ash Cambridge Commodities Chemwatch Hazard Alert Code: 3 Part Number: P0226 Issue Date: 27/08/2019 Version No: 1.1.23.12 Print Date: 02/10/2021 Safety data sheet according to REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, as amended by UK REACH Regulations SI 2019/758 S.REACH.GB.EN SECTION 1 Identification of the substance / mixture and of the company / undertaking 1.1. Product Identifier Product name ash Chemical Name Not Applicable Synonyms Not Available Proper shipping name ETHYLENEDIAMINE Chemical formula Not Applicable Other means of P0226 identification 1.2. Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against Cationic salt. One of the most beneficial features of of cationics particularly quaternary ammonium salts (QASs) is their cytotoxic effect at very low concentration to a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, parasites and enveloped viruses, while showing relatively low toxicity to eukaryotic cells. QASs generally act by disruption of the cytosolic membrane and outer lipid bilayer via replacement of bivalent ions and attachment to the membrane, followed by the incorporation of the hydrophobic side chain into the phospholipid bilayer and the creation of a mixed micelle with the phospholipids, resulting ultimately in cytosol leakage. Whereas bacterial membranes are composed predominantly of negatively charged phospholipids, eukaryotic membranes mostly contain zwitterionic lipids and cholesterol. Such a difference in composition is a good precondition for a selective effect against microbes, and therefore, QAS should exhibit selectivity to microorganisms over eukaryotic cells Indeed, selectivity is obvious even among microorganisms. Gram-positive (G+) bacteria are more sensitive than Gram-negative (G-). The increased resistance of G- is most likely a consequence of the presence of the outer membrane layer which grants the cells stronger physicochemical Relevant identified uses protection. Interestingly, the relationship between the alkyl side-chain length and antibacterial activity is nonlinear. Optimal bioactivity is exhibited by C12-C14 chains for G+, and C14-C16 chains for G- bacteria However, the lipophilicity of the side chains seems to be a crucial factor, although the precise mechanism of action and structure–activity relationship is not yet fully understood Amphoteric surfactants (amphiphiles) have dual functional groups (both acidic and basic groups) in the same molecule. They are polar substances that have a high solubility in water but a poor solubility in most organic solvents. They are electrically neutral (zwitterions) but carry positive and negative charges on different atoms in an aqueous solution. They exist mostly as zwitterions in a certain pH range but depending on the pH value, the substances can have anionic or cationic properties outside the zwitterionic range. In the presence of acids, they will accept the hydrogen ions but they will donate hydrogen ions to the solution in the presence of bases, which balances the pH. Such actions make buffer solutions which resist change to the pH. Amphoteric (amphiphilic) surfactants change their charge according to the pH of the solution; this affects properties such as foaming, wetting and detergency through a surface action that exerts both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties. In biochemistry amphoteric Product code: P0226 Version No: 1.1.23.2 Page 1 of 26 S.REACH.GB.EN Lancaster Way Business Park Safety Data Sheet (Conforms to Regulation (EU) No 2020/878) Ely, Cambridgeshire, CB6 3NX, UK. Chemwatch: 9-678702 +44 (0) 1353 667258 Issue Date: 27/08/2019 [email protected] Print Date: 02/10/2021 www.c-c-l.com surfactants are used as detergents for purifying, cleansing and for their antimicrobial effects. Alkylbetaines and amino-oxides are typical amphoteric surfactants. Betaines are primarily used in personal care products like, e.g. hair shampoos, liquid soaps, and cleansing lotions. Other applications include all-purpose cleaning agents, hand dishwashing agents, and special textile detergents. In chemistry a betaine is any neutral chemical compound with a positively charged cationic functional group such as a quaternary ammonium or phosphonium cation (generally: onium ions) which bears no hydrogen atom and with a negatively charged functional group such as a carboxylate group which may not be adjacent to the cationic site. A betaine thus may be a specific type of zwitterion. In biological systems, many naturally occurring betaines serve as organic osmolytes, substances synthesized or taken up from the environment by cells for protection against osmotic stress, drought, high salinity or high temperature. Intracellular accumulation of betaines, non-perturbing to enzyme function, protein structure and membrane integrity, permits water retention in cells, thus protecting from the effects of dehydration. It is also a methyl donor of increasingly recognised significance in biology. Betaines may function to reduce the concentration of homocysteine, a homolog of the naturally occurring amino acid cysteine. High circulating levels of homocysteine may be harmful to blood vessels and thus contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease. This hypothesis is controversial as it has not yet been established whether homocysteine itself is harmful or is just an indicator of increased risk for cardiovascular disease Phosphonium betaines are intermediates in the Wittig reaction. The addition of betaine to polymerase chain reactions improves the amplification of DNA by reducing the formation of secondary structure in GC-rich regions. The addition of betaine has been reported to enhance the specificity of the polymerase chain reaction by eliminating the base pair composition dependence of DNA melting. Most betaines are characterized by a fully quaternised nitrogen. In alkyl betaines, one of the methyl groups in the ‘betaine’ structure (N,N,N-trimethylglycine) is replaced by a linear alkyl chain. A special type of betaines is the hydroxysulfobetaines in which the carboxylic group of alkyl betaine is replaced by sulfonate and a hydroxy-group is inserted in the hydrophilic part of the molecule. In alkylamido betaines, an amide group is inserted as a link between the hydrophobic alkyl chain and the hydrophilic moiety. The most commonly used alkylamido betaine is alkylamidopropyl betaine (e.g., cocoamidopropyl betaine), whereas alkylamidoethyl betaines are used in smaller amounts. Representative structures include RN+(CH3)2CH2COO- (alkyl betaine) and RC(=O)NH(CH3)2N+(CH3)CH3-COO- (alkylamidopropyl betaine) Betaines and closely related sultaines are "pseudo-amphoteric" surfactants as the nitrogen moiety always has a net positive charge and the molecules can never become anionic at high pHs Betaines/ sultaines typically contain 6-8% salt (as sodium chloride for example) as by-products of their synthesis. These salts act to enlarge the effective size of the surfactant micelles and thus viscosity increases Since betaines/ sultaines permanently have positively charged nitrogen, the negatively charged end of the anionic surfactant associates with it to form a large surfactant complex and the viscosity increases. These surfactants also have other benefits when used in shampoos; they improve foam and can increase hair conditioning due to their substantively to hair. It has also been reported (controversially) that they can actually decrease the irritation potential of anionics (once again due to the formation of a surfactant complex) Uses advised against Not Applicable 1.3. Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet Registered company name Cambridge Commodities Address Lancaster Way Business Park, Ely, Cambridgeshire Cambridgeshire CB6 3NX United Kingdom Telephone +44 1353 667258 Fax Not Available Website Not Available Email [email protected] 1.4. Emergency telephone number Association / Organisation Not Available Product code: P0226 Version No: 1.1.23.2 Page 2 of 26 S.REACH.GB.EN Lancaster Way Business Park Safety Data Sheet (Conforms to Regulation (EU) No 2020/878) Ely, Cambridgeshire, CB6 3NX, UK. Chemwatch: 9-678702 +44 (0) 1353 667258 Issue Date: 27/08/2019 [email protected] Print Date: 02/10/2021 www.c-c-l.com Emergency telephone Not Available numbers Other emergency Not Available telephone numbers SECTION 2 Hazards identification 2.1. Classification of the substance or mixture Classified according to H226 - Flammable Liquids Category 3, H314 - Skin Corrosion/Irritation Category 1B, H400 - Hazardous to the Aquatic GB-CLP Regulation, UK SI Environment Acute Hazard Category 1, H290 - Corrosive to Metals Category 1, H318 - Serious Eye Damage/Eye Irritation 2019/720 and UK SI Category 1, H335 - Specific Target Organ Toxicity - Single Exposure (Respiratory Tract Irritation) Category 3, H302 - Acute 2020/1567 [1] Toxicity (Oral) Category 4, H228 - Flammable Solids Category 1 Legend: 1. Classified by Chemwatch; 2. Classification drawn from GB-CLP Regulation, UK SI 2019/720 and UK SI 2020/1567 2.2. Label elements Hazard pictogram(s) Signal word Danger Hazard statement(s) H226 Flammable liquid and vapour. H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage. H400 Very toxic to aquatic life. H290 May be corrosive to metals. H335 May cause respiratory irritation. H302 Harmful if swallowed. H228 Flammable solid. Supplementary statement(s) Not Applicable Precautionary statement(s) Prevention P210 Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources. No smoking. P260 Do not breathe dust/fume. P264 Wash all exposed external body