Antropologia Dos Orixás
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The Evolution of Ibadan As the Largest Metropolitan Area in Nigeria
THE EVOLUTION OF IBADAN AS THE LARGEST METROPOLITAN AREA IN NIGERIA By: ESV. TOMORI M.A. anivs, rsv. mnim MD/CEO Macos Urban Management Consultants E-mail: [email protected] ` Established For Urban Management Capacity Building and Good Governance 1.0 URBAN TRANSFORMATION HISTORY 1.1 Introduction Urbanization and city creation predates colonialism in many African countries. Apart from Egypt, where urban civilization dates back to 5,000 years, several cities in other African regions have centuries old Histories. Early urban development has been recorded during the Sudanese Empire of 800A.D. the Mali Empire of 1500A.D. and Songhai Empire of 1800A.D. These important historical artifacts, the cities, flourished as a result of their location along the trans-Sahara trade routes, emphasizing their importance as catalysts in socio-economic inter-relationships. Powerful local rulers enhanced the evolution of these early cities into effective nodes of human development and as engines of economic and social growth. Some of the prominent ancient pre-colonial cities of the region include: Bamako, Gao, Timbuktu, Ouagadougou, Agades, Begho, Benin, Ibadan, Ile-Ife, Ilorin, Kumasi and Oyo. The implications of urbanization are not appreciable from demographic numbers alone (World Bank in Cities in Transition, 2013). The urban transformation affects the physical concentration of people, patterns of land use, social structures and interactions, and the nature and scale of economic production. Each of these dimensions of change affects the lives of individuals and the requirements for resources and governance. This urbanization creates significant opportunities for national development, and for reducing poverty for all citizens. But realizing the potential gains from the urban transition depends on how well cities and towns manage growth and meet the challenges of providing responsive governance and ensuring services for all firms and households. -
A Re-Assessment of Government and Political Institutions of Old Oyo Empire
QUAESTUS MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH JOURNAL A RE-ASSESSMENT OF GOVERNMENT AND POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS OF OLD OYO EMPIRE Oluwaseun Samuel OSADOLA, Oluwafunke Adeola ADELEYE Abstract: Oyo Empire was the most politically organized entity founded by the Yoruba speaking people in present-day Nigeria. The empire was well organized, influential and powerful. At a time it controlled the politics and commerce of the area known today as Southwestern Nigeria. It, however, serves as a paradigm for other sub-ethnic groups of Yoruba derivation which were directly or indirectly influenced by the Empire before the coming of the white man. To however understand the basis for the political structure of the current Yorubaland, there is the need to examine the foundational structure from which they all took after the old Oyo Empire. This paper examines the various political structures that made up government and governance in the Yoruba nation under the political control of the old Oyo Empire before the coming of the Europeans and the establishment of colonial administration in the 1900s. It derives its data from both primary and secondary sources with a detailed contextual analysis. Keywords: Old Oyo Empire INTRODUCTION Pre-colonial systems in Nigeria witnessed a lot of alterations at the advent of the British colonial masters. Several traditional rulers tried to protect and preserve the political organisation of their kingdoms or empires but later gave up after much pressure and the threat from the colonial masters. Colonialism had a significant impact on every pre- colonial system in Nigeria, even until today.1 The entire Yoruba country has never been thoroughly organized into one complete government in a modern sense. -
[1] Ui Thesis Olasupo A.A Yoruba 2015 Full Work.Pdf
i YORÙBÁ TRADITIONAL RELIGIOUS WOOD-CARVINGS BY AKANDE ABIODUN OLASUPO B. A. (Hons.) Fine Arts ( ), M. A. Visual Arts (Ibadan), PGDE (Ado-Ekiti) A Thesis in the Department of VISUAL ARTS Submitted to the Institute of African Studies in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY of the UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY MAY 2015 ii ABSTRACT The Yorùbá -Yorùbá N O - - Yorùbá traditional religion and its attendant practice of wood-carving. Existing studies on Yorùbá wood-carving have concen -Yorùbá existed independently for a long time. This study, therefore, identified extant Yorùbá examined areas of divergence in the artistic production of the people. - wood-carvers, priests and adherents of some Yorùbá traditional religion who use wooden paraphernalia in their worship. Direct observation was used to collect data on iconographic features of wooden religious paraphernalia such as ọpón-Ifá (divination board), agere-Ifá (palm-nut bowl), ìróké-Ifá (divination board-tapper), osé-Ṣà Ṣà ‟ ère-ìbejì (twin figurines), and egúngún and gèlèdé masks. The interviews were content-analysed, while the paraphernalia were subjected to iconographic, semiotic and comparative analyses. UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY Opón-Ifá, agere-Ifá, ìróké-Ifá, osé-Ṣà and ère-ìbejì Gèlèdé ìróké-Ifá, agere-Ifá and osé-Ṣà shared similar iconographic fe by the top, middle and base sections. Their middle sections bore a variety of iii images, while the top and base sections were fixed. In all the three communities, the face of Èsù, usually represented on ọpón-Ifá, was the only constant feature on divination trays. Other depictions on the tray varied from zoomorphic and anthropomorphic to abstract motifs. -
A Comparative Study of Ivan the Fourth and Alaafin Sango of Oyo Empire
International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR) ISSN 2307-4531 (Print & Online) http://gssrr.org/index.php?journal=JournalOfBasicAndApplied --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A Comparative Study of Ivan the Fourth and Alaafin Sango of Oyo Empire Abimbola Damilola Waliyullahi* Post graduate student university of ibadan ibadan, Nigeria Abstract The reign of Ivan the 4th and the legendary Sango, 3rd Alaafin is of great importance to the historical world, Sango, a powerful king in Yoruba Land, known as a king of thunder because he spat fire from his mouth whenever he was angry. He ruled powerfully and successfully. According to a myth however, it was a defeat in a magical contest that led Sango to leave Oyo and hung. On the other side, I shall take a critical and careful look at the Ivan the IV or Ivan the Terrible as fondly called, tsar of Russia from 1530-1584. When he held sway, he established a tradition of absolute rule; he was ruthless and merciless following childhood abuse and repression, Ivan destroyed his rivals and claimed the throne of Tsardom. He beat back the last of the Mongols, provided some large territorial expansion, and centralized the bureaucracy. Ivan’s blood thirsty character and sardonic personality made him infamous in history as being a lunatic ruler whom the people called "Terrible.” This article examines a Comparative Study of Ivan the Fourth (Russia) and the legendary Alaafin Sango (Nigeria) relying on historical theory as a tool. Key words: Empire; Territory; Russian, Tsars; Yoruba; Ruthless; Brutal; Nupe; Oya; Oprichniki; Osun; Oyo. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Corresponding author. 34 International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR) (2016) Volume 27, No 2, pp 34-41 1. -
The Warrior and the State in Precolonial Africa Comparative Perspectives
The Warrior and the State in Precolonial Africa Comparative Perspectives G. N. UZOIGWE The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, U.S.A. Introduction PREPARING this chapter was at once intimidating and challenging -in- timidating because I have no models to draw from; and challenging because it needed to be done. More significantly, it needed to be done by an Africanist historian. For the days, alas, are gone when such subjects were comfortably left to the nutty anthropologists while historians in their lonely and crusty arro- gance, exuded effortless superiority in dusty libraries and archives in a vain attempt to discover the &dquo;truth&dquo; about the past. &dquo;Hard history,&dquo; difficult enough as it is, is a much more straightforward and simpler affair than the &dquo;new history&dquo;. As our mentors were taught so did they teach us. The result is that most histori- ans of our generation are not properly equipped with the disciplines of anthro- pology and sociology as well as the other relevant social sciences which are crucial to African historical reconstruction. For a good Africanist, in whatever field, must be a jack-of-all-trades and master of one. The truth is perhaps that few of us are really master of anything at all - whatever we may claim. It is possible that I am really describing myself and no one else. Whatever is the case, I must begin this chapter with an apology relative to whatever weaknesses it may have. At a recent international conference on the military in Africa held in Accra, Ghana,’ a pet idea of mine received unsolicited support, namely, that a military interpretation of African history ought, at least, to be as rewarding as the economic or any other interpretation for that matter. -
Foreign Influence on Igbomina, C
FOREIGN INFLUENCE ON IGBOMINA, C. 1750-1900 By ABOYEJI, ADENIYI JUSTUS 97/15CA020 (B.A. (2001), M.A. (2006) HISTORY, UNILORIN) BEING A Ph.D THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN, ILORIN, NIGERIA i FOREIGN INFLUENCE ON IGBOMINA, C. 1750-1900 By ABOYEJI, ADENIYI JUSTUS 97/15CA020 (B.A. (2001), M.A. (2006) HISTORY, UNILORIN) BEING A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL, UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN, ILORIN, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN HISTORY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN, ILORIN, NIGERIA © March, 2015 ii iii DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to the custodian of all Wisdom, Knowledge, Understanding, Might, Counsel, Reverential Fear (Isaiah 11:2) and the Donor of the ‘pen of the ready-writer’ (Psalms 45:1), through our Lord and Saviour, JESUS CHRIST. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My indebtedness for accomplishing this study is undoubtedly, enormous. Contributions within the academic circles, family link and notable individuals/personages deserve due acknowledgement. This is because a man who beats up his doctor after he has been cured is incapable of being grateful. Nature‘s cruelty, to candour, is more bearable than man‘s ingratitude to man. Words are undoubtedly inadequate to quantify the roles of my supervisors, Dr. Kolawole David Aiyedun and Professor Samuel Ovuete Aghalino, to whom special accolades are exclusively reserved. In spite of their busy schedules as Head of Department, Senior Professor and in many other capacities, they never denied me the benefits of their supervisory acumen. -
Theatrical Visual Languages in Duro Ladipo's Three Yoruba Plays
1 CHAPTER ONE THE ORIGINS OF DURO LADIPO’S THEATRE Introduction There is no doubt that traditional Yoruba travelling theatre occupies a significant position in the sociocultural, political and religious milieu of the Yoruba people. This is because in most cases their ways of life, their world views and their being as a whole are commonly expressed through performance. This work seeks to investigate an aspect of Yoruba traditional theatre; this being the theatrical visual languages in the plays of Duro Ladipo - one of the most prominent of the 20th century Yoruba playwrights and actors. The need to embark on this work is motivated by the need to bring to light the intrinsic values contained in the visual theatrics of Duro Ladipo’s three Yoruba plays, namely Oba Koso,1 Oba Waja2 and Oba Moro3. The visual component of his plays takes one on a journey into understanding the aesthetics and expressions found in all aspects of Yoruba culture. It also explores the social, political and spiritual dynamics of Yoruba from an historical context and provides an extraordinary link into the life history of the avatars of Yoruba cosmology. The Eegun Alare (Alarinjo)4 theatre which is directly responsible for the birth of the Yoruba professional theatre, came out of the re-enactment of Yoruba legendary stories 1 Oba Koso means ‘the king did not hang’ in the Yoruba language, a term which refers to Sango, the legendary fourth king of Oyo and the Yoruba god of thunder and lightning. 2 Oba Waja is a term used for describing a deceased king in Yorubaland. -
The Owu Factor in the History of Ibadanland
The Owu Factor in the History of Ibadanland By: ESV. Tomori Moshood Adijolola OWU-IBADAN PROJECT Anniversary Public Lecture In Celebration of Owu Convention of The Royal Union of owu People (RUOP) Title The Owu Factor in the History of Ibadanland By: ESV. TOMORI MOSHOOD ADIJOLOLA ANIVS, RV, MNIM, ARVA. Former Oyo State Rating Valuation Coordinator (Rtd) CEO/MD Macos Urban Management Consultant Saturday 16th December, 2017 Cultural Centre, Ibadan, Nigeria Published by: OYESILE OLUGBODE DESCENDANTS UNION Ita-Baale Olugbode, Ibadan Nigeria. © Tomori Moshood Adijolola 2017 First Published, 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of the author, in who has the copyright ownership. ISBN: 978-31154-2-2 The publication was made possible through the commitment, efforts and finance of Chief ……………………………………. The Mogaji of OyesileOlugbode family compound, Ita-Baale Olugbode, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria Printed by: ………………………………… DEDICATION The Publication is dedicated to Almighty Allah, the founding of fathers of Ibadan, in particular, Oyesile Olugbode family and all Owus living in Ibadan PREFACE The present study is focused on the critical role played by Owu and Owu war in the history of evolution of Ibadan and how Owu war effectively marked the end of a particular phase of Yoruba political development. As Ibadan community evolved and its relationships with the neighbouring Egba, Owu, Oyo, Ife and Ijebu groups were modified, so the traditional hisorty of Ibadan subtly changed to give support to the new status of being the most powerful city in Yorubaland. -
Aduloju of Ado: a Nineteenth Century Ekiti Warlord
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 18, Issue 4 (Nov. - Dec. 2013), PP 58-66 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org Aduloju of Ado: A Nineteenth Century Ekiti Warlord Emmanuel Oladipo Ojo (Ph.D) Department of History & International Studies, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, NIGERIA Abstract: For Yorubaland, south-western Nigeria, the nineteenth century was a century of warfare and gun- powder akin, in magnitude and extent, to that of nineteenth century Europe. Across the length and breadth of Yorubaland, armies fought armies until 1886 when Sir Gilbert Carter, British Governor of the Lagos Protectorate, intervened to restore peace. Since men are generally the products of the times in which they live and the circumstances with which they are surrounded; men who live during the period of peace and tranquillity are most likely to learn how to promote and sustain peace while those who live in periods of turbulence and turmoil are most likely to learn and master the art of warfare. As wars raged and ravaged Yoruba nations and communities, prominent men emerged and built armies with which they defended their nations and aggrandised themselves. Men like Latosisa, Ajayi Ogboriefon and Ayorinde held out for Ibadan; Obe, Arimoro, Omole, Odo, Edidi, Fayise and Ogedengbe Agbogungboro for Ijesa; Karara for Ilorin; Ogundipe for Abeokuta; Ologun for Owo; Bakare for Afa; Ali for Iwo, Oderinde for Olupona, Onafowokan and Kuku for Ijebuode, Odu for Ogbagi; Adeyale for Ila; Olugbosun for Oye and Ogunbulu for Aisegba. Like other Yoruba nations and kingdoms, Ado Kingdom had its own prominent warlords. -
Samuel Johnson on the Egyptian Origin of the Yoruba
SAMUEL JOHNSON ON THE EGYPTIAN ORIGIN OF THE YORUBA by Jock Matthew Agai A thesis submitted to the University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy November 2016 Declaration I, Jock Matthew Agai, hereby declare that ‘SAMUEL JOHNSON ON THE EGYPTIAN ORIGIN OF THE YORUBA’ is my own original work, and that it has not been previously accepted by any other institution for the award of a degree, and that all quotations have been distinguished by quotation mark, and all sources of information have been duly acknowledged. __________________________ Jock Matthew Agai (Student) ______________________ Professor Phillippe Denis (Supervisor) 30 November 2016 i Dedication This research is dedicated to my grandmother, the late Ngo Margaret alias Nakai Shingot, who passed away in 2009, during which time I was preparing for this research. She was my best friend. May her gentle soul rest in peace. ii Thesis statement The Yoruba oral tradition, according to which the original ancestors of the Yoruba originated from the “East,” was popular in Yorubaland during the early 19th century. Before the period 1846 to 1901, the East was popularly perceived by the Yoruba as Arabia, Mecca or Saudi Arabia. Samuel Johnson (1846-1901) mentioned that Mohammed Belo (1781-1837) was among the first Africans to write that the East meant Arabia, Mecca or Saudi Arabia. He contested the views of associating the East with a Muslim land or a Muslim origin. In contrast to these views, Johnson believed that the East actually meant Egypt. This thesis presents research into Samuel Johnson’s contribution towards the development of the tradition of Egyptian origins of the Yoruba. -
The Lost Tribes of Israel”
ANTHROPOS 106.2011: 579 – 595 Origin of the Yoruba and “The Lost Tribes of Israel” Dierk Lange Abstract. – On the basis of comparative studies between the ademic African historiography in connection with dynastic tradition of the Ọyọ-Yoruba and ancient Near Eastern the independence of African states around 1960, history, the present article argues that Yoruba traditions of prov- scholars relied more directly on the available tra- enance, claiming immigration from the Near East, are basically correct. According to Ọyọ-Yoruba tradition, the ancestral Yor- ditions of Yoruba origin and they did some com- uba saw the Assyrian conquests of the Israelite kingdom from parative research between Yoruba, ancient Mediter- the ninth and the eighth centuries b.c. from the perspective of ranean and Israelite cultures. On the basis of this the Israelites. After the fall of Samaria in 722 b.c., they were evidence they suggested that the Yoruba immigrat- deported to eastern Syria and adopted the ruling Assyrian kings as their own. The collapse of the Assyrian empire is, however, ed from far away: either from Phoenicia, the Medi- mainly seen through the eyes of the Babylonian conquerors of terranean world, Egypt, or Nubia (Biobaku 1955: Nineveh in 612 b.c. This second shift of perspective reflects the 8 – 13; Lange 1995: 40 – 48). If any of these supposi- disillusionment of the Israelite and Babylonian deportees from tions could be shown to be true and present opinion Syria-Palestine towards the Assyrian oppressors. After the defeat to be ideologically biased, it would mean that a cul- of the Egypto-Assyrian forces at Carchemish in Syria in 605 b.c. -
IBADAN HISTORY from LAGELU ERA and the IMPACT of POLITICAL CRISIS in the NINETEENTH CENTURY By: ESV
IBADAN HISTORY FROM LAGELU ERA AND THE IMPACT OF POLITICAL CRISIS IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY By: ESV. Tomori M.A. anivs, rsv, mnim Email: [email protected] 1.1 Background History of Lagelu Lagelu (a.k.a. Oroo Apatamaja), a war-chief (Jagun Osun) from Dalegu compound, Ajamapo area of oke Eso in Ile-Ife was the founder of Ibadan. He was the grandson of Orunto (or Obalufe), the prime minister of Ile-Ife and Head of Ooni-in-council. His mother was the daughter of Ooni Luwo Gbagida, the only female in Ife history who married Chief Obaloran, a member of the council of Ooni of Ife (Chief (Dr.) M.A. Fabunmi, 1985). (a) Benin Army Invaded Iddo Island When he was still in Ife, a legend had it that he led Ife army as Jagun Osin to assist the children of Olofin Ogunfunminire, the progenitor of the Awori’s with the king of Gbagura referred to as Agura fought against the Benin army who invaded Iddo Island near Lagos founded by the Aworis. The children were; Olumegbon, Oluwa, Onitona, Onitoolo, Elegusi, Aromire, Olooto and Ojora. The Aromires later swam across the Lagoon to Lagos Island in the middle of the 16th century for fishing and farming (Oluremi I. Obateru, 2006). They constituted the “IDEJO” who are the traditional land owners and White Cap Chiefs in Lagos. When a Portuguese expedition led by Ruy de Sequeira landed there, Eko was changed to Lagos in 1472A.D. Thereafter, about the 16th century, during the Alaafin Onigbogi (1530-1542), Lagelu “Oroo Apatamoja”; led a group of men and women and interested people out to found a new settlement, known as EBA ODAN later known as Ibadan.