Analysis of the Mechanisms of Human Visual Processing
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Role of Stereopsis Losses in Older Adults’ Performance
ROLE OF STEREOPSIS LOSSES IN OLDER ADULTS’ PERFORMANCE ON THE FINE-GRAIN MOVEMENT ILLUSION TASK by Marlena Pearson Honours Bachelor of Science, Psychology, Nipissing University, North Bay, Ontario, 2014 Honours Bachelor of Arts, Criminal Justice, Nipissing University, North Bay, Ontario, 2014 A thesis presented to Ryerson University in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Arts in the program of Psychology Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2017 © Marlena Pearson, 2017 Author’s Declaration AUTHOR'S DECLARATION FOR ELECTRONIC SUBMISSION OF A THESIS I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I authorize Ryerson University to lend this thesis to other institutions or individuals for the purpose of scholarly research I further authorize Ryerson University to reproduce this thesis by photocopying or by other means, in total or in part, at the request of other institutions or individuals for the purpose of scholarly research. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Role of Stereopsis Losses in Older Adults’ Performance on the Fine-Grain Movement Illusion Task Master of Arts, 2017 Marlena Pearson Psychology, Ryerson University Abstract Accurate motion perception is necessary for older adults to safely navigate their environments. Yet it is not clear how stereopsis losses contribute to findings of motion perception deficits in older adults. To assess the contribution of stereopsis losses, three groups (younger adults, older adults with intact stereopsis, older adults with poor stereopsis) were recruited for a fine-grain movement task. -
Polarity Selectivity of Spatial Interactions in Perceived Contrast
Journal of Vision (2012) 12(2):3, 1–10 http://www.journalofvision.org/content/12/2/3 1 Polarity selectivity of spatial interactions in perceived contrast Department of Psychology, The University of Tokyo, Japan,& Human and Information Science Laboratory, Hiromi Sato NTT Communication Science Laboratories, NTT, Japan Human and Information Science Laboratory, Isamu Motoyoshi NTT Communication Science Laboratories, NTT, Japan Department of Psychology, Takao Sato The University of Tokyo, Japan The apparent contrast of a texture is reduced when surrounded by another texture with high contrast. This contrast–contrast phenomenon has been thought to be a result of spatial interactions between visual channels that encode contrast energy. In the present study, we show that contrast–contrast is selective to luminance polarity by using texture patterns composed of sparse elongated blobs. The apparent contrast of a texture of bright (dark) elements was substantially reduced only when it was surrounded by a texture of elements with the same polarity. This polarity specificity was not evident for textures with high element densities, which were similar to those used in previous studies, probably because such stimuli should inevitably activate both on- and off-type sensors. We also found that polarity-selective suppression decreased as the difference in orientation between the center and surround elements increased but remained for orthogonally oriented elements. These results suggest that the contrast–contrast illusion largely depends on spatial interactions between visual channels that are selective to on–off polarity and only weakly selective to orientation. Keywords: polarity selectivity, spatial interactions, perceived contrast Citation: Sato, H., Motoyoshi, I., & Sato, T. -
Vision Science Meets Visualization
Vision Science Meets Visualization Organizers: Christine Nothelfer Zoya Bylinskii Madison Elliott Cindy Xiong Danielle Albers Szafir Northwestern Massachusetts Institute University of British Northwestern University of Colorado University of Technology Columbia University Boulder Panelists: Ronald Rensink Todd Horowitz Steven Franconeri Karen Schloss Ruth Rosenholtz University of British National Cancer Northwestern University of Massachusetts Institute Columbia Institute University Wisconsin-Madison of Technology presenters each year. Recent developments in these research ABSTRACT topics (e.g., in visual attention, scene understanding, and quantity Vision science can explain what people see when looking at a perception) can inform our understanding of how people interpret visualization--what data features people attend to, what statistics visualized information. However, historically, few VIS they ascertain, and what they ultimately remember. These findings researchers have attended VSS, and few vision scientists have have significant relevance to visualization and can guide effective attended IEEE VIS. This limited overlap has stifled the exchange techniques and design practices. Intersections between of information, ideas, and questions between the two visualization and vision science have traditionally built upon communities. topics such as visual search, color perception, and pop-out. However, there is a broader space of vision science concepts that Further, while crossover between vision science and visualization could inform and explain ideas in visualization but no dedicated is not without precedent (e.g., work by Cleveland & McGill [2] venue for collaborative exchanges between the two communities. and Healey & Enns [8]), these interactions can benefit from This panel provides a space for this exchange by bringing five exposure to a broader set of vision science topics, such as object vision science experts to IEEE VIS to survey the modern vision tracking, ensemble statistics, and visual crowding. -
Visual Context Processing in Schizophrenia
Empirical Article Clinical Psychological Science 1(1) 5 –15 Visual Context Processing in Schizophrenia © The Author(s) 2013 Reprints and permission: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/2167702612464618 http://cpx.sagepub.com Eunice Yang1,2, Duje Tadin3,4, Davis M. Glasser3, Sang Wook Hong1,5, Randolph Blake1,2, and Sohee Park1 1Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University; 2Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea; 3Center for Visual Science and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester; 4Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester; and 5Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University Abstract Abnormal perceptual experiences are central to schizophrenia, but the nature of these anomalies remains undetermined. We investigated contextual processing abnormalities across a comprehensive set of visual tasks. For perception of luminance, size, contrast, orientation, and motion, we quantified the degree to which the surrounding visual context altered a center stimulus’s appearance. Healthy participants showed robust contextual effects across all tasks, as evidenced by pronounced misperceptions of center stimuli. Schizophrenia patients exhibited intact contextual modulations of luminance and size but showed weakened contextual modulations of contrast, performing more accurately than controls. Strong motion and orientation context effects correlated with worse symptoms and social functioning. Importantly, the overall strength of contextual -
1 Human Color Vision
CAMC01 9/30/04 3:13 PM Page 1 1 Human Color Vision Color appearance models aim to extend basic colorimetry to the level of speci- fying the perceived color of stimuli in a wide variety of viewing conditions. To fully appreciate the formulation, implementation, and application of color appearance models, several fundamental topics in color science must first be understood. These are the topics of the first few chapters of this book. Since color appearance represents several of the dimensions of our visual experience, any system designed to predict correlates to these experiences must be based, to some degree, on the form and function of the human visual system. All of the color appearance models described in this book are derived with human visual function in mind. It becomes much simpler to understand the formulations of the various models if the basic anatomy, physiology, and performance of the visual system is understood. Thus, this book begins with a treatment of the human visual system. As necessitated by the limited scope available in a single chapter, this treatment of the visual system is an overview of the topics most important for an appreciation of color appearance modeling. The field of vision science is immense and fascinating. Readers are encouraged to explore the liter- ature and the many useful texts on human vision in order to gain further insight and details. Of particular note are the review paper on the mechan- isms of color vision by Lennie and D’Zmura (1988), the text on human color vision by Kaiser and Boynton (1996), the more general text on the founda- tions of vision by Wandell (1995), the comprehensive treatment by Palmer (1999), and edited collections on color vision by Backhaus et al. -
Color Vision and Night Vision Chapter Dingcai Cao 10
Retinal Diagnostics Section 2 For additional online content visit http://www.expertconsult.com Color Vision and Night Vision Chapter Dingcai Cao 10 OVERVIEW ROD AND CONE FUNCTIONS Day vision and night vision are two separate modes of visual Differences in the anatomy and physiology (see Chapters 4, perception and the visual system shifts from one mode to the Autofluorescence imaging, and 9, Diagnostic ophthalmic ultra- other based on ambient light levels. Each mode is primarily sound) of the rod and cone systems underlie different visual mediated by one of two photoreceptor classes in the retina, i.e., functions and modes of visual perception. The rod photorecep- cones and rods. In day vision, visual perception is primarily tors are responsible for our exquisite sensitivity to light, operat- cone-mediated and perceptions are chromatic. In other words, ing over a 108 (100 millionfold) range of illumination from near color vision is present in the light levels of daytime. In night total darkness to daylight. Cones operate over a 1011 range of vision, visual perception is rod-mediated and perceptions are illumination, from moonlit night light levels to light levels that principally achromatic. Under dim illuminations, there is no are so high they bleach virtually all photopigments in the cones. obvious color vision and visual perceptions are graded varia- Together the rods and cones function over a 1014 range of illu- tions of light and dark. Historically, color vision has been studied mination. Depending on the relative activity of rods and cones, as the salient feature of day vision and there has been emphasis a light level can be characterized as photopic (cones alone on analysis of cone activities in color vision. -
Vision Science and Adaptive Optics, the State of the Field
Vision Research 132 (2017) 3–33 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Vision Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/visres Vision science and adaptive optics, the state of the field ⇑ Susana Marcos a, John S. Werner b, Stephen A. Burns c, , William H. Merigan d, Pablo Artal e, David A. Atchison f, Karen M. Hampson g, Richard Legras h, Linda Lundstrom i, Geungyoung Yoon d, Joseph Carroll j, Stacey S. Choi k, Nathan Doble k, Adam M. Dubis l, Alfredo Dubra m, Ann Elsner c, Ravi Jonnal b, Donald T. Miller c, Michel Paques n, Hannah E. Smithson o, Laura K. Young o, Yuhua Zhang p, Melanie Campbell q, Jennifer Hunter d, Andrew Metha r, Grazyna Palczewska s, Jesse Schallek d, Lawrence C. Sincich p a Instituto de Optica, CSIC, Madrid, Spain b University of California, Davis, USA c Indiana University, Bloomington, USA d University of Rochester, New York, USA e Universidad de Murcia, Spain f Queensland University of Technology, Australia g University of Bradford University, UK h Université de Paris Sud, France i KTH (Royal Institute of Technology), Stockholm, Sweden j Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA k The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA l University College London, London, UK m Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA n Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris o University of Oxford, UK p University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA q University of Waterloo, Canada r University of Melbourne, Australia s Polgenix, Inc., Cleveland, OH, USA article info abstract Article history: Adaptive optics is a relatively new field, yet it is spreading rapidly and allows new questions to be asked Received 20 September 2016 about how the visual system is organized. -
Download Thesis
This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ Contextual Processing in Psychosis and Cannabis use Kane, Fergus Awarding institution: King's College London The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. END USER LICENCE AGREEMENT Unless another licence is stated on the immediately following page this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works - You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you receive permission from the author. Your fair dealings and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 05. Oct. 2021 This electronic theses or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ Title: Contextual Processing in Psychosis and Cannabis use Author: Kane, Fergus The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. -
Visual Psychophysics Has Been Around Even Longer Than the Word Psychophysics
City Research Online City, University of London Institutional Repository Citation: Solomon, J. A. (2013). Visual Psychophysics. In: Dunn, S. (Ed.), Oxford Bibliographies in Psychology. New York: OUP. This is the accepted version of the paper. This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link: https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/5032/ Link to published version: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/OBO/9780199828340-0128 Copyright: City Research Online aims to make research outputs of City, University of London available to a wider audience. Copyright and Moral Rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyright holders. URLs from City Research Online may be freely distributed and linked to. Reuse: Copies of full items can be used for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge. Provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. City Research Online: http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/ [email protected] Visual Psychophysics Joshua A. Solomon 1 Introduction Paradigms for attacking the problem of how vision works continue to develop and mutate, and the boundary between them can be indistinct. Nonetheless, this bibliography represents an attempt to delineate one such paradigm: Visual Psychophysics. Unlike, for example, anatomical paradigms, the psychophysical paradigm requires a complete organism. Most of the studies discussed below involve human beings, but psychophysics can be used to study the vision of other organisms too. At minimum, the organism must be told or taught how to respond to some sort of stimulus. -
Optical Illusion - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Optical illusion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Try Beta Log in / create account article discussion edit this page history [Hide] Wikipedia is there when you need it — now it needs you. $0.6M USD $7.5M USD Donate Now navigation Optical illusion Main page From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Contents Featured content This article is about visual perception. See Optical Illusion (album) for Current events information about the Time Requiem album. Random article An optical illusion (also called a visual illusion) is characterized by search visually perceived images that differ from objective reality. The information gathered by the eye is processed in the brain to give a percept that does not tally with a physical measurement of the stimulus source. There are three main types: literal optical illusions that create images that are interaction different from the objects that make them, physiological ones that are the An optical illusion. The square A About Wikipedia effects on the eyes and brain of excessive stimulation of a specific type is exactly the same shade of grey Community portal (brightness, tilt, color, movement), and cognitive illusions where the eye as square B. See Same color Recent changes and brain make unconscious inferences. illusion Contact Wikipedia Donate to Wikipedia Contents [hide] Help 1 Physiological illusions toolbox 2 Cognitive illusions 3 Explanation of cognitive illusions What links here 3.1 Perceptual organization Related changes 3.2 Depth and motion perception Upload file Special pages 3.3 Color and brightness -
Curriculum Vitae
Curriculum Vitae Bruno A. Olshausen Born September 28, 1962, Sunset Beach, California. Address: 2403 McGee Avenue [email protected] Berkeley, California 94703 http://redwood.berkeley.edu/bruno (530) 518-0859 (cell) (510) 642-7250 (office) Degrees Ph.D. 1994 Computation and Neural Systems, California Institute of Technology. M.S. 1987 Electrical Engineering, Stanford University. B.S. 1986 Electrical Engineering, Stanford University. Positions 2010{ Professor, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley. 2005{ Director, Redwood Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, UC Berkeley. 2005{2010 Associate Professor, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and School of Op- tometry, University of California, Berkeley. 2003{2005 Associate Professor, Section of Neurobiology, Physiology & Behavior, Uni- versity of California, Davis. 2002{2005 Senior Research Scientist, Redwood Neuroscience Institute, Menlo Park, California. 2001{2003 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis. 1996{2001 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis. 1996 Postdoctoral Fellow, Center for Biological and Computational Learning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1994{1996 Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Psychology, Cornell University. 1987{1989 Research Associate, Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science, NASA Ames Research Center. Awards and honors 2007{ Fellow, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Learning in Brains and Machines program. 2008{2009 Fellow, Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin Patents 2008 Rozell CJ, Olshausen BA, Baraniuk RG, Johnson DH, Ortman RL, \Ana- log System For Computing Sparse Codes," U.S. Patent Application No: 12/035,424 Grants Active 2019{2021 Bruno A. Olshausen, P.I., Pentti Kanerva, Co-P.I., \Computing in Holo- graphic Representation," Air Force Office of Scientific Research, $412,000 (total) 2017{2020 Friedrich Sommer, P.I., Bruno A. -
Call for Papers
Journal of Vision Special Issue Visual Metacognition Visual metacognition is the ability to make cognitive judgments on our own visual perceptual decisions. A paramount example of visual metacognition is visual confidence, classically defined as the ability to judge the correctness of our perceptual decisions given the evidence. New issues are emerging thanks to recent advances in measuring and analysing tools, and following a growing body of experimental work from psychophysics and brain imaging studies. These issues address not only visual metacognition per se, but more generally, they also inform us about the mechanisms underlying visual perception. For this special issue we invite not only research papers on new behavioral work, but also neural studies on humans and other animal species, as well as related computational models. Authors may use any of the available article types, including regular, Review, Comment, Emerging trends in Vision Science, and Perspective. Feature Editors: Rachel Denison, Boston University, USA Steve Fleming, University College London, UK Janneke Jehee, Donders Institute, The Netherlands Pascal Mamassian, CNRS & Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France Megan Peters, UC Irvine, USA Doby Rahnev, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Submissions Accepted through October 31, 2022. Accepted papers will be published as ready in the current monthly issue as well as presented together as a special issue on the JOV website. Journal of Vision is an online, open access, peer-reviewed scientific journal devoted to all aspects of visual function in humans and other organisms. The journal is published exclusively in digital form: full-text articles may be accessed for free via the internet. The journal encourages the effective use of color, multimedia, hyperlinks, program code, and other digital enhancements.