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Kenya Strengthening the Foundation of Education and Training in Kenya

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Kenya Strengthening the Foundation of Education and Training in Kenya Report No. 28064- KE Report No. 28064-KE Kenya Strengthening the Foundation of Education and Training in Kenya Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Opportunities and Challenges in Primary and General Secondary Education March 3, 2004 Human Development I Country Department: AFC05 Africa Region FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Kenya of Education and the Foundation Strengthening Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Training in Kenya Training Document of the World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. GOVERNMENT FISCAL YEAR July 1 -June 30 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS Currency Unit: Kenya Shillings (KSh) Official Rate: US$ 1.00 = 75 KSh. (July 29,2003) ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ASAL Arid and Semi-Arid Lands Ksh Kenyan Shilling CBE Curriculum-Based Establishment MDGs Millennium Development Goals CBS Central Bureau of Statistics MoEST Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology CHE Commission for Higher Education MTEF Medium-Tern Expenditure Framework DEO District Education Officer NFE Nonfonnal Education EMIS Education Management Information System NGO Nongovernmental Organizations ERAP Economic Recovery Action Plan OC Other Charges FPE Free Primary Education PDE Provincial Director of Education GDP Gross Domestic Product PE Personal Emolument GER Gross Enrollment Ratio PER Public Expenditure Review GoK Government of Kenya PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper HELB Higher Education Loans Board PTA Parent Teacher Association HIViAIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired PTR Pupil-Teacher Ratio Immunodeficiency Syndrome SACMEQ Southem Africa Consortium for Monitoring Education Quality KCPE Kenya Certificate of Primary Education TAC Teacher Advisory Center KCSE Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education TIMSS Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study KIE Kenya Institute of Education TVEC Technical and Vocational Education and Training KNEC Kenya National Examination Council TSC Teachers Service Commission This report was prepared by a team comprising Dandan Chen (Economist, AFTHI, Task Team Leader), Donald Hamilton (Senior Education Planner, AFTHl), and James Kamunge (Education Specialist, Consultant). The team worked closely with the Technical Working Group (TWG) of Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology (MoEST), and participated the TWG’s retreats for the technical discussions during 2002. The report benefited from comments by its peer reviewers Manny Jimenez (Sector Director, EASHD), Peter Moock (Consultant, AFTHl), and Harry Patrinos (Senior Education Economist, LCSHE), and all the participants of the review meeting. All the education colleagues at AFTHl have also provided comments on an early draft. Technical guidance from Birger Fredriksen (Senior Education Advisor, AFTHD) is much appreciated. Makhtar Diop (Country Director), Dzingai Mutumbuka (Sector Manager), and Paud Murphy (Lead Education Specialist, AFTHI) provided overall guidance. Financial assistance from Norwegian Education Trust Fund is gratefully acknowledged. FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Table of Contents Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................................... i Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... i Main Sector Issues and Critical Challenges ............................................................................................................. ...ii Policy Recommendations ...................................................................................................................................... vi11 Sector Planning: Projections of Costs and Financing ............................................................................................. xii Chapter 1 Macroeconomic Context and Demographic Trends ........................................................... 1 Evolution ofGross Domestic Products..................................................................................................................... 1 FiscalResources and Performance ........................................................................................................................... 2 Population and Labor Force ..................................................................................................................................... 4 Evolution of the Population ...... Labor force and employment Impact ofHIV/AIDS ................. Economic Development Perspectives....................................................................................................................... 6 Macroeconomic Prospects ................................................................................................................................... 7 Education Sector Development ............................................................................................................................ 7 Conclusions .............................................................................................................................................................. 8 Chapter 2 Education Coverage and Attainment .................................................................................. 9 Historical Overview .................................................................................................................................................. 9 Preprimary Education ............................................................................................................................................. 10 Primary Education .................................................................................................................................................. 11 General Secondary Education ................................................................................................................................ 13 Determinants for Low Enrollment at Primary and Secondary Level...................................................................... 15 Postsecondary Education and Training .................................................................................................................. 16 University ................................................................. ................................................ 16 Tertiary-Level Technical Education . ....................................... 17 Teacher Education and Training ..................... 17 Other Education and Training ............. Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Nonformal Education (NFE) Adult Education ......................... 19 ............................ 20 Conclusions ........ ................................ Chapter 3 Internal Efficiency and Student Flows .............................................................................. 24 Late School Entry ................................................................................................................................................... 24 Dropout Rate at Primary Level ............................................................................................................................... 25 Grade Repetition at Primary Level ......................................................................................................................... 26 Cohort Flows and Completion at Primary Level ...... ............................................. .................................... 27 Dropout at Secondary Level ................................................................................................................................... 28 Repetition Rate at Secondary Level ....................................................................................................................... 28 Completion Rate and Cohort Flow at Secondary Level ......................................................................................... 29 Primary to Secondary Transition Rates .......................................................................................... : ....................... 30 ...................................................................................................................................................... 31 Chapter 4 Education Quality................................................................................................................ 32 Educational Inputs .................................................................................................................................................. 32 Curriculum ......................................................................................................................................................... 32 Teachers........................................................... .............................................................................. 33 ing materials .............. .............................................................. 41 ........................... ........................ 43 rmance............................................................................... ..................... 44 lThis document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in lthe performance
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