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Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Capital Region Independent Development Authority

FACTS & FIGURES

crida.gov.af [email protected] crida.afg crida_afg crida.afg crida.afg

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H.E. President of Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Cities should be livable not only in terms of their physical structure but also socially and culturally. We must remove outdated bureaucratic hurdles and red tape, and formulate the right policies for urban planning and housing. Urban affairs have been the focus of our attention during the past years, and we now have the opportunity of practical implementation. Development of affordable housing will not be exclusive to the civilian sector, affordable housing will be extended to the personnel of all Army Corps. Referring to the fact that cities and villages underpin the nation, work on strengthening ties between cities and villages has been initiated, and ties between cities and villages feature in our planning for strengthening a national marketplace.

CEO of Capital Region Independent Development Authority The absence of sound urban environment in the Capital of the country has caused this city with huge challenges, where considering its insigniﬁcant concentrated commercial and service centers, the population increases, along with the graph of problems also moves upward. Therefore, to address the issue, the solution should be mainstreamed in the capital region including Kabul, Parwan, Kapisa, Maidan Wardak and Logar Provinces. Capital Region Independent Development Authority (CRIDA) is established with the vision to lay down strong platform to address the current issues through rehabilitating the originality of capital zone, by developing a dynamic, self-sustained, self-reliant city, equipped with standardized infrastructure, public facilities, commercial, social and cultural centers. The Authority aims for a balanced and sustainable development at the capital region through strengthening relation between cities and villages, giving considerable weightage to empowering youth and women, avoiding establishment of townships based on tribes, sects, languages and other social bonds which consequently would result to national unity. CRIDA will provide all sorts of facilitation as a one stop shop for all stakeholders through a vibrant, transparent, fast and modern management approaches. Messages

Message of technical planning director From dispersion to balanced development It is with great pride and accomplishment that I present capital region vision 2030 with the major basis of balanced development. It is envisioned that existing potentials of capital region city centers would be a great chance to attract the development from the Kabul city. Our development concepts focus on several issues such as preparing a platform to enhance social cohesion through integration of social groups in the urban plans by consideration of neighborhood and Gozar principles in planning of residential areas, focusing on urban rural complementarity concept which help shaping the physical and social structure between the villages and the city centers, promotion of urban governance and management that provides the opportunity to decrease corruption, conservation of culture and ecology, revitalization of afghan art and architecture identity, fostering economic growth through establishment of economic zones value chain, enhancing participation of youth, women and private sector and increasing employment opportunities with initiation of labor intensive programs. The vision 2030 is envisaged to be a main platform for all relevant organizations involved in development of capital region which basically represent ﬁve major programs like balanced urban development, creation of economic zones, upgrading, renovation and improving the quality of unplanned settlements, good urban governance and development of main infrastructure. TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1 : Background of Capital Region 1 Chapter 2 : Vision and Goal of CRIDA 3 Chapter 3 : Good Governance 6 1.1 E - Governance 6 1.2 Capital Building 6 1.3 Development of capital and provincial centers 6 Chapter 4 : Balanced urban development in CapitaL Region 7 Chapter 5: Establishment of Economic zones 9 1 Industrial parks 9 2 Recreational and Economic zone 10 3 Development of Logistic parks 11 4 Recreational parks and greenery 14 5 Downtown development 15

Chapter 6: Upgrading and improving the quality of un-planned settlement 16 1 Informal Settlement 16

Chapter 7: Infrastructure Development 20 1 Transportation system 19 2 Energy Resources & Power supply 34 3 Telecommunication 39 4 Culture and heritage facilities 40 5 Sewerage and drainage 43 6 Waste management 43

Public facilities 45 1 Health facilities 45 2 Education facilities 57 3 Religious facilities 59 4 Recreation and greenery 50 Background of CRIDA

As per the Presidential Decree No. 44 dated 03/03/1395 based on Cabinet Resolution No. 3 dated 10/03/1395 of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, in order to create safe urban environment and tackle the problems caused by ever increasing population growth in the capital considering the concentrated economic activities and services provision, Dehsabz City Development Authority (DCDA) has been promoted to Capital Region Independent Development Authority (CRIDA) having the authority as Independent Budgetary Unit within the organizational structure of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. The Capital Region comprises the Kabul city including its all districts, Maidan Shahr City of Maidan Wardak Province, Charikar City and the districts of Bagram and Jabal Siraj of Parwan province, Mahmud Raqi City and Kohistanat district of Kapisa Province, Pul-i-Alam City, Mohammad Agha & Khoshi districts of Logar Province. The total area of the capital region is more than 7735 km2. With Formation of Capital Region Independent Development Authority (CRIDA), not only the KNC Master Plans would be implemented, but it would also pave the way for the development of Capital Region with broader visions which are brieﬂy narrated as follows:

1. Transforming the Capital Region by turning it into a mega city that is clean, full of greenery, cultured with booming industries and commerce, sports and tourism and ultimately a city with all facilities that are available in any modern city of the world. 2. Building a metropolitan city that is self-reliant and sustainable, a city that has infrastructure and facilities of high standards with healthy physical environment. 3. Building a city that is free of ethnic, linguistic, racial and religious prejudices. 4. Promoting urban culture and enhancing the standard of city life through development of the Capital Region. 5. Development of cities (through decentralization for balanced development) within the Capital Region by protecting the originality, historical value and organic linkages with the existing Kabul city to transform the entire capital zone into a symbol of national unity.

CRIDA Vision The total area of the Capital Region is around 7735 kilometer. The areas located within the Capital Region are as follows: 1 Kabul province comprising the Kabul city with its districts as follows:

 Dehsabz  Shakardara  Mirbacha kot  Paghman  Kalakan  Char Asyab  Qara Bagh  Mosahee  Guldara  Khak-i-Jabar  Farza  Bagrami  Estalif  Surubi 1 1. Maidan Shahr of Maidan Wardak Province. 2. Charikar City, Jabal Siraj district, Saidkhil district and Bagram districts of Parwan Province 3. Mahmud Raqi district, Kohistan 1st District, Kohistan 2nd District of Kapisa Province 4. Pul-i-Alam City and Mohammad Agha district and Khoshi district of Logar Province.

ID Province Area K Meters 1 Logar 265919 2659 2 Wardak 25968 260 3 Kabul 485207 4852 4 Parwan 68807 688 5 Kapisa 24912 249 Total 870813 8708

2 Vision and Goal of CRIDA

The Capital region Vision 2030 is the result of an inclusive and cooperative approach, designed to ensure a strategy that is realistic, based on measurable trends and reflective of the aspirations of stakeholders involved within the region and more focusing on decentralization. The capital region vision 2030 is consisting of five main attributes which will be functioning as five programs:

1 ‐ Good governance Governance is crosscutting critical facilitating factors in the process of achieving the Development Goals and recently Good governance is being increasingly used particularly in the development literatures, therefore, Good governance has 8 major characteristics. It is participatory, consensus oriented, accountable, transparent, responsive, effective and efﬁcient, equitable and inclusive and follows the rule of law. It assures that corruption is minimized, the views of minorities are taken into account and that the voices of the most vulnerable in society are heard in decision-making. It is also responsive to the present and future needs of society.

2 ‐ Balanced urban development Balanced development is a key policy objective of the Capital Region 2030. Its use combines a distributive and integrative meaning, and links this to spatial structure of the region. Balanced development has a long history in the spatial planning ﬁeld. It refers to several different dimensions of the territorial development of regions and sub regions (Parwan, Maidan shahr, Pole alam, Kabul and Surobi), each involving a different relation of balance. a. It relates to the distribution of economic activity and access to it across a region b. It relates to the balance between activities within a region. This could refer to a balance between development and infrastructure provision, or between the promotion of economic development and the provision of housing and services. c. It relates to a balanced 'spatial structure', which refers to the availability of spatially-ﬁxed assets such as transport infrastructures, across all the regions within Europe. It also refers to a balance in the settlement structure, such that towns and cities complement each other rather than compete. d. It relates to balance in time, and parallels the idea that development should be phased so that the provision of activities in a development comes on stream in a co-ordinated way.

3 ‐ Establishment of economic zones Economic Zone has attracted considerable influence during last decades in all over the world, but there is no significant growth in Afghanistan. Economic zones are typically geared to one or more of the following economic goals: a. Strengthen and facilitate value chains and supply chains to foster rural-urban linkages , preferably linked to specific sectors; b. Value chain assessments for specific clusters which exhibit growth potential based on qualitative and quantitative data and research undertaken; c. Agro-based manufacturing sector for value-added goods promoted by providing suitable resources in proximity to urban cores in order to increase market access; d. Freight, logistics, warehousing, and refrigeration facilities (transport-distribution- logistics) priorities near agro-industrial hubs; e. Stimulate urban agriculture and 'kitchen gardening' to improve food security. 3 4 ‐ Upgrading, renovaon and improving the quality of un‐planned selement Slum upgrading is often seen as one of the more effective ways of tackling urban poverty, the approaches taken by slum upgrading policies vary considerably, as do their degrees of success. The main purpose of this vision is to focus on methodology that how to coupe and tackle the problems of slums and informal settlement considering more than 70 percent of the people living in slum. The methods are 1). Adaptable land readjustment 2).Urban regeneration and 3).Improvement, the main objectives are as follow: a. Review and pass the informal settlements upgrading policy; b. Upgrading programming through CDCs and Gozar assemblies; c. Local integration of protracted IDP settlements, in line with city master plans; d. Special projects for women- and youth-led initiatives at CDC and Gozar levels. e. Undertake mapping of hazard areas where households occupy and relocate households to safe locations; f. Identification, demarcation, and securing of strategic urban renewal sites in five major cities; g. Develop and approve urban renewal guidelines; h. Established regulatory framework for land readjustment; I Through existing communities and with the private sector, develop and implement urban renewal (e.g. Darluman; Airport Road).

5 ‐ Development of infrastructure The provision of quality and efﬁcient infrastructure services is essential to realize the full potential of the growth impulses surging through the economy. Afghanistan, while stepping up public investment in infrastructure, recently has been actively engaged in involving private sector to meet the growing demand for instance, vast investment in development of industries and Surobi 2 by Alokozai Group of Companies is a good example.

Good governance

Balanced urban development

Establishment of economic zones

Upgrading of un‐planned selement

Development of infrastructure

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Legend Mountains Slopes Open Spaces Military Bases Residential Area Industrial Urban built up River Airports Agriculture Villages Land Cover Capital Region 5 Good governance:

1 ‐ E‐Governance Good governance can be achieved through e governance. E-Governance has been recognized as a vital force for transformational improvement in quality, efficiency and effectiveness of governance. Electronic Government or E-Government is one of the hot topics and new trend in governance field. Its definition is yet to be finalized, but any governance or public services through Electronics and Technology can be defined as E-Government. E-governance programs may include:

 Computerization of government ofﬁces  Making available online government registration and applications forms  Computerization of data and records such as land and property ownership  Provision of public access to the internet in remote areas through public libraries  Use of code bars for authentication of documents

2 ‐ Capacity building Training programs for governmental stuff through local capacity building seminars and workshops

Good governance

Balanced urban development

Establishment of economic zones

Upgrading of un‐planned selement

Development of infrastructure

Skill development Fight against corruption Public awareness programs

3 ‐ De velopment of capital and provincial centers The main aim of Capital region is to Development of capital and provincial center facilities with the modernization of existing facilities with its projects will be discuss in the infrastructure chapter

6 Balanced urban development in Capital Region

The aim of achieving balanced development across the Capital region territory strongly echoes government development policy.  Development of Local Economy and Agriculture  Restoration and rehabilitation of culture heritage and historical sites  Empowerment women through skills and knowledge  Development of new housing schemes I. Social housing II. Affordable housing III. Development of Kabul New City IV. Development of Surobi new City

Kabul New City Master PlanE 7 Surobi Master plan prepared by crida

 Balanced livability in Capital Region  Balanced development of education  Balanced development of health  Development of balanced security in Capital Region  Balance Creation of Business Center 8 Establishment of economic zones

1 ‐ Industrial parks CRIDA have plan to design and plan industrial park in Mohammad Agha, Parwan, sarobi and other districts which have capacity to attract investors and availability of land.

Existing and Proposed economic zones

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Legend

Proposed Logistic parks

Proposed Industrial park

KCORR Existing industrial park CR Highway Central Region districts

9 2 ‐ Recreaonal and Economic zone CRIDA have plan to design and plan Recreational and Economic zone in Gul ghundi, Sayad, Pagman, Estalif, Qargha, Dehsabz and Muhammad Aga Economic and Recreational zones which have capacity to attract investors and availability of land.

Recreational and Economic zones

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S Legend

Recreaonal and Economic zone

Paghman salang Recreaonal path

10 3 ‐ Development of Logisc Parks Logistics play a citadel role in the modern intelligent supply chain management. It is defined as the broad range of activities concerned with effective and efficient movement of semi- fi n i s h e d o r fi n i s h e d p r o d u c t f r o m o n e b u s i n e s s t o a n o t h e r o r f r o m manufacturer/distributor/retailer to the end consumer. It relates to freight transportation, warehousing material handling, protective packaging inventory control, order processing, and marketing, forecasting and other value added services.

Development of Logistic Parks

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11  Ofﬁce space  Facilities for manufacturing, packaging, parking, mechanized handling, intermodal transfers, sorting and grading  Cold chain center  Aggregation/disaggregation to handle domestic and EXIM freight

Mission To provide total quality service in the ﬁeld of warehousing logistic services, wholes sales market, terminals and related activities with value addition to customers satisfaction. To create a center or speciﬁc area where all the activities relating to transport, logistics, markets and goods distribution both for national and international transit are carried out, on a commercial basis, by various operators.

Objecve  To provide a high quality transport system  To improve and create logistic chains  To meet the changing need of agriculture, trade industry and other sectors by providing scientiﬁc warehousing, logistic services and related infrastructural facilities.  Efﬁcient human resource management in order to enhance productivity and customers satisfactions and reduce losses during warehousing and distribution.  Capital Region Independence Development Authority (CRIDA)

12 Logisc Parks The contents of the comprehensive functions are:  The integration of logistics and various forms of it.  The role and methods can be well comprehensive and approachable to storage.  Packing, handling, distribution processing and other practices are maintained as well.

Various aributes of a cluster based Logiscs Park  Focus on the enterprises and their needs  Owned and managed by user enterprises  Pre marketed  Customized infrastructure  Reasonably sized optimizing the per unit cost of common infrastructure  Supply chain within the park leading to economies of scale  Shared infrastructure Proactive support for external infrastructure and clearances  Robust O&M framework

Key features of the logiscs parks  They will be over 100 acres in size  Integrated systems accessible by multiple modes of transport  Container terminals  Bulk/break- Bulk cargo terminals  Warehouses  Third-party logistics players  CFSs  Banking and insurance 13 4 ‐ Recreaonal parks and greenery The following areas have been considered for establishing recreational economic zones:  Qargha  Sukhab area in Mohammad Agha district of logar province  Rcreatioanl path from paghman to Salang  Estalif area  Gulghundi area  Sayed area  Central Park of Kabul New City

In reference to the vision of H.E Presedent a recreation path from Paghaman to salang has been propsed which will connect four recreational zones and ended to Parwan Provicne in initial development stage. The recreational path will be used cross the green vallies, villages, gardens and conncet several recreational area with different characters.

14 5 ‐ Downtown development A Downtown is the core commercial and business center of a city. In larger cities, it is often synonymous with the city's "ﬁnancial district". In Afghanistan usually downtown includes includes Mandawi (CBD), Eid gah masjid, malls, parks and etc, these areas include many governmental, commercial, cultural and historical areas which makes the downtown valuable. The downtown is located in the center of the city. In downtown most of this area has been used as a commercial area from the past and still it includes one of the biggest bazaars has got historical value.

Cold storage Logar and Wardak Provinces is major provinces for production of fruit and vegetables, as already stated due to lack of post-harvest handling, including lack of cold storage technology lead to about 30-35% of fruit and vegetable to spoilage. There is an urgent need for establishment of cold storage in Logar and Wardak to overcome the post-harvest losses and enhance the shelf life of fresh agriculture product for off-season usage. To provide a variety of fruits and vegetables over a long season, fruit producers in Logar province need to store their product in cold storage to reduce post-harvest losses and extend revenue period while maintaining product quality and freshness. In Afghanistan there is only few major cold storage complexes with a capacity of more than 500 MT, but mentioned cold storage complex is not used by local for their production but it has been owned by traders and they used it with aim to supply food to bagram airbase and international military forces.

15 Upgrading, renovaon and improving the quality of un‐planned selement Informal Selement The main causes for the growth of informality in Afghanistan are the rapid growth of population, the huge regression of refugees to country, rural-urban migration, and above all the war and its impacts. As the phenomenon of war have negative impacts on different dimensions of human life. According to the basic information regarding informal settlement of the capital region, there are more than 70% population living in slum that have very less access to infrastructure, social amenities and employment. This intervention of development methods provides physical infrastructure and basic public services to all community. It targets people with good housing conditions and in a consolidated stage of development. The approach focuses on the physical improvement of urban development in all communities.

Objecve of informal selement upgrading (I To develop affordable and participatory measures for upgrading housing conditions and related support infrastructure in slum areas (ii) To plan and implement in collaboration with stakeholders programmes and pilot projects to minimize, eliminate and curtail the growth of slums. (iii) To harness central government's and urban authority (ties)'s resources in enhancing the contribution of slums to the urban economy. (iv) To ensure an appropriate institutional framework and mechanisms for effective implementation of slum upgrading programmes by different stakeholders.

16 Principles guiding informal selement (i) Provision of land tenure security and housing tenure security to enhance investments in slum areas (ii) Flexible legal and institutional framework that allows local initiatives in Slum upgrading (iii) Availability of appropriate urban planning framework that recognises slums and slum dwellers / residents as resources. (iv) It is essential that an integrated approach to slum upgrading is designed. (v) Mobilisation and coordination of stakeholders and resources for slum upgrading initiatives locally, nationally and internationally (vi) Slum upgrading needs to be complemented with preventive actions that stall the emergence of new slums. Hence the need for a twin track approach towards existing and potential future slums. (vii) Gender sensitivity and responsiveness (viii) Mobilisation and coordination of stakeholders and resources for slum upgrading initiatives locally, nationally and internationally (ix) Slum upgrading needs to be complemented with preventive actions that stall the emergence of new slums. Hence the need for a twin track approach towards existing and potential future slums. (x) Gender sensitivity and responsiveness Locaon of Reselements The intervention should not stand out from the surrounding environment in order to avoid stigmatization. Instead it should be integrated into the surrounding neighborhoods. Therefore, land Re-adjustment is more successful method for the upgrading of slum and informal settlement areas. The following locations have been selected to be initially upgraded: · Kabul · Parwan · Kapisa · Logar · Maidan shahr

Shows formal and informal settelments in Kabul City 17 For the initial stage the following areas have been selected in Kabul for upgrading and enhancing quality of life: 1. Yakatoot 2. Karte naw 3. Qalai zamankhan 4. Gul bagh 5. Dashte barchi 6. Khairkhana 7. Hill side areas

Land readjustment plan for yakatout area

18 Qalai Musa Upgrading Project

Goal and objecves of Qalai‐Musa upgrading project Considering the existing circumstances of the site we are planning to transform Qalae-Musa in surrounding areas into vibrant, integrated and self-sufﬁcient neighborhoods within a platform to be developed gradually.

19 Infrastructure Development There is no argument that infrastructure development, both economic and social, is one of the major determinants of economic growth, especially in developing countries like Afghanistan as in capital region. Production facilities which stimulate economic activities; Reduces trade costs and improves competitiveness Provides employment opportunities; Alleviates poverty; Improves quality of life. Lack of infrastructure causes production bottlenecks for sustainable growth and poverty alleviation and etc. 1 ‐ Transportaon system Kabul: Short term transportation projects in Kabul city The purpose for implementation of short term project is duration of 1-5 year, in this term of duration following activities and projects should be done to decrease congestion from city, decrease travel, increase workability, to make a convenient and safe transport system for Kabul city and nearby districts. Short term transportation projects are consist of: a) Urban road system development: b) East-west axes: c) City roads in the existing CBD: d) Secondary roads: e) Intersections: Policy for the Kabul city transport improvement Improvement of Following transport aspects to mitigate Kabul city congestion  Miss links resolution:  Improvement of community roads:  Improvement of roundabout system and trafﬁc signals:  Left turn pockets and median divides on wide roads:  Improvement of trafﬁc control in the Kabul city:  Road side parking/on street parking:

20 Policy for public transport improvement Public transport capacity should be much enhanced to reduce trafﬁc congestion with increasing trafﬁc. The following measures should be considered.

City bus terminal

Shows present major bus terminals in Kabul city

To mitigate congestion and trafﬁc jams from city centers, current 11 major terminals reduce to 4 major terminals and transfer to out of city centers, and also these 4 major bus terminals should build with internal standards.ﬁgure.14 shows proposed major bus terminals location.

21 shows proposed major bus terminals location

22 shows compare of required number of bus with current supply Required bus Current bus Needed No. Route Name (n/day) supply (n) bus (n) Deh afghnan- 1 28 - 28 Sarae shamale Sarae Shamali- 2 9 - 9 Kotal khair khana Deh Afghanan- 3 Lesa Maryam 28 10 18 Deh Afghanan- - 4 500 family 32 32 Charahi Ansari- - 5 Qalafatullha 52 52 Charahi Malik - 6 Asghat-Taimani 28 28 Charahi Malik 7 Asgahr-Kolola 24 - 24 poshta Charahi Malik 8 Asghr-Wazir 9 - 9 Akbar khan Charahi Welayat- - 9 Charahi Qambar 32 32 Senema Pamir- 10 Kota Sange 16 10 6 Senema Pamir 11 23 - 23 -Darul Aman Senema Pamir- 12 21 12 19 Karta Naw Senema Pamir- 13 25 - 25 Bene Hesar Shah 2 Shanshira- 14 26 - 26 Chil Ston Murad Khani- - 15 Kabul Airport 18 18 Murad Khani- 16 45 - 45 Pul Charkhi

23 Policy for the Kabul city transport improvement A ‐ Bole neck alleviaon (only images and graphs) There are several physical and natural bottlenecks in the Kabul city such as the Asamay Mountains, Kabul River, Bibimaru hill, Kabul airport and others. The road capacity passing through these sections should be expanded.

B ‐ Separaon of through traﬃc There are several physical and natural bottlenecks in the Kabul city such as the Asamay Mountains, Kabul River, Bibimaru hill, Kabul airport and others. The road capacity passing through these sections should be expanded.

C ‐ Separaon of through traffic Since the current major arterial roads are concentrated into the city center, District 1 and District 2, even inter-regional traffic passes through the city center. The through traffic should be separated from the city traffic as much as possible D ‐ Construcon of electrical toll gates Construction of toll gates are very important for collecting transport toll rates and this is an important step for removing corruption and increase governmental incomes.Figure.16 shows toll gate.

shows toll gate.

Kabul tolls gated should collect in only one direction; direction should be for those vehicles which go out of Kabul city. Toll gates should construct by private companies and collect toll rates in a contract for a period of time with government. Currently Kabul city needs to build 4 toll gates in 4 side of Kabul, these locations are:  Kabul-Kandahar Highway  Kabul-Jalalabad Road  Kabul-Gardez Highway  Kabul-Mazar Highway 24 Kabul city inner ring road To increase trafﬁc capacity of roads, connecting the southeast and the northwest parts of the city, an inner ring road should be established by improving the connections between existing roads.

a) Inner ring road importance and benefits Kabul inner ring road will be useful in different period of time.  Short term: In short term Kabul city inner ring road will be very useful for decreasing congestions and removing traffic jams from inside city centers.  Midterm: In midterm in Kabul city inner ring road introducing City circular bus will be very effective for encouragement of Kabul city residence to public transport.  Long term: In long term by increasing density and demand for public transport according to demand it is possible to change city circular bus to Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system or Light Rail Transit (LRT) system and there will be no need to build other road for BRT and LRT in the future. 25 Policy for public transport improvement  Improvement of Bus system: Present bus service in existing Kabul city has 54 rout with total length of 473km, in near future the demand for bus service will increase for better and convenient bus system in the future it should improve to 84 route and 735km length.  Introduction of exclusive or priority bus lanes: In order to control the expected future increase of private passenger cars, it is necessary to strengthen the public transport system and its services. Especially, the speed up and punctuality of bus services would be the key factors to attract passengers to the public transport. The traffic congestion in the Kabul city center especially during morning and evening peak hours is extreme so that it is desired to take measures for converting the traffic to public transport as soon as possible. To realize this, prior lanes or exclusive lanes for buses should be introduced.

Transfer bus terminals for suburban area Three types of bus terminals should be transferred from CBD to suburban areas.

Interchange bus terminals

City bus terminals

26 Long term transportaon project in Kabul city CRIDA proposed some transportation project to have a better future transportation system in Kabul city. Bus Rapid transit (BRT) system To be considered BRT, buses should operate for a significant part of their journey within a fully dedicated right of way (bus way) to avoid traffic congestion. In addition, a true BRT system has most of the following elements:  Alignment in the center of the road (to avoid typical curb-side delays).  Stations with off-board fare collection (to reduce boarding and alighting delay related to paying the driver).  Station platforms level with the bus floor and multiple bus doors for entry (to reduce boarding and alighting delay caused by steps and queuing).  Bus priority at intersections (to avoid intersection signal delay). The maximum capacity for the BRT is generally considered to be 7,000 trips/hour.

Bus Rapid transit (BRT) system

27 Light Rail transit (LRT) system Light rail transit (LRT) or fast tram is urban public transport using rolling stock similar to a tramway, but operating at a higher capacity, and often on an exclusive right-of-way.

Shows tram system.

28 Shows proposed alternative route for LRT 29 In Kabul city there is possibility of using Tramway in high congested area, in future years based on network assignment on Kabul city road network following routes are very congested area and using tramway in single route will be very useful for reducing trafﬁc:  Froshga- Sarae Shamali  Froshga- Kampany  Senoma pamir- Arzan Qemat  Kabul airport- Sarae Shamali

Shows proposed Tramway in high demand area of Kabul city 30 Flyover/under‐path at intersecons Considering the local site conditions in or close to the city center, it will be difﬁcult to provide grade separation at intersections. As a basic policy, it is desirable to promote grade separation at intersections in the suburban area, where trunk roads of not less than four lanes intersect.

shows existing and proposed ﬂyover in Kabul city intersections 31 shows Transport needs include BRT system in Kabul city

Shows Kabul City outer Ring Road 32 N

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shows Transport needs with LRT system in Kabul city

proposed BRT line with terminals witin the CR 33 2 - Energy Resources & Power Supply Kabul: The power is supplied to Kabul area from four generating plants with the total installed capacity of 245MW. The power supply for general public is still limited to evening through early morning, except during winter, December through February, when a peak demand is recorded. The electric power supply for the Kabul city is outlined as follows. Generating Facilities The generating capacity for the Kabul area consists of 188MW (75%) by hydro and the rest by thermal power. Existing power generating facilities are summarized in Table 1.1

Table Outlines of Existing Generating Facilities Generating Capacity(MW) Plant name Year Note method Installed Available Mahipar Hydro 1967 66(3×22) 19-35 Operate Oct.-April Reserve Water:65% Naghlu Hydro 1967 100(4×25) 100 at end of July 2008 Operational in Nov. to Sarobi Hydro 1957 22(2×11) 16.5 Mar: 75% North West Gas turbine 1985 45(22×23) 40 Small DEG Diesel N/A 11.5 2.5 Total 244.5 200.5

Existing system: Kabul has a 110 kV network with a feed-in from the Pul-e-Khomri lines and the several generation units in the Kabul region. The locations of the existing substations and power plants are given in Table 1.2. 34 Existing load and generation centers for Kabul Existing load Center Latitude N Longitude E for Kabul Chimtala 34°36'47.62" 69° 5'6.90" * Kabul North West 34°33'54.83" 69° 6'46.78" ** Kabul North 34°34'1.16" 69° 9'33.77" ** Kabul East 34°32'20.17" 69°15'45.50" ** Breshna Kot (Kabul Town) 34°29'42.89" 69° 9'56.60" ** Botkhak 34°29'58.37" 69°20'58.50" *** Pul-e-Charkhi 34°32'28.94" 69°21'16.05" ** Sarobi Town 34°37'54.49" 69°43'9.11" *** Existing Power Plants Latitude N Longitude E

Tarakhil 34°33'42.26" 69°17'40.73" **

Mahipar 34°33'21.07" 69°28'43.47" ** Naglu 34°38'27.48" 69°43'1.01" ** Sarobi 34°35'10.41" 69°46'34.04" *** Darunta 34°29'4.73" 70°21'47.48" *** * Substation coordinates given by DABS (DBS_026) * * Substation coordinates taken from map * * * Substation coordinates estimated from map Source: Annual report 2013 Islamic Republic of Afghanistan: Power Sector Master Plan: Prepared by FICHTNER Network expansion According to the load forecast peak demand in Kabul will increase to above 1200 MW in 2032 and the expected connection rate will reach almost 100%.

The load forecast for Kabul is given in the following table Year 2010 2011 2012 2015 2020 2025 2032 Population (Thousand) 3691.4 3818.7 No of Households 573.9 591.1 608.9 661.4 744.7 819.8 926.3 (Thousand) Connection rate (%) 43.9 44.4 52 74.8 91.5 94 97.5 Gross Electricity Demand (GWh) 1219.3 1701.8 1907.2 2564.1 3606.0 4605.8 6389.6 Peak Demand (MW) 248.1 402.0 441.4 559.4 718.1 876.3 1215.7

Source: Annual report 2013 Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Power Sector Master Plan: Prepared by FICHTNER

35 Parwan: Generating Facilities  Charikar Hydro Power Plant has capacity of 2400 KW; this power plant contains three turbines. In normal condition only one turbine is operational but occasionally two turbines are operated at their 50% capacity.  Jabl Saraj Hydro Power Plant has only one installed turbine with the capacity of 200 KW which operates based on the presence of water. This power plant is not operational now since another power plant is being constructed by PRT and the water ﬂow has been stopped for construction.  Ghorband Hydro Power Plant containing four turbines with the capacity of (4×100 KW) which makes a total of 400 KW is under construction. At the moment; it has only one operational turbine with the capacity of (30 KW). Source: Annual report, 2014, DABS. Logar: Generating Facilities Logar Province has four Power generating sources which include four Diesel generators with individual capacity of (1×500 KVA, 2×600 KVA, 1900 KVA) and total capacity 3.6 MVA. Source: Annual report, 2014, DABS. Existing System Logar province currently has no power supply from the national grid. A low connection rate of about 2% was reported for Logar province in 2011. Source: Annual report, 2013, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan: Power Sector Master Plan. Prepared by FICHTNER Network expansion Demand in Logar province will increase and peak load will reach 31 MW with a connection rate of 70%. Maidan Wardak: Generating Facilities Chak Wardak Hydro Power Plant operates under three turbines with total capacity of 3.3 MW. Two of the turbines are operational and one is not. Source: Annual report, 2013, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan: Power Sector Master Plan Prepared by FICHTNER. Existing System Wardak province is having no supply from the national transmission grid of Afghanistan. Only 4% of households were connected to the power supply from an isolated generation unit in 2011.

Kapisa: Kapisa province has no connection to the Afghan national grid and connection rate of households in Kapisa province was reported as Zero for 2011. Source: Annual report 2013, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan: Power Sector Master Plan Prepared by FICHTNER

36 Renewable Energy (Solar & Wind) Introduction: Afghanistan has significant renewable resources, primarily in the form of hydropower. It is estimated that 23,000MW of hydropower resources potential are available but only 260MW have been developed thus far. In mountainous areas there is sufficient head to make even very low flow streams effective, and glacier-fed streams provide year-round minimum water flow. Kabul: Solar radiation & wind Potential: Total solar radiation and wind potential in Afghanistan is shown in the below figures. Separate data for each of the provinces is not available. But the solar radiation is about 5 up to 5.5 kWh/m2/day in the Kabul, Logar, Parwan, Maidan Shahr and Kapisa provinces also the wind potential assessment is not good (fair) in the above 5 provinces.

Existing: Kabul: As seen in the ﬁgure 1 the potential of wind power generation is very low in Kabul province. Therefore, nothing is done in Wind Power Generation Section. On the other hand, the radiation of solar power generation is good in Kabul province. The following works have been done in solar power generation section: 1- Stand alone: Many systems deployed. 2- Mini-grid: pilot mini-grids (up to 1MW) deployed 3- Grid Tied: Draft Grid-tie (Kabul Area) pre- feasibility report 3kW roof-top grid tie pilot Source: DABS data, MEW 100 MW solar system package)

Future plan The Islamic Government of Afghanistan and funders have the following plans in solar power generation in Kabul province:

37 NO Project name Capacity (MW) Funded by Kabul Solar - Hydro 1 Hybrid Project 10 MEW 2 Roof Top Solar Project 5 MEW 3 KED rooftop Solar PP 0.025 GIZ Naghlu Solar PP1 25 IDB 4 Naghlu Solar PP2 20 USAID Naghlu Solar PP3 55 ADB Source: Afghanistan Power Sector Master Plan Logar Province: Solar radiation & wind Potential: Total solar radiation and wind potential in Afghanistan is shown in the below figures. Separate data for each of the provinces is not available. Existing: Logar: As seen in the figure 1 the potential of wind power generation is very low in Logar province. Therefore, nothing is done in Wind Power Generation Section. On the other hand, the radiation of solar power generation is good in Logar province. The following works have been done in solar power generation section: Stand alone: 1- Many systems deployed. 2- 1 kW solar system deployed funded by USAID. 3- 30 kW solar systems in the DABS office in Logar province. Source: DABS data, MEW 100 MW solar system package) Future plan The Islamic Government of Afghanistan and funders have the following plans in solar power generation in Logar province:

NO Project name Capacity (MW) Funded by Logar Solar – Grid tide 1 solar Project 10 MEW

Parwan, Maidan Shahr and Kapisa:

38 3 - Telecommunication According to the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (MCIT), the telecommunications networks will cover around 90% of the population by 2016.

Importance of Telecommunication for Development: Afghanistan has witnessed considerable economic growth and development in the past decade, the Telecom sector has played a signiﬁcant role in this transition. The sector promises to connect its citizens to ﬁnancial services, information, markets, public services, health services, E-Education, creating jobs and new enterprises. Development particularly seems to be catching up with younger Afghans, who are more tech savvy. They have established innovative enterprises that make use of Information & telecommunication. Telecom sector and related activities are estimated to have created about 100,000 direct and indirect jobs in the country. Information and telecommunication related services have also created new sources of employment for educated young people. Telecommunications has expanded access to services such as banking and government for some citizens, and have helped raise revenues for the government and played a vital role in boosting economy of the country.

39 4 - Culture and heritage facilities There are many historical and cultureal heritages within the capital region needs to restoration and rehabilitation. The following table listed the historical and cultural heritage in side the boundry of CR.

40 1‐ Koh‐Sherdarwaza The Koh-Sherdarwaza wall, which starts from the Artal Bridge, continues to the 3256-meter-long high mountain slopes, and connects to the Balahesar Hill of Kabul. Along this length, many parts of this wall have been destroyed. Totally 990 meters of the wall is visible and the remaining 2266 meters is destroyed and the existing towers of this wall are used as a home by the peoples.

The existing wall speciﬁcation is shown in the following table: 1 General wall length 3256m 2 Wall destroyed length from Artal bridge 901m Half-length of the demolition is 3 74m in the form of a cross section 4 Completely destroyed length 737m 5 General length of wall demolition 200m 6 General length of wall demolition 2266m

As Koh-Sherdarwaza wall is one of the important historical monuments which is located in the center of Kabul city, therefore CRIDA intended to preserve and rehabilitate the wall. Furthermore the recreational pathway along the wall was also proposed with some entertainment facility in order to attract more and more visitors. Vision: Maintaining, retroﬁtting and restoration of the historic wall of Koh-Sherdarwaza as a historical-cultural heritage, as well as enhancing the effectiveness, efﬁciency and enhancement of the city's beauty.

Goals and Objecves: Why we build Koh‐Sherdarwaza wall  Preservaon and revival of the wall of Koh‐Sherdarwaza as a historical fortress  Create a recreaonal and sports area on the mountain slopes  Create and enhance the culture of vising historical sites  Idenficaon of Koh‐Sherdarwaza wall and creaon of a culture of preserving the country's historical complexes  Restoraon, rebuilding and retrofing of the historical wall in order to prevent earthquake damage, etc. and other Climac and environmental events  Creang a field of work and employment for people The old image of the historic Koh‐Sherdarwaza wall in the vicinity of Balahsar

41 Koh‐Sherdarwaza

42 5 - Sewerage and drainage The current level of sanitation in Afghanistan's urban areas is disturbingly poor. In 2000, it was estimated that only 8–12 percent of the urban population had access to adequate sanitation. Wastewater collection barely exists in cities, often spewing into open gutters and canals – places where children gather to play. Treatment of wastewater, too, is nearly non- existent. Perhaps worst of all, urban drinking water supplies are being cross-contaminated with coliform bacteria (such as Escherichia coli, which infests the large intestine of both humans and animals) posing a considerable risk to public health. This finding was verified in water samples that UNEP took from municipal supply systems, private wells and hospital operating rooms in the cities it visited. Kabul: There is no centralized sewerage in the Kabul city. Most residents use pit latrines or septic tanks for human wastes, and discharge miscellaneous wastewater to streets or city drains. Sewer lines and/or sewage treatment plants are operated only in specific areas and facilities. Generally, apartment complexes have some sewer lines.  Residents are responsible for management of pit latrines and septic tanks.  Septic tanks are installed generally for flash toilets.  Due to shortages of water, switching to septic tank systems is difficult for most residents. According to the interview survey by the KfW water study, traditional toilets (pit latrines) are used by 86% of the city residents.

Kapisa/Parwan/Logar/ Maidan Shahr: There is no centralized sewerage in these provinces like other cities in Afghanistan. Most residents use pit latrines or septic tanks for human wastes. Private contractors empty the tanks, and the slurry is spread onto agricultural land outside the city limits. Unfortunately, there is not enough information about sanitation condition in these provinces.

6 - Waste management Kabul The residents discharge their waste at their nearest collection points, which spread in the city at around 7000 locations. The collection cars pick up the waste from these collection points and carry them to the landfill site directly. The collection frequency differs from three times/day to twice/week, depending on the situations. The collected waste was 749,585 m3 for Kabul city in 2009. The estimated composition was: soil and compost (40%), construction waste (20%), animal and human waste (15%), metal, glass and organic waste (25%). The waste generated in offices, shops, restaurants, and other business entities is collected in the same line with domestic ones. All the collected waste is carried to Gazak landfill in distrtict 21, which is only 2 km away from the nearest human settlement. The Chamtala landfill had been used for the past several years until filled up to its full capacity.

43 The material recovery from waste for the recycle is practiced only in a small scale by some private sector handlers. The collected material is exported to other countries for recycle use, as there are no recycling factories located in Afghanistan yet.

Existing/Proposed land ﬁll and Transfere stations of Kabul City

There is no such proper waste management system in these provinces, people use to put bag outside of their home which usually take by municipality or if any empty plot is situated near houses they uses it as waste center, but recycling and reusing is out of context.

44 Public Facilies:

One of the majore parts of the vision book is analyzing the existing condition of public facilities and in side the boundary of the capital region and providing balanced social facilities and for better enhancement of service for all categories of people.

1 ‐ Health facilies Under the Balanced development program for the capital region a comperhnesive plan should be prepared in order to provide sufficient and balanced health care facilities.As the exsiting health care facilities are not enough in some part of the Capital region therefore the vision book aims to modernize and upgrade the existing health cared facilities and propose new facilities as per the needs. The vision book has divided the health care facilities as follows: Basic health center: The minimum degree of health care considered to be necessary to maintain adequate health and protection from disease. Comprehensive Health Center: Outpatient primary and specialty care is specialty care is offered at the Comprehensive Health Center. The Center treats both the pediatric and adult population Mobil Clinic: A MEDLIFE Mobile Clinic is a basic medical clinic that we bring directly to the poor. Each Clinic provides patients with dental, OB/GYN, and pediatric care, as well as access to preventative tests. District hospital: Public Hospital Districts are community-created, governmental entities authorized by state law to deliver health services—including but not limited to acute hospital care—to district residents and others in the districts' service areas. Provincial hospital: Restricting the analysis to provincial hospitals allows lessening the heterogeneity of the external environment. Since nondiscretionary factors influencing health outcomes, like hygiene awareness, nutritional practices or income levels, are likely to be more varied in urban and metropolitan settings, by focusing on rural and small town hospitals we reduce the influence of nondiscretionary or contextual factors on efficiency estimates, thereby enhancing their precision

45 Shows propsed and exisng health care facilies which needs upgrading

46 2 ‐ E ducaon facilies Considering the balanced development of Educational, simi and higher educational facilities the vision book has upgrade the existing and proposed the new facilities as per the needs of the region.

exisng and Propose educaonal facilies with in the capital region

47 shows proposed educaonal facilies within the capital region

48 3 ‐ R eligious facilies Development of balanced religious facilities such as Masjid, Madrasa, Fateha Hall and other facilities within the CR is a major part of the Balance development program that has to be considered. In reference to the vison of H.E president of Islamic Republic of Afghanistan a typical masjid with Islamic architecture will design and construct the center of each district and Eidgh Masjid will establish in the center of the province with the capital region within the Capital region

Shows the density of religious facilies within the CR

49 4 ‐ Recreaon and greenery Kabul Parks and greenery are indispensable space for raising the level of amenity of a city. Established as an oasis city, green open space and its landscape had been an important factor for the identity of Kabul province. Presently there are 38 parks, one women's park and 14 sports ground in Kabul city. Among the 38 parks, nine parks are categorized as large park for use of people in city-wide.

There are three more large parks which are under construction: 1 - Bagrami Park (152.2 ha), District 12; 2 - Tapa Paghman (143.6 ha), District 16; and 3 - Park Jahan (70.8 ha, to be developed as an international park). In addition, there are small parks and roundabout which have been landscaped in Kabul city. The total park area is estimated to be 750 ha which is signiﬁcantly small in terms of per capita park space, compared to major cities in the world as shown in the table below.

Kapisa Sayyad Bridge is a famous recreational area where people gather especially during summer time for picnics and ﬁshing. It is located between Parwan and Kapisa. (Pazwak) Parwan The Gul Gondi locality is the most popular and attractive place for tourists. The natural beauty of the province is enumerated by various poets and writers. People throng to visit the area during spring season. The Slanag district is a crossing point among nine provinces. It has 2.5 kilometers long tunnel. Because of its cold weather, a large number of people visit the area during summer for picnic. ( Pazhwak) 50 Logar A total of 13 in pul-e-alam, 11 in mohammad agha and in khushi more then 5 small hotel and restaurant are there with serving local food and speciallity, due to security concern recreation center are not being develop that much, but like maidan Wardak looking land lords work on their garden as a greenery. Maidan Wardak One of the least developed provinces in Afghanistan, there is no such a signiﬁcant recreation center in district of maidan-e-shahr but with for self-peace a lot of land lords had estibished beautiful gardens and orchards in their land.