ash Cambridge Commodities Chemwatch Hazard Alert Code: 3 Part Number: P0226 Issue Date: 27/08/2019 Version No: 1.1.23.12 Print Date: 02/10/2021 Safety data sheet according to REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, as amended by UK REACH Regulations SI 2019/758 S.REACH.GB.EN

SECTION 1 Identification of the substance / mixture and of the company / undertaking

1.1. Product Identifier

Product name ash Chemical Name Not Applicable

Synonyms Not Available Proper shipping name ETHYLENEDIAMINE Chemical formula Not Applicable Other means of P0226 identification

1.2. Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against

Cationic salt. One of the most beneficial features of of cationics particularly quaternary ammonium salts (QASs) is their cytotoxic effect at very low concentration to a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, parasites and enveloped viruses, while showing relatively low toxicity to eukaryotic cells. QASs generally act by disruption of the cytosolic membrane and outer lipid bilayer via replacement of bivalent ions and attachment to the membrane, followed by the incorporation of the hydrophobic side chain into the phospholipid bilayer and the creation of a mixed micelle with the phospholipids, resulting ultimately in cytosol leakage. Whereas bacterial membranes are composed predominantly of negatively charged phospholipids, eukaryotic membranes mostly contain zwitterionic lipids and cholesterol. Such a difference in composition is a good precondition for a selective effect against microbes, and therefore, QAS should exhibit selectivity to microorganisms over eukaryotic cells Indeed, selectivity is obvious even among microorganisms. Gram-positive (G+) bacteria are more sensitive than Gram-negative (G-). The increased resistance of G- is most likely a consequence of the presence of the outer membrane layer which grants the cells stronger physicochemical Relevant identified uses protection. Interestingly, the relationship between the alkyl side-chain length and antibacterial activity is nonlinear. Optimal bioactivity is exhibited by C12-C14 chains for G+, and C14-C16 chains for G- bacteria However, the lipophilicity of the side chains seems to be a crucial factor, although the precise mechanism of action and structure–activity relationship is not yet fully understood Amphoteric surfactants (amphiphiles) have dual functional groups (both acidic and basic groups) in the same molecule. They are polar substances that have a high solubility in water but a poor solubility in most organic solvents. They are electrically neutral (zwitterions) but carry positive and negative charges on different atoms in an aqueous solution. They exist mostly as zwitterions in a certain pH range but depending on the pH value, the substances can have anionic or cationic properties outside the zwitterionic range. In the presence of acids, they will accept the hydrogen ions but they will donate hydrogen ions to the solution in the presence of bases, which balances the pH. Such actions make buffer solutions which resist change to the pH. Amphoteric (amphiphilic) surfactants change their charge according to the pH of the solution; this affects properties such as foaming, wetting and detergency through a surface action that exerts both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties. In biochemistry amphoteric

Product code: P0226 Version No: 1.1.23.2 Page 1 of 26 S.REACH.GB.EN Lancaster Way Business Park Safety Data Sheet (Conforms to Regulation (EU) No 2020/878) Ely, Cambridgeshire, CB6 3NX, UK. Chemwatch: 9-678702 +44 (0) 1353 667258 Issue Date: 27/08/2019 [email protected] Print Date: 02/10/2021 www.c-c-l.com

surfactants are used as detergents for purifying, cleansing and for their antimicrobial effects. Alkylbetaines and amino-oxides are typical amphoteric surfactants. Betaines are primarily used in personal care products like, e.g. hair shampoos, liquid soaps, and cleansing lotions. Other applications include all-purpose cleaning agents, hand dishwashing agents, and special textile detergents. In chemistry a betaine is any neutral chemical compound with a positively charged cationic functional group such as a quaternary ammonium or phosphonium cation (generally: onium ions) which bears no hydrogen atom and with a negatively charged functional group such as a carboxylate group which may not be adjacent to the cationic site. A betaine thus may be a specific type of zwitterion. In biological systems, many naturally occurring betaines serve as organic osmolytes, substances synthesized or taken up from the environment by cells for protection against osmotic stress, drought, high salinity or high temperature. Intracellular accumulation of betaines, non-perturbing to enzyme function, protein structure and membrane integrity, permits water retention in cells, thus protecting from the effects of dehydration. It is also a methyl donor of increasingly recognised significance in biology. Betaines may function to reduce the concentration of homocysteine, a homolog of the naturally occurring amino acid cysteine. High circulating levels of homocysteine may be harmful to blood vessels and thus contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease. This hypothesis is controversial as it has not yet been established whether homocysteine itself is harmful or is just an indicator of increased risk for cardiovascular disease Phosphonium betaines are intermediates in the Wittig reaction. The addition of betaine to polymerase chain reactions improves the amplification of DNA by reducing the formation of secondary structure in GC-rich regions. The addition of betaine has been reported to enhance the specificity of the polymerase chain reaction by eliminating the base pair composition dependence of DNA melting. Most betaines are characterized by a fully quaternised nitrogen. In alkyl betaines, one of the methyl groups in the ‘betaine’ structure (N,N,N-trimethylglycine) is replaced by a linear alkyl chain. A special type of betaines is the hydroxysulfobetaines in which the carboxylic group of alkyl betaine is replaced by sulfonate and a hydroxy-group is inserted in the hydrophilic part of the molecule. In alkylamido betaines, an amide group is inserted as a link between the hydrophobic alkyl chain and the hydrophilic moiety. The most commonly used alkylamido betaine is alkylamidopropyl betaine (e.g., cocoamidopropyl betaine), whereas alkylamidoethyl betaines are used in smaller amounts. Representative structures include RN+(CH3)2CH2COO- (alkyl betaine) and RC(=O)NH(CH3)2N+(CH3)CH3-COO- (alkylamidopropyl betaine) Betaines and closely related sultaines are "pseudo-amphoteric" surfactants as the nitrogen moiety always has a net positive charge and the molecules can never become anionic at high pHs Betaines/ sultaines typically contain 6-8% salt (as sodium chloride for example) as by-products of their synthesis. These salts act to enlarge the effective size of the surfactant micelles and thus viscosity increases Since betaines/ sultaines permanently have positively charged nitrogen, the negatively charged end of the anionic surfactant associates with it to form a large surfactant complex and the viscosity increases. These surfactants also have other benefits when used in shampoos; they improve foam and can increase hair conditioning due to their substantively to hair. It has also been reported (controversially) that they can actually decrease the irritation potential of anionics (once again due to the formation of a surfactant complex) Uses advised against Not Applicable

1.3. Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet

Registered company name Cambridge Commodities Address Lancaster Way Business Park, Ely, Cambridgeshire Cambridgeshire CB6 3NX United Kingdom Telephone +44 1353 667258 Fax Not Available Website Not Available

Email [email protected]

1.4. Emergency telephone number

Association / Organisation Not Available

Product code: P0226 Version No: 1.1.23.2 Page 2 of 26 S.REACH.GB.EN Lancaster Way Business Park Safety Data Sheet (Conforms to Regulation (EU) No 2020/878) Ely, Cambridgeshire, CB6 3NX, UK. Chemwatch: 9-678702 +44 (0) 1353 667258 Issue Date: 27/08/2019 [email protected] Print Date: 02/10/2021 www.c-c-l.com

Emergency telephone Not Available numbers Other emergency Not Available telephone numbers

SECTION 2 Hazards identification

2.1. Classification of the substance or mixture

Classified according to H226 - Flammable Liquids Category 3, H314 - Skin Corrosion/Irritation Category 1B, H400 - Hazardous to the Aquatic GB-CLP Regulation, UK SI Environment Acute Hazard Category 1, H290 - Corrosive to Metals Category 1, H318 - Serious Eye Damage/Eye Irritation 2019/720 and UK SI Category 1, H335 - Specific Target Organ Toxicity - Single Exposure (Respiratory Tract Irritation) Category 3, H302 - Acute 2020/1567 [1] Toxicity (Oral) Category 4, H228 - Flammable Solids Category 1 Legend: 1. Classified by Chemwatch; 2. Classification drawn from GB-CLP Regulation, UK SI 2019/720 and UK SI 2020/1567

2.2. Label elements

Hazard pictogram(s)

Signal word Danger

Hazard statement(s)

H226 Flammable liquid and vapour. H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage. H400 Very toxic to aquatic life. H290 May be corrosive to metals. H335 May cause respiratory irritation. H302 Harmful if swallowed. H228 Flammable solid.

Supplementary statement(s) Not Applicable

Precautionary statement(s) Prevention

P210 Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources. No smoking. P260 Do not breathe dust/fume. P264 Wash all exposed external body areas thoroughly after handling. P271 Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. P280 Wear protective gloves, protective clothing, eye protection and face protection. P234 Keep only in original packaging. P240 Ground and bond container and receiving equipment.

Product code: P0226 Version No: 1.1.23.2 Page 3 of 26 S.REACH.GB.EN Lancaster Way Business Park Safety Data Sheet (Conforms to Regulation (EU) No 2020/878) Ely, Cambridgeshire, CB6 3NX, UK. Chemwatch: 9-678702 +44 (0) 1353 667258 Issue Date: 27/08/2019 [email protected] Print Date: 02/10/2021 www.c-c-l.com

P241 Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting/intrinsically safe equipment. P242 Use non-sparking tools. P243 Take action to prevent static discharges. P270 Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. P273 Avoid release to the environment.

Precautionary statement(s) Response

P301+P330+P331 IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. P303+P361+P353 IF ON SKIN (or hair): Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water [or shower]. P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. P310 Immediately call a POISON CENTER/doctor/physician/first aider. P370+P378 In case of fire: Use alcohol resistant foam or fine spray/water fog to extinguish. P363 Wash contaminated clothing before reuse. P390 Absorb spillage to prevent material damage. P391 Collect spillage.

P301+P312 IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER/doctor/physician/first aider if you feel unwell. P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.

Precautionary statement(s) Storage

P403+P235 Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool. P405 Store locked up.

Precautionary statement(s) Disposal

P501 Dispose of contents/container to authorised hazardous or special waste collection point in accordance with any local regulation.

2.3. Other hazards Inhalation may produce health damage*.

Cumulative effects may result following exposure*.

Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect*.

REACh - Art.57-59: The mixture does not contain Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC) at the SDS print date.

SECTION 3 Composition / information on ingredients

3.1.Substances See 'Composition on ingredients' in Section 3.2

3.2.Mixtures

1.CAS No 2.EC No Classified according to GB-CLP Regulation, UK SI 2019/720 and Nanoform Particle %[weight] Name 3.Index No UK SI 2020/1567 Characteristics 4.REACH No Product code: P0226 Version No: 1.1.23.2 Page 4 of 26 S.REACH.GB.EN Lancaster Way Business Park Safety Data Sheet (Conforms to Regulation (EU) No 2020/878) Ely, Cambridgeshire, CB6 3NX, UK. Chemwatch: 9-678702 +44 (0) 1353 667258 Issue Date: 27/08/2019 [email protected] Print Date: 02/10/2021 www.c-c-l.com

1.CAS No 2.EC No Classified according to GB-CLP Regulation, UK SI 2019/720 and Nanoform Particle %[weight] Name 3.Index No UK SI 2020/1567 Characteristics 4.REACH No 1.7631-86-9* 2.231-545-4 2 Silicon Dioxide Not Applicable Not Available 3.Not Available 4.01-2119379499-16-XXXX Acute Toxicity (Oral) Category 4, Skin Corrosion/Irritation Category 1B, 1.590-46-5 Serious Eye Damage/Eye Irritation Category 1, Specific Target Organ 2.209-683-1 betaine 98 Toxicity - Single Exposure (Respiratory Tract Irritation) Category 3 , Not Available 3.Not Available hydrochloride Hazardous to the Aquatic Environment Acute Hazard Category 1; 4.Not Available H302, H314, H318, H335, H400 [1]

Legend: 1. Classified by Chemwatch; 2. Classification drawn from GB-CLP Regulation, UK SI 2019/720 and UK SI 2020/1567; 3. Classification drawn from C&L; * EU IOELVs available; [e] Substance identified as having endocrine disrupting properties

SECTION 4 First aid measures

4.1. Description of first aid measures

If this product comes in contact with the eyes: Immediately hold eyelids apart and flush the eye continuously with running water. Ensure complete irrigation of the eye by keeping eyelids apart and away from eye and moving the eyelids by occasionally Eye Contact lifting the upper and lower lids. Continue flushing until advised to stop by the Poisons Information Centre or a doctor, or for at least 15 minutes. Transport to hospital or doctor without delay. Removal of contact lenses after an eye injury should only be undertaken by skilled personnel. If skin or hair contact occurs: Immediately flush body and clothes with large amounts of water, using safety shower if available. Skin Contact Quickly remove all contaminated clothing, including footwear. Wash skin and hair with running water. Continue flushing with water until advised to stop by the Poisons Information Centre. Transport to hospital, or doctor. If fumes or combustion products are inhaled remove from contaminated area. Lay patient down. Keep warm and rested. Prostheses such as false teeth, which may block airway, should be removed, where possible, prior to initiating first aid procedures. Apply artificial respiration if not breathing, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve mask device, or pocket mask as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Transport to hospital, or doctor, without delay. Inhalation Inhalation of vapours or aerosols (mists, fumes) may cause lung oedema. Corrosive substances may cause lung damage (e.g. lung oedema, fluid in the lungs). As this reaction may be delayed up to 24 hours after exposure, affected individuals need complete rest (preferably in semi-recumbent posture) and must be kept under medical observation even if no symptoms are (yet) manifested. Before any such manifestation, the administration of a spray containing a dexamethasone derivative or beclomethasone derivative may be considered. This must definitely be left to a doctor or person authorised by him/her. (ICSC13719) For advice, contact a Poisons Information Centre or a doctor at once. Urgent hospital treatment is likely to be needed. If swallowed do NOT induce vomiting. Ingestion If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain open airway and prevent aspiration. Observe the patient carefully.

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Never give liquid to a person showing signs of being sleepy or with reduced awareness; i.e. becoming unconscious. Give water to rinse out mouth, then provide liquid slowly and as much as casualty can comfortably drink. Transport to hospital or doctor without delay.

4.2 Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed See Section 11

4.3. Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed For acute or short term repeated exposures to strong acids: Airway problems may arise from laryngeal edema and inhalation exposure. Treat with 100% oxygen initially. Respiratory distress may require cricothyroidotomy if endotracheal intubation is contraindicated by excessive swelling Intravenous lines should be established immediately in all cases where there is evidence of circulatory compromise. Strong acids produce a coagulation necrosis characterised by formation of a coagulum (eschar) as a result of the dessicating action of the acid on proteins in specific tissues. INGESTION: Immediate dilution (milk or water) within 30 minutes post ingestion is recommended. DO NOT attempt to neutralise the acid since exothermic reaction may extend the corrosive injury. Be careful to avoid further vomit since re-exposure of the mucosa to the acid is harmful. Limit fluids to one or two glasses in an adult. Charcoal has no place in acid management. Some authors suggest the use of lavage within 1 hour of ingestion. SKIN: Skin lesions require copious saline irrigation. Treat chemical burns as thermal burns with non-adherent gauze and wrapping. Deep second-degree burns may benefit from topical silver sulfadiazine. EYE: Eye injuries require retraction of the eyelids to ensure thorough irrigation of the conjuctival cul-de-sacs. Irrigation should last at least 20-30 minutes. DO NOT use neutralising agents or any other additives. Several litres of saline are required. Cycloplegic drops, (1% cyclopentolate for short-term use or 5% homatropine for longer term use) antibiotic drops, vasoconstrictive agents or artificial tears may be indicated dependent on the severity of the injury. Steroid eye drops should only be administered with the approval of a consulting ophthalmologist).

[Ellenhorn and Barceloux: Medical Toxicology]

For exposures to quaternary ammonium compounds; For ingestion of concentrated solutions (10% or higher): Swallow promptly a large quantity of milk, egg whites / gelatin solution. If not readily available, a slurry of activated charcoal may be useful. Avoid alcohol. Because of probable mucosal damage omit gastric lavage and emetic drugs. For dilute solutions (2% or less): If little or no emesis appears spontaneously, administer syrup of Ipecac or perform gastric lavage. If hypotension becomes severe, institute measures against circulatory shock. If respiration laboured, administer oxygen and support breathing mechanically. Oropharyngeal airway may be inserted in absence of gag reflex. Epiglottic or laryngeal edema may necessitate a tracheotomy. Persistent convulsions may be controlled by cautious intravenous injection of diazepam or short-acting barbiturate drugs. [Gosselin et al, Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products] Depending on the degree of exposure, periodic medical examination is indicated. The symptoms of lung oedema often do not manifest until a few hours have passed and they are aggravated by physical effort. Rest and medical observation is therefore essential. Immediate administration of an appropriate spray, by a doctor or a person authorised by him/her should be considered. (ICSC24419/24421

SECTION 5 Firefighting measures

5.1. Extinguishing media Jets of water. Water spray or fog.

Product code: P0226 Version No: 1.1.23.2 Page 6 of 26 S.REACH.GB.EN Lancaster Way Business Park Safety Data Sheet (Conforms to Regulation (EU) No 2020/878) Ely, Cambridgeshire, CB6 3NX, UK. Chemwatch: 9-678702 +44 (0) 1353 667258 Issue Date: 27/08/2019 [email protected] Print Date: 02/10/2021 www.c-c-l.com

Foam. Dry chemical powder. BCF (where regulations permit). Carbon dioxide.

5.2. Special hazards arising from the substrate or mixture

Avoid contamination with oxidising agents i.e. nitrates, oxidising acids, chlorine bleaches, pool chlorine etc. as ignition may Fire Incompatibility result

5.3. Advice for firefighters

Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard. Wear breathing apparatus plus protective gloves. Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water course. If safe, switch off electrical equipment until vapour fire hazard removed. Fire Fighting Use water delivered as a fine spray to control fire and cool adjacent area. Avoid spraying water onto liquid pools. DO NOT approach containers suspected to be hot. Cool fire exposed containers with water spray from a protected location. If safe to do so, remove containers from path of fire.

Combustion products include: , carbon monoxide (CO) , carbon dioxide (CO2) , hydrogen chloride , phosgene Fire/Explosion Hazard , nitrogen oxides (NOx) , other pyrolysis products typical of burning organic material. Flammable. Moderate fire and explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame. Acids may react with metals to produce hydrogen, a highly flammable and explosive gas. Heating may cause expansion or decomposition leading to violent rupture of containers. May emit corrosive fumes.

SECTION 6 Accidental release measures

6.1. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures See section 8

6.2. Environmental precautions See section 12

6.3. Methods and material for containment and cleaning up

Remove all ignition sources. Clean up all spills immediately. Minor Spills Avoid breathing vapours and contact with skin and eyes. Control personal contact with the substance, by using protective equipment. Contain and absorb small quantities with vermiculite or other absorbent material. Product code: P0226 Version No: 1.1.23.2 Page 7 of 26 S.REACH.GB.EN Lancaster Way Business Park Safety Data Sheet (Conforms to Regulation (EU) No 2020/878) Ely, Cambridgeshire, CB6 3NX, UK. Chemwatch: 9-678702 +44 (0) 1353 667258 Issue Date: 27/08/2019 [email protected] Print Date: 02/10/2021 www.c-c-l.com

Wipe up. Collect residues in a flammable waste container. Drains for storage or use areas should have retention basins for pH adjustments and dilution of spills before discharge or disposal of material. Check regularly for spills and leaks. Clear area of personnel and move upwind. Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard. Wear full body protective clothing with breathing apparatus. Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water course. Consider evacuation (or protect in place). Stop leak if safe to do so. Contain spill with sand, earth or vermiculite. Collect recoverable product into labelled containers for recycling. Neutralise/decontaminate residue (see Section 13 for specific agent). Collect solid residues and seal in labelled drums for disposal. Wash area and prevent runoff into drains. After clean up operations, decontaminate and launder all protective clothing and equipment before storing and re-using. If contamination of drains or waterways occurs, advise emergency services. Major Spills Clear area of personnel and move upwind. Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard. Wear breathing apparatus plus protective gloves. Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water course. No smoking, naked lights or ignition sources. Increase ventilation. Stop leak if safe to do so. Use dry clean up procedures and avoid generating dust. DO NOT USE WATER OR NEUTRALISING AGENTS INDISCRIMINATELY ON LARGE SPILLS. Absorb or cover spill with sand, earth, inert material or vermiculite. Collect recoverable product into labelled containers for recycling. Collect residues and seal in labelled drums for disposal. After clean up operations, decontaminate and launder all protective clothing and equipment before storing and re-using. If contamination of drains or waterways occurs as a result of the above actions, advise emergency services.

6.4. Reference to other sections Personal Protective Equipment advice is contained in Section 8 of the SDS.

SECTION 7 Handling and storage

7.1. Precautions for safe handling

Avoid all personal contact, including inhalation. Wear protective clothing when risk of exposure occurs. Use in a well-ventilated area. WARNING: To avoid violent reaction, ALWAYS add material to water and NEVER water to material. Avoid smoking, naked lights or ignition sources. Avoid contact with incompatible materials. When handling, DO NOT eat, drink or smoke. Safe handling Keep containers securely sealed when not in use. Avoid physical damage to containers. Always wash hands with soap and water after handling. Work clothes should be laundered separately. Launder contaminated clothing before re-use. Use good occupational work practice. Observe manufacturer's storage and handling recommendations contained within this SDS. Atmosphere should be regularly checked against established exposure standards to ensure safe working conditions are

Product code: P0226 Version No: 1.1.23.2 Page 8 of 26 S.REACH.GB.EN Lancaster Way Business Park Safety Data Sheet (Conforms to Regulation (EU) No 2020/878) Ely, Cambridgeshire, CB6 3NX, UK. Chemwatch: 9-678702 +44 (0) 1353 667258 Issue Date: 27/08/2019 [email protected] Print Date: 02/10/2021 www.c-c-l.com

maintained. Organic powders when finely divided over a range of concentrations regardless of particulate size or shape and suspended in air or some other oxidizing medium may form explosive dust-air mixtures and result in a fire or dust explosion (including secondary explosions) Minimise airborne dust and eliminate all ignition sources. Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, and flame. Establish good housekeeping practices. Remove dust accumulations on a regular basis by vacuuming or gentle sweeping to avoid creating dust clouds. Use continuous suction at points of dust generation to capture and minimise the accumulation of dusts. Particular attention should be given to overhead and hidden horizontal surfaces to minimise the probability of a "secondary" explosion. According to NFPA Standard 654, dust layers 1/32 in.(0.8 mm) thick can be sufficient to warrant immediate cleaning of the area. Do not use air hoses for cleaning. Minimise dry sweeping to avoid generation of dust clouds. Vacuum dust-accumulating surfaces and remove to a chemical disposal area. Vacuums with explosion-proof motors should be used. Control sources of static electricity. Dusts or their packages may accumulate static charges, and static discharge can be a source of ignition. Solids handling systems must be designed in accordance with applicable standards (e.g. NFPA including 654 and 77) and other national guidance. Do not empty directly into flammable solvents or in the presence of flammable vapors. The operator, the packaging container and all equipment must be grounded with electrical bonding and grounding systems. Plastic bags and plastics cannot be grounded, and antistatic bags do not completely protect against development of static charges. Empty containers may contain residual dust which has the potential to accumulate following settling. Such dusts may explode in the presence of an appropriate ignition source. Do NOT cut, drill, grind or weld such containers. In addition ensure such activity is not performed near full, partially empty or empty containers without appropriate workplace safety authorisation or permit. Fire and explosion See section 5 protection Store in approved flammable liquid storage area. No smoking, naked lights/ignition sources. Keep containers securely sealed. Store away from incompatible materials in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area. Protect containers against physical damage and check regularly for leaks. Storage areas should be clearly identified, well illuminated, clear of obstruction and accessible only to trained and authorised personnel - adequate security must be provided so that unauthorised personnel do not have access. Store in grounded, properly designed and approved vessels and away from incompatible materials Store according to applicable regulations for flammable materials for storage tanks, containers, piping, buildings, rooms, Other information cabinets, allowable quantities and minimum storage distances. Use non-sparking ventilation systems, approved explosion proof equipment and intrinsically safe electrical systems. Have appropriate extinguishing capability in storage area (e.g. portable fire extinguishers - dry chemical, foam or carbon dioxide) and flammable gas detectors. Keep adsorbents for leaks and spills readily available For bulk storages, consider use of floating roof or nitrogen blanketed vessels; where venting to atmosphere is possible, equip storage tank vents with flame arrestors; inspect tank vents during winter conditions for vapour/ ice build-up; storage tanks should be above ground and diked to hold entire contents. Observe manufacturer's storage and handling recommendations contained within this SDS.

7.2. Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities

Glass container is suitable for laboratory quantities DO NOT use aluminium or galvanised containers Check regularly for spills and leaks Suitable container Lined metal can, lined metal pail/ can. Plastic pail. Polyliner drum. Packing as recommended by manufacturer.

Product code: P0226 Version No: 1.1.23.2 Page 9 of 26 S.REACH.GB.EN Lancaster Way Business Park Safety Data Sheet (Conforms to Regulation (EU) No 2020/878) Ely, Cambridgeshire, CB6 3NX, UK. Chemwatch: 9-678702 +44 (0) 1353 667258 Issue Date: 27/08/2019 [email protected] Print Date: 02/10/2021 www.c-c-l.com

Check all containers are clearly labelled and free from leaks. For low viscosity materials Drums and jerricans must be of the non-removable head type. Where a can is to be used as an inner package, the can must have a screwed enclosure. For materials with a viscosity of at least 2680 cSt. (23 deg. C) and solids (between 15 C deg. and 40 deg C.): Removable head packaging; Cans with friction closures and low pressure tubes and cartridges may be used. - Where combination packages are used, and the inner packages are of glass, porcelain or stoneware, there must be sufficient inert cushioning material in contact with inner and outer packages unless the outer packaging is a close fitting moulded plastic box and the substances are not incompatible with the plastic. · Quaternary ammonium cations are unreactive toward even strong electrophiles, oxidants, and acids. They also are stable toward most nucleophiles. The latter is indicated by the stability of the hydroxide salts such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide. · Quaternary ammonium compounds are deactivated by anionic detergents (including common soaps). · With exceptionally strong bases, quat cations degrade. They undergo Sommelet–Hauser rearrangement and Storage incompatibility Stevens rearrangement,as well as dealkylation under harsh conditions. Quaternary ammonium cations containing N–C–C–H units can also undergo the Hofmann elimination and Emde degradation. Reacts with mild steel, galvanised steel / zinc producing hydrogen gas which may form an explosive mixture with air. Avoid strong bases. Segregate from alkalies, oxidising agents and chemicals readily decomposed by acids, i.e. cyanides, sulfides, carbonates.

7.3. Specific end use(s) See section 1.2

SECTION 8 Exposure controls / personal protection

8.1. Control parameters

DNELs PNECs Ingredient Exposure Pattern Worker Compartment Dermal 252 mg/kg bw/day (Systemic, Chronic) Inhalation 177 mg/m³ (Systemic, Chronic) betaine hydrochloride Dermal 126 mg/kg bw/day (Systemic, Chronic) * Not Available Inhalation 44 mg/m³ (Systemic, Chronic) * Oral 12.6 mg/kg bw/day (Systemic, Chronic) *

* Values for General Population

Occupational Exposure Limits (OEL)

INGREDIENT DATA

Source Ingredient Material name TWA STEL Peak Notes European Union Directive (EU) 2017/2398 amending Directive 2004/37/EC on the Silicon 0,1 Not Not protection of workers from Not Available (TWA (8) Respirable fraction.) Dioxide mg/m3 Available Available the risks related to exposure to carcinogens or mutagens at work

Product code: P0226 Version No: 1.1.23.2 Page 10 of 26 S.REACH.GB.EN Lancaster Way Business Park Safety Data Sheet (Conforms to Regulation (EU) No 2020/878) Ely, Cambridgeshire, CB6 3NX, UK. Chemwatch: 9-678702 +44 (0) 1353 667258 Issue Date: 27/08/2019 [email protected] Print Date: 02/10/2021 www.c-c-l.com

Source Ingredient Material name TWA STEL Peak Notes UK Workplace Exposure Silicon Silica, amorphous: inhalable Not Not 6 mg/m3 Not Available Limits (WELs) Dioxide dust Available Available UK Workplace Exposure Silicon Silica, amorphous: respirable 2.4 Not Not Not Available Limits (WELs) Dioxide dust mg/m3 Available Available UK Workplace Exposure Silicon Silica, respirable crystalline 0.1 Not Not Carc (where generated as a Limits (WELs) Dioxide (respirable fraction) mg/m3 Available Available result of a work process)

Emergency Limits

Ingredient TEEL-1 TEEL-2 TEEL-3 Silicon Dioxide 18 mg/m3 740 mg/m3 4,500 mg/m3

Ingredient Original IDLH Revised IDLH Silicon Dioxide 3,000 mg/m3 Not Available betaine hydrochloride Not Available Not Available

Occupational Exposure Banding

Ingredient Occupational Exposure Band Rating Occupational Exposure Band Limit

betaine hydrochloride E ≤ 0.01 mg/m³ Notes: Occupational exposure banding is a process of assigning chemicals into specific categories or bands based on a chemical's potency and the adverse health outcomes associated with exposure. The output of this process is an occupational exposure band (OEB), which corresponds to a range of exposure concentrations that are expected to protect worker health.

8.2. Exposure controls

Engineering controls are used to remove a hazard or place a barrier between the worker and the hazard. Well-designed engineering controls can be highly effective in protecting workers and will typically be independent of worker interactions to provide this high level of protection. The basic types of engineering controls are: Process controls which involve changing the way a job activity or process is done to reduce the risk. Enclosure and/or isolation of emission source which keeps a selected hazard "physically" away from the worker and ventilation that strategically "adds" and "removes" air in the work environment. Ventilation can remove or dilute an air contaminant if designed properly. The design of a ventilation system must match the particular process and chemical or contaminant in use. Employers may need to use multiple types of controls to prevent employee overexposure.

Local exhaust ventilation is required where solids are handled as powders or crystals; even when particulates are relatively large, a certain proportion will be powdered by mutual friction. Exhaust ventilation should be designed to prevent accumulation and recirculation of particulates in the workplace. 8.2.1. Appropriate If in spite of local exhaust an adverse concentration of the substance in air could occur, respiratory protection should be engineering controls considered. Such protection might consist of: (a): particle dust respirators, if necessary, combined with an absorption cartridge; (b): filter respirators with absorption cartridge or canister of the right type; (c): fresh-air hoods or masks Build-up of electrostatic charge on the dust particle, may be prevented by bonding and grounding. Powder handling equipment such as dust collectors, dryers and mills may require additional protection measures such as explosion venting. Air contaminants generated in the workplace possess varying "escape" velocities which, in turn, determine the "capture velocities" of fresh circulating air required to efficiently remove the contaminant.

Type of Contaminant: Air Speed: direct spray, spray painting in shallow booths, drum filling, conveyer loading, crusher dusts, gas 1-2.5 m/s (200-500 discharge (active generation into zone of rapid air motion) f/min.)

Product code: P0226 Version No: 1.1.23.2 Page 11 of 26 S.REACH.GB.EN Lancaster Way Business Park Safety Data Sheet (Conforms to Regulation (EU) No 2020/878) Ely, Cambridgeshire, CB6 3NX, UK. Chemwatch: 9-678702 +44 (0) 1353 667258 Issue Date: 27/08/2019 [email protected] Print Date: 02/10/2021 www.c-c-l.com

grinding, abrasive blasting, tumbling, high speed wheel generated dusts (released at high initial 2.5-10 m/s velocity into zone of very high rapid air motion). (500-2000 f/min.)

Within each range the appropriate value depends on:

Lower end of the range Upper end of the range 1: Room air currents minimal or favourable to capture 1: Disturbing room air currents 2: Contaminants of low toxicity or of nuisance value only 2: Contaminants of high toxicity 3: Intermittent, low production. 3: High production, heavy use 4: Large hood or large air mass in motion 4: Small hood-local control only

Simple theory shows that air velocity falls rapidly with distance away from the opening of a simple extraction pipe. Velocity generally decreases with the square of distance from the extraction point (in simple cases). Therefore the air speed at the extraction point should be adjusted, accordingly, after reference to distance from the contaminating source. The air velocity at the extraction fan, for example, should be a minimum of 4-10 m/s (800-2000 f/min) for extraction of crusher dusts generated 2 metres distant from the extraction point. Other mechanical considerations, producing performance deficits within the extraction apparatus, make it essential that theoretical air velocities are multiplied by factors of 10 or more when extraction systems are installed or used.

8.2.2. Personal protection

Chemical goggles. Full face shield may be required for supplementary but never for primary protection of eyes. Contact lenses may pose a special hazard; soft contact lenses may absorb and concentrate irritants. A written policy document, describing the wearing of lenses or restrictions on use, should be created for each workplace or task. This should Eye and face protection include a review of lens absorption and adsorption for the class of chemicals in use and an account of injury experience. Medical and first-aid personnel should be trained in their removal and suitable equipment should be readily available. In the event of chemical exposure, begin eye irrigation immediately and remove contact lens as soon as practicable. Lens should be removed at the first signs of eye redness or irritation - lens should be removed in a clean environment only after workers have washed hands thoroughly. [CDC NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin 59], [AS/NZS 1336 or national equivalent] Skin protection See Hand protection below Wear chemical protective gloves, e.g. PVC. Wear safety footwear or safety gumboots, e.g. Rubber The selection of suitable gloves does not only depend on the material, but also on further marks of quality which vary from manufacturer to manufacturer. Where the chemical is a preparation of several substances, the resistance of the glove material can not be calculated in advance and has therefore to be checked prior to the application. The exact break through time for substances has to be obtained from the manufacturer of the protective gloves and has to be observed when making a final choice. Personal hygiene is a key element of effective hand care. Gloves must only be worn on clean hands. After using gloves, hands should be washed and dried thoroughly. Application of a non-perfumed moisturiser is recommended. Suitability and durability of glove type is dependent on usage. Important factors in the selection of gloves include: · frequency and duration of contact, Hands/feet protection · chemical resistance of glove material, · glove thickness and · dexterity Select gloves tested to a relevant standard (e.g. Europe EN 374, US F739, AS/NZS 2161.1 or national equivalent). · When prolonged or frequently repeated contact may occur, a glove with a protection class of 5 or higher (breakthrough time greater than 240 minutes according to EN 374, AS/NZS 2161.10.1 or national equivalent) is recommended. · When only brief contact is expected, a glove with a protection class of 3 or higher (breakthrough time greater than 60 minutes according to EN 374, AS/NZS 2161.10.1 or national equivalent) is recommended. · Some glove polymer types are less affected by movement and this should be taken into account when considering gloves for long-term use. · Contaminated gloves should be replaced.

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As defined in ASTM F-739-96 in any application, gloves are rated as: · Excellent when breakthrough time > 480 min · Good when breakthrough time > 20 min · Fair when breakthrough time < 20 min · Poor when glove material degrades For general applications, gloves with a thickness typically greater than 0.35 mm, are recommended. It should be emphasised that glove thickness is not necessarily a good predictor of glove resistance to a specific chemical, as the permeation efficiency of the glove will be dependent on the exact composition of the glove material. Therefore, glove selection should also be based on consideration of the task requirements and knowledge of breakthrough times. Glove thickness may also vary depending on the glove manufacturer, the glove type and the glove model. Therefore, the manufacturers’ technical data should always be taken into account to ensure selection of the most appropriate glove for the task. Note: Depending on the activity being conducted, gloves of varying thickness may be required for specific tasks. For example: · Thinner gloves (down to 0.1 mm or less) may be required where a high degree of manual dexterity is needed. However, these gloves are only likely to give short duration protection and would normally be just for single use applications, then disposed of. · Thicker gloves (up to 3 mm or more) may be required where there is a mechanical (as well as a chemical) risk i.e. where there is abrasion or puncture potential Gloves must only be worn on clean hands. After using gloves, hands should be washed and dried thoroughly. Application of a non-perfumed moisturiser is recommended. Body protection See Other protection below Overalls. PVC Apron. Other protection PVC protective suit may be required if exposure severe. Eyewash unit. Ensure there is ready access to a safety shower.

Respiratory protection Type AB-P Filter of sufficient capacity. (AS/NZS 1716 & 1715, EN 143:2000 & 149:2001, ANSI Z88 or national equivalent)

Required Minimum Protection Factor Half-Face Respirator Full-Face Respirator Powered Air Respirator AB P1 - AB PAPR-P1 up to 10 x ES Air-line* - - up to 50 x ES Air-line** AB P2 AB PAPR-P2 up to 100 x ES - AB P3 - Air-line* - 100+ x ES - Air-line** AB PAPR-P3

* - Negative pressure demand ** - Continuous flow A(All classes) = Organic vapours, B AUS or B1 = Acid gasses, B2 = Acid gas or hydrogen cyanide(HCN), B3 = Acid gas or hydrogen cyanide(HCN), E = Sulfur dioxide(SO2), G = Agricultural chemicals, K = Ammonia(NH3), Hg = Mercury, NO = Oxides of nitrogen, MB = Methyl bromide, AX = Low boiling point organic compounds(below 65 degC)

· Respirators may be necessary when engineering and administrative controls do not adequately prevent exposures. · The decision to use respiratory protection should be based on professional judgment that takes into account toxicity information, exposure measurement data, and frequency and likelihood of the worker's exposure - ensure users are not subject to high thermal loads which may result in heat stress or distress due to personal protective equipment (powered, positive flow, full face apparatus may be an option). · Published occupational exposure limits, where they exist, will assist in determining the adequacy of the selected respiratory protection. These may be government mandated or vendor recommended. · Certified respirators will be useful for protecting workers from inhalation of particulates when properly selected and fit tested as part of a complete respiratory protection program. · Where protection from nuisance levels of dusts are desired, use type N95 (US) or type P1 (EN143) dust masks. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU)

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· Use approved positive flow mask if significant quantities of dust becomes airborne. · Try to avoid creating dust conditions.

8.2.3. Environmental exposure controls See section 12

SECTION 9 Physical and chemical properties

9.1. Information on basic physical and chemical properties

Appearance Not Available

Relative density (Water = Physical state Divided Solid|Powder Not Available 1) Partition coefficient Odour Not Available Not Available n-octanol / water Auto-ignition temperature Odour threshold Not Available Not Available (°C) Decomposition pH (as supplied) Not Available Not Available temperature Melting point / freezing Not Available Viscosity (cSt) Not Available point (°C) Initial boiling point and Not Available Molecular weight (g/mol) Not Available boiling range (°C) Flash point (°C) Not Available Taste Not Available Evaporation rate Not Available Explosive properties Not Available Flammability Not Available Oxidising properties Not Available Surface Tension (dyn/cm Upper Explosive Limit (%) Not Available Not Applicable or mN/m) Lower Explosive Limit (%) Not Available Volatile Component (%vol) Not Available Vapour pressure (kPa) Not Available Gas group Not Available Solubility in water Immiscible pH as a solution (%) Not Available Vapour density (Air = 1) Not Available VOC g/L Not Available Nanoform Particle Nanoform Solubility Not Available Not Available Characteristics Particle Size Not Available

9.2. Other information Not Available

SECTION 10 Stability and reactivity

10.1.Reactivity See section 7.2

10.2. Chemical stability Contact with alkaline material liberates heat

10.3. Possibility of See section 7.2 hazardous reactions

Product code: P0226 Version No: 1.1.23.2 Page 14 of 26 S.REACH.GB.EN Lancaster Way Business Park Safety Data Sheet (Conforms to Regulation (EU) No 2020/878) Ely, Cambridgeshire, CB6 3NX, UK. Chemwatch: 9-678702 +44 (0) 1353 667258 Issue Date: 27/08/2019 [email protected] Print Date: 02/10/2021 www.c-c-l.com

10.4. Conditions to avoid See section 7.2 10.5. Incompatible See section 7.2 materials 10.6. Hazardous See section 5.3 decomposition products

SECTION 11 Toxicological information

11.1. Information on toxicological effects

The material can cause respiratory irritation in some persons. The body's response to such irritation can cause further lung damage. Corrosive acids can cause irritation of the respiratory tract, with coughing, choking and mucous membrane damage. There may be dizziness, headache, nausea and weakness. Persons with impaired respiratory function, airway diseases and conditions such as emphysema or chronic bronchitis, may incur further disability if excessive concentrations of particulate are inhaled. If prior damage to the circulatory or nervous systems has occurred or if kidney damage has been sustained, proper screenings should be conducted on individuals who may be exposed to further risk if handling and use of the material result Inhaled in excessive exposures.

Hydrogen chloride (HCl) vapour or fumes present a hazard from a single acute exposure. Exposures of 1300 to 2000 ppm have been lethal to humans in a few minutes. Inhalation of HCl may cause choking, coughing, burning sensation and may cause ulceration of the nose, throat and larynx. Fluid on the lungs followed by generalised lung damage may follow. Breathing of HCl vapour may aggravate asthma and inflammatory or fibrotic pulmonary disease. High concentrations cause necrosis of the tracheal and bronchial epithelium, pulmonary oedema, atelectasis and emphysema and damage to the pulmonary blood vessels and liver. Accidental ingestion of the material may be harmful; animal experiments indicate that ingestion of less than 150 gram may be fatal or may produce serious damage to the health of the individual. The material can produce chemical burns within the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract following ingestion. Ingestion Concentrated solutions of many cationics may cause corrosive damage to mucous membranes and the oesophagus. Nausea and vomiting (sometimes bloody) may follow ingestion. Ingestion of acidic corrosives may produce burns around and in the mouth, the throat and oesophagus. Immediate pain and difficulties in swallowing and speaking may also be evident. The material can produce chemical burns following direct contact with the skin. Skin contact is not thought to produce harmful health effects (as classified under EC Directives using animal models). Systemic harm, however, has been identified following exposure of animals by at least one other route and the material may still produce health damage following entry through wounds, lesions or abrasions. Cationic surfactants cause skin irritation, and, in high concentrations, caustic burns. Skin contact with acidic corrosives may result in pain and burns; these may be deep with distinct edges and may heal slowly with Skin Contact the formation of scar tissue. Amphoteric surfactants appear to weaken the skin barrier function to a certain degree. It has been suggested that these surfactants (typically betaines and sulfobetaines) may dissolve fats in the skin. Open cuts, abraded or irritated skin should not be exposed to this material Entry into the blood-stream, through, for example, cuts, abrasions or lesions, may produce systemic injury with harmful effects. Examine the skin prior to the use of the material and ensure that any external damage is suitably protected. The material can produce chemical burns to the eye following direct contact. Vapours or mists may be extremely irritating. If applied to the eyes, this material causes severe eye damage. Many cationic surfactants are very irritating to the eyes at low concentration. Concentrated solutions can cause severe burns with Eye permanent clouding. Irritation of the eyes may produce a heavy secretion of tears (lachrymation). Direct eye contact with acid corrosives may produce pain, tears, sensitivity to light and burns. Mild burns of the epithelia generally recover rapidly and completely.

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Long-term exposure to respiratory irritants may result in airways disease, involving difficulty breathing and related whole-body problems. Substance accumulation, in the human body, may occur and may cause some concern following repeated or long-term occupational exposure. Amphoteric surfactants are easily absorbed in the gut and partly excreted unchanged in the faeces. It has not been shown to accumulate in the body. Concentrated betaines are expected to irritate the skin and eyes, but dilute solutions only irritate the eyes. No evidence of delayed contact hypersensitivity was found in animal testing. Tests for mutation-causing potential have proved negative.

Chronic Repeated or prolonged exposure to acids may result in the erosion of teeth, swelling and/or ulceration of mouth lining. Irritation of airways to lung, with cough, and inflammation of lung tissue often occurs. Long term exposure to high dust concentrations may cause changes in lung function i.e. pneumoconiosis, caused by particles less than 0.5 micron penetrating and remaining in the lung. Chronic minor exposure to hydrogen chloride (HCl) vapour or fume may cause discolouration or erosion of the teeth, bleeding of the nose and gums; and ulceration of the mucous membranes of the nose. Workers exposed to hydrochloric acid suffered from stomach inflammation and a number of cases of chronic bronchitis (airway inflammation) have also been reported. Repeated or prolonged exposure to dilute solutions of hydrogen chloride may cause skin inflammation. Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause degreasing, followed by drying, cracking and skin inflammation. There has been some concern that this material can cause cancer or mutations but there is not enough data to make an assessment.

TOXICITY IRRITATION ash Not Available Not Available

TOXICITY IRRITATION Dermal (rabbit) LD50: >5000 mg/kg *[2] Eye (rabbit): non-irritating * Silicon Dioxide Inhalation(Rat) LC50; >0.139 mg/l/14h *[2] Skin (rabbit): non-irritating *

Oral(Rat) LD50; 3160 mg/kg[2]

TOXICITY IRRITATION

betaine hydrochloride Oral(Rat) LD50; >11148 mg/kg[1] Eye: adverse effect observed (irreversible damage)[1] Skin: no adverse effect observed (not irritating)[1]

Legend: 1. Value obtained from Europe ECHA Registered Substances - Acute toxicity 2.* Value obtained from manufacturer's SDS. Unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effect of chemical Substances

For silica amorphous: Derived No Adverse Effects Level (NOAEL) in the range of 1000 mg/kg/d. In humans, synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) is essentially non-toxic by mouth, skin or eyes, and by inhalation. Epidemiology studies show little evidence of adverse health effects due to SAS. Repeated exposure (without personal protection) may cause mechanical irritation of the eye and drying/cracking of the skin. When experimental animals inhale synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) dust, it dissolves in the lung fluid and is rapidly eliminated. If swallowed, the vast majority of SAS is excreted in the faeces and there is little accumulation in the body. Following absorption Silicon Dioxide across the gut, SAS is eliminated via urine without modification in animals and humans. SAS is not expected to be broken down (metabolised) in mammals. After ingestion, there is limited accumulation of SAS in body tissues and rapid elimination occurs. Intestinal absorption has not been calculated, but appears to be insignificant in animals and humans. SASs injected subcutaneously are subjected to rapid dissolution and removal. There is no indication of metabolism of SAS in animals or humans based on chemical structure and available data. In contrast to crystalline silica, SAS is soluble in physiological media and the soluble chemical species that are formed are eliminated via the urinary tract without modification. Product code: P0226 Version No: 1.1.23.2 Page 16 of 26 S.REACH.GB.EN Lancaster Way Business Park Safety Data Sheet (Conforms to Regulation (EU) No 2020/878) Ely, Cambridgeshire, CB6 3NX, UK. Chemwatch: 9-678702 +44 (0) 1353 667258 Issue Date: 27/08/2019 [email protected] Print Date: 02/10/2021 www.c-c-l.com

Both the mammalian and environmental toxicology of SASs are significantly influenced by the physical and chemical properties, particularly those of solubility and particle size. SAS has no acute intrinsic toxicity by inhalation. Adverse effects, including suffocation, that have been reported were caused by the presence of high numbers of respirable particles generated to meet the required test atmosphere. These results are not representative of exposure to commercial SASs and should not be used for human risk assessment. Though repeated exposure of the skin may cause dryness and cracking, SAS is not a skin or eye irritant, and it is not a sensitiser. Repeated-dose and chronic toxicity studies confirm the absence of toxicity when SAS is swallowed or upon skin contact. Long-term inhalation of SAS caused some adverse effects in animals (increases in lung inflammation, cell injury and lung collagen content), all of which subsided after exposure. Numerous repeated-dose, subchronic and chronic inhalation toxicity studies have been conducted with SAS in a number of species, at airborne concentrations ranging from 0.5 mg/m3 to 150 mg/m3. Lowest-observed adverse effect levels (LOAELs) were typically in the range of 1 to 50 mg/m3. When available, the no-observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) were between 0.5 and 10 mg/m3. The difference in values may be explained by different particle size, and therefore the number of particles administered per unit dose. In general, as particle size decreases so does the NOAEL/LOAEL. Neither inhalation nor oral administration caused neoplasms (tumours). SAS is not mutagenic in vitro. No genotoxicity was detected in in vivo assays. SAS does not impair development of the foetus. Fertility was not specifically studied, but the reproductive organs in long-term studies were not affected. For Synthetic Amorphous Silica (SAS) Repeated dose toxicity Oral (rat), 2 weeks to 6 months, no significant treatment-related adverse effects at doses of up to 8% silica in the diet. Inhalation (rat), 13 weeks, Lowest Observed Effect Level (LOEL) =1.3 mg/m3 based on mild reversible effects in the lungs. Inhalation (rat), 90 days, LOEL = 1 mg/m3 based on reversible effects in the lungs and effects in the nasal cavity. For silane treated synthetic amorphous silica: Repeated dose toxicity: oral (rat), 28-d, diet, no significant treatment-related adverse effects at the doses tested. There is no evidence of cancer or other long-term respiratory health effects (for example, silicosis) in workers employed in the manufacture of SAS. Respiratory symptoms in SAS workers have been shown to correlate with smoking but not with SAS exposure, while serial pulmonary function values and chest radiographs are not adversely affected by long-term exposure to SAS. The substance is classified by IARC as Group 3: NOT classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. Evidence of carcinogenicity may be inadequate or limited in animal testing. Reports indicate high/prolonged exposures to amorphous silicas induced lung fibrosis in experimental animals; in some experiments these effects were reversible. [PATTYS] BETAINE No significant acute toxicological data identified in literature search. HYDROCHLORIDE Asthma-like symptoms may continue for months or even years after exposure to the material ends. This may be due to a non-allergic condition known as reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS) which can occur after exposure to high levels of highly irritating compound. Main criteria for diagnosing RADS include the absence of previous airways disease in a non-atopic individual, with sudden onset of persistent asthma-like symptoms within minutes to hours of a documented exposure to the irritant. Other criteria for diagnosis of RADS include a reversible airflow pattern on lung function tests, moderate to severe bronchial hyperreactivity on methacholine challenge testing, and the lack of minimal lymphocytic inflammation, without eosinophilia. RADS (or asthma) following an irritating inhalation is an infrequent disorder with rates related to the concentration of and duration of exposure to the irritating substance. On the other hand, industrial bronchitis is a disorder that occurs as a result of exposure due to high concentrations of irritating substance (often particles) and is completely reversible after exposure ceases. The disorder is characterized by difficulty breathing, cough and mucus production. ash & BETAINE For acid mists, aerosols, vapours HYDROCHLORIDE Test results suggest that eukaryotic cells are susceptible to genetic damage when the pH falls to about 6.5. Cells from the respiratory tract have not been examined in this respect. Mucous secretion may protect the cells of the airway from direct exposure to inhaled acidic mists (which also protects the stomach lining from the hydrochloric acid secreted there). For alkyltrimethylammonium chloride (ATMAC) Most undiluted cationic surfactants satisfy the criteria for classification as Harmful (Xn) with R22 and as Irritant (Xi) for skin and eyes with R38 and R41. In addition, certain surfactants will satisfy the criteria for classification as Corrosive with R34 in addition to the acute toxicity. According to Centre Europeen des Agents de Surface et de leurs Intermediaires Organiques (CESIO), C8-18 alkyltrimethylammonium chloride (ATMAC) (i.e., lauryl, coco, soya, and tallow) are classified as Corrosive (C ) with the risk phrases R22 (Harmful if swallowed) and R34 (Causes burns). C16 ATMAC is classified as Harmful (Xn) with the risk phrases

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R22 (Harmful if swallowed), R38 (Irritating to skin), and R41 (Risk of serious damage to eyes). C20-22 ATMAC are classified as Irritant (Xi) with R36/38 (Irritating to eyes and skin).

Acute toxicity: ATMAB (the bromide) is poorly absorbed through the skin or the digestive tract. Acute oral toxicity of alkyltrimethylammonium salts is somewhat higher than the toxicity of anionic and nonionic surfactants. This may be due to the strongly irritating effect which cationic surfactants have on the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract. Cationic surfactants are generally about 10 times more toxic when given through a vein, compared to being given by mouth. Skin and eye irritation: Skin irritation depends on surfactant concentration. Concentrations above 1% generally cause pronounced irritation. Cationic surfactants are the most irritating surfactants to the eye. Many proteins in the skin are considerably more resistant to the denaturing effects of cationic surfactants compared to those of anionic surfactants. In contrast to the irreversible denaturing effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate, the adverse effects of some cationic surfactants on proteins may be reversible. Sensitisation: A repeated patch test performed on human volunteers did not show sensitization. Sub-chronic toxicity: Animal testing over the long term resulted in no affects, except for reduced body weight at very high doses. Reproductive toxicity: Animal testing showed no effects toxic to the embryo or causing birth defects. Mild effects on the embryo were seen only at levels which were toxic to the mother. Mutation-causing potential: Animal testing showed no mutation-causing potential for C16 and C18 ATMAC. For quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs): Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are cationic surfactants. They are in general more toxic than anionic and non-ionic surfactants. Because they can dissolve phospholipids and cholesterol in lipid membranes, QACs affect cell permeability which may lead to cell death. Further, QACs denature proteins as cationic materials precipitate protein and are accompanied by generalized tissue irritation. It has been suggested that the experimentally determined decrease in the acute toxicity of QAs with chain length above C16 is due to decreased water solubility. In general it appears that QACs with single long-chain alkyl groups are more toxic and irritating than those with two such substitutions. Animal testing shows that straight chain aliphathic QACs may cause lung tissue to release histamine. QACs may also show curare-like properties, causing limb paralysis and even life-threatening paralysis of the muscles of breathing, if they are injected. This paralysis seems to be transient. From human testing, it is concluded that all the compounds investigated to date show similar toxicological properties. The material may produce respiratory tract irritation, and result in damage to the lung including reduced lung function. Amphoteric surfactants are easily absorbed in the gut and partly excreted unchanged in the faeces. It has not been shown to accumulate in the body. Concentrated betaines are expected to irritate the skin and eyes, but dilute solutions only irritate the eyes. No evidence of delayed contact hypersensitivity was found in animal testing. Tests for mutation-causing potential have proved negative.

Acute Toxicity Carcinogenicity Skin Irritation/Corrosion Reproductivity Serious Eye STOT - Single Exposure Damage/Irritation Respiratory or Skin STOT - Repeated Exposure sensitisation Mutagenicity Aspiration Hazard

Legend: – Data either not available or does not fill the criteria for classification – Data available to make classification

11.2.1. Endocrine Disruption Properties Not Available

SECTION 12 Ecological information

12.1. Toxicity Product code: P0226 Version No: 1.1.23.2 Page 18 of 26 S.REACH.GB.EN Lancaster Way Business Park Safety Data Sheet (Conforms to Regulation (EU) No 2020/878) Ely, Cambridgeshire, CB6 3NX, UK. Chemwatch: 9-678702 +44 (0) 1353 667258 Issue Date: 27/08/2019 [email protected] Print Date: 02/10/2021 www.c-c-l.com

Endpoint Test Duration (hr) Species Value Source ash Not Not Not Not Available Not Available Available Available Available

Endpoint Test Duration (hr) Species Value Source EC0(ECx) 24h Crustacea >=10000mg/l 1 EC50 72h Algae or other aquatic plants 14.1mg/l 2 Silicon Dioxide LC50 96h Fish 1033.016mg/l 2 EC50 48h Crustacea >86mg/l 2 EC50 96h Algae or other aquatic plants 217.576mg/l 2

Endpoint Test Duration (hr) Species Value Source EC10(ECx) 72h Algae or other aquatic plants >=100mg/l 2 betaine hydrochloride EC50 72h Algae or other aquatic plants >=100mg/l 2 EC50 48h Crustacea <=4335mg/l 2

Legend: Extracted from 1. IUCLID Toxicity Data 2. Europe ECHA Registered Substances - Ecotoxicological Information - Aquatic Toxicity 3. EPIWIN Suite V3.12 (QSAR) - Aquatic Toxicity Data (Estimated) 4. US EPA, Ecotox database - Aquatic Toxicity Data 5. ECETOC Aquatic Hazard Assessment Data 6. NITE (Japan) - Bioconcentration Data 7. METI (Japan) - Bioconcentration Data 8. Vendor Data

Very toxic to aquatic organisms. Do NOT allow product to come in contact with surface waters or to intertidal areas below the mean high water mark. Do not contaminate water when cleaning equipment or disposing of equipment wash-waters. Wastes resulting from use of the product must be disposed of on site or at approved waste sites. Surfactants are in general toxic to aquatic organisms due to their surface-active properties. Historically, synthetic surfactants were often composed of branched alkyl chains resulting in poor biodegradability which led to concerns about their environmental effects. Today however, many of them, for example those used in large amounts, globally, as detergents, are linear and therefore readily biodegradable and considered to be of rather low risk to the environment. A linear structure of the hydrophobic chain facilitates the approach of microorganism while branching, in particular at the terminal position, inhibits biodegradation. Also, the bioaccumulation potential of surfactants is usually low due to the hydrophilic units. Linear surfactants are not always preferred however, as some branching (that ideally does not hinder ready biodegradability) is often preferable from a performance point of view. The reduction in waste water of organic contaminants such as surfactants can either be a consequence of adsorption onto sludge or aerobic biodegradation in the biological step. Similar sorption and degradation processes occur in the environment as a consequence of direct release of surfactants into the environment from product use, or through effluent discharge from sewage treatment plants in surface waters or the application of sewage sludge on land. However, a major part of surfactants in waste water will be efficiently eliminated in the sewage treatment plant. Although toxic to various organisms, surfactants in general only have a limited effect on the bacteria in the biological step. There are occasions however, where adverse effects have been noticed due to e.g. large accidental releases of softeners from laundry companies. Ecotoxicity: The tolerance of water organisms towards pH margin and variation is diverse. Recommended pH values for test species listed in OECD guidelines are between 6.0 and almost 9. Acute testing with fish showed 96h-LC50 at about pH 3.5 For Alkyltrimethylammonium Salts, (ATMA) Including Alkyltrimethylammonium Bromide and Chloride, (ATMAB and ATMAC): Atmospheric Fate: These substances are not expected to evaporate into the air. Environmental Fate: The widespread use and sorption behaviour of cationic surfactants implies that these substances are expected to be present in many environmental compartments. Terrestrial Fate: Because of their positive charge, (cations), these surfactants sorb strongly to the negatively charged surfaces of sludge, soil and sediments. ATMAs are expected to eventually reach the digester during treatment of wastewater containing these substances, however; there is very limited information about the biodegradability of these compounds under low oxygen conditions. Very little is known about the biodegradation pathways of ATMA salts, however; they are classified as readily biodegradable. These substances are not expected to evaporate from soil surfaces and are potentially mobile in soil. ATMAs are expected to sorb strongly to soil particles. Aquatic Fate: These substances are not expected to evaporate from surface waters. Nearly all of these chemicals will eventually be released into the aquatic environment. ATMAs are water soluble and are not expected to be broken down by water. These substances are potentially mobile in water and are expected to sorb to sediment. Product code: P0226 Version No: 1.1.23.2 Page 19 of 26 S.REACH.GB.EN Lancaster Way Business Park Safety Data Sheet (Conforms to Regulation (EU) No 2020/878) Ely, Cambridgeshire, CB6 3NX, UK. Chemwatch: 9-678702 +44 (0) 1353 667258 Issue Date: 27/08/2019 [email protected] Print Date: 02/10/2021 www.c-c-l.com

Ecotoxicity: Algae are very sensitive to ATMA surfactants. ATMAB and ATMAC, (alkyltrimethylammonium bromide and chloride), are toxic to algae. ATMAC is acutely toxic to aquatic invertebrates and some fish species, including golden ide.

For Chloride: Although inorganic chloride ions are not normally considered toxic they can exist in effluents at acutely toxic levels. Incidental exposure to inorganic chloride may occur in occupational settings where chemicals management policies are improperly applied. The toxicity of chloride salts depends on the counter-ion (cation) present; that of chloride itself is unknown. Chloride toxicity has not been observed in humans except in the special case of impaired sodium chloride metabolism, e.g. in congestive heart failure. Healthy individuals can tolerate the intake of large quantities of chloride provided that there is an intake of fresh water following ingestion. Although excessive intake of drinking-water containing sodium chloride at concentrations above 2.5 g/L has been reported to produce hypertension, this effect is believed to be related to the sodium ion concentration. Chloride concentrations in excess of about 250 mg/L can give rise to detectable taste in water. Consumers can, however, become accustomed to concentrations in excess of 250 mg/L. No health-based guideline value is proposed for chloride in drinking-water. Chloride is almost completely absorbed in normal individuals. In metal pipes, chloride reacts with metal ions to form soluble salts thus increasing levels of metals in drinking-water. Chloride enhances galvanic corrosion in lead pipes and can also increase the rate of pitting corrosion of metal pipes. Aquatic Fate: Inorganic chlorine eventually finds its way into aquatic systems and becomes bio-available. Chloride increases the electrical conductivity of water and thus increases its corrosivity. Ecotoxicity: When excessive inorganic chloride ions are introduced to aquatic environments, the resulting salinity can exceed the tolerances of most freshwater organisms. Zwitterionic (amphoteric) substances, such as betaines, sulfobetaines and taurines, may be phytotoxic. Because they are implicated in the disruption of cell membranes, toxic effects on marine flora and fauna (of a secondary nature) may ensue. For Betaines: Environmental Fate: Biodegradability - Alkyl and cocoalkylamido betaines can be regarded as readily biodegradable. The hydroxysulfobetaines are probably not readily biodegradable. The knowledge about the biodegradability of betaines in oxygen poor environments is relatively scarce. Ecotoxicity: Aquatic toxicity of betaines can vary considerably, even within the same species of betadine. Cocoamidopropyl betaines are extremely toxic to algae and ranges from extremely toxic to moderately toxic to crustaceans and fish. Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water courses. DO NOT discharge into sewer or waterways.

12.2. Persistence and degradability

Ingredient Persistence: Water/Soil Persistence: Air Silicon Dioxide LOW LOW betaine hydrochloride LOW LOW

12.3. Bioaccumulative potential

Ingredient Bioaccumulation Silicon Dioxide LOW (LogKOW = 0.5294) betaine hydrochloride LOW (LogKOW = -2.9275)

12.4. Mobility in soil

Ingredient Mobility Silicon Dioxide LOW (KOC = 23.74) betaine hydrochloride HIGH (KOC = 1.557)

12.5. Results of PBT and vPvB assessment

P B T

Relevant available data Not Available Not Available Not Available PBT

Product code: P0226 Version No: 1.1.23.2 Page 20 of 26 S.REACH.GB.EN Lancaster Way Business Park Safety Data Sheet (Conforms to Regulation (EU) No 2020/878) Ely, Cambridgeshire, CB6 3NX, UK. Chemwatch: 9-678702 +44 (0) 1353 667258 Issue Date: 27/08/2019 [email protected] Print Date: 02/10/2021 www.c-c-l.com

P B T vPvB

PBT Criteria fulfilled? No vPvB No

12.6. Endocrine Disruption Properties Not Available

12.7. Other adverse effects Not Available

SECTION 13 Disposal considerations

13.1. Waste treatment methods

Containers may still present a chemical hazard/ danger when empty. Return to supplier for reuse/ recycling if possible. Otherwise: If container can not be cleaned sufficiently well to ensure that residuals do not remain or if the container cannot be used to store the same product, then puncture containers, to prevent re-use, and bury at an authorised landfill. Where possible retain label warnings and SDS and observe all notices pertaining to the product. Legislation addressing waste disposal requirements may differ by country, state and/ or territory. Each user must refer to laws operating in their area. In some areas, certain wastes must be tracked. A Hierarchy of Controls seems to be common - the user should investigate: Reduction Reuse Recycling Disposal (if all else fails) Product / Packaging This material may be recycled if unused, or if it has not been contaminated so as to make it unsuitable for its intended use. Shelf disposal life considerations should also be applied in making decisions of this type. Note that properties of a material may change in use, and recycling or reuse may not always be appropriate. In most instances the supplier of the material should be consulted. DO NOT allow wash water from cleaning or process equipment to enter drains. It may be necessary to collect all wash water for treatment before disposal. In all cases disposal to sewer may be subject to local laws and regulations and these should be considered first. Where in doubt contact the responsible authority. Recycle wherever possible. Consult manufacturer for recycling options or consult local or regional waste management authority for disposal if no suitable treatment or disposal facility can be identified. Treat and neutralise at an approved treatment plant. Treatment should involve: Mixing or slurrying in water; Neutralisation with soda-lime or soda-ash followed by: burial in a land-fill specifically licensed to accept chemical and / or pharmaceutical wastes or Incineration in a licensed apparatus (after admixture with suitable combustible material) Decontaminate empty containers with 5% aqueous sodium hydroxide or soda ash, followed by water. Observe all label safeguards until containers are cleaned and destroyed. Waste treatment options Not Available

Sewage disposal options Not Available

SECTION 14 Transport information

Labels Required

Product code: P0226 Version No: 1.1.23.2 Page 21 of 26 S.REACH.GB.EN Lancaster Way Business Park Safety Data Sheet (Conforms to Regulation (EU) No 2020/878) Ely, Cambridgeshire, CB6 3NX, UK. Chemwatch: 9-678702 +44 (0) 1353 667258 Issue Date: 27/08/2019 [email protected] Print Date: 02/10/2021 www.c-c-l.com

Marine Pollutant

HAZCHEM •2W

Land transport (ADR-RID)

14.1. UN number 1604 14.2. UN proper shipping ETHYLENEDIAMINE name

14.3. Transport hazard Class 8 class(es) Subrisk 3

14.4. Packing group II 14.5. Environmental Environmentally hazardous hazard

Hazard identification (Kemler) 83 Classification code CF1

14.6. Special precautions Hazard Label 8 +3 for user Special provisions Not Applicable

Limited quantity 1 L Tunnel Restriction Code 2 (D/E)

Air transport (ICAO-IATA / DGR)

14.1. UN number 1604 14.2. UN proper shipping Ethylenediamine name

ICAO/IATA Class 8 14.3. Transport hazard ICAO / IATA Subrisk 3 class(es) ERG Code 8F

14.4. Packing group II 14.5. Environmental Environmentally hazardous hazard

Special provisions Not Applicable

14.6. Special precautions Cargo Only Packing Instructions 855 for user Cargo Only Maximum Qty / Pack 30 L

Passenger and Cargo Packing Instructions 851

Product code: P0226 Version No: 1.1.23.2 Page 22 of 26 S.REACH.GB.EN Lancaster Way Business Park Safety Data Sheet (Conforms to Regulation (EU) No 2020/878) Ely, Cambridgeshire, CB6 3NX, UK. Chemwatch: 9-678702 +44 (0) 1353 667258 Issue Date: 27/08/2019 [email protected] Print Date: 02/10/2021 www.c-c-l.com

Passenger and Cargo Maximum Qty / Pack 1 L Passenger and Cargo Limited Quantity Packing Instructions Y840 Passenger and Cargo Limited Maximum Qty / Pack 0.5 L

Sea transport (IMDG-Code / GGVSee)

14.1. UN number 1604 14.2. UN proper shipping ETHYLENEDIAMINE name

14.3. Transport hazard IMDG Class 8 class(es) IMDG Subrisk 3

14.4. Packing group II 14.5. Environmental Marine Pollutant hazard

EMS Number F-E , S-C 14.6. Special precautions Special provisions Not Applicable for user Limited Quantities 1 L

Inland waterways transport (ADN)

14.1. UN number 1604 14.2. UN proper shipping ETHYLENEDIAMINE name 14.3. Transport hazard 8 3 class(es) 14.4. Packing group II 14.5. Environmental Environmentally hazardous hazard

Classification code CF1 Special provisions Not Applicable 14.6. Special precautions Limited quantity 1 L for user Equipment required PP, EP, EX, A Fire cones number 1

14.7. Transport in bulk according to Annex II of MARPOL and the IBC code Not Applicable 14.8. Transport in bulk in accordance with MARPOL Annex V and the IMSBC Code

Product name Group

Silicon Dioxide Not Available betaine hydrochloride Not Available

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14.9. Transport in bulk in accordance with the ICG Code

Product name Ship Type Silicon Dioxide Not Available betaine hydrochloride Not Available

SECTION 15 Regulatory information

15.1. Safety, health and environmental regulations / legislation specific for the substance or mixture

Silicon Dioxide is found on the following regulatory lists Chemical Footprint Project - Chemicals of High Concern List European Union Directive (EU) 2017/2398 amending Directive 2004/37/EC on EU European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) Community Rolling Action Plan the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to carcinogens or (CoRAP) List of Substances mutagens at work Europe EC Inventory International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Agents Classified by European Union - European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical the IARC Monographs Substances (EINECS) International WHO List of Proposed Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL) Values for Manufactured Nanomaterials (MNMS)

betaine hydrochloride is found on the following regulatory lists Europe EC Inventory European Union - European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances (EINECS)

This safety data sheet is in compliance with the following EU legislation and its adaptations - as far as applicable - : Directives 98/24/EC, - 92/85/EEC, - 94/33/EC, - 2008/98/EC, - 2010/75/EU; Commission Regulation (EU) 2020/878; Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 as updated through ATPs.

15.2. Chemical safety assessment No Chemical Safety Assessment has been carried out for this substance/mixture by the supplier.

ECHA SUMMARY

Ingredient CAS number Index No ECHA Dossier Silicon Dioxide 7631-86-9* Not Available 01-2119379499-16-XXXX

Harmonisation (C&L Hazard Class and Category Code(s) Pictograms Signal Word Code(s) Hazard Statement Code(s) Inventory) 1 STOT RE 1 GHS08; Dgr H372 2 STOT RE 1 GHS08; Dgr H372 Harmonisation Code 1 = The most prevalent classification. Harmonisation Code 2 = The most severe classification.

National Inventory Status

National Inventory Status Australia - AIIC / Australia Yes Non-Industrial Use Canada - DSL Yes

Canada - NDSL No (Silicon Dioxide; betaine hydrochloride)

China - IECSC No (betaine hydrochloride)

Product code: P0226 Version No: 1.1.23.2 Page 24 of 26 S.REACH.GB.EN Lancaster Way Business Park Safety Data Sheet (Conforms to Regulation (EU) No 2020/878) Ely, Cambridgeshire, CB6 3NX, UK. Chemwatch: 9-678702 +44 (0) 1353 667258 Issue Date: 27/08/2019 [email protected] Print Date: 02/10/2021 www.c-c-l.com

National Inventory Status Europe - EINEC / ELINCS / Yes NLP Japan - ENCS No (betaine hydrochloride) Korea - KECI No (betaine hydrochloride) New Zealand - NZIoC Yes Philippines - PICCS Yes USA - TSCA Yes Taiwan - TCSI Yes Mexico - INSQ No (betaine hydrochloride) Vietnam - NCI Yes Russia - FBEPH No (betaine hydrochloride) Yes = All CAS declared ingredients are on the inventory Legend: No = One or more of the CAS listed ingredients are not on the inventory. These ingredients may be exempt or will require registration.

SECTION 16 Other information

Revision Date 27/08/2019 Initial Date 27/08/2019

Full text Risk and Hazard codes

H318 Causes serious eye damage. H372 Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure.

Other information Classification of the preparation and its individual components has drawn on official and authoritative sources as well as independent review by the Chemwatch Classification committee using available literature references.

The SDS is a Hazard Communication tool and should be used to assist in the Risk Assessment. Many factors determine whether the reported Hazards are Risks in the workplace or other settings. Risks may be determined by reference to Exposures Scenarios. Scale of use, frequency of use and current or available engineering controls must be considered.

For detailed advice on Personal Protective Equipment, refer to the following EU CEN Standards: EN 166 Personal eye-protection EN 340 Protective clothing EN 374 Protective gloves against chemicals and micro-organisms EN 13832 Footwear protecting against chemicals EN 133 Respiratory protective devices

Definitions and abbreviations PC－TWA: Permissible Concentration-Time Weighted Average PC－STEL: Permissible Concentration-Short Term Exposure Limit IARC: International Agency for Research on Cancer ACGIH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists STEL: Short Term Exposure Limit

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TEEL: Temporary Emergency Exposure Limit。 IDLH: Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations ES: Exposure Standard OSF: Odour Safety Factor NOAEL :No Observed Adverse Effect Level LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level TLV: Threshold Limit Value LOD: Limit Of Detection OTV: Odour Threshold Value BCF: BioConcentration Factors BEI: Biological Exposure Index AIIC: Australian Inventory of Industrial Chemicals DSL: Domestic Substances List NDSL: Non-Domestic Substances List IECSC: Inventory of Existing Chemical Substance in China EINECS: European INventory of Existing Commercial chemical Substances ELINCS: European List of Notified Chemical Substances NLP: No-Longer Polymers ENCS: Existing and New Chemical Substances Inventory KECI: Korea Existing Chemicals Inventory NZIoC: New Zealand Inventory of Chemicals PICCS: Philippine Inventory of Chemicals and Chemical Substances TSCA: Toxic Substances Control Act TCSI: Taiwan Chemical Substance Inventory INSQ: Inventario Nacional de Sustancias Químicas NCI: National Chemical Inventory FBEPH: Russian Register of Potentially Hazardous Chemical and Biological Substances

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