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Tesis L J V R.Pdf CAPÍTULO 1 ..................................................................................................................... 1 ANTECEDENTES ...................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Historia de México ..................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Historia de la electricidad......................................................................................... 4 1.2.1 La guerra de las corrientes ............................................................................ 10 1.3 CALIDAD EN EL SERVICIO .................................................................................... 17 1.3.1 Antecedentes .................................................................................................... 17 1.3.2 ¿Qué es la calidad? ......................................................................................... 19 1.3.3 ¿Qué es servicio? ........................................................................................... 21 1.4 SERVICIO ELÉCTRICO EN MÉXICO ..................................................................... 23 1.4.1 Antecedentes .................................................................................................... 23 1.5 Calidad del servicio eléctrico ................................................................................ 30 1.5.1 Calidad de suministro ..................................................................................... 31 1.5.2 Calidad del producto ....................................................................................... 33 CAPÍTULO 2 ................................................................................................................... 36 RASCACIELOS........................................................................................................ 36 2.1 Antecedentes ............................................................................................................ 36 2.2 EDIFICIO INTELIGENTE .......................................................................................... 39 2.2.1 Concepto............................................................................................................ 39 2.3 EDIFICIOS DE ALTURA........................................................................................... 42 2.4 EDIFICIOS MAYORES A 110 PISOS EN EL MUNDO.......................................... 45 2.4.1 Burj Khalifa ........................................................................................................ 45 2.4.2 Torre Central De Shanghái ............................................................................. 53 2.4.3 Torres Abraj Al Bait ......................................................................................... 58 2.5 EDIFICIOS MAYORES A 50 PISOS EN MÉXICO ................................................. 61 2.5.1 Torre Mayor ....................................................................................................... 61 2.5.2 Torre Ejecutiva PEMEX ................................................................................... 66 2.5.3 World Trade Center, Ciudad de México ....................................................... 69 CAPÍTULO 3 ................................................................................................................... 74 SISTEMA DE DISTRIBUCIÓN DE ENERGÍA ELÉCTRICA ..................................... 74 3.1 SISTEMA ELÉCTRICO DE POTENCIA.................................................................. 74 3.2 Componentes del sistema de distribución ......................................................... 75 3.2.1 Subestaciones receptoras secundarias ...................................................... 75 3.2.2 Alimentadores primarios ................................................................................ 75 3.2.3 Transformadores de distribución ................................................................. 76 3.2.4 Alimentadores secundarios ........................................................................... 76 3.2.5 Acometida .......................................................................................................... 77 3.3 SISTEMAS DE DISTRIBUCIÓN MÁS USADOS ................................................... 78 3.3.1 Sistema radial ................................................................................................... 78 3.3.2 Sistemas radiales aéreos ............................................................................... 79 3.3.3 Sistemas radiales subterráneos .................................................................... 81 3.3.4 Sistema en anillo .............................................................................................. 82 3.3.5 Sistema mallado ............................................................................................... 83 3.4 ELEMENTOS SECUNDARIOS DE UN SISTEMA DE DISTRIBUCIÓN .............. 84 3.4.1 Interruptores ..................................................................................................... 84 3.4.2 Fusibles .............................................................................................................. 85 3.4.3 Cuchillas ............................................................................................................ 85 3.4.4 Aisladores .......................................................................................................... 86 3.4.5 Apartarrayos ..................................................................................................... 86 3.4.6 Restauradores .................................................................................................. 87 3.4.7 Seccionadores .................................................................................................. 87 3.4.8 Capacitores ....................................................................................................... 88 3.4.9 Reactores ........................................................................................................... 88 3.5 Factor de demanda eléctrica en México .............................................................. 89 CAPÍTULO 4 ................................................................................................................... 90 SECCIONADORES EN SF6 ..................................................................................... 90 4.1 El SF6 .......................................................................................................................... 90 4.2 ¿Qué es un seccionador? ...................................................................................... 91 4.3 Reglas para abrir y cerrar un seccionador ......................................................... 92 4.4 Seccionador en SF6 ................................................................................................. 93 4.4.1 Características del seccionador trifásico: .................................................. 93 4.4.2 Configuración de seccionadores .................................................................. 94 4.4.3 Ventajas ............................................................................................................. 94 4.5 Pruebas generales para los seccionadores ....................................................... 95 4.6 Pruebas de funcionamiento sobre los seccionadores ..................................... 95 4.7 Pruebas eléctricas y mecánicas sobre los seccionadores ............................. 95 CAPÍTULO 5 ................................................................................................................... 97 TRANSFORMADORES TIPO INTERIOR ................................................................. 97 5.1 Transformador seco ................................................................................................ 97 5.2 Transformador seco de Uso General ................................................................... 98 5.3 Transformador seco de relación múltiple ........................................................... 98 5.4 Transformador Seco con Factor K ....................................................................... 98 5.5 Autotransformador .................................................................................................. 99 5.6 Transformador seco de aislamiento .................................................................... 99 5.7 Transformadores Encapsulados en Resina ....................................................... 99 5.8 Ventajas de los transformadores secos ............................................................ 100 5.9 Componentes de un transformador seco ......................................................... 101 5.10 Transformador con aceite mineral ..................................................................... 101 5.10.1 Desventajas ..................................................................................................... 102 5.11 Transformador con aceite biodegradable ......................................................... 102 5.11.1 Ventajas ........................................................................................................... 103 CAPÍTULO 6 ................................................................................................................. 104 TABLERO ELÉCTRICO ......................................................................................... 104 6.1 Definición ...............................................................................................................
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