Great Vespers

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

January 16, 2005 Sunday of the Publican and Pharisee All page references are to The Order of Vespers for Sundays after Pentecost, 2004 1. Beginning Prayers, p. 1 2. Psalm 103, p. 2 (chant) or p. 6 (melodic) 3. Litany of Peace, p. 8 4. First Kathisma, p. 10 5. Lamplighting Psalms Tone 8 p. 102 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4: for the Resurrection, Tone 8, p. 103 - 106 Cantor: Because with the Lord there is mercy and fullness of redemption, (on 3) Israel indeed he will redeem from all its iniquity. 3 2 Tone 1 # & œ œ ˙ œ W œ œ ˙ ˙ œ œ W O faith - ful, let us not pray as the Phar - i - see,˙ for those who exalt themselves # & œ œ ˙ œ œ ˙ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ ˙ ˙ œ œ œ shall be hum - bled. Let us hum - ble our- selves be - fore God,˙ and with the # & œ œ œ ˙ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ Pub - li - can let us say: "Lord have mer - cy onœ me a sin œ - #œ ner."w Cantor: Praise the Lord all the nations; Psalm 116 (on 2) acclaim him all you people. Repeat "O faithful…" Cantor: Strong is the love of the Lord for us; (on 1) he is faithful forever. 1 # & œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ W œ The Phar - i - see, o - ver-come with his pride,˙ and the Pub - lican, bent down in # & œ ˙ œ œ ˙ œ œ ˙ œ œ ˙ ˙ œ œ W re-pent - ance, came be - fore you, the on - ly Lord;˙ the first trusted in himself # & W œ œ ˙ œ œ ˙ œ œ ˙ œ W and was deprived of your bles - sings; the oth - er spoke but a few words and # & W œ œ ˙ ˙ œ œ W œ œ received your blessings in a - bun - dance.˙ Be - hold my tears and strengthen me, O # & ˙ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ Christ our God, for you are in-deed œ theœ Lov - er of usœ #œ all.w Cantor: Glory… Doxastikon - Tone 8 # & œ œ œ W œ œ œ œ œ œ W œ œ O al - might - y Lord, I real-ize the pow - erœ #ofœ tears;˙ they saved Hezekiah from the # & ˙ œ œ ˙ ˙ œ œ W œ ˙ œ œ ˙ gates of death; by them, the sinful woman was forgiv-en all her sins; # & œ œ œ W œ œ œ œ and through them, the Publican was justified but the Phar - i - seeœ #wasœ not.˙ # & ˙ œ #œ ˙ œ œ nœ œ Numœ - berW me with them, Oœ Lord, and have mer - cy on me.w Cantor: Now and ever… Dogmatikon, Tone 8, p. 107 6. Hymn of the Evening, p. 12 7. Saturday Prokeimenon, p. 13 8. Litany of Fervent Supplication, p. 13 9. Hymn of Glorification, p. 14 10. Litany of Supplication, p. 16 2 11. Apostichera, Tone 8, pp. 108 - 109 Cantor: Glory… Aposticha Doxastikon - Tone 5 & b œ œ W œ œ ˙ œ œ œ W Be-causeœ of my sins, my eyes are weight-ed down, and I can no longer raise & b W œ œ œ ˙ ˙ ˙ œ œ œ W œ œ œ them up to see the light of heav - en. But grant that I may re- pentœ like the & b ˙ œ ˙ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Pub - li - can: O Lord, have œ œ merœ - cy on œ me.w Cantor: Now and ever… Theotokion, Tone 5, p. 79 12. Prayer of St. Simeon, p. 19 13. Trisagion Prayers, p. 19 14. Troparion of the Resurrection Tone 8, p. 111 15. Dismissal, p. 21 3.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

The All-Night Vigil Service for the Feast of the Theophany of Our Lord, God, and Savior Jesus Christ
The All-night Vigil Service for the Feast of the Theophany of our Lord, God, and Savior Jesus Christ 1 2 Our Father, who art in heaven, hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom come, thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread, and forgive us our trespasses as we forgive those who trespass against us, and lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil. Priest: For thine is the kingdom and the power and the glory, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, now and ever and forever. Response: The All-night Vigil Service THE THEOPHANY OF OUR LORD, GOD, AND SAVIOR JESUS CHRIST. Since the secondGlory century, to the Father, the Church and to has the Son,celebrated and to the HolyBaptism Spirit, of Christ in the now and ever and forever. Amen. JordanPriest: RiverFor for thine our sanctificationis the kingdom and the power and the glory, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, now and ever and forever. Response:However, if Matins is to follow,Great then Compline the priest vests in bright epitrachilion and phelonion, opens the Royal Doors, and preceded by the deacon with a candle, STAND incenses &the bwhole˙ ˙church.w Then the priest stands before the Holy Table, and the The priestdeacon vests at in the bright Ambon:A epitrachilion- men. and phelonion, opens the Royal Doors, and preceded by the deacon with a candle, incenses the whole church. Then the priest stands before the Holy Table, and the deacon at the Ambon: Deacon: Give the command! (Omit if there is no deacon) Deacon:& b œ WGive the command! œ ˙ ˙ œ œ W Response:Lord, have mercy.
[Show full text]
St Nicholas Greek Orthodox Cathedral SUMMER COFFEE HOURS! Cordially Invites
August 1, 2017 Father’s Message Beloved Brothers and Sisters in Christ: Greetings in our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ! St. At the heart of the worship life of Orthodox Christians is the celebration of the Divine Liturgy. And at the heart of the Divine Liturgy is the celebration of the Holy Eucharist. This ritual is the most Nicholas ancient and universal in the history of our Church, going back all the way to our Lord and Savior Jesus Greek Christ, who instituted it at His last meal with His disciples before His death, called the “Mystical Supper” in our tradition. He declared the bread to be His Body, and the wine to be His Blood. We make this Orthodox miracle real again every time we repeat His words, and invoke God the Father to send down His Holy Cathedral Spirit to effect the change. How exactly this happens, our Church does not attempt to analyze; it is the “mystery” at the heart of the Mystical Supper. All we know is that it is the Lord’s ardent desire that we be united to Him and to one another not just spiritually, but also in a material, tangible way, through receiving AUGUST 2017 Holy Communion. In this manner, we are invited to experience a foretaste of God’s Kingdom already in this life, “for remission of sins and life everlasting.” Newsletter When the priest invokes the Holy Spirit, the prayer focuses on more than the bread and wine. The exact words are: “Once again we offer to you this spiritual worship without the shedding of blood, and we ask, pray, and entreat you: send down Your Holy Spirit upon us and upon these gifts here present- Points of ed.” The blessing, the sanctification is intended not just for what is in the chalice, but also on everyone Interest Inside: who is present for the worship service.
[Show full text]
A Byzantine Christmas
VOCAL ENSEMBLE 26th Annual Season October 2017 Tchaikovsky: All-Night Vigil October 2017 CR Presents: The Byrd Ensemble November 2017 Arctic Light II: Northern Exposure December 2017 A Byzantine Christmas January 2018 The 12 Days of Christmas in the East February 2018 Machaut Mass with Marcel Pérès March 2018 CR Presents: The Tudor Choir March 2018 Ivan Moody: The Akáthistos Hymn April 2018 Venice in the East A Byzantine Christmas: Sun of Justice 1 What a city! Here are just some of the classical music performances you can ﬁnd around Portland, coming up soon! JAN 11 | 12 FEB 10 | 11 A FAMILY AFFAIR SOLO: LUKÁŠ VONDRÁCˇEK, pianist Spotlight on cellist Marilyn de Oliveira Chopin, Smetana, Brahms, Scriabin, Liszt with special family guests! PORTLANDPIANO.ORG | 503-228-1388 THIRDANGLE.ORG | 503-331-0301 FEB 16 | 17 | 18 JAN 13 | 14 IL FAVORITO SOLO: SUNWOOK KIM, pianist Violinist Ricardo Minasi directs a We Love Our Volunteers! Bach, Beethoven, Schumann, Schubert program of Italy’s ﬁnest composers. n tns to our lol volunteers o serve s users ste re o oe ersonnel osts PORTLANDPIANO.ORG | 503-228-1388 PBO.ORG | 503-222-6000 or our usns or n ottee eers n oe ssstnts Weter ou re ne to JAN 15 | 16 FEB 21 us or ou ve een nvolve sne te ennn tn ou or our otent n nness TAKÁCS QUARTET MIRÓ QUARTET WITH JEFFREY KAHANE “The consummate artistry of the Takács is Co-presented by Chamber Music Northwest ou re vlue rt o te O l n e re rteul simply breathtaking” The Guardian and Portland’5 Centers for the Arts FOCM.ORG | 503-224-9842 CMNW.ORG | 503-294-6400 JAN 26-29 FEB 21 WINTER FESTIVAL: CONCERTOS MOZART WITH MONICA Celebrating Mozart’s 262nd birthday, Baroque Mozart and Michael Haydn string quartets DEC 20 concertos, and modern concertos performed by Monica Huggett and other PDX VIVALDI’S MAGNIFICAT AND GLORIA CMNW.ORG | 503-294-6400 favorites.
[Show full text]
A Concise Glossary of the Genres of Eastern Orthodox Hymnography
Journal of the International Society for Orthodox Church Music Vol. 4 (1), Section III: Miscellanea, pp. 198–207 ISSN 2342-1258 https://journal.fi/jisocm A Concise Glossary of the Genres of Eastern Orthodox Hymnography Elena Kolyada [email protected] The Glossary contains concise entries on most genres of Eastern Orthodox hymnography that are mentioned in the article by E. Kolyada “The Genre System of Early Russian Hymnography: the Main Stages and Principles of Its Formation”.1 On the one hand the Glossary is an integral part of the article, therefore revealing and corroborating its principal conceptual propositions. However, on the other hand it can be used as an independent reference resource for hymnographical terminology, useful for the majority of Orthodox Churches worldwide that follow the Eastern Rite: Byzantine, Russian, Bulgarian, Serbian et al., as well as those Western Orthodox dioceses and parishes, where worship is conducted in English. The Glossary includes the main corpus of chants that represents the five great branches of the genealogical tree of the genre system of early Christian hymnography, together with their many offshoots. These branches are 1) psalms and derivative genres; 2) sticheron-troparion genres; 3) akathistos; 4) canon; 5) prayer genres (see the relevant tables, p. 298-299).2 Each entry includes information about the etymology of the term, a short definition, typological features and a basic statement about the place of a particular chant in the daily and yearly cycles of services in the Byzantine rite.3 All this may help anyone who is involved in the worship or is simply interested in Orthodox liturgiology to understand more fully specific chanting material, as well as the general hymnographic repertoire of each service.
[Show full text]
Alexandru-Tsougras Paper
On the Methodology of Structural Analysis in Byzantine and Classical Western Music - A Comparison Maria Alexandru Department of Music, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece [email protected] Costas Tsougras Department of Music, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece [email protected], http://users.auth.gr/~tsougras Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Interdisciplinary Musicology (CIM08) Thessaloniki, Greece, 3-6 July 2008, http://web.auth.gr/cim08/ Byzantine neumes show us how to sing, not that music is this one1 Background in Byzantine Musicology. The signs of the Old Byzantine notation and before the Reform of the Three Teachers (1814) are polyvalent. The very same sign can be interpreted in many different ways depending on the context. The decoding-rendition of the pieces written in middle-Byzantine notation requires the knowledge of orally transmitted performance rules which can be inferred to a great extent from the exegetical work of the Three Teachers and their pupils. During the last century the validity and age of such performance rules have been questioned in many publications (Psachos, Tillyard, Stathis, Husmann, Raasted, Lingas etc). Background in Western Music Theory. The reason why reductional analysis methodologies have yielded so remarkable results in the analysis of Western tonal music (from the 16th to the 20th century) is that, as proved by recent research in music history and the investigation of practical sources and manuscripts, the process of composing-out (Auskomponierung in Schenkerian terminology) has always been a major compositional practice (composing-out is the expansion of a fundamental structure through prolongations and elaborations in various ways and on differrent levels).
[Show full text]
September 2002 Volume 46 No. 7 Contents
SEPTEMBER 2002 VOLUME 46 NO. 7 CONTENTS 3 EDITORIAL By Very Rev. John Abdalah ◆ 4 THE HISTORIC TRIP TO THE MIDDLE EAST By Very Rev. Joseph Antypas The Most Reverend Metropolitan PHILIP, D.H.L., D.D. 12 METROPOLITAN PHILIP, SCOBA Primate MEET WITH PRESIDENT BUSH The Right Reverend 13 ARCHDIOCESAN OFFICE Bishop Antoun, Auxiliary 16 METROPOLITAN PHILIP DEDICATES The Right Reverend BUILDINGS AT ANTIOCHIAN VILLAGE … Bishop Joseph, Auxiliary CONTINUES DREAM The Right Reverend 17 THE DEPARTMENT OF Bishop Basil, Auxiliary CHRISTIAN EDUCATION The Right Reverend 22 LOVE GOES ON: THE DAYS AFTER THE Bishop Demetri, Auxiliary ARSON FIRE AT THE ORTHODOX CHURCH Founded in Arabic as OF THE REDEEMER Al Kalimat in 1905 By Samer Bahou by Saint Raphael Hawaweeny Founded in English as 24 THE MEANING OF PILGRIMAGE The Word in 1957 By Bishop Demetri by Metropolitan Antony Bashir 29 WHY PILGRIMAGE? Editor in Chief By Fr. Michael Massouh The Very Rev. John P. Abdalah, D.Min. 30 ARCHBISHOP HERMAN OF PHILADELPHIA Assistant Editor ELECTED PRIMATE OF THE ORTHODOX Joanne M. Abdalah, MSW CHURCH IN AMERICA Editorial Board 31 ANTIOCHIAN HOUSE OF STUDIES The Very Rev. Joseph J. Allen, Th.D. CONFERS FIRST GRADUATE DEGREES Anthony Bashir, Ph.D. The Very Rev. Antony Gabriel, Th.M. 32 COMMUNITIES IN ACTION The Very Rev. Peter Gillquist 35 THE ORTHODOX WORLD Linda Hopkins Anne Glynn Mackoul, J.D. 35 THE PEOPLE SPEAK … Ronald Nicola Najib E. Saliba, Ph.D. MEMBER The Very Rev. Paul Schneirla, M.Div. The Associated Church Press Design Director Conciliar Press Donna Griffin Albert Ecumenical News International Editorial Office: Orthodox Press Service The Word 1777 Quigg Dr.
[Show full text]
Byzantine Hymnography and the Quest for Orthodox Unity: Notes on the Liturgical Commemoration of the Council of Chalcedon, Towar
Byzantine Hymnography and the Quest for Orthodox Unity: Notes on the Liturgical Commemoration of the Council of Chalcedon, Towards the Reconciliation of “Eastern” and “Oriental” Churches Gregory Tucker* Among the issues remaining to be addressed along the path to reconciliation between the “Eastern” and “Oriental” Orthodox is the characterisation of Oriental teachers as heretics in the liturgical texts of the Byzantine Rite. The mere suggestion of liturgical revision to reflect the agreement that multiple theological vocabularies are legitimate and therefore theologians associated with them should not be anathematized or deprecated has been met with fierce opposition from some Eastern Orthodox. This paper considers what might actually be involved in such a revision, taking as an example the texts for the commemoration of the Council of Chalcedon. It suggests that the extent of necessary revision would be far less than is perhaps feared. Keywords: Chalcedon, liturgy, liturgical revision, Byzantine Rite, Eastern Or- thodox, Oriental Orthodox Introduction From an Orthodox perspective, one of the great fruits of modern ecumen- ism1 has been the inauguration of a new phase in the relationship between the “Eastern” and “Oriental” Orthodox churches.2 An unofficial bilateral dialogue began in 1964, which became an official dialogue in 1985. Initial conversations correctly prioritised discussion of contested points in Chris- tology (disagreement over which contributed significantly to and, to a large * Gregory Tucker, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93503 Regensburg, Germa- ny, [email protected] 1 This paper will not address opposition on principle to ecumenical dialogue (including dialogue between separated Orthodox groups) which is a common–indeed, characteristic– feature of some traditions within contemporary Eastern Orthodoxy.
[Show full text]
Dictionary of Religious Terms
IMPORTANT INFORMATION – Please Read! his lexicon began as a personal project to assist me in my efforts to learn more about my faith. All too often in my T readings I was coming across unfamiliar words, frequently in languages other than English. I began compiling a “small” list of terms and explanations to use as a reference. Since I was putting this together for my own use I usually copied explanations word for word, occasionally making a few modifications. As the list grew I began having trouble filling in some gaps. I turned to some friends for help. They in turn suggested this lexicon would be a good resource for the members of the Typikon and Ustav lists @yahoogroups.com and that list members maybe willing to help fill the gaps and sort out some other trouble spots. So, I present to you my lexicon. Here are some details: This draft version, as of 19 December 2001, contains 418 entries; Terms are given in transliterated Greek, Greek, Old Slavonic, Ukrainian, and English, followed by definitions/explanations; The terms are sorted alphabetically by “English”; The Greek transliteration is inconsistent as my sources use different systems; This document was created with MS Word 97 and converted to pdf with Adobe Acrobat 5.0 (can be opened with Acrobat Reader 4.0); Times New Roman is used for all texts except the Old Slavonic entries for which I used a font called IZHITSA; My sources are listed at the end of the lexicon; Permission has not been obtained from the authors so I ask that this lexicon remain for private use only.
[Show full text]
2019 WSMI Binders
Sacred Music Institute Winter 2019: East Meets West Sts. Constantine & Helen Orthodox Church 1225 East Rosemeade Parkway, Carrollton, Texas 75007 – (214) 350-2104 Friday, February 15, 2019 10:00 Welcome (Paul Jabara, Fr. David Lewis) 10:30 Vocal Technique (Anamaria Popescu) 11:30 East Meets West: Communion Hymn and Prayer of Saint Simeon 1:00 Lunch 2:00 Keeping Liturgy Prayerful (Chris Farha) 3:00 Western Rite: Introduction (Bishop JOHN) 3:30 Rehearsal: Western Rite Vespers (Kh. Rebecca Alford) 5:00 Western Rite Vespers 6:00 Dinner 7:00 Vocal Technique (Anamaria Popescu) 7:30 Rehearsal: Hierarchical Divine Liturgy (Paul Jabara) Saturday, February 16, 2019 9:30 Vocal Technique (Anamaria Popescu) 10:00 Breakout Sessions • Presanctified Liturgy (Dn. John El Massih) • Gregorian Chant (Ian Abodeely) • Music Theory (Kh. Nancy Hanna Long) • Conducting (Mareena Boosamra Ball) 12:00 Lunch 1:00 Rehearsal: Hierarchical Divine Liturgy (Paul Jabara) 2:00 Breakout Sessions (Repeated) 4:00 Rehearsal: Eastern Rite Vespers (Deacon John El Massih) 5:00 Eastern Rite Vespers 6:00 Dinner 7:00 What Makes Music Sacred? (Anamaria Popescu) Sunday, February 17, 2019 9:00 Orthros 10:00 Divine Liturgy 12:00 Lunch 2:00 Eastern and Western Worship (Bishop JOHN) 3:00 Choral Placement (Mareena Boosamra Ball) 4:00 Sight-Singing: New Music (Panel) 6:00 Dinner at Spring Creek Barbeque His Eminence Archbishop of New York and The Most Reverend Metropolitan of Metropolitan 36 JOSEPH All North America ANTIOCHIAN ORTHODOX CHRISTIAN ARCHDIOCESE OF NORTH AMERICA February 15, 2019 Dear Paul, Deacon John, Esteemed Members of the Department of Sacred Music, and Beloved Participants of the Winter Sacred Music Institute: Greetings and blessings in the Name of Our Lord, God, and Savior, Jesus Christ! I am very pleased to welcome you to Carrollton, Texas for the Winter Sacred Music Institute.
[Show full text]
2019 SMI Agenda
Name: Room Number: Sacred Music Institute Materials: Table of Contents Welcome, brothers and sisters, to a week of musical challenges and inspiration! In this binder are the handouts you will need for our general sessions, along with instructions for inserting the five colored tabs within them. You will receive more handouts at breakout sessions. All materials are available online from http://ww1.antiochian.org/2019-smi-handouts. Introductory Material • Table of Contents / Welcome Letter (this page) • Course Descriptions / Presenter Biographies (4 sheets) 1) YELLOW Tab goes here, before page titled “Confession Handout” • Wednesday General Session (4 sheets): Confession • Thursday General Session (2 sheets): Unction • Thursday Service (22 sheets): Unction Service 2) RED Tab goes here, before page titled “Rejouce, O Virgin Theotokos’” • Thursday General Session (20 sheets): Wedding / Ordination • Friday General Session (11 sheets): Baptism / Chrismation 3) WHITE Tab goes here, before page titled “Taking the Stress out of ‘Master, Bless!’” • Friday General Session (2 sheets): Chanting with a Hierarch • Friday evening Daily Vespers (5 sheets) • Sunday morning Orthros (17 sheets) 4) GREEN Tab goes here, before page titled “The Great Litany” • Friday and Sunday Divine Liturgies (27 sheets) 5) PINK Tab goes here, for use with breakout sessions If you brought a small binder or folder, you may simply transfer the music for each service from your main binder to the smaller one. Your shoulders will be thanking you by Sunday! Sacred Music Institute July 10-14, 2019 Dearest brothers and sisters in Christ: On Holy Pentecost, as we celebrate the coming of the Holy Spirit, the Synaxarion boldly refutes the popular idea that Pentecost is the birthday of the Church.
[Show full text]
Hymnographic Terminology
Hymnographic Terminology The beginning of wisdom is to call things by their right names. Before proceeding to other introductory topics it is necessary that a preliminary understanding of the basic hymnological terminology be attained, since this terminology will be continuously encountered. Parallel to the Scriptural 3 the fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom (Prov. 9,10) is the ancient proverb the beginning of wisdom is to call things by their right name. If we are to comprehend any subject, it is imperative that we know the key words well. Naturally, we will not extend ourselves to scholastic interpretations and analyses, with etymological references and linguistic notations, as would be necessary in a specialized study of hymnographic terminology. For the purpose of giving a practical overview, what follows is a list of the most common terms, in alphabetical order, used in hymnology and afterwards, the basic liturgical books of our Church. These books are referred to often, and in them the great majority of the ecclesiastical hymns are preserved. Akolouthia (liturgical service). Every ecclesiastical ritual, whether performed daily (i.e. Orthros, Vespers, Hours, etc.) or irregularly (i.e. water blessings, mysteries, special processions), is accompanied by hymns, prayers and readings, as dictated by the Typikon (see below). Today we also refer to the Phyllada as Akolouthia. This book contains the hymnography and Synaxarion for a particular Saint or feast not found in the other liturgical books or a service that has been composed by another hymnographer for some particular miracle, such as newly-revealed Saint or other events.
[Show full text]
About Vespers
About Vespers by Stan Takis The Divine Liturgy is the supreme service of the Orthodox Church, because it is where we receive the sacrament of Holy Communion. But our church is not a church of Sunday morning and holidays only. Our church is a 24/7, 365-days-of-the-year church. The Orthodox Church has a daily cycle of prayer services that are apart from the sacramental services. These daily services consist of Sunset (Vespers), After-Supper or Apodhipnon (Compline), Midnight ( Mesonyktikon ), Sunrise (Orthros), and the First Hour, Third Hour, Sixth Hour, and Ninth Hour services. Some people think these are only monastic services, but that is not true. Yes, they are celebrated daily in monasteries and sometimes in public churches with priests and deacons. But these services are found in a book called the Horologion . In this book all of the services are written for just a Reader and a Chanter (the People). In other words, these are services that can be celebrated without clergy. They are services of the people and they are at our disposal, so we may pray appropriate prayers and chant appropriate hymns every day of the year and every hour of the day, if we want to or need to. When these services are celebrated in a church or monastery with clergy present, the parts chanted by the priests and deacons can be found in a book called the Euchologion . There are certain parts of these services that are fixed, and there are other parts of these services that are dependent upon many things—the celebration of the events or saints of the day, cycles of scripture readings, a weekly cycle of eight musical tones, among other things.
[Show full text]