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Communications chapter R Communications TELEPHONE A ND TELEGRAPH SYSTEMS (Series R 1-89) R 1 -89. General note. textf o the telegraph inquiry is in "Telegraph Division Order No. 12," FCC, Reports, vol. 1, p. 88. The detailed Among t he primary sources of governmental historical sta responses are available to the public at the Commission.) tistics relating to the telephone and telegraph industries are Other m ajor sources of telephone and telegraph statis the following: tics are the annual reports to stockholders by AT&T L C ompendium of the Seventh Census of the United (Bell), the Western Union Telegraph Company, and sta States, 18S0; Compendium of the Tenth Census of the tistics of independent (i.e., non-Bell) telephone companies United States, 1880; Statistics of Manufactures, 1890, compiled and published by the United States Independent Census Bulletin No. 196, June 1892. Telephone Association. 2. B ureau of the Census quinquennial censuses of the A m ajor factor affecting the statistics of the telephone and telephone and telegraph industry, 1902-1937: Bulletin No. telegraph carriers has been the prescription of uniform sys 17, Special Reports: Telephones and Telegraphs, 190S; tems of accounts for these companies by the Interstate Com Special Reports: Telephones, 1907; Bulletin No. 102, Tele graph Systems: 1907; Telephones and Telegraphs and merce Commission and by the Federal Communications Com Municipal Electric Fire-Alarm and Police-Patrol Signaling mission after its formation in 1934. The ICC prescribed a Systems, lilt; Census of Electrical Industries: 1917, uniform system of accounts for telephone companies having Telegraphs and Municipal Electric Fire-Alarm and Police- annual operating revenues exceeding $50,000, effective January Patrol Signaling Systems; Census of Electrical Industries: 1, 1913, and for telegraph carriers, effective January 1, 1914. Telephones— 1917, 1922, and 1927; Census of Electrical Industries: Telegraphs— 1917, 1922, and 1927; Census of The ICC issued more detailed accounting systems, effective Electrical Industries: Telephones and Telegraphs, 1982 and January 1, 1933, for Class A companies, and condensed classi 1987. (Titles with more than a single year represent dif fications for Class B companies, effective January 1, 1934. ferent volumes for each year.) The FCC adopted a revised uniform system of accounts for 3. I nterstate Commerce Commission reports of tele Class A and Class B telephone companies, effective January 1, phone and telegraph carriers, 1914-1933 : a. M emorandum Concerning Telephone Companies 1937. The outstanding change was a requirement that tele and Telegraph Companies Reporting to the Interstate phone plant be recorded in the accounts at original cost, i.e., Commerce Commission for the Years 1916 and 1917 cost at time of first dedication to public use. The FCC (processed). adopted a revised uniform system of accounts for Class C b. A nnual Report on Telephone Companies, 1920- telephone companies, effective January 1, 1939 (the earlier 1927, 1928-1932, and 1933 (processed) ; Annual Report on Telegraph Companies, 1926-1927, 1928-1932, and 1933 ICC system had been established, effective January 1, 1915). (processed). The r eporting authority of the FCC relates only to those 4. R eport on Communication Companies (Splawn Re telephone and telegraph carriers engaged in interstate and port), issued as House Report No. 1273, 73d Cong., 2d foreign communication which cross State or national bound sess. (1934) in connection with the consideration of the ary lines over their own facilities or through connection with Communications Act of 1934. This report contains de tailed data from the carrier reports filed with the Inter the facilities of an affiliated carrier having such facilities. state Commerce Commission and also the results of a Thus, the carriers filing reports with the Commission (with questionnaire to the telephone, telegraph, and radio indus the exception of a small number of companies filing volun tries for 1922-1932. tarily) exclude a very large number of small, and a few large, 5. F ederal Communications Commission reports of tele telephone companies. phone and telegraph companies filed monthly and annually with that agency, 1934-1957. Selected data from these R 1 -42. General note. reports have been issued monthly and annually (in proc The B ell System provides the great bulk of local exchange essed form) and in the Commission's annual reports to Congress. Beginning in 1939, the data have also been and interexchange or toll telephone facilities and service in the issued in the FCC's annual Statistics of the Communica United States. It includes the parent company of the Bell tions Industry in the United States. operating telephone companies, consolidated with "associated 6. F ederal Communications Commission, Investigation holding and operating companies in the United States, not of the Telephone Industry in the United States, House including connected independent or sublicensee companies." Document No. 340, 76th Cong., 1st sess. (1939). This report includes the results of the Commission's investiga The figures as presented are "statements of the Bell Telephone tion of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company business as a whole, eliminating all duplications and showing (AT&T). Page 609 of the report refers to a number of the figures and results as 'if operated by a single company.' " staff reports, or exhibits, containing more detailed statis The parent company has been American Telephone and Tele tical and other material prepared in connection with the graph Company since January 1, 1900; prior to that date it investigation and issued in processed form. These staff exhibits and reports are listed under the title, Special was the American Bell Telephone Company. The number of Investigation Docket No. 1. companies included within the Bell group has varied from time 7. S tatistics for 1926-1934 obtained by the Federal to time. In 1914, approximately 35 companies were included Communications Commission from telephone and telegraph and in 1915-1916 the number increased to 39. Subsequent companies and designed to afford the FCC a basis for consolidations reduced the number to 29 in 1920 and to the determining whether carrier rates were just and reason present level of 23, including Cincinnati and Suburban Bell Tele able and in enforcement of other statutory responsibilities. (The text of the telephone inquiry appears in "Telephone phone Company, and Southern New England Telephone Com Division Order No. 9," FCC, Reports, vol. 1, p. 49; the pany in 1948. Since 1936, however, AT&T in its consolidated 471 R 1 -13 COMMUNICATIONS financial s tatements has excluded these 2 large noncontrolled Telephones i nclude telegraph and teletypewriter stations companies. For comparability with previous years, however, through 1930 and private line telephones through 1934, but the figures have been adjusted to include these 2 companies not thereafter. using reports filed by them with the FCC. "Bell companies" R. 2 Telephones per 1,000 population, 1876-1956. and "Bell System" are at times used interchangeably herein. Source: F CC, records (except for census data). For census Unless otherwise specified, the reference is to "Bell companies." data, see source for series R 1 and R 3-5. Included in the Bell organization presently are the following: Annual f igures are based on data supplied to FCC by AT&T. 1. A T&T, which is the parent company. R 6-9. Average daily calls, 1880-1956. 2. 1 9 regional subsidiaries owned and controlled by AT&T, plus a subsidiary of one of these regional com Source : F CC, records. panies. These 20 Bell System principal telephone sub Figures a re based on data supplied to FCC by AT&T. sidiaries furnish exchange and intrastate toll service, as Generally, e xchange service is telephone service within an well as interstate toll telephone service; they constitute, with the parent, the Bell System of today. exchange area. A local call is defined as a call originating in and completed within the same public exchange area; a toll 3. T wo other major companies, Cincinnati and Subur ban Bell Telephone Company and Southern New England call is one which originates in one exchange destined to another Telephone Company, in which AT&T has substantial exchange area, whether located nearby or across the continent. minority interests. These 2 companies, together with the In instances in which there is a high community of interest 20 mentioned above, are referred to as the Associated between exchanges, accompanied by considerable calling on a Companies. message toll basis, "extended area service" has been estab 4. B ell Telephone Laboratories, Inc., a scientific re lished under which adjacent and nearby exchanges are included search and development organization and Western Electric in the subscriber's local service area. The growth of this Company, Inc., which is the Bell manufacturing and supply organization. type of service each year has significantly affected the number In a ddition, a number of the Bell company affiliates have of calls classified as local, which otherwise would have been varying degrees of stock interest in various other telephone classified and charged as toll. Moreover, elimination of toll companies. The data for series R 1-27 relating to the Bell charges through the establishment of extended area service companies exclude the operations of Bell Telephone Labora has tended to stimulate telephone usage within the service area. tories and of Western Electric, except
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