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With the Protection of the Gods: an Interpretation of the Protector Figure in Classic Maya Iconography
University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2012 With The Protection Of The Gods: An Interpretation Of The Protector Figure In Classic Maya Iconography Tiffany M. Lindley University of Central Florida Part of the Anthropology Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Lindley, Tiffany M., "With The Protection Of The Gods: An Interpretation Of The Protector Figure In Classic Maya Iconography" (2012). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 2148. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/2148 WITH THE PROTECTION OF THE GODS: AN INTERPRETATION OF THE PROTECTOR FIGURE IN CLASSIC MAYA ICONOGRAPHY by TIFFANY M. LINDLEY B.A. University of Alabama, 2009 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Anthropology in the College of Sciences at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Spring Term 2012 © 2012 Tiffany M. Lindley ii ABSTRACT Iconography encapsulates the cultural knowledge of a civilization. The ancient Maya of Mesoamerica utilized iconography to express ideological beliefs, as well as political events and histories. An ideology heavily based on the presence of an Otherworld is visible in elaborate Maya iconography. Motifs and themes can be manipulated to convey different meanings based on context. -
“I'm Not a Bloody Pop Star!”
Andy Palacio (in white) and the Garifuna Collective onstage in Dangriga, Belize, last November, and with admirers (below) the voice of thPHOTOGRAPHYe p BYe ZACH oSTOVALLple BY DAVE HERNDON Andy Palacio was more than a world-music star. “I’m not a bloody pop star!” He was a cultural hero who insisted Andy Palacio after an outdoor gig in Hopkins, Belize, that revived the hopes of a was so incendiary, a sudden rainstorm only added sizzle. But if it Caribbean people whose was true that Palacio wasn’t a pop star, you couldn’t tell it from the heritage was slipping away. royal treatment he got everywhere he went last November upon 80 CARIBBEANTRAVELMAG.COM APRIL 2008 81 THE EVENTS OF THAT NOVEMBER TOUR WILL HAVE TO GO DOWN AS PALACIO’S LAST LAP, AND FOR ALL WHO WITNESSED ANY PART OF IT, THE STUFF OF HIS LEGEND. Palacio with his role model, the singer and spirit healer Paul Nabor, at Nabor’s home in Punta Gorda (left). The women of Barranco celebrated with their favorite son on the day he was named a UNESCO Artist for Peace (below left and right). for me as an artist, and for the Belizean people which had not been seen before in those parts. There was no as an audience.” The Minister of Tourism Belizean roots music scene or industry besides what they them- thanked Palacio for putting Belize on the map selves had generated over more than a dozen years of collabora- in Europe, UNESCO named him an Artist tion. To make Watina, they started with traditional themes and for Peace, and the Garifuna celebrated him motifs and added songcraft, contemporary production values as their world champion. -
Research Reports from the Programme for Belize Archaeological Project, Volume Six
RESEARCH REPORTS FROM THE PROGRAMME FOR BELIZE ARCHAEOLOGICAL PROJECT, VOLUME SIX Edited by: Marisol Cortes-Rincon Humboldt State University And Fred Valdez, Jr. The University of Texas at Austin Occasional Papers, Number 14 Mesoamerican Archaeological Research Laboratory The University of Texas at Austin 2012 RESEARCH REPORTS FROM THE PROGRAMME FOR BELIZE ARCHAEOLOGICAL PROJECT, VOLUME SIX Edited by: Marisol Cortes-Rincon Humboldt State University And Fred Valdez, Jr. The University of Texas at Austin Formatted by: David M. Hyde Western State Colorado University Contributors Grant R. Aylesworth Stacy Drake Deanna Riddick Michael Brandl Eric J. Heller Rissa M. Trachman Michael L. Brennan Brett A. Houk Debora Trein Nicholas Brokaw David M. Hyde Fred Valdez, Jr. Linda A. Brown Saran E. Jackson Sheila Ward David Chatelain Laura Levi Estella Weiss-Krejci Marisol Cortes-Rincon Brandon S. Lewis Gregory Zaro Robyn L. Dodge Katherine MacDonald Occasional Papers, Number 14 Mesoamerican Archaeological Research Laboratory The University of Texas at Austin 2012 Contents Background and Introduction to the 2011 Season of the Programme for Belize Archaeological Project Fred Valdez, Jr. and Marisol Cortes-Rincon ....................................................... 1 Investigations at Structure 3, La Milpa: The 2011 Field Season Debora Trein ........................................................................................................ 5 Report of the 2011 Excavations at the South Ballcourt of La Milpa, Op A6 David Chatelain ................................................................................................ -
Predation on Vertebrates by Neotropical Passerine Birds Leonardo E
Lundiana 6(1):57-66, 2005 © 2005 Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - UFMG ISSN 1676-6180 Predation on vertebrates by Neotropical passerine birds Leonardo E. Lopes1,2, Alexandre M. Fernandes1,3 & Miguel Â. Marini1,4 1 Depto. de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-910, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. 2 Current address: Lab. de Ornitologia, Depto. de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-910, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected]. 3 Current address: Coleções Zoológicas, Aves, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, 2936, INPA II, 69083-000, Manaus, AM, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected]. 4 Current address: Lab. de Ornitologia, Depto. de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract We investigated if passerine birds act as important predators of small vertebrates within the Neotropics. We surveyed published studies on bird diets, and information on labels of museum specimens, compiling data on the contents of 5,221 stomachs. Eighteen samples (0.3%) presented evidence of predation on vertebrates. Our bibliographic survey also provided records of 203 passerine species preying upon vertebrates, mainly frogs and lizards. Our data suggest that vertebrate predation by passerines is relatively uncommon in the Neotropics and not characteristic of any family. On the other hand, although rare, the ability to prey on vertebrates seems to be widely distributed among Neotropical passerines, which may respond opportunistically to the stimulus of a potential food item. -
Belize City in 1 Day 63
CONTENTS List of Maps vi 1 THE BEST OF BELIZE 1 The Best Purely Belizean The Best Destinations for Experiences 1 Families 11 The Best of Natural Belize 4 The Best Luxury Hotels & Resorts 12 The Best Diving & Snorkeling 5 The Best Moderately Priced The Best Nondiving Adventures 6 Hotels 13 The Best Day Hikes & Nature The Best Budget Hotels 14 Walks 7 The Best Restaurants 15 The Best Bird-Watching 8 The Best After-Dark Fun 17 The Best Mayan Ruins 9 The Best Websites About Belize 17 The Best Views 10 2 BELIZE IN DEPTH 19 Belize Today 19 Art & Architecture 26 SPEAKING OF TONGUES 20 Belize in Books, Film & Music 27 Looking Back at Belize 21 Belizean Food & Drink 29 The Lay of the Land 24 3 PLANNING YOUR TRIP TO BELIZE 34 When to Go 34 Specialized Travel Resources 47 BELIZE CALENDAR OF EVENTS 35 Sustainable Tourism 48 Entry Requirements 37 SUSTAINABLE PROPERTIES IN BELIZE 49 Getting There & Getting Around 38 GENERAL RESOURCES FOR GREEN TRAVEL 50 CAR-RENTALCOPYRIGHTED TIPS 41 MATERIAL 51 Money & Costs 42 Staying Connected PLANNING A BELIZE WEDDING 52 Health 44 Tips on Accommodations 53 Safety 46 002_9780470887707-ftoc.indd2_9780470887707-ftoc.indd iiiiii 111/16/101/16/10 66:14:14 PPMM 4 SUGGESTED BELIZE ITINERARIES 54 The Regions in Brief 54 Belize for Families 60 Belize in 1 Week 57 Mayan Ruins Highlights 62 Belize in 2 Weeks 58 Belize City in 1 Day 63 5 THE ACTIVE VACATION PLANNER 65 Organized Adventure Trips 65 Tips on Health, Safety & Etiquette Activities A to Z 68 in the Wilderness 79 Belize’s Top Parks & Bioreserves 75 Ecologically Oriented -
Itinerary & Program
Overview Explore Belize in Central America in all of its natural beauty while embarking on incredible tropical adventures. Over nine days, this tour will explore beautiful rainforests, Mayan ruins and archeology, and islands of this tropical paradise. Some highlights include an amazing tour of the Actun Tunichil Muknal (“Cave of the Crystal Maiden”), also known at ATM cave; snorkeling the second largest barrier reef in the world, the critically endangered Mesoamerican Barrier Reef, at the tropical paradise of South Water Caye; touring Xunantunich Mayan ruin (“Sculpture of Lady”); and enjoying a boat ride on the New River to the remote Mayan village of Lamanai. Throughout this tour, we’ll have the expertise of Luis Godoy from Belize Nature Travel, a native Mayan and one of Belize’s premier licensed guides, to lead us on some amazing excursions and share in Belize’s heritage. We’ll also stay at locally owned hotels and resorts and dine at local restaurants so we can truly experience the warm and welcoming culture of Belize. UWSP Adventure Tours leaders Sue and Don Kissinger are ready to return to Belize to share the many experiences and adventures they’ve had in this beautiful country over the years. If you ask Sue if this is the perfect adventure travel opportunity for you she’ll say, “If you have an adventurous spirit, YOU BETTER BELIZE IT!” Tour Leaders Sue and Don Kissinger Sue and Don have travelled extensively throughout the United States, Canada, Central America, Africa and Europe. They met 36 years ago as UW-Stevens Point students on an international trip and just celebrated their 34th wedding anniversary. -
UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title The Ceramics of Lubaantun: Stasis and Change in the Southern Belize Region during the Late and Terminal Classic Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6zf41162 Author Irish, Mark David Publication Date 2015 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO The Ceramics of Lubaantun: Stasis and Change in the Southern Belize Region during the Late and Terminal Classic A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in Anthropology by Mark David Irish Committee in charge: Professor Geoffrey E. Braswell, Chair Professor Paul S. Goldstein Professor Thomas E. Levy 2015 Copyright Mark David Irish, 2015 All rights reserved. The Thesis of Mark David Irish is approved, and is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: Chair University of California, San Diego 2015 iii DEDICATION In recognition of all of the support they have given me throughout my years of education; for proof-reading countless essays and the source of endless amounts of constructive criticism; for raising me to value learning and the pursuit of knowledge; for always being there when I needed someone to talk to; this thesis is dedicated to my family, including my mother Deanna, my father John, my sister Stephanie, and my wonderful wife Karla. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page……………………………………………………………………..…. iii Dedication…………………………………………………………………………….. iv Table of Contents……………………………………………………………………… v List of Figures…………………………………………………………………………. vi Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………….... vii Abstract of the Thesis…………………………………………………………………. viii Introduction…………………………………………………………………………….. 1 Background…………………………………………………………………………….. 6 The Southern Belize Region…………………………………………………… 12 History of Lubaantun…………………………………………………………. -
Private Lands Conservation in Belize
University of Colorado Law School Colorado Law Scholarly Commons Getches-Wilkinson Center for Natural Books, Reports, and Studies Resources, Energy, and the Environment 2004 Private Lands Conservation in Belize Joan Marsan University of Colorado Boulder. Natural Resources Law Center Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.law.colorado.edu/books_reports_studies Part of the Dispute Resolution and Arbitration Commons, Environmental Law Commons, Environmental Policy Commons, Estates and Trusts Commons, Land Use Law Commons, Legislation Commons, Natural Resources and Conservation Commons, Natural Resources Law Commons, Natural Resources Management and Policy Commons, Property Law and Real Estate Commons, and the Tax Law Commons Citation Information Joan Marsan, Private Lands Conservation In Belize (Natural Res. Law Ctr., Univ. of Colo. Sch. of Law 2004). JOAN MARSAN, PRIVATE LANDS CONSERVATION IN BELIZE (Natural Res. Law Ctr., Univ. of Colo. Sch. of Law 2004). Reproduced with permission of the Getches-Wilkinson Center for Natural Resources, Energy, and the Environment (formerly the Natural Resources Law Center) at the University of Colorado Law School. AVAILABLE ONLINE ====================; • •~ ~ ...... ~ ~ ~ .~ PRIVATE LANDS CONSERVATION IN .~ BELIZE •_. -~ • ~ .. A Country Report by the Natural Resources Law Center, ...... University of Colorado School of Law ~ 4 .~ September 2004 ~ Sponsored by The Nature Conservancy Primary Author: Joan Marsan, NRLC Research Assistant KGA [email protected] 576 • M37 2004 Private Lands -
'Camouflage' Their Nests but Avoid Them and Create a Decoy Trail
Buried treasure—marine turtles do not ‘disguise’ or royalsocietypublishing.org/journal/rsos ‘camouflage’ their nests but avoid them and create a Research Cite this article: Burns TJ, Thomson RR, McLaren decoy trail RA, Rawlinson J, McMillan E, Davidson H, Kennedy — MW. 2020 Buried treasure marine turtles do not † ‘disguise’ or ‘camouflage’ their nests but avoid Thomas J. Burns , Rory R. Thomson, Rosemary them and create a decoy trail. R. Soc. Open Sci. 7: 200327. A. McLaren, Jack Rawlinson, Euan McMillan, http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.200327 Hannah Davidson and Malcolm W. Kennedy Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, and School of Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Received: 27 February 2020 University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK Accepted: 6 April 2020 TJB, 0000-0003-0408-8014; MWK, 0000-0002-0970-5264 After laying their eggs and refilling the egg chamber, sea Subject Category: turtles scatter sand extensively around the nest site. This is presumed to camouflage the nest, or optimize local conditions Organismal and Evolutionary Biology for egg development, but a consensus on its function is Subject Areas: lacking. We quantified activity and mapped the movements of hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata) and leatherback (Dermochelys behaviour coriacea) turtles during sand-scattering. For leatherbacks, we also recorded activity at each sand-scattering position. Keywords: For hawksbills, we recorded breathing rates during nesting as hawksbill turtle, Eretmochelys imbricata, leatherback an indicator of metabolic investment and compared with turtle, Dermochelys coriacea, nesting behaviour published values for leatherbacks. Temporal and inferred metabolic investment in sand-scattering was substantial for both species. -
302232 Travelguide
302232 TRAVELGUIDE <P.1> (118*205) G5-15 DANIEL V2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 INTRODUCTION 5 WELCOME 6 GENERAL VISITOR INFORMATION 8 GETTING TO BELIZE 9 TRAVELING WITHIN BELIZE 10 CALENDAR OF EVENTS 14 CRUISE PASSENGER ADVENTURES Half Day Cultural and Historical Tours Full Day Adventure Tours 16 SUGGESTED OVERNIGHT ADVENTURES Four-Day Itinerary Five-Day Itinerary Six-Day Itinerary Seven-Day Itinerary 25 ISLANDS, BEACHES AND REEF 32 MAYA CITIES AND MYSTIC CAVES 42 PEOPLE AND CULTURE 50 SPECIAL INTERESTS 57 NORTHERN BELIZE 65 NORTH ISLANDS 71 CENTRAL COAST 77 WESTERN BELIZE 87 SOUTHEAST COAST 93 SOUTHERN BELIZE 99 BELIZE REEF 104 HOTEL DIRECTORY 120 TOUR GUIDE DIRECTORY 302232 TRAVELGUIDE <P.2> (118*205) G5-15 DANIEL V2 302232 TRAVELGUIDE <P.3> (118*205) G5-15 DANIEL V2 The variety of activities is matched by the variety of our people. You will meet Belizeans from many cultural traditions: Mestizo, Creole, Maya and Garifuna. You can sample their varied cuisines and enjoy their music and Belize is one of the few unspoiled places left on Earth, their company. and has something to appeal to everyone. It offers rainforests, ancient Maya cities, tropical islands and the Since we are a small country you will be able to travel longest barrier reef in the Western Hemisphere. from East to West in just two hours. Or from North to South in only a little over that time. Imagine... your Visit our rainforest to see exotic plants, animals and birds, possible destinations are so accessible that you will get climb to the top of temples where the Maya celebrated the most out of your valuable vacation time. -
Prehistoric Human-Environment Interactions in the Southern Maya Lowlands: the Holmul Region Case
Prehistoric Human-Environment Interactions in the Southern Maya Lowlands: The Holmul Region Case Final Report to the National Science Foundation 2010 Submitted by: Francisco Estrada-Belli and David Wahl Introduction Dramatic population changes evident in the Lowland Maya archaeological record have led scholars to speculate on the possible role of environmental degradation and climate change. As a result, several paleoecological and geochemical studies have been carried out in the Maya area which indicate that agriculture and urbanization may have caused significant forest clearance and soil erosion (Beach et al., 2006; Binford et al., 1987; Deevey et al., 1979; Dunning et al., 2002; Hansen et al., 2002; Jacob and Hallmark, 1996; Wahl et al., 2007). Studies also indicate that the late Holocene was characterized by centennial to millennial scale climatic variability (Curtis et al., 1996; Hodell et al., 1995; Hodell et al., 2001; Hodell et al., 2005b; Medina-Elizalde et al., 2010). These findings reinforce theories that natural or anthropogenically induced environmental change contributed to large population declines in the southern Maya lowlands at the end of the Preclassic (~A.D. 200) and Classic (~A.D. 900) periods. However, a full picture of the chronology and causes of environmental change during the Maya period has not emerged. Many records are insecurely dated, lacking from key cultural areas, or of low resolution. Dating problems have led to ambiguities regarding the timing of major shifts in proxy data (Brenner et al., 2002; Leyden, 2002; Vaughan et al., 1985). The result is a variety of interpretations on the impact of observed environmental changes from one site to another. -
Ecoadventures Central American Travel Brochure Third Edition
New! Suggested Itineraries Guatemalan Highlands Belize & Guatemala 6 Days/5 Nights Antigua • Chichicastenango • Lake Atitlan 7 Days/6 Nights - Caves Branch Lodge or Chaa Creek (Cayo) Tikal & Antigua, Guatemala Day 1, Mon or Thur: Arrive Antiqua Arrival at the Guatemala City Airport and transfer to Antigua. Overnight in selected hotel. Day 1: Afternoon shuttle transfer from Belize International or Belize Municipal Day 2, Tue or Fri: In Antigua Antigua is a true colonial gem, and today Airport to the Cayo District, the tropical highlands of Belize. Visits will be made you will visit the principal en route to the Belize Zoo and Xunantunich Mayan Ruins. Accommodations at sites, which will include Caves Branch Lodge, Chaa Creek Cottages or Blancaneaux. Dinner at the centuries-old churches, con- lodge. (D) vents, and plazas. You will Days 2 & 3: At Caves Branch Lodge you have a wide selection of activities. See have a walking tour with a page 26 for details. At Chaa Creek you are provided with a full-day excursion to special historian/guide. Many Vaca Falls and Chumpiate Cave. A visit to the Butterfly Farm and a canoe trip down buildings have been beauti- the Macal River are also included. (B, L, D Daily) fully restored, others remain Day 4: Cayo District/Tikal Early morning departure to the vast Mayan archaeo- as they were after the devas- logical site of Tikal in Guatemala. Enjoy a full-day guided tour of the site including tating earthquakes of 1776 admissions, guide services and lunch. Overnight at the Jungle Lodge in the and 1976.