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SMART CITIES READINESS GUIDE the Planning Manual for Building Tomorrow’S Cities Today Smart Cities Council

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SMART CITIES READINESS GUIDE the Planning Manual for Building Tomorrow’S Cities Today Smart Cities Council SMART CITIES READINESS GUIDE The planning manual for building tomorrow’s cities today Smart Cities Council SMART CITIES READINESS GUIDE The planning manual for building tomorrow’s cities today © 2014 SMART CITIES COUNCIL Acknowledgments The Readiness Guide is, first and foremost, a collaborative effort. We are grateful for the expertise, the energy and the meticulous diligence of dozens of enthusiastic smart city advocates – subject matter experts from around the world, municipal government lead- ers and their staffs, technology advocates and business leaders among them. We extend our sincere thanks and congratulations to the Lead and Associate Partners of the Smart Cities Council for their involvement and passion for this project: Alstom Grid, Bechtel, Cisco, EDF, Enel, GE, IBM, Itron, MasterCard, Microsoft, National Grid, Qualcomm, S&C Electric Company, ABB, Alphinat, BehaviorMatrix, Camgian Microsystems, CH2M HILL, DNV GL- Energy, Enevo, GRID2020, Imex Systems, MaxWest Environmental Systems, Neptune Technology Group, Opower, Oracle, OSIsoft, Saudi Telecom, Schneider Electric, Siemens, Sungard and UST Global. The Readiness Guide would also not have been possible without the help of the Council’s Advisory Board, a collection of the world’s foremost smart city thinkers, doers and vision- aries. Our 60-plus Advisors are listed on page 291 of this Guide’s Appendix. Finally, we would like to thank the city mayors and their hardworking staffs who gave us real-world insights and provided us with critical early feedback. Their contributions repre- sent the bridge between political infrastructure realities and 21st Century innovation. Special thanks to: Mayor Elizabeth Kautz, Burnsville, MN; Mayor Rawlings- Blake, Baltimore, MD; Mayor Jim Schmitt, Green Bay, WI; Mayor Kim McMillan, Clarksville, TN; Mayor Pedro Segarra, Hartford, CT; Mayor Jim Hovland, Edina, MN; Mayor Buddy Dyer, Orlando, FL; and Mayor Mike Rawlings, Dallas, TX. Authors and Key Contributors: This Guide was written by Smart Cities Council Chairman Jesse Berst, Editorial Director Liz Enbysk and Research Director Christopher Williams. It was conceptualized by Chris Caine, President and CEO of Mercator XXI; researched by Christopher Williams; illustrated by Scott Dunn, and designed and produced by Tahne Davis and Anne Schoenecker of Davis Design, Seattle. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction to Smart Cities 2. How to Use the Readiness Guide 3. Universal 4. Built Environment 5. Energy 6. Telecommunications 7. Transportation 8. Water and Wastewater 9. Health and Human Services 10. Public Safety 11. Smart Payments and Finance 12. Smart People 13. Ideas to Action Appendix CHAPTER 1 Welcome to the Readiness Guide. This document was assembled with input from many of the world’s leading INTRODUCTION smart city practitioners – the members and advisors of TO SMART CITIES the Smart Cities Council. It will help you create a vision for the future of your own city. Equally important, it will help you build an action plan to get to that better future. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO SMART CITIES | Smart Cities Council Readiness Guide 5 The first goal of the Readiness Guide is to give ture, resources, businesses and people. As you a “vision” of a smart city, to help you under- Taking a holistic you’ll read, smart technologies have matured stand how technology will transform the cities to the point that cities of all sizes can afford of tomorrow. view of ‘city’ and benefit from their implementation. For example, new cloud computing offerings allow This introductory section defines smart cities Second is to help you construct your own road- even the smallest city to affordably tap into and explores the trends that are driving this map to that future. It suggests the goals to enormous computing power. So the lessons of global phenomenon. It also discusses some of which you should aspire, the features and func- this Guide apply regardless of size – and you’ll the barriers cities may face and strategies to tions you should specify, the best practices that see real-world examples in the case studies overcome them. will gain you the maximum benefits for the mini- featured throughout. mum cost, at reduced risk. Before we define the “smart” piece, however, we should first deal with the word “city.” Real- The Readiness Guide is intended for mayors, world smart city examples are rarely a city in city managers, city planners and their staff. It The definition the strictest term. Many are more than a helps cities help themselves by providing single city, such as a metropolitan region, a of a smart city objective, vendor-neutral information to make cluster of cities, counties and groups of coun- confident, educated choices about the tech- A smart city uses information and communi- ties, a collection of nearby towns or a regional nologies that can transform a city. cations technology (ICT) to enhance its livability, coalition. Other examples are less than a full- workability and sustainability. In simplest scale city, such as districts, neighborhoods, Cities around the world are already making terms, there are three parts to that job: collect- townships, villages, campuses and military tremendous progress in achieving economic, ing, communicating and “crunching.” First, a bases. Indeed, many municipalities are taking environmental and social sustainability, in smart city collects information about itself a neighborhood-by-neighborhood approach to export-based initiatives and in the creation of through sensors, other devices and existing modernization. This Guide is designed to 21st century jobs. All of these are excellent systems. Next, it communicates that data address all of these human ecosystems. ways to improve city living standards and econ- using wired or wireless networks. Third, it omies. The concept of smart cities doesn’t “crunches” (analyzes) that data to understand Because it is in common use, we will continue compete with these efforts. Instead, smart city what’s happening now and what’s likely to to use “city” throughout this Guide. But we use technologies can support and enhance work happen next. it to mean all relevant examples big and small. already underway. Regardless of size, we are taking a compre- Collecting data. Smart devices are logically hensive, holistic view that includes the entirety In this chapter, we will define the smart city, located throughout the city to measure and of human activity in an area, including city explore its benefits and introduce the frame- monitor conditions. For instance, smart meters governments, schools, hospitals, infrastruc- work that underlies this Readiness Guide. can measure electricity, gas and water usage CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO SMART CITIES | Smart Cities Council Readiness Guide 6 THE THREE CORE with great accuracy. Smart traffic sensors can predicting. If you’ve read about “analytics” or “Big FUNCTIONS OF A report on road conditions and congestion. Smart Data,” then you may already know about the GPS gear can pinpoint the exact locations of the astonishing things that become possible by SMART CITY city’s buses or the whereabouts of emergency crunching large amounts of data. Importantly, crews. Automated weather stations can report crunching data turns information into intelligence conditions. And the smartphones carried by that helps people and machines to act and make many city dwellers are also sensors that can – better decisions. This begins a virtuous cycle when specifically authorized by their users to do wherein data is made useful, people make use of so – collect their position, speed, where they clus- that data to improve decisions and behavior, ter at different times of the day and the environ- which in turn means more and better data is Collect Communicate “Crunch” mental conditions around them. collected, thereby further improving decisions and behavior. A smart city, then, is one that knows about itself Figure 1.1 and makes itself more known to its populace. No Presenting information tells us what’s going on longer do we have to wonder if a street is right now. In the aerospace and defense indus- 1 congested – the street reports its condition. No tries, they call this “situational awareness.” Collect information about current longer do we have to wonder if we’re losing water Software monitors the huge flow of incoming conditions across all responsibility to leaks – the smart water network detects and data, then summarizes and visualizes it in a way areas (power, water, traffic, reports leaks as soon as they occur. No longer do that makes it easy for human operators to under- weather, buildings, etc.). we have to guess the progress of the city’s stand. For instance, a smart operations center 2 garbage trucks – the trucks report where they’ve can monitor all aspects of an emergency situa- Communicate been already and where they are headed next. tion, including the actions and locations of police, information, sometimes to other fire, ambulances, traffic, downed power lines, devices, sometimes to a control center and sometimes to servers Communicating data. Once you’ve collected the closed streets and much more. running powerful software. data, you need to send it along. Smart cities typi- cally mix and match a variety of wired and wire- Perfecting operations uses the power of 3 Crunch less communications pathways, from fiber-optic computers to optimize complex systems. For data, analyzing it to present to cellular to cable. The ultimate goal is to have instance, balancing the supply and demand on information, to perfect (optimize) connectivity everywhere, to every person and an electricity network; or synchronizing traffic operations and to predict what every device. signals to minimize congestion; or selecting the might happen next. ideal routes for a delivery fleet to minimize time Crunching data. After collecting and communi- and fuel costs; or optimizing the energy usage cating the data, you analyze it for one of three of an entire high-rise to achieve maximum purposes: 1) presenting, 2) perfecting or 3) comfort at minimum cost.
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