecurrent activities oftheorganization. resident statusinthe WTO mayimpedeitsabilitytoparticipatefullyinthedeliberations and SomeMembersneverthelessobservedthatGuyana’sspokesman non- for WTO matters. Members recognizedtheimportanceofGuyana’s leadershiproleasCARICOM obligations. Haiti o h ipiiaino t aifsrcue F aif vrgd29,withabout65%of MFNtariffs averaged 2.9%, for thesimplificationofitstariffstructure; advantage ofpreferential treatmentandontheerosionofpreferentialmargins. they alsoremarked onHaiti’s difficultiesintaking noted Haiti’s technicalassistanceneeds; SomeMembers mainstream trade into itsdevelopmentandpovertyreductionstrategies. Haitiwas encouraged to intended toensuretheircompatibility withitscurrenttrade regime. Membersenquiredaboutthelikely impactoftheagreementsandhowHaiti CARICOM, Noting thatHaitiwas alsobecominginvolvedinregionaltrade agreementssuchas attract theforeigndirectinvestmentneededtoimprove Haiti’s economicperformance. The newInvestmentCodemighthelp to tackletheseimpedimentsandpursueitsreforms. Members encouraged Haiti theeffortsareyettoshowtheirfullbenefits. structural reforms, supply-sideconstraints anddelaysin thelackofinstitutionalcapacity, political problems, because ofsocio- However, the mostliberal economiesinLatin America andtheCaribbean. facilitated bythefrank involvementofMinisterJean-Claude Rocheandhisdelegation. Ourdiscussionhasbeen understanding andappreciationofitstrade-related policies. hsbig st h ocuino h is eiwo uaa IthasgivenMembersa This bringsustotheconclusionoffirstReviewGuyana. The delegationofGuyana providedwrittenandoral answerstothequestionsposed financialandtelecommunicationsservices. - and agricultureandmining; - electricity; - intellectualpropertyrightlegislation; - competitionpolicy; - governmentprocurement; - technicalregulations; - andlicensing; restrictions, importprohibitions, - customsvaluation andrulesoforigin; - investment; - Members soughtclarificationonseveral specific In additiontotheaforementionedtopics, Members notedtheimportanceoftargetedtechnicalassistancetosupportGuyana inits someencouraged Members appreciatedthenotificationsmadebyGuyana tothe WTO; Members notedthatGuyana isdependentupontrade taxesasasourceofgovernment rd ieaiainhsbe ancmoeto at’ eom.Members praised Haiti Trade liberalization hasbeenamaincomponentofHaiti’s reforms. Members commendedHaitionitsactiveparticipationinthemultilateral trading system. Members wereencouraged byHaiti’s unilateral reform effortsthathavemadeitoneof This first Trade Policy ReviewofHaitihasprovidedtheopportunityforabetter lines carrying the zero rate. However, inconsistencies were noted in the imposition of excise duties, and other duties and charges (inspection fees in particular) were deemed relatively high. Members encouraged Haiti to narrow the gap between bound and applied rates, to transpose its former tariff bindings into the Harmonized System, and to pursue its reform of taxation. Noting that the waiver granted to Haiti to delay application of the WTO Customs Valuation Agreement had expired on 30 January 2003, Members sought clarification about its plans to implement the Agreement. They urged Haiti to start taking steps to bring its intellectual property regime into compliance with the TRIPs Agreement, and stood ready to provide the necessary assistance. Some Members pointed out that structural problems, inconsistent policies, and exogenous factors, (including bad weather conditions and unfair competition from foreign countries) had contributed to the decline of agriculture and manufacturing, and had further concentrated economic activities in services. The pursuit of the privatization programme might contribute to economic diversification by enhancing efficiency, reducing costs of basic services needed for production, and releasing resources for improvement of infrastructure. This might also promote Haiti’s tourism sub-sector, which has largely untapped potential. Members also sought further clarification on a number of issues, including trade policy formulation, import licensing, local-content requirements, export assistance, contingency trade remedies, standards and sanitary and phytosanitary measures, and the government procurement regime. Members appreciated the replies provided by the delegation of Haiti and looked forward to receiving additional material. I believe that this review has highlighted the efforts made by Haiti to unilaterally liberalize its economy despite various difficulties. I am pleased that some Members identified areas in which they were providing trade-related technical assistance to Haiti, and to take note of their commitment to continue their assistance. I urge that we follow through on this, particularly in the context of the Integrated Framework. Haiti needs this support to mainstream its trade-related policy into its development strategy, address its supply-side constraints, and diversify its economy. In sum, subject to socio-political stability, further assistance by major trading partners will be necessary if Haiti is to meet its development potential and fully integrate into the multilateral trading system. Thailand

This fourth Trade Policy Review of Thailand has undoubtedly contributed to a better activities WTO Annex I Review Body – Concluding Policy Trade – Review Body Policy Trade by the Chair of remarks understanding of recent developments in its trade and trade-related policies. Our discussion has been facilitated by the informative contribution of Ambassador Puangrat Asavapisit and her delegation as well as by the incisive comments of our discussant, Ambassador Seixas Corrêa. Members noted Thailand’s prudent macroeconomic policies, trade liberalization and structural reforms, including those in the financial and corporate sector, and encouraged the authorities to continue with this approach, which has contributed to the steady development of the economy since the previous Review in 1999. Members commended Thailand on its active participation in the multilateral trading system, including its support for the Doha Development Agenda. Noting that Thailand has become more involved in bilateral/regional trade initiatives, some Members enquired about the likely impact of these arrangements. In this context, they asked how Thailand intends to deal with the added complexity that the resulting rules will entail for its trade regime and the compatability of these arrangements with the multilateral trading system. Members encouraged Thailand to continue reforms, including improvements in customs procedures and liberalization of foreign ownership restrictions. Members expressed concern about relatively high tariffs faced by their exports to Thailand, particularly in agriculture; they called for greater transparency in the tariff regime, reduced tariff rates and tariff escalation, and a narrower gap between bound and applied tariff rates. Members also encouraged Thailand to increase the transparency of its import licensing regime. While noting various new laws and regulations on the protection of intellectual property rights, Members encouraged Thailand to continue its efforts to combat the infringement of these rights. Some Members sought clarification of developments concerning Thailand’s regulatory regime for the telecommunications sector. Members also sought clarification on other issues, notably: domestic regional imbalances; contingency measures; standards and SPS; government procurement; local-content requirements; export duties and controls; investment incentives; subsidies; privatization; competition policy; liberalization of trade in agriculture and fisheries products; and reform of the energy and various other services sectors.

97 WTO activities Annex I – Trade Policy Review Body – Concluding 98 remarks by the Chair of the Trade Policy Review Body Chile Turkey valuable contribution. towhichInoteChileis makingavery efforts intheongoingDohaDevelopment Agenda, This willofcoursedependingoodpartonthesuccessourcollective future reforms. andasacatalystfor advantage ofthemultilateral trading systemtolock-inpastchanges, andItrustChilewillcontinuetotake continuous reformshasservedChile’s interestswell, A processof sought throughamulti-dimensionalstrategy thathas WTO atitscore. andthatfurtherreformsare trade policyisattheheartofChile’s developmentstrategy, service activities. They alsosoughtinformation onotherprimaryindustriesandseveral sugar industry. andthehighassistancegranted tothe to fosterefficiencythroughsector-neutral policies, andtheprotectionofintellectualpropertyrights. maritime transport andfinancialservices; specificactivitiessuchaselectricity, governmentprocurement; state-owned enterprises; incentiveschemes; theforeigninvestmentregime; the omnibuslawon WTO compliance; Members alsosoughtclarificationon contingencymeasuresandtechnicalregulations. taxes, suchasdomestic Members requestedinformationonothermeasuresaffectingimports, suggesting thatChileeffectimprovementsandnotifyitslegalframework tothe WTO. the systemintocompliancewithChile’s WTO obligations. Several Membersalsorequesteddetailsonchangestobring number ofagricultural goods. whichgrants specialprotectiontoasmall distortions inducedbythepricebandsystem, anumberofMembersexpressedconcernsaboutpossible However, steps toreduceit6%. Chile’s growingnumberofpreferentialagreements. some alsoraising concernsabouttheincreasedcomplexityandeffectsonthirdpartiesof with Memberssoughtfurtherinformationonpreferentialinitiatives, commitments in WTO. butencouraged ittoimprovepredictabilitybyenhancingitstariffandservice system, Members highlightedChile’s activeandconstructiveparticipationinthemultilateral trading liberalize itstrade andinvestmentregimeshavebeenkey elementsinitseconomicstrategy. cope wellwithanumberofexternalshocksoverthelastsixyears. whichalloweditto thereby becomemoreresilientandcloselyintegrated intoglobalmarkets, Chile’s economyhas macroeconomic strategy andstrongprogressinreducingpoverty. They sound welcomedChile’s generally transparent andsector-neutral1997. trade policies, andtotheactiveinvolvementofmanyMembers. Ambassador Groser, totheincisivecommentsofourdiscussant, Minister Rosalesand Ambassador Jara, ledby Vice- this inconsiderable measuretothepresenceofalargeChileandelegation, We owe policies andpractices inplaceandofchangesaffectingthemoverthelastsixyears. with theChileandelegationwehaveobtainedabetterunderstandingoftrade-related themultilateral trading system. asithasuptonow, continue tostronglysupport, Iwouldencourage Thailand to important rolethat Inthiscontext, Thailand playsatthe WTO. themanyinterventions andthehighlevelofattendanceindicate advance questions, any outstandingquestions. theylooked forward toreceivinganswerson questions asprovidedbythe Thai delegation; with recession. and economicgrowthalternating withhighinflationand public indebtedness, fragile, that theprogramme wouldhelpredress Turkey’s economicsituationwhich remained Members expressed hope initiatedinresponsetothe2000-01 economiccrisis. programme, They praised Turkeyto continueitsstructural reforms. forthe 2002-04reform AmbassadorPéterBalás. H.E. incisive commentsbyourDiscussant, aswellbythe andherdelegation, UndersecretaryofForeign Trade, Ülker Güzel, by Ms. stimulated Ourdialoguehasbeenthoroughandcomprehensive, challenges thatlieahead. andofthe trade policiesandpractices of Turkey sinceitsprevious Review in1998, hsbig st h ocuino u eiwo hl.Iwas encouraged tohearthat This bringsustotheconclusionofourReviewChile. Membershighlightedthesharpcontrast betweenChile’s general aim On sectoral policies, withsomeMembers Questions wereposedoncustomsproceduresandvaluation, andwelcomedtheunilateral Members notedChile’s almostuniformappliedMFNtariff, preferentialandmultilateral initiativesChilehastaken to The various autonomous, Members expressedsupportforChile’s liberalization policiessinceitslastReviewin This third ThroughTrade ourdialogue Policy ReviewofChilehasbeenhighlyinformative. The largenumberof This bringsustotheconclusionofourfourthReview Thailand. Members expressedtheirappreciationoftheoral andwrittenresponsestotheir Members appreciatedstepstaken andencouraged it by Turkey tostabilizeitseconomy, This meeting hasallowedustoimproveourunderstandingofthedevelopmentsin Members noted Turkey’s commitment to the multilateral trading system and to the WTO. Some Members noted that accession to the EU remained Turkey’s ultimate objective. In this context, Turkey’s trade policies are increasingly being pursued through bilateral and regional trade agreements in order to comply with its obligations under the customs union with the EU. Some Members expressed concern that participation in preferential arrangements might further complicate Turkey’s trade regime. Some Members remarked that Turkey was applying non-ad valorem tariffs to products on which it bound tariffs at ad valorem rates. They pointed out that further tariff reform, including reduction of the margins between bound and applied rates, would enhance the predictability of the tariff regime. Concerns were expressed about Turkey’s relatively large use of anti-dumping measures. Members praised Turkey’s wide-ranging 2001-05 programme to restructure agriculture, but called attention to the insulation of the sector from competition as a result of its exclusion from Turkey’s preferential trade agreements, high tariff protection and government support. They commended Turkey for having taken steps to liberalize the electricity and natural gas subsectors, and for addressing some structural problems faced by services activities, such as banking and telecommunications. Members also sought clarification on other issues, notably: customs procedures; internal taxation; import licensing; standards and SPS; export and investment incentives; government procurement; protection of intellectual property rights; state involvement in mining, energy and manufacturing; and trade reforms in various services subsectors. Members expressed their appreciation for the responses to their questions as provided by the Turkish delegation; they looked forward to receiving written answers to any outstanding questions. In conclusion, it is my belief that the large number of advance written questions, and the high level of attendance indicate the important role that Turkey plays in the multilateral trading system. I encourage Turkey to continue improving its multilateral commitments and implementing its economic reform programme, with a view to enhancing the predictability and credibility of its trade regime. Trading partners can help by ensuring that their markets are fully open to Turkey’s exports.

Annex II – WTO Publications

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These can also be purchased in print format using a credit card (transactions are conducted activities WTO Publications WTO Annex II – on a secure server), or you can print out and complete the order form to mail or fax to the WTO. In many countries there is the possibility of ordering in local currency, through the WTO regional distributor. Many of the products are co-publications. These may also be ordered through the co- publisher whose addresses are listed. All prices quoted are in Swiss Francs (CHF). Legal publications

The Legal Texts – The Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations First published in 1994 by the GATT Secretariat and reprinted by the WTO in 1995, this title has now been reprinted by Cambridge University Press. ISBN 05-217-8094 2 – Hardback Price CHF 150 ISBN 05-217 – 8580 4 – Paperback Price CHF 70 Can also be ordered from Cambridge University Press (co-publisher). The French and Spanish versions are co-published with Éditions Yvon Blais.

The Legal Instruments embodying the results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations 1 – 34 The legal instruments embodying the results of the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations, adopted in Marrakesh on 15 April 1994, published in a set of 34 volumes. The complete set covers the legal texts, the ministerial decisions and the Marrakesh declaration, the signatory countries, as well as the individual agreements, the schedules of specific commitments on services, the tariff schedules for trade in goods, and the Plurilateral Agreements.

99 100 WTO activities Annex II – WTO Publications o.3 ceue ngosadsrie CHF50 CHF50 CHF50 Schedulesongoodsandservices 34 Vol. Tariff schedulesongoodssubmittedafter15 April 1994 33 Vol. Schedules onservicessubmittedafter15 April 1994 32 Vol. Trade Policy ReviewMechanism; DisputeSettlement, IntellectualProperty, Agreements: 31 Vol. CHF120 NewZealand–Nicaragua –NigerNigeriaNorway –Pakistan –Paraguay –Peru 30 Vol. CHF120 Finland–France forNewCaledonia–GabonGhanaGrenada Guatemala –Guyana CHF120 29 Vol. The Schedulesfor General Algeria – Agreement on Antigua &Barbuda Trade inServices; CHF120 CHF120 28 CHF50 Vol. CHF120 CHF120 CHF120 CHF120 CHF120 CHF120 Textiles Application ofSanitaryandPhytosanitaryMeasures, Agriculture, Agreements: Benin–MauritaniaNigerBangladeshCongo Tanzania –Uganda 27 Vol. CHF120 Swaziland CHF120 26 Vol. CHF120 CHF240 Vol.25 BruneiDarussalam–CameroonCyprusDominicaFijiGhanaGuyana –Kenya CHF120 Bahrain –BarbadosBelize Slovak Republic–Honduras – Antigua &Barbuda, CHF120 24 Vol. Paraguay –CzechRepublic 23 Vol. Namibia CHF240 22 Vol. Morocco–HongKong – Tunisia –Bolivia 21 Vol. CHF120 CHF120 EuropeanCommunitiesandmemberstates 20 Vol. Colombia–MexicoZambia Thailand 19 Vol. Philippines Hungary–SingaporeSuriname, 18 Vol. CHF120 Poland –Jamaica – Trinidad & Tobago –Romania 17 Vol. Iceland–Egypt Argentina CHF120 16 Vol. RepublicofKorea 15 Vol. 14 Vol. Nigeria–GabonSenegalMadagascarCôted’IvoireZimbabwe Malaysia–Israel Vol.13 Japan 12 Vol. Uruguay– Austria –Peru Turkey 11 Vol. Indonesia–DominicanRepublicFinlandNicaragua –Sweden 10 Vol. 9 Vol. SouthAfrica UnitedStates 8(a+b) Vol. Norway –Pakistan 7 Vol. Cuba–IndiaNewZealand 6 Vol. SriLanka–ChileChina 5 Vol. 4 Vol. Australia –Brazil –Myanmar Canada 3(a+b) Vol. 2 Vol. countries listed: The followingvolumes(2-26)containthetariffschedulesfortrade ingoodsforthe Schedules intheoriginallanguageonly. Hein&Companywillsupply allvolumesinthisseries WilliamS. From April 2004, fcmimns,Ma,adDiy CHF120 CHF50 Mozambique –Rwanda –Sierra Leone–SolomonIslands Togo –Zaire the Gambia–GuineaGuinea-BissauHaiti –LesothoMalawiMaldivesMali Angola –Botswana –BurkinaFaso –BurundiCentral African Republic–Chad Rwanda – Sierra Leone–SolomonIslands Togo –Zaire Guinea –Guinea-BissauHaitiLesothoMalawiMaldivesMaliMauritania Angola –Botswana –BurundiCentral African Republic–ChadDjiboutitheGambia CHF120 andDairy Meat, of commitments), CHF120 schedules (including Procurement Government Plurilateral Tradethe Agreements: Uganda –UnitedStatesUruguay Venezuela –ZambiaZimbabwe Sweden –Switzerland Tanzania – Thailand – Trinidad & Tobago – Tunisia – Turkey Senegal –SingaporeSlovak Republic–South Africa –SriLankaSurinameSwaziland Vincent &theGrenadines Lucia–St. Philippines –Poland –Poland –Romania –St. Netherlands for Aruba –Netherlandsfor Antilles Malta –MoroccoMauritiusMexicoMozambiqueMyanmar –Namibia of)–Kuwait –LiechtensteinMacauMadagascarMalaysia Kenya –Korea (Rep. Honduras –HongKong –HungaryIcelandIndiaIndonesiaIsrael –Jamaica –Japan CHF120 Dominican Republic–EgyptElSalvador –EuropeanCommunities&memberStatesFiji Congo –CostaRicaCôted’IvoireCubaCyprusCzechRepublicDominica Brunei Darussalam–BurkinaFaso –CameroonCanadaChileChinaColombia Australia – Austria –Bahrain –BangladeshBarbadosBelizeBeninBoliviaBrazil Slovenia n oneviigMaue,Sfgad CHF50 Safeguards and Countervailing Measures, Subsidies ImportLicensingProcedures, RulesofOrigin, Preshipment Inspection, 1994), (GATT CHF120 of ArticleVII Implementation 1994), (GATT of ArticleVI Implementation Technical Barriersto Trade-relatedTrade, InvestmentMeasures,and Clothing, CHF120 Vincent &theGrenadines, Lucia–St. Kuwait –MaltaMauritiusSt. Switzerland/Liechtenstein Second GATS Protocol: Revised Schedules of Commitments on Financial Services This publication presents about 30 countries’ (the European Communities and its member States count as one) improvements or changes to their original commitments for opening up markets to trade in financial services. (The original offers – by 76 countries – are included in volumes 28, 29 and 30 of the published results of the Uruguay Round negotiations released in 1994. See above for more information.) These schedules will be of vital interest to organizations and companies in the international financial services sector. The schedules are published in the language in which they were submitted (English, French or Spanish). October 1995 ISBN 92-870-0147-2 Price CHF 120

Third GATS Protocol: Schedules of Specific Commitments relating to Movement of Natural Persons The Decision on the Movement of Natural Persons was adopted by the Council for Trade in Services on 30 June 1995. The third protocol contains the specific commitments of six countries (the European Communities and its member States counting as one). Of particular interest to professionals and organizations with an interest in foreign markets. The schedules are published in the language in which they were submitted (English, French or Spanish). October 1995 ISBN 92-870-0148-0 Price CHF 30

Fourth GATS Protocol: Schedules of Specific Commitments concerning Basic Telecommunications The Agreement on Basic Telecommunications of 15 February 1997 is hailed as a landmark in the liberalization of the communications sector. The schedules of commitments of 69 countries make this an important publication for business and organizations worldwide. The schedules are published in the language in which they were submitted (English, French or Spanish). April 1997 ISBN 92-870-0181-2 Price CHF 120

Fifth GATS Protocol

Schedules of Specific Commitments and Lists of Exemptions from Article II concerning activities WTO Publications WTO Annex II – Financial Services. The results of the negotiations on financial services concluded on 12 December 1997 under the WTO, consisting of 56 schedules of specific commitments undertaken by 70 WTO member governments and 16 lists of Article II (MFN) exemptions (or amendments of exemptions) submitted by 16 members. February 1998 ISBN 92-870-0197-9 Price CHF 120

WTO Status of Legal Instruments This loose-leaf edition is an up-to-date account of the legal instruments, showing a complete list of agreements and protocols in force, and the situation of their ratification and entry into force. English, French, Spanish versions available WTO/Leg/1 Supplement 1 April 1998 WTO/Leg/2 Supplement 2 April 2000 WTO/Leg/3 Supplement 3 January 2003 ISBN 92-870-1164-8 First supplement + binder CHF50. Each subsequent supplement CHF10

Protocol on the Accession of the People’s Republic of China to the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization Done at Doha 10 November 2001 This is the official WTO certified text of the Protocol of Accession negotiated by China to become a member of the WTO. The document provides all the terms, commitments and conditions accepted by China for membership in the WTO. The Protocol includes detailed schedules on market access conditions to China for trade in both Goods and Services. This book is intended for trade specialists and for business users who need to know the market-access conditions granted by China for trade in every category of Goods and Services.

101 102 WTO activities Annex II – WTO Publications Price CHF150 Hardback ISBN 0-890-5948-05 withfulldocumentaryreferences. relevant materialintheoriginaltext, andanewchapteroninstitutional procedural matters. panels, themanyinterpretationsofGATT lawmade by disputesettlement decisions byGATT bodies, whenthe Itincludes World Trade Organizationwas1945 totheendof1994, established. records. basedonofficialdocumentary interpretationandapplicationoftherules, drafting history, GuidetoGATT LawandPractice (1995) GATT Analytical Index: ISBN 05-2178-891-9 Paperback November 2002 CHF 250 Annexes. Subsidization: CommitmentsLimiting Preferential Agricultural Part Products: IV. Part II. Non-Tariff Concessions: Otherproducts; Part III. Tariff: 2. 1.B Tariff 1.A quotas; Tariffs; Agricultural Products; 1. Most-Favoured-Nation Tariff: Part I. KinmenandMatsu(Englishonly): Penghu, of Taiwan, ScheduleCLIII– The Separate Customs FrenchTerritory andSpanishversions)with Annexes; and MatsutotheMarrakesh Agreement establishingthe World Trade Organization(English, Taipei fortrade ineverycategoryofGoodsandServices. for businessuserswhoneedtoknowthemarket accessconditionsgranted byChinese This bookisintendedfortradeTaipei specialistsand fortrade inbothGoodsandServices. The Protocolincludesdetailedschedulesonmarketthe accessconditionstoChinese WTO. andconditionsaccepted byChinese commitments Taipei formembershipin all theterms, by Chinese Taipei The documentprovides tobecomeamemberofthe WTO. Doha 11November2001 Organization Kinmen andMatsutotheMarrakesh Agreement Establishingthe World Trade Protocol onthe Accession oftheSeparate Customs Penghu,Territory of Taiwan, Also available onCD-ROM CHF 203 Hardback ISBN 0-8905-9603-4 applicable and cross-referencestotheGATT articles and Analytical Indexwhen WTO agreements, adiscussionoftherelationshiptoother excerpts ofrelevant jurisprudenceanddecisions, chronologicallyarranged generally presentthetextofparticulararticleoragreement, WTO bodies. andother the WTOapplication offindingsanddecisions WTOAppellate Body, panels, Index WTO Analytical CHF 250 Paperback ISBN 05-217-8890-0 November 2002 Annexes. CommitmentsLimitingSubsidization: Part IV.Agricultural Non-Tariff Products: Concessions: Part III. Preferential Tariff: Part II. Tariff quotas; Otherproducts; 1.B 2. Tariffs; 1.A Agricultural products; 1. Most-Favoured-Nation Tariff: I. Part ScheduleCLII–People’s RepublicofChina(Englishonly): versions) with Annexes; Can alsobeorderedfromBernanPress(co-publisher). andpresentsthe eachchapteranalyzesprecedentsandpractice, Thoroughly researched, itspans The 6theditionisthemostcompleteanduptodatepresentationofGATT law: describingthe The GATT’s ownarticle-by-articlehandbookontheGeneral Agreement, Can alsobeorderedfromCambridgeUniversityPress(co-publisher). Kinmen Protocol onthe Accession oftheSeparate Customs Penghu, Territory of Taiwan, Contents: This istheofficial WTO certifiedtextoftheProtocol Accession negotiated Can alsobeorderedfromBernan Press (co-publisher). TheseThe chapters materialispresentedinseparate chaptersforeach WTO agreement. The WTO Analytical Indexistheauthoritativeguidetointerpretationand Can alsobeorderedfromCambridgeUniversityPress(co-publisher). French andSpanish Protocol onthe Accession ofthePeople’s RepublicofChina(English, Contents: WTO Basic Instruments and Selected Documents The BISD is the official, one-stop source for documents pertaining to the operation and scope of the Word Trade Organization (WTO). It contains the Protocols for Accession for new WTO member nations along with other legal instruments. Volume 1 Publish Date: January 2001 Hardcover. ISBN 08-905-9191-1 Price CHF 110 Can also be ordered from Bernan Press (co-publisher).

GATT Basic Instruments and Selected Documents This annual series presents the principal decisions, resolutions, recommendations and reports adopted by the GATT Contracting Parties every year. A volume was published every year from 1953 up to 1994. The complete series is also available on CD-ROM. Prices and ordering details are available from William S. Hein & Company.

WTO Agreements Series The WTO’s agreements are the legal foundation for the international trading system that is used by the bulk of the world’s trading nations. This series offers a set of handy reference booklets on selected agreements. Each volume contains the text of one agreement, an explanation designed to help the user understand the text, and in some cases supplementary material. Each volume costs CHF30 Establishing the WTO – 92-870-1168-0 GATT 94 and 97 – 92-870-1165-6 Agriculture – 92-870-1171-0 Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures – ISBN 92-870-1208-3 Annual publications

World Trade Report 2004 The World Trade Report 2004 explores coherence in the linkages between trade policy, economic policy, underlying economic conditions and the institutional framework. The 2004 Report also discusses and analyzes recent trends in international trade and prospects for trade in the near-term. In addition, the Report addresses three separate policy activities WTO Publications WTO Annex II – issues of particular relevance to the international trading system: trade preferences, the temporary movement of natural persons for the purposes of trade, and geographical indications. ISBN 92-870-1240-7 Price CHF 60.00

World Trade Report 2003 The 2003 report focuses on development and gives extensive examination to the Doha Development Agenda round of global trade negotiations and states clearly that these talks hold significant potential for raising levels of development in impoverished countries. This is particularly true with respect to negotiations on agriculture and non-agricultural market access. ISBN 92-870-1230-X Price CHF 50

WTO Annual Reports The Annual report of the WTO focuses on the regular activities of the organization and details of its current structure, staff and budget. The Annual report is published in the first half of each year. Annual Report 2004 – ISBN 92-870-1239-3 Annual Report 2003 – ISBN 92-870-1223-4 Price CHF 50 per report

International Trade Statistics This report provides comprehensive, statistics on trade in merchandise and commercial services for an assessment of world trade flows by country, region and main product groups or service categories. Some 250 tables and charts depict trade developments from various perspectives and provide a number of long-term time series. Major trade developments are summarized and

103 104 WTO activities Annex II – WTO Publications Guide andhandbookseries Price CHF50 International Trade Statistics2002–ISBN92-870-1235-0 International Trade Statistics2003–ISBN92-870-1225-3 November 2002 tables. in Appendix Detailedtrade statisticsareprovided discussed inthefirstpartofreportunderOverview. Price CHF300 Hardback September 2001 ISBN 90-411-9775-3 specialists inthe WTO Secretariat. The papers werewrittenby identify prevalent formsoftrade restriction ordiscrimination. andsome Inmanycasestheysuggestareas of furtherwork, sources offurtherinformation. thepatternofcommitmentsunder GATS andthey provide definition andclassification, problemsof theways inwhich theyareregulatedandtraded, particular servicessectors, The papersintheGuideconsidereconomicimportanceof liberalization ofservicestrade. Italsoexaminessomeoftheissuesgovernmentswillconfrontastheypursue trade. Guide totheGATS Price CHF30 Paperback ISBN 90-411-9886-5 September 2002 working library ofpeopleeverywhereconcernedwithinternationaltrade. Itissuretofindaplaceinthe government officialsconfrontedwithadisputabletrade issue. or businesspeople, isaneasy-to-usebookandideal starting-pointforlawyers, progress, Peter Gallagher Guide toDisputeSettlement Price CHF144 ISBN 05-218-3042-7 September 2003 for grasping theintricaciesofanti-dumpingproceedings. explanationsandguidance providinganexpositionofwell-sourced information, provisions, the majorareasarisinginanti-dumpinginvestigationsasembodiedrelevant WTO This handbookcovers trade policyandhasbecomeasourceoftensionbetweencountries. A Handbookon Anti-Dumping Investigations Price CHF65 ISBN0-521602920 Paperback: Price CHF160 ISBN0521841925 Hardback: June 2004 Co-published withCambridgeUniversityPress. settlement system. practitioners aswelltothosewanting togainabasicunderstandingofthedispute Itsdetailed content willbeusefultoexpert 1995. into forceon1January, have arisenintheoperation ofthe WTO disputesettlementsystemsinceitsentry A HandbookonDisputeSettlement Peter Gallagher Guide tothe WTO andDevelopingCountries The International Trade Statisticsisalsoavailable onacd-rom. Can alsobeorderedfromKluwer Law International(co-publisher). This guide providesanassessmentofrecentdevelopmentsinmajorsectorsservices An OverviewofIssuesforFurtherLiberalization of Trade inServices. Can alsobeorderedfromKluwerLawInternational(co-publisher). orrespondingtoacasealreadyin This guidetobringingacasebeforethe WTO, Can alsobeorderedfromCambridgeUniversityPress(co-publisher). The subjectofantidumpingprocedureshasreceivedgrowingattentionininternational Can alsobeorderedfromCambridgeUniversityPress(co-publisher). This guidehasbeenpreparedbythe WTO Secretariattoexplainthepractices that This isthesecondeditioninseriesof WTO guidespublished byKluwer. Developing countries comprise two thirds off the WTO membership. In order to ensure equitable participation of these countries in the benefits of the global trading system, the GATT Uruguay Round Agreements that created the WTO accorded special and differential treatment to developing countries. The provisions are covered in the guide and include: market access, dispute settlement, trade policy reviews, foreign direct investment, environment and labour issues and technical assistance. The guide also includes case studies on how WTO members are making progress in working with the obligations and the benefits of the WTO Agreements. September 2000 ISBN 90-411-9799-0 Price CHF 134 Can also be ordered from Kluwer Law International (co-publisher).

Guide to the Uruguay Round Agreements This publication is the only official and comprehensive explanation by the WTO of the Uruguay Round treaties. It helps readers to navigate the complexities of well over 20,000 pages of decisions, agreements, and commitments arising out of the negotiations. Features of this work include: a straightforward explanation of each agreement with cross-references to the provisions of the legal texts and associated decisions; concise introductory notes explaining each agreement’s purpose and providing sufficient background to put the agreements in context; and the WTO Secretariat’s own analysis of the significance and likely impact of the commitments on goods and services. December 1998 ISBN 90-411-1125-5 Price CHF 30 Can also be ordered from Kluwer Law International (co-publisher).

Tariff Negotiations and Renegotiations under the GATT and the WTO – Procedures and Practices Anwarul Hoda The procedures and practices to implement the provisions relating to tariff negotiations and renegotiations have evolved considerably since the GATT was established in 1947. The provisions themselves have undergone some changes in the last fifty-four years. Professor Hoda reviews the evolution of these provisions and of the procedures adopted and practices followed by the contracting parties to GATT 1947 and the Members of the WTO. He offers some conclusions and recommendations. This new book will be of particular interest to negotiators including Geneva based delegations, members of government trade ministries, activities WTO Publications WTO Annex II – economists, and all academics who specialize in trade policy. October 2001 ISBN 0-521-80449-3 Price CHF 110 Can also be ordered from Cambridge University Press (co-publisher).

The Internationalization of Financial Services – Issues and Lessons for Developing Countries The Internationalization of financial services is an important issue for the strengthening and liberalizing financial systems in developing countries. There has been considerable support for the view that internationalization can assist countries in building financial systems that are more stable and efficient by introducing international standards and practices. At the same time, there have been concerns about the risks that internationalization may carry for some countries, particularly in the absence of adequate regulatory structures. The chapters in this book examine different aspects of this debate, the relative benefits and costs of internationalization, and together provide an insight into the diversity and significance of the effects of internationalization on domestic financial systems. November 2001 ISBN 90-411-9817-2 Price CHF 200 Can also be ordered from Kluwer Law International (co-publisher).

Trade, Development and the Environment In recent years the relationships between trade and the environment, and trade and development, have become increasingly complex. The need to reconcile the competing demands of economic growth, economic development, and environmental protection has become central to the multilateral trade agenda. In this volume various commentators debate the role of the World Trade Organization and other institutions in addressing these

105 106 WTO activities Annex II – WTO Publications Price CHF150 Hardback ISBN 90-411-1126-3 December 1998 thefinalachievementinmanyinstancessurpassedoriginalgoals. years, afterseven setbacks andsuccessesofeachstagesectorthenegotiationshow, turns, andthetwists, whattheparticipantcountriessought, Uruguay Roundcameabout, Itsoundsimpossibleanditalmostwas. limit –fouryears. Andgivethematime- – notonlyforgoodsbutservicesandintellectualpropertyaswell. Givethemamandatetoreachagreementonnewrulesformoreopenmarkets interest. John Croome Reshaping the World Trading System–Secondedition Printing onDemand Price CHF100 ISBN 90-411-9804-0 November 2000 Development. on the TradeWorld Trade andtheEnvironment Trade OrganizationinMarch1999, and The bookarisesfromthepaperspresentedattwoHighLevelSymposiahostedby challenges. Price CHF50.00 Paperback ISBN 05-2101-077-2 March 2001 be usedassourceofinterpretation. These additionsdonotform partofthelegaltextsandthereforeshouldnot WTO Secretariat. andcross-referencesasubjectindexhavebeenaddedbythe grouped bysubject-matter, thetextshavebeen under the ToAgreement Establishingthe facilitatetheiruse, WTO. A CollectionofLegal Texts WTO DisputeSettlementProcedures –2ndEdition Price CHF65 ISBN 0-521602920 May 2004 wanting togainabasicunderstandingofthedisputesettlementsystem. Itsdetailedcontent willbeusefultoexpertpractitioners aswelltothose 1995. 1 January, arisen intheoperation ofthe WTO disputesettlementsystemsinceitsentryintoforceon A HandbookonDisputeSettlement Dispute SettlementPublications Special Studies publisher). needed bystudentsworldwidetakingcoursesininternationaleconomic ortrade law. Marrakesh Agreement. concerning therightsandobligationsof WTO membersundertheprovisionsof indisputes aswellarbitration awards, Panel and Appellate Bodyreports, Dispute SettlementReports Can alsobeorderedfromKluwerLawInternational(co-publisher). ofhowandwhythe livelyandnon-technicalterms, toldinfrank, This isthestory, eachbentonvigorouslyseekingitsownself- Take 120governmentandterritories, Please orderdirectlyfromKluwerLawInternational(co-publisher). Can alsobeorderedfromCambridgeUniversityPress(co-publisher). This volumecontainsacollectionofthelegaltextsrelatedtosettlement ofdisputes Can alsobeorderedfromCambridgeUniversityPress(co-publisher). Co-published withCambridgeUniversityPress(co-publisher). This guidehasbeenpreparedbythe WTO Secretariattoexplainthepractices thathave All DisputeSettlementReportscan alsobeorderedfromCambridgeUniversityPress(co- Prices vary dependingonyearandvolume. and An essentialadditiontothelibrary ofallpractising andacademictrade lawyers, The Dispute SettlementReportsofthe World Trade Organization(WTO) include These are theonly WTO authorized andpaginatedreportsinEnglish. All specialstudiescanbedownloaded freeofchargefromourwebsite. Special Study No. 7 – Adjusting to Trade Liberalization; The Role of Policy, Institutions and WTO Disciplines This study seeks to identify tools at the disposal of governments to smooth adjustment, to minimize an economy’s adjustment costs and to alleviate the burden of those who suffer most. April 2003 ISBN 92-870-1232-6 Price CHF 30

WTO Agreements and Public Health This joint study by the World Health Organization and the World Trade Organization Secretariat on the relationship between trade rules and public health. The 171-page study WTO Agreements and Public Health explains how WTO Agreements relate to different aspects of health policies. It is meant to give a better insight into key issues for those who develop, communicate or debate policy issues related to trade and health. The study covers areas such as drugs and intellectual property rights, food safety, tobacco and many other issues which have been subject to passionate debate. In this joint effort, the first of its kind, WHO and the WTO Secretariat endeavour to set out the facts. September 2002 ISBN 92-870-1223-7 Price CHF 30

Special Study No. 6 – Market Access: Unfinished Business The WTO Secretariat study profiles post-Uruguay Round market access conditions in three areas – industrial tariffs, agriculture and services, the latter two of which are already the subject of ongoing negotiations. The detailed study is intended as a comprehensive resource for negotiators and the interested public. May 2001 ISBN 92-870-1217-2 Price CHF 30

Special Study No. 5 – Trade, Income disparity and Poverty A WTO study, which is based on two expert reports commissioned by the WTO Secretariat, aims to clarify the interface between trade, global income disparity, and poverty. Professor Dan Ben-David of Tel Aviv University, takes an in-depth look at the linkages between trade, economic growth, and income disparity among nations. Professor L Alan

Winters of University of Sussex, discusses the various channels by which trade may affect the activities WTO Publications WTO Annex II – income opportunities of poor people. The publication also includes a non-technical overview of the two expert reports. June 2000 ISBN 92-870-1215-6 Price CHF 30

Special Study No. 4 – Trade and the Environment A study by the WTO which addresses several key questions related to the environment: Is economic integration through trade and investment a threat to the environment? Does trade undermine the regulatory efforts of governments to control pollution and resource degradation? Will economic growth driven by trade help us to move towards a sustainable use of the world’s environmental resources? The study goes on to show that trade could play a positive role in this process by facilitating the diffusion of environment-friendly technologies around the world and is backed up by the five case studies on chemical-intensive agriculture, deforestation, global warming, acid rain, and overfishing. October 1999 ISBN 92-870-1211-3 Price CHF 30

Special Study No. 3 – Trade, Finance and Financial Crises This study by the WTO explains the basic links between trade and the financial sector, and how financial crises are interrelated with trade. It explains how weak financial systems and financial instability disrupt the flow of goods and services and why protectionism undermines financial stability. Finally, the study examines the rile of the WTO framework of multilateral trade rules in underpinning a sound international economic order and demonstrates that the WTO framework and the international financial system are interdependent elements of one global economic order, where trade cannot flourish without financial development and stability, and financial stability is

107 108 WTO activities Annex II – WTO Publications Price CHF30 ISBN 92-870-1198-2 March 1998 developing countries. includingfor extraordinary expansionofopportunitiesthatelectroniccommerceoffers, The bookdescribesthe as wellthepotentialbenefitsoftrade viatheInternet. new formofcommerce. background informationfor WTO memberswhoarenowdevelopingpolicyresponsestothis The studywas writtenasameansofproviding the Internetforcommercialpurposes. 2–Electronic Commerce andtheRoleof WTO Special StudyNo. Price CHF30 ISBN 92-870-1210-5 October 1999 financial crises. The studyalsoincludescasestudiesonpast unlikely toprevail withouttrade. Price CHF20 ISBN 92-870-1238-5 financial crisessuchastheonewhichaffectedemergingeconomiesin1990s. institutions tomeetdemandforcross-borderanddomesticshort-termtrade financeduring Financial Crises 2–Improving the Availability of TradeDiscussion Paper No. Financeduring Price CHF20 ISBN 92-870-1242-2 their exports. andconcludesthatvolatilityisreducedifsmalleconomiesdiversify economies, Export Concentration matter 3–Income Volatility inSmallandDevelopingEconomies: Discussion Paper No. Staff DiscussionPapers Price CHF30 ISBN 92-870-2189-2 August 1997 benefits ofitstrade liberalization. understand someofthecharacteristics ofthefinancialservicessectorandappreciatefull members havealreadyachievedinpreviousnegotiations. andassesseswhat WTO analyzeswhatisatstake, the financialservicesnegotiations, GATS 1–OpeningMarkets inFinancialServicesandtheRoleof Special StudyNo. oauayue ntaengtain.Itsnearly2000entries coverinsimplelanguagenot vocabulary usedintrade negotiations. This isanaccessible guidetothe layperson andnewcomerstotrade policytopenetrate. Butthelanguageusedbytrade negotiatorscan be difficultforthe attention thanever. WTO Dictionaryof Trade Policy Terms Reference Works ISBN 92-870-1231-8 developed countries. developing andleast- negotiators atDohaandlooksspecificissuesfacingdeveloped, 1 –Industrial Tariffs andtheDohaDevelopment Discussion PaperAgenda No. urn susa h T.Thesecurrent issuesatthe papersareavailable forfreeonthe WTO. WTO website. rte yata feooit rmteWOSceait itidentifiesthe complexities Written byateamofeconomistsfromthe WTO Secretariat, The secondstudyexaminesthepotentialtrade gainsfromthe rapidly increasinguseof This paperexploresthereasonsbehindfailurebyprivate markets andother This paperexaminestheeffectofexportconcentration onincomevolatilityinsmall andboxes tohelpthereader charts, This 50-pagestudycontainsdetailedtables, This firstpublicationinaseriesofspecialstudiesexploressometheissuessurrounding The multilateral trading systemrepresented bytheGATT andthe WTO isattracting more Only available asadownloadablefilefromthe WTO Website. thepaperfocusesonbasicmandategivento Containing manytablesandcharts, These areregularlyproducedpaperswrittenbymembersofthe WTO secretariaton only traditional GATT and WTO concepts, but also many of the trade-related activities, outcomes and terms used in other international organizations, such as UNCTAD, OECD, the Food and Agricultural Organization among others. It also explains the rules governing the formation of free-trade areas. Newer trade issues and developing-country concerns receive generous space. Its entries span the period from about 1947 when the GATT was formed to the present. Its emphasis is on current and recent developments. March 2003 ISBN 0-521-53825-4 Price CHF 48 Can also be ordered from Cambridge University Press (co-publisher).

Trade Policy Reviews Surveillance of national trade policies is a fundamentally important activity running throughout the work of the WTO. At the centre of this work is the Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM). All WTO members are reviewed, the frequency of each country’s review varying according to its share of world trade.

Trade Policy Reviews carried out in 2003 Turkey, Chile, Thailand, Haiti, Guyana, Bulgaria, Honduras, Senegal, Niger, Indonesia, Morocco, New Zealand, SACU, Burundi, Canada, El Salvador, Maldives. Each volume costs CHF 105. Can also be ordered from Bernan Press (co-publisher). CD-ROMs

Complete Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations This unique CD-ROM contains the complete legal texts and market-opening commitments of the 125 countries who participated in the 1986-94 Uruguay Round. It includes the capability to organize information for specific countries or country groups. The material covers 30,000 pages of legal text covering goods, services, trade-related intellectual property rights, dispute settlement and individual countries’ schedules of commitments in the goods and services areas. Updated for Windows 2000 and XP. February 1996 Trilingual

ISBN 92-870-0145-6 activities WTO Publications WTO Annex II – Price CHF 1000 (Single User); CHF 2000 (LAN Licence)

WTO Agreements on CD-ROM: The Legal Texts and Schedules: Services This CD-ROM, co-published with Cambridge University Press, contains the updated schedules of services commitments and/or MFN exemptions for WTO member countries to the year 2000 in English, plus the English, French and Spanish versions of the WTO Legal Texts. The following equipment is recommended. PC with Intel 486 (or compatible) processor (Pentium recommended) with Windows 95, 98 or NT4). Hard Disc: minimum 28 mb free. Display: minimum 800 × 600. Double-speed CD-ROM drive. Includes FOLIO software. March 2002 ISBN 0521796458 Price CHF 800 Can also be ordered from Cambridge University Press (co-publisher).

CD-ROM: International Trade Statistics 2003 The figures have been compiled and analyzed by the WTO’s economists and statisticians. The electronic version offers the user the opportunity to examine international trade figures by country, region, and economic sector. It includes search and graphics capabilities, permitting the researchers to examine data in chart, table, or graphical formats, and even to create their own analyses from the database. March 2004 Price CHF 120 Can also be ordered from Bernan Press (co-publisher).

WTO Analytical Index CD-ROM Researchers can use this CD-ROM as a guide to the to the interpretation and application of findings and decisions of WTO panels, the WTO Appellate Body, and other WTO bodies.

109 110 WTO activities Annex II – WTO Publications Price CHF165 ISBN 0890598738 March 2004 and2001reports. 2000, andtheFrench andSpanishtextofthe1999, 2001 and2002reports, The CD-ROMprovidestheEnglishtextof Organization (WTO) between1999and2002. policies andpractices ofthetwenty-eightmembercountriesmadeby the World Trade Trade Policy ReviewCD-ROM Price CHF200 ISBN 0890598630 March 2004 applicable. andcross-referencestotheGATT Analytical Indexwhen other articlesand WTO agreements; discussionsoftherelationshipsto arranged excerptsofrelevant jurisprudenceanddecisions; chronologically This CD-ROMpresentsthetextofparticulararticlesoragreements; CD-ROMs –ComputerBased Training Price CHF835–Multiple-usernetworklicence Price CHF700–Singleusernetworklicence ISBN 089-059-101-6 May 1998 people onacomputernetwork. thedatacanalsobeaccessedbyseveral With amultiple-userlicence, and shelfspace. savingbothtime helping theusertoconductsophisticatedresearchquicklyandefficiently, turns thelargelibrary ofdocumentsintoahighlyaccessibleandusefultoolforresearch. French andSpanish–ononeCD-ROM. English, GATT BasicInstrumentsandSelectedDocuments CD-ROM: Price CHF200 ISBN 92-870-1181-8 March 1998 English only withfulldocumentaryreferences. original text, andpresentstherelevant materialinthe each chapteranalysesprecedentsandpractice, Thoroughly researched, andanewchapteroninstitutional procedural matters. panels, themanyinterpretationsofGATT lawmadebydisputesettlement decisions byGATT bodies, whenthe Itincludes World Trade Organizationwas1945 totheendof1994, established. records. basedonofficialdocumentary interpretationandapplicationoftherules, drafting history, AnalyticalIndex GuidetoGATT LawandPractice: CD-ROM: Price CHF30 ISBN 92-870-1225-3 August 2002 the WTO InternetsitesandonCD-ROM. Resources. It isdesignedtohelptrade officialsrefreshorimprovetheirskillsusing WTO information fromthe WTO Website offromother WTO electronicmedia. CBT on Accessing WTO Electronic Information simple step-by-stepmanner. CD-ROM moduleisdesignedtoguidetheuserthroughcomplex WTO agreementsin a Can alsobeorderedfromBernanPress(co-publisher). compareandcontrast thereviewsoftrade This CD-ROMisanefficienttooltolocate, Can alsobeorderedfromBernanPress(co-publisher). Can alsobeorderedfromBernan Associates (co-publisher). with itsstate-of-the-artsearchingmechanisms, The CD-ROMincludesFolio 4software, thisdiskusestechnologythat Jointly developedbyBernan Associates andthe WTO, The entireGATT BasicInstrumentsandSelectedDocuments(BISD)–all42volumesin itspans The 6theditionisthemostcompleteandup-to-datepresentationofGATT law: describingthe The GATT’s ownarticle-by-articlehandbook ontheGeneral Agreement, It providesstep-by-stepinstructions onhowtoaccess WTO On-lineinformationthrough A guidetothemostcommontasksthatusersencounterwhenobtaining The following arenowavailable: Each This isa seriesofeasy-to-useinteractive guidesto WTO Agreements onCD-ROM. CBT on Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures This module, which covers the WTO Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, includes text, video and audio material and is complemented by a multiple-choice test to enable users to monitor their individual progress. The complete text of the Agreement is also included. Trilingual February 2003 ISBN 92-870-0222-3 Price CHF 75

CBT on Textiles Agreement The CD includes text, video and audio material and is complemented by a multiple-choice test to enable users to monitor their individual progress. The complete text of the Agreement is also included. Trilingual September 1998 ISBN 92-870-0211-8 Price CHF 75

CBT on the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) The CD is a training course on the GATS, using text and interactive methods to enable users to acquire a detailed knowledge of this agreement. It includes a library of documents on the GATS, including the basic Agreement. Trilingual February 2003 ISBN 92-870-0027-4 Price CHF 75.00 Videos

To the heart of the WTO This video opens up the system in a simple and lively way. It looks at the experience and motivation of two very different countries: Brazil, a large and developing nation, and Norway, a small but economically advanced State. Both have big trade interests and are active in the WTO. January 2003 Price CHF 30 WTO activities WTO Publications WTO Annex II – Solving Trade Disputes This video explains how trade disputes between WTO Members are solved through the dispute settlement system. The first part of the video explains how the dispute settlement system was created by WTO members during the 1986-1994 Uruguay round of global trade talks and how the system operates. The process is clearly illustrated in the second part of the video using specific cases. Length 30 minutes. Available in English, French and Spanish. November 1999 Price CHF 30

Trading into the future Essential viewing for those who want to understand international trade and the role of the World Trade Organization. A taster of the system’s importance. November 1995, Length 25 minutes Price CHF 25

From GATT to WTO – Achievements and Challenges This video explains for a wide audience the role played by GATT and the new WTO over the past 50 years. It traces the evolution of the trading system and looks at how the system works. It includes comments from people of a wide range of backgrounds. May 1998 Length 17 minutes Price CHF 15 Free publications

All free publications can be downloaded from the WTO website. If you require colour versions, please email [email protected]

111 112 WTO activities Annex II – WTO Publications can browsethehtmlversionon WTO website. WTO You areoftenbasedonfundamentalmisunderstandingsoftheway the WTO works. Criticismsofthe theenvironmentanddevelopment?Emphaticallyno. concerns ofhealth, 10 CommonMisunderstandings aboutthe WTO version onthe WTO website. The WTO inBriel March 2003 written specificallyfornon-specialists. does, Understanding the WTO [email protected] www.bernan.com (800)274-4447 Tel: USA MD20706-4391 Lanham, Drive 4611-F Assembly Bernan Press Contacts forco-publishers Association. available onthe WTO websiteandoftheCommonwealthParliamentary Itisalso Caribbean Parliamentarians heldinCape Town andPort-of-Spain in2003. basedonregionalworkshopsfor African and booklet onthemultilateral trading system, as electronicversion). Report ontheCPA/WTO Regional Workshops forParliamentarians can browsethehtmlversionon WTO website. You debunks someofthemythsandfalsehoodsaboutGATS andthenewnegotiations. This booklet negotiations aimedatfurtherliberalization oftheglobalservicesmarket. GATS Fact andFiction Council dealingwithimplementationoftheDohaDevelopment Agenda. Alsoincludedarerelevant documentsofthe WTO General Members attheDohaMinisterial. The DohaDeclarations WTO website. You canbrowsethehtmlversionon othersnotsoobvious. some well-known, a morepeacefulworld–the WTO andthetrading systemofferarange ofbenefits, 10 Benefitsofthe WTO Tel:++31 703081501 The Netherlands Hague 2508 The PO Box 85889 Kluwer LawInternational http://uk.cambridge.org/ [email protected] 44 1223325150 Fax: 441223326083 Tel: UK Cambridge CB22RU, The Edinburgh Building, Publishing Division Customer ServicesDept., Cambridge University Press Is itadictatorialtooloftherichandpowerful?Doesdestroyjobs?ignore YouA startingpointforessentialinformationaboutthe canbrowsethehtml WTO. andwhatit howitworks, whyitwas created, whatitis, An introductiontothe WTO, http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/whatis_e.htm. The WTO andCommonwealthParliamentary Association havepublishedanew over140 WTO membersgovernmentshavebeenengagedin Since January 2000, This bookletcontainsthefulltextsofDeclarations andDecisions adoptedby WTO to From themoneyinourpockets andthegoodsservicesthatweuse, (available only Fax:++31 70 3081515 www.kluwerlaw.com email:[email protected]

William S. Hein & Company 1285 Main Street Buffalo, New York 14209-1987 Phone: 1-716-882-2600 Fax: 1-716-883-8100 www.wshein.com

Éditions Yvon Blais C.P. 180, Cowansville (Québec) Canada J2K 3H6 [email protected] Phone: 1 (450) 266-1086 www.editionsyvonblais.com WTO activities WTO Publications WTO Annex II –

113

Chapter Three

ORGANIZATION, SECRETARIAT AND BUDGET 116 Organization, Secretariat and budget The organization The organization Secretariat andbudget Organization, General Council. The TNC operates undertheauthorityof TNC anditssubsidiariesonarange ofsubjects. The Declaration providesthemandatefornegotiationsin WTO Ministerial Conference. being studiedbyvarious councilsandcommittees. Electroniccommerceis competition policyandtransparency ingovernmentprocurement. trade and trade andinvestment, trade regional agreements, membership applications, development, individual agreementsandotherimportantareassuchastheenvironment, Council reporttotheGeneral Council. ServicesCounciland Trade-Related Aspects ofIntellectualProperty(TRIPS) Goods Council, the as the Trade Atthenextlevel, Policy ReviewBody andtheDisputeSettlementBody. The General Councilalsomeets usually representedbyambassadorsorheadsofdelegations. the highest-level WTO decision-makingbodyistheGeneral CouncilwhereMembersare Intheintervals betweensessionsoftheMinisterialConference, least onceeverytwoyears. typicallybyconsensus. in the WTO aremadebytheentiremembership, Decisions Nearly30applicantsarenegotiatingtobecomeMembersofthe WTO. territories. Membersaremostlygovernmentsbutcanalsobecustoms complete listofMembers). training programmes, The WTOpolicy. ispursuingthisobjectiveby: transparency andpredictabilityintheconductoftrade These rulesfosternon-discrimination, trade policywhichhelpinternationaltrade toexpandwithaviewraising livingstandards. the Second World The War. WTO’s mainobjectiveistheestablishmentofrulesforMembers’ Agreement on Tariffs whichhadbeenestablished(1947)inthewake and of Trade (GATT), A Trade NegotiationsCommittee(TNC)was setupbytheDohaDeclaration atthefourth working groupsandworkingpartiesdealwiththe Numerous specializedcommittees, The which meetsat WTO’s topleveldecision-makingbodyistheMinisterialConference, accountingfor90%ofworldtrade (seeinsidecoverfora The WTO has146Members, Cooperating withotherinternationalorganizations. - throughtechnicalassistanceand Assistingdevelopingcountriesintrade policyissues, - Reviewingnationaltrade policies, - Settlingtrade disputes, - Actingasaforumfortrade negotiations, - Administeringtrade agreements, - The asthesuccessortoGeneral World Trade Organizationcameintobeingin1995, Textiles MonitoringBody,andplurilateralcommittees. All WTOMembersmayparticipateinallcouncils,committees,etc,exceptAppellateBody,DisputeSettlementpanels, WTO structure The GeneralCouncilalsomeetsastheTradePolicyReviewBodyandDisputeSettlement Body General Councilmeetingas Key Technology Trade andTransferof Trade, DebtandFinance Procurement Transparency inGovernment TradeandCompetitionPolicy the Interactionbetween TradeandInvestment the Relationshipbetween Working groupson Accession Working partyon andAdministration Budget, Finance Restrictions Balance ofPayments Regional TradeAgreements Trade andDevelopment Trade andEnvironment Committees on Developed Countries Subcommittee onLeast- Trade PolicyReview Body Reporting toDisputeSettlementBody Reporting toGeneralCouncil(orasubsidiary) Bodies establishedbytheTradeNegotiationsCommittee not everyWTOMemberisaparticipanttothisCommittee This CommitteeinformstheCouncilforTradeinGoodsofitsactivitiesalthough agreements arenotsignedbyallWTOMembers Plurilateral committeesinformtheGeneralCounciloftheiractivitiesalthoughthese Dispute Settlementpanels General Councilmeetingas Products InformationTechnology theExpansionofTradein Committee ofParticipantson Dispute Settlement Trade inGoods Council for Appellate Body Body State-Trading Enterprises Working partyon Textiles MonitoringBody Safeguards Measures Trade-Related Investment Import Licensing Rules ofOrigin Customs Valuation Anti-Dumping Practices Measures Subsidies andCountervailing Technical BarrierstoTrade Measures Sanitary andPhytosanitary Agriculture Market Access Committees on Trade-Related Aspects Property Rights of Intellectual Ministerial Conference Council for General Council Committees on GATS Rules Domestic Regulation Working partieson Specific Commitments Trade inFinancialServices Council forTrade Plurilaterals in Services Procurement Committee onGovernment Aircraft Committee onTradeinCivil Trade Negotiations Development,SpecialSession Committee onTradeand SpecialSession Committee onAgriculture, SpecialSession Dispute SettlementBody, Session Council forTRIPS,Special Environment,SpecialSession Committee onTradeand Negotiating GrouponRules Access Negotiating GrouponMarket SpecialSession Council forTradeinServices, Committee 117 Organization, Secretariat and budget The organization 118 Organization, Secretariat and budget Secretariat Secretariat hyaeapitdt orya em andmaybereappointedonce. They areappointedtoafour-year term, consists ofindividualswithrecognizedstandinginthefieldslawandinternationaltrade. The seven-member TheAppellate Body Appellate BodyhasitsownSecretariat. panels. Governing theSettlementofDisputestoconsiderappealsdecisionsbydisputesettlement French andSpanish. languages ofthe WTO areEnglish, The working total staffcomplementiscomposedalmostequallyofmenandwomen. The humanresourcesandlanguageservices. finance, includinginformatics, support services, There isalsoasubstantialnumberofpersonnelworkingin in internationaltrade policy. lawyersandotherswithaspecialization professional staffiscomposedmostlyofeconomists, governments wishingtobecomeMembersofthe WTO. provides someformsoflegalassistanceinthedisputesettlementprocessandadvises The Secretariatalso public andthemediatoorganizeministerialconferences. toprovideinformationthe tomonitorandanalyzedevelopmentsinworldtrade, countries, toprovidetechnicalassistancefordeveloping the various councilsandcommittees, Itsmaindutiesaretosupplytechnicalandprofessionalsupportfor decision-making powers. theSecretariathasno Since decisionsaretaken byMembersonly, a Director-General. The Appellate Bodywas establishedbytheUnderstandingonRulesandProcedures The The Secretariatstaffof601includesindividualsrepresentingabout60nationalities. has601regularstaffandisheadedby withofficesonlyinGeneva, The WTO Secretariat, WTO Secretariat Organization Chart – January 2004

Director-General Supachai Panitchpakdi

Office of the Director-General Textiles Monitoring Body Appellate Body S. Harbinson A. Szepesi V. Hughes Chairman

Deputy Director-General Deputy Director-General Deputy Director-General Deputy Director-General R. Abbott K. Rana F. Thompson-Flôres R. Yerxa

Administration and General Services Development Agriculture and Commodities Accessions J. Chabert A. Campeas F. Wolter A. Hussain

Information Council and TNC and Media Relations Economic Research E. Rogerson Informatics and Statistics K. Rockwell G. Karam P. Low

External Relations Legal Affairs A. Frank B. Wilson Language Services Institute for Training and Documentation and Technical Cooperation N. Johnstone P. Rolian Intellectual Property Rules A. Otten J. Woznowski

Market Access Technical Cooperation Audit C.L. Guarda J. Vigano Trade and Finance Trade in Services R. Eglin H. Mamdouh

Textiles Trade and Environment C. Osakwe V. Kulacoglu

Trade Policies Review C. Boonekamp 119 Organization, Secretariat and budget Secretariat 120 Organization, Secretariat and budget Secretariat ibbe11 4 9 3 24 1 5 1 4 80 2 6 2 16 37 4 2 41 3 61 1 7 1 1 1 4 8 22 1 2 2 2 3 22 5 19 3 6 9 2 15 2 1 2 19 3 1 2 1 3 1 4 Zimbabwe 1 5 7 1 Venezuela 2 6 1 Uruguay 2 3 2 United States United Kingdom 2 3 1 5 Turkey 1 Tunisia 1 2 1 1 Thailand 2 4 1 Switzerland 1 13 Sweden 1 11 Sri Lanka 13 4 Spain 5 1 3 5 South Africa 1 Senegal 6 1 2 1 Rwanda 1 4 9 1 Romania 3 6 Portugal 1 Poland 3 16 Philippines 7 1 1 4 155 Peru 1 1 2 2 Paraguay 5 7 Norway 1 Nigeria 3 6 1 New Zealand 2 75 1 Netherlands 1 2 Morocco 2 3 Mexico Mauritius 10 1 Malaysia 80 1 3 Malawi Republicof Korea, 3 Kenya Japan 1 Italy 1 Ireland India Hungary Hong Kong Honduras Greece Ghana Germany France Finland Estonia Egypt Ecuador Denmark Cuba ot ia11 6 5 6 1 27 1 6 4 3 1 3 1 4 9 6 1 3 11 6 1 2 3 7 2 Total 18 3 3 5 1 2 1 1 F 2 3 6 Cote d 5 Costa Rica theDemocratic Republicofthe M Congo, Colombia China Chile Canada Cameroon Brazil Bolivia Benin Belgium Austria Australia Argentina Country Table ofregular staffbynationality Table III.1 rn oa 9 0 601 303 298 Grand Total ’ vie11 1 Ivoire T ertra:Divisions WTO Secretariat: h T.Therethe areatpresent25 WTO. Accession workingpartiesinoperation. andtoactasafocalpointinwideningthescope geographical coverage of and services; multilateral trading systemthroughtheeffective liberalization oftheirtrade regimesingoods states andentitiesrequestingaccessiontothe WTO byencouraging theirintegration intothe Accessions Division Functional divisions onre;dealing withmattersrelatedtotrade infisheriesandforestry productsaswell Countries; Effects oftheReformProgramme onLeast-DevelopedandNetFood-Importing Developing implementation oftheMinisterial Decision onMeasuresConcerningthePossible Negative Otheractivitiesofthedivisionincludesupportfor the servicing theSPSCommittee. includingby the Agreement onthe Application ofSanitaryandPhytosanitary Measures, The workofthedivisionencompasses tofacilitateimplementationof in anefficientmanner. reviewing thesecommitmentsbytheCommitteeon Agriculture isorganized andconducted includingbyensuringthattheprocessformultilaterally and commitmentsonagriculture, thedivisionprovidessupportinimplementationofexisting WTO rules Furthermore, Agriculture andCommoditiesDivision Director-General ordirectlytotheDirector-General. Divisionsarenormallyheaded byaDirectorwhoreportstoDeputy and supportroles. rn oa 7 76608* 14 6 27 16 34 8 4 15 1 2 10 17 575 1 1 13 1 1 15 17 1 1 5 1 1 15 33 15.5 7 28 3 10 Total 1 numberofregular positionsis608whiletotalstaff actuallyemployedis601. * 1 1 9 9 16 Grand Total 144 7.5 New postsandpendingconsolidation 23 1 Appellate Body 26 14 Trade Policies ReviewDivision 1 16 12.5 1 Trade inServicesDivision 8.4 50 Trade andFinanceDivision 1 Trade &EnvironmentDivision 1 16 5 Textiles MonitoringBody 14.5 1 1 27 Textiles Division 1 10 Technical Cooperation Audit 5 5 1 Rules Division 95.1 8 143 1 1 Division Market Access 6.5 22 Division Legal Affairs 1 25 Language Services&DocumentationDivision 11.5 Intellectual PropertyDivision 7.4 1 Institute for Training and Technical Cooperation 49 Information &MediaRelationsDivision 1 15 Informatics Division External RelationsDivision Economic ResearchandStatisticsDivision 9 Development Division 94.1 5 Council and TNC Division Agriculture &CommoditiesDivision Administration andGeneral ServicesDivision Accessions Division Offices oftheDeputyDirectors-General Office oftheDirectorGeneral Senior Management Distribution ofstaffpositionswithinthe WTO’s variousdivisions2004 Table III.2 The work ofthedivisionistofacilitatenegotiationsbetween WTO Membersand The division handlesallmattersrelatedtotheongoingnegotiationsonagriculture. h T ertra sognzdit iiin ihfntoa,informationandliaison The WTO Secretariatisorganizedintodivisionswithfunctional, iiin eua tf Directors Regularstaff Divisions Management Senior Total 121 Organization, Secretariat and budget WTO Secretariat: Divisions natural resource-based products; providing services for dispute settlement in the area of agriculture and SPS; providing technical assistance in all areas under its purview; and cooperation with other international organizations and the private sector.

Council and Trade Negotiations Committee Division The division provides support for sessions of the Ministerial Conference, in the work of the General Council, the Dispute Settlement Body, and the Trade Negotiations Committee. It is responsible for the preparation and servicing of relevant meetings and consultations between Ministerial sessions, for preparation of BISD supplements and for derestriction of documents.

Development Division The Development Division is the focal point for all developmental policy issues and assists the senior management and the Secretariat as a whole on issues relating to the participation of developing countries, including the least-developed among them, in the multilateral trading system. The division services the Committee on Trade and Development in regular session, as well as its dedicated sessions on small economies and its special sessions on special and differential treatment, as well as the Working Group on Trade and Transfer of Technology. It services the Sub-Committee on LDCs. It is also responsible for the Integrated Framework (IF), holds its Secretariat and is responsible for its management structure such as the Integrated Framework Working Group (IFWG) and the Integrated Framework Steering Committee (IFSC).

Economic Research and Statistics Division The division provides economic analysis and research in support of the WTO’s operational activities, including monitoring and reporting on current economic news and developments. It carries out economic research on broader policy-related topics in connection with the WTO’s work programme, as well as on other WTO-related topics of interest to delegations arising from the on-going integration of the world economy, the spread of market-oriented reforms, and the increased importance of economic issues in relations between countries. The division contributes to regularly scheduled annual publications, including the World Trade Report. Other major activities include work related to cooperation with other international organizations and the academic community through conferences, seminars and courses; preparation of special research projects on policy-related topics in the area of international trade; preparation of briefings to senior management. On the statistics side, the division supports WTO Members and the Secretariat with quantitative information in relation to economic and trade policy issues. The division is the principal supplier of WTO trade statistics through the annual “International Trade Statistics” report and Internet and Intranet sites. The division is responsible for the maintenance and development of the Integrated Data Base which supports the Market Access Committee’s information requirements in relation to tariffs. The division’s statisticians also provide Members with technical assistance in relation to the Integrated Data Base. And finally, the division plays an active role in strengthening cooperation and collaboration between international organizations in the field of merchandise and trade in services statistics, and in ensuring that WTO requirements in respect to the concepts and standards underpinning the international statistical system are met. The WTO Library supports WTO activities and research through its print and electronic collection of documents; provision of an online public access catalogue; bibliographic reference services including Internet research; inter-library loans; depository for national statistics from Member and non-Member countries as well as specific product statistics; depository of GATT/WTO documents and publications; printed archives of the Organization.

Institute for Training and Technical Cooperation The Institute’s mission is to contribute to the fuller participation of beneficiary countries in the multilateral trading system through human resource development, institutional capacity building, and increased public awareness of the multilateral trading system. It delivers

Organization, Secretariat and budget Secretariat:WTO Divisions technical cooperation and training through activities including: advisory missions; seminars and workshops on a country or regional basis, and/or technical notes on issues of interest to beneficiary countries; trade policy courses; training of trainers; outreach activities with universities; and internet based training activities. The aim is to develop better understanding of WTO rights and obligations, adaptation of national legislation and increased participation of these countries in the multilateral decision-making process. Legal advice is also be made available under Article 27.2 of the DSU. Related activities include establishing and supporting WTO Reference Centres with Internet connectivity and with training provided on how to track down trade-related sources on the Internet, particularly the WTO website; and how to use information technology tools to meet notification requirements. The Institute

122 manages trust funds provided by individual donor countries for the purpose of training and technical cooperation.

Intellectual Property The division provides service to the TRIPS Council and to dispute settlement panels; service to any negotiations that may be launched on intellectual property matters; provides assistance to WTO Members through technical cooperation, in particular in conjunction with the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), and through the provision of information/advice more generally; maintains and develops lines of communication with other intergovernmental organizations, the NGO community, intellectual property practitioners and the academic community so that they have an adequate understanding of the TRIPS Agreement and of the WTO processes. In the area of competition policy it provides service to work in the WTO on the interaction between trade and competition policy; provides technical cooperation, in conjunction with UNCTAD and other intergovernmental organizations, and information/advice more generally to WTO Members. In the area of government procurement the division provides service to work in the WTO on transparency in government procurement; provides service to the Committee established under the plurilateral Agreement on Government Procurement and to dispute settlement panels that may arise; provides technical cooperation and information/advice more generally to WTO Members.

Legal Affairs Division The principal mission of the Legal Affairs Division is to provide legal advice and information to WTO dispute settlement panels, other WTO bodies, WTO Members and the WTO Secretariat. The division’s responsibilities include providing timely secretarial and technical support and assistance on legal, historical and procedural aspects of disputes to WTO dispute settlement panels; providing regular legal advice to the Secretariat, and in particular to the Dispute Settlement Body and its Chairman, on interpretation of the Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU), WTO agreements and on other legal issues; providing legal information to WTO Members on the DSU and WTO agreements; providing legal support in respect of accessions; providing training in respect of dispute settlement procedures and on WTO legal issues through special courses on dispute settlement, regular WTO training courses and WTO technical cooperation missions; attend meetings of other organizations with WTO-related activities (e.g., IMF, OECD, Energy Charter).

Market Access Division The division works with the following WTO bodies: Council for Trade in Goods: oversees the multilateral trade agreements and ministerial decisions covering the goods sector and takes actions on the issues raised by the various committees which report to it. The CTG is also the competent body for WTO work in the area of trade facilitation. Servicing the Council includes the organization of formal meetings. The division also arranges informal meetings/consultations prior to formal meetings. Committee on Market Access: supervises the implementation of concessions relating to tariffs and non-tariff measures; provides a forum for consultation on matters relating to tariffs and non-tariff measures; oversees the application of procedures for modification or withdrawal of tariff concessions; ensures that WTO Schedules are kept up-to-date, and that modifications, including those resulting from changes in tariff nomenclature, are reflected; conducts the updating and analysis of the documentation on quantitative restrictions and other non-tariff measures, in accordance with the timetable and procedures agreed by the CONTRACTING PARTIES in 1984 and 1985 (BISD 31S/227 and 228, and BISD 32S/92 and 93); oversees the content and operation of, and access to, the Integrated Data Base and will do the same for the future Consolidated Tariff Schedules Database. Committee on Customs Valuation: Monitor and review annually the implementation of the Customs Valuation Agreement; provide service to the Committee on Customs Valuation; organizing, managing the WTO programme for technical assistance on customs valuation for developing countries that have invoked the five-year delay; cooperating with the World

Customs Organization Secretariat on providing technical assistance to developing countries Organization, Secretariat and budget WTO Secretariat: Divisions having requested a five-year delay in the implementation of the Agreement. Committee on Rules of Origin: carrying out the harmonization work programme on non- preferential rules of origin; provide service to the Committee on Rules of Origin; providing information and advice to delegations, private parties and other divisions in the Secretariat on matters relating to rules of origin. Committee on Import Licensing: Monitoring and reviewing the implementation and operation of the Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures; providing information and advice to acceding countries, delegations, private parties and other divisions in the Secretariat on matters relating to import licensing.

123 124 Organization, Secretariat and budget WTO Secretariat: Divisions continuing supportforthenegotiationsandfollow-upifnecessary. provide forreviewofproductcoverage (ITAII); tariff barriersandclassificationissues; withrespecttonon- technicalandotherwise, continuethework, implementation oftheITA; Competition (co-secretary). on Implementationofthe Agreement on Anti-Dumping and Working Groupon Trade and Ad-Hoc Working Group InformalGroupon Anti-Circumvention, Permanent GroupofExperts, Experts ontheCalculationsofSubsidiesunder Article 6.1oftheSubsidies Agreement, on InformalGroupof WorkingTrade Party onState-Trading inCivil Enterprises, Aircraft, Committee CommitteeonSafeguards, Committee onSubsidiesandCountervailing Measures, programme. andactiveparticipationinthe WTO technicalassistance the rules-area Agreements; provides providingsecretariesandlegalofficersto WTO disputesettlementpanelsinvolving counsellingandexpertadvicetoMembersconcerningtheabove Agreements; assistance, providingallnecessaryimplementation aircraft andactivelyassistingintheirimplementation; state-trading andcivil safeguards, subsidiesandcountervailing measures, of anti-dumping, This includesmonitoringimplementationofthe WTOconsultations, Agreements inthearea This includesfacilitatingnewandon-goingnegotiations serviced bytheDivision. bodies servicedbythedivisionandtoensuretheirsmoothfunctioningofall WTO bodies Rules Division Textiles MonitoringBody trade associationsandacademics. non-governmental organizations, providesinformationandadvicetointergovernmental policies andactionsinthisarea; knowledge basedondevelopmentsinworldtextilesandclothingtrade andgovernment maintainsabroad participatesin WTO training andtechnicalcooperation functions; Division; incooperation withtheLegal providesservicetoDSUpanels, Textiles MonitoringBody; contributestotheservicingof Members andcountriesintheprocessofaccession; Agreement on Textiles andClothing(ATC) andontextiletrade mattersingeneral to WTO Textiles Division assistance providedbythe WTO. Technical Cooperation Audit Division sector onissuesofmutualinterest inthisarea. andmaintainscontactswiththeprivate reports onmattersrelatedtothe TBT Agreement, The divisionfollows and panels andaccessionsexamining aspects ofthe TBT Agreement. providing Secretariatsupporttodispute providing technicalassistanceto WTO Members; ifthe TBT Committee sodecides; Working Groupon Technical Barrierstotrade (WGTBT), trade andenvironment. and dialoguewithNGOstheprivate sectoronissues ofmutualinterestinthearea The division maintainscontacts related measuresinmultilateral environmentalagreements. includingnegotiationand implementationoftrade- intergovernmental organizations(IGOs), reportingtoseniormanagementand WTO Membersondiscussionsinother Members; of theCommitteeon Trade andEnvironment(CTE)by providingtechnicalassistanceto WTO itsupportsthework For trade andenvironment, environment andtechnicalbarrierstotrade. Trade andEnvironment Division recommendations. providing detailedrationale inthe TMB inparticularby and furtherincreasingtransparency onmattersrelatedtoitsactivities, Itassiststhe TMB inpreserving the actionsspecificallyrequiredofitby ATC. to examineallmeasurestaken underthe ATC andtheirconformitytherewithtotake supervise theimplementationof Agreement on Textiles andClothing(ATC), Textiles MonitoringBody(TMB)byproviding fullservicetoitincarryingoutitstasks ensurestheefficientfunctioningof who performsthedutiesofSecretary TMB, assisted byaprofessionalofthe Textiles Division Chairman andasupportstaffmember), (ITA): h oissrie yteRlsDvso r:Committeeon Anti-Dumping Practices, The bodiesservicedbytheRulesDivisionare: The roleofthedivisionistofacilitateon-goingnegotiationsandconsultationsinall WTO The Textiles MonitoringBody(TMB) The divisionprovidestechnicaladviceandguidanceontheimplementation ofthe WTO Its responsibilityisensuringongoingmonitoringandevaluation ofallformstechnical Its workintheareaoftechnicalbarriers totrade includesprovidingservicetothe The division providesserviceandsupportto WTO committeesdealingwithtrade and Committee of Participants on the Expansion of Trade in Information Technology Products Technology Information in Trade of Expansion the on Participants of Committee rvdn ehia sitneadifraint ceigpriiat;reviewthe providing technicalassistanceandinformationtoaccedingparticipants; ’ “ s reportsontheBody unit ” of theSecretariat(composedBody ’ s findingsand ’ s policy-making. the staffofIMFand World Bankinworkrelatingtocoherenceinternational developscollaboration with activities withUNCTAD intheareaoftrade andinvestment; includingjoint assistance andexpertadvicetoMembersinGeneva andincapitals, providestechnical dispute panelsaddressingmattersfallingunderitsresponsibility; Policy-making withtheIMFand World Bank andinformalGeneral Councilmeetingson Investment, the Restrictions andon Working Groupon Trade-RelatedTrade InvestmentMeasures, and management particularlyinsupportingtheworkofCommitteesonBalance-of-Payment and symposia. used toincreasepublicaccess special eventssuchasMinisterialmeetings Webcasting ontheInternetis users everymonthfrommorethan 170countries. whilethemainInternetsiteisaccessedbyanaverage of640,000 world, feature onthe WTO website(www.wto.org) isaccessiblebyjournalistsfrom aroundthe the WTO Directory.the WTO protocol mattersincloseliaisonwiththeOfficeofDirector-General anditmaintains ItisalsoinchargeofofficialrelationswithMembersincludinghost countryand speeches. attendsmeetingsonbehalfofthe WTO anddeliverslectures relevant meetings, division actsasthefocalpointinSecretariattoensurecoordinationofattendanceat particularlywiththe TheTrade Directorate regarding substantiveissues. liaison withOECD, particular withUNNew TheYork divisionmaintains HQandwithUNCTAD andtheITC. andin tomaintainliaisonwiththeUNsystem, civil societyanditsvarious components; Itsprincipleactivitiesaretoorganizeanddevelopdialoguewiththe registry ofdocuments. also carriesoutresponsibilitiesinregardtoprotocolandthemaintenanceof WTO It with parliamentsandparliamentarians. International IntergovernmentalOrganizations, External RelationsDivision Information andliaisondivisions Trade Agreements. The divisionalsosupports theworkofCommitteeonRegional developments. division alsopreparestheDirector-General The The divisionprovidesasecretariatforthe TPRB meetings. Members arecarriedout. atwhichreviewsof prepare reportsformeetingsofthe Trade Policy ReviewBody(TPRB), Trade Policies ReviewDivision new commitments. implementation oftheGATS intermsofnotificationsandimplementationexisting monitoring providing acontinuingserviceofadviceandassistancetoGeneva delegations; and actively intechnicalcooperation andotherformsofpublicexplanationtheGATS, participating financialservicesandprofessionalservices; on basictelecommunications, facilitatingtheimplementationofresultsnegotiations Members inrelationtoservices; andforworkingpartiesonaccessionofnew in itsworkrelatingto Article V oftheGATS, anydisputesettlementpanelsinvolvingservices. the Council; anyadditionalbodiessetupunder theCommitteeonSpecificCommitments; procurement; government subsidies, disciplinesrelatingtosafeguards, Working Party onGATS Rules; the disciplinesunder Article VI:4; the Working Party onDomesticRegulation; Services; Services andotherbodiesestablishedundertheGATS includingtheCommitteeonFinancial ItalsocontinuestoprovidesupportfortheCouncil Trade in underway since2000. Trade inServicesDivision Trade andFinanceDivision understanding oftrade andthe WTO. providing publicationswhichdelegationsandthepublicdeemnecessary totheir Itsworkincludes wide range ofrelevant publicationsand an ever-improving Internetservice. a offers thepublicclearandconciseinformationthroughfrequent regularpresscontact, its disposaltobetterinformthepublicabout TheWorld division Trade Organization. Information andMediaRelationsDivision The divisionisthefocalpointforrelationswithNon-GovernmentalOrganizations, to pursuantto Annex 3ofthe TheWTO principaltaskofthe TPR Division is, Agreement, Other workincludesprovidingsupportfortheCommitteeonRegional Trade Agreements The ServicesDivisionprovidessupportforthenewroundofservicesnegotiations The division h nenti nipratvhcefrdsrbtn T nomto.The The Internetisanimportantvehiclefordistributing WTO information. As mandatedbyMemberGovernmentsthefocusofdivisionisto useallthemeansat ’ s mainobjectiveistoservicetheneedsof WTO Membersand WTO ’ s Annual Overviewoftrade policy ” The divisioncontributestotheworkof . “ Coherence inGlobalEconomic “ Newsroom ” 125 Organization, Secretariat and budget WTO Secretariat: Divisions 126 Organization, Secretariat and budget WTO budget 2004 WTO budget2004 country inthepreparation of WTO MinisterialConferences. andassistingthehost providinginformationtoseniormanagement; pension arrangements; managingthe WTO-specific salaryand Financeand Administration; Committee onBudget, ensuringtheadministrative functioningofthe providing timelyinformationtodivisions; includes monitoringthedecentralized budgetaswelltheextra-budgetary fundsand This and(d)missionsothertravel arrangements. issues relatedtothephysicalfacilities, (c)logistical implementation ofpersonnelpoliciesandtraining programmes forthestaff, developmentand staffcounselling, contract, resources mattersrelatingtorecruitment, (b)human andpayroll, accounting, includingbudgetpreparation andcontrol, matters, Administration and General ServicesDivision Support divisions The WTO Appellate Body The WTO Appellate WTO Appellate BodyanditsSecretariat The vast majorityofpeopleconsulting WTO documentation. advent oftheInternethasprovidedSecretariatwithapowerfulvehicletodisseminateits The printingandrelatedtasks. documentation, includingtranslation, to theSecretariat, Language ServicesandDocumentationDivision expertise andparticipatesintechnicalcooperation missions. thedivisionprovidesIT Reference CentresinthecapitalsofLDCanddevelopingcountries, Inrelationwiththecreationof WTO etc.). client/serversystems, mainframe, Internet, Intranet, e-mail, temporary staffand internsandamultitudeofservices(officeautomation, members, WTO informationtoMembersandthepublicthroughInternetspecializeddatabases. works toconstantlyenhanceITservicesandproceduresbetterfacilitatedisseminationof The division This includesimplementationoftheITsecuritypolicy. Members andSecretariat. infrastructure aswellthenecessarysupporttocoverinformationtechnologyneedsof Informatics Division under Article 21oftheDSU. Individual membersofthe Appellate Bodyaresometimescalledupontoactasarbitrators world andarerequiredtobeavailable atalltimesandonshortnoticetohearappeals. international trade who residein differentpartsofthe andthe WTO Agreements generally, recognizedauthoritiesinlaw, The Appellate BodycomprisessevenMembers, DSU. the Appellate Bodyistohearappealsarisingfrompanelreportspursuant Article17 ofthe 2 tothe r itdi al I..The are listedin WTOTable III.6. The activetrustfunds WTO anddraw greaterbenefitfrom themultilateral trading system. training meanttoenableleast-developedanddeveloping countriestomake betteruseofthe These areusedinsupportofspecialactivitiesfortechnicalcooperation and by Members. whichhavebeencontributed The WTOpublications. alsomanagesanumberoftrustfunds, the budgetisfinancedfrommiscellaneousincome. rd.The listofMembers trade. These areestablishedaccordingtoaformulabasedontheirshareofinternational Members. Members inthethree WTO workinglanguages publicationsandelectronicmaterialsareavailable tothepublicand WTO documents, LSDDensures Consultationisgrowing atarate of15%permonth. documentation facilities. Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes of Settlement the Governing Procedures Its workfocusesonensuringtheefficientfunctioningofservicesin(a)allfinancial The Appellate Bodywas establishedpursuanttothe The divisionprovidesarange oflanguageanddocumentationservicestoMembers The divisionsupportsacomplexdesktopandnetworkenvironmentcoveringstaff The divisionensurestheefficientoperation oftheinformation technology(IT) Miscellaneous incomeisearnedfromrentalfeesandsalesof WTO printandelectronic The WTO derivesmostoftheincome foritsannualbudgetfromcontributionsby146 oa T ugtfrteya 04 161,776,500 CHF. Total WTO Budgetfortheyear2004: - CHF4,715,800(Table III.4); 2004Budgetforthe Appellate Body anditsSecretariat: - 157,060,700 CHF(Table III.3); 2004Budgetforthe WTO Secretariat: - Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization. Trade World the Establishing Agreement Marrakesh ’ cnrbtosfr20 a efudi al I..The balanceof contributionsfor2004canbefoundin Table III.5. ’ s totalbudgetfortheyear2004is asfollows: – Egih French andSpanish. English, (the “ DSU Understanding on Rules and Rules on Understanding ’ ” s homepagevisittheLSDD ,whichiscontainedin Annex ), The functionof ’ s ugtfrteAplaeBd n t ertra,2004 Budget forthe Appellate BodyanditsSecretariat, Table III.4 WTO Secretariat budgetfor2004 Table III.3 atScinIe CHF Item Section Part CHF Item Section Part D A A C B B C et9Msin a isosOfca 10,000 20,000 1,000 25,000 23,000 15,000 (a)Representation andHospitality (a)Missions Official 13,000 36,000 6,500 Sect 11 Various 1,684,900 (a) Training Sect 9Missions (a)Reproduction Sect 8StaffOverheads Sect 7Contractual Serv. (b)Utilities Sect 6Expendable (a) Telecommunications Sect 5Permanent Equipt Sect 4BuildingFacilities Salary (a) Sect 3Communications 2 TemporarySect Assistance 1 Work Years Sect 1,353,000 3,219,850 1,380,000 302,400 15,763,150 Reproduction (a) 71,014,000 748,000 Sect 7Contractual Serv. Sect 6Expendable Rental (a) Sect 5Permanent Equipt Telecommunications (a) Sect 4BuildingFacilities Salary (a) Sect 3Communications 2 TemporarySect Assistance 1 Work Years Sect et1 noeen100,000 3,881,000 Sect 13International Trade Centre(ITC) 1,181,100 283,000 Sect 12Unforeseen RepresentationandHospitality 490,000 (a) MissionsOfficial (a) Sect 11 Various Sect 10 TPTC Training Sect 9Missions (a) Sect 8StaffOverheads rn oa 4,715,800 Grand Total 157,060,700 Grand Total e irr 8,000 9,000 2,000 1,596,800 620,000 (l) Appellate BodyOperating Fund (e) Library (d) Appellate BodyMembers (d) Miscellaneous (b) Insurance 5,000 350,100 290,500 (c) MaintenanceandInsurance (c) CommonStaffCosts (b) Pension 267,000 2,192,800 1,619,500 Other (c) OfficeAutomation (b) 1,455,000 1,193,000 14,267,200 MaintenanceandInsurance (c) Utilities 13,430,000 (b) Postal Charges (b) CommonStaffCosts (c) Pension (b) k te 90,000 57,000 40,000 578,900 275,000 600,000 Other 210,000 (k) ISO (j) MinisterialOperating Fund (i) ExternalAuditors 1,217,000 (h) PublicInformation Activities (g) 1,383,200 86,500 Publications (f) 632,000 Library 1,861,700 (e) DisputeSettlementPanels (b) MissionsTechnical (b) Miscellaneous (d) JointServices (c) Insurance (b) 15,889,400 127 Organization, Secretariat and budget WTO budget 2004 128 Organization, Secretariat and budget WTO budget 2004 eta fia eulc24,084 24,084 65,720 168,545 1,849,231 People China, Chile Chad Republic Central African Canada 24,084 Cameroon Burundi Burkina Faso Bulgaria Brunei Darussalam Brazil Botswana Bolivia Benin Belize Belgium Barbados Bangladesh Bahrain Austria Australia Armenia Argentina Antigua andBarbuda Angola Albania 2004 Body, Members’ contributionstothe WTO budgetandtheof Appellate Table III.5 ot ia161,896 C Costa Rica Congo Colombia unaBsa 24,084 101,001 14,250,795 0 40,140 Guinea-Bissau 200,700 1,529,119 Guinea Guatemala Grenada 817,258 Greece Ghana Germany Georgia 30,506 Gambia Gabon France Former Yugoslav RepublicofMacedonia Finland Fiji European Communities Estonia El Salvador Egypt Ecuador Dominican Republic Dominica Djibouti Denmark Democratic RepublicoftheCongo Czech Republic Cyprus Cuba Croatia ô te d ’ vie101,153 Ivoire ’ eulco 5,228,175 s Republicof Members 2004 Contribution 6,315,258 1,524,478 4,300,878 2,205,079 8,354,347 1,017,574 498,958 155,698 117,049 741,787 128,345 351,620 656,188 102,566 413,461 131,458 102,558 221,297 CHF 24,084 41,662 24,084 56,112 40,071 24,084 24,084 30,467 24,084 24,050 38,534 24,084 24,042 61,013 24,084 24,084 56,196 25,649 96,231 24,084 24,084 97,792 Table III.5 (continued)

Members’ contributions to the WTO budget and the budget of the Appellate Body, 2004

2004 Contribution Members CHF

Guyana 24,084 Haiti 24,082 Honduras 60,916 Hong Kong, China 5,121,415 Hungary 685,063 Iceland 68,903 India 1,282,088 Indonesia 1,300,828 Ireland 1,841,263 Israel 902,768 Italy 6,663,198 Jamaica 88,242 Japan 10,261,866 Jordan 102,660 Kenya 72,143 Korea, Republic of 3,870,942 Kuwait 314,698 Kyrgyz Republic 24,084 Latvia 80,133 Lesotho 24,084 Liechtenstein 40,057 Lithuania 129,848 Luxembourg 549,865 Macao, China 102,580 Madagascar 24,040 Malawi 24,084 Malaysia 2,086,784 Maldives 24,069 Mali 24,084 Malta 75,323 Mauritania 24,084 Mauritius 62,497 Mexico 3,580,334 Moldova 19,220 Mongolia 24,055 Morocco 248,615 Mozambique 24,080 Myanmar, Union of 52,916 Namibia 43,304 Netherlands, Kingdom of the 5,487,774 New Zealand 400,664 Nicaragua 30,443 Niger 24,084 Nigeria 306,670 Norway 1,370,419 Oman 177,983 Pakistan 251,867 Panama 184,416 Papua New Guinea 48,105 Organization, Secretariat and budget budget 2004 WTO Paraguay 81,886 Peru 208,728 Philippines 902,343 Poland 1,123,706 Portugal 909,903 Qatar 112,392 Romania 282,094 Rwanda 24,084 24,058

129 Table III.5 (continued)

Members’ contributions to the WTO budget and the budget of the Appellate Body, 2004

2004 Contribution Members CHF

Senegal 35,251 Sierra Leone 24,084 Singapore 3,242,936 Slovak Republic 306,166 Slovenia 254,823 Solomon Islands 24,084 South Africa 783,254 Spain 3,867,884 Sri Lanka 149,221 St. Kitts and Nevis 24,043 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 24,058 Suriname 24,084 Swaziland 25,636 Sweden 2,238,521 Switzerland 2,344,679 Chinese Taipei 3,210,565 Tanzania 38,534 Thailand 1,588,231 Togo 24,084 Trinidad and Tobago 64,177 Tunisia 206,769 Turkey 1,187,374 Uganda 27,287 United Arab Emirates 839,051 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 9,116,628 United States of America 25,259,391 Uruguay 91,518 Venezuela 523,426 Zambia 25,690 Zimbabwe 70,577 TOTAL 160,378,776 Organization, Secretariat and budget budget 2004 WTO

130 Main active extra-budgetary funds donated for technical cooperation and training activities

Table III.6(A)

Technical assistance activity in 2004 – financial situation

Balance Overhead Balance Fund Donor Transfers Contributions Expenditure 1 Jan. 2003 Fees 31 Dec. 2003

Trust funds T0006 Netherlands (Trainees) 1,654,006.59 678,197.40 767,796.59 99,813.56 1,464,593.84 T0013 Preshipment Inspection 88,099.32 134.30 83.10 10.80 88,139.72 T0027 JITAP 14,575.68 (17,645.89) (2,717.00) (353.21) – TBE01 Belgium (Flanders – Southern Africa) 25,425.37 77,200.00 90,818.91 11,806.46 – TBE02 Belgium (Ref. Centres, Training of Negotiators) – 385,750.00 231,770.72 30,130.19 123,849.09 TCA02 Canada (Training Institute) 117,419.85 103,911.37 13,508.48 – TCA03 Canada (5 TA Activities in 2003) – 467,945.72 412,491.81 53,623.94 1,829.97 TDDA1 Doha Development Agenda GTF (2002) 6,748,302.08 (7,051,073.95) (267,939.71) (34,832.16) – TDDA2 Doha Development Agenda GTF (2003) (269,298.89) 7,026,443.91 15,899,147.16 9,112,641.87 1,184,643.44 12,359,006.87 TDDA3 Doha Development Agenda GTF (2004) – 255,660.01 239,218.16 31,098.36 (14,656.51) TDE01 Germany (TPRs) 198,085.80 271,495.99 114,290.40 14,857.75 340,433.64 TES02 Spain (TPC in Latin America) 21,781.41 (21,781.41) – TES03 Spain (TA in Latin America & Caribbean) – 21,781.41 73,050.00 83,921.60 10,909.81 – TES04 Spain (TA in Latin America & Caribbean) – 231,450.00 204,823.01 26,626.99 – TEU02 European Commission (Labelling event) – 69,705.00 21,778.64 2,831.22 45,095.14 TFI01 Finland (GTF) 496,146.73 267,272.07 34,745.37 194,129.29 TFI02 Finland (LDCs) – 656,200.00 656,200.00 TFR01 France (SPS) 77,904.09 154,900.00 (1,027.50) (133.58) 233,965.17 TFR02 France (GTF) 3,469.00 458,700.00 408,999.12 53,169.89 (0.01) TGR01 Greece (BSEC Countries) 102,437.96 63,991.92 8,318.95 30,127.09 TIF01 Integrated Framework for Outreach Activities – – TIMM1 Interns for Members’ Missions 30,306.86 606,372.00 219,818.50 28,576.41 388,283.95 TJIT2 JITAP II – 17,645.89 718,444.35 179,509.35 23,336.22 533,244.67 TJP08 Japan (T & Investment) 15,970.44 117,531.56 90,414.08 11,753.83 31,334.09 TMI04 Qatar Ministerial (LDCs) 197,258.18 (197,258.18) – TMI05 Mexico Ministerial (LDCs) 5,413.80 187,819.62 1,008,735.80 851,030.50 110,633.96 240,304.76 TNO04 Norway (2003 NGO Symposium) 793,983.53 200,399.84 26,051.98 567,531.71 TNZ03 New Zealand 356,907.91 79,438.56 386,147.32 50,199.15 – TSP10 NGO Symposium 28,585.26 (28,585.26) – TTPC1 Trade Policy Courses in Africa 707,373.46 401,776.00 19,755.32 2,568.19 1,086,825.95 TUK03 United Kingdom (Evaluation) 8,059.11 15,534.00 112,182.00 14,583.66 (103,172.55) TUK07 United Kingdom (TRTA Database Project) 212.72 (9,105.82) (7,870.00) (1,023.10) – TUS04 United States (Africa) 57,812.02 198,964.14 25,865.34 (167,017.46) TUS05 United States – (107,678.88) 1,306,800.00 (95,291.04) (12,387.84) 1,306,800.00 TUS06 United States (Africa) (94,622.70) 365,345.08 239,577.33 31,145.05 – TWB01 World Bank (STDF on SPS) – 100,000.00 417,000.00 195,226.78 25,379.48 296,393.74

Total trust funds 11,385,615.58 0.00 24,637,074.37 14,441,989.20 1,877,458.59 19,703,242.16 Other extra-budgetary funds EPSF1 Programme Support Fund 979,273.86 1,877,458.59 3,056,857.88 – (200,125.43) ES963 96 Surplus (Legal Fund) 162,093.05 28,800.00 – 133,293.05

Total other extra-budgetary funds 1,141,366.91 – 1,877,458.59 3,085,657.88 – (66,832.38)

Grand total technical assistance funds 12,526,982.49 0.00 26,514,532.96 17,527,647.08 1,877,458.59 19,636,409.78 Organization, Secretariat and budget funds donated Main active extra-budgetary activities and training for technical cooperation

131 Organization, Secretariat and budget

132 Main active extra-budgetary funds donated for technical cooperation and training activities wdnTD320 E 000001,562,500 893,421 15,000 116,250 10,000,000 765,000 893,421 15,000 420,000 75,000 SEK 642,600 500,000 CHF 535,000 CHF 420,000 Euro 2004 Euro DM 2004 TDDA3 Euro 2004 2003 2004 TDDA3 2004 TDDA3 TDDA3 2004 TDDA3 Sweden TDE02 TDDA3 Netherlands Luxembourg Iceland Germany Germany Finland contributions pledgedfor2004 Doha Development Agenda Global Trust Fund– TDDA3 Table III.6(B) Total oosFn Year Fund Donors urnyAon CHF Amount Currency Pledges 4,414,771 WTO Members (As of 31 December 2003)

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