The United States Government Manual 2014

Office of the Federal Register National Archives and Records Administration Revised July 1, 2014

Charles A. Barth, Director of the Federal Register. David S. Ferriero, Archivist of the United States.

ii Preface

As the official handbook of the Federal Government, The United States Government Manual provides comprehensive information on the agencies of the legislative, judicial, and executive branches. The Manual also includes information on quasi- official agencies; international organizations in which the United States participates; and boards, commissions, and committees. A typical agency description includes a list of principal officials, a summary statement of the agency’s purpose and role in the Federal Government, a brief history of the agency, including its legislative or executive authority, a description of its programs and activities, and a “Sources of Information” section. This last section provides information on consumer activities, contracts and grants, employment, publications, and many other areas of public interest. The Manual is also available and periodically updated on its own website. The U.S. Government Manual website (usgovernmentmanual.gov) is jointly administered by the Office of the Federal Register (OFR)/Government Printing Office (GPO) partnership. The website offers three ways to and information about Government agencies and organizations by entering a term in the keyword search box, browsing categories, or using “The Government of the United States” site map for an overview of the Government. For more information and to view The Manual online, go to www. usgovernmentmanual.gov. The 2014 Manual was prepared by the Presidential and Legislative Publications Unit, Office of the Federal Register. Alfred W. Jones was Team Leader; Joseph Frankovic was Managing Editor; assisted by Lois Davis, Joshua Liberatore, Joseph Vetter, Edgar G. Gibbs, Ryan R. Nolan, and Todd Goodman.

The Federal Register and Its Special Editions The Manual is published as a special edition of the Federal Register (see 1 CFR 9.1). Its focus is on programs and activities. Persons interested in detailed organizational structure, the regulatory documents of an agency, or Presidential documents should refer to the Federal Register or one of its other special editions, described below. Issued each Federal working day, the Federal Register provides a uniform system for publishing Presidential documents, regulatory documents with general applicability and legal effect, proposed rules, notices, and documents required to be published by statute. For more information and to look at the Federal Register online, go to www. federalregister.gov. The Code of Federal Regulations is an annual codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register. The Code is divided into 50 titles that represent broad areas subject to Federal regulation. The Code is kept up to date by the individual issues of the Federal Register. For more information and to look at the Code of Federal Regulations online, go to www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr. action?collectionCode=CFR. The Compilation of Presidential Documents serves as a timely, up-to-date reference source for the public policies and activities of the President. It contains remarks, news conferences, messages, statements, and other Presidential material of a public nature issued by the White House. The Compilation of Presidential Documents collection is composed of the Daily Compilation of Presidential Documents and its predecessor, iii iv U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL the Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents. For more information and to look at the Presidential documents online, go to www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection. action?collectionCode=CPD. The Compilation of Presidential Documents now has a free mobile application at www.gpo.gov/mobile. A companion publication to the Compilation of Presidential Documents is the Public Papers of the Presidents, which contains public Presidential documents and speeches in convenient book form. Volumes of the Public Papers have been published for every President since Herbert Hoover, with the exception of Franklin D. Roosevelt, whose papers were published privately. For more information and to view the Public Papers online, go to www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?​ collectionCode=PPP.

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DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE...... 1

CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES...... 5 Chart: The Government of the United States...... 22

LEGISLATIVE BRANCH Congress...... 25 The Senate...... 27 The House of Representatives...... 32 Architect of the Capitol...... 44 United States Botanic Garden...... 45 Government Accountability Office...... 48 Government Printing Office...... 50 Library of Congress...... 53 Congressional Research Service...... 59 Congressional Budget Office...... 60

JUDICIAL BRANCH The Supreme Court of the United States...... 65 Lower Courts...... 66 United States Courts of Appeals...... 66 United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit...... 67 United States District Courts...... 68 Territorial Courts...... 68 United States Court of International Trade...... 69 Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation...... 69 Special Courts...... 70 United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces...... 70 United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims...... 70 United States Court of Federal Claims...... 71 United States Tax Court...... 72 Administrative Office of the United States Courts...... 72 Federal Judicial Center...... 75 United States Sentencing Commission...... 76

EXECUTIVE BRANCH: THE PRESIDENT The President...... 81 The Vice President...... 81 The Executive Office of the President...... 82 White House Office...... 82 Office of the Vice President...... 83 Council of Economic Advisers...... 84 Council on Environmental Quality...... 84 National Security Council...... 85

v vi U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Office of Administration...... 86 Office of Management and Budget...... 86 Office of National Drug Control Policy...... 89 Office of Policy Development...... 90 Domestic Policy Council...... 90 National Economic Council...... 91 Office of Science and Technology Policy...... 91 Office of the United States Trade Representative...... 92

EXECUTIVE BRANCH: DEPARTMENTS Department of Agriculture...... 97 Department of Commerce...... 118 Bureau of Industry and Security...... 120 Economic Development Administration...... 122 Economics and Statistics Administration...... 123 International Trade Administration...... 125 Minority Business Development Agency...... 126 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration...... 127 National Telecommunications and Information Administration...... 129 National Institute of Standards and Technology...... 130 National Technical Information Service...... 130 United States Patent and Trademark Office...... 131 Department of Defense...... 133 Department of the Air Force...... 141 Department of the Army...... 148 Department of the Navy...... 157 United States Marine Corps...... 164 United States Naval Academy...... 166 Defense Agencies...... 166 Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency...... 166 Defense Commissary Agency...... 166 Defense Contract Audit Agency...... 167 Defense Contract Management Agency...... 168 Defense Finance and Accounting Service...... 168 Defense Information Systems Agency...... 168 Defense Intelligence Agency...... 169 Defense Legal Services Agency...... 169 Defense Logistics Agency...... 170 Defense Security Cooperation Agency...... 170 Defense Security Service...... 171 Defense Threat Reduction Agency...... 171 Missile Defense Agency...... 172 National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency...... 172 National Security Agency / Central Security Service...... 173 Pentagon Force Protection Agency...... 173 Joint Service Schools...... 173 Defense Acquisition University...... 173 National Intelligence University...... 174 National Defense University...... 174 Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences...... 176 Department of Education...... 178 Federally Aided Corporations...... 182 American Printing House for the Blind...... 182 Gallaudet University...... 182 Howard University...... 183 Contents vii National Technical Institute for the Deaf / Rochester Institute of Technology...... 183 Department of Energy...... 185 Federal Energy Regulatory Commission...... 193 Department of Health and Human Services...... 194 Administration for Children and Families...... 197 Administration for Community Living...... 198 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality...... 198 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry...... 198 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention...... 199 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services...... 200 Food and Drug Administration...... 200 Health Resources and Services Administration...... 201 Indian Health Service...... 202 National Institutes of Health...... 202 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration...... 206 Department of Homeland Security...... 207 Department of Housing and Urban Development...... 214 Department of the Interior...... 219 Bureau of Indian Affairs...... 222 Bureau of Indian Education...... 223 Bureau of Land Management...... 223 Bureau of Ocean Energy Management...... 225 Bureau of Reclamation...... 226 Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement...... 226 National Park Service...... 227 Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement...... 228 United States Fish and Wildlife Service...... 229 United States Geological Survey...... 231 Department of Justice...... 233 Bureaus...... 244 Federal Bureau of Investigation...... 244 Bureau of Prisons...... 244 United States Marshals Service...... 245 International Criminal Police Organization—United States National Central Bureau...... 246 Drug Enforcement Administration...... 246 Office of Justice Programs...... 247 Office on Violence Against Women...... 248 Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives...... 248 Offices and Boards...... 249 Executive Office for Immigration Review...... 249 United States Parole Commission...... 250 Office of Community Oriented Policing Services...... 250 Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States...... 251 Department of Labor...... 252 Bureau of International Labor Affairs...... 257 Bureau of Labor Statistics...... 258 Employee Benefits Security Administration...... 259 Employment and Training Administration...... 259 Mine Safety and Health Administration...... 262 Occupational Safety and Health Administration...... 262 Veterans’ Employment and Training Service...... 263 Wage and Hour Division...... 264 Women’s Bureau...... 264 viii U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Department of State...... 265 Department of Transportation...... 278 Federal Aviation Administration...... 282 Federal Highway Administration...... 284 Federal Railroad Administration...... 285 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration...... 286 Federal Transit Administration...... 289 Maritime Administration...... 292 Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation...... 293 Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration...... 294 Research and Innovative Technology Administration...... 295 Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration...... 296 Surface Transportation Board...... 297 Department of the Treasury...... 299 Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau...... 303 Office of the Comptroller of the Currency...... 304 Bureau of Engraving and Printing...... 305 Bureau of the Fiscal Service...... 306 Internal Revenue Service...... 309 United States Mint...... 311 Department of Veterans Affairs...... 312

EXECUTIVE BRANCH: INDEPENDENT AGENCIES AND GOVERNMENT CORPORATIONS Administrative Conference of the United States...... 321 African Development Foundation...... 324 Broadcasting Board of Governors...... 324 Central Intelligence Agency...... 328 Commodity Futures Trading Commission...... 329 Consumer Financial Protection Bureau...... 331 Consumer Product Safety Commission...... 334 Corporation for National and Community Service...... 336 Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board...... 340 Environmental Protection Agency...... 340 Equal Employment Opportunity Commission...... 346 Export-Import Bank of the United States...... 350 Farm Credit Administration...... 352 Federal Communications Commission...... 355 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation...... 359 Federal Election Commission...... 362 Federal Housing Finance Agency...... 365 Federal Labor Relations Authority...... 367 Federal Maritime Commission...... 370 Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service...... 373 Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission...... 374 Federal Reserve System...... 376 Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board...... 380 Federal Trade Commission...... 381 General Services Administration...... 384 Inter-American Foundation...... 391 Merit Systems Protection Board...... 391 National Aeronautics and Space Administration...... 392 National Archives and Records Administration...... 400 National Capital Planning Commission...... 409 National Credit Union Administration...... 411 Contents ix National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities...... 412 National Endowment for the Arts...... 412 National Endowment for the Humanities...... 414 Institute of Museum and Library Services...... 416 National Labor Relations Board...... 419 National Mediation Board...... 421 National Railroad Passenger Corporation (AMTRAK)...... 425 National Science Foundation...... 426 National Transportation Safety Board...... 431 Nuclear Regulatory Commission...... 434 Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission...... 437 Office of the Director of National Intelligence...... 439 Office of Government Ethics...... 440 Office of Personnel Management...... 442 Office of Special Counsel...... 447 Overseas Private Investment Corporation...... 449 Peace Corps...... 450 Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation...... 454 Postal Regulatory Commission...... 456 Railroad Retirement Board...... 457 Securities and Exchange Commission...... 460 Selective Service System...... 465 Small Business Administration...... 467 Social Security Administration...... 475 Tennessee Valley Authority...... 479 Trade and Development Agency...... 480 United States Agency for International Development...... 483 United States Commission on Civil Rights...... 486 United States International Trade Commission...... 489 United States Postal Service...... 493 Boards, Commissions, and Committees...... 499 Quasi-Official Agencies Legal Services Corporation...... 505 Smithsonian Institution...... 507 John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts...... 517 National Gallery of Art...... 519 Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars...... 521 State Justice Institute...... 523 United States Holocaust Memorial Museum...... 523 United States Institute of Peace...... 528 International Organizations African Development Bank...... 531 Asian Development Bank...... 531 European Bank for Reconstruction and Development...... 532 Inter-American Defense Board...... 532 Inter-American Development Bank...... 533 International Monetary Fund...... 533 Inter-American Investment Corporation...... 534 International Organization for Migration...... 534 Organization of American States...... 535 United Nations...... 536 World Bank Group...... 539 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development...... 539 x U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL International Development Association...... 539 International Finance Corporation...... 539 Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency...... 540 International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes...... 540 Other International Organizations...... 541 Selected Bilateral Organizations...... 545

Commonly Used Agency Acronyms...... 547 History of Agency Organizational Changes...... 555 Declaration of Independence

Action of Second Continental Congress, July 4, 1776

In CONGRESS, July 4, 1776.

The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America,

When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.—That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed,— That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.—Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world.—He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.—He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.—He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.—He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.—He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people.—He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the Legislative powers, incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the People at large

1 2 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL for their exercise; the State remaining in the mean time exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within.—He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands.—He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary powers.—He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.—He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harrass our people, and eat out their substance.—He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our legislatures.—He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil power.—He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation:—For Quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:— For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States:—For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world:—For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent:—For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury:—For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offences—For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighbouring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies:—For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws, and altering fundamentally the Forms of our Governments:— For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.—He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us.—He has plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people.— He is at this time transporting large Armies of foreign Mercenaries to compleat the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty & perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the Head of a civilized nation.—He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands.—He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages, whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions.—In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A Prince whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.—Nor have We been wanting in attentions to our Brittish brethren. We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which, would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War, in Peace Friends. We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent Declaration of Independence 3 States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do. And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor.

The 56 signatures on the Declaration appear in the positions indicated:

Column 1 Column 4 Column 6 Georgia: Pennsylvania: New Hampshire: Button Gwinnett Robert Morris Josiah Bartlett Lyman Hall Benjamin Rush William Whipple George Walton Benjamin Franklin John Morton Massachusetts: Column 2 George Clymer Samuel Adams James Smith John Adams North Carolina: George Taylor Robert Treat Paine William Hooper James Wilson Elbridge Gerry Joseph Hewes George Ross John Penn Rhode Island: Delaware: Stephen Hopkins South Carolina: Caesar Rodney William Ellery Edward Rutledge George Read Connecticut: Thomas Heyward, Jr. Thomas McKean Thomas Lynch, Jr. Roger Sherman Arthur Middleton Column 5 Samuel Huntington William Williams Column 3 New York: Oliver Wolcott William Floyd New Hampshire: Massachusetts: Philip Livingston John Hancock Francis Lewis Matthew Thornton Maryland: Lewis Morris Samuel Chase New Jersey: William Paca Richard Stockton Thomas Stone John Witherspoon Charles Carroll of Francis Hopkinson Carrollton John Hart Virginia: Abraham Clark George Wythe Richard Henry Lee Thomas Jefferson Benjamin Harrison Thomas Nelson, Jr. Francis Lightfoot Lee Carter Braxton

For more information on the Declaration of Independence and the Charters of Freedom, see http://archives.gov/exhibits/charters/declaration.html

Constitution of the United States

Note: The following text is a transcription of the Constitution in its original form. Items that are underlined have since been amended or superseded.

Preamble

We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

Article I

Section 1. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. Section 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second year by the people of the several states, and the electors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the state legislature. No person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state in which he shall be chosen. Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several states which may be included within this union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons. The actual Enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each state shall have at least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the state of New Hampshire shall be entitled to chuse three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and Georgia three. When vacancies happen in the Representation from any state, the executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies. 5 6 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL The House of Representatives shall choose their speaker and other officers; and shall have the sole power of impeachment. Section 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each state, chosen by the legislature thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The seats of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth year, and the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen by resignation, or otherwise, during the recess of the legislature of any state, the executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next meeting of the legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies. No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state for which he shall be chosen. The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no vote, unless they be equally divided. The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the office of President of the United States. The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When sitting for that purpose, they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: And no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two thirds of the members present. Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust or profit under the United States: but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment and punishment, according to law. Section 4. The times, places and manner of holding elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each state by the legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by law make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law appoint a different day. Section 5. Each House shall be the judge of the elections, returns and qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner, and under such penalties as each House may provide. Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two thirds, expel a member. Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may in their judgment require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the members of either House on any question shall, at the desire of one fifth of those present, be entered on the journal. Neither House, during the session of Congress, shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting. Section 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compensation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the treasury of the United States. They shall in all cases, except treason, felony and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective Houses, and in Constitution of the United States 7 going to and returning from the same; and for any speech or debate in either House, they shall not be questioned in any other place. No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased during such time: and no person holding any office under the United States, shall be a member of either House during his continuance in office. Section 7. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments as on other Bills. Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a law, be presented to the President of the United States; if he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his objections to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that House, it shall become a law. But in all such cases the votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each House respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their adjournment prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law. Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of adjournment) shall be presented to the President of the United States; and before the same shall take effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill. Section 8. The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States; but all duties, imposts and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States; To borrow money on the credit of the United States; To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes; To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States; To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures; To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States; To establish post offices and post roads; To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries; To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court; To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offenses against the law of nations; To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water; To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years; To provide and maintain a navy; To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces; 8 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the union, suppress insurrections and repel invasions; To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the states respectively, the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress; To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of the legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dockyards, and other needful buildings;—And To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof. Section 9. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the states now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it. No bill of attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed. No capitation, or other direct, tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to the census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any state. No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to the ports of one state over those of another: nor shall vessels bound to, or from, one state, be obliged to enter, clear or pay duties in another. No money shall be drawn from the treasury, but in consequence of appropriations made by law; and a regular statement and account of receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to time. No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States: and no person holding any office of profit or trust under them, shall, without the consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title, of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state. Section 10. No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility. No state shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing it’s inspection laws: and the net produce of all duties and imposts, laid by any state on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the treasury of the United States; and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the Congress. No state shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops, or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another state, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay. Constitution of the United States 9 Article II Section 1. The executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of four years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the same term, be elected, as follows: Each state shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a number of electors, equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an elector. The electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves. And they shall make a list of all the persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each; which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have such majority, and have an equal number of votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately choose by ballot one of them for President; and if no person have a majority, then from the five highest on the list the said House shall in like manner choose the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each state having one vote; A quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. In every case, after the choice of the President, the person having the greatest number of votes of the electors shall be the Vice President. But if there should remain two or more who have equal votes, the Senate shall choose from them by ballot the Vice President. The Congress may determine the time of choosing the electors, and the day on which they shall give their votes; which day shall be the same throughout the United States. No person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United States, at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of President; neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained to the age of thirty five years, and been fourteen Years a resident within the United States. In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the same shall devolve on the Vice President, and the Congress may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation or inability, both of the President and Vice President, declaring what officer shall then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the disability be removed, or a President shall be elected. The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services, a compensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that period any other emolument from the United States, or any of them. Before he enter on the execution of his office, he shall take the following oath or affirmation:—”I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.” Section 2. The President shall be commander in chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several states, when called into the actual service of the United States; he may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive departments, upon any subject relating to the duties 10 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL of their respective offices, and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeachment. He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States, whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law: but the Congress may by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments. The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which shall expire at the end of their next session. Section 3. He shall from time to time give to the Congress information of the state of the union, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in case of disagreement between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper; he shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers; he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers of the United States. Section 4. The President, Vice President and all civil officers of the United States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors.

Article III

Section 1. The judicial power of the United States, shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The judges, both of the supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behaviour, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services, a compensation, which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office. Section 2. The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority;—to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls;—to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction;—to controversies to which the United States shall be a party;—to controversies between two or more states;—between a state and citizens of another state;—between citizens of different states;—between citizens of the same state claiming lands under grants of different states, and between a state, or the citizens thereof, and foreign states, citizens or subjects. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, and those in which a state shall be party, the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions, and under such regulations as the Congress shall make. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury; and such trial shall be held in the state where the said crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within any state, the trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have directed. Section 3. Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall Constitution of the United States 11 be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court. The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason, but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture except during the life of the person attainted.

Article IV

Section 1. Full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state. And the Congress may by general laws prescribe the manner in which such acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. Section 2. The citizens of each state shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several states. A person charged in any state with treason, felony, or other crime, who shall flee from justice, and be found in another state, shall on demand of the executive authority of the state from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the state having jurisdiction of the crime. No person held to service or labor in one state, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due. Section 3. New states may be admitted by the Congress into this union; but no new states shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other state; nor any state be formed by the junction of two or more states, or parts of states, without the consent of the legislatures of the states concerned as well as of the Congress. The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States, or of any particular state. Section 4. The United States shall guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion; and on application of the legislature, or of the executive (when the legislature cannot be convened) against domestic violence.

Article V

The Congress, whenever two thirds of both houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the application of the legislatures of two thirds of the several states, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the legislatures of three fourths of the several states, or by conventions in three fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the Congress; provided that no amendment which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first article; and that no state, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate. 12 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Article VI

All debts contracted and engagements entered into, before the adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution, as under the Confederation. This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof; and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land; and the judges in every state shall be bound thereby, anything in the Constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding. The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the members of the several state legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers, both of the United States and of the several states, shall be bound by oath or affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States.

Article VII

The ratification of the conventions of nine states, shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Constitution between the states so ratifying the same.

Signers

Done in convention by the unanimous consent of the states present the seventeenth day of September in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty seven and of the independence of the United States of America the twelfth. In witness whereof We have hereunto subscribed our Names, Go Washington—Presidt and deputy from Virginia

New Hampshire John Langdon Nicholas Gilman

Massachusetts Nathaniel Gorham Rufus King

Connecticut Wm: Saml Johnson Roger Sherman

New York Alexander Hamilton

New Jersey Wil: Livingston David Brearly Wm Paterson Jona: Dayton

Pennsylvania B. Franklin Thomas Mifflin Robt Morris Geo. Clymer Constitution of the United States 13 Thos FitzSimons Jared Ingersoll James Wilson Gouv Morris

Delaware Geo: Read Gunning Bedford jun John Dickinson Richard Bassett Jaco: Broom

Maryland James McHenry Dan of St Thos Jenifer Danl Carroll

Virginia John Blair— James Madison Jr.

North Carolina Wm Blount Richd Dobbs Spaight Hu Williamson

South Carolina J. Rutledge Charles Cotesworth Pinckney Charles Pinckney Pierce Butler

Georgia William Few Abr Baldwin

Amendments

Note: The first ten Amendments were ratified December 15, 1791, and form what is known as the Bill of Rights.

Amendment 1

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.

Amendment 2

A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed. 14 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Amendment 3

No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

Amendment 4

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

Amendment 5

No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

Amendment 6

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.

Amendment 7

In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.

Amendment 8

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. Constitution of the United States 15 Amendment 9

The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

Amendment 10

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.

Amendment 11

(Ratified February 7, 1795) The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another state, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign state.

Amendment 12

(Ratified July 27, 1804) The electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate;—The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted;—the person having the greatest number of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person 16 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice- President of the United States.

Amendment 13

(Ratified December 6, 1865) Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Amendment 14

(Ratified July 9, 1868) Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Section 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several states according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each state, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the executive and judicial officers of a state, or the members of the legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such state, being twenty- one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such state. Section 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any state, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any state legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any state, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability. Section 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any state shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void. Section 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. Constitution of the United States 17 Amendment 15

(Ratified February 3, 1870) Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Amendment 16

(Ratified February 3, 1913) The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several states, and without regard to any census or enumeration.

Amendment 17

(Ratified April 8, 1913) The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each state, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the state legislatures. When vacancies happen in the representation of any state in the Senate, the executive authority of such state shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: Provided, that the legislature of any state may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct. This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution.

Amendment 18

(Ratified January 16, 1919. Repealed December 5, 1933 by Amendment 21) Section 1. After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited. Section 2. The Congress and the several states shall have concurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. Section 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of the several states, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the states by the Congress. 18 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Amendment 19

(Ratified August 18, 1920) The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Amendment 20

(Ratified January 23, 1933) Section 1. The terms of the President and Vice President shall end at noon on the 20th day of January, and the terms of Senators and Representatives at noon on the 3d day of January, of the years in which such terms would have ended if this article had not been ratified; and the terms of their successors shall then begin. Section 2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall begin at noon on the 3d day of January, unless they shall by law appoint a different day. Section 3. If, at the time fixed for the beginning of the term of the President, the President elect shall have died, the Vice President elect shall become President. If a President shall not have been chosen before the time fixed for the beginning of his term, or if the President elect shall have failed to qualify, then the Vice President elect shall act as President until a President shall have qualified; and the Congress may by law provide for the case wherein neither a President elect nor a Vice President elect shall have qualified, declaring who shall then act as President, or the manner in which one who is to act shall be selected, and such person shall act accordingly until a President or Vice President shall have qualified. Section 4. The Congress may by law provide for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom the House of Representatives may choose a President whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them, and for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom the Senate may choose a Vice President whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them. Section 5. Sections 1 and 2 shall take effect on the 15th day of October following the ratification of this article. Section 6. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several states within seven years from the date of its submission.

Amendment 21

(Ratified December 5, 1933) Section 1. The eighteenth article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States is hereby repealed. Section 2. The transportation or importation into any state, territory, or possession of the United States for delivery or use therein of intoxicating liquors, in violation of the laws thereof, is hereby prohibited. Constitution of the United States 19 Section 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by conventions in the several states, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the states by the Congress.

Amendment 22

(Ratified February 27, 1951) Section 1. No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice, and no person who has held the office of President, or acted as President, for more than two years of a term to which some other person was elected President shall be elected to the office of the President more than once. But this article shall not apply to any person holding the office of President when this article was proposed by the Congress, and shall not prevent any person who may be holding the office of President, or acting as President, during the term within which this article becomes operative from holding the office of President or acting as President during the remainder of such term. Section 2. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several states within seven years from the date of its submission to the states by the Congress.

Amendment 23

(Ratified March 29, 1961) Section 1. The District constituting the seat of government of the United States shall appoint in such manner as the Congress may direct: A number of electors of President and Vice President equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives in Congress to which the District would be entitled if it were a state, but in no event more than the least populous state; they shall be in addition to those appointed by the states, but they shall be considered, for the purposes of the election of President and Vice President, to be electors appointed by a state; and they shall meet in the District and perform such duties as provided by the twelfth article of amendment. Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Amendment 24

(Ratified January 23, 1964) Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax. Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. 20 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Amendment 25

(Ratified February 10, 1967) Section 1. In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, the Vice President shall become President. Section 2. Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, the President shall nominate a Vice President who shall take office upon confirmation by a majority vote of both Houses of Congress. Section 3. Whenever the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that he is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, and until he transmits to them a written declaration to the contrary, such powers and duties shall be discharged by the Vice President as Acting President. Section 4. Whenever the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive departments or of such other body as Congress may by law provide, transmit to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Vice President shall immediately assume the powers and duties of the office as Acting President. Thereafter, when the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that no inability exists, he shall resume the powers and duties of his office unless the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive department or of such other body as Congress may by law provide, transmit within four days to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office. Thereupon Congress shall decide the issue, assembling within forty-eight hours for that purpose if not in session. If the Congress, within twenty-one days after receipt of the latter written declaration, or, if Congress is not in session, within twenty-one days after Congress is required to assemble, determines by two- thirds vote of both Houses that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Vice President shall continue to discharge the same as Acting President; otherwise, the President shall resume the powers and duties of his office.

Amendment 26

(Ratified July 1, 1971) Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States, who are 18 years of age or older, to vote, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state on account of age. Section 2. The Congress shall have the power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. Constitution of the United States 21 Amendment 27

(Ratified May 7, 1992) No law, varying the compensation for the services of the Senators and Representatives, shall take effect, until an election of Representatives shall have intervened.

For more information on the Constitution of the United States and the Charters of Freedom, see http://archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution.html 22 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL A N B O F AIR S O F F UR T S FORCE S CLAIM S AF AND TRAD E TMENT TMENT COU R A R ARMED A R CLAIM S T S TES DEVELOPMEN T R A DEVELOPMEN T T DE P DE P TH E VETERAN S TIONA L VETERANS S T TH E HOUSING APPEAL S COU T S COMMISSIO N TIO N OF FO R R FO R COU R COMMISSIO N A TIONA L OF FEDERA L RIG HT S CENTE R T TE S AX INTERN A UNITED TS T COU A O F T CIVIL S T BRANC H O F TRADE TION COU R DISTRICT O F TES TIO N INTERN A CORPOR TH E T APPEAL S APPEAL S A A COU R ON COMMISSIO N GENC Y JUDICIAL ORIAL VIC E A S T TES OF SENTENCING COU R R O F O F A FO R TES TIONAL T BOARD T COU R SE UNITED S T A TMENT TES COMMISSIO N UTHORIT Y JUDICIAL ARANTY TE S S T A TERRI T AL SYSTE M Y SUPREME A A Y U A R O F SECURIT Y HOMELAN D TE S OFFICE UNITED G ADMINISTRA S T FEDERAL COU R ADMINISTR COU R S T GENC Y A O R EXCHANGE A T DE P THE POS T INTERN A VICE COMMISSION S T UNITED A ALLEY TIVE TE S TE S UNITED V TMENT AND A A DEVELOPMENT SE R TE S TES TES TES TREASU R RETIREMENT UNITED A A A A UNITE D BENEFIT S T S T A R REGUL S T S T S T SECURITY S T BUSINESS CORP S UNITE D AND THE AL DE P CE O F UNITE D ADMINISTR A UNITE D PENSION POS T TENNESSEE UNITE D SELECTIVE SMALL PE A RAILROAD SOCIAL UNITED UNITED HUMA N SECURITIES TRADE UNITED VICE S TMENT AND SE R A R TH DE P HEA L TE S (AMTRAK ) HUMANITIE S A COMMISSIO N O F TIO N TIO N TION TH E A O F T S T POLIC Y INTELLIGENCE AR D POLIC Y AN D O REVIE W TIO N TMENT B A O L T S CORPOR A T H A R TMENT CORPOR A A R TRADE TIONAL AR D A R ENERG Y DE P N A GEMEN T TRANSPO R HEA L B O SAFETY A CONT R TIO N TH E TE S DE P A A OF ETHIC S D ADMINISTR TECHNOLOGY AN D AR D U G O N S T MAN COMMISSIO N TION OR TIONS A ASSENGER Y B O D R A T INVESTMEN T P COUNSE L TION S PRESIDEN T AND FOUN UNITE D O R A TIO N UNION T AD A REL T E SAFET Y TION A O DIREC T A UNITE D TIV E R VICE VERNMENT A OFFIC E TIONA L PRI V SPECIAL G O PERSONNEL THE FOUN D SCIENCE N A CREDIT TH E RAIL CORPOR SCIENCE MEDI TRANSPO R REGUL A LABOR THE PRESIDEN T OF TIONAL OF OF OF TH E O F OF O F OF HOUSE O F O F THE TIONAL TIONAL TIONAL TIONAL TIONAL TIONA L TIONAL REPRESEN T VERSEA S OF OFFICE N A N A BRANC H OFFICE OFFICE N A OCCU PA OFFICE N A NUCLEAR N A N A N A O TIO N O F T E PRESIDEN T VERNMENT WHITE OFFIC E OFFICE OFFIC E OFFICE A TMENT O TMENT G PRESIDEN T S T A R A R VICE OFFICE EDUC A CONSTITUTIO N AND THE DE P DE P THE EXECUTIVE ALIT Y THE U UDGE T TIO N Q B TIO N A A EXECUTIVE AR D A L O COMMISSIO N VISER S VIC E B AND D ABLISHMENTS T A TIO N SE R ES COUNCI L ONMEN T REVIE W ADMINISTR ADMINISTR R TION VERNMEN T GEMENT A CE T H AR D TIO N A A P O F O F INVESTMENT B O ENVI GENC Y ECONOMIC S UTHORIT Y COMMISSIO N A ADMINISTR A A HEA L MAN A SECURIT Y G O ON OF TIO N RECORDS CONCILI O F AND INDEPENDENT OF A AN D TMENT TMENT THRIFT TIONS TECTION AND AND A LABO R A R A R ADMINISTR COMMISSIO N O SYSTE M DEFENS E FINANCE TIONA L UTICS PLANNING R FOUN D P COMMISSIO N COUNCIL REL N A OFFIC E OFFICE COUNCIL VE DE P DE P TION AL SAFET Y R TH E T A ON A VICES R R ARCHIVES AE CAPI SE MIN E RETIREMENT TRADE RESE HOUSING MEDI LABOR MARITIME SYSTEMS TIONAL TIONAL TIONAL MERIT N A N A FEDERAL FEDERAL FEDERAL FEDERA L INTER-AMERICAN FEDERAL FEDERAL FEDERAL FEDERAL GENERAL N A O F O F VICE TES A SER ST TMENT TMENT A R A R JUSTIC E COMMERC E AR D TE S OFFIC E TIO N A O L O DE P DE P A UNITED B OFFIC E S T OFFIC E BOARD COMMISSIO N GARDE N COMMUNIT Y THE CAPI T TION ABILITY BRANC H GENC Y COMMISSIO N OF A SAFETY UDGET AN D CORPOR COMMISSIO N UNITED ANIC VERNOR S HOUS E THE B T CONGRES S TUNITY COMMISSIO N TIVE R PRINTING G O OF B O THE TIO N OF T E CONGRES S AGENCY FOUNDA A CCOUN T OF Y PROTECTION A TIONA L TRADING OF SAFETY CILITIES TIONS TECTION TES OPPO A A A THE N A O COMMISSIO N F SEN A ARD R LEGISL A INSURANCE S T P CONFERENCE BANK B O LIBRA R FO R T VERNMENT ODUCT A L O F YMENT O F ARCHITECT ADMINISTR INANCIAL FUTURES O TIVE F P R G O CONGRESSIONAL VERNMENT NUCLEAR TIO N UNITED ELECTION INTELLIGENCE COMMUNIC TUR E DEPOSIT DEVELOPMENT -IMPO R G O EMPL T TMENT ONMEN T TMENT CREDIT INTERIO R AL ADCASTING A R A R U O GRICU L ARM THE A ENVI R ADMINISTRA CORPOR A CONSUMER COMMODITY CONSUMER DEFENSE E Q EXPO R FEDERAL AFRICAN B R FEDERAL CENTRAL F FEDERAL DE P DE P Legislative Branch

LEGISLATIVE BRANCH

CONGRESS One Hundred and Thirteenth Congress, Second Session

The Congress of the United States was created by Article I, section 1, of the Constitution, adopted by the Constitutional Convention on September 17, 1787, providing that “All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.” The first Congress under the Constitution met on March 4, 1789, in the Federal Hall in New York City. The membership then consisted of 20 Senators and 59 Representatives.1

Congressional Record Proceedings Congress on other days of the year. of Congress are published in the From 1820 to 1934, however, Congress Congressional Record, which is issued met regularly on the first Monday in each day when Congress is in session. December. In 1934 the 20th amendment Publication of the Record began March changed the convening of Congress to 4, 1873. It was the first record of debate January 3, unless Congress “shall by law officially reported, printed, and published appoint a different day.” In addition, directly by the Federal Government. The the President, according to Article II, Daily Digest of the Congressional Record, section 3, of the Constitution “may, on printed in the back of each issue of the extraordinary Occasions, convene both Record, summarizes the proceedings Houses, or either of them, and in Case of that day in each House and each of of Disagreement between them, with their committees and subcommittees, Respect to the Time of Adjournment, he respectively. The Digest also presents the may adjourn them to such Time as he legislative program for each day and, at shall think proper. . . .” the end of the week, gives the program Powers of Congress Article I, section for the following week. Its publication 8, of the Constitution defines the powers was begun March 17, 1947. of Congress. Included are the powers Sessions Section 4 of Article I of the to assess and collect taxes—called the Constitution makes it mandatory that chief power; to regulate commerce, both “The Congress shall assemble at least interstate and foreign; to coin money; to once in every Year. . . .” Under this establish post offices and post roads; to provision, also, the date for convening establish courts inferior to the Supreme Congress was designated originally as Court; to declare war; and to raise and the first Monday in December, “unless maintain an army and navy. Congress they shall by Law appoint a different is further empowered “To provide for Day.” Eighteen acts were passed, up calling forth the Militia to execute the to 1820, providing for the meeting of Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions;” and “To make 1 New York ratified the Constitution on July 26, all Laws which shall be necessary and 1788, but did not elect its Senators until July 15 and 16, 1789. North Carolina did not ratify the proper for carrying into Execution the Constitution until November 21, 1789; Rhode Island foregoing Powers, and all other Powers ratified it on May 29, 1790. 25 26 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL vested by this Constitution in the except those proposing a constitutional Government of the United States, or in amendment, must pass both the House of any Department or Officer thereof.” Representatives and the Senate and either Amendments to the Constitution ​ be signed by the President or be passed Another power vested in the Congress over the President’s veto by a two-thirds is the right to propose amendments to vote of both Houses of Congress. Section the Constitution, whenever two-thirds 7 of Article I states: “If any Bill shall not of both Houses shall deem it necessary. be returned by the President within ten Should two-thirds of the State legislatures Days (Sundays excepted) after it shall demand changes in the Constitution, have been presented to him, the Same it is the duty of Congress to call a shall be a Law, in like Manner as if he constitutional convention. Proposed had signed it, unless the Congress by amendments shall be valid as part of their Adjournment prevent its Return, in the Constitution when ratified by the which Case it shall not be a Law.” When legislatures or by conventions of three- a bill or joint resolution is introduced fourths of the States, as one or the other in the House, the usual procedure for mode of ratification may be proposed by its enactment into law is as follows: Congress. assignment to House committee having Prohibitions Upon Congress Section jurisdiction; if favorably considered, it is 9 of Article I of the Constitution also reported to the House either in its original imposes prohibitions upon Congress. form or with recommended amendments; “The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas if the bill or resolution is passed by the Corpus shall not be suspended, unless House, it is messaged to the Senate when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion and referred to the committee having the public Safety may require it.” A jurisdiction; in the Senate committee bill of attainder or an ex post facto law the bill, if favorably considered, may cannot be passed. No export duty can be reported in the form as received be imposed. Ports of one State cannot be from the House, or with recommended given preference over those of another amendments; the approved bill or State. “No money shall be drawn from resolution is reported to the Senate, and the Treasury, but in Consequence of if passed by that body, is returned to the Appropriations made by Law. . . .” No House; if one body does not accept the title of nobility may be granted. amendments to a bill by the other body, Rights of Members According to section a conference committee comprised 6 of Article I, Members of Congress are of Members of both bodies is usually granted certain privileges. In no case, appointed to effect a compromise; when except in treason, felony, and breach the bill or joint resolution is finally of the peace, can Members be arrested approved by both Houses, it is signed while attending sessions of Congress “and by the Speaker (or Speaker pro tempore) in going to and returning from the same. and the Vice President (or President pro . . .” Furthermore, the Members cannot tempore or acting President pro tempore) be questioned in any other place for and is presented to the President; remarks made in Congress. Each House and once the President’s signature is may expel a Member of its body by a affixed, the measure becomes a law. If two-thirds vote. the President vetoes the bill, it cannot Enactment of Laws In order to become become a law unless it is re-passed by a law, all bills and joint resolutions, two-thirds vote of both Houses. Legislative Branch 27 The Senate The Capitol, Washington, DC 20510 Phone, 202–224–3121. Internet, http://www.senate.gov.

President of the Senate (Vice President of the Joseph R. Biden, Jr. United States) President pro tempore Patrick J. Leahy Majority Leader Harry Reid Minority Leader Mitch McConnell Secretary of the Senate Nancy Erickson Sergeant at Arms Terrance W. Gainer Secretary for the Majority Gary Myrick Secretary for the Minority Laura Dove Chaplain Barry C. Black

The Senate is composed of 100 Members, 2 from each State, who are elected to serve for a term of 6 years. Senators were originally chosen by the State legislatures. This procedure was changed by the 17th amendment to the Constitution, adopted in 1913, which made the election of Senators a function of the people. There are three classes of Senators, and a new class is elected every 2 years. Senators must be residents of the State from which they are chosen. In addition, a Senator must be at least 30 years of age and must have been a citizen of the United States for at least 9 years.

Officers The Vice President of the President and pending the election of a United States is the Presiding Officer President pro tempore. The Secretary is of the Senate. In the Vice President’s the custodian of the seal of the Senate, absence, the duties are taken over by a draws requisitions on the Secretary of President pro tempore, elected by that the Treasury for moneys appropriated body, or someone designated by the for the compensation of Senators, President pro tempore. officers, and employees, and for the The positions of Senate Majority contingent expenses of the Senate, and and Minority Leader have been in is empowered to administer oaths to any existence only since the early years of officer of the Senate and to any witness the 20th century. Leaders are elected produced before it. The Secretary’s at the beginning of each new Congress executive duties include certification by a majority vote of the Senators in of extracts from the Journal of the their political party. In cooperation Senate; the attestation of bills and joint, with their party organizations, Leaders concurrent, and Senate resolutions; in are responsible for the design and impeachment trials, issuance, under achievement of a legislative program. the authority of the Presiding Officer, This involves managing the flow of of all orders, mandates, writs, and legislation, expediting noncontroversial precepts authorized by the Senate; and measures, and keeping Members certification to the President of the United informed regarding proposed action on States of the advice and consent of the pending business. Each Leader serves Senate to ratification of treaties and the as an ex officio member of his party’s names of persons confirmed or rejected policymaking and organizational bodies upon the nomination of the President. and is aided by an assistant floor leader The Sergeant at Arms, elected by vote (whip) and a party secretary. of the Senate, serves as the executive, The Secretary of the Senate, elected chief law enforcement, and protocol by vote of the Senate, performs the officer and is the principal administrative duties of the Presiding Officer of the manager for most support services in the Senate in the absence of the Vice Senate. As executive officer, the Sergeant 28 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Y A R OO M AK R MINORIT Y MINORITY SECRE T CL O POLIC E POLIC E LEADE R AR D OL OL B O G E TIO N STUDI O CENTE R T E TMEN T CAPI T CAPI T VICE OFFIC E GEMEN T OFFIC E VICE S FINANCIAL ARKIN G GAR A MINORITY A R GALLERIE S OGRAPHI C TE T ./ P SEN A SE R UIPMEN T FINANCIAL ODUCTIO N A SE R DE P OFFICE R MAN A I. D CCOUNTIN G POST AND S T PRINTIN G E Q P R GRAPHIC S COORDIN A A CHIEF PH O MEDIA • • • • • • RECORDING COMPUTER ARM S OFFIC E T A SERGEAN T ARM S T A DOORKEEPE R TIO N OR S A ANT S EXECUTIVE ANC E AND T DEPUTY TION S T SERGEANT . DOR M TIO N A L AN D EDUC AN D DIVISIO N OFFIC E TTEN D GENERA L GE ASSIS VICE S OPER A OM O COM P A A AND SHO P R RESOURCE S P P R OF OR YEE VICE S ONMEN T T SE OGRA M TH A GUIDE OCUREMEN T TE CEMENT CILITIES P R A SE R ORKERS COUNSEL F HUMAN P R DOORKEEPER S OL SEMINARS PL A EMPL O HEA L W HAIRCAR E ELE V CABINET CHAMBER ENVI R GUID E OFFICE • • • • • SEN A • • • • • TELECOMMUNIC A AR D OL SPECIAL B O CAPI T CAPI T T E SEN A O OFFICE S ELECTE D R CHAPLAI N LEADERSHI P P TIV E PRESIDEN T TES ilit y A ilit y COUNSE L TEMPOR E VICE LEGISL A S T PRESIDENT responsib THE responsib

Legen d ersight LEGA L Direct O v COUNSE L UNITED Y A R TER S OO M R R FO R TIV E SYSTEM S CLER K TIV E ARIA N CLER K T E Y CLER K T E CHIE F TE S YMEN T SHO P CLER K REPO COUNSE L SCHOO L TION TE TIVE RESOURCE S ARLIAMEN T SEN A SEN A DIGES T VICE S DEB A GE CLER K GIFT OLLING Y A LEGISL A TIONE R EMPL O COUNSEL P SEN A A OF SE R AI L ARLIAMEN T ADMINISTR A P JOURNAL LEGISL A EXECUTIVE BILL EN R OFFICIAL D S T GENERAL INTER P HUMAN INFORM A T E Y O F • • • • • • • • • • • • T E Y A R ANT SEN A A R SEN A THE ASSIS T SECRE T THE SECRE T OF TIO N VICE S A Y R TIO N OFFIC E V OFFIC E AN D O R A SE T V SECURIT Y RECORD S VICE S TE PRESE R URSING LIBRA R ORICAL CUR A SE R PRINTING CAPTIONING CONSE R PUBLIC DOCUMENT AND DIS B HIS T SEN A LEADE R TIV E MAJORITY Y LEGISL A SCHEDULIN G A R Y MAJORIT Y SECRE T OO M AK R MAJORIT CL O Legislative Branch 29 at Arms has custody of the Senate gavel; Committees The work of preparing enforces Senate rules and regulations and considering legislation is done as they pertain to the Senate Chamber, largely by committees of both Houses the Senate wing of the Capitol, and the of Congress. There are 16 standing Senate office buildings; and subject to committees in the Senate. The standing the Presiding Officer, maintains order committees of the Senate are shown in on the Senate floor, Chamber, and the list below. In addition, there are two galleries. As chief law enforcement select committees in each House and officer of the Senate, the Sergeant at various congressional commissions and Arms is authorized to maintain security joint committees composed of Members in the Capitol and all Senate buildings, of both Houses. Each House may also as well as to protect Senators; to arrest appoint special investigating committees. and detain any person violating Senate The membership of the standing rules; and to locate absentee Senators for committees of each House is chosen by a quorum. The Sergeant at Arms serves a vote of the entire body; members of as a member of the Capitol Police Board other committees are appointed under and as its chairman each odd year. As the provisions of the measure establishing protocol officer, the Sergeant at Arms them. escorts the President and other heads of Each bill and resolution is usually state or official guests of the Senate who referred to the appropriate committee, are attending official functions in the which may report a bill out in its Capitol; makes arrangements for funerals original form, favorably or unfavorably, of Senators who die in office; and assists recommend amendments, report in planning the inauguration of the original measures, or allow the proposed President and organizing the swearing- legislation to die in committee without in and orientation programs for newly action. elected Senators.

Standing Committees of the Senate Senate Commitee Room* Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry...... SR328A Appropriations...... S128 Armed Services...... SR228 Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs...... SD534 Budget...... SD624 Commerce, Science, and Transportation...... SR254 Energy and Natural Resources...... SD304 Environment and Public Works...... SD410 Finance...... SD219 Foreign Relations...... SD444 Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions...... SD428 Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs...... SD340 Judiciary...... SD224 Rules and Administration...... SR305 Small Business and Entrepreneurship...... SR428A Veterans’ Affairs...... SR412 *Room numbers preceded by S are in the Senate wing of the Capitol Building; those preceded by SD are in the Dirksen Office Building; and those preceded by SR are in the Russell Office Building.

Special Powers of the Senate Under the or disapproves certain Presidential Constitution, the Senate is granted certain appointments by majority vote, and powers not accorded to the House of treaties must be concurred in by a two- Representatives. The Senate approves thirds vote. 30 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Senators [Democrats (53); Republicans (45); Independents (2); total, 100]. Room numbers preceded by SD are in the Dirksen Office Building (First Street and Constitution Avenue); those preceded by SH are in the Hart Office Building (Second and C Streets); and those preceded by SR are in the Russell Office Building (Dela- ware and Constitution Avenues). Members’ offices may be reached by phone at 202–224–3121. The most current listing of Senators can be found on the Internet at http://www.senate.gov.

Name State Room Alexander, Lamar (R)...... Tennessee...... SD455 Ayotte, Kelly A. (R)...... New Hampshire...... SR144 Baldwin, Tammy (D)...... Wisconsin...... SH717 Barrasso, John A. (R)...... Wyoming...... SD307 Begich, Mark (D)...... Alaska...... SR111 Bennet, Michael F. (D)...... Colorado...... SR458 Blumenthal, Richard (D)...... Connecticut...... SH724 Blunt, Roy (R)...... Missouri...... SR260 Booker, Cory A. (D)...... New Jersey...... SH141 Boozman, John (R)...... Arkansas...... SH320 Boxer, Barbara (D)...... California...... SH112 Brown, Sherrod (D)...... Ohio...... SH713 Burr, Richard (R)...... North Carolina...... SR217 Cantwell, Maria (D)...... Washington...... SH311 Cardin, Benjamin L. (D)...... Maryland...... SH509 Carper, Thomas R. (D)...... Delaware...... SH513 Casey, Robert P., Jr. (D)...... Pennsylvania...... SR393 Chambliss, Saxby (R)...... Georgia...... SR416 Coats, Daniel (R)...... Indiana...... SR493 Coburn, Tom (R)...... Oklahoma...... SR172 Cochran, Thad (R)...... Mississippi...... SD113 Collins, Susan M. (R)...... Maine...... SD413 Coons, Christopher A. (D)...... Delaware...... SR127A Corker, Bob (R)...... Tennessee...... SD425 Cornyn, John (R)...... Texas...... SH517 Crapo, Mike (R)...... Idaho...... SD239 Cruz, Ted (R)...... Texas...... SD185 Donnelly, Joe (D)...... Indiana...... SH720 Durbin, Richard J. (D)...... Illinois...... SH711 Enzi, Michael B. (R)...... Wyoming...... SR379A Feinstein, Dianne (D)...... California...... SH331 Fischer, Deb (R)...... Nebraska...... SR383 Flake, Jeff (R)...... Arizona...... SR368 Franken, Al (D)...... Minnesota...... SH309 Gillibrand, Kristen E. (D)...... New York...... SH702 Graham, Lindsey (R)...... South Carolina...... SR290 Grassley, Chuck (R)...... Iowa...... SH135 Hagan, Kay (D)...... North Carolina...... SD521 Harkin, Tom (D)...... Iowa...... SH731 Hatch, Orrin G. (R)...... Utah...... SH104 Heinrich, Martin (D)...... New Mexico...... SH702 Heitkamp, Heidi (D)...... North Dakota...... SH502 Heller, Dean (R)...... Nevada...... SH324 Hirono, Mazie K. (D)...... Hawaii...... SH330 Hoeven, John (R)...... North Dakota...... SR338 Inhofe, James M. (R)...... Oklahoma...... SR205 Isakson, Johnny (R)...... Georgia...... SR131 Johanns, Mike (R)...... Nebraska...... SR404 Johnson, Ron (R)...... Wisconsin...... SH328 Johnson, Tim (D)...... South Dakota...... SH136 Kaine, Tim (D)...... Virginia...... SR388 King, Angus S., Jr. (I)...... Maine...... SD359 Legislative Branch 31

Senators—Continued

[Democrats (53); Republicans (45); Independents (2); total, 100]. Room numbers preceded by SD are in the Dirksen Office Building (First Street and Constitution Avenue); those preceded by SH are in the Hart Office Building (Second and C Streets); and those preceded by SR are in the Russell Office Building (Dela- ware and Constitution Avenues). Members’ offices may be reached by phone at 202–224–3121. The most current listing of Senators can be found on the Internet at http://www.senate.gov.

Name State Room Kirk, Mark S. (R)...... Illinois...... SH524 Klobuchar, Amy (D)...... Minnesota...... SH302 Landrieu, Mary (D)...... Louisiana...... SH703 Leahy, Patrick J. (D)...... Vermont...... SR437 Lee, Michael S. (R)...... Utah...... SH316 Levin, Carl (D)...... Michigan...... SR269 Manchin, Joe, III (D)...... West Virginia...... SH306 Markey, Edward J. (D)...... Massachusetts...... SR218 McCain, John (R)...... Arizona...... SR241 McCaskill, Claire (D)...... Missouri...... SH506 McConnell, Mitch (R)...... Kentucky...... SR317 Menendez, Robert (D)...... New Jersey...... SH528 Merkley, Jeff (D)...... Oregon...... SH313 Mikulski, Barbara A. (D)...... Maryland...... SH503 Moran, Jerry (R)...... Kansas...... SR361A Murkowski, Lisa (R)...... Alaska...... SH709 Murphy, Christopher (D)...... Connecticut...... SH303 Murray, Patty (D)...... Washington...... SR154 Nelson, Bill (D)...... Florida...... SH716 Paul, Rand (R)...... Kentucky...... SR124 Portman, Rob (R)...... Ohio...... SR448 Pryor, Mark (D)...... Arkansas...... SD255 Reed, Jack (D)...... Rhode Island...... SH728 Reid, Harry (D)...... Nevada...... SH522 Risch, James E. (R)...... Idaho...... SR483 Roberts, Pat (R)...... Kansas...... SH109 Rockefeller, John D., IV (D)...... West Virginia...... SH531 Rubio, Marco (R)...... Florida...... SR284 Sanders, Bernard (I)...... Vermont...... SD332 Schatz, Brian (D)...... Hawaii...... SH722 Schumer, Charles E. (D)...... New York...... SH322 Scott, Tim (R)...... South Carolina...... SR167 Sessions, Jeff (R)...... Alabama...... SR326 Shaheen, Jeanne (D)...... New Hampshire...... SH520 Shelby, Richard C. (R)...... Alabama...... SR304 Stabenow, Debbie (D)...... Michigan...... SH133 Tester, Jon (D)...... Montana...... SH706 Thune, John (R)...... South Dakota...... SD511 Toomey, Pat (R)...... Pennsylvania...... SR248 Udall, Mark E. (D)...... Colorado...... SH730 Udall, Tom (D)...... New Mexico...... SH110 Vitter, David (R)...... Louisiana...... SH516 Walsh, John E. (D)...... Montana...... SRC2 Warner, Mark R. (D)...... Virginia...... SR475 Warren, Elizabeth (D)...... Masschusetts...... SH317 Whitehouse, Sheldon (D)...... Rhode Island...... SH530 Wicker, Roger F. (R)...... Mississippi...... SD555 Wyden, Ron (D)...... Oregon...... SD221 32 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Sources of Information telephone directory for the U.S. Senate may be obtained from the Superintendent Electronic Access Specific information of Documents, Government Printing and legislation can be found on the Office, Washington, DC 20402. Internet, Internet at http://thomas.loc.gov or www. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/ senate.gov. collectiontab.action. Publications The Congressional Directory, the Senate Manual, and For further information, contact the Secretary of the Senate, The Capitol, Washington, DC 20510. Phone, 202–224–2115. Internet, http://www.senate.gov.

The House of Representatives The Capitol, Washington, DC 20515 Phone, 202–225–3121. Internet, http://www.house.gov.

The Speaker John A. Boehner Clerk Karen L. Haas Sergeant at Arms Paul D. Irving Chief Administrative Officer Ed Cassidy Chaplain Patrick J. Conroy

The House of Representatives comprises 435 Representatives. The number representing each State is determined by population, but every State is entitled to at least one Representative. Members are elected by the people for 2-year terms, all terms running for the same period. Representatives must be residents of the State from which they are chosen. In addition, a Representative must be at least 25 years of age and must have been a citizen for at least 7 years. A Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico (elected for a 4-year term) and Delegates from American Samoa, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands complete the composition of the Congress of the United States. Delegates are elected for a term of 2 years. The Resident Commissioner and Delegates may take part in the floor discussions but have no vote in the full House. They do, however, vote in the committees to which they are assigned and in the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union.

Officers The Presiding Officer of the Members to order at the commencement House of Representatives, the Speaker, is of the first session of each Congress; elected by the House. The Speaker may keeping the Journal; taking all votes designate any Member of the House to and certifying the passage of bills; and act in the Speaker’s absence. processing all legislation. Through The House leadership is structured various departments, the Clerk is also essentially the same as the Senate, with responsible for floor and committee the Members in the political parties reporting services; legislative information responsible for the election of their and reference services; the administration respective leader and whips. of House reports pursuant to House The elected officers of the House rules and certain legislation including of Representatives include the Clerk, the Ethics in Government Act and the Sergeant at Arms, the Chief the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995; Administrative Officer, and the Chaplain. the distribution of House documents; The Clerk is custodian of the seal of and administration of the House Page the House and administers the primary Program. The Clerk is also charged with legislative activities of the House. These supervision of the offices vacated by duties include accepting the credentials Members due to death, resignation, or of the Members-elect and calling the expulsion. Legislative Branch 33 OF ORIAN HIST OFFICE THE GENCY AREDNESS TIONS A EMER PREP OPER OF AND OFFICE PL ANNING, OR AL Y A R GENER INSPECT OF AIRS F F A ARLIAMEN T OFFICE WHI P INTER P LEADE R TIVE TIVE S A A MINORITY MINORITY CHIEF TIVE OFFICER A ADMINISTR OUNSEL C LEGIS L SPEAKE R REPRESEN T THE O F T VISION A R E OUNSEL W C A L ARMS GEANT WHI P LEADE R SER HOUS E MAJORITY MAJORITY OUNSEL C AL THE GENE R OF HOUSE CLERK AIN CHAP L ARIAN T ARLIAMEN P 34 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL The Sergeant at Arms maintains the There are 19 standing committees in order of the House under the direction the House of Representatives. The of the Speaker and is the keeper of standing committees of the House of the Mace. As a member of the U.S. Representatives are shown in the list Capitol Police Board, the Sergeant below. In addition, there are two select at Arms is the chief law enforcement committees in the House and various officer for the House and serves as congressional commissions and joint Board Chairman each even year. The committees composed of Members of ceremonial and protocol duties parallel both Houses. Each House may also those of the Senate Sergeant at Arms appoint special investigating committees. and include arranging the inauguration The membership of the standing of the President of the United States, committees of each House is chosen by Joint Sessions of Congress, visits to the a vote of the entire body; members of House of heads of state, and funerals other committees are appointed under of Members of Congress. The Sergeant the provisions of the measure establishing at Arms enforces the rules relating to them. the privileges of the Hall of the House, Each bill and resolution is usually including admission to the galleries, referred to the appropriate committee, oversees garage and parking security of which may report a bill out in its the House, and distributes all House staff original form, favorably or unfavorably, identification cards. recommend amendments, report Committees The work of preparing and original measures, or allow the proposed considering legislation is done largely by legislation to die in committee without committees of both Houses of Congress. action.

Standing Committees of the House of Representatives House Committee Room* Agriculture...... 1301 Appropriations...... H307 Armed Services...... 2120 Budget...... 207 Education and the Workforce...... 2181 Energy and Commerce...... 2125 Ethics...... 1015 Financial Services...... 2129 Foreign Affairs...... 2170 Homeland Security...... H2–176 House Administration...... 1309 House Administration (Franking Office)...... 1313 Judiciary...... 2138 Natural Resources...... 1324 Oversight and Government Reform...... 2157 Rules...... H312 Rules (Minority)...... 1627 Science, Space, and Technology...... 2321 Small Business...... 2361 Transportation and Infrastructure...... 2165 Veterans’ Affairs...... 335 Ways and Means...... 1102 *Room numbers with three digits are in the Cannon House Office Building, four digits beginning with 1 are in the Longworth House Office Building, and four digits beginning with 2 are in the Rayburn House Office Building. Room numbers preceded by H or HT are in the House wing of the Capitol Building.

Special Powers of the House of of originating all bills for the raising of Representatives The House of revenue. Both Houses of Congress act Representatives is granted the power in impeachment proceedings, which, Legislative Branch 35 according to the Constitution, may Representatives has the sole power of be instituted against the President, impeachment, and the Senate has the Vice President, and all civil officers sole power to try impeachments. of the United States. The House of

Representatives, Delegates, and Resident Commissioners [Republicans (233); Democrats (200); vacancies (2); total, 435 Members; 5 Delegates; 1 Resident Com- missioner]. Members who have died or resigned appear in bold brackets [ ]. Room numbers with three digits are in the Cannon House Office Building (New Jersey and IndependenceAvenues), four digits beginning with 1 are in the Longworth House Office Building (between South Capitol Street and New JerseyAvenue on Independence Avenue), and four digits beginning with 2 are in the Rayburn House Office Building (between First and South Capitol Streets on Independence Avenue). Members’ offices may be reached by phone at 202–225–3121. The most current listing of House Members can be found on the Internet at http://clerk. house.gov.

Name State (District) / Territory Room Aderholt, Robert B. (R)...... Alabama (4)...... 2369 Amash, Justin (R)...... Michigan (3)...... 114 Amodei, Mark E. (R)...... Nevada (2)...... 222 [Andrews, Robert E.] (D)...... New Jersey (1)...... 2265 Bachmann, Michele (R)...... Minnesota (6)...... 2417 Bachus, Spencer (R)...... Alabama (6)...... 2246 Barber, Ron (D)...... Arizona (2)...... 1029 Barletta, Lou (R)...... Pennsylvania (11)...... 115 Barr, Andy (R)...... Kentucky (6)...... 1432 Barrow, John (D)...... Georgia (12)...... 2202 Barton, Joe (R)...... Texas (6)...... 2107 Bass, Karen (D)...... California (37)...... 408 Beatty, Joyce (D)...... Ohio (3)...... 417 Becerra, Xavier (D)...... California (34)...... 1226 Benishek, Dan (R)...... Michigan (1)...... 514 Bentivolio, Kerry L. (R)...... Michigan (11)...... 226 Bera, Ami (D)...... California (7)...... 1408 Bilirakis, Gus M. (R)...... Florida (12)...... 2313 Bishop, Rob (R)...... Utah (1)...... 123 Bishop, Sanford D., Jr. (D)...... Georgia (2)...... 2429 Bishop, Timothy H. (D)...... New York (1)...... 306 Black, Diane (R)...... Tennessee (6)...... 1531 Blackburn, Marsha (R)...... Tennessee (7)...... 217 Blumenauer, Earl (D)...... Oregon (3)...... 1111 Boehner, John A. (R)...... Ohio (8)...... 1011 Bonamici, Suzanne (D)...... Oregon (1)...... 439 Bordallo, Madeleine Z. (D)...... Guam (Delegate)...... 2441 Boustany, Charles W., Jr. (R)...... Louisiana (3)...... 1431 Brady, Kevin (R)...... Texas (8)...... 301 Brady, Robert A. (D)...... Pennsylvania (1)...... 102 Braley, Bruce L. (D)...... Iowa (1)...... 2263 Bridenstine, Jim (R)...... Oklahoma (1)...... 216 Brooks, Mo (R)...... Alabama (5)...... 1230 Brooks, Susan W. (R)...... Indiana (5)...... 1505 Broun, Paul C. (R)...... Georgia (10)...... 2437 Brown, Corrine (D)...... Florida (5)...... 2111 Brownley, Julia (D)...... California (26)...... 1019 Buchanan, Vern (R)...... Florida (16)...... 2104 Bucshon, Larry (R)...... Indiana (8)...... 1005 Burgess, Michael C. (R)...... Texas (26)...... 2336 Bustos, Cheri (D)...... Illinois (17)...... 1009 Butterfield, G. K. (D)...... North Carolina (1)...... 2305 Byrne, Bradley (R)...... Alabama (1)...... 2236 Calvert, Ken (R)...... California (42)...... 2269 36 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Representatives, Delegates, and Resident Commissioners—Continued

[Republicans (233); Democrats (200); vacancies (2); total, 435 Members; 5 Delegates; 1 Resident Com- missioner]. Members who have died or resigned appear in bold brackets [ ]. Room numbers with three digits are in the Cannon House Office Building (New Jersey and IndependenceAvenues), four digits beginning with 1 are in the Longworth House Office Building (between South Capitol Street and New JerseyAvenue on Independence Avenue), and four digits beginning with 2 are in the Rayburn House Office Building (between First and South Capitol Streets on Independence Avenue). Members’ offices may be reached by phone at 202–225–3121. The most current listing of House Members can be found on the Internet at http://clerk. house.gov.

Name State (District) / Territory Room Camp, Dave (R)...... Michigan (4)...... 341 Campbell, John (R)...... California (45)...... 2331 [Cantor, Eric] (R)...... Virginia (7)...... 303 Capito, Shelley Moore (R)...... West Virginia (2)...... 2366 Capps, Lois (D)...... California (24)...... 2231 Capuano, Michael E. (D)...... Massachusetts (7)...... 1414 Cárdenas, Tony (D)...... California (29)...... 1508 Carney, John C., Jr. (D)...... Delaware (At Large)...... 1406 Carson, Andre (D)...... Indiana (7)...... 2453 Carter, John R. (R)...... Texas (31)...... 409 Cartwright, Matt (D)...... Pennsylvania (17)...... 1419 Cassidy, Bill (R)...... Louisiana (6)...... 1131 Castor, Kathy (D)...... Florida (14)...... 205 Castro, Joaquin (D)...... Texas (20)...... 212 Chabot, Steve (R)...... Ohio (1)...... 2371 Chaffetz, Jason (R)...... Utah (3)...... 2464 Christensen, Donna M. (D)...... Virgin Islands (Delegate)...... 1510 Chu, Judy (D)...... California (27)...... 1520 Cicilline, David N. (D)...... Rhode Island (1)...... 128 Clark, Katherine M. (D)...... Massachusetts (5)...... 2108 Clarke, Yvette D. (D)...... New York (9)...... 2351 Clawson, Curt (R)...... Florida (19)...... 1123 Clay, William Lacy (D)...... Missouri (1)...... 2418 Cleaver, Emanuel (D)...... Missouri (5)...... 2335 Clyburn, James E. (D)...... South Carolina (6)...... 242 Coble, Howard (R)...... North Carolina (6)...... 2188 Coffman, Mike (R)...... Colorado (6)...... 2443 Cohen, Steve (D)...... Tennessee (9)...... 2404 Cole, Tom (R)...... Oklahoma (4)...... 2458 Collins, Chris (R)...... New York (27)...... 1117 Collins, Doug (R)...... Georgia (9)...... 513 Conaway, K. Michael (R)...... Texas (11)...... 2430 Connolly, Gerald E. (D)...... Virginia (11)...... 424 Conyers, John, Jr. (D)...... Michigan (13)...... 2426 Cook, Paul (R)...... California (8)...... 1222 Cooper, Jim (D)...... Tennessee (5)...... 1536 Costa, Jim (D)...... California (16)...... 1314 Cotton, Tom (R)...... Arkansas (4)...... 415 Courtney, Joe (D)...... Connecticut (2)...... 2348 Cramer, Kevin (R)...... North Dakota (At Large)...... 1032 Crawford, Rick (R)...... Arkansas (1)...... 1711 Crenshaw, Ander (R)...... Florida (4)...... 440 Crowley, Joseph (D)...... New York (14)...... 1436 Cuellar, Henry (D)...... Texas (28)...... 2431 Culberson, John Abney (R)...... Texas (7)...... 2352 Cummings, Elijah E. (D)...... Maryland (7)...... 2235 Daines, Steve (R)...... Montana (At Large)...... 206 Davis, Danny K. (D)...... Illinois (7)...... 2159 Davis, Rodney (R)...... Illinois (13)...... 1740 Legislative Branch 37

Representatives, Delegates, and Resident Commissioners—Continued

[Republicans (233); Democrats (200); vacancies (2); total, 435 Members; 5 Delegates; 1 Resident Com- missioner]. Members who have died or resigned appear in bold brackets [ ]. Room numbers with three digits are in the Cannon House Office Building (New Jersey and IndependenceAvenues), four digits beginning with 1 are in the Longworth House Office Building (between South Capitol Street and New JerseyAvenue on Independence Avenue), and four digits beginning with 2 are in the Rayburn House Office Building (between First and South Capitol Streets on Independence Avenue). Members’ offices may be reached by phone at 202–225–3121. The most current listing of House Members can be found on the Internet at http://clerk. house.gov.

Name State (District) / Territory Room Davis, Susan A. (D)...... California (53)...... 1526 DeFazio, Peter A. (D)...... Oregon (4)...... 2134 DeGette, Diana (D)...... Colorado (1)...... 2368 Delaney, John K. (D)...... Maryland (6)...... 1632 DeLauro, Rosa L. (D)...... Connecticut (3)...... 2413 DelBene, Suzan K. (D)...... Washington (1)...... 318 Denham, Jeff (R)...... California (10)...... 1730 Dent, Charles W. (R)...... Pennsylvania (15)...... 2455 DeSantis, Ron (R)...... Florida (6)...... 427 DesJarlais, Scott (R)...... Tennessee (4)...... 413 Deutch, Theodore E. (D)...... Florida (21)...... 1024 Diaz-Balart, Mario (R)...... Florida (25)...... 436 Dingell, John D. (D)...... Michigan (12)...... 2328 Doggett, Lloyd (D)...... Texas (35)...... 201 Doyle, Michael F. (D)...... Pennsylvania (14)...... 239 Duckworth, Tammy (D)...... Illinois (8)...... 104 Duffy, Sean P. (R)...... Wisconsin (7)...... 1208 Duncan, Jeff (R)...... South Carolina (3)...... 116 Duncan, John J., Jr. (R)...... Tennessee (2)...... 2207 Edwards, Donna F. (D)...... Maryland (4)...... 2445 Ellison, Keith (D)...... Minnesota (5)...... 2244 Ellmers, Renee L. (R)...... North Carolina (2)...... 426 Engel, Eliot L. (D)...... New York (16)...... 2161 Enyart, William L. (D)...... Illinois (12)...... 1722 Eshoo, Anna G. (D)...... California (18)...... 241 Esty, Elizabeth H. (D)...... Connecticut (5)...... 509 Faleomavaega, Eni F. H. (D)...... American Samoa (Delegate)...... 2422 Farenthold, Blake (R)...... Texas (27)...... 117 Farr, Sam (D)...... California (20)...... 1126 Fattah, Chaka (D)...... Pennsylvania (2)...... 2301 Fincher, Stephen Lee (R)...... Tennessee (8)...... 1118 Fitzpatrick, Michael G. (R)...... Pennsylvania (8)...... 2400 Fleischmann, Chuck (R)...... Tennessee (3)...... 230 Fleming, John (R)...... Louisiana (4)...... 416 Flores, Bill (R)...... Texas (17)...... 1030 Forbes, J. Randy (R)...... Virginia (4)...... 2135 Fortenberry, Jeff (R)...... Nebraska (1)...... 1514 Foster, Bill (D)...... Illinois (11)...... 1224 Foxx, Virginia (R)...... North Carolina (5)...... 2350 Frankel, Lois (D)...... Florida (22)...... 1037 Franks, Trent (R)...... Arizona (8)...... 2435 Frelinghuysen, Rodney P. (R)...... New Jersey (11)...... 2306 Fudge, Marcia L. (D)...... Ohio (11)...... 2344 Gabbard, Tulsi (D)...... Hawaii (2)...... 502 Gallego, Pete P. (D)...... Texas (23)...... 431 Garamendi, John (D)...... California (3)...... 2438 Garcia, Joe (D)...... Florida (26)...... 1440 Gardner, Cory (R)...... Colorado (4)...... 213 Garrett, Scott (R)...... New Jersey (5)...... 2232 38 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Representatives, Delegates, and Resident Commissioners—Continued

[Republicans (233); Democrats (200); vacancies (2); total, 435 Members; 5 Delegates; 1 Resident Com- missioner]. Members who have died or resigned appear in bold brackets [ ]. Room numbers with three digits are in the Cannon House Office Building (New Jersey and IndependenceAvenues), four digits beginning with 1 are in the Longworth House Office Building (between South Capitol Street and New JerseyAvenue on Independence Avenue), and four digits beginning with 2 are in the Rayburn House Office Building (between First and South Capitol Streets on Independence Avenue). Members’ offices may be reached by phone at 202–225–3121. The most current listing of House Members can be found on the Internet at http://clerk. house.gov.

Name State (District) / Territory Room Gerlach, Jim (R)...... Pennsylvania (6)...... 2442 Gibbs, Bob (R)...... Ohio (7)...... 329 Gibson, Christopher P. (R)...... New York (19)...... 1708 Gingrey, Phil (R)...... Georgia (11)...... 442 Gohmert, Louie (R)...... Texas (1)...... 2243 Goodlatte, Bob (R)...... Virginia (6)...... 2309 Gosar, Paul A. (R)...... Arizona (4)...... 504 Gowdy, Trey (R)...... South Carolina (4)...... 1404 Granger, Kay (R)...... Texas (12)...... 1026 Graves, Sam (R)...... Missouri (6)...... 1415 Graves, Tom (R)...... Georgia (14)...... 432 Grayson, Alan (D)...... Florida (9)...... 430 Green, Al (D)...... Texas (9)...... 2201 Green, Gene (D)...... Texas (29)...... 2470 Griffin, Tim (R)...... Arkansas (2)...... 1232 Griffith, H. Morgan (R)...... Virginia (9)...... 1108 Grijalva, Raul (D)...... Arizona (3)...... 1511 Grimm, Michael (R)...... New York (11)...... 512 Guthrie, Brett (R)...... Kentucky (2)...... 308 Gutiérrez, Luis (D)...... Illinois (4)...... 2408 Hahn, Janice (D)...... California (44)...... 404 Hall, Ralph M. (R)...... Texas (4)...... 2405 Hanabusa, Colleen W. (D)...... Hawaii (1)...... 238 Hanna, Richard L. (R)...... New York (22)...... 319 Harper, Gregg (R)...... Mississippi (3)...... 307 Harris, Andy (R)...... Maryland (1)...... 1533 Hartzler, Vicky (R)...... Missouri (4)...... 1023 Hastings, Alcee L. (D)...... Florida (20)...... 2353 Hastings, Doc (R)...... Washington (4)...... 1203 Heck, Denny (D)...... Washington (10)...... 425 Heck, Joseph J. (R)...... Nevada (3)...... 132 Hensarling, Jeb (R)...... Texas (5)...... 2228 Herrera Beutler, Jaime (R)...... Washington (3)...... 1130 Higgins, Brian (D)...... New York (26)...... 2459 Himes, James (D)...... Connecticut (4)...... 119 Hinojosa, Ruben (D)...... Texas (15)...... 2262 Holding, George (R)...... North Carolina (13)...... 507 Holt, Rush (D)...... New Jersey (12)...... 1214 Honda, Michael (D)...... California (17)...... 1713 Horsford, Steven (D)...... Nevada (4)...... 1330 Hoyer, Steny (D)...... Maryland (5)...... 1705 Hudson, Richard (R)...... North Carolina (8)...... 429 Huelskamp, Tim (R)...... Kansas (1)...... 129 Huffman, Jared (D)...... California (2)...... 1630 Huizenga, Bill (R)...... Michigan (2)...... 1217 Hultgren, Randy (R)...... Illinois (14)...... 332 Hunter, Duncan (R)...... California (50)...... 223 Hurt, Robert (R)...... Virginia (5)...... 125 Israel, Steve (D)...... New York (3)...... 2457 Legislative Branch 39

Representatives, Delegates, and Resident Commissioners—Continued

[Republicans (233); Democrats (200); vacancies (2); total, 435 Members; 5 Delegates; 1 Resident Com- missioner]. Members who have died or resigned appear in bold brackets [ ]. Room numbers with three digits are in the Cannon House Office Building (New Jersey and IndependenceAvenues), four digits beginning with 1 are in the Longworth House Office Building (between South Capitol Street and New JerseyAvenue on Independence Avenue), and four digits beginning with 2 are in the Rayburn House Office Building (between First and South Capitol Streets on Independence Avenue). Members’ offices may be reached by phone at 202–225–3121. The most current listing of House Members can be found on the Internet at http://clerk. house.gov.

Name State (District) / Territory Room Issa, Darrell E. (R)...... California (49)...... 2347 Jackson Lee, Sheila (D)...... Texas (18)...... 2160 Jeffries, Hakeem S. (D)...... New York (8)...... 1339 Jenkins, Lynn (R)...... Kansas (2)...... 1027 Johnson, Bill (R)...... Ohio (6)...... 1710 Johnson, Eddie Bernice (D)...... Texas (30)...... 2468 Johnson, Hank (D)...... Georgia (4)...... 2240 Johnson, Sam (R)...... Texas (3)...... 1211 Jolly, David W. (R)...... Florida (13)...... 2407 Jones, Walter B. (R)...... North Carolina (3)...... 2333 Jordan, Jim (R)...... Ohio (4)...... 1524 Joyce, David P. (R)...... Ohio (14)...... 1535 Kaptur, Marcy (D)...... Ohio (9)...... 2186 Keating, William R. (D)...... Massachusetts (9)...... 315 Kelly, Mike (R)...... Pennsylvania (3)...... 1519 Kelly, Robin L. (D)...... Illinois (2)...... 2419 Kennedy, Joseph P., III (D)...... Massachusetts (4)...... 1218 Kildee, Daniel T. (D)...... Michigan (5)...... 327 Kilmer, Derek (D)...... Washington (6)...... 1429 Kind, Ron (D)...... Wisconsin (3)...... 1502 King, Peter T. (R)...... New York (2)...... 339 King, Steve (R)...... Iowa (4)...... 2210 Kingston, Jack (R)...... Georgia (1)...... 2372 Kinzinger, Adam (R)...... Illinois (16)...... 1221 Kirkpatrick, Ann (D)...... Arizona (1)...... 330 Kline, John (R)...... Minnesota (2)...... 2439 Kuster, Ann M. (D)...... New Hampshire (2)...... 137 Labrador, Raul R. (R)...... Idaho (1)...... 1523 LaMalfa, Doug (R)...... California (1)...... 506 Lamborn, Doug (R)...... Colorado (5)...... 2402 Lance, Leonard (R)...... New Jersey (7)...... 133 Langevin, James R. (D)...... Rhode Island (2)...... 109 Lankford, James (R)...... Oklahoma (5)...... 228 Larsen, Rick (D)...... Washington (2)...... 2113 Larson, John B. (D)...... Connecticut (1)...... 1501 Latham, Tom (R)...... Iowa (3)...... 2217 Latta, Robert E. (R)...... Ohio (5)...... 2448 Lee, Barbara (D)...... California (13)...... 2267 Levin, Sander M. (D)...... Michigan (9)...... 1236 Lewis, John (D)...... Georgia (5)...... 343 Lipinski, Daniel (D)...... Illinois (3)...... 1717 LoBiondo, Frank A. (R)...... New Jersey (2)...... 2427 Loebsack, David (D)...... Iowa (2)...... 1527 Lofgren, Zoe (D)...... California (19)...... 1401 Long, Billy (R)...... Missouri (7)...... 1541 Lowenthal, Alan S. (D)...... California (47)...... 515 Lowey, Nita M. (D)...... New York (17)...... 2365 Lucas, Frank D. (R)...... Oklahoma (3)...... 2311 Luetkemeyer, Blaine (R)...... Missouri (3)...... 2440 40 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Representatives, Delegates, and Resident Commissioners—Continued

[Republicans (233); Democrats (200); vacancies (2); total, 435 Members; 5 Delegates; 1 Resident Com- missioner]. Members who have died or resigned appear in bold brackets [ ]. Room numbers with three digits are in the Cannon House Office Building (New Jersey and IndependenceAvenues), four digits beginning with 1 are in the Longworth House Office Building (between South Capitol Street and New JerseyAvenue on Independence Avenue), and four digits beginning with 2 are in the Rayburn House Office Building (between First and South Capitol Streets on Independence Avenue). Members’ offices may be reached by phone at 202–225–3121. The most current listing of House Members can be found on the Internet at http://clerk. house.gov.

Name State (District) / Territory Room Luján, Ben Ray (D)...... New Mexico (3)...... 2446 Lujan Grisham, Michelle (D)...... New Mexico (1)...... 214 Lummis, Cynthia M. (R)...... Wyoming (At Large)...... 113 Lynch, Stephen F. (D)...... Massachusetts (8)...... 2133 Maffei, Daniel B. (D)...... New York (24)...... 422 Maloney, Carolyn B. (D)...... New York (12)...... 2308 Maloney, Sean Patrick (D)...... New York (18)...... 1529 Marchant, Kenny (R)...... Texas (24)...... 1110 Marino, Tom (R)...... Pennsylvania (10)...... 410 Massie, Thomas (R)...... Kentucky (4)...... 314 Matheson, Jim (D)...... Utah (4)...... 2211 Matsui, Doris O. (D)...... California (6)...... 2434 McAllister, Vance M. (R)...... Louisiana (5)...... 316 McCarthy, Carolyn (D)...... New York (4)...... 2346 McCarthy, Kevin (R)...... California (23)...... 2421 McCaul, Michael T. (R)...... Texas (10)...... 131 McClintock, Tom (R)...... California (4)...... 434 McCollum, Betty (D)...... Minnesota (4)...... 1714 McDermott, Jim (D)...... Washington (7)...... 1035 McGovern, James P. (D)...... Massachusetts (2)...... 438 McHenry, Patrick T. (R)...... North Carolina (10)...... 2334 McIntyre, Mike (D)...... North Carolina (7)...... 2428 McKeon, Buck (R)...... California (25)...... 2310 McKinley, David B. (R)...... West Virginia (1)...... 412 McMorris Rodgers, Cathy (R)...... Washington (5)...... 203 McNerney, Jerry (D)...... California (9)...... 1210 Meadows, Mark (R)...... North Carolina (11)...... 1516 Meehan, Patrick (R)...... Pennsylvania (7)...... 204 Meeks, Gregory W. (D)...... New York (5)...... 2234 Meng, Grace (D)...... New York (6)...... 1317 Messer, Luke (R)...... Indiana (6)...... 508 Mica, John L. (R)...... Florida (7)...... 2187 Michaud, Michael H. (D)...... Maine (2)...... 1724 Miller, Candice S. (R)...... Michigan (10)...... 320 Miller, Gary G. (R)...... California (31)...... 2467 Miller, George (D)...... California (11)...... 2205 Miller, Jeff (R)...... Florida (1)...... 336 Moore, Gwen (D)...... Wisconsin (4)...... 2245 Moran, James P. (D)...... Virginia (8)...... 2252 Mullin, Markwayne (R)...... Oklahoma (2)...... 1113 Mulvaney, Mick (R)...... South Carolina (5)...... 1207 Murphy, Patrick (D)...... Florida (18)...... 1517 Murphy, Tim (R)...... Pennsylvania (18)...... 2332 Nadler, Jerrold (D)...... New York (10)...... 2110 Napolitano, Grace F. (D)...... California (32)...... 1610 Neal, Richard E. (D)...... Massachusetts (1)...... 2208 Negrete McLeod, Gloria (D)...... California (35)...... 1641 Neugebauer, Randy (R)...... Texas (19)...... 1424 Noem, Kristi L. (R)...... South Dakota (At Large)...... 1323 Legislative Branch 41

Representatives, Delegates, and Resident Commissioners—Continued

[Republicans (233); Democrats (200); vacancies (2); total, 435 Members; 5 Delegates; 1 Resident Com- missioner]. Members who have died or resigned appear in bold brackets [ ]. Room numbers with three digits are in the Cannon House Office Building (New Jersey and IndependenceAvenues), four digits beginning with 1 are in the Longworth House Office Building (between South Capitol Street and New JerseyAvenue on Independence Avenue), and four digits beginning with 2 are in the Rayburn House Office Building (between First and South Capitol Streets on Independence Avenue). Members’ offices may be reached by phone at 202–225–3121. The most current listing of House Members can be found on the Internet at http://clerk. house.gov.

Name State (District) / Territory Room Nolan, Richard M. (D)...... Minnesota (8)...... 2447 Norton, Eleanor Holmes (D)...... District of Columbia (Delegate)...... 2136 Nugent, Richard B. (R)...... Florida (11)...... 1727 Nunes, Devin (R)...... California (22)...... 1013 Nunnelee, Alan (R)...... Mississippi (1)...... 1427 Olson, Pete (R)...... Texas (22)...... 312 O’Rourke, Beto (D)...... Texas (16)...... 1721 Owens, William L. (D)...... New York (21)...... 405 Palazzo, Steven M. (R)...... Mississippi (4)...... 331 Pallone, Frank, Jr. (D)...... New Jersey (6)...... 237 Pascrell, Bill, Jr. (D)...... New Jersey (9)...... 2370 Pastor, Ed (D)...... Arizona (7)...... 2465 Paulsen, Erik (R)...... Minnesota (3)...... 127 Payne, Donald M., Jr. (D)...... New Jersey (10)...... 103 Pearce, Stevan (R)...... New Mexico (2)...... 2432 Pelosi, Nancy (D)...... California (12)...... 235 Perlmutter, Ed (D)...... Colorado (7)...... 1410 Perry, Scott (R)...... Pennsylvania (4)...... 126 Peters, Gary C. (D)...... Michigan (14)...... 1609 Peters, Scott H. (D)...... California (52)...... 2410 Peterson, Collin C. (D)...... Minnesota (7)...... 2109 Petri, Thomas E. (R)...... Wisconsin (6)...... 2462 Pierluisi, Pedro R. (D)...... Puerto Rico (Resident Commissioner)..... 1213 Pingree, Chellie (D)...... Maine (1)...... 1318 Pittenger, Robert (R)...... North Carolina (9)...... 224 Pitts, Joseph R. (R)...... Pennsylvania (16)...... 420 Pocan, Mark (D)...... Wisconsin (2)...... 313 Poe, Ted (R)...... Texas (2)...... 2412 Polis, Jared (D)...... Colorado (2)...... 1433 Pompeo, Mike (R)...... Kansas (4)...... 107 Posey, Bill (R)...... Florida (8)...... 120 Price, David E. (D)...... North Carolina (4)...... 2162 Price, Tom (R)...... Georgia (6)...... 100 Quigley, Mike (D)...... Illinois (5)...... 1124 Rahall, Nick J., II (D)...... West Virginia (3)...... 2307 Rangel, Charles B. (D)...... New York (13)...... 2354 Reed, Tom (R)...... New York (23)...... 1504 Reichert, David G. (R)...... Washington (8)...... 1127 Renacci, James B. (R)...... Ohio (16)...... 130 Ribble, Reid J. (R)...... Wisconsin (8)...... 1513 Rice, Tom (R)...... South Carolina (7)...... 325 Richmond, Cedric L. (D)...... Louisiana (2)...... 240 Rigell, E. Scott (R)...... Virginia (2)...... 418 Roby, Martha (R)...... Alabama (2)...... 428 Roe, David P. (R)...... Tennessee (1)...... 407 Rogers, Harold (R)...... Kentucky (5)...... 2406 Rogers, Mike (R)...... Alabama (3)...... 324 Rogers, Mike (R)...... Michigan (8)...... 2112 Rohrabacher, Dana (R)...... California (48)...... 2300 42 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Representatives, Delegates, and Resident Commissioners—Continued

[Republicans (233); Democrats (200); vacancies (2); total, 435 Members; 5 Delegates; 1 Resident Com- missioner]. Members who have died or resigned appear in bold brackets [ ]. Room numbers with three digits are in the Cannon House Office Building (New Jersey and IndependenceAvenues), four digits beginning with 1 are in the Longworth House Office Building (between South Capitol Street and New JerseyAvenue on Independence Avenue), and four digits beginning with 2 are in the Rayburn House Office Building (between First and South Capitol Streets on Independence Avenue). Members’ offices may be reached by phone at 202–225–3121. The most current listing of House Members can be found on the Internet at http://clerk. house.gov.

Name State (District) / Territory Room Rokita, Todd (R)...... Indiana (4)...... 236 Rooney, Thomas J. (R)...... Florida (17)...... 221 Roskam, Peter J. (R)...... Illinois (6)...... 227 Ros-Lehtinen, Ileana (R)...... Florida (27)...... 2206 Ross, Dennis A. (R)...... Florida (15)...... 229 Rothfus, Keith J. (R)...... Pennsylvania (12)...... 503 Roybal-Allard, Lucille (D)...... California (40)...... 2330 Royce, Edward R. (R)...... California (39)...... 2185 Ruiz, Raul (D)...... California (36)...... 1319 Runyan, Jon (R)...... New Jersey (3)...... 1239 Ruppersberger, C. A. Dutch (D)...... Maryland (2)...... 2416 Rush, Bobby L. (D)...... Illinois (1)...... 2268 Ryan, Paul (R)...... Wisconsin (1)...... 1233 Ryan, Tim (D)...... Ohio (13)...... 1421 Sablan, Gregorio Kilili Camacho (D)..... Northern Mariana Islands (Delegate)...... 423 Salmon, Matt (R)...... Arizona (5)...... 2349 Sánchez, Linda T. (D)...... California (38)...... 2423 Sanchez, Loretta (D)...... California (46)...... 1114 Sanford, Mark (R)...... South Carolina (1)...... 322 Sarbanes, John P. (D)...... Maryland (3)...... 2444 Scalise, Steve (R)...... Louisiana (1)...... 2338 Schakowsky, Janice D. (D)...... Illinois (9)...... 2367 Schiff, Adam B. (D)...... California (28)...... 2411 Schneider, Bradley S. (D)...... Illinois (10)...... 317 Schock, Aaron (R)...... Illinois (18)...... 328 Schrader, Kurt (D)...... Oregon (5)...... 108 Schwartz, Allyson Y. (D)...... Pennsylvania (13)...... 1227 Schweikert, David (R)...... Arizona (6)...... 1205 Scott, Austin (R)...... Georgia (8)...... 516 Scott, Bobby (D)...... Virginia (3)...... 1201 Scott, David (D)...... Georgia (13)...... 225 Sensenbrenner, F. James, Jr. (R)...... Wisconsin (5)...... 2449 Serrano, Jose E. (D)...... New York (15)...... 2227 Sessions, Pete (R)...... Texas (32)...... 2233 Sewell, Terri A. (D)...... Alabama (7)...... 1133 Shea-Porter, Carol (D)...... New Hampshire (1)...... 1530 Sherman, Brad (D)...... California (30)...... 2242 Shimkus, John (R)...... Illinois (15)...... 2452 Shuster, Bill (R)...... Pennsylvania (9)...... 2209 Simpson, Michael K. (R)...... Idaho (2)...... 2312 Sinema, Kyrsten (D)...... Arizona (9)...... 1237 Sires, Albio (D)...... New Jersey (8)...... 2342 Slaughter, Louise McIntosh (D)...... New York (25)...... 2469 Smith, Adam (D)...... Washington (9)...... 2264 Smith, Adrian (R)...... Nebraska (3)...... 2241 Smith, Christopher H. (R)...... New Jersey (4)...... 2373 Smith, Jason T. (R)...... Missouri (8)...... 2230 Smith, Lamar (R)...... Texas (21)...... 2409 Southerland, Steve, II (R)...... Florida (2)...... 1229 Legislative Branch 43

Representatives, Delegates, and Resident Commissioners—Continued

[Republicans (233); Democrats (200); vacancies (2); total, 435 Members; 5 Delegates; 1 Resident Com- missioner]. Members who have died or resigned appear in bold brackets [ ]. Room numbers with three digits are in the Cannon House Office Building (New Jersey and IndependenceAvenues), four digits beginning with 1 are in the Longworth House Office Building (between South Capitol Street and New JerseyAvenue on Independence Avenue), and four digits beginning with 2 are in the Rayburn House Office Building (between First and South Capitol Streets on Independence Avenue). Members’ offices may be reached by phone at 202–225–3121. The most current listing of House Members can be found on the Internet at http://clerk. house.gov.

Name State (District) / Territory Room Speier, Jackie (D)...... California (14)...... 211 Stewart, Chris (R)...... Utah (2)...... 323 Stivers, Steve (R)...... Ohio (15)...... 1022 Stockman, Steve (R)...... Texas (36)...... 326 Stutzman, Marlin A. (R)...... Indiana (3)...... 1728 Swalwell, Eric (D)...... California (15)...... 501 Takano, Mark (D)...... California (41)...... 1507 Terry, Lee (R)...... Nebraska (2)...... 2266 Thompson, Bennie G. (D)...... Mississippi (2)...... 2466 Thompson, Glenn (R)...... Pennsylvania (5)...... 124 Thompson, Mike (D)...... California (5)...... 231 Thornberry, Mac (R)...... Texas (13)...... 2329 Tiberi, Patrick J. (R)...... Ohio (12)...... 106 Tierney, John F. (D)...... Massachusetts (6)...... 2238 Tipton, Scott R. (R)...... Colorado (3)...... 218 Titus, Dina (D)...... Nevada (1)...... 401 Tonko, Paul (D)...... New York (20)...... 2463 Tsongas, Niki (D)...... Massachusetts (3)...... 1607 Turner, Michael R. (R)...... Ohio (10)...... 2239 Upton, Fred (R)...... Michigan (6)...... 2183 Valadao, David G. (R)...... California (21)...... 1004 Van Hollen, Chris (D)...... Maryland (8)...... 1707 Vargas, Juan (D)...... California (51)...... 1605 Veasey, Marc A. (D)...... Texas (33)...... 414 Vela, Filemon (D)...... Texas (34)...... 437 Velázquez, Nydia M. (D)...... New York (7)...... 2302 Visclosky, Peter J. (D)...... Indiana (1)...... 2256 Wagner, Ann (R)...... Missouri (2)...... 435 Walberg, Tim (R)...... Michigan (7)...... 2436 Walden, Greg (R)...... Oregon (2)...... 2182 Walorski, Jackie (R)...... Indiana (2)...... 419 Walz, Timothy J. (D)...... Minnesota (1)...... 1034 Wasserman Schultz, Debbie (D)...... Florida (23)...... 118 Waters, Maxine (D)...... California (43)...... 2221 [Watt, Melvin L.] (D)...... North Carolina (12)...... 2304 Waxman, Henry A. (D)...... California (33)...... 2204 Weber, Randy K., Sr. (R)...... Texas (14)...... 510 Webster, Daniel (R)...... Florida (10)...... 1039 Welch, Peter (D)...... Vermont (At Large)...... 2303 Wenstrup, Brad R. (R)...... Ohio (2)...... 1223 Westmoreland, Lynn A. (R)...... Georgia (3)...... 2433 Whitfield, Ed (R)...... Kentucky (1)...... 2184 Williams, Roger (R)...... Texas (25)...... 1122 Wilson, Frederica S. (D)...... Florida (24)...... 208 Wilson, Joe (R)...... South Carolina (2)...... 2229 Wittman, Robert J. (R)...... Virginia (1)...... 2454 Wolf, Frank R. (R)...... Virginia (10)...... 233 Womack, Steve (R)...... Arkansas (3)...... 1119 Woodall, Rob (R)...... Georgia (7)...... 1725 44 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Representatives, Delegates, and Resident Commissioners—Continued

[Republicans (233); Democrats (200); vacancies (2); total, 435 Members; 5 Delegates; 1 Resident Com- missioner]. Members who have died or resigned appear in bold brackets [ ]. Room numbers with three digits are in the Cannon House Office Building (New Jersey and IndependenceAvenues), four digits beginning with 1 are in the Longworth House Office Building (between South Capitol Street and New JerseyAvenue on Independence Avenue), and four digits beginning with 2 are in the Rayburn House Office Building (between First and South Capitol Streets on Independence Avenue). Members’ offices may be reached by phone at 202–225–3121. The most current listing of House Members can be found on the Internet at http://clerk. house.gov.

Name State (District) / Territory Room Yarmuth, John A. (D)...... Kentucky (3)...... 403 Yoder, Kevin (R)...... Kansas (3)...... 215 Yoho, Ted S. (R)...... Florida (3)...... 511 Young, Don (R)...... Alaska (At Large)...... 2314 Young, Todd C. (R)...... Indiana (9)...... 1007

Sources of Information House of Representatives, and the House Electronic Access Specific information Rules and Manual may be obtained and legislation can be found on the from the Superintendent of Documents, Internet at http://thomas.loc.gov or http:// Government Printing Office, Washington, clerk.house.gov. DC 20402. Internet, http://www.gpo.gov/ Publications The Congressional fdsys/browse/collectiontab.action. Directory, telephone directories for the For further information, contact the Clerk, The Capitol, Washington, DC 20515. Phone, 202–225–7000. Internet, http://clerk.house.gov.

ARCHITECT OF THE CAPITOL U.S. Capitol Building, Washington, DC 20515 Phone, 202–228–1793. Internet, http://www.aoc.gov.

Architect of the Capitol Stephen T. Ayers Chief Operating Officer Christine A. Merdon Assistant Architect of the Capitol Michael G. Turnbull General Counsel Jason Baltimore Inspector General Kevin Mulshine Chief Administrative Officer David Ferguson Chief Executive Officer, Visitor Services Beth Plemmons Chief Financial Officer Thomas Carroll Director, Communications and Congressional Mike Culver Relations Director, Planning and Project Management Anna Franz Director, Safety, Fire and Environmental Susan Adams Programs Director, Security Programs Kenneth Eads Director, U.S. Botanic Garden Ari Novy, Acting Director, Utilities and Power Plant Operations Christopher Potter Facility Manager, Supreme Court Buildings and Trent Wolfersberger Grounds Superintendent, Capitol Building Carlos Elias Superintendent, Capitol Grounds Ted Bechtol Superintendent, House Office Buildings William Weidemeyer Legislative Branch 45

Superintendent, Library Buildings and Grounds Larry Brown Superintendent, Senate Office Buildings Takis Tzamaras

The Architect of the Capitol maintains the U.S. Capitol and the buildings and grounds of the Capitol complex.

In addition to the Capitol, the Architect The position of Architect of the Capitol is responsible for the upkeep of all of was historically filled by Presidential the congressional office buildings, the appointment for an indefinite term. Library of Congress buildings, the U.S. Legislation enacted in 1989 provides that Supreme Court building, the Thurgood the Architect is to be appointed for a term Marshall Federal Judiciary Building, the of 10 years by the President, with the Capitol Power Plant, the Capitol Police advice and consent of the Senate, from headquarters, and the Robert A. Taft a list of three candidates recommended Memorial. The Architect performs his by a congressional commission. Upon duties in connection with the Senate confirmation by the Senate, the Architect side of the Capitol and the Senate office becomes an official of the legislative buildings subject to the approval of branch as an officer of Congress. He the Senate Committee on Rules and is eligible for reappointment after Administration. In matters of general completion of his term. policy in connection with the House Projects carried out by the Architect of office buildings, his activities are subject the Capitol include operating the Capitol to the approval and direction of the Visitor Center; conservation of murals, House Office Building Commission. statuary, and decorative paintings in the The Architect is under the direction of Capitol; improvement of life-safety and the Speaker in matters concerning the fire-protection systems in the Capitol House side of the Capitol. He is subject and congressional office buildings; to the oversight of the Committee on security and accessibility improvements House Administration with respect to within the Capitol complex; renovation, many administrative matters affecting restoration, and modification of the operations on the House side of the interiors and exteriors of the Thomas Capitol complex. In addition, the Jefferson and John Adams Buildings Architect of the Capitol serves as the of the Library of Congress; and facility Acting Director of the U.S. Botanic management of the Thurgood Marshall Garden under the Joint Committee on the Federal Judiciary Building. Library. For further information, contact the Office of the Architect of the Capitol, U.S. Capitol Building, Washington, DC 20515. Phone, 202–228–1793. Internet, http://www.aoc.gov.

UNITED STATES BOTANIC GARDEN Office of Executive Director, 245 First Street SW., Washington, DC 20024 Phone, 202–225–6670. Internet, http://www.usbg.gov. Conservatory, 100 Maryland Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20001 Phone, 202–226–8333. Production Facility, 4700 Shepherd Parkway SW., Washington, DC 20032 Phone, 202–226–4780.

Director (Architect of the Capitol) Stephen T. Ayers, Acting Executive Director Holly H. Shimizu 46 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

The United States Botanic Garden informs visitors about the importance and value of plants to the well-being of humankind and earth’s ecosystems.

The United States Botanic Garden the Conservatory. Each of the displays (USBG) is one of the oldest botanic is sized and scaled for suitability in an gardens in North America. The Garden urban or suburban setting. The gardens highlights the diversity of plants display ornamental plants that perform worldwide, as well as their aesthetic, well in this region arrayed in a variety of cultural, economic, therapeutic, and styles and themes. Also located in this ecological significance. The USBG park is Bartholdi Fountain, created by encourages plant appreciation and Frederic Auguste Bartholdi (1834–1904), the growth of botanical knowledge sculptor of the Statue of Liberty. After through artistic plant displays, exhibits, undergoing extensive restoration and educational programs, and curation of a modifications to save both energy and large collection of plants. It fosters plant water, Bartholdi Fountain was re-installed conservation by serving as a repository in 2010. for endangered species. Uniquely situated The USBG’s staff is organized into at the heart of the U.S. Government, the horticulture, operations, administration, Garden seeks to promote the exchange and public programs divisions. Programs of ideas and information relevant to its for the public are listed in a quarterly mission among national and international calendar of events and also on the visitors and policymakers. Garden’s Web site. A horticultural hotline The Garden’s collections include and email address are available to answer orchids, epiphytes, bromeliads, questions from the public. carnivorous plants, ferns, cycads, cacti, The USBG was founded in 1820 under succulents, medicinal plants, rare and the auspices of the Columbian Institute endangered plants, and plants valued for the Promotion of Arts and Sciences, as sources of food, beverages, fibers, an organization that was the outgrowth of cosmetics, and industrial products. an association known as the Metropolitan The USBG’s facilities include the Society, which received its charter from Conservatory, the National Garden, Congress on April 20, 1818. The Garden Bartholdi Park, an administration continued under the direction of the building, and an off-site production Institute until 1837, when the Institute facility. The Conservatory, one of the ceased to exist as an active organization. largest structures of its kind in this In June 1842, the U.S. Exploring country, reopened on December 11, Expedition under the command of 2001, after undergoing major renovation Captain Charles Wilkes returned from that required more than 4 years to its 4-year voyage with a wealth of complete. In addition to upgraded information, artifacts, pressed-plant amenities for visitors, it features 12 specimens, and living plants from exhibit and plant display areas. around the world. The living plants were The National Garden opened on temporarily placed on exhibit on a lot October 1, 2006. Located on three behind the old Patent Office under the acres adjacent to the west side of the care of William D. Brackenridge, the Conservatory, the National Garden Expedition’s botanist. By November comprises a First Ladies Water Garden, 1842, the plants were moved into a Butterfly Garden, a Rose Garden a greenhouse built there with funds celebrating our national flower, a Lawn appropriated by Congress. Subsequently, Terrace, a Regional Garden of native the greenhouse was expanded with two Mid-Atlantic plants, and an amphitheater additions and a small growing area to where visitors may relax and enjoy the care for the burgeoning collection. In stunning views of the U.S. Capitol. 1843, stewardship of the collection was Outdoor plantings are also showcased placed under the direction and control in Bartholdi Park, a home-landscape of the Joint Committee on the Library, demonstration area located across from which had also assumed responsibility Legislative Branch 47 for publication of the results of the maintenance and stewardship of the plant Expedition. Expansion of the Patent collection in 1842, the two functions Office in 1849 necessitated finding a new were divided between the Commissioner location for the botanical collections. of Public Buildings and the Joint The act of May 15, 1850 (9 Stat. Committee on the Library, respectively. 427), provided for the relocation of the In 1856, in recognition of their Botanic Garden under the direction of increasing stature, the collections and the Joint Committee on the Library. The their associated operations and facilities site selected was on the National Mall were officially named the United States at the west end of the Capitol Grounds, Botanic Garden, and the Joint Committee practically the same site the Garden on the Library assumed jurisdiction over occupied during the period it functioned both its direction and maintenance (11 under the Columbian Institute. This Stat. 104). An annual appropriation has site was later enlarged, and the main been provided by Congress since 1856. area continued to serve as the principal Presently, the Joint Committee on the Garden site from 1850 to 1933, when the Library has supervision over the USBG Garden was relocated to its present site. through the Architect of the Capitol, who Although the Government had has held the title of Acting Director since assumed responsibility for the 1934. For further information concerning the United States Botanic Garden, contact the Public Program Division, 245 First Street SW., Washington, DC 20024. Phone, 202–225–8333. Plant Hotline, 202–226–4785. Email, [email protected]. Internet, http://www.usbg.gov. 48 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL EDITORIAL NOTE: The Government Accountability Office did not meet the publication deadline for submitting updated information of its activities, functions, and sources of information as required by the automatic disclosure provisions of the Freedom of Information Act (5 U.S.C. 552(a)(1)(A)).

GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE 441 G Street NW., Washington, DC 20548 Phone, 202–512–3000. Internet, http://www.gao.gov.

Comptroller General of the United States Gene L. Dodaro Chief Operating Officer Patricia Dalton Chief Administrative Officer/Chief Financial Karl Maschino Officer Deputy Chief Administrative Officer Cheryl Whitaker General Counsel Susan Poling Inspector General Adam Trzeciak Chief Human Capital Officer Carolyn Taylor Chief Information Officer Howard Williams Financial Management and Business William Anderson Operations Chief Quality Officer, Audit Policy and Quality Timothy P. Bowling Assurance Managing Director, Acquisition and Sourcing Paul L. Francis Management Managing Director, Applied Research and Nancy Kingsbury Methods Managing Director, Continuous Process Thomas Williams Improvement Office Managing Director, Defense Capabilities and Cathleen Berrick Management Managing Director, Congressional Relations Katherine Siggerud Managing Director, Education, Workforce, and Barbara D. Bovbjerg Income Security Managing Director, Field Offices Denise Hunter Managing Director, Financial Management and Steve Sebastian Assurance Managing Director, Forensic Audits and Stephen Lord Investigative Service Managing Director, Financial Markets and Orice Williams Brown Community Investments Managing Director, Health Care Cynthia A. Bascetta Managing Director, Homeland Security and George Scott Justice Managing Director, International Affairs and Loren Yager Trade Managing Director, Information Technology Joel Willemssen Managing Director, Infrastructure Operations Terrell Dorn Managing Director, Natural Resources and Mark Gaffigan Environment Managing Director, Opportunity and Reginald E. Jones Inclusiveness Managing Director, Physical Infrastructure Phil Herr Legislative Branch 49 TEMS S GEMENT Y S AM TIONS A VICES MANA BUSINESS TION TECHNOLOGY SER PROGR OPER * DEVELOPMENT AND PROFESSIONAL TIVE AND A INFORMA OFFICER FINANCIAL TR TEGIC CHIEF CHIEF A / OFFICER Y TIVE ISSUES TR T A S TR ADMINIS DEPU OFFICER AL AL FINANCIAL CHIEF SIC TIONS ADMINIS TRUCTURE A APIT TIONS AS C PHY A TRUCTURE OR AL OPER AS INFR AND OPER HUMAN AL INFR FIELD GENER INSPECT TUR NA ENVIRONMENT RESOURCES TION AND Y INFORMA TECHNOLOGY TUNIT ADE TIONAL AIRS TR INCLUSIVENESS OPPOR AFF OFFICE AND INTERNA Y Y TICE AND * JUS AL VEMENT SECURIT HOMEL AND ABILIT PROCESS CONTINUOUS IMPRO TING * GENER A TH ARE C OPER HEAL OFFICER Y CCOUNT CHIEF AND A ALIT ANCE POLICY TIVE QU A UDITS A VICES COMPTROLLER TIG UDIT ASSUR TIONSHIP AND A A SER REL INVES Y FORENSIC TING MARKETS TMENT REPOR COMMUNIT VERNMENT INVES TIONS A AND DIRECT FINANCIAL A REL ANCE GO CONGRESSIONAL THAN GEMENT ASSUR FINANCIAL THER A MANA Y R AND AND TION, A SECURIT TE TE TE TIONS A TEAMS/UNITS LIAISON ANNING EDUC ORKFORCE VICES 2 PL THE W INCOME OPER AL ASSOCIA ASSOCIA ASSOCIA COUNSEL COUNSEL COUNSEL AND SER WITH GO AL AL AL AND AL – TEGIC GING GING GING GEMENT EXTERNAL A LEG W TE A TR DEFENSE – ABILITIES GENER GENER GENER L S AND TIONSHIP MANA MANA MANA * MANA AP A MISSION C – AL REL ASSOCIA COUNSEL Y AL GENER GING METHODS VISOR COUNSEL APPLIED TE TE AD RESEARCH PROCUREMENT GENER AL AND – OR AIRS MANA T 1 3 PUBLIC AFF AL AL ASSOCIA ASSOCIA COUNSEL COUNSEL GENER COMMITTEE COUNSELOR Y GO GO GEMENT AL AL SUPPOR T – – SOURCING TIVE A COUNSEL GING GING CQUISITION A TES MANA DEPU AND ETHICS A GENER GENER EXECU – MANA MANA TEAMS INDIC THE * 50 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Managing Director, Professional Development Denise Hunter Program Managing Director, Public Affairs Charles Young Managing Director, Strategic Issues J. Christopher Mihm Managing Director, Strategic Planning and Helen Hsing External Liaison

As the investigative arm of the Congress, the Government Accountability Office examines all matters relating to the receipt and disbursement of public funds.

The Government Accountability Office provides them with information that (GAO) is an independent, nonpartisan is accurate, timely, and balanced. The Agency that works for Congress. GAO Office supports congressional oversight is often called the “congressional by evaluating how well Government watchdog” because it investigates how policies and programs are working; the Federal Government spends taxpayer auditing Agency operations to determine dollars. The GAO was established as the whether Federal funds are being spent General Accounting Office by the Budget efficiently, effectively, and appropriately; Accounting Act of 1921 (31 U.S.C. investigating allegation of illegal and 702). It was renamed the Government improper activities; and issuing legal Accountability Office pursuant to the decisions and opinions. GAO Capital Reform Act of 2004 (31 With virtually the entire Federal U.S.C. 702 note). Government subject to its review, GAO issues a steady stream of products, Activities including hundreds of reports and GAO gathers information to help testimonies by GAO officials each year. Congress determine how effectively GAO’s familiar “blue book” reports executive branch agencies are doing meet short-term immediate needs their jobs. GAO’s work routinely for information on a wide range of answers such basic questions as whether Government operations. These reports Government programs are meeting their also help Congress better understand objectives or providing good service to issues that are newly emerging, long term the public. Ultimately, GAO ensures in nature, and with more far-reaching that Government is accountable to the impacts. GAO’s work translates into American people. a wide variety of legislative actions, To help Senators and Representatives improvements in Government operations, arrive at informed policy decisions, GAO and billions of dollars in financial benefits for the American people. For further information, contact the Office of Public Affairs, Government Accountability Office, 441 G Street NW., Washington, DC 20548. Phone, 202–512–4800. Internet, http://www.gao.gov.

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 732 North Capitol Street NW., Washington, DC 20401 Phone, 202–512–1800. Internet, http://www.gpo.gov.

Public Printer of the United States Davita Vance-Cooks Deputy Public Printer James C. Bradley Chief of Staff Andrew M. Sherman Superintendent of Documents Mary Alice Baish Inspector General Michael A. Raponi Manager, Public Relations Gary Somerset General Counsel Drew Spalding Legislative Branch 51

Chief Administrative Officer Herbert H. Jackson Chief Financial Officer Steven T. Shedd Chief Human Capital Officer Ginger Thomas Chief Information Officer Chuck Riddle Chief Technology Officer, Programs, Strategy Richard G. Davis and Technology Director, Acquisitions Services Damon McClure Director, Equal Employment Opportunity Juanita Flores Director, Labor Relations Melissa Hatfield Director, Security Services Lamont Vernon Managing Director, Customer Services Bruce Seger Managing Director, Library Services and Jane Sanchez Content Management Managing Director, Official Journals of Lyle Green Government Managing Director, Plant Operations John Crawford Managing Director, Security and Intelligent Stephen G. LeBlanc Documents

The Government Printing Office produces, procures, and disseminates printed and electronic publications of the Congress, executive departments, and Federal agencies and establishments.

The Government Printing Office (GPO) percent of all printing orders through was created on June 23, 1860, by private sector vendors across the country, Congressional Joint Resolution 25. It competitively buying products and opened for business on March 4, 1861. services from thousands of private sector GPO’s duties are defined in title 44 of the companies in all 50 States. The contracts U.S. Code. The Public Printer, who serves cover the entire spectrum of printing and as the head of GPO, is appointed by the publishing services and are available to President and confirmed by the Senate. fit almost any firm from the largest to the smallest. Activities GPO disseminates Federal information Headquartered in Washington, DC, with products through a sales program, a total employment of approximately distribution network of more than 1,200 1,900, GPO is responsible for the Federal libraries nationwide, and via production and distribution of GPO’s Federal Digital System (FDsys). information products and services More than 800,000 Federal Government for all three branches of the Federal document titles are available to the Government. GPO is the Federal public at www.fdsys.gov. Government’s primary centralized Printed copies of many documents, resource for producing, procuring, ranging from Supreme Court opinions cataloging, indexing, authenticating, to reports from the Bureau of Labor disseminating, and preserving the Statistics, may also be purchased as official information products of the U.S. follows: Government in digital and tangible forms. To order in person, please visit the While many of our Nation’s most GPO Main Bookstore at 710 North important products, such as the Capitol Street NW., Washington, DC, “Congressional Record” and “Federal (corner of North Capitol and H Streets) Register,” are produced at GPO’s main from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m., eastern standard plant, the majority of the Government’s time. To order online, visit the GPO printing needs are met through a Online Bookstore at bookstore.gpo. longstanding partnership with America’s gov. To order by phone or inquire about printing industry. GPO procures 75 an order, call 866–512–1800 or, in the Washington, DC, metro area, call 52 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL OFFICER

CHIEF FINANCE NANCIAL OFFICER Steven T. Shedd Steven T. FINANCIAL CHIEF FI

LABOR LEGAL GENERAL COUNSEL RELATIONS Drew Spalding Drew Melissa Hatfield LABOR RELATIONS GENE RAL CO UNSEL AND AND SALES GEMENT

MANAGEMENT SERVICES GENERAL DOCUMENTS INSPECTOR Jane Sánchez Michael A. Raponi Michael PUBLIC ACCESS Mary Alice Baish OF DOCUMENTS OF SUPERINTENDENT SUPERINTENDENT SUPERINTENDENT INSPECTOR GENERAL INSPECTOR PUBLICATIONS INFORMATION LIBRARY SERVICES AND CONTENT MANA LIBRARY CONTENT AND DOCUMENTS

PRINTER PRINTER JOURNALS PLANT DEPUTY Bruce Seger SERVICES Jim Bradley MARKETING Lyle L. Green Lyle GOVERNMENT CUSTOMER John Crawford OPERATIONS SECURITY OF GOVERNMENT PUBLIC PUBLIC PRINTER OF GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PLANT OPERATIONS PUBLIC Davita E. Vance-Cooks OFFICIAL JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICES OFFICIAL DEPUTY PUBLIC PRINTER INTELLIGENT AND OFFICER

CHIEF EMPLOYMENT HUMAN OFFICER CAPITAL SYSTEMS SECURITY SERVICES Ginger Thomas AND SYSTEMS Damon McClure INFORMATION OPPORTUNITY ACQUISITIONS ACQUISITIONS STRATION ADMINI Juanita M. Flores OPPORTUNITY LaMont R. Vernon HUMAN CAPITAL Charles E. Riddle, Jr. TECHNOLOGY Herbert H. Jackson, Jr. Herbert H. Jackson, SECURITY SERVICES EQUAL EMPLOYMENTEQUAL EQUAL STRATIVE STRATIVE ADMINI CHIEF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ADMINISTRATIVE IONAL STRATEGY

STAFF CHIEF (Acting) PUBLIC STRATEGY TECHNOLOGY OF RELATIONS RELATIONS RELATIONS Gary Somerset Richard G. Davis Richard CHIEF OF STAFF CONGRESS Andrew M. Sherman Andrew Andrew M. Sherman Andrew AND TECHNOLOGY PUBLIC RELATIONS CONGRESSIONAL AND PROGRAMS, STRATEGY PROGRAMS, STRATEGY PROGRAMS, Legislative Branch 53 202–512–1800 from 8 a.m. to 5:30 p.m., Public Relations Phone, 202–512– eastern standard time. To order by fax, 1957. Fax, 202–512–1998. dial 202–512–2104. To order by email, Contracts Commercial printers send inquiries to [email protected]. interested in contract opportunities To order by mail, write to Superintendent should contact Customer Services, of Documents, P.O. Box 979050, St. Government Printing Office, Washington, Louis, MO 63197–9000. All orders DC 20401. Phone, 202–512–0526. require prepayment by VISA, MasterCard, Internet, http://www.gpo.gov/customers/ American Express, or Discover/NOVUS print.htm. credit cards, check, or SOD deposit FDsys User Support Phone, 866– account. 512–1800. In the Washington, DC, metropolitan area, call 202–512–1800. Sources of Information Regional Offices A complete list of Congressional Relations Phone, GPO’s regional offices is available on the 202–512–1991. Fax, 202–512–1293. Agency’s Web site. Internet, http://www. gpo.gov/customers/offices.htm. For further information, contact Public Relations, Government Printing Office, 732 North Capitol Street NW., Washington, DC 20401. Phone, 202–512–1957. Fax, 202–512–1998. Internet, http://www.gpo.gov.

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 101 Independence Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20540 Phone, 202–707–5000. Internet, http://www.loc.gov.

Librarian of Congress James H. Billington Deputy Librarian Robert Dizard, Jr. Chief, Support Operations Lucy D. Suddreth Associate Librarian for Library Services Roberta I. Shaffer Associate Librarian for Human Resources Dennis Hanratty Services Register of Copyrights Maria A. Pallante Law Librarian David Mao General Counsel Elizabeth Pugh Inspector General Kurt W. Hyde, Acting Library of Congress Trust Fund Board Chairman (Librarian of Congress) James H. Billington (Secretary of the Treasury) Jacob J. Lew (Chairman, Joint Committee on the Library) Gregg Harper (Vice Chairman, Joint Committee on the Charles E. Schumer Library) Members Kathleen L. Casey, J. Richard Fredericks, Thomas Girardi, Barbara Guggenheim, Joan W. Harris, James V. Kimsey, Christopher G. Long, Sally Sussman, Elaine Wynn, (vacancy)

The Library of Congress is the national library of the United States, offering diverse materials for research including the world’s most extensive collections in many areas such as American history, music, and law.

The Library of Congress was established appropriating $5,000 “for the purchase by Act of April 24, 1800 (2 Stat. 56), of such books as may be necessary for 54 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL the use of Congress . . . .” The Library’s Reference Resources Admission to the scope of responsibility has been widened various research facilities of the Library by subsequent legislation (2 U.S.C. is free. No introduction or credentials 131–168d). The Librarian, appointed by are required for persons over high school the President with the advice and consent age. Readers must register by presenting of the Senate, directs the Library. valid photo identification with a current The Library’s first responsibility is address, and for certain collections service to Congress. As the Library there are additional requirements. While has developed, its range of service priority is given to inquiries pertaining has expanded to include the entire to its holdings of special materials or governmental establishment and the to subjects in which its resources are public at large, making it a national unique, the Library does attempt to library for the United States and a global provide helpful responses to all inquirers. resource through its Web site at www. Online reference service is also available loc.gov. through the “Ask a Librarian” site, at www.loc.gov/rr/askalib. Activities Copyrights With the enactment of Collections The Library’s extensive the second general revision of the U.S. collections are universal in scope. They copyright law by Act of July 8, 1870 include books, serials, and pamphlets (16 Stat. 212–217), all activities relating on every subject and in a multitude of to copyright, including deposit and languages and research materials in many registration, were centralized in the formats, including maps, photographs, Library of Congress. The Copyright Act of manuscripts, motion pictures, and sound 1976 (90 Stat. 2541) brought all forms of recordings. Among them are the most copyrightable authorship, both published comprehensive collections of Chinese, and unpublished, under a single statutory Japanese, and Russian language books system which gives authors protection outside Asia and the former Soviet Union; immediately upon creation of their volumes relating to science and legal works. Exclusive rights granted to authors materials outstanding for American and under the statute include the right to foreign law; the world’s largest collection reproduce and prepare derivative works, of published aeronautical literature; distribute copies or phonorecords, and the most extensive collection in the perform and display the work publicly, Western Hemisphere of books printed and in the case of sound recordings, to before 1501 A.D. perform the work publicly by means The manuscript collections relate to of a digital audio transmission. Works manifold aspects of American history eligible for copyright include literary and civilization and include the personal works (books and periodicals), musical papers of most of the Presidents from works, dramatic works, pantomimes George Washington through Calvin and choreographic works, pictorial, Coolidge. The music collections contain graphic, and sculptural works, motion volumes and pieces—manuscript and pictures, sound recordings, vessel hull published—from classic works to the designs, mask works, and architectural newest popular compositions. Other works. Serving in its capacity as a materials available for research include national registry for creative works, the maps and views; photographic records Copyright Office registers more than from the daguerreotype to the latest news 500,000 claims to copyright annually photo; recordings, including folksongs (representing more than 800,000 works) and other music, speeches, and poetry and is a major source of acquisitions for readings; prints, drawings, and posters; the universal collections of the Library government documents, newspapers, and of Congress. Most of the information periodicals from all over the world; and available on paper is also accessible motion pictures, microforms, audio and online, at www.loc.gov/copyright. video tapes, and digital products. Extension of Service The Library extends its service through the following: Legislative Branch 55 OF TIVES TEGIC A TR OFFICE INITIA S T OF TIONS A SUPPOR OFFICE OPER Y AL T Y AL Y AR THE VICES RO GENER OF LIBR SER OR JUDGES YRIGHT OFFICE COP INSPECT ARIAN Y CONGRESS CONGRESS AR AW LIBR OF L Y OF CONGRESS T LIBR Y OF ARIAN DEPU AR LIBR LIBR OF ARIAN LIBR OFFICE THE YRIGHT OFFICE COP VICES SER RESEARCH CONGRESSIONAL 56 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL an interlibrary loan system; duplication through more than 100 cooperating services, at reasonable cost, of books, libraries throughout the Nation; the manuscripts, maps, newspapers, and distribution of its electronic materials via prints in its collections; the sale of sound the Internet; and the provision of research recordings, which are released by its and analytical services on a fee-for- Recording Laboratory; the exchange of service basis to agencies in the executive duplicates with other institutions; the and judicial branches. sale of CD–ROM cataloging tools and American Folklife Center The Center magnetic tapes and the publication in was established in the Library of Congress book format or microform of cumulative by Act of January 2, 1976 (20 U.S.C. catalogs, which make available the 2102 et seq.). It supports, preserves, and results of the expert bibliographical presents American folklife by receiving and cataloging work of its technical and maintaining folklife collections, personnel; a centralized cataloging scholarly research, field projects, program whereby the Library of Congress performances, exhibitions, festivals, acquires material published all over workshops, publications, and audiovisual the world, catalogs it promptly, and presentations. The Center has conducted distributes cataloging information in projects in many locations across the machine-readable form and other means country, such as the ethnic communities to the Nation’s libraries; a cooperative of Chicago, IL; southern Georgia; a cataloging program whereby the ranching community in northern Nevada; cataloging of data, by name authority the Blue Ridge Parkway in southern and bibliographic records, prepared Virginia and northern North Carolina; by other libraries becomes part of the and the States of New Jersey, Rhode Library of Congress database and is Island, and Montana. The projects distributed through Cataloging Services; have provided large collections of a cataloging-in-publication program in recordings and photographs for the cooperation with American publishers Archive of Folk Culture. The Center for printing cataloging information in administers the Federal Cylinder Project, current books; the National Serials which is charged with preserving and Data Program, a national center that disseminating music and oral traditions maintains a record of serial titles to which recorded on wax cylinders dating International Standard Serial Numbers from the late 1800s to the early 1940s. have been assigned and serves, with this A cultural conservation study was file, as the United States Register; and developed at the Center, in cooperation the development of general schemes of with the Department of the Interior, classification (Library of Congress and pursuant to a congressional mandate. Dewey Decimal), subject headings, and Various conferences, workshops, and cataloging, embracing the entire field of symposia are given throughout the year. printed matter. The American Folklife Center Furthermore, the Library provides maintains and administers the Archive of for the following: the preparation of Folk Culture, an extensive collection of bibliographical lists responsive to the ethnographic materials from this country needs of Government and research; the and around the world. It is the national maintenance and the publication of repository for folk-related recordings, cooperative publications; the publication manuscripts, and other unpublished of catalogs, bibliographical guides, and materials. The Center administers the lists, and of texts of original manuscripts Veterans History Project, which records and rare books in the Library of Congress; and preserves the first-person accounts the circulation in traveling exhibitions of of war veterans. It also participates in items from the Library’s collections; the StoryCorps, a program to record and provision of books in Braille, electronic collect oral histories from people from access to Braille books on the Internet, all walks of life. This collection also “talking books,” and books on tape for resides in the American Folklife Center. the blind and the physically handicapped The Center’s reading room contains over Legislative Branch 57 3,500 books and periodicals; a sizable For further information, contact the Center for the collection of magazines, newsletters, Book. Phone, 202–707–5221. Fax, 202–707–0269. Email, [email protected]. unpublished theses, and dissertations; field notes; and many textual and some National Film Preservation Board The musical transcriptions and recordings. National Film Preservation Board, The Folklife Center News, a quarterly established by the National Film newsletter, and other informational Preservation Act of 1992 (2 U.S.C. 179) publications are available upon request. and reauthorized by the National Film Many Center publications and a number Preservation Act of 2005 (2 U.S.C. 179n), of collections are available online serves as a public advisory group to the through the Internet, at www.loc.gov/ Librarian of Congress. The Board works folklife. to ensure the survival, conservation, For further information, call 202–707–5510. and increased public availability of America’s film heritage, including Center for the Book The Center was advising the Librarian on the annual established in the Library of Congress selection of films to the National Film by an Act of October 13, 1977 (2 U.S.C. Registry and counseling the Librarian 171 et seq.), to stimulate public interest on development and implementation in books, reading, and libraries, and of the national film preservation plan. to encourage the study of books and Key publications are Film Preservation print culture. The Center is a catalyst for 1993: A Study of the Current State of promoting and exploring the vital role of American Film Preservation; Redefining books, reading, and libraries, nationally Film Preservation: A National Plan; and and internationally. As a partnership Television and Video Preservation 1997: between the Government and the private A Study of the Current State of American sector, the Center for the Book depends Television and Video Preservation. on tax-deductible contributions from For further information, call 202–707–5912. individuals and corporations to support its programs. National Sound Recording Preservation The Center’s activities are directed Board The National Sound Recording toward the general public and scholars. Preservation Board, established by the The overall program includes reading National Recording Preservation Act promotion projects with television and of 2000 (2 U.S.C. 1701 note), includes radio networks, symposia, lectures, three major components: a National exhibitions, special events, and Recording Preservation Advisory Board, publications. More than 80 national which brings together experts in the educational and civic organizations field, a National Recording Registry, participate in the Center’s annual reading and a fundraising foundation, all of promotion campaign. which are conducted under the auspices The Center provides leadership for of the Library of Congress. The Board 52 affiliated State centers for the book implements a national plan for the (including the District of Columbia and long-term preservation and accessibility the U.S. Virgin Islands) and nonprofit of the Nation’s audio heritage. It also reading-promotion partners. It oversees advises the Librarian on the selection of the Library’s Read.gov Web site, culturally, aesthetically, or historically administers the Library’s Young Readers significant sound recordings to be Center, and plays a key role in the included on the National Recording Library’s annual National Book Festival. Registry. The national recording The Center also administers the position preservation program sets standards for of the National Ambassador for Young future private and public preservation People’s Literature in collaboration efforts and will be conducted in with the Children’s Book Council. For conjunction with the Library’s Packard more information on the Center and the Campus for Audio Visual Conservation in Library’s literacy promotion activities, go Culpeper, VA. to www.Read.gov. For further information, call 202–707–5856. 58 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Preservation The Library provides Contracts Persons seeking information technical information related to the on conducting business with the Library preservation of library and archival of Congress should visit the Library’s Web material. The Library’s Preservation site. Internet, http://www.loc.gov/about/ Directorate includes three preservation business. science laboratories, a Center for the Copyright Services Information Library’s Analytical Science Samples, about the copyright law (title 17 of the and a Collections Recovery Room. U.S. Code), the method of securing Information on various preservation and copyright, and copyright registration conservation topics is available at www. procedures may be obtained by writing loc.gov/preservation. General information to the Copyright Office, Library of and publications are available from the Congress, 101 Independence Avenue SE., Office of the Director for Preservation, Washington, DC 20559–6000. Phone, Library of Congress, Washington, DC 202–707–3000. Copyright information 20540–4500. is also available through the Internet at For further information, call 202–707–1840. www.loc.gov/copyright. Registration application forms may be ordered Sources of Information by calling the forms hotline at 202– 707–9100. Copyright records may be Books for the Blind and Physically researched and reported by the Copyright Handicapped Talking and Braille Office for a fee; for an estimate, call books and magazines are distributed 202–707–6850. Members of the public through more than 100 regional and may use the copyright card catalog in subregional libraries to blind and the Copyright Office without charge. The physically handicapped residents of database of Copyright Office records the United States and its territories. cataloged from January 1, 1978, to the Qualified users can also register for present is available through the Internet Web-Braille, an Internet-based service. at www.loc.gov/copyright/rb.html. The Information is available at public libraries Copyright Information Office is located in throughout the United States and from Room LM–401, James Madison Memorial the headquarters office, National Library Building, 101 Independence Avenue SE., Service for the Blind and Physically Washington, DC 20559–6000. It is open Handicapped, Library of Congress, 1291 to the public Monday through Friday, Taylor Street NW., Washington, DC 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m., except for Federal 20542–4960. Phone, 202–707–5100. holidays. Cataloging Data Distribution ​ Employment Employment inquiries Cataloging and bibliographic information should be directed to Human in the form of microfiche catalogs, Resources Services, Library of Congress, book catalogs, magnetic tapes, CD– 101 Independence Avenue SE., ROM cataloging tools, bibliographies, Washington, DC 20540–2200. Vacancy and other technical publications announcements and applications are also is distributed to libraries and other available from the Employment Office, institutions. Information about ordering Room LM–107, 101 Independence materials is available from the Cataloging Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20540. Distribution Service, Library of Congress, Phone, 202–707–4315. Internet, www. Washington, DC 20541–4910. Phone, loc.gov/hr/employment. 202–707–6100. TDD, 202–707–0012. Duplication Services Copies of Fax, 202–707–1334. Email, cdsinfo@ manuscripts, prints, photographs, mail.loc.gov. Card numbers for new maps, and book material not subject publications and Electronic Preassigned to copyright and other restrictions are Control Numbers for publishers are available for a fee. Order forms for photo available from the Cataloging in reproduction and price schedules are Publication Division, Library of Congress, available from Duplication Services, Washington, DC 20541–4910. Phone, Library of Congress, 101 Independence 202–707–6345. Legislative Branch 59 Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20540– Fax, 202–707–1389. They may also 4570. Phone, 202–707–5640. be submitted online through “Ask a Exhibitions Throughout the year, the Librarian,” www.loc.gov/rr/askalib/. Library offers free exhibitions featuring Research and Reference Services in items from its collections. Library Science and Technology Reference exhibitions may be viewed Monday specialists in the Science, Technology, through Saturday, 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., and Business Division provide a free in the Thomas Jefferson Building. For service in answering brief technical more information, call 202–707–4604. To inquiries entailing a bibliographic view current and past exhibitions online, response. Requests for reference services use the link below. Internet, http://www. should be directed to the Science, loc.gov/exhibits. Technology, and Business Division, Publications Library of Congress Library of Congress, Science Reference publications are available through the Section, 101 Independence Avenue SE., Internet at www.loc.gov/shop. The Washington, DC 20540–4750. Phone, Library of Congress Magazine (LCM) is 202–707–5639. Internet, www.loc.gov/ published 6 times a year and may be rr/scitech. viewed online at www.loc.gov/loc/lcm/. Research Services in General Topics ​ The calendar of public events is also Federal Government agencies can available online at www.loc.gov/loc/ procure directed research and analytical events and is available by mail to persons products on foreign and domestic within 100 miles of Washington, DC. topics using the collections of the To be added to the calendar mailing list, Library of Congress through the Federal send requests to Office Systems Services, Research Division. Science, technology, Mail and Distribution Management humanities, and social science topics of Section, Library of Congress, 101 research are conducted by staff specialists Independence Avenue SE., Washington, exclusively on behalf of Federal agencies DC 20540–9441 or email [email protected]. on a fee-for-service basis. Requests for Reference and Bibliographic Services ​ service should be directed to the Federal Guidance is offered to readers in Research Division, Marketing Office, identifying and using the material in Library of Congress, Washington, DC the Library’s collections, and reference 20540–4840. Phone, 202–707–9133. service is provided to those with inquiries Fax, 202–707–3920. who have exhausted local, State, and Visiting the Library of Congress Guided regional resources. Persons requiring tours of the Library are offered to the services that cannot be performed by the public Monday through Friday at 10:30 Library staff can be supplied with names and 11:30 a.m. and 1:30, 2:30, and 3:30 of private researchers who work on a fee- p.m. and on Saturday at 10:30 and 11:30 for-service basis. Requests for information a.m. and 1:30 and 2:30 p.m. For more should be directed to the Reference information about scheduling tours for Referral Service, Library of Congress, 101 groups of 10 or more, contact the Visitor Independence Avenue SE., Washington, Services Office at 202–707–0919. DC 20540–4720. Phone, 202–707–5522. For further information, contact the Public Affairs Office, Library of Congress, 101 Independence Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20540–8610. Phone, 202–707–2905. Fax, 202–707–2905. Fax, 202–707–9199. Email, pao@ loc.gov. Internet, http://www.loc.gov.

Congressional Research Service 101 Independence Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20540 Phone, 202–707–5000. Internet, http://www.loc.gov/crsinfo.

Director, Congressional Research Service Mary B. Mazanec 60 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL The Congressional Research Service committees, and congressional staff (CRS) provides comprehensive research to objectively, authoritatively, and and analysis on all legislative and confidentially identify and clarify policy oversight issues of interest to Congress. problems, assess the implications of CRS assists Congress by responding to proposed policy alternatives, and provide specific questions and by preparing timely responses to meet immediate and reports on legislative issues in long-term needs. anticipation of questions and emerging For further information, call 202–707–5700. issues. CRS works with Members,

CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE

Director Douglas W. Elmendorf Deputy Director Robert A. Sunshine Associate Director for Communications Deborah Kilroe Associate Director for Economic Analysis Jeffrey Kling Associate Director for Legislative Affairs Edward Davis General Counsel Mark P. Hadley Assistant Director for Budget Analysis Peter H. Fontaine Assistant Director for Financial Analysis Damien Moore Assistant Director for Health, Retirement, and Linda Bilheimer Long-Term Analysis Assistant Director for Macroeconomic Analysis Wendy Edelberg Chief Administrative Officer for Management, Joseph E. Evans, Jr. Business, and Information Services Assistant Director for Microeconomic Studies Joseph Kile Assistant Director for National Security David Mosher Assistant Director for Tax Analysis David Weiner

The Congressional Budget Office produces independent analyses of budgetary and economic issues to support the congressional budget process.

The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) resolution guides the action of other was established by the Congressional congressional committees in drafting Budget Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 601), subsequent spending and revenue which also created a procedure by legislation within their jurisdiction. which the Congress considers and acts To support this process, the CBO makes upon the annual Federal budget. This budgetary and economic projections, process enables the Congress to have analyzes the proposals set forth in the an overview of the Federal budget and President’s budget request, and details to make overall decisions regarding alternative spending and revenue options spending and taxing levels and the deficit for lawmakers to consider. The CBO also or surplus these levels incur. provides cost estimates of bills approved by congressional committees and tracks Activities the progress of spending and revenue The CBO assists the congressional budget legislation in a scorekeeping system. The committees with drafting and enforcing CBO’s cost estimates and scorekeeping the annual budget resolution, which system help the budget committees serves as a blueprint for total levels of determine whether the budgetary effects Government spending and revenues in a of individual proposals are consistent fiscal year. Once completed, the budget with the most recent spending and revenue targets. Legislative Branch 61 OR SIS ANT X T Y TA ANAL DIRECT ASSIS Y OR ANT T TIONAL NA SECURIT DIRECT ASSIS AL OR ANT T GENER COUNSEL TUDIES STUDIES S DIRECT ASSIS CROECONOMIC MICROECONOMIC MA , OFFICE FOR TE TIVE AND TIVE A TION A OR AIRS TR VICES GEMENT AFF CHIEF OFFICER ASSOCIA SER LEGISL OR DIRECT INFORMA MANA BUSINESS, ADMINIS OR BUDGET DIRECT Y T DIRECT DEPU OR TIONS FOR TE SIS ANT A T Y OR ANAL DIRECT ASSIS CROECONOMIC ASSOCIA DIRECT MA COMMUNIC CONGRESSIONAL , OR SIS ANT TH, T Y FOR TE SIS Y LONG-TERM OR HEAL ANAL DIRECT ASSIS RETIREMENT ANAL AND ECONOMIC ASSOCIA DIRECT OR SIS ANT T Y ANAL DIRECT FINANCIAL ASSIS OR SIS ANT T Y BUDGET ANAL DIRECT ASSIS 62 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Upon congressional request, the CBO consistent set of economic and technical also produces reports analyzing specific assumptions. policy and program issues that are Cost Estimates for Bills The CBO significant for the budget. In keeping with provides cost estimates of every bill to the agency’s nonpartisan role, its analyses show how it would affect spending or do not present policy recommendations revenues over the next 5 or 10 years, and routinely disclose their underlying depending on the type of spending assumptions and methods. This open and involved. The CBO also provides nonpartisan stance has been instrumental informal estimates at the committee level in preserving the credibility of the and other stages in the legislative process. agency’s analyses. Scorekeeping The CBO provides the Baseline Budget Projections and budget and appropriations committees Economic Forecasts Each year, the with frequent tabulations of congressional CBO issues reports on the budget and action affecting spending and revenues. economic outlook that cover the 10- Those scorekeeping reports provide year period used in the congressional information about whether legislative budget process. Those reports present actions are consistent with the spending and explain the CBO’s baseline budget and revenue levels set by the budget projections and economic forecast, resolution. which are generally based on current law Federal Mandates As required by the regarding Federal spending and revenues. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995, The reports also describe the differences the CBO analyzes the costs that proposed between the current projections and legislation would impose on State, local, previous ones, compare the economic and tribal governments and on the private forecast with those of other forecasters, sector. The CBO produces mandate and show the budgetary impact of some statements with its cost estimates for each alternative policy assumptions. committee-approved bill. Analysis of the President’s Budget The Budgetary and Economic Policy Issues ​ CBO estimates the budgetary impact of Additionally, the CBO analyzes specific the proposals in the President’s budget program and policy issues that affect using its own economic forecast and the Federal budget and the economy. assumptions. The CBO’s independent Generally, requests for these analyses reestimate allows Congress to compare come from the chairman or ranking the administration’s spending and minority member of a committee or revenue proposals with CBO’s baseline subcommittee or from the leadership of projections and other proposals using a either party in the House or Senate. For further information, contact the Management, Business, and Information Services Division, Congressional Budget Office, Second and D Streets SW., Washington, DC 20515. Phone, 202–226–2600. Fax, 202–226– 2714. Internet, http://www.cbo.gov. Judicial Branch

JUDICIAL BRANCH

THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES

Members Chief Justice of the United States John G. Roberts, Jr. Associate Justices Antonin Scalia, Anthony M. Kennedy, Clarence Thomas, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Stephen G. Breyer, Samuel A. Alito, Jr., Sonia M. Sotomayor, Elena Kagan Officers Counselor to the Chief Justice Jeffrey P. Minear Clerk Scott S. Harris Legal Officer Ethan Torrey Curator Catherine E. Fitts Director of Information Technology Robert J. Hawkins Librarian Linda Maslow Marshal Pamela Talkin Public Information Officer Kathleen L. Arberg Reporter of Decisions Christine L. Fallon

Article III, section 1, of the Constitution of the United States provides that “[t]he judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.”

The Supreme Court of the United their Services, a Compensation, which States was created in accordance with shall not be diminished during their this provision and by authority of the Continuance in Office.” Judiciary Act of September 24, 1789 (1 Court officers assist the Court in the Stat. 73). It was organized on February performance of its functions. They 2, 1790. Article III, section 2, of the include the Counselor to the Chief Constitution defines the jurisdiction of the Justice, the Clerk, the Reporter of Supreme Court. Decisions, the Librarian, the Marshal, the The Supreme Court is comprised of Legal Officer, the Curator, the Director of the Chief Justice of the United States Information Technology, and the Public and such number of Associate Justices Information Officer. as may be fixed by Congress, which is Appellate Jurisdiction Appellate currently fixed at eight (28 U.S.C. 1). The jurisdiction has been conferred upon President nominates the Justices with the the Supreme Court by various statutes advice and consent of the Senate. Article under the authority given Congress by the III, section 1, of the Constitution further Constitution. The basic statute effective provides that “[t]he Judges, both of the at this time in conferring and controlling supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold jurisdiction of the Supreme Court may be their Offices during good Behaviour, found in 28 U.S.C. 1251, 1253, 1254, and shall, at stated Times, receive for 1257–1259, and various special statutes. 65 66 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Congress has no authority to change the filed each year that can be acted upon by original jurisdiction of this Court. a single Justice. Rulemaking Power Congress has Access to Facilities The Supreme from time to time conferred upon the Court is open to the public from 9 a.m. Supreme Court power to prescribe rules to 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, of procedure to be followed by the lower except on Federal holidays. Unless the courts of the United States. Court or Chief Justice orders otherwise, Court Term The term of the Court the Clerk’s office is open from 9 a.m. begins on the first Monday in October to 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, and lasts until the first Monday in except on Federal holidays. The library October of the next year. Approximately is open to members of the bar of the 8,000–10,000 cases are filed with the Court, attorneys for the various Federal Court in the course of a term, and some departments and agencies, and Members 1,000 applications of various kinds are of Congress. For further information concerning the Supreme Court, contact the Public Information Office, United States Supreme Court Building, One First Street NE., Washington, DC 20543. Phone, 202–479–3211. Internet, http://www.supremecourt.gov.

LOWER COURTS Article III of the Constitution declares, constitutional courts “. . . share in the in section 1, that the judicial power exercise of the judicial power defined of the United States shall be invested in that section, can be invested with no in one Supreme Court and in “such other jurisdiction, and have judges who inferior Courts as the Congress may hold office during good behavior, with no from time to time ordain and establish.” power in Congress to provide otherwise.” The Supreme Court has held that these

United States Courts of Appeals The courts of appeals are intermediate territories and the Commonwealth of appellate courts created by act of March Puerto Rico are assigned variously 3, 1891 (28 U.S.C. ch. 3), to relieve the to the first, third, and ninth circuits. Supreme Court of considering all appeals There is also a Court of Appeals for the in cases originally decided by the Federal Federal Circuit, which has nationwide trial courts. They are empowered to jurisdiction defined by subject matter. At review all final decisions and certain present each court of appeals has from 6 interlocutory decisions (18 U.S.C. 3731; to 28 permanent circuit judgeships (179 28 U.S.C. 1291, 1292) of district courts. in all), depending upon the amount of They also are empowered to review judicial work in the circuit. Circuit judges and enforce orders of many Federal hold their offices during good behavior administrative bodies. The decisions of as provided by Article III, section 1, of the courts of appeals are final except the Constitution. The judge senior in as they are subject to review on writ of commission who is under 70 years of certiorari by the Supreme Court. age (65 at inception of term), has been The United States is divided in office at least 1 year, and has not geographically into 12 judicial circuits, previously been chief judge, serves as including the District of Columbia. the chief judge of the circuit for a 7-year Each circuit has a court of appeals (28 term. One of the Justices of the Supreme U.S.C. 41, 1294). Each of the 50 States Court is assigned as circuit justice for is assigned to one of the circuits. The each of the 13 judicial circuits. Each Judicial Branch 67 court of appeals normally hears cases in circuit (28 U.S.C. 333). The chief judge of panels consisting of three judges but may each circuit and a district judge elected sit en banc with all judges present. from each of the 12 geographical circuits, The judges of each circuit (except together with the chief judge of the Court the Federal Circuit) by vote determine of International Trade, serve as members the size of the judicial council for the of the Judicial Conference of the United circuit, which consists of the chief judge States, over which the Chief Justice of and an equal number of circuit and the United States presides. This is the district judges. The council considers governing body for the administration of the state of Federal judicial business in the Federal judicial system as a whole (28 the circuit and may “make all necessary U.S.C. 331). and appropriate orders for [its] effective To obtain a complete list of judges, and expeditious administration . . .” (28 court officials, and official stations of the U.S.C. 332). United States Courts of Appeals for the The chief judge of each circuit Federal Circuit, as well as information may summon periodically a judicial on opinions and cases before the court, conference of all judges of the circuit, consult the Judicial Circuit Web sites including members of the bar, to discuss listed below. the business of the Federal courts of the

List of Judicial Circuit Web Sites—United States Courts of Appeals Circuit URL District of Columbia Circuit http://www.cadc.uscourts.gov First Circuit http://www.ca1.uscourts.gov Second Circuit http://www.ca2.uscourts.gov Third Circuit http://www.ca3.uscourts.gov Fourth Circuit http://www.ca4.uscourts.gov Fifth Circuit http://www.ca5.uscourts.gov Sixth Circuit http://www.ca6.uscourts.gov Seventh Circuit http://www.ca7.uscourts.gov Eighth Circuit http://www.ca8.uscourts.gov Ninth Circuit http://www.ca9.uscourts.gov Tenth Circuit http://www.ca10.uscourts.gov/ Eleventh Circuit http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/

United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit This court was established under Article of Appeals for Veterans Claims. The III of the Constitution pursuant to the jurisdiction of the court also includes Federal Courts Improvement Act of 1982 the review of administrative rulings (28 U.S.C. 41, 44, 48), as successor to the by the Patent and Trademark Office, former United States Court of Customs U.S. International Trade Commission, and Patent Appeals and the United States Secretary of Commerce, agency boards Court of Claims. The jurisdiction of the of contract appeals, and the Merit court is nationwide (as provided by 28 Systems Protection Board, as well U.S.C. 1295) and includes appeals from as rulemaking of the Department of the district courts in patent cases; appeals Veterans Affairs; review of decisions of from the district courts in contract, and the U.S. Senate Committee on Ethics certain other civil actions in which the concerning discrimination claims of United States is a defendant; and appeals Senate employees; and review of a final from final decisions of the U.S. Court order of an entity to be designated by of International Trade, the U.S. Court the President concerning discrimination of Federal Claims, and the U.S. Court claims of Presidential appointees. 68 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL The court consists of 12 circuit judges. To obtain a complete list of judges and It sits in panels of three or more on each court officials of the United States Courts case and may also hear or rehear a case of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, as well en banc. The court sits principally in as information on opinions and cases Washington, DC, and may hold court before the court, consult the following wherever any court of appeals sits (28 Web site: http://www.cafc.uscourts.gov. U.S.C. 48).

United States District Courts The district courts are the trial courts of as chief judge for a 7-year term. There general Federal jurisdiction. Each State are 645 permanent district judgeships has at least one district court, while the in the 50 States and 15 in the District larger States have as many as four. There of Columbia. There are seven district are 89 district courts in the 50 States, plus judgeships in Puerto Rico. District judges the one in the District of Columbia. In hold their offices during good behavior addition, the Commonwealth of Puerto as provided by Article III, section 1, of Rico has a district court with jurisdiction the Constitution. However, Congress may corresponding to that of district courts in temporary judgeships for a court with the various States. the provision that when a future vacancy At present, each district court has occurs in that district, such vacancy shall from 2 to 28 Federal district judgeships, not be filled. Each district court has one depending upon the amount of judicial or more United States magistrate judges work within its territory. Only one judge and bankruptcy judges, a clerk, a United is usually required to hear and decide States attorney, a United States marshal, a case in a district court, but in some probation officers, court reporters, and limited cases it is required that three their staffs. The jurisdiction of the district judges be called together to comprise courts is set forth in title 28, chapter the court (28 U.S.C. 2284). The judge 85, of the United States Code and at 18 senior in commission who is under 70 U.S.C. 3231. years of age (65 at inception of term), has Cases from the district courts are been in office for at least 1 year, and has reviewable on appeal by the applicable not previously been chief judge, serves court of appeals.

Territorial Courts Pursuant to its authority to govern the not only over the subjects described in Territories (Art. IV, sec. 3, clause 2, of the the judicial article of the Constitution but Constitution), Congress has established also over many local matters that, within district courts in the territories of Guam the States, are decided in State courts. and the Virgin Islands. The District Court The District Court of Puerto Rico, by of the Canal Zone was abolished on contrast, is established under Article III, is April 1, 1982, pursuant to the Panama classified like other “district courts,” and Canal Act of 1979 (22 U.S.C. 3601 is called a “court of the United States” note). Congress has also established a (28 U.S.C. 451). There is one judge each district court in the Northern Mariana in Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands, which presently is administered Islands, and two in the Virgin Islands. The by the United States under a trusteeship judges in these courts are appointed for agreement with the United Nations. terms of 10 years. These Territorial courts have jurisdiction Judicial Branch 69

For further information concerning the lower courts, contact the Administrative Office of the United States Courts, Thurgood Marshall Federal Judiciary Building, One Columbus Circle NE., Washington, DC 20544. Phone, 202–502–2600.

United States Court of International Trade This court was originally established to the eligibility of workers, firms, and as the Board of United States General communities for adjustment assistance Appraisers by act of June 10, 1890, under the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. which conferred upon it jurisdiction 2101). Civil actions commenced by the theretofore held by the district and circuit United States to recover customs duties, courts in actions arising under the tariff to recover on a customs bond, or for acts (19 U.S.C. ch. 4). The act of May certain civil penalties alleging fraud or 28, 1926 (19 U.S.C. 405a), created the negligence are also within the exclusive United States Customs Court to supersede jurisdiction of the court. the Board; by acts of August 7, 1939, and The court is composed of a chief June 25, 1948 (28 U.S.C. 1582, 1583), judge and eight judges, not more than the court was integrated into the United five of whom may belong to any one States court structure, organization, and political party. Any of its judges may be procedure. The act of July 14, 1956 (28 temporarily designated and assigned by U.S.C. 251), established the court as the Chief Justice of the United States to a court of record of the United States sit as a court of appeals or district court under Article III of the Constitution. The judge in any circuit or district. The court Customs Court Act of 1980 (28 U.S.C. has a clerk and deputy clerks, a librarian, 251) constituted the court as the United court reporters, and other supporting States Court of International Trade. personnel. Cases before the court may The Court of International Trade has be tried before a jury. Under the Federal jurisdiction over any civil action against Courts Improvement Act of 1982 (28 the United States arising from Federal U.S.C. 1295), appeals are taken to the laws governing import transactions. This U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal includes classification and valuation Circuit, and ultimately review may cases, as well as authority to review be sought in appropriate cases in the certain agency determinations under Supreme Court of the United States. the Trade Agreements Act of 1979 (19 The principal offices are located U.S.C. 2501) involving antidumping in New York, NY, but the court is and countervailing duty matters. In empowered to hear and determine cases addition, it has exclusive jurisdiction of arising at any port or place within the civil actions to review determinations as jurisdiction of the United States. For further information, contact the Clerk, United States Court of International Trade, One Federal Plaza, New York, NY 10278–0001. Phone, 212–264–2814.

Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation The Panel, created by act of April 29, temporarily transfer to a single district, 1968 (28 U.S.C. 1407), and consisting of for coordinated or consolidated pretrial seven Federal judges designated by the proceedings, civil actions pending in Chief Justice from the courts of appeals different districts that involve one or more and district courts, is authorized to common questions of fact. For further information, contact the Clerk, Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation, Room G–255, Thurgood Marshall Federal Judiciary Building, One Columbus Circle NE., Washington, DC 20002–8041. Phone, 202–502–2800. 70 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL SPECIAL COURTS

United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces This court was established under Article accused who have received a sentence of I of the Constitution of the United States confinement for 1 year or more and/or a pursuant to act of May 5, 1950, as punitive discharge. amended (10 U.S.C. 867). Subject only The court also exercises authority to certiorari review by the Supreme Court under the All Writs Act (28 U.S.C. of the United States in a limited number 1651(a)). of cases, the court serves as the final In addition, the judges of the court appellate tribunal to review court-martial are required by law to work jointly convictions of all the Armed Forces. It is with the senior uniformed lawyer from exclusively an appellate criminal court, each of the Armed Forces and two consisting of five civilian judges who members of the public appointed by the are appointed for 15-year terms by the Secretary of Defense to make an annual President with the advice and consent of comprehensive survey, to report annually the Senate. to the Congress on the operation and The court is called upon to exercise progress of the military justice system jurisdiction to review the record in all under the Uniform Code of Military cases extending to death; certified to the Justice, and to recommend improvements court by a Judge Advocate General of wherever necessary. one of the Armed Forces; or petitioned by For further information, contact the Clerk, United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces, 450 E Street NW., Washington, DC 20442–0001. Phone, 202–761–1448. Fax, 202–761–4672. Internet, http://www. armfor.uscourts.gov.

United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims The United States Court of Appeals certiorari by the United States Supreme for Veterans Claims, a court of record Court. under Article I of the Constitution, was The Court consists of nine judges established on November 18, 1988 appointed by the President, with the (38 U.S.C. 7251) and given exclusive advice and consent of the Senate, for jurisdiction to review decisions of the 15-year terms. One of the judges serves Board of Veterans’ Appeals. Appeals as chief judge. concern veteran disability benefits, The Chief Judge generally conducts dependent educational assistance, a judicial conference every 2 years. survivor benefits, and pension benefits The primary purpose of the conference, claims. In addition to its review authority, which involves the active participation the Court has contempt authority, as well of members of the legal community, as the authority to compel action by the attorneys, and practitioners admitted Secretary of Veterans Affairs, the authority to practice before the Court, is to to grant a petition for extraordinary relief consider the business of the Court and under the All Writs Act (28 U.S.C. 1651), to recommend means of improving and the authority to make attorney fee the administration of justice within the determinations under the Equal Access to Court’s jurisdiction. Justice Act (28 U.S.C. 2412). Decisions of The Court is located in Washington, the Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims DC, but it is a court of national are subject to review by the United jurisdiction and may sit at any location States Court of Appeals for the Federal within the United States. Circuit on questions of law and on writ of Judicial Branch 71 Opinions issued by the Court, case Appeals for Veterans Claims are available information, and a current list of judges at www.uscourts.cavc.gov. and officials of the United States Court of For further information, contact the Clerk, United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims, Suite 900, 625 Indiana Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20004–2950. Phone, 202–501–5970. Fax, 202–501–5848 Internet, http://www.uscourts.cavc.gov.

United States Court of Federal Claims The United States Court of Federal Claims United States, or Federal regulations. has jurisdiction over claims seeking Judges are appointed by the President money judgments against the United for 15-year terms, subject to Senate States. A claim must be founded upon confirmation. Appeals are to the U.S. the Constitution, an act of Congress, Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. an Executive order, a contract with the For further information, contact the Clerk’s Office, United States Court of Federal Claims, 717 Madison Place NW., Washington, DC 20439. Phone, 202–357–6400. Internet, http://www.uscfc.uscourts.gov. 72 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL EDITORIAL NOTE: The United States Tax Court did not meet the publication deadline for submitting updated information of its activities, functions, and sources of information as required by the automatic disclosure provisions of the Freedom of Information Act (5 U.S.C. 552(a)(1)(A)).

United States Tax Court The United States Tax Court is a court of Court has national jurisdiction and record under Article I of the Constitution schedules trial sessions in more than of the United States (26 U.S.C. 7441). 70 cities in the United States. Each trial The Court was created as the United session is conducted by one judge, States Board of Tax Appeals by the senior judge, or special trial judge. Court Revenue Act of 1924 (43 Stat. 336). The proceedings are open to the public and name was changed to the Tax Court of are conducted in accordance with the the United States by the Revenue Act of Court’s Rules of Practice and Procedure 1942 (56 Stat. 957). The Tax Reform Act and the rules of evidence applicable in of 1969 (83 Stat. 730) established the trials without a jury in the U.S. District court under Article I and then changed its Court for the District of Columbia. A name to the United States Tax Court. fee of $60 is charged for the filing of The Court comprises 19 judges who a petition. Practice before the Court are appointed by the President to 15-year is limited to practitioners admitted terms and subject to Senate confirmation. under the court’s Rules of Practice and The court also has varying numbers of Procedure. both senior judges (who may be recalled Decisions entered by the Court, other by the chief judge to perform further than decisions in small tax cases, may be judicial duties) and special trial judges appealed to the regional courts of appeals (who are appointed by the chief judge and, thereafter, upon the granting of a and may hear and decide a variety of writ of certiorari, to the Supreme Court cases). The Court’s jurisdiction is set forth of the United States. At the option of in various sections of title 26 of the U.S. petitioners, simplified procedures may be Code. used in small tax cases. Small tax cases The offices of the Court and its judges are final and not subject to review by any are in Washington, DC. However, the Court. For further information, contact the Office of the Clerk of the Court, United States Tax Court, 400 Second Street NW., Washington, DC 20217–0002. Phone, 202–521–0700. Internet, http://www.ustaxcourt.gov.

ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES COURTS

Director John D. Bates Deputy Director Jill C. Sayenga General Counsel Robert K. Loesche Judicial Conference Secretariat Officer Jeffrey A. Hennemuth Legislative Affairs Officer Cordia A. Strom Public Affairs Officer David A. Sellers Associate Director, Department of Program Laura C. Minor Services Associate Director, Department of George H. Schafer Administrative Services Judicial Branch 73

Associate Director, Department of Technology Joseph R. Peters, Jr. Services

The Administrative Office of the United States Courts supports and serves the nonjudicial, administrative business of the United States Courts.

The Administrative Office of the United of Management and Budget transmits to States Courts was created by act of Congress without change. August 7, 1939 (28 U.S.C. 601). It Probation Officers The Administrative was established November 6, 1939. Office exercises general supervision of The Chief Justice of the United States, the accounts and practices of the Federal after consultation with the Judicial probation offices, which are subject to Conference, appoints the Director and primary control by the respective district Deputy Director of the Administrative courts that they serve. The Administrative Office. Office publishes quarterly, in cooperation Administering the Courts The Director with the Department of Justice’s Bureau is the administrative officer of the courts of Prisons, the electronically accessible of the United States (except the Supreme “Federal Probation Journal,” whose Court). Under the guidance of the content centers on current thought, Judicial Conference of the United States, research, and practice in corrections and the Director is required to supervise all criminal justice. administrative matters relating to the The Director also has the responsibility offices of clerks and other clerical and to establish pretrial services in the district administrative personnel of the courts; courts under the Pretrial Services Act of to examine the state of the dockets of 1982 (18 U.S.C. 3152). The offices of the courts, secure information as to the these district courts report information courts’ need of assistance, and prepare concerning pretrial release of persons and transmit statistical data and reports charged with Federal offenses and each quarter to the chief judges of supervise such persons who are released the circuits; to submit to the annual to their custody. meeting of the Judicial Conference of the Bankruptcy According to the United States an activities report of the Bankruptcy Amendments and Federal Administrative Office and the courts’ state Judgeship Act of 1984 (28 U.S.C. 151), of business; to fix the compensation of the bankruptcy judges for each judicial court employees whose compensation is district constitute a unit of the district not otherwise fixed by law; to regulate court known as the bankruptcy court. and pay annuities to widows and The courts of appeals appoint bankruptcy surviving dependent children of judges; judges in such numbers as authorized to disburse moneys appropriated for the by Congress. These judges serve for a maintenance and operation of the courts; term of 14 years as judicial officers of the to examine accounts of court officers; to district courts. regulate travel of judicial personnel; to This act placed jurisdiction in the provide accommodations and supplies district courts over all cases under for the courts and their clerical and title 11, United States Code, and all administrative personnel; to establish and proceedings arising in or related to cases maintain programs for the certification under that title (28 U.S.C. 1334). The and utilization of court interpreters and district court may refer such cases and the provision of special interpretation proceedings to its bankruptcy judges (as services in the courts; and to perform authorized by 28 U.S.C. 157). such other duties as may be assigned The Director of the Administrative by the Supreme Court or the Judicial Office recommends to the Judicial Conference of the United States. Conference the duty stations of The Director also is responsible for bankruptcy judges and the places the preparation and submission of the they hold court, surveys the need for budget of the courts, which the Office additional bankruptcy judgeships to 74 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL OFFICE OFFICE OFFICE OFFICE SOLUTIONS IT SECURITY AFFAIRS TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE ADMINISTRATIVE LEGISLATIVE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT OF DEPARTMENT TECHNOLOGY SERVICES PRACTICES CLOUD OFFICE EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT SYSTEMS SYSTEMS OFFICE OF FAIR OFFICE OF FAIR OFFICE OF OFFICE OF AUDIT MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT PUBLIC AFFAIRS HOSTING OFFICE HOSTING SUPPORT OFFICE SUPPORT INFRASTRUCTURE DEPLOYMENT AND DEPLOYMENT TECHNOLOGY AND JUDICIAL OFFICE SECRETARIAT BUDGET, BUDGET, CONFERENCE PROCUREMENT ADMINISTRATIVE ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEMS OFFICE SYSTEMS ACCOUNTING, AND ACCOUNTING,

DIRECTOR DEPARTMENT OF DEPARTMENT DEPUTY DIRECTOR ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE FACILITIES AND FACILITIES SECURITY OFFICE HUMAN RESOURCES OFFICE OFFICE SUPPORT STAFF SUPPORT PROBATION AND PROBATION SYSTEMS OFFICE SYSTEMS RULES COMMITTEE PRETRIAL SERVICES PRETRIAL SERVICES CASE MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT CASE DEFENDER SERVICES DEFENDER SERVICES ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES COURTS THE UNITED STATES OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE

OFFICE OF DEPARTMENT OF DEPARTMENT GENERAL COUNSEL PROGRAM SERVICES OFFICE OFFICE OFFICES ETHICS STAFF AND ANALYSIS AND ANALYSIS JUDICIARY DATA DATA JUDICIARY COURT SERVICES SERVICES COURT JUDICIAL SERVICES JUDICIAL SERVICES

Judicial Branch 75 be recommended to Congress, and Each defender organization submits to determines the staff needs of bankruptcy the Director of the Administrative Office judges and the clerks of the bankruptcy an annual report of its activities along courts. with a proposed budget or, in the case Federal Magistrate Judges The Director of community defender organizations, a of the Administrative Office exercises proposed grant for the coming year. The general supervision over administrative Director is responsible for the submission matters in offices of U.S. magistrate of the proposed budgets and grants to judges, compiles and evaluates statistical the Judicial Conference for approval. data relating to such offices, and The Director also makes payments submits reports thereon to the Judicial to the defender organizations out of Conference. The Director reports appropriations in accordance with the annually to Congress on the business approved budgets and grants, as well as that has come before U.S. magistrate compensating private counsel appointed judges and also prepares legal and to defend criminal cases in the United administrative manuals for the magistrate States courts. judges. In compliance with the act, the Administrative Office conducts surveys of Sources of Information the conditions in the judicial districts to Budget, Accounting, and Procurement make recommendations as to the number, Office. Phone, 202–502–2000. location, and salaries of magistrate Court Services Office. Phone, 202– judges. The Judicial Conference then 502–1500. determines their number, location, and Defender Services Office. Phone, salaries, subject to the availability of 202–502–3030. appropriated funds. General Counsel Office. Phone, Federal Defenders The Criminal Justice 202–502–1100. Act (18 U.S.C. 3006A) establishes the Human Resources Office. Phone, procedure for the appointment of private 202–502–3100. panel attorneys in Federal criminal cases Judicial Conference Executive for individuals who are unable to afford Secretariat. Phone, 202–502–2400. adequate representation, under plans Judicial Services Office. Phone, adopted by each district court. The act 202–502–1800. also permits the establishment of Federal Judiciary Reporting and Analysis public defender or Federal community Division. Phone, 202–502–1440. defender organizations by the district Legislative Affairs Office. Phone, courts in districts where at least 200 202–502–1700. persons annually require the appointment Probation and Pretrial Services Office. of counsel. Two adjacent districts may be Phone, 202–502–1600. combined to reach this total. Public Affairs Office. Phone, 202–502– 2600. For further information, contact the Administrative Office of the United States Courts, Thurgood Marshall Federal Judiciary Building, One Columbus Circle NE., Washington, DC 20544. Phone, 202–502–2600. Internet, http://www.uscourts.gov.

FEDERAL JUDICIAL CENTER

Director Jeremy D. Fogel Deputy Director John S. Cooke Director, Education Division Bruce M. Clarke Director, Information Technology Office Esther DeVries Director, Research Division James B. Eaglin Director, Interjudicial Relations Office Mira Gur-Arie 76 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Director, Federal Judicial History Office Bruce A. Ragsdale Director, Editorial and Information Services Sylvan A. Sobel Office

The Federal Judicial Center is the judicial branch’s agency for policy research and continuing education.

The Federal Judicial Center was created sentencing and its consequences. The by act of December 20, 1967 (28 Center produces research reports, training U.S.C. 620), to further the development manuals, video programs, computer- and adoption of improved judicial based training, and periodicals about the administration in the courts of the United Federal courts; provides guidance and States. advice and maintains data and records The Center’s basic policies and relevant for documenting and conserving activities are determined by its Board, the history of the Federal courts; and which is composed of the Chief Justice cooperates with and assists other of the United States, who is permanent agencies and organizations in providing Chair of the Board by statute, and two advice to improve the administration of judges of the U.S. courts of appeals, three justice in foreign courts. judges of the U.S. district courts, one bankruptcy judge, and one magistrate Sources of Information judge, all of whom are elected for 4-year For general information about the Federal terms by the Judicial Conference of Judicial Center, including a directory the United States. The Director of the of telephone and fax numbers for its Administrative Office of the United States component offices and divisions, visit Courts is also a permanent member of the www.fjc.gov/public/home.nsf/pages/104. Board. Electronic Access Selected Federal The Center develops and administers Judicial Center publications, Federal orientation and continuing education judicial history databases, and various programs for Federal judges and educational resources are available at defenders and nonjudicial court www.fjc.gov. personnel, including probation officers, Publications Single copies of most pretrial services officers, and clerks’ Federal Judicial Center publications are office employees. It conducts research available free of charge. Phone, 202– and evaluation on the Federal judicial 502–4153. Fax, 202–502–4077. processes, court management, and For further information, contact the Federal Judicial Center, Thurgood Marshall Federal Judiciary Building, One Columbus Circle NE., Washington, DC 20002–8003. Phone, 202–502–4000. Internet, http://www.fjc. gov.

UNITED STATES SENTENCING COMMISSION Suite 2–500, One Columbus Circle NE., Washington, DC 20002–8002 Phone, 202–502–4500. Internet, http://www.ussc.gov.

Chair Patti B. Saris Vice Chairs Charles R. Breyer, Ricardo H. Hinojosa, Ketanji Brown Jackson Commissioners Rachel E. Barkow, Dabney L. Friedrich, Wiiliam H. Pryor, Jr. Commissioner (ex officio)s Isaac Fulwood, Jr., Jonathan J. Wroblewski Staff Director Kenneth P. Cohen Judicial Branch 77

General Counsel Kathleen C. Grilli Public Affairs Officer Jeanne Doherty Director of Administration and Planning Susan M. Brazel Director and Chief Counsel of Training Pamela G. Montgomery Director of Legislative and Public Affairs Noah Bookbinder Director of Research and Data Glenn R. Schmitt

The United States Sentencing Commission develops sentencing guidelines and policies for the Federal court system.

The United States Sentencing regarding the application of guidelines, Commission was established as an and policy statements on the appropriate independent agency in the judicial use of probation and supervised release branch of the Federal Government by revocation provisions. These sentencing the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984 (28 guidelines and policy statements are U.S.C. 991 et seq. and 18 U.S.C. 3551 designed to further the purposes of just et seq.). The Commission establishes punishment, deterrence, incapacitation, sentencing guidelines and policies for and rehabilitation; provide fairness in the Federal courts, advising them of meeting the purposes of sentencing; the appropriate form and severity of avoid unwarranted disparity; and reflect punishment for offenders convicted of advancement in the knowledge of human Federal crimes. behavior as it relates to the criminal The Commission is composed of justice process. seven voting members appointed by the In addition, the Commission President with the advice and consent provides training, conducts research on of the Senate for 6-year terms, and two sentencing-related issues, and serves as nonvoting members. One of the voting an information resource for Congress, members is appointed Chairperson. criminal justice practitioners, and the The Commission evaluates the effects public. of the sentencing guidelines on the criminal justice system, advises Congress Sources of Information regarding the modification or enactment Electronic Access Commission of statutes relating to criminal law and information and materials may be sentencing matters, establishes a research accessed online. Internet, http://www. and development program on sentencing ussc.gov. issues, and performs other related duties. Guideline Application Assistance In executing its duties, the Commission Helpline Phone, 202–502–4545. promulgates and distributes to Federal Public Information Information courts and to the U.S. probation concerning Commission activities is system guidelines to be consulted in available from the Office of Publishing determining sentences to be imposed in and Public Affairs. Phone, 202–502– criminal cases, general policy statements 4590. For further information, contact the Office of Publishing and Public Affairs, United States Sentencing Commission, Suite 2–500, One Columbus Circle NE., Washington, DC 20002–8002. Phone, 202–502–4590. Internet, http://www.ussc.gov. 78 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL CTIC E AN D IONE R PR A TION NG COMMISS EDUC A SENTENCI IONE R COMMISS COUNSE L SIO N IONE R GENERAL COMMISS COMMIS A T A NG D OR AND DIREC T CHAI R AFF SENTENCI S T RESEARCH TES A S T IONE R AN D AIR S F UNITED COMMISS AF TIVE A PUBLIC LEGISL IONE R COMMISS TIO N TR A IONE R ADMINIS COMMISS Executive Branch

EXECUTIVE BRANCH: THE PRESIDENT

THE PRESIDENT

The President of the United States Barack Obama Article II, section 1, of the Constitution of the respective offices, on which he provides that “[t]he executive Power requests information (pursuant to Article shall be vested in a President of the II, section 2, of the Constitution). United States of America. He shall hold The Cabinet is composed of the his Office during the Term of four Years, Vice President and the heads of the 15 . . . together with the Vice President, executive departments—the Secretaries chosen for the same Term . . . .” In of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, addition to the powers set forth in the Education, Energy, Health and Human Constitution, the statutes have conferred Services, Homeland Security, Housing upon the President specific authority and and Urban Development, Interior, responsibility covering a wide range of Labor, State, Transportation, Treasury, matters (United States Code Index). and Veterans Affairs, and the Attorney The President is the administrative General. Additionally, in the Obama head of the executive branch of the administration, Cabinet-level rank has Government, which includes numerous been accorded to the Chief of Staff agencies, both temporary and permanent, to the President; the Administrator, as well as the 15 executive departments. Environmental Protection Agency; the The Cabinet The Cabinet, a creation Chair, Council of Economic Advisers; of custom and tradition dating back to the Director, Office of Management George Washington’s administration, and Budget; the U.S. Permanent functions at the pleasure of the President. Representative to the United Nations; and Its purpose is to advise the President the U.S. Trade Representative. upon any subject, relating to the duties

THE VICE PRESIDENT

The Vice President Joseph R. Biden, Jr. Article II, section 1, of the Constitution to Article II and the 20th and 25th provides that the President “shall hold his amendments to the Constitution. Office during the Term of four Years, . . . The executive functions of the Vice together with the Vice President . . . .’’ President include participation in Cabinet In addition to his role as President of the meetings and, by statute, membership Senate, the Vice President is empowered on the National Security Council and to succeed to the Presidency, pursuant the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution.

81 82 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL THE EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT Under authority of the Reorganization divisions of the Executive Office and Act of 1939 (5 U.S.C. 133–133r, 133t defined their functions. Subsequently, note), various agencies were transferred Presidents have used Executive orders, to the Executive Office of the President reorganization plans, and legislative by the President’s Reorganization Plans I initiatives to reorganize the Executive and II of 1939 (5 U.S.C. app.), effective Office to make its composition July 1, 1939. Executive Order 8248 compatible with the goals of their of September 8, 1939, established the administrations.

White House Office 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20500 Phone, 202–456–1414. Internet, http://www.whitehouse.gov.

Assistant to the President and Chief of Staff Denis R. McDonough Assistant to the President and Deputy Chief of Anita Decker Breckenridge Staff for Operations Assistant to the President and Deputy Chief of Kristie A. Canegallo Staff for Implementation Counselor to the President John D. Podesta Senior Advisor and Assistant to the President Valerie B. Jarrett for Intergovernmental Affairs and Public Engagement Senior Adviser and Assistant to the President for Daniel H. Pfeiffer Strategy and Communications Assistant to the President and National Security Susan E. Rice Adviser Assistant to the President and Deputy National Antony J. Blinken Security Adviser Assistant to the President and Deputy National Benjamin J. Rhodes Security Adviser, Strategic Communications and Speechwriting Assistant to the President and Cabinet Secretary Broderick D. Johnson Assistant to the President and Counsel to the Warren N. Eggleston President Assistant to the President and Director of Jennifer M. Palmieri Communications Assistant to the President and Director of Jonathan D. McBride Presidential Personnel Assistant to the President and Director of Katherine B. Fallon Legislative Affairs Assistant to the President and Director of Danielle M. White Scheduling and Advance Assistant to the President and Director of David M. Simas Political Strategy and Outreach Assistant to the President and Director of Cody S. Keenan Speechwriting Assistant to the President and Director of White Emmett S. Beliveau House Military Office Assistant to the President and Press Secretary Joshua R. Earnest Assistant to the President for Homeland Security Lisa O. Monaco and Counterterrorism Executive Branch: The President 83

Assistant to the President for Management and Katy A. Kale Administration Assistant to the President and Chief of Staff to Christina M. Tchen the First Lady

The White House Office serves the President in the performance of the many detailed activities incident to his immediate office.

The President’s staff facilitates and media, and the general public. The maintains communication with the various Assistants to the President aid Congress, the heads of executive the President in such matters as he may agencies, the press and other information direct.

Office of the Vice President Eisenhower Executive Office Building, Washington, DC 20501 Phone, 202–456–7549.

Assistant to the President and Chief of Staff to Steve Ricchetti the Vice President Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy Shailagh Murray Chief of Staff to the Vice President Deputy Assistant to the President and Chief of Sheila Nix Staff to Dr. Jill Biden Deputy Assistant to the President and National Jake Sullivan Security Advisor to the Vice President Deputy Assistant to the President and Director Sarah Bianchi of Economic and Domestic Policy to the Vice President Counsel to the Vice President Demetra Lambros Special Assistant to the President and Senior Greg Schultz Advisor to the Vice President Special Assistant to the President and Assistant Lise Clavel to the Vice President for Intergovernmental Affairs, Public Engagement, and Correspondence Special Assistant to the President and Senior Fran Person Personal Aide to the Vice President Special Assistant to the President and Deputy Anthony Bernal Chief of Staff to Dr. Jill Biden Special Assistant to the President and Director Sean O’Brien of Speechwriting for the Vice President Director of Administration to the Vice President Faisal Amin Director of Advance to the Vice President Chad Bolduc Director of Legislative Affairs to the Vice Tonya Williams President Director of Scheduling to the Vice President Alex Hornbrook Assistant to the Vice President Kathy Chung

The Office of the Vice President serves the Vice President in the performance of the many detailed activities incident to his immediate office. 84 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Council of Economic Advisers Seventeenth and Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20502 Phone, 202–395–5084. Internet, http://www.whitehouse.gov/cea.

Chairman Jason L. Furman Members Betsey A. Stevenson, James H. Stock

The Council of Economic Advisers performs an analysis and appraisal of the national economy for the purpose of providing policy recommendations to the President.

The Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) The Council analyzes the national was established in the Executive Office of economy and its various segments; the President by the Employment Act of advises the President on economic 1946 (15 U.S.C. 1023). It now functions developments; appraises the economic under that statute and Reorganization programs and policies of the Federal Plan No. 9 of 1953 (5 U.S.C. app.), Government; recommends to the effective August 1, 1953. President policies for economic growth The Chairman and two Members and stability; assists in the preparation of govern the Council. The Chairman the economic reports of the President to is appointed by the President and the Congress; and prepares the Annual confirmed by the United States Senate. Report of the Council of Economic The Members are appointed by the Advisers. President. For further information, contact the Council of Economic Advisers, Seventeenth and Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20502. Phone, 202–395–5084. Internet, http://www.whitehouse.gov/cea.

Council on Environmental Quality 722 Jackson Place NW., Washington, DC 20503 Phone, 202–395–5750 or 202–456–6224. Fax, 202–456–2710. Internet, http://www.whitehouse. gov/administration/eop/ceq.

Chair Michael J. Boots, Acting General Counsel Brenda Mallory Chief of Staff Lowry Crook Associate Director for Energy and Climate Richard D. Duke Change Associate Director for Communications Taryn L. Tuss Associate Director for Lands and Water Jay Jensen Ecosystems Associate Director for Legislative Affairs Trent Bauserman Associate Director for NEPA Oversight Horst Greczmiel Associate Director for Public Engagement Rohan Patel

The Council on Environmental Quality formulates and recommends national policies and initiatives to improve the environment.

The Council on Environmental Quality Act of 1970 (42 U.S.C. 4371 et seq.) (CEQ) was established within the established the Office of Environmental Executive Office of the President by the Quality (OEQ) to provide professional National Environmental Policy Act of and administrative support for the 1969 (NEPA) (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.). Council. The Council and OEQ are The Environmental Quality Improvement collectively referred to as the Council Executive Branch: The President 85 on Environmental Quality, and the CEQ Federal decisionmaking. As required by Chair, who is appointed by the President NEPA, CEQ evaluates, coordinates, and and confirmed by the Senate, serves as mediates Federal activities. It advises and the Director of OEQ. assists the President on both national The Council develops policies and international environmental policy which bring together the Nation’s matters. CEQ also oversees Federal social, economic, and environmental agency and department implementation priorities, with the goal of improving of NEPA. For further information, contact the Information Office, Council on Environmental Quality, 722 Jackson Place NW., Washington, DC 20503. Phone, 202–395–5750. Fax, 202–456–2710. Internet, http://www. whitehouse.gov/administration/eop/ceq.

National Security Council Eisenhower Executive Office Building, Washington, DC 20504 Phone, 202–456–1414. Internet, http://www.whitehouse.gov/nsc.

Members The President Barack Obama The Vice President Joseph R. Biden, Jr. The Secretary of State John F. Kerry The Secretary of Defense Charles T. Hagel Statutory Advisers Director of National Intelligence James R. Clapper Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff Gen. Martin E. Dempsey, USA Standing Participants The Secretary of the Treasury Jacob J. Lew Chief of Staff to the President Denis R. McDonough Counsel to the President Warren N. Eggleston National Security Adviser Susan E. Rice Assistant to the President for Economic Policy Jeffrey D. Zients Officials Assistant to the President for National Security Susan E. Rice Affairs Assistant to the President for National Security Antony J. Blinken Affairs and Deputy National Security Adviser

The National Security Council was the United Nations, the Assistant to the established by the National Security Act President for National Security Affairs, the of 1947, as amended (50 U.S.C. 402). Assistant to the President for Economic The Council was placed in the Executive Policy, and the Chief of Staff to the Office of the President by Reorganization President are invited to all meetings of Plan No. 4 of 1949 (5 U.S.C. app.). the Council. The Attorney General and The National Security Council is the Director of National Drug Control chaired by the President. Its statutory Policy are invited to attend meetings members, in addition to the President, pertaining to their jurisdictions; other are the Vice President and the Secretaries officials are invited, as appropriate. of State and Defense. The Chairman of The Council advises and assists the the Joint Chiefs of Staff is the statutory President in integrating all aspects of military adviser to the Council, and the national security policy as it affects Director of National Intelligence is its the United States—domestic, foreign, intelligence adviser. The Secretary of military, intelligence, and economic—in the Treasury, the U.S. Representative to 86 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL conjunction with the National Economic Council. For further information, contact the National Security Council, Eisenhower Executive Office Building, Washington, DC 20504. Phone, 202–456–1414. Internet, http://www.whitehouse.gov/nsc.

Office of Administration Eisenhower Executive Office Building, 1650 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 20503 Phone, 202–456–2861. Internet, http://www.whitehouse.gov/oa.

Director Elizabeth Jones Chief Administrative Officer Kristie Mark Chief Financial Officer Catherine Solomon Chief Information Officer Karen G. Britton Chief Procurement and Contract Management Althea Kireilis Officer Chief of Operations Services (vacancy) Director for Equal Employment Opportunity Clara M. Patterson General Counsel Hugh Brady The Office of Administration was provided include information, personnel, formally established within the Executive technology, and financial management; Office of the President by Executive data processing; library and research Order 12028 of December 12, 1977. The services; security; legislative liaisons; and Office provides administrative support general office operations such as mail, services to all units within the Executive messenger, printing, procurement, and Office of the President. The services supply services. For further information, contact the Office of the Director, Office of Administration, Washington, DC 20503. Phone, 202–456–2861. Internet, http://www.whitehouse.gov/oa.

Office of Management and Budget New Executive Office Building, Washington, DC 20503 Phone, 202–395–3080. Internet, http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb.

Director Shaun L.S. Donovan Deputy Director Brian C. Deese Deputy Director for Management Beth Cobert Associate Director for Management and Julie Miller Operations Administrator, Office of Federal Procurement Lesley Field, Acting Policy Administrator, Office of Information and Howard A. Shelanski Regulatory Affairs Assistant Director for Management and Lauren E. Wright Operations Assistant Director for Budget Courtney Timberlake Assistant Director for Legislative Reference Matthew Vaeth Associate Director for Communications Steven Posner Associate Director for Economic Policy Aviva Aron-Dine Associate Director for Education, Income Martha Coven Maintenance and Labor Executive Branch: The President 87

Associate Director for General Government Andrew Mayock Programs Associate Director for Information Technology Steven VanRoekel and E–Government Associate Director for Legislative Affairs Kristen Sarri Associate Director for National Security Steve Kosiak Programs Associate Director for Natural Resource Sally Ericsson Programs Controller, Office of Federal Financial David Arthur Mader Management General Counsel Geovette Washington Associate Director for Health Julian Harris Executive Associate Director (vacancy) Associate Director for Performance Lisa Danzig Management Intellectual Property Enforcement Coordinator Howard Shelanski, Acting

The Office of Management and Budget evaluates, formulates, and coordinates management procedures and program objectives within and among Federal departments and agencies. It also controls the administration of the Federal budget, while routinely providing the President with recommendations regarding budget proposals and relevant legislative enactments.

The Office of Management and Budget where necessary, preparing proposed (OMB), formerly the Bureau of the Executive orders and proclamations; to Budget, was established in the Executive plan and develop information systems Office of the President pursuant to that provide the President with program Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1939 (5 performance data; to plan, conduct, U.S.C. app.). and promote evaluation efforts that The Office’s primary functions are: to assist the President in assessing program assist the President in developing and objectives, performance, and efficiency; maintaining effective government by to keep the President informed of the reviewing the organizational structure progress of activities by Government and management procedures of the agencies with respect to work proposed, executive branch to ensure that the initiated, and completed, together with intended results are achieved; to assist the relative timing of work between the in developing efficient coordinating several agencies of the Government, all mechanisms to implement Government to the end that the work programs of the activities and to expand interagency several agencies of the executive branch cooperation; to assist the President in of the Government may be coordinated preparing the budget and in formulating and that the moneys appropriated by the Government’s fiscal program; to the Congress may be expended in supervise and control the administration the most economical manner, barring of the budget; to assist the President by overlapping and duplication of effort; clearing and coordinating departmental and to improve the economy, efficiency, advice on proposed legislation and by and effectiveness of the procurement making recommendations effecting processes by providing overall direction Presidential action on legislative of procurement policies, regulations, enactments, in accordance with procedures, and forms. past practice; to assist in developing regulatory reform proposals and programs Sources of Information for paperwork reduction, especially Employment Delegated examining reporting burdens of the public; to is used for filling positions, such assist in considering, clearing, and, 88 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL ANCH TMENT TERS BR T Y INVES DEFENSE ANCH ANCH DIVISION BR COMPU BR AND AND DIVISION AMS SUPPOR AIRS SECURIT Y AIRS AIRS AFF TIONS, AND AIRS AFF A ANCH ANCH CONTROL, TION ANCH AFF PROGR , ANCH ANCH AFF BR AL BR ANCH TIONAL TRUCTURE ANCH BR Y SECURIT BR BR S GEMENT TIONS TH BR NA ANS INTELLIGENCE POLICY TIONAL BR A OR T ANCH ANCH SIS TE A AND GENER Y ANTS TION A INFORMA BR HEAL COMMUNIC AND BR T A MANA TIONAL S ECONOMICS COMMAND OPER FORCE VETER GR AND POLICY ANAL INTERNA NA AND REGUL TECHNOLOGY TEMS ANCH OFFICES AND ENERGY LEGISL S AND Y Y TION BR AND AND S A Y T OR ANCH FINANCIAL PROCUREMENT AND T ARDS SCIENCE TION BR W AL AL ANCH TU A VERNMENT A POLICY POLICY L AND T AND BR , T S AL ANSPOR INTEGRIT S TURE RESOURCES, AL FINANCIAL ANCH FEDER FEDER E-GO TION TR DIVISION AND COMMERCE INFORMA TION AL AL TIC BR A OF OF OF TH, VERNMENT OF Y TR TIS AND GRICUL TUR A AMS VICES A GO VERNMENT T CQUISITION CQUISITION Y HOMEL FINANCIAL FINANCIAL S FEDER A A HEAL INFORMA NA TECHNOLOGY ANCH GO SER OFFICE OFFICE OFFICE OFFICE ANCH TIONAL/GENER ANCH BR SECURIT A AL ADMINIS ANCH TION, PROGR BR T A BR Y AND BR T TREASUR AND VICES GENER TICE TICE ANSPOR DIVISION SER ANSPOR HOUSING TREASUR JUS COMMERCE JUS TR HOMEL HOUSING, TR OR BUDGET OR GEMENT ANCH OFFICES DIRECT AND BR Y AND DIRECT T A T VICE MANA A TE D OR SER ANCH AMS TH GEMENT DEPU FOR BR ANCE, ANCH ANCH HEAL TH HUMAN GEMENT UNIT PROGR BR BR DIRECT ASSOCIA MANA INSUR HEAL SIS AND Y AID ARE DIVISION TH TH Y OR TIVE TH T ANAL MANA HEAL HEAL MEDIC MEDIC PUBLIC HEAL OF DEPU EXECU DIRECT RESOURCE ANCH OFFICE AMS BR MAINTENANCE MAINTENANCE PROGR ANCH ANCH DIVISION TIONS BR INCOME GEMENT BR A ABOR INCOME ANCH L MAINTENANCE DIVISION DIVISION BR TION ABOR A TION, MANA DIVISION L AND TION, A TIONAL ANCH AL A OFFICES ANS TEMS ABOR BR T S AND EDUC INCOME L COMMUNIC Y EDUC TIONS S EDUC DIVISION A GENER INTERNA CONCEPTS AMS VETER AND ANCH AND PERSONNEL SUPPOR OPER AND BR TION, SIS PROGR A AIRS Y AND DEFENSE, AND SCIENCE, ANNING DIVISION AFF REFERENCE POLICY PL ANAL REVIEW EDUC COUNSEL OMB-WIDE SOCIAL TER REVIEW ANCH TIVE TIVE A ANCH TH, VERNMENT A A AL BR W GEMENT DIVISION TEGIC BR AND GO A AMS CE ANCH BUDGET RESOURCES, ECONOMIC, HEAL BUDGET ANCH H A TR AND RESOURCE C GENER LEGISL S BUDGET MANA ECONOMIC LEGISL PERFORMANCE WER BR BR SP N AL A PO ANCH R PROGR B AND TUR BR TURE RESOURCES AND SCIENCE NA , AL TER A GRICUL TUR W A ENERGY SCIENCE ENVIRONMENT INTERIOR NA ENERGY Executive Branch: The President 89 as economist, program examiners, Phone, 202–395–3080. Fax, 202–395– and program analyst. Inquiries on 3504. Internet, http://www.whitehouse. employment should be directed to the gov/omb/contact. Human Resources Division, Office of Publications The Budget of the U.S. Administration, Washington, DC 20500. Government and The Budget System Phone, 202–395–1088. and Concepts are available for sale Inquiries Contact the Management by the Superintendent of Documents, and Operations Division, Office of Government Printing Office, Washington, Management and Budget, New Executive DC 20402. Office Building, Washington, DC 20503. For further information, contact the Office of Management and Budget, New Executive Office Building, Washington, DC 20503. Phone, 202–395–3080. Internet, http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb.

Office of National Drug Control Policy Executive Office of the President, Washington, DC 20503 Phone, 202–395–6700. Fax, 202–395–6708. Internet, http://www.ondcp.gov.

Director Michael P. Botticelli, Acting Senior Policy Adviser René N. Hanna Correspondence Manager Virlena Cooper-Briscoe Deputy Director Michael P. Botticelli Chief of Staff Regina M. LaBelle Deputy Chief of Staff Jon E. Rice, Acting Deputy Director for Demand Reduction David K. Mineta Assistant Deputy Director for Demand June S. Sivilli Reduction Deputy Director for State, Local, and Tribal Benjamin B. Tucker Affairs Staff Director for State, Local, and Tribal Affairs Mary F. Hyland Director, High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area Michael Gottlieb (HIDTA) Program Drug-Free Communities Grants Program (vacancy) Administrator Deputy Director for Supply Reduction Marilyn A. Quagliotti Assistant Deputy Director for Supply Reduction Gerard K. Burns, Acting Associate Director for Performance and Budget Jon E. Rice Associate Director for Legislative Affairs (vacancy) Program Support Specialist for Legislative (vacancy) Affairs Associate Director for Public Affairs Rafael E. LeMaitre Associate Director for Management and Michele C. Marx Administration General Counsel Jeffrey J. Teitz Associate Director for Research/Data Analysis Terry E. Zobeck Associate Director for Intergovernmental Public Kathryn A. Greene Affairs

The Office of National Drug Control Policy assists the President in establishing policies, priorities, and objectives in the National Drug Control Strategy. It also provides budget, program, and policy recommendations on the efforts of National Drug Control Program agencies. 90 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL The Office of National Drug Control reports, and a program budget, which Policy was established by the National the President submits to Congress. The Narcotics Leadership Act of 1988 (21 Director advises the President regarding U.S.C. 1501 et seq.), effective January necessary changes in the organization, 29, 1989, reauthorized through the management, budgeting, and personnel Office of National Drug Control Policy allocation of Federal agencies monitoring Reauthorization Act of 1988 (21 U.S.C. drug activities. The Director also notifies 1701 et seq.), and again reauthorized Federal agencies if their policies do not through the Office of National Drug comply with their responsibilities under Control Policy Reauthorization Act of the National Drug Control Strategy. 2006 (21 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.). Additionally, the Office has direct The Director of National Drug Control programmatic responsibility for the Drug- Policy is appointed by the President with Free Communities Support Program and the advice and consent of the Senate. the High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas The Director is assisted by five statutorily- Program. recognized Presidential appointees: a Deputy Director, a Deputy Director for Sources of Information Demand Reduction, a Deputy Director Employment Inquiries regarding for Supply Reduction, and a Deputy employment should be directed to the Director for State, Local, and Tribal Personnel Section, Office of National Drug Affairs. Control Policy. Phone, 202–395–6695. The Director is responsible for Publications To receive publications establishing policies, objectives, on drugs and crime control policies, priorities, and performance access specific drug-related data, obtain measurements for the National Drug customized bibliographic searches, and Control Program, as well as for annually learn more about data availability and promulgating the President’s National other information resources, visit the Drug Control Strategy, other related ONDCP Web site. drug control strategies, supporting For further information, contact the Office of National Drug Control Policy, Executive Office of the President, Washington, DC 20503. Phone, 202–395–6700. Fax, 202–395–6708. Internet, http://www. whitehouse.gov/ondcp.

Office of Policy Development

The Office of Policy Development is comprised of the Domestic Policy Council and the National Economic Council, which are responsible for advising and assisting the President in the formulation, coordination, and implementation of domestic and economic policy. The Office of Policy Development also provides support for other policy development and implementation activities as directed by the President.

Domestic Policy Council Room 469, Eisenhower Executive Office Building, Washington, DC 20502 Phone, 202–456–5594. Internet, http://www.whitehouse.gov/dpc.

Assistant to the President and Director of the Cecilia Munoz Domestic Policy Council The Domestic Policy Council domestic policy agenda and ensures was established August 16, 1993, coordination and communication among by Executive Order 12859. The the heads of relevant Federal offices and Council oversees development and agencies. implementation of the President’s Executive Branch: The President 91 National Economic Council Room 235, Eisenhower Executive Office Building, Washington, DC 20502 Phone, 202–456–2800. Internet, http://www.whitehouse.gov/nec.

Assistant to the President for Economic Policy Jeffrey D. Zients and Director of the National Economic Council The National Economic Council was President. The Council also ensures that created January 25, 1993, by Executive economic policy decisions and programs Order 12835, to coordinate the are consistent with the President’s stated economic policymaking process and goals, and monitors the implementation provide economic policy advice to the of the President’s economic goals.

Office of Science and Technology Policy Eisenhower Executive Office Building, 1650 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20504 Phone, 202–456–7116. Fax, 202–456–6021. Internet, http://www.ostp.gov.

Director John P. Holdren Chief of Staff Rick Siger Deputy Chief of Staff and Assistant Director Ted Wackler General Counsel Rachael Leonard Operations Manager/Security Officer Stacy Murphy Assistant Director, Federal Research and Kei Koizumi Development Assistant Director, Legislative Affairs Donna Pignatelli Assistant Director, Strategic Communications Kristin Lee Chief Technology Officer Todd Park Deputy Chief Technology Officers Nick Sinai, Jennifer Pahlka, Nicole Wong Deputy Chief Technology Officer, Tom Power Telecommunications Associate Director for Environment and Energy (vacancy) Principal Assistant Director for Environment Tammy Dickinson and Energy Assistant Director, Clean Energy and Materials Cyrus Wadia Research and Development Assistant Director, Environmental Information Peter Colohan Assistant Director, Ocean Sciences Bradley Moran Assistant Director, Environmental Health Bruce Rodan Assistant Director, Polar Sciences Brendan Kelly Associate Director, National Security and Patricia Falcone International Affairs NSIA Staff Director and Assistant Director for Reed Skaggs Defense Programs Assistant Director, Biological and Chemical Andrew Hebbeler Threats Assistant Director, Nuclear Matters Cindy Atkins-Duffin Assistant Director, Intelligence Programs Michael Johnson Assistant Director, Cybersecurity Tim Polk Associate Director for Science Jo Emily Handelsman 92 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Principal Assistant Director for Science and Philip Rubin Assistant Director for Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences Assistant Director, Biotechnology Mike Stebbins Assistant Director, Forensic Science Tania Simoncelli Assistant Director, Nanotechnology Altaf Carim Assistant Director, Physical Sciences Gerald Blazey Deputy Director for Technology and Innovation Tom Kalil Assistant Director, Grand Challenges Cristin Dorgelo Assistant Director, Robotics and Cyber-Physical Richard Voyles Systems Assistant Director, Space and Aeronautics Richard DalBello Assistant Director, Global Health Robynn Steffen Assistant Director, Learning and Innovation Kumar Garg Assistant Director, Telecommunications Nick Maynard Assistant Director, Entrepreneurship Douglas Rand Executive Director, President’s Council of Marjory Blumenthal Advisers on Science and Technology Executive Director, National Science and Jayne Morrow Technology Council Director, Nanotechnology National Lloyd Whitman Coordination Office Director, Networking and Information George Strawn Technology Research and Development National Coordination Office Director, United States Global Change Research Thomas Armstrong Program National Coordination Office The Office of Science and Technology considerations involved in areas of national Policy was established within the concern, including the economy, national Executive Office of the President by the security, health, foreign relations, and National Science and Technology Policy, the environment; evaluates the scale, Organization, and Priorities Act of 1976 quality, and effectiveness of the Federal (42 U.S.C. 6611). effort in science and technology; provides The Office supports the President advice and assistance to the President, the by serving as a source of scientific, Office of Management and Budget, and engineering, and technological analysis Federal agencies throughout the Federal and judgment on major policies, plans, and budget development process; and assists programs of the Federal Government. In the President in providing leadership and carrying out its mission, the Office advises coordination for the Federal Government’s the President of scientific and technological research and development programs. For further information, contact the Office of Science and Technology Policy, Eisenhower Executive Office Building, 1650 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20504. Phone, 202–456–4444. Fax, 202–456– 6021. Internet, http://www.ostp.gov.

Office of the United States Trade Representative 600 Seventeenth Street NW., Washington, DC 20508 Phone, 202–395–3230. Internet, http://www.ustr.gov.

United States Trade Representative Michael Froman Deputy U.S. Trade Representatives (Washington) Wendy Cutler, Acting, (vacancy) Deputy U.S. Trade Representative (Geneva) Michael Punke Chief of Staff Matthew Vogel Executive Branch: The President 93

General Counsel Timothy Reif Chief Agricultural Negotiator (vacancy) Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for Fred Ames Administration Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for Sharon Bomer Lauritsen Agricultural Affairs Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for Barbara Weisel Southeast Asia and the Pacific Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for Hun Quach Congressional Affairs Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for Trade Douglas Bell Policy and Economic Affairs Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for Jennifer Prescott Environment and Natural Resources Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for Europe Daniel Mullaney and the Middle East Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for Small James Sanford Business, Market Access and Industrial Competitiveness Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for Jewel James Intergovernmental Affairs and Public Engagement Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for Japan, Wendy Cutler Korea, and Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Affairs Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for China Claire Reade Affairs Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for Central Michael Delaney and South Asian Affairs Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for Juan Millan, Acting Monitoring and Enforcement Director for Interagency Trade Enforcement Bradford Ward Center Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for Africa Florizelle Liser Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for Services Christine Bliss and Investment Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for Probir Mehta, Acting Intellectual Property and Innovation Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for Labor Lewis Karesh Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for World Mark Linscott Trade Organization (WTO) and Multilateral Affairs Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for the John Melle Western Hemisphere Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for Public Matthew McAlvanah and Media Affairs Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for Textiles Gail Strickler Deputy Chief of Mission (Geneva) Chris Wilson

The United States Trade Representative is responsible for directing all trade negotiations of and formulating trade policy for the United States.

The Office of the United States Trade Negotiations by Executive Order 11075 Representative was created as the Office of January 15, 1963. The Trade Act of of the Special Representative for Trade 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2171) established the 94 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

INTERAGENCY TRADE ENFORCEMENT CENTER

EAST AIRS AND AFF OPE MIDDLE WESTERN EU R HEMISPHERE L ABOR THE ADE TION T R TIVE A Y TES A S T DEPU T Y ADMINISTR A REPRESEN T T UNITED AND OPE R TION AND A P R CESS C AL B USINESS, A VICES INNO V INDUSTRIAL INVES T MENT SE R OMPETITIVENESS SMALL C AND AIRS F MARKET INTELLECT U AF TIVE A AIRS ADE AND T R AFF TIVE ADE CONGRESSIONAL A Y A) V TR AL TION TES A TER S T DEPU T (GENE TIL A WORLD GANIZA REPRESEN T POLICY OR UNITED MUL REPRESEN T ECONOMICS TRADE AND TIVE TRADE A TRADE AFF S T TES A OF TES A S T S T CHIEF AL REPRESEN T PUBLIC AL AL POLICY UNITED OR AND T Y TUR UNITED TU R AND TI A AIRS CHIEF A ffairs GRICUL AIRS AFF ENGAGEMENT GRICU L NEG O A THE A OMMODIT C AFF

INTERGOVERNMENT OF AND TES ASIA OFFICE A AIRS TIVE COUNSEL CES CES A S T AND AND AFF SOUTH AND ORING AIRS ONOMIC EC AFF RESOU R TION RESOUR AND UNITED A ENFORCEMENT OREA, AL ONMENT K AL MONI T ONMENT AL GENERAL REPRESEN T CIFIC ANT C ORPORATION ASIAN A AN, TU R TUR P ORPOR ADE

ENVI R ENVIR C N A NA CENTR JAP T R ADE ASSIS T T R TIVE A Y TES A S T DEPU T REPRESEN T UNITED AND AIRS AIRS AFF ASIA CIFIC AFF A TEXTILES P AN THE CHINA AFRIC SOUTHEAST MEDIA AIRS AND AF F PUBLIC Executive Branch: The President 95 Office as an agency of the Executive investment issues concerning barriers to Office of the President charged with investment. administering the trade agreements The Omnibus Trade and program. Competitiveness Act of 1988 codified The Office is responsible for setting these prior authorities and added and administering overall trade policy. additional authority, including the It also provides that the United States implementation of section 301 actions Trade Representative shall be chief (regarding enforcement of U.S. rights representative of the United States for the under international trade agreements). following: all activities concerning the The Office is headed by the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade; United States Trade Representative, a discussions, meetings, and negotiations Cabinet-level official with the rank of in the Organization for Economic Ambassador, who is directly responsible Cooperation and Development when to the President. There are three Deputy such activities deal primarily with trade United States Trade Representatives, and commodity issues; negotiations who also hold the rank of Ambassador, in the U.N. Conference on Trade and two located in Washington and one Development and other multilateral in Geneva. The Chief Agricultural institutions when such negotiations deal Negotiator also holds the rank of primarily with trade and commodity Ambassador. issues; other bilateral and multilateral The United States Trade Representative negotiations when trade, including serves as an ex officio member of the East-West trade, or commodities is Boards of Directors of the Export- the primary issue; negotiations under Import Bank and the Overseas Private sections 704 and 734 of the Tariff Act of Investment Corporation and serves 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1671c and 1673c); and on the National Advisory Council for negotiations concerning direct investment International Monetary and Financial incentives and disincentives and bilateral Policy. For further information, contact the Office of Public Affairs, Office of the United States Trade Representative, 600 Seventeenth Street NW., Washington, DC 20506. Phone, 202–395–3230. Internet, http://www.ustr.gov.

EXECUTIVE BRANCH: DEPARTMENTS

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1400 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20250 Phone, 202–720–4623. Internet, http://www.usda.gov.

Secretary of Agriculture Thomas J. Vilsack Deputy Secretary Krysta L. Harden Director, Office of Communications Matt Paul Inspector General Phyllis K. Fong General Counsel Ramona Romero Assistant Secretary for Congressional Relations Todd A. Batta Assistant Secretary for Administration Gregory Parham Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights Joe Leonard Chief Information Officer Cheryl Cook Chief Financial Officer Jon Holladay, Acting Chief Economist Joseph Glauber Director, Office of Budget and Program Analysis Mike Young Under Secretary for Natural Resources and Robert Bonnie Environment Chief, Forest Service Thomas Tidwell Chief, Natural Resources Conservation Service Jason Weller Under Secretary for Farm and Foreign Michael Scuse Agricultural Services Administrator, Farm Service Agency Juan Garcia Administrator, Foreign Agricultural Service Phil Karsting Administrator, Risk Management Agency Brandon Willis Under Secretary for Rural Development Doug O’Brien, Acting Administrator, Rural Business-Cooperative Lillian Salerno Service Administrator, Rural Housing Service Tony Hernandez Administrator, Rural Utilities Service John C. Padalino Under Secretary for Food, Nutrition, and Kevin Concannon Consumer Services Administrator, Food and Nutrition Service Audrey Rowe Director, Center for Nutrition Policy and Jackie Haven Promotion Under Secretary for Food Safety Brian Ronholm, Acting Administrator, Food Safety and Inspection Alfred V. Almanza Service Under Secretary for Research, Education, and Catherine Woteki Economics Administrator, Agricultural Research Service Chavonda Jacobs-Young 97 98 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL a source of capital that promotes job technologies for the development of growth and economic development. advanced biofuels. Rural Business Enterprise Grant Internet, http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/BCP_ Program The Rural Business Enterprise Biorefinery.html. Grant Program (RBEG) provides grants for rural projects that fund and facilitate Repowering Assistance Program ​ the development of small and emerging This program provides payments to businesses, business incubators, biorefineries in existence as of June 18, employment, and related adult education 2008. These biorefineries use renewable programs. Eligible organizations include biomass to replace the fossil fuel used to rural public entities (towns, communities, produce heat or power biorefineries. State agencies, and authorities), Advanced Biofuel Repayment Program ​ Native American tribes, and nonprofit The program provides payments to corporations. producers to support and expand Rural Economic Development Loan production of advanced biofuels refined and Grant Program The REDLoan from sources other than corn kernel program provides zero-interest loans to starch. local utilities, which the utilities provide Rural Energy for America Program ​ to local businesses (ultimate recipients) The Rural Energy for America Program for projects that will create and retain (REAP) provides loan guarantees and employment in rural areas. The ultimate grants to agricultural producers and recipients repay the lending utility rural small businesses so they can install directly, and the utility repays the loan to renewable energy systems, make energy the agency. efficiency improvements, conduct The REDGrant program provides grant energy audits, provide renewable energy funds to local utility organizations, which development assistance, and conduct they use to establish revolving loan funds. feasibility studies for renewable energy Each utility provides loans through a systems. revolving loan fund for projects that will Delta Health Care Services Grant create or retain rural jobs. Program This program provides Rural Microenterprise Assistance financial assistance to address the Program This program supports the continued unmet health needs in 252 development and ongoing success counties and parishes in parts of 8 States of rural microentrepreneurs and through cooperation among health microenterprises by providing loans care professionals, institutions of higher and grants to Micro Development education, research institutions, and Organizations (MDOs). MDOs use the other entities in the Delta Region. loan funds to establish or recapitalize Internet, http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/BCP_ a Rural Microloan Revolving Fund DeltaHealthCare.html. and grants funds to provide training Rural Business Opportunity Grant and technical assistance to support the Program This program promotes development of new microenterprises sustainable economic development in and successful continuing operation and rural communities with exceptional growth of rural microenterprises. needs. Recipients use the grants to Organizations eligible to become fund community- and technology- MDOs are nonprofit entities, Native based economic development projects, American tribes, and public institutions feasibility studies, leadership and of higher education that have a record of entrepreneur training, rural business successfully delivering such services or incubators, and long-term business that have a credible plan to develop an strategic planning. effective program to deliver them. Rural Cooperative Development Grant Biorefinery Assistance Program This Program This program provides grants program provides loan guarantees to public, nonprofit organizations and for the development, construction, institutions of higher learning so they and retrofitting of new and emerging Department of Agriculture 99

Director, National Institute of Food and Sonny Ramaswamy Agriculture Administrator, Economic Research Service Mary Bohman Director, National Agricultural Library Simon Y. Liu Administrator, National Agricultural Statistics Joe Reilly Service Under Secretary for Marketing and Regulatory Edward M. Avalos Programs Administrator, Agricultural Marketing Service Anne Alonzo Administrator, Animal and Plant Health Kevin Shea Inspection Service Administrator, Grain Inspection, Packers, and Larry Mitchell Stockyards Administration Chief Judge, Administrative Law Judges Peter Davenport [For the Department of Agriculture statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 7, Part 2]

The Department of Agriculture develops agricultural markets, fights hunger and malnutrition, conserves natural resources, and ensures standards of food quality through safeguards and inspections.

The Department of Agriculture (USDA) underserved rural areas, USDA’s Rural was created by an act of Congress Business-Cooperative Service provides on May 15, 1862 (7 U.S.C. 2201). In loan guarantees, direct loans, and grants carrying out its work in the program to rural businesses, cooperatives, farmers, mission areas, USDA relies on the and ranchers, often in partnership with support of departmental administration private sector lenders. The following is staff, as well as the Office of the a list and description of USDA’s Rural Chief Financial Officer, Office of the Development business and cooperative Chief Information Officer, Office of programs. Communications, Office of Congressional Business and Industry Guaranteed and Intergovernmental Relations, Office Loan Program This program creates of the Inspector General, and the Office jobs and stimulates the rural economy of the General Counsel. by providing financial backing to rural businesses. Borrowers use loan Rural Development proceeds for working capital, machinery USDA’s rural development mission is to and equipment, buildings, real estate, increase the economic opportunities of and certain types of debt refinancing. rural Americans and improve their quality A borrower may be a cooperative of life. To accomplish this, USDA works organization, corporation, partnership, to foster new cooperative relationships nonprofit corporation, Native American among Government, industry, and tribe, federally recognized tribal group, communities. As a capital investment public body, or individual. bank, USDA provides financing for Intermediary Relending Program ​ rural housing and community facilities, This program provides capital to rural business and cooperative development, areas through low-interest and direct telephone and high-speed Internet loans made to nonprofit corporations, access, electric, water, and sewer public agencies, Native American infrastructure. Approximately 800 Rural groups, and certain corporations Development field offices, staffed by (intermediaries). These intermediaries 7,000 employees, provide frontline establish revolving loan funds so they delivery of rural development loan and can relend the money to businesses in grant programs at the local level. economically and socially disadvantaged Rural Business-Cooperative Service ​ rural communities. The process creates To meet business credit needs in 100 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL ANALYSIS

SECRETARY FOR UNDER SECRETARY OF BUDGET AND FOR MARKETING AND GRICULTURAL MARKETING REGULATORY PROGRAMS A SERVICE ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE GRAIN INSPECTION PACKERS AND STOCKYARDS ADMINISTRATION CIVIL RIGHTS FOR CIVIL RIGHTS PROGRAM OFFICE ASSISTANT ASSISTANT SECRETARY OFFICER

SECRETARY AND ECONOMICS UNDER SECRETARY OF THE CHIEF GRICULTURAL RESEARCH A SERVICE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ECONOMIC RESEARCH SERVICE NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL LIBRARY NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS SERVICE FOR RESEARCH, EDUCATION, RELATIONS FINANCIAL FOR CONGRESIONAL OFFICE ASSISTANT FOR FOOD SAFETY UNDER SECRETARY

FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE

SECRETARY OFFICER CHIEF INFORMATION FOR ADMINISTRATION ASSISTANT SECRETARY UNDER SECRETARY FOR FOOD, NUTRITION, FOR FOOD, NUTRITION FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE CENTER FOR NUTRITION POLICY AND PROMOTION DEPUTY SECRETARY AND CONSUMER SERVICES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GENERAL COUNSEL UNDER SECRETARY DIVISION FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE RURAL HOUSING SERVICE RURAL BUSINESS COOPERATIVE SERVICE DIRECTOR, NATIONAL APPEALS INSPECTOR GENERAL UNDER SECRETARY FOR FARM AND FOREIGN ARM SERVICE AGENCY AGRICULTURAL SERVICES CHIEF F FOREIGN AGRICULTURAL SERVICE RISK MANAGEMENT AGENCY ECONOMIST DIRECTOR OF COMMUNICATIONS UNDER SECRETARY AND ENVIRONMENT FOR NATURAL RESOURCES FOREST SERVICE NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE Department of Agriculture 101 can establish and operate centers for provides financial and management cooperative development. assistance through the following services: Small Socially-Disadvantaged guaranteed single-family housing (SFH) Producer Grant Program This program loans that guarantee loans made by provides technical assistance to small commercial lenders to moderate-income socially-disadvantaged agricultural rural residents with sufficient income producers in rural areas. and acceptable credit, who may lack the Value-Added Producer Grant down payment to secure a loan without Program The Value-Added Producer assistance; direct SFH loans made Grant program encourages independent available to people with incomes less agricultural producers to refine or than 80 percent of area median, to build, enhance their raw products into purchase, and repair rural homes; home marketable goods, which increases the improvement and repair loans and grants value of the product and the returns to for owner-occupants to remove health producers. and safety hazards from a home; mutual Cooperative Programs Cooperative self-help housing technical assistance Programs research helps farmers and rural grants for nonprofit organizations and communities become self-reliant through public bodies to help groups of six to the use of cooperative organizations. eight lower income families to build Studies support cooperatives that market their own homes by providing “sweat farm products, purchase production equity,” which reduces the families’ supplies, and perform related business mortgages; rural housing site loans for services. These studies concentrate on private or public nonprofit organizations the financial, organizational, legal, social, to purchase sites for the development of and economic aspects of cooperative housing for lower income families; direct activity. Technical assistance and and guaranteed multifamily housing research help businesses effectively loans for private nonprofit corporations, improve cooperative performance by consumer cooperatives, State or local organizing new cooperatives, merging public agencies, and individuals or existing cooperatives, changing business organizations operating on a nonprofit structures, and developing strategies for or limited profit basis to provide rental growth. Applied research gives farmers or cooperative housing in rural areas for and rural communities expert assistance persons of very low, low, and moderate pertaining to their cooperatives. income; farm labor housing loans and The Cooperative Programs research grants enabling farmers, public or private staff collects and publishes statistics on nonprofit organizations, or units of local cooperative activity in U.S. agriculture government to build, buy, or rehabilitate and provides research for USDA/Rural farm labor housing; housing preservation Development’s “Rural Cooperatives,” a grants made to a public body or public or bimonthly magazine on developments private nonprofit organization to provide and research in the field of cooperative assistance to homeowners and landlords management. to repair and rehabilitate housing for Rural Housing Programs Rural lower income families in rural areas; Development provides affordable rental housing for the homeless, SFH real housing, homeownership opportunities, estate-owned (REO) property to nonprofit and essential community facilities organizations or public bodies for to rural Americans through a broad transitional housing for the homeless and array of direct loan, guarantee, and to the Federal Emergency Management grant programs. Rural residents and Agency to house families affected communities may inquire about any of by natural disasters; and community these programs through local and State program loans, direct and guaranteed rural development offices. It provides loans, and grants for public and quasi- assistance that enables low- and very public bodies, nonprofit associations, low-income rural Americans to live in and Indian tribes for essential community safe and decent rental housing. It also facilities such as health care centers, 102 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL public safety buildings and vehicles, and bodies to provide technical assistance childcare centers. and training to rural areas and towns to Internet, http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/LP_Subject_ reduce or eliminate pollution of water HousingAndCommunityAssistance.html. resources and improve planning and management of solid waste facilities. Rural Utilities Programs Rural The rural water circuit rider technical Development helps rural electric and assistance program provides technical telecommunications utilities in obtaining assistance to rural water systems financing and administers a nationwide to solve operational, financial, and water and waste loan and grant program management challenges. The distance to improve the quality of life and promote learning and telemedicine program economic development in rural America. provides financing to help rural schools A total of 890 rural electric and 800 and health care providers purchase or rural telecommunications utilities in 47 improve telecommunications facilities States, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and equipment to bring educational and Guam, the Republic of the Marshall medical resources to rural areas that Islands, the Northern Mariana Islands, otherwise might be unavailable. Rural and the Federated States of Micronesia Development also guarantees loans from have received financial assistance. It the Department of the Treasury’s Federal also provides assistance through the Financing Bank (FFB), which lends to programs that are mentioned here. The borrowers, primarily for large-scale electric program provides loans for electric and telecommunication facilities. furnishing and improving electric service It may also guarantee electric and to persons in rural areas, including telecommunications loans from private construction of electric generating plants, sources. transmission and distribution lines, on- and off-grid renewable energy systems, For further information, contact the Rural Development Legislative and Public Affairs Staff, and conservation and energy efficiency Department of Agriculture, Stop 0705, 1400 improvements to provide reliable Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20250– electric service. The telecommunications 0320. Phone, 202–720–4323. Internet, http://www. program provides loans and grants to rurdev.usda.gov/Utilities_Assistance.html. improve telecommunications service and high-speed Internet access in rural Marketing and Regulatory Programs areas. The water and waste direct and This mission area includes marketing guaranteed loan program provides and regulatory programs other than those assistance to develop water and concerned with food safety. wastewater systems, including solid Agricultural Marketing Service ​ waste disposal and storm drainage in The Agricultural Marketing Service rural areas, cities, and towns. Water and was established by the Secretary of waste disposal grants assist in reducing Agriculture on April 2, 1972, under the water and waste disposal costs to a authority of Reorganization Plan No. reasonable level for users of the system. 2 of 1953 (5 U.S.C. app.) and other Emergency community water assistance authorities. The Service administers grants provide assistance to rural standardization, auditing, grading, communities experiencing a significant certification, market news, marketing decline in quantity or quality of drinking orders, research and promotion, and water. Technical assistance and training regulatory programs. grants are available to nonprofit Audit Services The Service provides organizations to provide rural water and a wide range of voluntary, user-fee audit- waste system officials with technical based programs that facilitate the global assistance and training on a wide range marketing of agricultural products. The of issues relating to the delivery of water Service develops and maintains audit and waste service to rural residents. Solid programs, conducts direct and indirect waste management grants are available audits, and serves as third-party unbiased for nonprofit organizations and public contract auditors to verify specified Department of Agriculture 103 product, process, or system requirements, also develops and establishes specific such as production, processing, and laboratory approval programs for private handling requirements for the agricultural laboratories that test for a specific analyte industry. in agriculture commodities for various Market News The Service provides industries or stakeholders. current, unbiased information to Food Quality Assurance Under a producers, processors, distributors, Governmentwide quality assurance and others to assist them in the orderly program, the Service is responsible marketing and distribution of farm for the development and revision of commodities. Information is collected specifications used by Federal agencies on supplies, shipments, prices, location, in procuring food for military and quality, condition, and other market data civilian uses. The Service coordinates on farm products in specific markets and and approves certification programs marketing areas. The data is disseminated designed to ensure that purchased globally via the Internet and other products conform to the specification electronic means. The Service also assists requirements. other countries in developing their own Internet, http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/ marketing information systems. standards. Standardization, Grading, and Classing ​ Nearly 600 grade standards have been Regulatory Programs The Service established for some 230 agricultural administers several regulatory programs commodities to help buyers and sellers designed collectively to protect trade on agreed-upon quality levels. producers, handlers, and consumers of Standards are developed with assistance agricultural commodities from financial from individuals outside the Department, loss or personal injury resulting from particularly from those involved with careless, deceptive, or fraudulent the industries directly affected. The marketing practices. Such regulatory Service also participates in developing programs encourage fair trading practices international commodity standards to in the marketing of fruits and vegetables facilitate trade. Grading and classing and require truth in seed labeling and in services are provided to certify the grade advertising. The Service also monitors the and quality of products. These grading disposition of restricted shell eggs. services are provided to buyers and Marketing Agreements and Orders ​ sellers of live cattle, swine, sheep, meat, The Service administers marketing poultry, eggs, rabbits, fruits, vegetables, agreements and orders to establish and tree nuts, peanuts, dairy products, maintain orderly marketing conditions tobacco, and other miscellaneous food for certain commodities. Milk marketing products. Classing services are provided orders establish minimum prices that to buyers and sellers of cotton and handlers or distributors are required cotton products. These services are to pay producers. Programs for fruits, mainly voluntary and are provided upon vegetables, and related specialty crops request and for a fee. The Service is also like nuts and spearmint oil promote responsible for testing seed. product quality control and help stabilize Laboratory Testing and Laboratory supplies and market prices. In some Approval Services The Service cases, they also authorize research and provides microbiological, chemical, market development activities, including and other scientific laboratory support advertising supported by assessments to its commodity and food procurement that handlers pay. Through the orderly programs, testing peanuts for aflatoxin marketing of commodities facilitated and seeds for germination and purity. by these programs, the interests of both The Service also carries out quality producers and consumers are protected. assurance and safety oversight activities Plant Variety Protection Program ​ for its milk market laboratories, resident The Service administers a program that grading programs, and State and private provides for the issuance of certificates of laboratory programs. The Service plant variety protection. These certificates 104 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL afford developers of novel varieties of marketing and distribution opportunities sexually reproduced plants exclusive for U.S. agricultural products through rights to sell, reproduce, import, or a combination of applied research, export such varieties, or use them in marketing grants, and technical services, the production of hybrids or different such as designing marketing facilities, varieties for a period of 20 years for conducting infrastructure assessments, nonwoody plants and 25 years for woody feasibility studies, and providing plants. information to States, municipalities, and Research and Promotion Programs ​ others regarding funding and business The Service monitors certain industry- resources for strengthening local and sponsored research, promotion, and regional food enterprises. information programs authorized by Pesticide Data Program The Service Federal laws. These programs provide also administers the Pesticide Data farmers and processors with a means to Program, which, in cooperation with finance and operate various research, States, samples and analyzes over 30 promotion, and information activities for agricultural commodities in the U.S. agricultural products, including cotton, food supply for pesticide residue. It potatoes, soybeans, sorghum, peanuts, shares residue test results with the popcorn, mushrooms, blueberries, Environmental Protection Agency and processed raspberries, avocados, other public agencies. mangoes, watermelon, honey, eggs, milk Pesticide Recordkeeping and dairy products, beef, pork, lamb, and Program The Service manages the softwood lumber. Pesticide Recordkeeping Program in Transportation Programs The coordination with State agencies and Service provides insightful information the Environmental Protection Agency. and analysis on the transportation of The Service has developed educational agricultural products. Work products are programs and works with State agencies used by agricultural shippers to make in inspecting applicator records. better decisions and thereby improve For further information, contact the Public Affairs farm income, expand exports, and better Staff, Agricultural Marketing Service, Department utilize the transportation system to meet of Agriculture, Room 2532, South Agriculture the growing needs of rural America. Building, Stop 0273, 1400 Independence Ave, SW., Washington, DC 20250. Phone, 202–720–8998. Analysis is provided to Federal, State, and local decisionmakers and to agricultural Animal and Plant Health Inspection shippers on policy matters related to Service [For the Animal and Plant agricultural and rural transportation. Health Inspection Service statement of The program also provides technical organization, see the Code of Federal assistance and information on agricultural Regulations, Title 7, Part 371] and food transportation for producers, The Animal and Plant Health shippers, rural communities, carriers, Inspection Service (APHIS) was Government agencies, and universities. reestablished by the Secretary of National Organic Program Through Agriculture on March 14, 1977, pursuant the National Organic Program, the to authority contained in 5 U.S.C. 301 Service develops, implements, and and Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1953 administers national production, (5 U.S.C. app.). APHIS was established to handling, and labeling standards for conduct regulatory and control programs organic food production. Organic to protect and improve animal and plant production integrates cultural, biological, health for the benefit of agriculture and mechanical practices to foster and the environment. In cooperation cycling of resources, promote ecological with State governments, industry balance, and conserve biodiversity. stakeholders, and other Federal agencies, Internet, http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/NOP. APHIS works to prevent the entry and establishment of foreign animal and Farmers Markets and Local Food plant pests. APHIS also regulates certain Marketing The Service helps improve genetically engineered organisms and Department of Agriculture 105 works to support healthy international overseas preclearance—agricultural agricultural trade and exports of U.S. inspection—of commodities, passengers, agricultural products. In addition, the and U.S. military activities. These efforts Agency enforces regulations to ensure help protect the health and value of the humane treatment of certain animals U.S. agricultural production and natural and carries out research and operational resources. activities to reduce crop and livestock Veterinary Services Animal health depredation caused by birds, rodents, officials are responsible for programs to and predators. protect and improve the health, quality, Biotechnology Regulatory Services ​ and marketability of U.S. animals Biotechnology regulatory officials and animal products. The programs are responsible for regulating the are carried out through cooperative importation, movement, and field release links with States, foreign governments, of genetically engineered plants and livestock producers, and other Federal certain other genetically engineered agencies. organisms that may pose a risk to plant APHIS officials conduct exclusion and health. quarantine activities for animal pests Biotechnology regulations are designed and diseases, carry out eradication and to ensure that genetically engineered control programs for certain diseases, organisms, such as herbicide-tolerant provide laboratory diagnostic services, or drought-resistant crops, are as safe and conduct animal health monitoring for agriculture and the environment and surveillance. They also certify as as traditionally bred crop varieties. In to the health status of animals and regulating biotechnology, APHIS works animal products being exported to other in concert with the Environmental countries and respond to animal disease Protection Agency and the Food and incursions or epidemics that threaten Drug Administration, agencies that the health status of U.S. livestock also play important roles in protecting and poultry. Because human health agriculture, a safe food supply, and is closely linked to veterinary health, the environment. APHIS’s involvement APHIS animal health officials cooperate begins when a person or organization with other agencies and organizations wishes to import, move across a State to manage effectively the intersection line, or field-test a genetically engineered between wildlife, veterinary, and human plant. These activities are subject to the health issues. APHIS also administers a Agency’s permitting and notification Federal law intended to ensure that all system. veterinary biological products used in the Plant Protection and Quarantine ​ diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of Plant protection officials are responsible animal disease are safe, pure, potent, and for programs to control or eradicate effective. damaging foreign plant pests and Animal Care APHIS administers the diseases. These programs are carried Animal Welfare Act, which establishes out in cooperation with the States standards for the humane care and involved, other Federal agencies, handling of certain warmblooded farmers, and private organizations. Pest animals bought, sold, and transported control programs use a single tool or a in commerce and used or intended for combination of pest control techniques, use as pets at the wholesale level or both chemical and nonchemical, used or intended for use in exhibitions which are both effective and safe. Plant or for research purposes. The Agency protection officials develop Federal also enforces the Horse Protection Act regulations and policies that prohibit of 1970, which prohibits the soring of or restrict the entry into the United horses at shows and sales. States of foreign pests and plants, plant International Services APHIS products, and other materials that activities in the international arena may harbor pests, diseases, or noxious include conducting cooperative plant weeds. They also manage programs for and animal pest and disease control, 106 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL eradication, and surveillance programs to promote fair and competitive trading in foreign countries. These programs practices for the overall benefit of provide a first line of defense for the consumers and American agriculture. United States against threats such as GIPSA’s Packers and Stockyards Program screwworm, Mediterranean fruit fly, protects fair trade practices, financial and other exotic pests and diseases. integrity, and competitive markets for APHIS also provides international livestock, meat, and poultry. GIPSA’s representation concerning sanitary and Federal Grain Inspection Service phytosanitary technical trade issues and facilitates the marketing of U.S. grains, conducts capacity building activities oilseeds, and related agricultural to help develop the animal and plant products through its world-renowned health competencies and infrastructure of grain inspection and weighing system, international counterparts. and it maintains the integrity of the grain Wildlife Services Wildlife Services marketing system by developing unbiased officials provide assistance, upon request, grading standards and methods for to States, counties, local communities, assessing grain quality. and agricultural producer groups to Internet, http://www.gipsa.usda.gov/. reduce crop and livestock depredations caused by birds, rodents, and predators. Inspection The United States Grain Using methods and techniques that are Standards Act requires most U.S. export biologically sound, environmentally grain to be officially inspected. At export acceptable, and economically feasible, port locations, inspection is performed they educate and advise farmers and by GIPSA or by State agencies that ranchers on proper uses of control have been delegated export inspection methods and techniques; suppress serious authority by the Administrator. For nuisances and threats to public health domestic grain marketed at inland and safety caused by birds, rodents, locations, the Administrator designates and other wildlife in urban and rural private and State agencies to provide communities; and work with airport official inspection services upon request. managers to reduce risks of bird strikes. Both export and domestic services are Wildlife Services officials also assist in the provided on a fee-for-service basis. recovery of endangered and threatened Weighing Official weighing of species and monitor wildlife across U.S. export grain is performed at port the country for diseases to help protect locations by GIPSA or by State agencies animal and human health. In addition, that have been delegated export they conduct research into predator- weighing authority by the Administrator. prey relationships, new control methods For domestic grain marketed at inland such as wildlife contraception, and locations, the weighing services may more efficient and safe uses of existing be provided by GIPSA or by designated methods such as toxicants, repellants private or State agencies. Upon request, and attractants, biological controls, scare weighing services are provided on a fee- devices, and habitat alteration. for-service basis. Standardization GIPSA is responsible For further information, contact Legislative and Public Affairs, Animal and Plant Health Inspection for establishing, maintaining, and revising Service, Department of Agriculture, 1400 official U.S. standards for corn, wheat, Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20250. rye, oats, barley, flaxseed, sorghum, Phone, 202–799–7030. Internet, http://www.aphis. soybeans, triticale, sunflower seed, usda.gov. canola, and mixed grain. It is authorized Grain Inspection, Packers, and to perform applied research to develop Stockyards Administration The Grain methods to improve accuracy and Inspection, Packers, and Stockyards uniformity in grading grain. It is also Administration (GIPSA) was established responsible for standardization and in 1994, to facilitate the marketing of inspection activities for rice, dry beans, livestock, poultry, meat, cereals, oilseeds, peas, lentils, hay, straw, hops, and related and related agricultural products, and processed grain commodities. Although Department of Agriculture 107 standards no longer exist for hay, straw, Food Safety and hops, GIPSA maintains inspection Food Safety and Inspection Service ​ procedures for, and retains authority to The Food Safety and Inspection Service inspect, these commodities. (FSIS) was established by the Secretary of Methods Development GIPSA’s Agriculture on June 17, 1981, pursuant methods development activities to authority contained in 5 U.S.C. 301 include applied research or tests to and Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1953 produce new or improved techniques (5 U.S.C. app.). FSIS is responsible for for measuring grain quality. Examples monitoring the Nation’s commercial include knowledge gained through the supply of meat, poultry, and processed study of how to establish real-time grain egg products. inspection, develop reference methods Meat, Poultry, and Processed Egg in order to maintain consistency and Products Inspection FSIS is the public standardization in the grain inspection health regulatory agency in the U.S. system, as well as the comparison of Department of Agriculture that ensures different techniques for evaluation of meat, poultry, and processed egg end-use quality in wheat. products are safe, wholesome, accurately Packers and Stockyards Activities ​ labeled, and properly packaged. FSIS Through the administration of the enforces the Federal Meat Inspection Packers and Stockyards Act, GIPSA Act (FMIA), the Poultry Products prohibits unfair, deceptive, and Inspection Act (PPIA), and the Egg unjust discriminatory practices by Products Inspection Act (EPIA), which market agencies, dealers, stockyards, require Federal inspection and regulation packers, swine contractors, and live of meat, poultry, and processed egg poultry dealers in the livestock, meat products prepared for distribution in packing, and poultry industries. GIPSA commerce for use as human food. FSIS fosters fair competition and ensures is also responsible for administering payment protection for growers and the Humane Methods of Slaughter Act, farmers. To this end, GIPSA performs which requires that livestock are handled various regulatory functions, including and slaughtered humanely at the FSIS- investigating alleged violations of the inspected establishment. Act, auditing regulated entities, verifying FSIS administers FMIA, PPIA, and EPIA the accuracy of scales, and monitoring by developing and implementing data- industry trends to protect consumers driven regulations, including inspection, and members of the livestock, meat, and testing, and enforcement activities for poultry industries. the products under FSIS’s jurisdiction. In GIPSA is also responsible for the addition to mandatory inspection of meat, Truth-in-Lending Act and the Fair poultry, and processed egg products, Credit Reporting Act as each relates FSIS tests samples of these products to persons and firms subject to the for microbial and chemical residues to Act. GIPSA carries out the Secretary’s monitor trends for enforcement purposes responsibilities under section 1324 of the and to understand, predict, and prevent Food Security Act of 1985 pertaining to contamination. FSIS also ensures that State-established central filing systems to only meat, poultry, and processed egg prenotify buyers, commission merchants, products that meet U.S. requirements are and selling agents of security interests imported into the United States, and it against farm products. GIPSA administers certifies meat, poultry, and processed egg the section of the statute commonly products for export. referred to as the “Clear Title” provision FSIS also monitors meat, poultry, and and certifies qualifying State systems. processed egg products throughout For further information, contact the Grain storage, distribution, and retail channels, Inspection, Packers, and Stockyards Administration, and it ensures regulatory compliance to Department of Agriculture, 1400 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20250. Phone, protect the public, including detention 202–720–0219. Internet, http://www.gipsa.usda. of products, voluntary product recalls, gov/psp.html. court-ordered seizures of products, 108 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL administrative suspension and withdrawal with access to a more nutritious diet, to of inspection, and referral of violations improve the eating habits of the Nation’s for criminal and civil prosecution. To children, and to help provide America’s protect against intentional contamination, farmers with an expanded customer base. the Agency conducts food defense FNS works in partnership with the activities, as well. States in all its programs. State and local FSIS maintains a toll-free Meat and agencies determine most administrative Poultry Hotline (phone, 888–674–6854; details regarding distribution of nutrition TTY, 800–256–7072) and chat feature to benefits and eligibility of participants, answer questions in English and Spanish and FNS provides commodities and about the safe handling of meat, poultry, funding for additional food and to cover and egg products. The Hotline’s hours administrative costs. FNS administers the are weekdays, from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., following nutrition assistance programs: EST, year round. An extensive selection The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance of food safety messages in English and Program (SNAP) provides nutrition Spanish is available at the same number benefits through State and local agencies at all hours of the day. Questions can also to low-income families and individuals be submitted anytime to MPHotline.fsis@ to increase their food purchasing power. usda.gov. The benefits are used by program “Ask Karen,” an online virtual participants to buy food in retail stores representative, provides answers to approved by the FNS to accept and consumer questions on preventing redeem the benefits. foodborne illness, safe food handling and The Special Supplemental Nutrition storage, and safe preparation of meat, Program for Women, Infants, and poultry, and egg products (http://www. Children (WIC) improves the health of fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/informational/ low-income pregnant and postpartum askkaren). women, infants and children up to 5 For further information, contact the Assistant years of age by providing them with Administrator, Office of Public Affairs and specific nutritious foods, nutrition Consumer Education, Department of Agriculture, education, and health care referrals. 1400 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC The WIC and Seniors’ Farmers’ Market 20250. Phone, 202–720–3884. Internet, http://www. fsis.usda.gov. Nutrition Programs (FMNP and SFMNP) provide WIC participants and senior Food, Nutrition, and Consumer citizens with increased access to fresh Services produce. WIC participants receive coupons to purchase fresh fruits and The mission of Food, Nutrition, and vegetables from authorized farmers. Consumer Services is to reduce hunger The Commodity Supplemental Food and food insecurity, in partnership with Program provides a package of foods cooperating organizations, by providing monthly to low-income pregnant, access to food, a healthful diet, and postpartum, and breastfeeding women, nutrition education to children and their children under age 6, and the needy people in a manner that supports elderly. Nutrition education is also American agriculture. provided through this program. Food and Nutrition Service The Food The National School Lunch Program and Nutrition Service (FNS) administers supports nonprofit food services in the USDA domestic food assistance elementary and secondary schools and in programs. These programs, which serve residential childcare institutions. Almost one in four Americans in the course of a 70 percent of the meals served through year, represent our Nation’s commitment these institutions are free or at reduced to the principle that no one in this cost. country should fear hunger. They provide The School Breakfast Program a Federal safety net to people in need. provides needy children with free or The goals of the programs are to provide low-cost breakfasts that meet established low-income families and individuals nutritional standards. Department of Agriculture 109 The Special Milk Program for Children For further information, contact the Office of provides milk for children in those Public Information, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Suite 200, 1120 20th Street NW., schools, summer camps, and childcare Washington, DC 20036–3406. Phone, 202–418– institutions that have no federally 2312. Internet, http://www.cnpp.usda.gov. supported meal programs. The Child and Adult Care Food Farm and Foreign Agricultural Program provides cash and commodities Services for meals for preschool- and school-age Farm Service Agency The Farm children in childcare facilities and for Service Agency (FSA) administers farm functionally impaired adults in facilities commodity, disaster, and conservation that provide nonresidential care for such programs for farmers and ranchers, and individuals. makes and guarantees farm emergency, The Summer Food Service Program ownership, and operating loans through a helps various organizations get nutritious network of State and county offices. meals to needy preschool- and school- Farm Commodity Programs FSA age children during the summer months. manages commodity programs such The Emergency Food Assistance as the direct and countercyclical Program provides State agencies with program, commodity and livestock commodities for distribution to food disaster programs, marketing assistance banks, food pantries, soup kitchens, and loan programs, noninsured crop other charitable institutions throughout disaster assistance programs, and the the country, with administrative funds to tobacco transition payment program. It assist in distribution. administers commodity loan programs The Food Distribution Program for wheat, rice, corn, grain sorghum, on Indian Reservations and the Trust barley, oats, oilseeds, peanuts, upland Territories provides an extensive package and extra-long-staple cotton, and sugar. of commodities monthly to low-income FSA provides operating personnel for the households on or near Indian reservations Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC), in lieu of SNAP benefits. This program is a Government-owned and -operated administered at the local level by Indian organization. CCC provides short-term tribal organizations. loans using the commodity as collateral. The Nutrition Assistance Programs for These loans provide farmers with interim Puerto Rico and the Northern Marianas financing and facilitate orderly marketing are block grant programs that replace of farm commodities throughout the year. the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Farm Loan Programs FSA makes Program in these two territories and and guarantees loans to family farmers provide food coupons to resident and ranchers to purchase farmland participants. and finance agricultural production. For further information, contact the Public These programs help farmers who are Information Officer, Food and Nutrition Service, temporarily unable to obtain private Department of Agriculture, 3101 Park Center Drive, Alexandria, VA 22302. Phone, 703–305–2286. commercial credit. These may be Internet, http://www.usda.gov. beginning farmers who have insufficient net worth to qualify for commercial Center for Nutrition Policy and credit, who have suffered financial Promotion The Center coordinates setbacks from natural disasters, or who nutrition policy in USDA and provides have limited resources with which to overall leadership in nutrition establish and maintain profitable farming education for the American public. It operations. also coordinates with the Department Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance of Health and Human Services in the Program (NAP) NAP provides review, revision, and dissemination of catastrophic crop loss protection for the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, crops not covered by Federal crop the Federal Government’s statement of insurance. Crops that are eligible include nutrition policy formed by a consensus of commercial crops grown for food and scientific and medical professionals. fiber, floriculture, ornamental nursery 110 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL products, Christmas tree crops, turfgrass facilitates the storage, management, sod, seed crops, aquaculture (including and disposition of commodities ornamental fish such as goldfish), and used to meet humanitarian needs industrial crops. Losses resulting from abroad. It administers the United natural disasters not covered by the crop States Warehouse Act (USWA), which insurance policy may also be eligible for authorizes the Secretary of Agriculture NAP assistance. NAP does not include to license warehouse operators who trees grown for wood, paper, or pulp store agricultural products. Warehouse products. operators that apply must meet the USDA Other Emergency Assistance There standards established within the USWA are FSA programs to assist farmers who and its regulations. Under the milk price encounter natural disasters from drought, support program, the Commodity Credit flood, freeze, tornadoes, and other Corporation buys surplus butter, cheese, calamities. Eligible producers can be and nonfat dry milk from processors at compensated for crop losses, livestock announced prices to support the price feed losses, and tree damage and for the of milk. These purchases help maintain cost of rehabilitating eligible farmlands market prices at the legislated support damaged by natural disaster. Low-interest level, and the surplus commodities are loans for eligible farmers can help used for hunger relief both domestically cover production and physical losses in and internationally. FSA’s commodity counties declared disaster areas. operations system also coordinates with The largest component of USDA other Government agencies to provide disaster assistance is the Crop Disaster surplus commodities for various programs Program (CDP), which has provided and also purchases commodities for the more than $3 billion in financial relief National School Lunch Program and to farmers, ranchers, foresters, and other other domestic feeding programs. agricultural producers who incurred For further information, contact the Public Affairs losses because of recent adverse weather Branch, Farm Service Agency, Department of conditions. Agriculture, Stop 0506, 1400 Independence Avenue Conservation Programs FSA’s SW., Washington, DC 20250. Phone, 202–720– 5237. Internet, http://www.fsa.usda.gov/FSA/ conservation programs include webapp?area=home&subject=coop&topic=landing. enhancement of wildlife habitat and water and air quality. The Commodity Credit Corporation The Conservation Reserve Program is the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Federal Government’s single-largest stabilizes, supports, and protects farm environmental improvement program on income and prices, assists in maintaining private lands. It safeguards millions of balanced and adequate supplies of acres of topsoil from erosion, improves agricultural commodities and their air quality, increases wildlife habitat, and products, and facilitates the orderly protects ground and surface water by distribution of commodities. reducing water runoff and sedimentation. CCC carries out assigned foreign In return for planting a protective cover assistance activities, such as guaranteeing of grass or trees on vulnerable property, the credit sale of U.S. agricultural the owner receives a rental payment commodities abroad. Major emphasis is each year of a multiyear contract. Cost- also being directed toward meeting the share payments are also available to needs of developing nations. Agricultural help establish permanent areas of grass, commodities are supplied and exported legumes, trees, windbreaks, or plants that to combat hunger and malnutrition and improve water quality and give shelter to encourage economic development and food to wildlife. in developing countries. In addition, under the Food for Progress Program, Internet, http://www.fsa.usda.gov/FSA/ webapp?area=home&subject=copr&topic=landing. CCC supplies commodities to provide assistance to developing democracies. Commodity Operations FSA’s For further information, contact the Information commodity operations system Division, Foreign Agricultural Service, Department Department of Agriculture 111 of Agriculture, Stop 1004, 1400 Independence sales, pilot programs, downloadable Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20250. Phone, crop policies, and agency-sponsored 202–720–7115. Fax, 202–720–1727. Internet, http:// www.fsa.usda.gov/FSA/webapp?area=about&subject events. Online tools, calculators, and =landing&topic=sao-cc. applications are also available on the Web site. Risk Management Agency The Risk Management Agency (RMA), via the For further information, contact the Office of the Administrator, Risk Management Agency, Federal Crop Insurance Corporation Department of Agriculture, Stop 0801, 1400 (FCIC), oversees and administers the Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20250. Federal crop insurance program under Phone, 202–690–2803. Internet, http://www.rma. the Federal Crop Insurance Act. usda.gov. Federal crop insurance is offered to Foreign Agricultural Service The qualifying producers through 18 private Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) works sector crop insurance companies. Under to improve foreign market access for the Standard Reinsurance Agreement U.S. products, to build new markets, to (SRA), RMA provides reinsurance, improve the competitive position of U.S. pays premium subsidies, reimburses agriculture in the global marketplace, insurers for administrative and operating and to provide food aid and technical expenses, and oversees the financial assistance to foreign countries. integrity and operational performance FAS has the primary responsibility of the delivery system. RMA bears much for USDA’s activities in the areas of of the noncommercial insurance risk international marketing, trade agreements under the SRA, allowing insurers to retain and negotiations, and the collection and commercial insurance risks or reinsure analysis of international statistics and those risks in the private market. market information. It also administers In 2006, the Federal crop insurance the USDA’s export credit guarantee program provided producers with and food aid programs. FAS helps more than $44 billion in protection increase income and food availability on approximately 246 million acres in developing nations by mobilizing through about 1.2 million policies. expertise for agriculturally led economic There were 22 insurance plans available growth. and 26 active pilot programs in various FAS also enhances U.S. agricultural stages of development. Today, there competitiveness through a global network are 350 plans of insurance, 1.2 million of agricultural economists, marketing premium earning policies covering experts, negotiators, and other specialists. approximately 282 million acres of land, FAS agricultural counselors, attaches, and 23 pilot programs in various stages of trade officers, and locally employed development. staff are stationed in over 90 countries RMA also works closely with the to support U.S. agricultural interests and private sector to find new and innovative cover 140 countries. ways to provide expanded coverage. In addition to agricultural affairs This includes risk protection for specialty offices in U.S. embassies, agricultural crops, livestock and forage, and trade offices also have been established rangeland and pasture. Thus, RMA is able in a number of key foreign markets to reduce the need for ad hoc disaster and function as service centers for U.S. assistance while providing valuable exporters and foreign buyers seeking coverage for production declines that market information. result from extended drought in many Reports prepared by our overseas areas. offices cover changes in policies and Additional information about RMA other developments that could affect can be found on its Web site, www.rma. U.S. agricultural exports. FAS staff in usda.gov. The Web site features agency U.S. Embassies around the world assess news, State profiles, publications, and U.S. export marketing opportunities and announcements on current issues. It respond to the daily informational needs also features summaries of insurance of those who develop, initiate, monitor, 112 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL and evaluate U.S. food and agricultural other agricultural products; assess the policies and programs. nutritional needs of Americans; sustain In addition to data collection, FAS a competitive agricultural economy; also maintains a worldwide agricultural enhance the natural resource base reporting system based on information and the environment; and provide from U.S. agricultural traders, remote economic opportunities for rural citizens, sensing systems, and other sources. communities, and society as a whole. Analysts in Washington, DC, prepare Research activities are carried out at production forecasts, assess export 103 domestic locations (including Puerto marketing opportunities, and track Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands) and 5 changes in policies affecting U.S. overseas locations. Much of this research agricultural exports and imports. is conducted in cooperation with partners FAS programs help U.S. exporters in State universities and experiment develop and maintain markets for stations, other Federal agencies, and hundreds of food and agricultural private organizations. National Programs, products, from bulk commodities to headquartered in Beltsville, MD, is the brand-name items. Formal market focal point in the overall planning and promotion activities are carried out coordination of ARS’s research programs. chiefly in cooperation with agricultural Day-to-day management of the respective trade associations, State-regional programs for specific field locations is trade groups, small businesses, and assigned to eight area offices. cooperatives that plan, manage, and ARS also includes the National contribute staff resources and funds to Agricultural Library (NAL), which is the support these efforts. FAS also provides primary resource in the United States guidance to help exporters locate buyers for information about food, agriculture, and provides assistance through a and natural resources and serves as an variety of other methods. This includes electronic gateway to a widening array supporting U.S. participation in several of scientific literature, printed text, and major trade shows and a number of agricultural images. NAL serves USDA single-industry exhibitions each year. and a broad customer base including For further information, contact the Public Affairs policymakers, agricultural specialists, Division, Foreign Agricultural Service, Stop 1004, research scientists, and the general 1400 Independence Avenue SW., Department of public. NAL works with other agricultural Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250–1004. Phone, libraries and institutions to advance open 202–720–7115. Fax, 202–720–1727. Internet, http:// www.fas.usda.gov. and democratic access to information about agriculture and the Nation’s Research, Education, and Economics agricultural knowledge. For further information, contact the Agricultural This mission area’s main focus is to Research Service, Department of Agriculture, create, apply, and transfer knowledge 1400 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC and technology to provide affordable 20250. Phone, 202–720–3656. Fax, 202–720–5427. food and fiber, ensure food safety and Internet, http://www.ars.usda.gov. nutrition, and support rural development The National Institute of Food and and natural resource needs of people Agriculture The National Institute by conducting integrated national and of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) links international research, information, the research and education resources education, and statistical programs and and activities of USDA and works with services that are in the national interest. academic and land-grant institutions Agricultural Research Service The throughout the Nation. In cooperation Agricultural Research Service (ARS) with its partners and customers, NIFA conducts research to develop and advances a global system of research, transfer solutions to agricultural problems extension, and higher education in the of high national priority. It provides food and agricultural sciences and related information access and dissemination environmental and human sciences to to ensure high-quality safe food and Department of Agriculture 113 benefit people, communities, and the Activities to support this mission and Nation. the following goals involve research and NIFA’s programs increase and provide development of economic and statistical access to scientific knowledge; strengthen indicators on a broad range of topics the capabilities of land-grant and other including, but not limited to, global institutions in research, extension, and agricultural market conditions, trade higher education; increase access to restrictions, agribusiness concentration, and use of improved communication farm and retail food prices, foodborne and network systems; and promote illnesses, food labeling, nutrition, food informed decisionmaking by producers, assistance programs, worker safety, consumers, families, and community agrichemical usage, livestock waste leaders to improve social conditions in management, conservation, sustainability, the United States and around the world. genetic diversity, technology transfer, These conditions include improved rural infrastructure, and rural agricultural and other economic employment. enterprises; safer and cleaner water, Research results and economic food, and air; enhanced stewardship and indicators on such important agricultural, management of natural resources; more food, natural resource, and rural responsible, productive, and healthy issues are fully disseminated to public individuals, families, and communities; and private decisionmakers through and a stable, secure, diverse, and published and electronic reports and affordable national food supply. articles; special staff analyses, briefings, NIFA provides research, extension, and presentations, and papers; databases; education leadership through programs and individual contacts. Through such in plant and animal systems; natural activities, ERS provides public and private resources and environment; economic decisionmakers with economic and and community systems; families, 4–H, related social science information and and nutrition; competitive research analysis in support of the Department’s and integrated research, education, goals of enhancing economic and extension programs and awards opportunities for agricultural producers; management; science and education supporting economic opportunities resources development; and information and quality of life in rural America; systems and technology management. enhancing the protection and safety of NIFA’s partnership with the land- U.S. agriculture and food; improving U.S. grant universities is critical to the nutrition and health; and enhancing the effective shared planning, delivery, natural resource base and environment. and accountability for research, higher More information on ERS’s program is education, and extension programs to available online. support a growing and thriving American For further information, contact the Information economy. Services Division, Economic Research Service, Department of Agriculture, 1400 Independence For further information, contact the Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20250. Phone, Communications Staff, The National Institute of 202–694–5100. Fax, 202–245–4781. Internet, Food and Agriculture , Department of Agriculture, http://www.ers.usda.gov. 1400 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20250–2207. Phone, 202–720–4651. Fax, National Agricultural Statistics Service ​ 202–690–0289. Internet, http://www.csrees.usda. gov/index.html. The National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) prepares estimates and Economic Research Service The reports on production, supply, price, mission of the Economic Research chemical use, and other items necessary Service (ERS) is to inform and enhance for the orderly operation of the U.S. public and private decisionmaking on agricultural economy. economic and policy issues related to The reports include statistics on field agriculture, food, the environment, and crops, fruits and vegetables, dairy, rural development. cattle, hogs, sheep, poultry, aquaculture, and related commodities or processed 114 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL products. Other estimates concern farm the Federal forest reserves and the numbers, farm production expenditures, responsibility for their management from agricultural chemical use, prices received the Department of the Interior to the by farmers for products sold, prices paid Department of Agriculture. The mission for commodities and services, indexes of of the Forest Service is to achieve quality prices received and paid, parity prices, land management under the sustainable, farm employment, and farm wage rates. multiple-use management concept NASS prepares these estimates through to meet the diverse needs of people. a complex system of sample surveys of Its objectives include the following: producers, processors, buyers, and others advocating a conservation ethic in associated with agriculture. Information promoting the health, productivity, is gathered by mail, electronic data diversity, and beauty of forests and reporting, telephone, and personal associated lands; listening to people interviews. and responding to their diverse needs NASS is responsible for conducting in making decisions; protecting and the Census of Agriculture. The Census managing the National Forests and of Agriculture is taken every 5 years Grasslands to best demonstrate the and provides comprehensive data on sustainable, multiple-use management the agricultural economy down to the concept; providing technical and county level. Follow-on studies are also financial assistance to State and private conducted on aquaculture, irrigation, forest landowners, encouraging them horticultural energy, and organic toward active stewardship and quality agriculture. land management in meeting their NASS also performs reimbursable specific objectives; providing technical survey work and statistical consulting and financial assistance to cities and services for other Federal and State communities to improve their natural agencies and provides technical environment by planting trees and caring assistance for developing agricultural for their forests; providing international data systems in other countries. technical assistance and scientific For further information, contact the Executive exchanges to sustain and enhance global Assistant to the Administrator, National Agricultural resources and to encourage quality Statistics Service, Department of Agriculture, 1400 land management; assisting States and Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20250– communities in using the forests wisely 2000. Phone, 202–720–2707. Fax, 202–720–9013. Internet, http://www.nass.usda.gov/. to promote rural economic development and a quality rural environment; Natural Resources and Environment developing and providing scientific and technical knowledge, improving our This mission area is responsible for capability to protect, manage, and use fostering sound stewardship of 75 forests and rangelands; and providing percent of the Nation’s total land area. work, training, and education to the Ecosystems are the underpinning for the unemployed, underemployed, elderly, Department’s operating philosophy in this youth, and the disadvantaged. area in order to maximize stewardship of our natural resources. This approach Internet, http://www.fs.fed.us/. ensures that products, values, services, National Forest System The Service and uses desired by people are produced manages 155 National Forests, 20 in ways that sustain healthy, productive National Grasslands, 1 tall grass prairie, ecosystems. and 5 land utilization projects on over Forest Service [For the Forest Service 193 million acres in 44 States, the Virgin statement of organization, see the Code Islands, and Puerto Rico under the of Federal Regulations, Title 36, Part principles of multiple-use and sustained 200.1] yield. The Nation’s tremendous need for The Forest Service was created by wood and paper products is balanced the Transfer Act of February 1, 1905 with the other vital, renewable resources (16 U.S.C. 472), which transferred or benefits that the National Forests Department of Agriculture 115 and Grasslands provide: recreation and production and use of the world’s natural natural beauty, wildlife habitat, livestock resources. forage, and water supplies. The guiding For further information on the Forest Service or principle is the greatest good to the State and private forestry areas, visit the Forest greatest number in the long run. Service’s Web site. Internet, http://www.fs.fed.us/ These lands are protected as much research/research-topics/. as possible from wildfire, epidemics Natural Resources Conservation of disease and insect pests, erosion, Service [For the Natural Resources floods, and water and air pollution. Conservation Service statement of Burned areas get emergency seeding organization, see the Code of Federal treatment to prevent massive erosion Regulations, Title 7, Parts 600 and 601] and stream siltation. Roads and trails are Internet, http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/ built where needed to give the public site/national/home/. access to outdoor recreation areas and provide scenic drives and hikes. Picnic, The Natural Resources Conservation camping, water sports, skiing, and other Service (NRCS), formerly the Soil areas are provided with facilities for Conservation Service, has national public convenience and enjoyment. responsibility for helping America’s Vegetative management methods are farmers, ranchers, and other private used to protect the land and streams, landowners develop and carry out ensure rapid renewal of the forest, voluntary efforts to conserve and protect provide food and cover for wildlife our natural resources. and fish, and have minimum impact Conservation Technical Assistance ​ on scenic and recreation values. Local This is the foundation program of NRCS. communities benefit from activities that Under this program, NRCS provides occur on National Forest lands. These technical assistance to land users and lands also provide needed oil, gas, and units of government for the purpose of minerals. Rangelands are improved for sustaining agricultural productivity and millions of livestock and game animals. protecting and enhancing the natural The National Forests provide a refuge resource base. This assistance is based for many species of endangered birds, on the voluntary cooperation of private animals, and fish. Some 34.6 million landowners and involves comprehensive acres are set aside as wilderness and approaches to reduce soil erosion; 175,000 acres as primitive areas where improve soil and water quantity and timber will not be harvested. quality; improve and conserve wetlands; enhance fish and wildlife habitat; Internet, http://www.fs.fed.us/managing-land/ national-forests-grasslands. improve air quality; improve pasture and range condition; reduce upstream Forest Research The Forest Service flooding; and improve woodlands. performs basic and applied research Internet, http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/ to develop the scientific information main/national/programs/technical/. and technology needed to protect, manage, use, and sustain the natural Emergency Watershed Protection resources of the Nation’s forests and Program This program provides rangelands. The Forest Service’s forest emergency assistance to safeguard research strategy focuses on three major lives and property in jeopardy due to program components: understanding sudden watershed impairment by natural the structure and functions of forest disasters. Emergency work includes and range ecosystems; understanding quickly establishing a protective plant how people perceive and value the cover on denuded land and stream protection, management, and use of banks; opening dangerously restricted natural resources; and determining which channels; and repairing diversions and protection, management, and utilization levees. An emergency area need not be practices are most suitable for sustainable declared a national disaster area to be eligible for help under this program. 116 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Internet, http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/ Plant Materials Program At 26 plant nrcs/detail/national/programs/landscape/ materials centers across the country, ewpp/?cid=nrcs143_008263. NRCS tests, selects, and ensures the Environmental Quality Incentive commercial availability of new and Program This program assists producers improved conservation plants for erosion with environmental and natural resource reduction, wetland restoration, water conservation improvements on their quality improvement, streambank and agricultural lands. Half of the available riparian area protection, coastal dune funds are for conservation activities stabilization, biomass production, carbon related to livestock production. Technical sequestration, and other needs. The assistance, cost-share payments, Plant Materials Program is a cooperative incentive payments, and education focus effort with conservation districts, other on priority areas and natural resource Federal and State agencies, commercial concerns identified in cooperation with businesses, and seed and nursery State technical committees, including associations. such areas as nutrient management, Internet, http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/ pest management, and grazing land main/plantmaterials/pmc/. management. Resource Conservation and Internet, http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/ Development Program This is a locally main/national/programs/financial/eqip/. driven program, an opportunity for Forestry Incentives Program This civic-oriented groups to work together program helps to increase the Nation’s sharing knowledge and resources in supply of products from nonindustrial solving common problems facing private forest lands. This also ensures their region. The program offers aid in more effective use of existing forest lands balancing the environmental, economic, and, over time, helps to prevent shortages and social needs of an area. USDA and price increases for forest products. coordinators help resource conservation The program shares the cost incurred and development councils plan, develop, by landowners for tree planting and and carry out programs for resource timberstand improvement. conservation, water management, Internet, http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/ community development, and main/national/programs/easements/forests/. environmental enhancement. Rural Abandoned Mine Program This National Cooperative Soil Survey ​ program helps protect people and the The National Cooperative Soil environment from the adverse effects Survey provides the public with local of past coal mining practices and information on the uses and capabilities promotes the development of soil and of their soils. The published soil survey water resources on unreclaimed mine for a county or other designated area land. It provides technical and financial includes maps and interpretations that assistance to land users who voluntarily are the foundation for farm planning and enter into 5- to 10-year contracts for the other private land use decisions as well reclamation of eligible land and water. as for resource planning and policy by Small Watersheds Program The Federal, State, and local governments. program helps local sponsoring groups The surveys are conducted cooperatively to voluntarily plan and install watershed with other Federal, State, and local protection projects on private lands. agencies and land-grant universities. The These projects include flood prevention, Service is the national and world leader water quality improvement, soil erosion in soil classification and soil mapping, and sediment reduction, rural and and is now expanding its work in soil municipal water supply, irrigation water quality. management, fish and wildlife habitat Internet, http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/ enhancement, and wetlands restoration. site/soils/home/. The Service helps local community groups, government entities, and private Department of Agriculture 117 landowners working together using an operating programs, as well as improved integrated, comprehensive watershed nutrition, family living and recreation, approach to natural resource planning. food stamp, school lunch, donated foods, Snow Survey and Water Supply and other food programs. Forecasting Program This program Contracts and Small-Business Activities ​ collects snowpack moisture data and To obtain information about contracting forecasts seasonal water supplies or subcontracting opportunities, attending for streams that derive most of their small-business outreach activities, or water from snowmelt. It helps farm how to do business with USDA, contact operators, rural communities, and the Office of Small and Disadvantaged municipalities manage water resources Business Utilization. Phone, 202–720– through water supply forecasts. It also 7117. Internet, http://www.dm.usda.gov/ provides hydrometeorological data for osdbu/index.php. regulating reservoir storage and managing Employment Most jobs in the streamflow. The Snow Supply Program Department are in the competitive is conducted in the Western States and service and are filled by applicants who Alaska. have established eligibility under an Internet, http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/ appropriate examination administered portal/nrcs/detail/national/programs/ by the Office of Personnel Management alphabetical/?cid=stelprdb1044181. or Department Special Examining Units. Watershed Surveys and Planning ​ General employment information is This program assists Federal, State, and available online at USAJOBS. Internet, local agencies and tribal governments http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/usda/ in protecting watersheds from damage usdahome?navid=CAREERS. caused by erosion, floodwater, and Whistleblower Hotline Persons sediment, and it conserves and develops wishing to register complaints of alleged water and land resources. Resource improprieties concerning the Department concerns addressed by the program should contact one of the regional offices include water quality, water conservation, or the Inspector General’s whistleblower wetland and water storage capacity, hotline. Phone, 800–424–9121 (toll agricultural drought problems, rural free, outside Washington, DC); 202– development, municipal and industrial 690–1622 (within the Washington, DC, water needs, upstream flood damages, metropolitan area); or 202–690–1202 and water needs for fish, wildlife, and (TDD). Fax, 202–690–2474. Internet, forest-based industries. Types of surveys http://www.usda.gov/oig/hotline.htm. and plans include watershed plans, river Reading Rooms Reading Rooms basin surveys and studies, flood hazard are located at the headquarters of analysis, and flood plain management each USDA agency. Use the contact assistance. The focus of these plans is to information provided in the “For further identify solutions that use land treatment information” sections in the program and nonstructural measures to solve description text above to inquire about resource problems. locations, hours, and availability. Speakers Contact the nearest Internet, http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/ Department of Agriculture office or main/national/programs/landscape/wsp/. county extension agent. In the District of Sources of Information Columbia, contact the Office of Public Liaison, Office of Communications, Consumer Activities Educational, Department of Agriculture, 1400 organizational, and financial assistance Independence Avenue SW., Washington, is offered to consumers and their families DC 20250. Phone, 202–720–2798. in such areas as rural housing and farm For further information concerning the Department of Agriculture, contact the Office of Communications, Department of Agriculture, 1400 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20250. Phone, 202–720–4623. Internet, http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/usda/usdahome?contentid=OC_Splash.xml&contentidonly=true. EDITORIAL NOTE: The Department of Commerce did not meet the publication deadline for submitting updated information of its activities, functions, and sources of information as required by the automatic disclosure provisions of the Freedom of Information Act (5 U.S.C. 552(a)(1)(A)).

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Fourteenth Street and Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20230 Phone, 202–482–2000. Internet, http://www.doc.gov.

Secretary of Commerce Penny S. Pritzker Deputy Secretary Bruce H. Andrews Assistant Secretary for Legislative and Margaret Louise Cummisky Intergovernmental Affairs Chief Financial Officer and Assistant Secretary Ellen C. Herbst for Administration Chief Information Officer Simon Szykman General Counsel Kelly R. Welsh Inspector General Todd J. Zinser Director, Office of Business Liaison Matthew T. McGuire Director, Office of Policy and Strategic Planning (vacancy) Director, Office of Public Affairs Ciaran Clayton, Acting Director, Executive Secretariat Christine L. Turner Director, Office of White House Liaison Theodore Jonston

The Department of Commerce promotes the Nation’s domestic and international trade, economic growth, and technological advancement by fostering a globally competitive free enterprise system, supporting fair trade practices, compiling social and economic statistics, protecting Earth’s physical and oceanic resources, granting patents and registering trademarks, and providing assistance to small and minority- owned businesses.

The Department was designated as and Intergovernmental Affairs, and Public such by act of March 4, 1913 (15 Affairs. Other offices whose public U.S.C. 1501), which reorganized the purposes are widely administered are Department of Commerce and Labor, detailed below. created by act of February 14, 1903 Business Liaison The Office of Business (15 U.S.C. 1501), by transferring all Liaison directs the business community labor activities into a new, separate to the offices and policy experts who can Department of Labor. best respond to their needs by promoting proactive, responsive, and effective Office of the Secretary outreach programs and relationships Secretary The Secretary is responsible with the business community. It also for the administration of all functions and informs the Secretary and Department authorities assigned to the Department officials of the critical issues facing of Commerce and for advising the the business community, informs the President on Federal policy and programs business community of Department and affecting the industrial and commercial administration initiatives and priorities, as segments of the national economy. The well as information regarding Department Secretary is served by the offices of resources, policies, and programs, Deputy Secretary, Inspector General, and provides general assistance to the General Counsel, and the Assistant business community. Secretaries of Administration, Legislative For further information, call 202–482–1360.

118 Department of Commerce 119 TY FOR Y TENT OPE R OR OFFICE R PA A R P TES A L A DIREC T S T SECRE T TRADEMARK AND UNITED AND UNDER INTELLECT U OF VICE AND OR SE R OR TECHNICAL ARDS INSTITUTE TION DIREC T AN D DIREC T TECHNOLOGY TIONAL S T TIONAL N A INFORM A N A Y TIONS AIRS AND A R Y F FOR T Y TIONS A R AF TION T TION TION A R TION A AL AND TION T OF OFFICER GENERAL OR SECRE COUNSEL U TIVE SECRE OR SECRE CENSUS INFORM A INFORM A OFFICER INFORM A FOR ANT ANT URE A TELECOMMUNIC A DIREC T ADMINISTR B VERNMEN T ANT THE Y ADMINISTR A AIRS COMMUNIC A YSIS TISTICS AND LEGISL A F L FINANCIAL A GENERAL CHIEF T A R TION AND OF FOR INSPEC T OR S ASSIS T AF U ANA TIONAL FOR ASSIS T ASSIS T N A INTERG O CHIEF AND URE A DIREC T B SECRE T ADMINISTR A ECONOMIC ECONOMIC ECONOMIC UNDER ECONOMIST Y OR T A R T COMMERCE GENCY Y CHIEF AFF A USINESS A R S T B DIREC OF OF SECRE Y SECRE T A R TIONAL MINORITY T CHIEF T DEVELOPMENT N A DEPUTY SECRE EXPO R ANT FOR FOR Y ENFORCEMENT A R OF SECURITY SECURITY ASSIS T ARTMENT Y AND U T A R AND AIRS LIAISON T OF OF AND OF F Y URE A LIAISON Y ARI A PLANNING Y B SECRE T AF POLICY A R DEP TION T T OF HOUSE TION OFFICE OFFICE OFFICE TEGIC EXECUTIVE SECRE SECRE T INDUST R DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT USINESS PUBLIC FOR SECRE B UNDER EXPO R STR A INDUST R WHITE OFFICE ANT ANT ADMINISTR A FOR ADMINISTR A ECONOMIC ASSIS T ASSIS T ECONOMIC Y Y A R A R T T T TION VICES FOR SECRE SECRE CTURING IMPO R Y A FOR SE R TRADE TRADE ANT TION ANT A R A FOR AND ADMINISTR A MANU F ASSIS T TIONAL ASSIS T TIONAL SECRE T ADMINISTR Y Y INTERN A A R A R TION T VICE T R INTERN A UNDER CCESS TES GENERAL A A OM O SE S T P R SECRE SECRE OR FOREIGN COMPLIANCE ANT ANT MARKET AND TRADE UNITED DIREC T AND COMMERCIAL TION FOR ASSIS T FOR ASSIS T AND A Y OR AND T A R A Y A R T OR AND AND ADMINISTR T OCEANIC A SECRE T SECRE ADMINISTR DEPUTY TIONAL OCEANS ANT T N A UNDER ADMINISTR TMOSPHERE AND FOR A TMOSPHERIC A ASSIS 120 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Sources of Information and service in ways that touch the lives of all Americans, including warning of Age and Citizenship Age search and dangerous weather, charting seas and citizenship information is available from skies, guiding our use and protection the Personal Census Search Unit, Bureau of ocean and coastal resources, and of the Census, National Processing improving our understanding and Center, P.O. Box 1545, Jeffersonville, IN stewardship of the environment which 47131. Phone, 812–218–3046. Internet, sustains us all. For further information, http://www.eda.gov. contact the Office of Communications, Economic Development Information National Oceanic and Atmospheric Clearinghouse The EDA will host on Administration, Room 6013, Fourteenth its Web site the Economic Development Street and Constitution Avenue NW., Information Clearinghouse, an online Washington, DC 20230. Phone, 202– depository of information on economic 482–6090. Fax, 202–482–3154. Internet, development. Internet, http://www.osec. http://www.noaa.gov. doc.gov/osdbu. Internet, http://www.eda. Inspector General Hotline The Office gov. of Inspector General works to promote Contracting and Small Business For economy, efficiency, and effectiveness information regarding contract and to prevent and detect fraud, opportunities, contact the Office of Small waste, abuse, and mismanagement in and Disadvantaged Business Utilization. departmental programs and operations. Phone, 202–482–1472. Internet, http:// Contact the Hotline, Inspector General, www.osec.doc.gov/osdbu. Complaint Intake Unit, Mail Stop Employment Information is available 7886, 1401 Constitution Avenue, NW, electronically through the Internet, Washington, DC 20230. Phone, 202– at www.doc.gov/ohrm. Phone, 202– 482–2495 or 800–424–5197 (toll free). 482–5138. The National Oceanic and TTD, 202–482–5923 or 856–860–6950 Atmospheric Administration has field (toll free). Fax, 855–569–9235. Email, employment offices at the Western [email protected]. Internet, http:// Administrative Support Center, Bin www.oig.doc.gov. C15700, 7600 Sand Point Way NE., Publications The titles of selected Seattle, WA 98115 (phone, 206–526– publications are printed below with 6294); 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO the operating units responsible for their 80303 (phone, 303–497–6332); 601 East issuance. These and other publications Twelfth Street, Kansas City, MO 64106 dealing with a wide range of business, (phone, 816–426–2056); and 200 World economic, environmental, scientific, Trade Center, Norfolk, VA 23510–1624 and technical matters are announced (phone, 757–441–6516). in the weekly Business Service Environment The National Oceanic and Checklist, which may be purchased Atmospheric Administration conducts from the Superintendent of Documents, research and gathers data about the Government Printing Office, Washington, oceans, atmosphere, space, and Sun, DC 20402. Phone, 202–512–1800. and applies this knowledge to science For further information, contact the Office of Public Affairs, Department of Commerce, Fourteenth Street and Constitution Avenue NW., Room 5040, Washington, DC 20230. Phone, 202–482–3263. Internet, http:// www.doc.gov.

Bureau of Industry and Security Department of Commerce, Washington, DC 20230 Phone, 202–482–2721. Internet, http://www.bis.doc.gov.

Under Secretary for Industry and Security Eric L. Hirschhorn Deputy Under Secretary Daniel O. Hill Assistant Secretary for Export Administration Kevin J. Wolf Department of Commerce 121

Assistant Secretary for Export Enforcement David W. Mills [For the Bureau of Industry and Security statement of organization, see the Federal Registers of June 7, 1988, 53 FR 20881, and April 26, 2002, 67 FR 20630]

The Bureau of Industry and Security advantage of legal export opportunities (BIS) is to advance U.S. national security, while ensuring that illegal exports will foreign policy, and economic objectives be detected and either prevented or by ensuring an effective export control investigated and sanctioned. The Office and treaty compliance system and also ensures prompt, aggressive action promoting continued U.S. strategic against restrictive trade practices; reviews technology leadership. BIS activities visa applications of foreign nationals include regulating the export of sensitive to prevent illegal technology transfers; goods and technologies in an effective and conducts cooperative enforcement and efficient manner; enforcing export activities on an international basis. control, antiboycott, and public safety For information on the Export laws; cooperating with and assisting Enforcement field offices, visit our other countries on export control and Web site at www.bis.doc.gov/about/ strategic trade issues; assisting U.S. programoffices.htm. industry to comply with international Management and Policy Coordination ​ arms control agreements; monitoring the The Management and Policy viability of the U.S. defense industrial Coordination (MPC) unit establishes and base; evaluating the effects on national evaluates the Bureau’s overall policy security of foreign investments in U.S. agenda, priorities, goals, unit objectives, companies; and supporting continued and key metrics. MPC performs oversight U.S. technology leadership in industries of program operations and expenditures; that are essential to national security. executes or supervises the President’s Export Administration The Office Management Agenda; and adjudicates of the Assistant Secretary for Export appeals of licensing and enforcement Administration is responsible for export decisions as part of an extended legal licenses, treaty compliance, treaty process involving administrative law obligations relating to weapons of mass judges and the Office of General destruction, and the defense industrial Counsel. MPC provides guidance and technology base. The Office and coordination for the Bureau’s regulates the export of dual-use items participation in the Export Control and requiring licenses for national security, Related Border Security Assistance nonproliferation, foreign policy, and short Program, which provides technical supply; ensures that approval or denial assistance to strengthen the export and of license applications is consistent transit control systems of nations that with economic and security concerns; are identified as potential locations promotes an understanding of export for the exporting of weapons of mass control regulations within the business destruction, missile delivery systems, community; represents the Department or the commodities, technologies, and in interagency and international forums equipment that can be used to design and relating to export controls, particularly build them. in multilateral regimes; monitors the availability of industrial resources of Sources of Information national defense; analyzes the impact of Business Information Information export controls on strategic industries; for the U.S. business community, and assesses the security consequences of including export news, updates to Export certain foreign investments. Administration regulations, export Export Enforcement The Office license and enforcement information, of the Assistant Secretary for Export compliance and training information, Enforcement enforces dual-use export Bureau program information, e-FOIA controls. This enables exporters to take information, export seminar event 122 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL schedules, and information on the (phone, 202–482–4811; fax, 202–482– Denied Persons List, can be found on the 2927) and on the West Coast (phone, Bureau’s Web site. Internet, http://www. 949–660–0144 or 408–998–8806; fax, bis.doc.gov. 949–660–9347 or 408–998–8677). Enforcement For enforcement-related Publications Publications available questions, contact the partnership-in- on the Bureau’s Web site include the security hotline. Phone, 800–424–2980. Bureau’s annual report, the foreign policy Outreach and Educational Services ​ export controls report, and the Exporter The Outreach and Educational Services User Manual and Licensing FAQ. Division has offices in Washington, DC For further information, contact the Office of Public Affairs, Bureau of Industry and Security, Room 3895, Fourteenth Street and Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20230. Phone, 202–482–2721. Internet, http://www.bis.doc.gov.

Economic Development Administration Department of Commerce, Washington, DC 20230 Phone, 202–482–2309. Internet, http://www.eda.gov.

Assistant Secretary for Economic Development Roy K.J. Williams Deputy Assistant Secretary for Economic Matthew Erskine Development

The Economic Development businesses, supporting the retention and Administration (EDA) was created in creation of jobs. 1965 under the Public Works and Planning grants support the design and Economic Development Act (42 U.S.C. implementation of effective economic 3121) as part of an effort to target development policies and programs, Federal resources to economically by local development organizations, in distressed areas and to help develop States and communities. EDA funds a local economies in the United States. It network of over 350 planning districts was mandated to assist rural and urban throughout the country. communities that were outside the Technical assistance provides for mainstream economy and that lagged local feasibility and industry studies, in economic development, industrial management and operational assistance, growth, and personal income. natural resource development, and EDA provides grants to States, regions, export promotion. In addition, EDA and communities across the Nation funds a network of university centers that to help wealth and minimize poverty provides technical assistance. by promoting a favorable business Research, evaluation, and environment to attract private capital demonstration funds are used to support investment and higher skill, higher studies about the causes of economic wage jobs through capacity building, distress and to seek solutions to planning, infrastructure, research grants, counteract and prevent such problems. and strategic initiatives. Through its grant Economic adjustment grants help program, EDA utilizes public sector communities adjust to a gradual erosion resources to facilitate an environment or sudden dislocation of their local where the private sector risks capital and economic structure. This assistance job opportunities are created. provides funding for both planning and Public works and development implementation to address economic facilities grants support infrastructure change. projects that foster the establishment or The Trade Adjustment Assistance expansion of industrial and commercial program helps U.S. firms and industries injured as the result of economic Department of Commerce 123 globalization. A nationwide network of For information on the EDA’s regional Trade Adjustment Assistance Centers offices, visit http://www.eda.gov/ offers low-cost, effective professional AboutEDA/Regions.xml. assistance to certified firms to develop and implement recovery strategies. For further information, contact the Economic Development Administration, Department of Commerce, Washington, DC 20230. Phone, 202–482–5081. Fax, 202–273–4781. Internet, http://www.eda.gov.

Economics and Statistics Administration Department of Commerce, Washington, DC 20230 Phone, 202–482–3727. Internet, http://www.esa.doc.gov.

Under Secretary for Economic Affairs Mark E. Doms Deputy Under Secretary (vacancy) Chief Economist Susan R. Helper Director, Bureau of the Census John H. Thompson Director, Bureau of Economic Analysis J. Steven Landefeld

The Economics and Statistics Bureau of the Census Administration (ESA), headed by the [For the Bureau of the Census statement Under Secretary for Economic Affairs, of organization, see the Federal Register has three principal components: the of Sept. 16, 1975, 40 FR 42765] Office of the Chief Economist, the The Bureau of the Census was Bureau of the Census, and the Bureau established as a permanent office by of Economic Analysis (BEA). ESA act of March 6, 1902 (32 Stat. 51). The develops policy options, analyzes major functions of the Census Bureau are economic developments, manages authorized by the Constitution, which economic data systems, and produces provides that a census of population a major share of U.S. economic and shall be taken every 10 years, and by demographic statistics, including the laws codified as title 13 of the United national economic indicators. The Under States Code. The law also provides Secretary is the chief economic adviser to that the information collected by the the Secretary and provides leadership and Census Bureau from individual persons, executive management of the Bureau of households, or establishments be kept the Census and BEA. strictly confidential and be used only for statistical purposes. Office of the Chief Economist The Census Bureau is responsible for The expert economists and analysts of the decennial censuses of population the Office of the Chief Economist analyze and housing; the quinquennial censuses domestic and international economic of State and local governments, developments and produce in-depth manufacturers, mineral industries, reports, fact sheets, briefings, and social distributive trades, construction media postings. These tools cover policy industries, and transportation; current issues and current economic events, surveys that provide information on many as well as economic and demographic of the subjects covered in the censuses trends. Department of Commerce and at monthly, quarterly, annual, or other White House policymakers rely on intervals; compilation of current statistics these tools, as do American businesses, on U.S. foreign trade, including data on State and local governments, and news imports, exports, and shipping; special organizations around the world. censuses at the request and expense of State and local government units; publication of estimates and projections of the population; publication of 124 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL current data on population and housing regional, industry, and international characteristics; and current reports on accounts that present essential manufacturing, retail and wholesale information on such issues in the world trade, services, construction, imports economy. and exports, State and local government BEA’s national economic statistics finances and employment, and other provide a comprehensive look at U.S. subjects. production, consumption, investment, The Census Bureau makes available exports and imports, and income and statistical results of its censuses, surveys, saving. The international transactions and other programs to the public through accounts provide information on trade in the Internet, mobile applications, and goods and services (including the balance other media. The Bureau also prepares of payments and trade), investment special tabulations sponsored and income, and government and private paid for by data users. It also produces finances. In addition, the accounts statistical compendia, catalogs, guides, measure the value of U.S. international and directories that are useful in locating assets and liabilities and direct information on specific subjects. Upon investment by multinational companies. request, the Bureau makes searches of The regional accounts provide data decennial census records and furnishes on total and per capita personal income certificates to individuals for use as by region, State, metropolitan area, and evidence of age, relationship, or place of county, and on gross State product. The birth. A fee is charged for searches. industry economic account provides a Internet, http://www.census.gov. detailed view of the interrelationships between U.S. producers and users and For information on the Census Bureau the contribution to production across regional offices, visit http://www.census. industries. gov/regions. For further information, contact the Public For further information, contact the Public Information Office, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Information Office, Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce, Washington, DC 20230. Department of Commerce, Washington, DC 20233. Phone, 202–606–9900. Fax, 202–606–5310. Email, Phone, 301–763–3030. Fax, 301–763–3762. Email, [email protected]. Internet, http://www. [email protected]. Internet, http://www.census.gov. bea.gov.

Bureau of Economic Analysis Sources of Information [For the Bureau of Economic Analysis Economic Analysis Publications The statement of organization, see the Federal monthly journal Survey of Current Register of Dec. 29, 1980, 45 FR 85496] Business is available from the The Bureau of Economic Analysis Government Printing Office. Current and (BEA) promotes a better understanding of historical estimates, general information, the U.S. economy by providing the most and employment opportunities are timely, relevant, and accurate economic available on BEA’s Web site at www. accounts data in an objective and bea.gov. For more information, contact cost-effective manner. BEA’s economic the Public Information Office. Phone, statistics are closely watched and 202–606–9900. Email, webmaster@bea. provide a comprehensive picture of the gov. U.S. economy. BEA prepares national, For further information, contact the Economics and Statistics Administration, Department of Commerce, Washington, DC 20230. Phone, 202–482–3727. Internet, http://www.esa.doc.gov. Department of Commerce 125 International Trade Administration Department of Commerce, Washington, DC 20230 Phone, 202–482–3917. Internet, http://www.trade.gov.

Under Secretary for International Trade Stefan M. Selig Deputy Under Secretary Ken Hyatt Assistant Secretary for Enforcement and Paul Piquado Compliance Assistant Secretary for Industries and Analysis Maureen Smith, Acting Assistant Secretary for Trade Promotion and Arun M. Kumar Director General of the U.S. and Foreign Commercial Service [For the International Trade Administration statement of organization, see the Federal Register of Jan. 25, 1980, 45 FR 6148]

The International Trade Administration U.S. companies to overseas markets, (ITA) was established on January 2, and strengthen the international 1980, by the Secretary of Commerce to trade and investment position of the promote world trade and to strengthen United States. The Office analyzes and the international trade and investment develops recommendations for region- position of the United States. and country-specific international ITA is headed by the Under Secretary economic, trade, and investment for International Trade, who coordinates policy strategies and objectives. In all issues concerning trade promotion, addition, the Office is responsible for international commercial policy, market implementing, monitoring, and enforcing access, and trade law enforcement. foreign compliance with bilateral and The Administration is responsible for multilateral trade agreements. nonagricultural trade operations of the Manufacturing and Services The U.S. Government and supports the trade Manufacturing and Services unit advises policy negotiation efforts of the U.S. on domestic and international trade Trade Representative. and investment policies affecting the Import Administration The Office of competitiveness of U.S. industry and Import Administration defends American carries on a program of research and industry against injurious and unfair trade analysis on manufacturing and services. practices by administering efficiently, Based on this analysis and interaction fairly, and in a manner consistent with with U.S. industry, the unit Secretary U.S. international trade obligations the develops strategies, policies, and antidumping and countervailing duty programs to strengthen the competitive laws of the United States. The Office position of U.S. industries in the United ensures the proper administration of States and world markets. The unit foreign trade zones and advises the manages an integrated program that Secretary on establishment of new includes both industry and economic zones; oversees the administration of analysis, trade policy development and the Department’s textiles program; and multilateral, regional, and bilateral trade administers programs governing watch agreements for manufactured goods and assemblies, and other statutory import services; administers trade arrangements programs. (other than those involving AD/CVD Market Access and Compliance ​ proceedings) with foreign governments in The Office of Market Access and product and service areas; and develops Compliance advises on the analysis, and provides business information formulation, and implementation of and assistance to the United States U.S. international economic policies on its rights and opportunities under and carries out programs to promote multilateral and other agreements. international trade, improve access by 126 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Trade Promotion and U.S. and Foreign Sources of Information Commercial Service The Trade Electronic Access The Administration Promotion and U.S. and Foreign maintains a Web site, (Internet, www. Commercial Service unit directs ITA’s trade.gov) which offers the single best export promotion programs, develops place for individuals or firms seeking and implements a unified goal-setting reports, documents, import case/ and evaluation process to increase regulations, texts of international trade assistance to small- and medium- agreements like NAFTA and GATT, sized businesses, directs a program market research, and points of contact of international trade events, market for assistance in exporting, obtaining research, and export-related trade remedies from unfair trading practices, information products and services; and or receiving help with market access directs programs to aid U.S. firms to problems. Customers are able to review compete successfully for major projects comprehensive information on how to and procurements worldwide. ITA export, search for trade information by provides a comprehensive platform of either industry or by country, learn how export assistance services to support to petition against unfairly priced imports, U.S. firms who enter or expand their and obtain information on a number of presence in overseas markets, including useful international trade-related products counseling, trade events, and outreach like overseas trade leads and agent services through 109 export assistance distributor reports. The Web site also centers located in the United States features email addresses and locations for and 158 posts located in 83 countries trade contacts in Washington, overseas, throughout the world. For a complete in major exporting centers in the United listing of ITA’s export assistance centers, States, and in other parts of the Federal both in the United States and abroad, Government. consult the Web site at www.export.gov/ eac or call the Trade Information Center at 1–800–872–8723. For further information, contact the International Trade Administration, Department of Commerce, Washington, DC 20230. Phone, 202–482–3917. Internet, http://www.trade.gov.

Minority Business Development Agency Department of Commerce, Washington, DC 20230 Phone, 202–482–2332. Internet, http://www.mbda.gov.

National Director, Minority Business Alejandrea Castillo Development Agency [For the Minority Business Development Agency statement of organization, see the Federal Register of Mar. 17, 1972, 37 FR 5650, as amended]

The Minority Business Development Agency provides national policies and Agency was established by Executive leadership in forming and strengthening order in 1969. The Agency develops a partnership of business, industry, and and coordinates a national program for government with the Nation’s minority minority business enterprise. businesses. The Agency was created to assist Business development services are minority businesses in achieving provided to the minority business effective and equitable participation in community through three vehicles: the American free enterprise system and the minority business opportunity in overcoming social and economic committees, which disseminate disadvantages that have limited information on business opportunities; their participation in the past. The the minority business development Department of Commerce 127 centers, which provide management and and business and industry in directing technical assistance and other business resources for the development of strong development services; and electronic minority businesses. commerce, which includes a Web site that shows how to start a business Sources of Information and use the service to find contract Electronic Access Comprehensive opportunities. information about programs, policy, The Agency promotes and coordinates centers, and access to the job matching the efforts of other Federal agencies database is available through the Internet in assisting or providing market at www.mbda.gov. opportunities for minority business. It Publications Copies of Minority coordinates opportunities for minority Business Today and the BDC Directory firms in the private sector. Through such may be obtained by contacting the public and private cooperative activities, Office of Business Development. Phone, the Agency promotes the participation 202–482–6022. of Federal, State, and local governments, For further information, contact the Office of the National Director, Minority Business Development Agency, Department of Commerce, Washington, DC 20230. Phone, 202–482–5061. Internet, http://www.mbda.gov.

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Department of Commerce, Washington, DC 20230 Phone, 202–482–2985. Internet, http://www.noaa.gov.

Under Secretary, Oceans and Atmosphere and Kathryn D. Sullivan Administrator Assistant Secretary, Conservation and Mark Schaefer Management and Deputy Administrator Assistant Secretary, Environmental Observation (vacancy) and Prediction and Deputy Administrator [For the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration statement of organization, see the Federal Register of Feb. 13, 1978, 43 FR 6128]

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Internet, http://www.legislative.noaa.gov/NIYS/ Administration (NOAA) was formed on index.html. October 3, 1970, by Reorganization Plan National Weather Service The National No. 4 of 1970 (5 U.S.C. app.). Weather Service (NWS) provides weather, NOAA’s mission centers on water and climate warnings, forecasts and environmental assessment, prediction, data for the United States, its Territories, and stewardship. It is dedicated to adjacent waters, and ocean areas. NWS monitoring and assessing the state of the data and products form a national environment in order to make accurate information database and infrastructure and timely forecasts to protect life, used by Government agencies, the property, and natural resources, as well private sector, the public, and the global as to promote the economic well-being community to protect life and property of the United States and to enhance and to enhance the national economy. its environmental security. NOAA is Working with partners in Government, committed to protecting America’s ocean, academic and research institutions, and coastal, and living marine resources private industry, NWS offers products and while promoting sustainable economic services that are responsive to the needs development. of the American public. NWS data and A complete listing of NOAA facilities information services support aviation and and activities in your State or Territory is marine activities, wildfire suppression, available online. and many other sectors of the economy. 128 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL NWS supports national security efforts the Nation’s use of coastal resources with long- and short-range forecasts, air through research, management, and quality and cloud dispersion forecasts, policy. NOS monitors the health of U.S. and broadcasts of warnings and critical coasts by examining how human use and information over the 800-station NOAA natural events impact coastal ecosystems. Weather Radio network. Coastal communities rely on NOS for For further information, contact the National information on natural hazards so they Weather Service, 1325 East-West Highway, Silver can more effectively reduce or eliminate Spring, MD 20910–3283. Phone, 301–713–0675. the destructive effects of coastal hazards. Fax, 301–713–0049. Internet, http://www.nws.noaa. NOS assesses the damage caused by gov. hazardous material spills and works to National Environmental Satellite, Data, restore or replace the affected coastal and Information Service The National resources. Through varied programs, Environmental Satellite, Data, and NOS protects wetlands, water quality, Information Service (NESDIS) operates beaches, and wildlife. NOS also the Nation’s civilian geostationary and provides a wide range of navigational polar-orbiting environmental satellites. products and data that assist vessels’ It also manages the largest collection safe movement through U.S. waters. It of atmospheric, climatic, geophysical, provides the basic set of information and oceanographic data in the world. that establishes the latitude, longitude, From these sources, NESDIS develops and elevation framework necessary and provides, through various media, for the Nation’s surveying, navigation, environmental data for forecasts, national positioning, and mapping activities. security, and weather warnings to protect For further information, contact the National life and property. These data are also Ocean Service, Room 13231, SSMC 4, 1305 East- used to assist in energy distribution, the West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910. Phone, development of global food supplies, the 301–713–3070. Fax, 301–713–4307. Internet, http://www.nos.noaa.gov. management of natural resources, and in the recovery of downed pilots and Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric mariners in distress. Research The Office of Oceanic and For further information, contact the National Atmospheric Research (OAR) carries Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information out research on weather, air quality and Service, 1335 East-West Highway, Silver Spring, composition, climate variability and MD 20910–3283. Phone, 301–713–3578. Fax, change, and ocean, coastal, and Great 301–713–1249. Internet, http://www.nesdis.noaa. gov/about_nesdis.html. Lakes ecosystems. OAR conducts and directs its research programs in coastal, National Marine Fisheries Service The marine, atmospheric, and space sciences National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) through its own laboratories and offices, supports the management, conservation, as well as through networks of university- and sustainable development of domestic based programs across the country. and international living marine resources For further information, contact the Office of and the protection and restoration of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, Room 11458, healthy ecosystems. NMFS is involved 1315 East-West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910. in the stock assessment of the Nation’s Phone, 301–713–2458. Fax, 301–713–0163. multibillion dollar marine fisheries. It Internet, http://www.oar.noaa.gov. protects marine mammals and threatened Office of Marine and Aviation species, conserves habitats, assists trade Operations The Office of Marine and and industry, and is active in fishery Aviation Operations maintains a fleet of enforcement. ships and aircraft, and manages several For further information, contact the National Marine safety programs. Ships and aircraft are Fisheries Service, 1315 East-West Highway, Silver used for operational data collection and Spring, MD 20910. Phone, 301–713–2239. Fax, research in support of NOAA’s mission, 301–713–2258. Internet, http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov. the Global Earth Observation System, and National Ocean Service The National the Integrated Ocean Observing System. Ocean Service (NOS) works to balance Its activities include flying “hurricane Department of Commerce 129 hunter” aircraft into nature’s most memoranda, technical reports, turbulent storms to collect data critical to monographs, nautical and aeronautical hurricane research. charts, coastal zone maps, data tapes, For further information, contact Office of Marine and a wide variety of raw and processed and Aviation Operations, Suite 500, 8403 Colesville environmental data. Information on Rd., Silver Spring, MD 20910. Phone, 301–713– NOAA products is available online. 1045. Internet, http://www.omao.noaa.gov/about. Contact the Office of Communications html. and External Affairs, Fourteenth Street and Sources of Information Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20230. Phone, 202–482–6090. Fax, Publications and Resources The 202–482–3154. Internet, http://www. Administration provides technical noaa.gov/media.html. For further information, contact the Office of Communications and External Affairs, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce, Washington, DC 20230. Phone, 202–482–6090. Internet, http://www.noaa.gov.

National Telecommunications and Information Administration Department of Commerce, Washington, DC 20230 Phone, 202–428–1840. Internet, http://www.ntia.doc.gov.

Assistant Secretary for Communications and Lawrence E. Strickling Information and Administrator [For the National Telecommunications and Information Administration statement of organization, see the Federal Register of June 5, 1978, 43 FR 24348]

The National Telecommunications and spectrum; serving as the principal Information Administration (NTIA) was Federal telecommunications research established in 1978 by Reorganization and engineering laboratory, through Plan No. 1 of 1977 (5 U.S.C. app.) NTIA’s Institute for Telecommunication and Executive Order 12046 of March Sciences, headquartered in Boulder, CO; 27, 1978 (3 CFR, 1978 Comp., p. administering Federal programs to assist 158), by combining the Office of telecommunication facilities, public Telecommunications Policy of the safety organizations, and the general Executive Office of the President and public with the transition to digital the Office of Telecommunications broadcasting; providing grants through of the Department of Commerce to the Broadband Technology Opportunities form a new agency reporting to the Program to increase broadband Secretary of Commerce. NTIA operates accessibility in underserved areas of under the authority of the National the United States; and providing grants Telecommunications and Information through the Public Telecommunications Administration Organization Act (47 Facilities Program to extend delivery or U.S.C. 901). public telecommunications services to NTIA’s principal responsibilities U.S. citizens, to increase ownership and and functions include serving as the management by women and minorities, principal executive branch adviser to and to strengthen the capabilities of the President on telecommunications existing public broadcasting stations to and information policy; developing provide telecommunications services. and presenting U.S. plans and policies at international communications Sources of Information conferences and related meetings; Publications Since 1970, several prescribing policies for and managing hundred technical reports and Federal use of the radio frequency memoranda, special publications, 130 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL contractor reports, and other information the National Telecommunications and products have been published by Information Administration, Institute NTIA or its predecessor agency. The for Telecommunication Sciences, publications are available from the Department of Commerce, Boulder, CO National Telecommunications and 80302 (phone, 303–497–3572). More Information Administration, Department information can be obtained by visiting of Commerce, Washington, DC the Web site at www.ntia.doc.gov. 20230 (phone, 202–482–1551); or For further information, contact the National Telecommunications and Information Administration, Department of Commerce, Washington, DC 20230. Phone, 202–482–1551. Internet, http://www.ntia.doc. gov.

National Institute of Standards and Technology 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 Phone, 301–975–2000. TTY, 800–877–8339. Internet, http://www.nist.gov.

Under Secretary for Standards and Technology Patrick D. Gallagher and Director The National Institute of Standards and Quality Program, which helps U.S. Technology (NIST) operates under the businesses and other organizations authority of the National Institute of improve the performance and quality Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. of their operations; the Hollings 271), which amends the Organic Act of Manufacturing Extension Partnership, March 3, 1901 (ch. 872), that created the which helps smaller firms adopt new National Bureau of Standards (NBS) in manufacturing and management 1901. In 1988, Congress renamed NBS technologies; and the Technology as NIST and expanded its activities and Innovative Program, which provides responsibilities. cost-shared awards to industry and other NIST is a nonregulatory Federal agency institutions for high-risk, high-reward within the Commerce Department. Its research in areas of critical national need. mission is to promote measurement science, standards, and technology to Sources of Information enhance productivity, facilitate trade, Publications Journal of Research of and improve the quality of life. NIST the National Institute of Standards and carries out its mission through the NIST Technology and other publications are laboratories, which conduct research available on the NIST publications portal to advance the U.S. technological at http://www.nist.gov/publication-portal. infrastructure; the Baldrige National cfm. For further information, contact the National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899. Phone, 301–975–6478. Fax, 301–926–1630. Email, [email protected]. Internet, http://www.nist.gov.

National Technical Information Service 5301 Shawnee Road, Alexandria, VA 22312 Phone, 703–605–6050; 888–584–8332. Internet, http://www.ntis.gov.

Director Bruce Borzino The National Technical Information scientific, technical, engineering, and Service (NTIS) serves as the largest business-related information available central resource for Government-funded today. For more than 60 years, the Department of Commerce 131 Service has assured businesses, which provides additional access to universities, Government, and the Federally-funded scientific, technical, public timely access to approximately 3 and engineering information. In addition, million publications covering over 350 the Service provides Web services for subject areas. The Service supports the Federal Government agencies, and it Department of Commerce mission to works closely with them to assist in promote the Nation’s economic growth implementing and maintaining their by providing access to information that training, systems, and applications. stimulates innovation and discovery. It receives no appropriations; it is mandated Sources of Information to recover its costs through fees charged Products and Services For general for its products and services. inquiries or to place a telephone NTIS collects scientific and technical order, contact the National Technical information; catalogs, abstracts, Information Service’s Customer Contact indexes, and permanently archives the Center from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m., eastern information; disseminates information standard time. Phone, 800–553–6847; through electronic and other media; and TDD, 703–487–4639; Fax, 703–605– provides information processing services 6900; Email, [email protected]. to other Federal agencies. Printed and To inquire about the Service’s electronic versions of NTIS technical information services for other Federal reports are available online through agencies, call its Office of Federal the NTIS Bibliographic Database at Services at 703–605–6800, or send an www.ntis.gov. NTIS information is also email to [email protected]. In addition, available electronically by subscribing the National Technical Information to the National Technical Reports Service can be followed on Twitter, Library. In 2011, the Service established Facebook, and YouTube. its Federal Science Repository Service, For further information, contact the National Technical Information Service Administration, 5301 Shawnee Road, Arlington, VA 22312. Phone, 703–605–6000, or 800–553–6847. Internet, http://www.ntis.gov.

United States Patent and Trademark Office 600 Dulany Street, Arlington, VA 22313 Phone, 571–272–8700. Internet, http://www.uspto.gov.

Under Secretary for Intellectual Property and (vacancy) Director Deputy Under Secretary for Intellectual Michelle K. Lee Property and Deputy Director [For the Patent and Trademark Office statement of organization, see the Federal Register of Apr. 14, 1975, 40 FR 16707]

The United States Patent and Trademark USPTO examines and issues patents. Office (USPTO) was established by the There are three major patent categories: act of July 19, 1952 (35 U.S.C. 1) to utility patents, design patents, and plant promote the progress of science and the patents. USPTO also issues statutory useful arts by securing for limited times invention registrations and processes to inventors the exclusive right to their international patent applications. respective discoveries for a certain period Through the registration of trademarks, of time (Article I, Section 8 of the United USPTO assists businesses in protecting States Constitution). The registration of their investments, promoting goods and trademarks is based on the commerce services, and safeguarding consumers clause of the U.S. Constitution. against confusion and deception in the marketplace. A trademark includes any 132 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL distinctive word, name, symbol, device, VA, houses over 120,000 volumes of or any combination thereof adopted scientific and technical books in various and used or intended to be used by a languages; 90,000 bound volumes of manufacturer or merchant to identify periodicals devoted to science and his goods or services and distinguish technology; the official journals of 77 them from those manufactured or sold foreign patent organizations; and over by others. Trademarks are examined by 40 million foreign patents on paper, the Office for compliance with various microfilm, microfiche, and CD–ROM. statutory requirements to prevent unfair competition and consumer deception. Sources of Information In addition to the examination of General Information Information patent and trademark applications, and publications concerning patents, issuance of patents, and registration of trademarks, attorneys and agents trademarks, USPTO advises and assists registered to practice before the USPTO, government agencies and officials in and USPTO satellite offices is available matters involving all domestic and global online at www.uspto.gov. Phone, aspects of intellectual property. USPTO 571–272–1000 or 800–786–9199. TTY, also promotes an understanding of 571–272–9950. intellectual property protection. Patents The United States Patent and USPTO provides public access to Trademark Office has priority programs patent, trademark, and related scientific for advancement of examination of and technical information. Patents and certain patent applications where the trademarks may be freely reviewed and invention could materially enhance the searched online at www.uspto.gov or quality of the environment of mankind. at designated Patent and Trademark For further information, contact the Depository Libraries. There are 80 Patent Commissioner for Patents, Office of and Trademark Depository Libraries Petitions, Washington, DC 20231. Phone, located within the United States and the 571–272–3282. territory of Puerto Rico. Additionally, Publications The Official Gazette of the USPTO’s Scientific and Technical USPTO and other publications can be Information Center in Alexandria, found online at www.uspto.gov. For further information, contact the Office of the Chief Communications Officer, United States Patent and Trademark Office, 600 Dulany Street, Alexandria, VA 22314. Phone, 571–272–8400. Internet, http://www. uspto.gov. EDITORIAL NOTE: The Department of Defense did not meet the publication deadline for submitting updated information of its activities, functions, and sources of information as required by the automatic disclosure provisions of the Freedom of Information Act (5 U.S.C. 552(a)(1)(A)).

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary, The Pentagon, Washington, DC 20301–1155 Phone, 703–545–6700. Internet, http://www.defense.gov.

Secretary of Defense Charles T. Hagel Deputy Secretary of Defense Robert O. Work Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Frank Kendall Technology and Logistics Under Secretary of Defense Comptroller and Mike McCord Chief Financial Officer Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence Michael G. Vickers Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Laura Junor Readiness Under Secretary of Defense for Policy Christine E. Wormuth Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense Alan Estevez for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (vacancy) Comptroller and Chief Financial Officer Principal Under Secretary of Defense for Marcel Lettre Intelligence Principal Under Secretary of Defense for Jessica Garfola Wright Personnel and Readiness Principal Under Secretary of Defense for Policy Brian P. McKeon Assistant Secretary of Defense for Acquisition Katrina G. McFarland Assistant Secretary of Asian and Pacific Security David B. Shear Affairs Assistant Secretary of Defense for Global Madelyn Creedon Strategic Affairs Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs Jonathan Woodson Assistant Secretary of Defense for Homeland Eric Rosenbach Defense and America’s Security Affairs Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Derek Chollet Security Affairs Assistant Secretary of Defense for Legislative Elizabeth L. King Affairs Assistant Secretary of Defense for Logistics & Paul D. Peters Materiel Readiness Assistant Secretary of Defense for Nuclear, Andrew C. Weber Chemical, and Biological Defense Programs Assistant Secretary of Defense for Operational (vacancy) Energy Plans and Programs Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Public Brent Colburn Affairs Assistant Secretary of Defense for Readiness (vacancy) and Force Management Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for (vacancy) Research and Engineering 133 134 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Richard O. Wightman Jr., Acting Affairs Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Michael D. Lumpkin Operations/Low-Intensity Conflict Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Michael Goodroe, Acting Intelligence Oversight Chief Information Officer Terry Halvorsen, Acting Chief Operating Officer Anthony A. Aldwell General Counsel Stephen W. Preston Inspector General Jon T. Rymer Director, Administration and Management Michael L. Rhodes Director, Cost Assessment and Program Jamie Michael Morin Evaluation Director, Operational Test and Evaluation J. Michael Gilmore Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman Gen. Martin E. Dempsey, USA Vice Chairman Adm. James A. Winnefeld, Jr., USN Chief of Staff, Army Gen. Raymond T. Odierno, USA Chief of Naval Operations Adm. Jonathan W. Greenert, USN Chief of Staff, Air Force Gen. Mark A. Welsh, III, USAF Commandant, Marine Corps Gen. James F. Amos, USMC Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman Sgt. Maj. Bryan B. Battaglia, USMC [For the Department of Defense statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 32, Chapter I, Subchapter R]

The Department of Defense provides the military forces needed to deter war and protect our Nation’s security and interests. The major elements of these forces are the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force. They are backed, in case of emergency, by members of the Reserve and National Guard. Hundreds of thousands of civilians also work in the Defense Department. Under the President, who is also Commander in Chief, the Secretary of Defense exercises authority, direction, and control over the Department, which comprises the separately organized military departments of the Army, Navy, and Air Force; the Joint Chiefs of Staff; the combatant commands; and defense agencies and field activities established for specific purposes.

The National Security Act Amendments Each military department is separately of 1949 redesignated the National organized under its own Secretary and Military Establishment as the Department functions under the authority, direction, of Defense (DOD) and established it as and control of the Secretary of Defense. an executive department (10 U.S.C. 111) The Secretary of each military department headed by the Secretary of Defense. is responsible to the Secretary of Defense Structure The Department of Defense is for the operation and efficiency of his composed of the Office of the Secretary department. Orders to the military of Defense; the military departments departments are issued through the and the military services within those Secretaries of these departments or their departments; the Chairman of the Joint designees, by the Secretary of Defense, Chiefs of Staff and the Joint Staff; the or under authority specifically delegated combatant commands; the defense in writing by the Secretary of Defense or agencies; DOD field activities; and such provided by law. other offices, agencies, activities, and The commanders of the combatant commands as may be established or commands are responsible to the designated by law or by the President or President and the Secretary of Defense the Secretary of Defense. for accomplishing the military missions assigned to them and exercising Department of Defense 135 AF F T S TION S OF CORP S AF F AF F A T T FORC E S S ARM Y AF F , T AIR OF S OF OPER , AF F CHIEFS MARINE , AL S T AF F V CHAIRMAN , JOINT S T OF AN T N A CHIEFS CHIEFS JOINT OF VICE OF THE CHIEF JOINT JOINT CHIEF CHIEF COMMAN D COMMAND S CHAIRMAN, COMMAN D COMMAN D ANT T TIONS COMMAN D A TION A COMMAN D COMMAN D COMMAN D COMMAN D T COMB A COMMAN D OPER COMMAN D COMMAN D FORCES TEGIC THERN OPEAN CIFIC GENERA L A AFRICA CENTRAL EU R JOINT NO R SPECIAL STR A P SOUTHERN TRANSPO R OR INSPEC T VICE SER GENC Y A VIC E Y GENC Y SECURITY A A R AGENCY SE R GENC Y GENC Y ARIE S A T OJECTS A GENC Y ARIE S A TION P R AGENCY ENCE SECRE T GENC Y ALENTS GENCIE S A TION A OFFICE GENC Y A SECRE GENC Y UI V A THE A DEFENS E DEFENS E SECRE T GEMENT GENC Y A E Q GENC Y CCOUNTING A VIC E OF ANT OF SYSTEMS OF A A R UDIT GENC Y Y A MAN RESEARCH A VICES AND AGENCY/CENTRAL SE COOPER TRANSFORM A DEFENSE UNDER R PROTECTION AND TION TIAL-INTELLIG AGENCY C T CT REDUCTION ASSIS T A OFFICE SE T ANCED V FORCE D USINESS DEFENSE GEOSP RECONNAISSANCE SECURITY SECURITY COMMISSA R CONTR A CONTR A FINANCE INTELLIGENCE LEGAL LOGISTICS SECURITY B INFORM A THRE A A DEFENS E DEFENSE OF DEFENS E Y AGON O F OF OF A R TIONAL TIONAL TIONAL T Y FORC E FORC E AF F NA NA NA PENT DEFENSE MISSILE DEFENSE DEFENSE DEFENSE DEFENSE DEFENSE DEFENSE DEFENSE DEFENSE DEFENSE DEFENSE DEFENSE DEFENSE FORC E FORC E A R AN D S T MAJO R AIR GENCIE S AIR CHIEF SECRE A AIR AIR COMMAND S THE THE SECRE T OF O F Y DEPUTY Y A R AN T A R ARIE S TMENT T TH E TMENT FORC E AN D A R UNDE R OF AIR ASSIS T SECRE A R SECRE T DE P SECRE T OFFIC E TIO N A DE P POLICE CTIVITIE S CTIVIT Y AN T A A Y MAJO R A R CENTE R AN D VICE S RESOURCE S ADMINISTR MARIN E MARIN E GENCIE S TION CORP S FIELD A RESOURC E A COMMAND S MILI T V Y OF SE R V Y TION / CORPS COMMAN D A A N A N AR EDUC HUMAN TEST W CTIVIT Y TERS THE SECURITY A THE DEFENSE O F ADJUSTMEN T A R OF A L INFORM TION S OF U V O F OF MAJO R Y AN D CTIVITY N A DEFENSE DEFENSE DEFENSE CENTE R A CHIEF VY GENCIE S A R A GEMENT T OPER A COMMAND S HEAD Q OF OF OF TMENT N A TMENT ECONOMIC A R ON A R MEDIA PRISONERS TECHNICAL TECHNOLOGY Y MAN A V Y SECRE GEMENT OF DE P A R AN T TMENT TMENT TMENT N A ARIE S DE P A R A R A R CTIVIT Y AN D MAN A A THE UNDE R ASHING T DEFENSE DEFENSE DEFENSE DEFENSE DE P OFFICE TRICARE DE P DE P W ASSIS T SECRE T OF SECRE T O F ARM Y AF F MAJO R ARM Y AN D ARM Y S T GENCIE S CHIEF THE A THE COMMAND S ARMY OF O F Y Y A R T A R TMENT AN T ARM Y ARIE S T T A R AN D UNDE R THE SECRE DE P ASSIS T SECRE OF SECRE 136 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL command authority over forces assigned Defense for achieving and maintaining to them. The operational chain of information superiority in support of command runs from the President to the DOD missions, while exploiting or Secretary of Defense to the commanders denying an adversary’s ability to do the of the combatant commands. The same. The Assistant Secretary of Defense Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff also serves as the Chief Information functions within the chain of command Officer. by transmitting the orders of the Personnel and Readiness The Under President or the Secretary of Defense Secretary of Defense for Personnel to the commanders of the combatant and Readiness is the principal staff commands. assistant and adviser to the Secretary of Defense for policy matters relating to Office of the Secretary of Defense the structure and readiness of the total Secretary of Defense The Secretary of force. Functional areas include readiness; Defense is the principal defense policy civilian and military personnel policies, adviser to the President and is responsible programs, and systems; civilian and for the formulation of general defense military equal opportunity programs; policy and policy related to DOD and health policies, programs, and activities; for the execution of approved policy. Reserve component programs, policies, Under the direction of the President, the and activities; family policy, dependents’ Secretary exercises authority, direction, education, and personnel support and control over the Department of programs; mobilization planning and Defense. requirements; language capabilities Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics ​ and programs; and the Federal Voting The Under Secretary of Defense for Assistance Program. The Under Secretary Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics is of Defense (Personnel and Readiness) the principal staff assistant and adviser to also serves as the Chief Human Capital the Secretary of Defense for all matters Officer. relating to the DOD Acquisition System; Policy The Under Secretary of Defense research and development; modeling for Policy is the principal staff assistant and simulation; systems engineering; and adviser to the Secretary of Defense advanced technology; developmental for policy matters relating to overall test and evaluation; production; systems international security policy and integration; logistics; installation political-military affairs and represents management; military construction; the Department at the National Security procurement; environment, safety, and Council and other external agencies occupational health management; utilities regarding national security policy. and energy management; business Functional areas include homeland management modernization; document defense; NATO affairs; foreign military services; and nuclear, chemical, and sales; arms limitation agreements; biological defense programs. international trade and technology Intelligence The Under Secretary of security; regional security affairs; special Defense for Intelligence is the principal operations and low-intensity conflict; staff assistant and adviser to the Secretary stability operations; integration of and Deputy Secretary of Defense for departmental plans and policies with intelligence, intelligence-related matters, overall national security objectives; drug counterintelligence, and security. control policy, requirements, priorities, The Under Secretary of Defense for systems, resources, and programs; and Intelligence supervises all intelligence issuance of policy guidance affecting and intelligence-related affairs of DOD. departmental programs. Networks and Information Integration ​ Additional Staff In addition, the The Assistant Secretary of Defense Secretary and Deputy Secretary of (Networks and Information Integration) Defense are assisted by a special staff is the principal staff assistant and adviser of assistants, including the Assistant to the Secretary and Deputy Secretary of Secretary of Defense for Legislative Department of Defense 137 Affairs; the General Counsel; the The Vice Chairman of the Joint Inspector General; the Assistant Secretary Chiefs performs duties assigned by the of Defense for Public Affairs; the Assistant Chairman, with the approval of the to the Secretary of Defense (Intelligence Secretary of Defense. The Vice Chairman Oversight); the Director of Administration acts as Chairman when there is a vacancy and Management; the Under Secretary in the office of the Chairman or in the of Defense (Comptroller)/Chief Financial absence or disability of the Chairman. Officer; the Director of Operational The Vice Chairman, while so serving, Test and Evaluation; Director, Business holds the grade of general or admiral and Transformation; Director, Net Assessment; outranks all other officers of the Armed Director, Program Analysis and Forces except the Chairman of the Joint Evaluation; and such other officers as Chiefs of Staff. the Secretary of Defense establishes to Joint Staff The Joint Staff, under the assist him in carrying out his duties and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, responsibilities. assists the Chairman and the other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in Joint Chiefs of Staff carrying out their responsibilities. The Joint Chiefs of Staff consist of the The Joint Staff is headed by a Director Chairman; the Vice Chairman; the Chief who is selected by the Chairman in of Staff of the Army; the Chief of Naval consultation with the other members Operations; the Chief of Staff of the of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and with the Air Force; and the Commandant of the approval of the Secretary of Defense. Marine Corps. The Chairman of the Joint Officers assigned to serve on the Joint Chiefs of Staff is the principal military Staff are selected by the Chairman in adviser to the President, the National approximate equal numbers from the Security Council, and the Secretary of Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Defense. The other members of the Joint Force. Chiefs of Staff are military advisers who may provide additional information upon Combatant Commands request from the President, the National The combatant commands are military Security Council, or the Secretary of commands with broad continuing Defense. They may also submit their missions maintaining the security and advice when it does not agree with that defense of the United States against of the Chairman. Subject to the authority attack; supporting and advancing the of the President and the Secretary of national policies and interests of the Defense, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs United States and discharging U.S. of Staff is responsible for assisting the military responsibilities in their assigned President and the Secretary of Defense areas; and preparing plans, conducting in providing strategic direction and operations, and coordinating activities of planning for the Armed Forces; making the forces assigned to them in accordance recommendations for the assignment with the directives of higher authority. of responsibilities within the Armed The operational chain of command Forces; comparing the capabilities of runs from the President to the Secretary American and allied Armed Forces with of Defense to the commanders of the those of potential adversaries; preparing combatant commands. The Chairman and reviewing contingency plans that of the Joint Chiefs of Staff serves as the conform to policy guidance; preparing spokesman for the commanders of the joint logistic and mobility plans; and combatant commands, especially on recommending assignment of logistic and the administrative requirements of their mobility responsibilities. commands. The Chairman, while so serving, holds For a complete listing of the combatant the grade of general or admiral and commands, including a map of outranks all other officers of the Armed each command’s geographic area of Forces. responsibility and links to command 138 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Web sites, visit http://www.defense.gov/ their means of delivery is prevented; specials/unifiedcommand/. diversion of defense-related goods to terrorists is prevented; legitimate defense Field Activities cooperation with foreign friends and Counterintelligence Field Activity The allies is supported; and the health of the DOD Counterintelligence Field Activity defense industrial base is assured. was established in 2002 to build a Education Activity The Department Defense counterintelligence (CI) system of Defense Education Activity (DODEA) that is informed by national goals and was established in 1992. It consists of objectives and supports the protection two subordinate organizational entities: of DOD personnel and critical assets the Department of Defense Dependents from foreign intelligence services, foreign Schools (DODDS) and the Department of terrorists, and other clandestine or covert Defense Domestic Dependent Elementary threats. The desired end is a transformed and Secondary Schools (DDESS). DODEA Defense CI system that integrates and formulates, develops, and implements synchronizes the counterintelligence policies, technical guidance, and activities of the military departments, standards for the effective management of defense agencies, Joint Staff, and Defense dependents education activities combatant commands. and programs. It also plans, directs, Defense Technical Information Center ​ coordinates, and manages the education The Defense Technical Information programs for eligible dependents of U.S. Center (DTIC) is a field activity in military and civilian personnel stationed the Office of the Under Secretary of overseas and stateside; evaluates Defense (Acquisition, Technology, and the programmatic and operational Logistics). It operates under the authority, policies and procedures for DODDS direction, and control of the Director, and DDESS; and provides education Defense Research and Engineering. activity representation at meetings and DTIC provides defense scientific and deliberations of educational panels and technical information, offers controlled advisory groups. access to defense information, and Human Resources Field Activity The designs and hosts more than 100 DOD Department of Defense Human Web sites. DTIC’s collections include Resources Activity (DODHRA) enhances technical reports, summaries of research the operational effectiveness and in progress, independent research efficiency of a host of dynamic and and development material, defense diverse programs supporting the Office technology transfer agreements, and of the Under Secretary of Defense for DOD planning documents. Personnel and Readiness. The Field Defense Technology Security Activity supports policy development, Administration The Defense performs research and analysis, Technology Security Administration supports readiness and reengineering (DTSA) is the central DOD point efforts, manages the largest automated of contact for development and personnel data repositories in the world, implementation of technology security prepares tomorrow’s leaders through policies governing defense articles and developmental programs, supports services and dual-use commodities. recruiting and retaining talented DTSA administers the development and personnel, and delivers both benefits and implementation of DOD technology critical services to warfighters and their security policies on international transfers families. of defense-related goods, services, and TRICARE Management Activity The technologies to ensure that critical U.S. TRICARE Management Activity military technological advantages are (TMA) was formed in 1998 from the preserved; transfers that could prove consolidation of the TRICARE Support detrimental to U.S. security interests Office (formerly Civilian Health and are controlled and limited; proliferation Medical Program of the Uniformed of weapons of mass destruction and Services (CHAMPUS) headquarters), the Department of Defense 139 Defense Medical Programs Activity, and consultations and other appropriate the integration of health management measures, maintains viable channels of program functions formerly located in communications on POW/MIA matters the Office of the Assistant Secretary of between DOD and Congress, the families Defense for Health Affairs. The mission of of the missing, and the American public. TMA is to manage TRICARE; manage the Office of Economic Adjustment The Defense Health Program appropriation; Office of Economic Adjustment (OEA) provide operational direction and assists communities that are adversely support to the Uniformed Services in affected by base closures, expansions, the management and administration of or realignments and Defense contract the TRICARE program; and administer or program cancellations. OEA provides CHAMPUS. technical and financial assistance to Test Resource Management The Test those communities and coordinates other Resource Management Center (TRMC) is Federal agencies’ involvement through a DOD Field Activity under the authority, the Defense Economic Adjustment direction, and control of the Under Program. Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Washington Headquarters Services ​ Technology, and Logistics. The Center Washington Headquarters Services develops policy, plans for, and assesses (WHS), established as a DOD Field the adequacy of the major range and test Activity on October 1, 1977, is under facility base to provide adequate testing the authority, direction, and control in support of development, acquisition, of the Director of Administration and fielding, and sustainment of defense Management. WHS provides a wide systems. TRMC develops and maintains range of administrative and operational the test and evaluation resources strategic services to the Office of the Secretary of plan, reviews the proposed DOD test Defense, specified DOD components, and evaluation budgets, and certifies the Federal Government activities, and the adequacy of the proposed budgets and general public. This support includes whether they provide balanced support contracting and procurement; Defense of the strategic plan. TRMC manages the facilities management; Pentagon Central Test and Evaluation Investment renovation and construction; directives Program, the Test and Evaluation Science and records management; financial and Technology Program, and the Joint management; library service; human Mission Environment Test Capability resource services for executive, political, Program. military, and civilian personnel; Defense Prisoner of War/Missing personnel security services; support Personnel Office The Defense Prisoner for advisory boards and commissions; of War/Missing Personnel Office (DPMO) legal services and advice; information was established in 1993 to provide technology and data systems support; centralized management of prisoner of enterprise information technology war/missing personnel affairs within the infrastructure services; and planning and DOD. DPMO’s primary responsibilities evaluation functions. include leadership for and policy Defense Media Activity Defense Media oversight over all efforts to account for Activity (DMA) gathers and reports Americans still missing from past conflicts Defense news and information from all and the recovery of and accounting levels in the Department to the DOD for those who may become isolated in family worldwide through the Armed hostile territory in future conflicts. The Forces Radio and Television Network, the Office also provides administrative and Internet, and printed publications. DMA logistical support to the U.S.-Russia reports news about individual soldiers, Joint Commission on POW/MIAs; sailors, marines, airmen, and Defense conducts research and analysis to help civilian employees to the American resolve cases of those unaccounted for; public through the Hometown News examines DOD documents for possible Service. DMA provides World Wide public disclosure; and, through periodic Web infrastructure and services for DOD 140 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL organizations. It collects, processes, and Joint Chiefs of Staff: Internet, http:// stores DOD imagery products created www.jcs.mil. by the Department and makes them Central Command: Internet, http:// available to the American public. It www.centcom.mil. trains the Department’s public affairs and Combatant Commands: Internet, visual information military and civilian http://www.defense.gov/specials/ professionals. DMA also operates Stars unifiedcommand. and Stripes, a news and information European Command: Internet, http:// organization, free of Government www.eucom.mil. editorial control and censorship for Joint Forces Command: Internet, http:// military audiences overseas. www.jfcom.mil. Pacific Command: Internet, http:// Sources of Information www.pacom.mil. News Organizations Official news Northern Command: Internet, http:// releases and transcripts of press www.northcom.mil. conferences are available online. Southern Command: Internet, http:// Newspapers and radio and television www.southcom.mil. stations may subscribe to receive news Strategic Command: Internet, http:// releases about individual military www.stratcom.mil. members and Defense Department Transportation Command: Internet, civilian employees at no cost. Phone, http://www.transcom.mil. 210–925–6541. Email, hometown@dma. Employment Positions are filled mil. Internet, http://www.defense.gov/ by a variety of sources. Information news/articles.aspx. concerning current vacancies and how Audiovisual Products Certain to apply for positions may be found at Department of Defense productions https://storm.psd.whs.mil. Assistance in on film and videotapes, CD–ROMs, applying for positions is also available and other audiovisual products such as from our Human Resources Services stock footage and still photographs are Center Help Desk at 703–604–6219, available to the public. For an up-to- 7:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. weekdays, or date, full-text, searchable listing of the by writing to Washington Headquarters Department’s inventory of photographs Services, 2521 South Clark Street, Suite and films of operations, exercises, and 4000, Arlington, VA 22202. historical events or for interactive training Speakers Civilian and military officials materials, contact the Defense Imagery from the Department of Defense are Management Center. Phone, 888– available to speak to numerous public 743–4662. Email, [email protected]. and private sector groups interested Internet, http://www.defenseimagery.mil. in a variety of defense-related topics, Contracts and Small Business Activities ​ including the global war on terrorism. Contact the Director, Small and Requests for speakers should be Disadvantaged Business Utilization, addressed to the Director for Community Office of the Secretary of Defense, 3061 Relations and Public Liaison, 1400 Defense Pentagon, Washington, DC Defense Pentagon, Room 2C546, 20301–3061. Phone, 703–588–8631. Washington, DC 20310–1400, or by DOD Directives and Instructions ​ calling 703–695–2733. Contact the Executive Services Pentagon Tours For information on and Communications Directorate, guided tours of the Pentagon, send an Washington Headquarters Services, 1155 email using the address below, call Defense Pentagon, Washington, DC 703–697–1776, or write to the Office 20301–1155. Phone, 703–601–4722. of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Electronic Access Information about Public Affairs, 1400 Defense Pentagon, the following offices is available as listed Washington, DC 20301–1400. Email, below: osd.pentagon.pa.mbx.pentagon-tours- Office of the Secretary of Defense: [email protected]. Internet, https:// Internet, http://www.defense.gov/osd. pentagontours.osd.mil/. Department of Defense 141

For further information concerning the Department of Defense, contact the Director, Directorate for Public Inquiry and Analysis, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs, 1400 Defense Pentagon, Washington, DC 20301–1400. Phone, 703–428–0711. Internet, http://www.defense.gov.

Department of the Air Force 1690 Air Force Pentagon, Washington, DC 20330–1670 Phone, 703–697–6061. Internet, http://www.af.mil.

Air Force Secretariat Secretary of the Air Force Deborah Lee James Under Secretary of the Air Force Eric K. Fanning Deputy Chief Management Officer David Tillotson, III Deputy Under Secretary, International Affairs Heidi H. Grant Deputy Under Secretary, Space Troy E. Meink Director, Air Force Small Business Programs Carol E. White, Acting Administrative Assistant Patricica J. Zarodkiewicz Auditor General Daniel F. McMillin Assistant Secretary, Acquisition William A. LaPlante, Jr. Assistant Secretary, Financial Management and Lisa S. Disbrow Comptroller General Counsel Gordon O. Tanner Assistant Secretary, Installations, Environment Miranda A. Ballentine and Logistics Inspector General Lt. Gen. Stephen P. Mueller Legislative Liaison Maj. Gen. Thomas W. Bergeson Assistant Secretary, Manpower and Reserve Daniel R. Sitterly, Acting Affairs Director, Public Affairs Brig. Gen. Kathleen A. Cook Information Dominance and Chief Information Lt. Gen. Michael J. Basla Officer (SAF/CIO A6) Air Staff Chief of Staff Gen. Mark A. Welsh, III Vice Chief of Staff Gen. Larry O. Spencer Air Force Sexual Assault Prevention and Maj. Gen. Gina M. Grosso Response Assistant Vice Chief of Staff Lt. Gen. Stephen L. Hoog Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force CMSAF James A. Cody Deputy Chief of Staff, Manpower, Personnel Lt. Gen. Samuel D. Cox and Services (A1) Deputy Chief of Staff, Intelligence, Surveillance Lt. Gen. Robert P. Otto and Reconnaissance (A2) Deputy Chief of Staff, Operations, Plans and Lt. Gen. Burton M. Field Requirements (A3/5) Deputy Chief of Staff, Logistics, Installations Lt. Gen. Judith A. Fedder and Mission Support (A4/7) Deputy Chief of Staff, Strategic Plans and Lt. Gen. Michael R. Moeller Programs (A8) Director, Studies and Analyses, Assessments Jacqueline R. Henningsen and Lessons Learned (A9) Assistant Chief of Staff, Strategic Deterrence and Maj. Gen. Garrett Harencak Nuclear Integration (A10) Chief of Chaplains Maj. Gen. Howard D. Stendahl 142 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Air Staff Director, History and Museums Policies and Walter Grudzinskas, Acting Programs Judge Advocate General Maj. Gen. Robert G. Kenney, Acting Chief of Air Force Reserve Lt. Gen. James F. Jackson Scientific Advisory Board Eliahu H. Niewood Chief of Safety Maj. Gen. Kurt Neubauer Surgeon General Lt. Gen. Thomas W. Travis Chief Scientist Mica R. Endsley-Jones Test and Evaluation Randall G. Walder Director, Air National Guard Lt. Gen. Stanley E. Clarke, III Major Commands Air Combat Command Gen. G. Michael Hostage, III Air Education and Training Command Gen. Robin Rand Air Force Global Strike Command Lt. Gen. Stephen W. Wilson Air Force Materiel Command Gen. Janet C. Wolfenbarger Air Force Reserve Command Lt. Gen. James F. Jackson Air Force Space Command Gen. William L. Shelton Air Force Special Operations Command Lt. Gen. Eric E. Fiel Air Mobility Command Gen. Paul J. Selva Pacific Air Forces Gen. Hawk J. Carlisle U.S. Air Forces in Europe Gen. Frank Gorenc

The Department of the Air Force defends our national interests by retaining air and space superiority; conducting intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance; staying rapidly and globally mobile; expanding global strike capabilities; and maintaining command and control systems.

The Department of the Air Force (USAF) Air Staff The Air Staff provides was established as part of the National professional assistance to the Secretary, Military Establishment by the National the Under Secretary, the Assistant Security Act of 1947 (61 Stat. 502) and Secretaries, and the Chief of Staff in came into being on September 18, 1947. executing their responsibilities. The National Security Act Amendments Field Organizations The major of 1949 redesignated the National commands, field operating agencies, Military Establishment as the Department and direct reporting units together of Defense, established it as an executive represent the field organizations of the department, and made the Department of Air Force. These are organized primarily the Air Force a military department within on a functional basis in the United States the Department of Defense (63 Stat. and on a geographic basis overseas. 578). The Department of the Air Force is These commands are responsible for separately organized under the Secretary accomplishing certain phases of the of the Air Force. It operates under the worldwide activities of the Air Force. authority, direction, and control of the They also are responsible for organizing, Secretary of Defense (10 U.S.C. 8010). administering, equipping, and training The Department comprises the Office their subordinate elements for the of the Secretary of the Air Force, the Air accomplishment of assigned missions. Staff, and field organizations. Secretary The Secretary is responsible Major Commands: Continental U.S. for matters pertaining to organization, Commands training, logistical support, maintenance, Air Combat Command The Air Combat welfare of personnel, administrative, Command operates Air Force bombers recruiting, research and development, and CONUS-based, combat-coded and other activities prescribed by the fighter and attack aircraft. It organizes, President or the Secretary of Defense. Department of Defense 143 SES, Y EUROPE AND Y AL ANAL LEARNED AIRS ARD VISOR AND BO PUBLIC AFF GENER COUNSEL AD SCIENTIFIC LESSONS ASSESSMENTS TUDIES S CIFIC A P Y Y AFF AR AR T S ANS ARD GEMENT AND AIRS) AMS) OF PL U VE OF GU AFF SECRET SECRET Y WER MANA FORCE VE CHIEF PROGR TEGIC BUREA RESER CHIEF ANT ANT A AIR AIR COMPTROLLER) Y T T TIONAL T TR MOBILIT AND (MANPO NA RESER (S AND ASSIS ASSIS DEPU (FINANCIAL T) SERGEANT FORCE AFF TIONS T A S AIR TION TIONS TER A OF ALL TE AL TIVE SUPPOR T A TION THE DOMINANCE) MAS A SPECIAL AND A T OC OPER INS OF V JUDGE CHIEF INFORMA ALU Y LIAISON TION OFFICER GENER TES AD Y CHIEF EV LEGISL AR T TICS, MISSION Y CHIEF T CE) AND DEPU FORCE A (LOGIS (INFORMA SECRET FORCE (SP DEPU CE AFF A T FORCE AIR S AIR SP UNDER AFF OF T AIR THE S AFF T S THE OF OF CHIEF THE Y OF OF OF AR VICE CHIEF Y CHIEF AR ANT T VE VICE SECRET AMS ASSIS RESER TMENT SECRET BUSINESS Y Y AFF AR T OR AR UNDER ANS PROGR S T T PL AMS SMALL POLICIES OF OR HIS AL SECRET OF DEP CHIEF TIONS, PROGR CHIEF OR A ANT GENER SCIENTIS CQUISITION) Y INSPECT T REQUIREMENTS) T TERIEL (A MUSEUMS AND MA (OPER AND DIRECT ASSIS DEPU AND , Y ANCE AFF AR T S ANCE) VEILL OF TICS) AL AL OF TRIKE OR AINS ENVIRONMENT S SUR SECRET GLOBAL LOGIS UDIT CHIEF A CHIEF ANT GENER GENER SURGEON Y TIONS, CHAPL T A RECONNAISS T AND ALL T AND ASSIS DEPU (INTELLIGENCE, (INS TION A Y AINING AR AFF TR TION) T AFF EDUC A AIRS) S T S AND AIR OF AFF TIVE OF A Y SECRET OF ANT VICES) PERSONNEL INTEGR T TR DETERRENCE CHIEF AFET SER CHIEF TIONAL S CHIEF WER, UNDER ASSIS Y T T ANT TEGIC Y T AND T ADMINIS A T NUCLEAR TR AIR ARIA COMMANDS DEPU (S (INTERNA (MANPO AFF ASSIS DEPU AND COMBA T S SECRET AIR MAJOR 144 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL trains, equips, and maintains combat- air, space, and cyberspace capabilities. ready forces for rapid deployment and The command uses an integrated, employment while ensuring strategic efficient life cycle management air defense forces are ready to meet the approach in its operations to ensure challenges of peacetime air sovereignty the best possible support to warfighters and wartime air defense. while ensuring good stewardship of Internet, http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/FactSheets/ taxpayer dollars. Display/tabid/224/Article/104461/air-combat- Internet, http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/FactSheets/ command.aspx. Display/tabid/224/Article/104481/air-force- materiel-command.aspx. Air Education and Training Command The Air Education and Air Force Reserve Command The Training Command recruits, assesses, Air Force Reserve Command’s airmen commissions, educates, and trains Air operate every major Air Force weapons Force enlisted and officer personnel. It system. The Air Force Reserve provides provides basic military training, initial the Air Force with a surge capacity in and advanced technical training, flying times of crisis. Approximately 70,000 training, and professional military and citizen airmen from all Air Force degree-granting professional education. specialties are maintained “mission The Command also conducts joint, ready” and trained to the same standards medical service, readiness, and Air Force as regular Air Force airmen. security assistance training. Internet, http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/FactSheets/ Internet, http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/FactSheets/ Display/tabid/224/Article/104473/air-force-reserve- Display/tabid/224/Article/104471/air-education- command.aspx. and-training-command.aspx. Air Force Space Command The Air Air Force Global Strike Command The Force Space Command provides space Air Force Global Strike Command and cyberspace capabilities including organizes, trains, and equips the Air missile warning, space control, spacelift, Force’s three intercontinental ballistic satellite operations, and designated missile wings, two B–52 Stratofortress cyberspace activities. wings, and the only B–2 Spirit wing. Internet, http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/FactSheets/ These three weapons systems make Display/tabid/224/Article/104526/air-force-space- up two-thirds of the Nation’s strategic command.aspx. nuclear triad by providing land-based Air Force Special Operations Command ​ and airborne nuclear deterrent forces. The Air Force Special Operations Internet, http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/FactSheets/ Command provides the air component Display/tabid/224/Article/104462/air-force-global- of U.S. Special Operations Command, strike-command.aspx. deploying specialized air power and Air Force Materiel Command The delivering special operations combat Air Force Materiel Command delivers power. war-winning expeditionary capabilities Internet, http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/FactSheets/ through research, development, test, Display/tabid/224/Article/104528/air-force-special- evaluation, acquisition, modernization, operations-command.aspx. and sustainment of aerospace weapon Air Mobility Command The Air systems throughout their life cycles. Mobility Command provides airlift, Those weapon systems include Air air refueling, special air missions, and Force fighter, bomber, cargo, and attack aeromedical evacuation for U.S. forces. It fleets and armament. They also include also supplies forces to theater commands net-centric command and control to support wartime tasking. assets; intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance assets; and combat Internet, http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/FactSheets/ Display/tabid/224/Article/104566/air-mobility- support information systems. In command.aspx. addition, the command oversees basic research and development supporting Department of Defense 145 Major Commands: Overseas compliance and restoration, and audit Commands assertions, acquisition, and program management. AFCEC conducts its Pacific Air Forces The Pacific Air Forces operations at more than 75 locations are responsible for planning, conducting, worldwide. and coordinating offensive and defensive air operations in the Pacific and Asian Internet, http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/FactSheets/ theaters. Display/tabid/224/Article/104487/air-force-civil- engineer-center.aspx. Internet, http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/FactSheets/ Display/tabid/224/Article/104483/pacific-air-forces. Air Force Cost Analysis Agency The aspx. Air Force Cost Analysis Agency (AFCAA) performs nonadvocate cost analyses for U.S. Air Forces in Europe The U.S. Air major space, aircraft, and information Forces in Europe plan, conduct, control, system programs as required by public coordinate, and support air and space law and Department of Defense policy. operations to achieve United States The agency supports the Air Force-wide national and NATO objectives. cost analysis program by developing Internet, http://www.af.mil/AFSites.aspx?srViewSite​ and maintaining cost-estimating tools, =1043. techniques, and infrastructure. AFCAA A list of active Major Commands, provides guidance, analytical support, Direct Reporting Units, and Field quantitative risk analyses, and special Operating Agencies is available online. studies in support of long-range planning, Internet, http://www.af.mil/publicwebsites/index. force structure, analysis of alternatives, asp. and lifecycle cost analyses. Air Force Financial Services Center ​ Field Operating Agencies The Air Force Financial Services Center provides customer service and support Air National Guard Readiness Center ​ to Active Duty and Reserve military and The Air National Guard Readiness civilian customers throughout the world. Center performs the operational and The center is responsible for processing technical tasks associated with manning, temporary and permanent duty travel equipping, and training Air National claims previously performed at base-level Guard units to required readiness levels. Financial Services Offices. Internet, http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/FactSheets/ Air Force Flight Standards Agency The Display/tabid/224/Article/104546/air-national- Air Force Flight Standards Agency guard.aspx. performs worldwide inspection of Air Force Audit Agency The Air Force airfields, navigation systems, and Audit Agency provides all levels of Air instrument approaches. It provides flight Force management with independent, standards to develop Air Force instrument objective, and quality audit services requirements and certifies procedures that include: reviewing and promoting and directives for cockpit display and economy, effectiveness, and efficiency navigation systems. It also provides air of operations; evaluating programs and traffic control and airlift procedures and activities and assisting management in evaluates air traffic control systems and achieving intended results; and assessing airspace management procedures. and improving Air Force fiduciary Air Force Historical Research Agency ​ stewardship and the accuracy of financial The Air Force Historical Research Agency reporting. serves as a repository for Air Force Air Force Civil Engineer Center The historical records and provides research Air Force Civil Engineer Center (AFCEC) facilities for scholars and the general provides responsive, flexible enterprise- public. wide installation engineering services, Air Force Intelligence Analysis including facility investment planning, Agency The Air Force Intelligence design and construction, operations Analysis Agency provides national- support, real property management, level intelligence as part of the national readiness, energy support, environmental intelligence community and tailored 146 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL intelligence analysis to Air Force senior trial counsel, and appellate headquarters, including authoritative defense and government counsel in the air, air defense, political-military, and Air Force, as well as all Air Force civil strategic products and assessments. litigators defending the Air Force against The agency is also the Department of civil law suits claiming damages and Defense’s intelligence lead for civilian seeking other remedies in contracts, aviation intelligence analysis. It maintains environmental, labor, and tort litigation. the HQ USAF Sensitive Compartmented Air Force Medical Operations Intelligence Local Wide Area Network Agency The Air Force Medical components for the National Capital Operations Agency assists the Air Force Region, manages physical security Surgeon General in developing plans, requirements, and produces classified programs, and policies for the medical media for headquarters staff. service, aerospace medicine, clinical Air Force Intelligence, Surveillance investigations, quality assurance, and Reconnaissance Agency The Air health promotion, family advocacy, Force Intelligence, Surveillance and bioenvironmental engineering, military Reconnaissance Agency organizes, trains, public health, and radioactive material equips, and presents assigned forces management. and capabilities to conduct intelligence, Air Force Medical Support Agency The surveillance, and reconnaissance for Air Force Medical Support Agency combatant commanders and the Nation provides comprehensive consultative through personnel assigned at two support and policy development for the wings, two centers, and one intelligence, Air Force Surgeon General in medical surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) force management; and operational group, with locations around the world. support for ground and air expeditionary Internet, http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/FactSheets/ medical capabilities used in global, Display/tabid/224/Article/104553/air-force-isr- homeland security, and force health agency.aspx. protection, as well as all aspects of Air Force Inspection Agency The Air medical and dental services, aerospace Force Inspection Agency serves as the medicine operations, and medical primary action arm of the Secretary support functions. of the Air Force inspection system. In Air Force Mortuary Affairs Operations ​ partnership with the office of Air Force The Air Force Mortuary Affairs Operations Smart Operations, the agency promotes is a field operations agency of the Deputy Air Force Smart Operations for the Chief of Staff for Manpower, Personnel 21st Century (AFSO21) and provides and Services that works in support of the assistance for process improvement entire Department of Defense and other activities. Federal entities. It helps in fulfilling the Nation’s commitment of giving dignity, Internet, http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/FactSheets/ honor, and respect to the fallen and care, Display/tabid/224/Article/104564/air-force- inspection-agency.aspx. service, and support to their families. Air Force Agency for Modeling and Air Force Installation Contracting Simulation The Air Force Agency for Agency The Air Force Installation Modeling and Simulation implements Contracting Agency serves as the primary policies and standards and supports field acquisition arm responsible for managing operations in the areas of modeling and and executing above-wing level simulation. operational contracting support activities. Air Force Operations Group The It provides responsive enterprise Air Force Operations Group collects, contracting solutions to enable efficient processes, analyzes, and communicates and effective mission and installation information, enabling situational operations. awareness of current USAF operations Air Force Legal Operations Agency ​ worldwide. This awareness facilitates The Air Force Legal Operations Agency timely, responsive, and effective includes all senior defense counsel, Department of Defense 147 decisionmaking by senior USAF leaders Logistics Agency fuel-related support and combatant commanders. issues. The Agency provides a full range Air Force Office of Special Investigations ​ of technical and professional services The Air Force Office of Special related to fuels, propellants, chemicals, Investigations identifies, exploits, lubricants, gases, and cryogenics for and neutralizes criminal, terrorist, all aerospace vehicles, systems, and and intelligence threats to the U.S. equipment. Air Force, Department of Defense Internet, http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/FactSheets/ and U.S. Government. Its primary Display/tabid/224/Article/104544/air-force- responsibilities are criminal investigations petroleum-agency.aspx. and counterintelligence services. The Air Force Program Executive Offices ​ Office protects critical technologies and The Air Force Program Executive Offices information; detects and mitigates threats; (PEO) are responsible for the execution provides global specialized services; of a program throughout its lifecycle. conducts major criminal investigations; While the PEOs are not a specific part and engages foreign adversaries and of the Air Force headquarters, they have threats offensively. direct reporting responsibilities to the Air Internet, http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/FactSheets/ Force Service Acquisition Executive and Display/tabid/224/Article/104502/air-force-office- the Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for of-special-investigations.aspx. Acquisition for acquisition- and program- Air Force Personnel Center The Air specific issues. The current Air Force Force Personnel Center (AFPC) executes PEOs responsible for program execution and integrates USAF personnel plans include areas of aircraft, weapons, and programs and supervises procedures command and control, combat support applicable to the worldwide management systems, and joint strike fighter. and administration of Air Force military Air Force Public Affairs Agency The and civilian personnel. The center Air Force Public Affairs Agency provides identifies requirements and develops, an agile and responsive public affairs coordinates, and implements standards, capability to the Air Force through policies, procedures, and actions for three active duty combat camera assigned personnel and manpower squadrons, one Reserve combat camera operations. AFPC improves direct combat squadron, and four operating locations. support and mission effectiveness for It manages the Air Force media center Air Force personnel with quality-of-life which collects, archives, and distributes service programs. The center develops, Air Force imagery; manages licensing coordinates, and distributes instructions and branding of Air Force trademarks; and procedures that implement policy provides policy guidance and oversight guidance received from the Deputy Chief for Air Force public Web site and social of Staff for Manpower, Personnel and media programs; operates the Air Force’s Services. official social media program; composes Internet, http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/FactSheets/ original musical arrangements for Air Display/tabid/224/Article/104554/air-force- Force regional bands; and develops personnel-center.aspx. training curricula and requirements for Air Force Personnel Operations the Air Force’s nearly 6,000 public affairs Agency The Air Force Personnel practitioners. Operations Agency serves as the single Internet, http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/FactSheets/ Air Force focal point for submission Display/tabid/224/Article/104606/air-force-public- affairs-agency.aspx. and acceptance of total force human resources information technology Air Force Review Boards Agency The requirements. Air Force Review Boards Agency Air Force Petroleum Agency The Air provides management of various military Force Petroleum Agency is the Air Force and civilian appellate processes for the service control point for all Defense Secretary of the Air Force. 148 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Internet, http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/FactSheets/ Internet, http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/FactSheets/ Display/tabid/224/Article/104511/air-force-review- Display/tabid/224/Article/104580/air-force- boards-agency.aspx. weather-agency.aspx.

Air Force Safety Center The Air Force Direct Reporting Units Safety Center’s goal is to prevent mishaps and preserve combat readiness by Air Force District of Washington The developing, implementing, executing, Air Force District of Washington provides and evaluating Air Force aviation, support for Headquarters Air Force and ground, weapons, nuclear surety, space, other Air Force units in the National and system programs. Capital Region. Internet, http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/FactSheets/ Air Force Operational Test and Display/tabid/224/Article/104488/air-force-safety- Evaluation Center The Air Force center.aspx. Operational Test and Evaluation Center plans and conducts test and evaluation Air Force Security Forces Center The procedures to determine operational Air Force Security Forces Center effectiveness and suitability of new organizes, trains, and equips Air Force or modified USAF systems and their security forces worldwide. It develops capacity to meet mission needs. force protection doctrine, programs, and policies by planning and programming Internet, http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/FactSheets/ Display/tabid/224/Article/104538/air-force- resources to execute the missions of operational-test-and-evaluation-center.aspx. integrated defense operations, nuclear and non-nuclear weapon system security, U.S. Air Force Academy The U.S. Air physical security, combat arms, law Force Academy provides academic and enforcement, antiterrorism, resource military instruction and experience to protection, and corrections. prepare future USAF career officers. The Air Force Weather Agency The Academy offers Bachelor of Science Air Force Weather Agency provides degrees in 31 academic majors, and centralized weather services to the Air upon completion, graduates receive Force, Army joint staff, designated unified commissions as second lieutenants. commands, and other agencies, ensuring Internet, http://www.usafa.af.mil/. standardization of procedures and interoperability within the USAF weather A list of active direct reporting units system. It also assesses its technical and field operating agencies is available performance and effectiveness. online. Internet, http://www.afhra.af.mil/ organizationalrecords/druandfoa.asp. For further information concerning the Department of the Air Force, contact the Office of the Director of Public Affairs, Department of the Air Force, 1690 Air Force Pentagon, Washington, DC 20330–1670. Phone, 703–697–6061. Internet, http://www.af.mil.

Department of the Army The Pentagon, Washington, DC 20310 Phone, 703–695–6518. Internet, http://www.army.mil.

Secretary of the Army John M. McHugh Under Secretary of the Army Brad R. Carson Assistant Secretary of the Army for Acquisition, Heidi Shyu Logistics and Technology Assistant Secretary of the Army for Civil Works Jo-Ellen Darcy Assistant Secretary of the Army for Financial Karl F. Schneider, Acting Management and Comptroller Assistant Secretary of the Army for Installations, Katherine G. Hammack Energy and Environment Department of Defense 149

Assistant Secretary of the Army for Manpower Debra S. Wada and Reserve Affairs General Counsel (vacancy) Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of the Gerald B. O’Keefe Army Deputy Under Secretary of the Army Thomas E. Hawley Chief Information Officer, G–6 Lt. Gen. Robert S. Ferrell Inspector General Lt. Gen. Peter M. Vangjel Auditor General Randall L. Exley Executive Director, Army National Military Patrick K. Hallinan Cemeteries Chief of Legislative Liaison Maj. Gen. William E. Rapp Director, Small Business Programs Tracey L. Pinson Chief of Public Affairs Brig. Gen. Gary J. Volesky Office of the Chief of Staff Chief of Staff, United States Army Gen. Raymond T. Odierno Vice Chief of Staff Gen. John F. Campbell Director of the Army Staff Lt. Gen. William T. Grisoli Vice Director of the Army Staff Steven J. Redmann Army Staff Chief, National Guard Bureau Gen. Frank J. Grass Sergeant Major of the Army SMA Raymond F. Chandler, III Deputy Chief of Staff, G–1 Lt. Gen. Howard B. Bromberg Deputy Chief of Staff, G–2 Lt. Gen. Mary A. Legere Deputy Chief of Staff, G–3/5/7 Lt. Gen. James. L. Huggins, Jr. Deputy Chief of Staff, G–4 Lt. Gen. Raymond V. Mason Deputy Chief of Staff, G–8 Lt. Gen. James O. Barclay, III Chief, Army Reserve Lt. Gen. Jeffrey W. Talley Chief of Engineers Lt. Gen. Thomas P. Bostick Surgeon General Lt. Gen. Patricia D. Horoho Assistant Chief of Staff for Installation Lt. Gen. David D. Halverson Management Judge Advocate General Lt. Gen. Flora D. Darpino Chief of Chaplains Maj. Gen. Donald L. Rutherford Provost Marshal General Maj. Gen. David E. Quantock Director, Army National Guard Maj. Gen. Judd H. Lyons, Acting Commands Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Gen. Daniel B. Allyn Command Commanding General, U.S. Army Training and Gen. David G. Perkins Doctrine Command Commanding General, U.S. Army Materiel Gen. Dennis L. Via Command Army Service Component Commands Commanding General, U.S. Army Pacific Gen. Vincent K. Brooks Commanding General, U.S. Army Europe Lt. Gen. Donald M. Campbell, Jr. Commanding General, U.S. Army Central Lt. Gen. James L. Terry Commanding General, U.S. Army North Lt. Gen. Perry L. Wiggins Commanding General, U.S. Army South Maj. Gen. Joseph P. DiSalvo Commanding General, U.S. Army Africa/ Maj. Gen. Patrick J. Donahue, II Southern European Task Force Commanding General, U.S. Army Special Lt. Gen. Charles T. Cleveland Operations Command 150 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Army Service Component Commands Commanding General, U.S. Army Military Maj. Gen. Thomas J. Richardson Surface Deployment and Distribution Command Commanding General, U.S. Army Space and Lt. Gen. David L. Mann Missile Defense Command/Army Strategic Command Direct Reporting Units Commanding General, U.S. Army Medical Lt. Gen. Patricia D. Horoho Command Commanding General, U.S. Army Intelligence Maj. Gen. Stephen G. Fogarty and Security Command Commanding General, U.S. Army Criminal Maj. Gen. David E. Quantock Investigation Command Commanding General, U.S. Army Corps of Lt. Gen. Thomas P. Bostick Engineers Commanding General, U.S. Army Military Maj. Gen. Jeffrey S. Buchanan District of Washington Commanding General, U.S. Army Test and Maj. Gen. Peter D. Utley Evaluation Command Commanding General, U.S. Army Installation Lt. Gen. David D. Halverson Management Command Superintendent, U.S. Military Academy Lt. Gen. Robert L. Caslen, Jr. Director, U.S. Army Acquisition Support Center Craig A. Spisak Commanding General, U.S. Army Network Maj. Gen. John B. Morrison Enterprise Technology Command Executive Director, Arlington National Patrick K. Hallinan Cemetery Commander, U.S. Army Accessions Support Col. Brian M. Cavanaugh Brigade Commandant, U.S. Army War College Maj. Gen. Anthony A. Cucolo, III Commander, Second Army Lt. Gen. Edward C. Cardon

The Department of the Army organizes, trains, and equips active duty and reserve forces to preserve peace and security and to defend our Nation. The Army focuses on land operations; its soldiers are trained with modern weaponry and equipment to be ready for rapid response. The Army also administers programs to protect the environment, improve waterway navigation, control floods and beach erosion, and develop water resources. It provides military and natural disaster relief assistance to Federal, State, and local government agencies.

The Continental Congress established of the Army. The title of its Secretary the American Continental Army, now became Secretary of the Army (5 called the United States Army, on June U.S.C. 171). The National Security Act 14, 1775, more than a year before the Amendments of 1949 (63 Stat. 578) Declaration of Independence. The provided that the Department of the Department of War was established as Army be a military department within the an executive department at the seat of Department of Defense. government by act approved August 7, 1789 (1 Stat. 49). The Secretary of Secretary War was established as its head. The The Secretary of the Army is the senior National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. official of the Department of the Army. 401) created the National Military Subject to the direction, authority, and Establishment, and the Department of control of the President as Commander War was designated the Department

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CHIEF ASSIS 152 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL in Chief and of the Secretary of Defense, support of military missions. It includes the Secretary of the Army is responsible the review of facilities requirements and for and has the authority to conduct all stationing, identification and validation of affairs of the Department of the Army, resource requirements, and program and including its organization, administration, budget development and justification. operation, efficiency, and such other Other activities include support for activities as may be prescribed by the base operations; morale, welfare, and President or the Secretary of Defense as recreation; real property maintenance authorized by law. and repair; environmental programs; For further information, call 703–695–2422. military construction; housing; base realignment and closure; and competitive Army Staff sourcing. Intelligence This area includes The Army Staff is the Secretary of management of Army intelligence the Army’s military staff. It makes with responsibility for policy preparations for deploying the Army, formulation, planning, programming, including recruiting, organizing, budgeting, evaluation, and oversight supplying, equipping, training, of intelligence activities. The Army mobilizing, and demobilizing it, to Staff is responsible for monitoring support the Secretary or the Chief of relevant foreign intelligence Staff in his or her executive capacity; developments and foreign disclosure; investigates and reports on the efficiency imagery, signals, human, open- of the Army and its preparation for source, measurement, and signatures military operations; acts as the agent of intelligence; counterintelligence; threat the Secretary of the Army and the Chief models and simulations; and security of Staff in coordinating the action of all countermeasures. organizations of the Department of the Medical This area includes Army; and performs other nonstatutory management of health services for duties that the Secretary of the Army may the Army and as directed for other prescribe. services, agencies, and organizations; health standards for Army personnel; Program Areas health professional education and Civil Functions Civil functions of the training; career management authority Department of the Army include the over commissioned and warrant Civil Works Program, the Nation’s major officer personnel of the Army Medical Federal water resources development Department; medical research, materiel activity involving engineering works development, testing and evaluation; such as major dams, reservoirs, policies concerning health aspects of levees, harbors, waterways, locks, and Army environmental programs and many other types of structures; the prevention of disease; and planning, administration of Arlington and the U.S. programming, and budgeting for Soldiers’ and Airmen’s Home National Armywide health services. Cemeteries; and other related matters. Military Operations and Plans This History This area includes advisory includes Army forces strategy formation; and coordination service provided on mid-range, long-range, and regional historical matters, including historical strategy application; arms control, properties; formulation and execution negotiation, and disarmament; national of the Army Historical Program; and security affairs; joint service matters; preparation and publication of histories net assessment; politico-military affairs; that the Army requires. force mobilization, demobilization, and Installations This area consists of planning; programming structuring, policies, procedures, and resources for development, analysis, requirements, the management of installations to ensure and management; operational readiness; the availability of efficient and affordable overall roles and missions; collective base services and infrastructure in security; individual and unit training; Department of Defense 153 psychological operations; information equipment to strengthen the U.S. Army as operations; unconventional warfare; a force of decisive action. counterterrorism; operations security; For further information, contact the TRADOC Public signal security; special plans; equipment Affairs Office. Phone, 757–501–5876. Internet, development and approval; nuclear and http://www.tradoc.army.mil. chemical matters; civil affairs; military U.S. Army Materiel Command U.S. support of civil defense; civil disturbance; Army Materiel Command (AMC) is the domestic actions; command and control; Army’s premier provider of materiel automation and communications readiness—technology, acquisition programs and activities; management support, materiel development, logistics of the program for law enforcement, power projection, and sustainment—to correction, and crime prevention for the total force, across the spectrum of military members of the Army; special joint military operations. Headquartered operations forces; foreign language and at Redstone Arsenal, Alabama, AMC’s distance learning; and physical security. missions include the development of Reserve Components This area includes weapon systems, advanced research on management of individual and unit future technologies, and maintenance readiness and mobilization for Reserve and distribution of spare parts and Components, comprising the Army equipment. AMC works closely with National Guard and U.S. Army Reserve. program executive offices, industry, Religious This area includes academia, and other Military Services management of religious and moral and Government agencies to develop, leadership and chaplain support test, and acquire equipment that soldiers activities throughout the Department; and units need to accomplish their religious ministrations, religious missions. education, pastoral care, and counseling for Army military personnel; liaison For further information, contact the AMC Public Affairs Office. Phone, 256–450–7978. Internet, with ecclesiastical agencies; chapel http://www.army.mil/amc. construction requirements and design approval; and career management of Army Service Component clergymen serving in the Chaplains Commands Corps. U.S. Army Pacific U.S. Army Pacific Army Commands (USARPAC) conducts operations to assure, enhance, sustain, and influence U.S. Army Forces Command ​ military relationships that build partner Headquartered at Fort Bragg, NC, U.S. defense capacity; prepare the force for Army Forces Command (FORSCOM) full spectrum operations; respond to prepares conventional forces to provide threats; sustain and protect the force; a sustained flow of trained and ready and shape and posture for a stable and land power to combatant commanders secure U.S. Pacific Command area of in defense of the Nation at home and responsibility. USARPAC carries out a abroad. theater security cooperation program of For further information, contact the FORSCOM engagement strategy with the 43 Asian Public Affairs Office. Phone, 910–570–7225. and Pacific nations within or bordering Internet, http://www.forscom.army.mil. its area of responsibility. These countries U.S. Army Training and Doctrine include the Philippines, Thailand, Command Headquartered in Fort Vietnam, Japan, Mongolia, Russia, Eustis, VA, U.S. Army Training and China, South Korea, India, Bangladesh, Doctrine Command (TRADOC) develops, Australia, New Zealand, Marshall Islands, educates, and trains soldiers, civilians, and Papua New Guinea. and leaders; supports unit training; and For further information, contact USARPAC. Phone, designs, builds, and integrates a versatile 808–438–9761. Internet, http://www.usarpac.army. mix of capabilities, formations, and mil. 154 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL U.S. Army Europe U.S. Army Europe and is the Army service component (USAREUR) provides the principal land command of U.S. Southern Command. component for U.S. European Command ARSOUTH conducts multinational throughout a 51-country area. As the operations and supports security U.S. Army’s largest forward-deployed cooperation in the U.S. Southern expeditionary force, USAREUR supports Command area of responsibility, which NATO and U.S. bilateral, multinational, encompasses 31 countries and 15 areas and unilateral objectives. It supports U.S. of special sovereignty in Central and Army forces in the European Command South America and the Caribbean. area; receives and assists in the reception, These activities counter transnational staging, and onward movement and threats and strengthen regional security integration of U.S. forces; establishes, in defense of the homeland. ARSOUTH operates, and expands operational lines maintains a deployable headquarters of communication; ensures regional at Fort Sam Houston, Texas, where security, access, and stability through it conducts strategic and operational presence and security cooperation; and planning. supports U.S. combatant commanders For further information, contact the ARSOUTH and joint and combined commanders. Public Affairs Office. Phone, 210–216–2497. Email, [email protected]. Internet, For further information, contact the USAREUR http://www.arsouth.army.mil. Public Affairs Office. Phone, 011–49–0611–705– 3045 or 3058. Internet, http://www.eur.army.mil. U.S. Army Africa/Southern European U.S. Army Central U.S. Army Central Task Force U.S. Army Africa (USARAF)/ (ARCENT) shapes the U.S. Central Southern European Task Force (SETAF) Command area of responsibility in 20 protects and defends the national security countries through forward land power interests of the United States. As the presence and security cooperation Army Service Component Command for engagements that ensure access, U.S. Africa Command, USARAF/SETAF build partner capacity, and develop strengthens land force capabilities of relationships. ARCENT also provides African states and regional organizations, flexible options and strategic depth to the supports U.S. Africa Command U.S. combatant commander and sets the operations, and conducts military conditions for improved regional security operations to deter and defeat violent and stability. extremist organizations and to create a secure environment in Africa. For further information, contact the USARCENT Public Affairs Office. Phone, 803–885–8879. Email, For further information, contact the USARAF/SETAF [email protected]. Internet, http://www. Public Affairs Office. Phone, 011–39–0444–71– arcent.army.mil. 7618. Internet, http://www.usaraf.army.mil/. U.S. Army North U.S. Army U.S. Army Special Operations Command ​ North (USARNORTH) supports U.S. U.S. Army Special Operations Command Northern Command, the unified (USASOC) administers, deploys, command responsible for defending educates, equips, funds, mans, mobilizes, the U.S. homeland and coordinating organizes, sustains, and trains Army defense support of civil authorities. special operations forces to carry out USARNORTH helps maintain readiness missions worldwide, as directed. These to support homeland defense, civil special and diverse military operations support operations, and theater security support regional combatant commanders, cooperation activities. American ambassadors, and other For further information, contact the USARNORTH agencies. Public Affairs Office. Phone, 210–221–0015. Email, For further information, contact the USASOC Public [email protected]. Internet, http://www. Affairs Office. Phone, 910–432–6005. Email, pao@ arnorth.army.mil. soc.mil. Internet, http://www.soc.mil. U.S. Army South U.S. Army South U.S. Army Military Surface Deployment (ARSOUTH) is a major subordinate and Distribution Command U.S. command of U.S. Army Forces Command Army Military Surface Deployment Department of Defense 155 and Distribution Command (SDDC) Center of Military History, Collins Hall, delivers world-class, origin-to- 103 Third Avenue, Fort Lesley J. McNair, destination distribution. It is the Army Washington, DC 20319–5058. Phone, Service Component Command of U.S. 202–685–2704. Information on the Transportation Command and is a preservation and use of historic buildings subordinate command to Army Materiel is available from the Office of Historic Command. SDDC also partners with the Properties. Phone, 703–692–9892. Email, commercial transportation industry as the [email protected]. Internet, coordinating link between Department http://www.history.army.mil. of Defense surface transportation Army National Guard Contact the requirements and the capability industry Army National Guard, 1411 Jefferson provides. Davis Highway, Arlington, VA 22202– For further information, contact the SDDC Public 3231. Phone, 703–627–7273. Internet, Affairs Office. Phone, 618–220–6284. Internet, http://www.arng.army.mil. http://www.sddc.army.mil. Army Reserve Officers’ Training Corps U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense (ROTC) Contact the U.S. Army Cadet Command/Army Strategic Command ​ Command, Recruiting, Retention and U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Operations Directorate, ATCC–OP, 55 Command (SMDC/ARSTRAT) conducts Patch Road, Fort Monroe, VA 23651. space and missile defense operations and Phone, 757–788–3770. Use the link provides planning, integration, control, below to locate a college or university and coordination of Army forces and offering the ROTC program in your area. capabilities in support of U.S. Strategic Internet, http://www.goarmy.com/rotc/ Command missions. SMDC/ARSTRAT find-schools.html. also supports space, high-altitude, and Army Reserve Training Opportunities global missile defense modernization for Enlisted Personnel and Officers ​ efforts; serves as the Army operational Contact the U.S. Army Human Resources integrator for global missile defense; and Command, 1600 Spearhead Division conducts mission-related research and Avenue, Fort Knox, KY 40122. Phone, development to support Army statutory 888–276–9472. Internet, http:// responsibilities. goarmyreserve.com. Email, askhrc.army@ us.army.mil. Internet, http://www.hrc. For further information, contact the SMDC army.mil. Public Affairs Office. Phone, 256–955–3887. Internet, http://www.army.mil/info/organization/ Chaplain Recruiting Contact the U.S. unitsandcommands/commandstructure/smdc. Army Recruiting Command, 1307 Third Avenue, Fort Knox, KY 40121–2726. Sources of Information Phone, 502–626–0722 or 866–684– 1571. Internet, http://www.goarmy.com/ Arlington and Soldiers’ and Airmen’s chaplain. Home National Cemeteries For Civilian Employment Contact the information, write to the Superintendent, civilian personnel advisory center at Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, the desired Army installation or visit VA 22211. Phone, 703–614–0615. the Army civilian personnel Web site. Internet, http://www.arlingtoncemetery. Internet, http://armycivilianservice.com/ mil/Gallery/Default.aspx?ID=6e883a32- content/careers. 3f06-4e58-b666-55dee37fb6ee. Contracts For information on contract Army Health Professions Contact the procurement policies and procedures, Headquarters U.S. Army Recruiting contact the Deputy Assistant Secretary Command, Health Services Directorate of the Army—Procurement, Office of (RCHS–OP), 1307 Third Avenue, Fort the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Knox, KY 40121. Phone, 502–626–0367. Acquisition, Logistics and Technology, Internet, http://www.goarmy.com/amedd. 103 Army Pentagon, Washington, DC html. 20310–0103. Phone, 703–695–2488. Army Historical Program For Internet, http://www.micc.army.mil/ information, write to the U.S. Army contracting-offices.asp. 156 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Environment Contact the Office of Phone, 703–697–0050. Automated the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the assistance is also available after normal Army for the Environment, Safety and work hours. Phone, 201–590–6575. Occupational Health (http://www.asaie. Internet, http://www.army.mil/info/ army.mil/Public/ESOH/), or the Army institution/publicAffairs/. Environmental Policy Institute (http:// Publications Address requests to either www.aepi.army.mil). Use the link below the proponent listed on the title page to contact the U.S. Army Environmental of the document or the Information Command. Internet, http://www.aec. Management Officer of the Army activity army.mil. that publishes the desired publication. Films and Videos Address loan Official texts published by Headquarters, requests for Army-produced films to the Department of the Army, are available Visual Information Support Centers of from the National Technical Information Army installations. Unclassified Army Service, Department of Commerce, productions are available for sale from Attn: Order Preprocessing Section, 5301 the National Audiovisual Center, National Shawnee Road, Alexandria, VA 22312. Technical Information Service, 5301 Phone, 800–554–8332. Internet, http:// Shawnee Road, Alexandria, VA 22312. www.ntis.gov. If the requester does not Phone, 800–553–6847. Email, orders@ know which Army activity published ntis.gov. Internet, http://www.ntis.gov/ the document, contact the Publishing Index.aspx. Division, Army Publishing Directorate, Freedom of Information and Privacy Building 1456, 9351 Hall Road, Fort Act Requests Address requests to the Belvoir, VA 22060–5447. Phone, 703– Information Management Officer of the 693–1557. Internet, http://www.army.mil/ Army installation or activity responsible media/publications/. for the desired information. Internet, Research Information on long-range https://www.rmda.army.mil/. research and development plans Judge Advocate General’s Corps ​ concerning future materiel requirements Contact the Army Judge Advocate and objectives is available from the Recruiting Office, 9275 Gunston Road, Commander, U.S. Army Research, Suite 4440, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060. Development and Engineering Phone, 866–276–9524. Internet, http:// Command, Attn: AMSRD–PA, 3071 www.goarmy.com/jag. Aberdeen Boulevard, Room 103, Military Career and Training Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005. Opportunities Information on all phases Internet, http://www.army.mil/info/ of Army enlistments and specialized organization/unitsandcommands/ training is available from the U.S. Army commandstructure/rdecom/. Recruiting Command, 1307 Third Small Business Activities Assistance Avenue, Fort Knox, KY 40121–2725. for small businesses and minority Phone, 877–437–6572. Information educational institutions to strengthen on career and training opportunities is their participation in the Army available from any of the offices listed contracting program is available through in this informational sources section. the Office of Small Business Programs, Internet, http://www.army.mil/join/. Office of the Secretary of the Army, Military Surface Deployment and 106 Army Pentagon, Room 3B514, Distribution Command Information on Washington, DC 20310–0106. Phone, military transportation news and issues 703–697–2868. Fax, 703–693–3898. is available online. Internet, http://www. Internet, http://www.micc.army.mil/small- sddc.army.mil/Other/. business.asp. Public Affairs and Community Relations ​ Speakers To arrange for an Army For official Army information and speaker to address a civilian organization, community relations information, contact contact a nearby Army installation, or the Office of the Chief of Public Affairs, write or call the Community Relations Department of the Army, 1500 Army Division, Office of the Chief of Pentagon, Washington, DC 20310–1500. Public Affairs, 1500 Army Pentagon, Department of Defense 157 Washington, DC 20310–1500. Address Washington, DC 20314, or from the requests for Army Reserve speakers nearest Corps of Engineer Division or to HQDA (DAAR–PA), Washington, District Office. Internet, http://www.army. DC 20310–2423, or to the local Army mil/comrel/assetrequests/. Reserve Center. To arrange for a chaplain U.S. Military Academy Contact to address a civilian organization in the the Director of Admissions, United Washington, DC, area, contact the Chief States Military Academy, 606 Thayer of Chaplains, 2700 Army Pentagon, Road, Building 606, West Point, NY Washington, DC 20310–2700. Phone, 10996. Phone, 845–938–4041. Email, 703–695–1113. Information on speakers [email protected]. Internet, http:// is available from the Public Affairs www.usma.edu. Office, Office of the Chief of Engineers, For further information concerning the Department of the Army, contact U.S. Army Public Affairs, Community Relations Division, Office of the Chief of Public Affairs, 1500 Army Pentagon, Washington, DC 20310–1500. Internet, http://www.army.mil/info/institution/publicAffairs/.

Department of the Navy The Pentagon, Washington, DC 20350 Phone, 703–697–7391. Internet, http://www.navy.mil.

Secretary of the Navy Raymond E. Mabus Under Secretary of the Navy (vacancy) Auditor General Luther Bragg, Acting Chief of Information Capt. Dawn Cutler, USN, Acting Chief Information Officer Terry Halvorsen Chief of Legislative Affairs Rear Adm. Michael T. Franken, USN General Counsel Paul L. Oostburg Sanz Naval Inspector General Vice Adm. James F. Caldwell, USN Judge Advocate General Vice Adm. Nanette M. DeRenzi, JAGC, USN Assistant Secretary (Energy, Installations and Dennis V. McGinn Environment) Assistant Secretary (Financial Management and Susan J. Rabern Comptroller) Assistant Secretary (Manpower and Reserve Juan M. Garcia, III Affairs) Assistant Secretary (Research, Development and Sean J. Stackley Acquisition) Chief of Naval Research Rear Adm. Matthew L. Klunder, USN Naval Operations Chief of Naval Operations Adm. Jonathan W. Greenert, USN Vice Chief of Naval Operations Adm. Michelle J. Howard, USN Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy Michael D. Stevens, USN Director, Naval Criminal Investigative Service Mark D. Clookie Director, Naval Intelligence Vice Adm. Ted N. Branch, USN Director, Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program Adm. John M. Richardson, USN Director, Navy Staff Vice Adm. Scott H. Swift, USN Chief of Chaplains of the Navy Rear Adm. Mark L. Tidd, CHC, USN Chief of Naval Research/Director, Test and Rear Adm. Matthew L. Klunder, Evaluation and Technology Requirements USN Chief of Naval Reserve Vice Adm. Robin R. Braun, USN 158 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Naval Operations Assistant Chief, Next Generation Enterprise Victor Gavin Network System Program Office Deputy Chief of Naval Operations, Integration Vice Adm. Joseph P. Mulloy, USN of Capabilities and Resources Deputy Chief of Naval Operations, Intelligence Vice Adm. Ted N. Branch, USN Dominance Deputy Chief of Naval Operations, Manpower, Vice Adm. William F. Moran, USN Personnel, Education, and Training Deputy Chief of Naval Operations, Fleet Vice Adm. Philip H. Cullom, USN Readiness and Logistics Deputy Chief of Naval Operations, Operations, Rear Adm. Kevin M. Donegan, USN, Plans and Strategy Acting Oceanographer and Navigator of the Navy Rear Adm. Jonathan White, USN Surgeon General of the Navy Vice Adm. Matthew L. Nathan, MC, USN Shore Establishment Chief, Naval Personnel Vice Adm. William F. Moran, USN Chief, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery Vice Adm. Matthew L. Nathan, MC, USN Commander, Naval Air Systems Command Vice Adm. David Dunaway, USN Commander, Naval Education and Training Rear Adm. Michael S. White, USN Command Commander, Naval Facilities Engineering Rear Adm. Kate L. Gregory, USN Command Commander, Naval Legal Service Command Rear Adm. James W. Crawford, III , JAGC, USN Commander, Naval Meteorology and Rear Adm. Brian Brown, USN Oceanography Commander, Naval Network Warfare Capt. John W. Chandler, USN Command Commander, Naval Sea Systems Command Vice Adm. William H. Hilarides, USN Commander, Naval Supply Systems Command Rear Adm. Jonathan A. Yuen, SC, USN Commander, Naval Warfare Development Rear Adm. Scott B.J. Jerabek, USNR Command Commander, Office of Naval Intelligence Rear Adm. Elizabeth L. Train, USN Commander, Space and Naval Warfare Systems Rear Adm. Patrick H. Brady, USN Command Director, Strategic Systems Program Rear Adm. Terry J. Benedict, USN Superintendent, U.S. Naval Academy Vice Adm. Michael H. Miller, USN Operating Forces Commander, U.S. Fleet Forces Command Adm. William E. Gortney, USN Commander, Pacific Fleet Adm. Harry B. Harris, Jr., USN Commander, Military Sealift Command Rear Adm. Thomas K. Shannon, USN Commander, Naval Forces Central Command Vice Adm. John W. Miller, USN Commander, Naval Forces Europe Adm. Bruce W. Clingan, USN Commander, Navy Installations Command Vice Adm. William D. French, USN Commander, Naval Reserve Forces Command Rear Adm. Bryan Cutchen, USN Commander, Naval Special Warfare Command Rear Adm. Brian L. Losey, USN Commander, Operational Test and Evaluation Rear Adm. Jeffrey R. Penfield, USN Force Department of Defense 159

[For the Department of the Navy statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 32, Part 700]

The Department of the Navy protects the United States and its interests by the effective prosecution of war at sea, including the seizure or defense of advanced naval bases with the assistance of its Marine Corps component; supports the forces of all military departments of the United States; and maintains freedom of the seas.

The United States Navy was founded Advocate General provides technical on October 13, 1775, when Congress supervision for the Naval Justice School enacted the first legislation creating at Newport, RI. the Continental Navy of the American For further information, contact the Office of the Revolution. The Department of the Navy Judge Advocate General, Department of the Navy, and the Office of Secretary of the Navy Washington Navy Yard, Suite 3000, 1322 Patterson were established by act of April 30, 1798 Avenue SE., Washington Navy Yard, DC 20374– 5066. Phone, 202–685–5190. Internet, http://www. (10 U.S.C. 5011, 5031). For 9 years prior navy.mil/local/jag/index.asp. to that date, by act of August 7, 1789 (1 Stat. 49), the Secretary of War oversaw Criminal Investigations The Naval the conduct of naval affairs. Criminal Investigative Service The National Security Act Amendments provides criminal investigative, of 1949 provided that the Department of counterintelligence, law enforcement, the Navy be a military department within and physical, personnel, and information the Department of Defense (63 Stat. 578). security support worldwide to Navy The Secretary of the Navy is and Marine Corps personnel and appointed by the President as the head organizations. The Naval Criminal of the Department of the Navy and is Investigative Service relies on the responsible to the Secretary of Defense professionalism and law enforcement for the operation and efficiency of the expertise of investigators, crime Navy (10 U.S.C. 5031). The Department laboratory technicians, technical of the Navy includes the U.S. Coast investigative specialists, security Guard when it is operating as a Service in specialists, and administrative support the Navy. personnel to carry out its mission. Secretary The Secretary of the Navy is For further information, contact the Naval Criminal the head of the Department of the Navy, Investigative Service, 27130 Telegraph Road, responsible for the policies and control of Quantico, VA 22134. Phone, 877–579–3648. Internet, http://www.ncis.navy.mil. the Department of the Navy, including its organization, administration, functioning, Research The Office of Naval and efficiency. The members of the Research promotes, plans, initiates, Secretary’s executive administration assist and coordinates naval research, in the discharge of the responsibilities of including the coordination of research the Secretary of the Navy. and development conducted by other Internet, http://www.navy.mil/secnav/. agencies and Department of the Navy offices. It also manages and controls Legal The Office of the Judge Advocate activities within or for the Navy relating General provides all legal advice to patents, inventions, trademarks, and related services throughout the copyrights, and royalty payments. Department of the Navy, except for the For further information, contact the Public Affairs advice and services provided by the Office, Office of Naval Research, Ballston Tower General Counsel. It also provides legal One, 800 North Quincy Street, Arlington, VA and policy advice to the Secretary of 22217–5660. Phone, 703–696–5031. Email, onrcsc@ the Navy on military justice, ethics, onr.navy.mil. Internet, http://www.onr.navy.mil. administrative law, claims, environmental Operating Forces Operating forces law, operational and international law carry out operations that enable the and treaty interpretation, and litigation Navy to meet its responsibility to uphold involving these issues. The Judge and advance the national policies and 160 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL DEPUTY CHIEF TRANSFORMATION RESERVE MANAGEMENT OFFICER/ DIRECTOR OF BUSINESS MARINE CORPS PROGRAM OFFICE OF MARINE CORPS UNITED STATES HEADQUARTERS ASSESSMENT AND PROCESS DEPUTY OF THE NAVY UNDER SECRETARY OF THE SUPPORTING MARINE CORPS ESTABLISHMENT OPERATING FORCES NAVAL GENERAL INSPECTOR COMMANDANT OF THE MARINE CORPS 3 OF THE OF THE NAVY DEPARTMENT GENERAL COUNSEL GENERAL CENTER CENTER (SUPPORT) OF THE NAVY COMMAND NAVAL LEGAL JUDGE ADVOCATE NAVAL SAFETY FLEET FORCES SERVICE COMMAND NAVAL HISTORICAL CHIEF 4 OFFICER vision of the designated organization s. INFORMATION r OF THE NAVY (INSTALLATIONS AND ENVIRONMENT) SCHOOL ASSISTANT SECRETARY COLLEGE INCLUDES (INCLUDES (INCLUDES OFFICE OF NAVAL WAR PACIFIC FLEET PACIFIC FLEET ATLANTIC FLEET FLEET MARINE FORCES) NAVAL INTELLIGENCE FLEET MARINE FORCES) NAVAL POSTGRADUATE FLEET MARINE FORCES) SECRETARY OF THE NAVY OF THE NAVY UNDER SECRETARY NAVAL OPERATIONS OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF CADEMY LA MILITARY COMMAND COMMAND COMMAND COMMAND AND TRAINING UNITED STATES NAVA FORCES CENTRAL FORCES SOUTHERN SEALIFT COMMAND NAVAL EDUCATION NAVY INSTALLATIONS UNITED STATES NAVAL UNITED STATES NAVAL OF THE NAVY DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY AND COMPTROLLER) ASSISTANT SECRETARY (FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT CHIEF OF AUDITOR GENERAL NAVAL OPERATIONS rposes. Commander, Fleet Forms Command Controls LANFLT and PACFLT assets. CILITIES L FA PROGRAMS CHIEF OF NAVAL SPECIAL UNITED STATES NAVAL SUPPLY INFORMATION NAVA WARFARE COMMAND SYSTEMS COMMAND STRATEGIC SYSTEMS NAVAL FORCES EUROPE ENGINEERING COMMAND OF THE NAVY (MANPOWER AND aining Cycle pu RESERVE AFFAIRS) ASSISTANT SECRETARY for Commander, U.S. Atlantic Fleet. AFFAIRS CHIEF OF LEGISLATIVE BUREAU OF

AND SURGERY FORCES NAVAL PERSONNEL BUREAU OF MEDICINE OPERATIONAL NAVAL AIR COMMAND NAVAL SEA CYBER COMMAND Systems commands and SSP reportAlso to includes ASN other (RDA) Echelon for 2 acquisition commands matters and only. subordinate activities under the command or supe Additional duty For Interdeployment Tr SPACE AND NAVAL UNITED STATES FLEET TEST AND EVALUATION For Interdeployment Training Cycle purposes. Commander, Fleet Forms Command Controls LANFLT and PACFLT assets. WARFARE SYSTEMS NAVY RESERVE FORCES SYSTEMS COMMAND SYSTEMS COMMAND 1 2 3 4 3

OF THE NAVY AND ACQUISITION) NAVAL CHIEF OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY RESEARCH (RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT 1 2 2 SHORE EXECUTIVE ESTABLISHMENT OPERATING FORCES Department of Defense 161 interests of the United States. These forces Building 2272, Suite 540, Patuxent River, MD include the several fleets; seagoing, fleet 20670–1547. Phone, 301–757–1487. Internet, http://www.navair.navy.mil. marine, and other assigned Marine Corps forces; the Military Sealift Command; Coast Guard The Commandant of the Naval Reserve forces; and other forces Coast Guard reports to the Secretary and activities that the President or the of the Navy and the Chief of Naval Secretary of the Navy may assign. The Operations when the Coast Guard is Chief of Naval Operations administers operating as a service in the Navy and and commands the operating forces of represents the Coast Guard before the the Navy. Joint Chiefs of Staff. During such service, The Atlantic Fleet is composed of Coast Guard operations are integrated ships, submarines, and aircraft that and uniform with Department of the operate throughout the Atlantic Ocean Navy operations to the maximum extent and Mediterranean Sea. possible. The Commandant of the Coast The Naval Forces Europe includes Guard organizes, trains, prepares, and forces assigned by the Chief of Naval maintains the readiness of the Coast Operations or made available from either Guard for the performance of national the Pacific or Atlantic Fleet to operate in defense missions as directed. The the European theater. Commandant also maintains a security The Pacific Fleet is composed of capability; enforces Federal laws and ships, submarines, and aircraft operating regulations on and under the high seas throughout the Pacific and Indian and waters subject to the jurisdiction Oceans. of the United States; and develops, The Military Sealift Command establishes, maintains, and operates aids provides ocean transportation for to maritime navigation, as well as ice- personnel and cargo of all components breaking and rescue facilities, with due of the Department of Defense and, as regard to the requirements of national authorized, for other Federal agencies; defense. operates and maintains underway Internet, http://www.uscg.mil/. replenishment ships and other vessels providing mobile logistic support to Computers and Telecommunications ​ elements of the combatant fleets; and Naval Network Warfare Command operates ships in support of scientific operates the Navy’s networks to achieve projects and other programs for Federal effective command and control through agencies. optimal alignment, common architecture, Other major commands of the mature processes, and functions and operating forces of the Navy are the standard terminology. The command Naval Forces Central Command, enhances the Navy’s network security Operational Test and Evaluation Force, posture and improves IT services Naval Special Warfare Command, and through standardized enterprise-level Naval Reserve Force. management, network information assurance compliance, enterprise Internet, http://www.navy.mil/navydata/ organization/orgopfor.asp. management, and root cause and trend analysis. Naval Network Warfare Activities Command also delivers enhanced space products to operating forces by leveraging Air Systems The Naval Air Systems Department of Defense, national, Command provides material support to commercial, and international space the Navy and Marine Corps for aircraft, capabilities. The command serves as the airborne weapons systems, avionics, Navy’s commercial satellite operations related photographic and support manager; it executes tactical-level equipment, ranges, and targets. command and control of Navy networks For further information, contact the Commander, and leverages Joint Space capabilities for Naval Air Systems Command, 47123 Buse Road, Navy and Joint Operations. 162 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL For further information, contact Public Affairs, determined by the Chief of Naval Naval Network Warfare Command, 112 Lake View Operations. Parkway, Suffolk, VA 23435. Phone, 757–203–0205. For further information, contact the Bureau of Naval Education and Training The Naval Personnel, Department of the Navy, Federal Office Education and Training Command Building 2, Washington, DC 20370–5000. Phone, provides shore-based education and 703–614–2000. Internet, http://www.navy.mil/cnp/ training for Navy, certain Marine index.asp. Corps, and other personnel; develops Medicine The Bureau of Medicine specifically designated education and and Surgery directs the medical and training afloat programs for the fleet; dental services for Navy and Marine provides voluntary and dependents Corps personnel and their dependents; education; and participates with administers the implementation of research and development activities in contingency support plans and programs the development and implementation to effect medical and dental readiness of the most effective teaching and capability; provides medical and dental training systems and devices for optimal services to the fleet, fleet marine force, education and training. and shore activities of the Navy; and For further information, contact the NETC Office ensures cooperation with civil authorities of Public Affairs, 250 Dallas Street, Pensacola, FL in matters of public health disasters and 32508–5220. Phone, 850–452–4858. Email, pnsc. other emergencies. [email protected]. Internet, http://www.navy.mil/ local/cnet/. For further information, contact the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Department of the Navy, Facilities The Naval Facilities 2300 E Street NW., Washington, DC 20373–5300. Engineering Command provides material Phone, 202–762–3211. Internet, http://www.med. and technical support to the Navy navy.mil. and Marine Corps for shore facilities, Oceanography The Naval Meteorology real property and utilities, fixed ocean and Oceanography Command and the systems and structures, transportation Naval Observatory are responsible for and construction equipment, energy, the science, technology, and engineering environmental and natural resources operations that are essential to explore management, and support of the naval the ocean and the atmosphere and to construction forces. provide astronomical data and time for For further information, contact the Commander, naval and related national objectives. Naval Facilities Engineering Command and Chief To that end, the naval oceanographic of Civil Engineers, Washington Navy Yard, 1322 program studies astrometry, hydrography, Patterson Avenue SE., Suite 1000, Washington, meteorology, oceanography, and precise DC 20374–5065. Phone, 202–685–1423. Internet, http://www.navy.mil/local/navfachq/. time. For further information, contact the Commander, Intelligence The Office of Naval Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command, Intelligence ensures the fulfillment 1100 Balch Boulevard, Stennis Space Center, MS of the intelligence requirements and 39529–5005. Phone, 228–688–4384. Internet, responsibilities of the Department of the http://www.navmetoccom.navy.mil. Contact also the Oceanographer of the Navy, U.S. Naval Navy. Observatory, 3450 Massachusetts Avenue NW., For further information, contact the Office of Public Washington, DC 20392–1800. Phone, 202–762– Affairs, Office of Naval Intelligence, Department 1026. Internet, http://www.usno.navy.mil/USNO. of the Navy, 4251 Suitland Road, Washington, DC 20395–5720. Phone, 301–669–5670. Email, pao@ Sea Systems The Naval Sea Systems nmic.navy.mil. Internet, http://www.oni.navy.mil. Command provides material support to the Navy and Marine Corps and Manpower The Bureau of Naval to the Departments of Defense and Personnel directs the procurement, Transportation for ships, submarines, and distribution, administration, and career other sea platforms, shipboard combat motivation of the military personnel of systems and components, other surface the regular and reserve components of and undersea warfare and weapons the U.S. Navy to meet the quantitative systems, and ordnance expendables not and qualitative manpower requirements Department of Defense 163 specifically assigned to other system For further information, contact the Commander, commands. Navy Warfare Development Command, 686 Cushing Road, Sims Hall, Newport, RI 02841. Phone, For further information, contact the Commander, 401–841–2833. Internet, http://www.navy.mil/local/ Naval Sea Systems Command, 1333 Isaac Hull nwdc/. Avenue SE., Washington Navy Yard, DC 20376– 1010. Phone, 202–781–4123. Email, navsea_ Sources of Information [email protected]. Internet, http://www. navsea.navy.mil. Civilian Employment Information on Space and Naval Warfare The Space civilian employment with the Department and Naval Warfare Systems Command of the Navy is available from the Office provides technical and material support of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the to the Department of the Navy for Navy for Civilian Human Resources. space systems; command, control, Information on civilian employment communications, and intelligence opportunities in the Washington, DC, systems; and electronic warfare and metropolitan area is available from undersea surveillance. the Secretariat/Headquarters Human Resources Office, Navy Annex, Room For further information, contact the Commander, 2510, Washington, DC 20370–5240. Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command, 4301 Pacific Highway, San Diego, CA 92110–3127. Phone, 703–693–0888. Internet, http:// Phone, 619–524–3428. Internet, http://www.spawar. www.secnav.navy.mil/donhr/Pages/ navy.mil. Default.aspx. Strategic Systems The Office of Consumer Activities Research programs Strategic Systems Programs provides of the Office of Naval Research cover a development, production, and material broad spectrum of scientific fields. The support to the Navy for fleet ballistic research is primarily for the needs of the missile and strategic weapons systems, Navy, but some of these programs do security, training of personnel, and the research that is relevant to the public. installation and direction of necessary Address inquiries on specific research supporting facilities. programs to the Office of Naval Research (Code 10), One Liberty Center 875 N. For further information, contact the Director, Randolph Street, Suite 1425, Arlington, Strategic Systems Programs, Department of the Navy, Nebraska Avenue Complex, 287 Somers Court VA 22203–1995. Phone, 703–696–5031. NW., Suite 10041, Washington, DC 20393–5446. Internet, http://www.onr.navy.mil/. Phone, 202–764–1608. Internet, http://www.ssp. Contracts and Small Business Activities ​ navy.mil. Information on small businesses, Supply Systems The Naval Supply minority-owned businesses, and labor Systems Command provides supply surplus activities can be obtained from management policies and methods the Office of Small and Disadvantaged and administers related support service Business Utilization (SADBU), 720 systems for the Navy and Marine Corps. Kennon Avenue SE., Building 36, Room 207, Washington Navy Yard, DC 20374– For further information, contact the Commander, Naval Supply Systems Command, 5450 Carlisle Pike, 5015. Phone, 202–685–6485. Email, P.O. Box 2050, Mechanicsburg, PA 17055–0791. [email protected]. Internet, http://www. Phone, 717–605–3565. Email, navsuphqQuestions@ secnav.navy.mil/smallbusiness/pages/ navy.mil. Internet, http://www.navy.mil/local/ index.aspx. navsup/. Environment For information on Warfare Development The Navy Navy and Marine Corps environmental Warfare Development Command protection and natural resources plans and coordinates experiments management programs, contact employing emerging operational the Assistant Secretary of the Navy concepts; represents the Department for Installations and Environment, of the Navy in joint and other service Environment and Safety, 1000 Navy laboratories and facilities and tactical Pentagon, Room 4A686, Washington, development commands; and publishes DC 20350–1000. Phone, 703–693–5080. and disseminates naval doctrine. Internet, http://www.secnav.navy.mil/eie/ Pages/Environment.aspx. 164 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL General Inquiries Navy recruiting Speakers and Films For information on personnel and installation commanders speakers, films, and the Naval Recruiting are available to answer general inquiries Exhibit Center, contact the Office of concerning the Navy, its community, Information, Department of the Navy, and public information programs. 1200 Navy Pentagon, Room 4B463, The Office of Information provides Washington, DC 20350–1200. Phone, accurate and timely information on the 703–695- 0965. Navy so that the general public, the Tours To broaden the understanding of press, and Congress may understand the mission, functions, and programs of and assess programs, operations, and the U.S. Naval Observatory, regular night needs. The Office also coordinates tours and special day tours for groups Navy participation in community events are conducted. The night tours require a and supervises its internal information reservation and are given on alternating programs. For general inquiries, Monday nights. For information on contact the Navy Office of Information, observatory activities and public tours, 1200 Navy Pentagon, Room 4B463, write to the Superintendent, U.S. Naval Washington, DC 20350–1200. Phone, Observatory, 3450 Massachusetts Avenue 703–695–0965. Internet, http://www. NW., Washington, DC 20392–5420. navy.mil/local/navinfoeast/. Phone, 202–762–1438. Internet, http:// www.usno.navy.mil/USNO/tours-events. For further information concerning the Navy, contact the Office of Information, Department of the Navy, 1200 Navy Pentagon, Washington, DC 20350–1200. For press inquiries, phone 703–697–7391, or 703–697– 5342. Internet, http://www.navy.mil.

United States Marine Corps Commandant of the Marine Corps, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps, 2 Navy Annex (Pentagon 5D773), Washington, DC 20380–1775 Phone, 703–614–1034. Internet, http://www.usmc.mil.

Commandant of the Marine Corps Gen. James F. Amos, USMC Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps Gen. John M. Paxton, Jr., USMC Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps Sgt. Maj. Micheal P. Barrett, USMC Director, Marine Corps Staff Maj. Gen. Michael R. Regner, USMC Director, Command, Control, Communications, Brig. Gen. Kevin J. Nally, USMC and Computers Deputy Commandant for Aviation Lt. Gen. Robert E. Schmidle, USMC Deputy Commandant for Installations and Lt. Gen. William M. Faulkner, Logistics USMC Deputy Commandant for Manpower and Lt. Gen. Robert E. Milstead, Jr., Reserve Affairs USMC Deputy Commandant for Plans, Policies, and Lt. Gen. Ronald L. Bailey, USMC Operations Deputy Commandant for Programs and Lt. Gen. Glenn M. Walters, USMC Resources Counsel for the Commandant Robert D. Hogue Staff Judge Advocate for the Commandant Maj. Gen. Vaughn A. Ary, USMC Director of Administration and Resource Albert A. Washington Management Director of Marine Corps History and Museums Charles P. Neimeyer Director of Public Affairs Brig. Gen. Terry V. Williams, USMC Director, Special Projects Directorate Thomas G. Dawson Legislative Assistant to the Commandant Brig. Gen. David J. Furness, USMC Department of Defense 165

Chaplain of the Marine Corps Rear Adm. Margaret Kibben, CHC, USN Marine Corps Dental Officer Capt. Jonathan L. Haun, USMC Medical Officer of the Marine Corps Rear Adm. Brian Pecha, USN President, Permanent Marine Corps Uniform Col. Todd S. Desgrosseilliers, Board USMC Commanding General, Marine Corps Recruiting Maj. Gen. Mark A. Brilakis, USMC Command Commanding General, Marine Corps Combat Lt. Gen. Kenneth J. Glueck, Jr., Development Command USMC Commander, Marine Corps Systems Commands Brig. Gen. Francis L. Kelley, Jr., USMC Commander, Marine Corps Base Quantico Col. Davis W. Maxwell, USMC

The Continental Congress established the information programs. Internet, http:// United States Marine Corps by resolution www.imef.marines.mil/ContactUs.aspx. on November 10, 1775. Marine Corps Speakers and Films For information composition and functions are detailed in on speakers and films, contact the 10 U.S.C. 5063. Commandant of the Marine Corps, The Marine Corps, which is part of the Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps (PHC), Department of the Navy, is the smallest Room 5E774, The Pentagon, Washington, of the Nation’s combat forces and is DC 20380–1775. Phone, 703–614–4309. the only service specifically tasked by Internet, http://www.hqmc.marines.mil/ Congress to be able to fight in the air, on cmc/Home.aspx. land, and at sea. Although marines fight Marine Corps Military Career and in each of these dimensions, they are Training Opportunities The Marine primarily a maritime force, inextricably Corps conducts enlisted personnel linked with the Navy to move from the and officer training programs; provides sea to fight on land. specialized skill training; participates in The Marine Corps conducts entry-level the Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps training for its enlisted marines at two Program for commissioning officers in bases, Marine Corps Recruit Depot, Parris the Marine Corps; provides the Platoon Island, SC, and Marine Corps Recruit Leaders Class program for commissioning Depot, San Diego, CA. Officer candidates officers in the Marine Corps Reserve are evaluated at Officer Candidate School to college freshmen, sophomores, at Marine Corps Combat Development or juniors and the Officer Candidate Command, Quantico, VA. Marines Class program for college graduates or train to be first on the scene to respond seniors. Information on these programs to attacks on the United States or its is available at most civilian educational interests, acts of political violence institutions and Navy and Marine Corps against Americans abroad, disaster relief, recruiting stations. Or, write directly to humanitarian assistance, or evacuation of the Marine Corps Recruiting Command, Americans from foreign countries. 3280 Russell Road, Quantico, VA A complete list of Marine Corps units is 22134–5103. Phone, 703–784–9454. available online. Information on Marine Corps Reserve Internet, http://www.marines.mil/Units.aspx. opportunities can be obtained from local Marine Corps recruiting stations or Sources of Information Marine Corps Reserve drill centers. Or, write directly to the Director, Reserve General Inquiries Marine Corps Affairs, 3280 Russell Road, Suite 507, recruiting personnel, installation Quantico, VA 22134–5103. Phone, commanders, and Commanding Officers 703–784–9100. Internet, http://www. of Marine Corps Districts are available to marines.com/being-a-marine/marine- answer general inquiries concerning the corps-careers. Marine Corps, its community, and public 166 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

For further information regarding the Marine Corps, contact the Director of Public Affairs, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps, 2 Navy Annex (Pentagon 5D773), Washington, DC 20380–1775. Phone, 703–614–1492. Internet, http://www.marines.mil/.

United States Naval Academy Annapolis, MD 21402–5018 Phone, 410–293–1500. Internet, http://www.usna.edu.

Superintendent Vice Adm. Michael H. Miller, USN Commandant of Midshipmen Capt. Robert E. Clark, II, USN

The U.S. Naval Academy is the and honor, the Academy prepares young undergraduate college of the Naval men and women morally, mentally, and Service. Through its comprehensive physically to be professional officers 4-year program, which stresses in the Navy and Marine Corps. All excellence in academics, physical graduates receive a bachelor of science education, professional training, conduct, degree in 1 of 19 majors. For further information concerning the U.S. Naval Academy, contact the Superintendent, U.S. Naval Academy, 121 Blake Road, Annapolis, MD 21402–5018. Internet, http://www.usna.edu.

Defense Agencies

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency 3701 North Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA 22203–1714 Phone, 703–526–6630. Internet, http://www.darpa.mil.

Director Arati Prabhakar Deputy Director Steven H. Walker

The Defense Advanced Research Projects projects, and conducts demonstration Agency is a separately organized agency projects that represent technology within the Department of Defense and appropriate for joint programs, programs is under the authority, direction, and in support of deployed forces, or selected control of the Under Secretary of Defense programs of the military departments. To (Acquisition, Technology and Logistics). this end, the Agency arranges, manages, The Agency serves as the central and directs the performance of work research and development organization connected with assigned advanced of the Department of Defense with a projects by the military departments, primary responsibility to maintain U.S. other Government agencies, individuals, technological superiority over potential private business entities, and educational adversaries. It pursues imaginative and or research institutions, as appropriate. innovative research and development For further information, contact the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, 3701 North Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA 22203–1714. Phone, 703–526–6630. Internet, http://www.darpa.mil.

Defense Commissary Agency 1300 E Avenue, Fort Lee, VA 23801 Phone, 804–734–8253. Internet, http://www.commissaries.com.

Director and Chief Executive Officer Joseph H. Jeu Department of Defense 167

Deputy Director/Chief Operating Officer Michael J. Dowling

The Defense Commissary Agency (DeCA) business partners to satisfy its customers was established in 1990 and is under the and to promote the commissary benefit. authority, direction, and control of the The benefit fosters recruitment, retention, Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and readiness of skilled and trained and Readiness and the operational personnel. supervision of the Defense Commissary Agency Board of Directors. Sources of Information DeCA provides an efficient and Employment information is available at effective worldwide system of www.commissaries.com or by calling commissaries that sell quality groceries the following telephone numbers: and household supplies at low prices employment (703–603–1600); small to members of the Armed Services business activities (804–734–8000, community. This benefit satisfies extension 4–8015/4–8529); contracting customer demand for quality products for resale items (804–734–8000, and delivers exceptional savings while extension 4–8884/4–8885); and enhancing the military community’s contracting for operations support and quality of life. DeCA works closely with equipment (804–734–8000, extension its employees, customers, and civilian 4–8391/4–8830). For further information, contact the Defense Commissary Agency, 1300 E Avenue, Fort Lee, VA 23801–1800. Phone, 800–699–5063, extension 4–8998. Internet, http://www.commissaries.com.

Defense Contract Audit Agency 8725 John J. Kingman Road, Suite 2135, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060–6219 Phone, 703–767–3200. Internet, http://www.dcaa.mil.

Director Patrick Fitzgerald Deputy Director Anita F. Bales

The Defense Contract Audit Agency include evaluating the acceptability of (DCAA) was established in 1965 and costs claimed or proposed by contractors is under the authority, direction, and and reviewing the efficiency and control of the Under Secretary of Defense economy of contractor operations. Other (Comptroller)/Chief Financial Officer. Government agencies may request the DCAA performs all necessary contract DCAA’s services under appropriate audit functions for DOD and provides arrangements. accounting and financial advisory DCAA manages its operations through services to all Defense components five regional offices responsible for responsible for procurement and approximately 104 field audit offices contract administration. These services throughout the United States and are provided in connection with overseas. Each region is responsible the negotiation, administration, and for the contract auditing function in settlement of contracts and subcontracts its assigned area. Point of contact to ensure taxpayer dollars are spent on information for DCAA regional offices is fair and reasonable contract prices. They available at www.dcaa.mil. For further information, contact the Executive Officer, Defense Contract Audit Agency, 8725 John J. Kingman Road, Suite 2135, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060–6219. Phone, 703–767–3265. Internet, http://www.dcaa.mil. 168 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Defense Contract Management Agency 6350 Walker Lane, Alexandria, VA 22310–3241 Phone, 703–428–1700. Internet, http://www.dcma.mil.

Director Charles E. Williams, Jr. Deputy Director James Russell

The Defense Contract Management management in support of the military Agency (DCMA) was established by the departments, other DOD components, Deputy Secretary of Defense in 2000 the National Aeronautics and Space and is under the authority, direction, and Administration, other designated Federal control of the Under Secretary of Defense and State agencies, foreign governments, (Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics). and international organizations, as DCMA is responsible for DOD contract appropriate. For further information, contact the Public Affairs Office, Defense Contract Management Agency, 6350 Walker Lane, Alexandria, VA 22310–3241. Phone, 703–428–1969. Internet, http://www.dcma.mil.

Defense Finance and Accounting Service Crystal Mall 3, Room 920, Arlington, VA 22240–5291 Phone, 703–607–2616. Internet, http://www.dfas.mil.

Director Teresa A. McKay Principal Deputy Director Audrey Davis

The Defense Finance and Accounting business intelligence and finance Service (DFAS) was established in and accounting information to DOD 1991 under the authority, direction, decisionmakers. DFAS is also responsible and control of the Under Secretary of for preparing annual financial statements Defense (Comptroller)/Chief Financial and the consolidation, standardization, Officer to strengthen and reduce costs and modernization of finance and of financial management and operations accounting requirements, functions, within DOD. DFAS is responsible for all processes, operations, and systems for payments to servicemembers, employees, DOD. vendors, and contractors. It provides For further information, contact Corporate Communications, Defense Finance and Accounting Service, Crystal Mall 3, Room 924, Arlington, VA 22240–5291. Phone, 703–607–0122. Internet, http://www.dfas.mil.

Defense Information Systems Agency P.O. Box 4502, Arlington, VA 22204–4502 Phone, 703–607–6900. Internet, http://www.disa.mil.

Director Lt. Gen. Ronnie D. Hawkins, Jr., USAF Vice Director Rear Adm. David G. Simpson, USN Chief of Staff Brig. Gen. Frederick A. Henry, USA Senior Enlisted Advisor Sgt. Maj. Antonio N. Vizcarrondo, Jr., USMC

The Defense Information Systems Agency and control of the Assistant Secretary (DISA), established originally as the of Defense (Networks and Information Defense Communications Agency in Integration). DISA is a combat support 1960, is under the authority, direction, agency responsible for planning, Department of Defense 169 engineering, acquiring, fielding, President, Vice President, Secretary of operating, and supporting global net- Defense, and other DOD components. centric solutions to serve the needs of the For further information, contact the Public Affairs Office, Defense Information Systems Agency, P.O. Box 4502, Arlington, VA 22204–4502. Phone, 703–607–6900. Internet, http://www.disa.mil.

Defense Intelligence Agency The Pentagon, Washington, DC 20340–5100 Phone, 703–695–0071. Internet, http://www.dia.mil.

Director Lt. Gen. Michael T. Flynn, USA Deputy Director David R. Shedd Senior Enlisted Advisor Chief Master Sgt. Roddy D. Hartsook, USAF

The Defense Intelligence Agency Intelligence programs; operates the Joint (DIA) was established in 1961 and Intelligence Task Force for Combating is under the authority, direction, and Terrorism and the Joint Military control of the Under Secretary of Intelligence College; coordinates and Defense for Intelligence. DIA provides facilitates Measurement and Signature timely, objective, and cogent military Intelligence activities; manages and intelligence to warfighters, force plans collections from specialized planners, as well as defense and national technical sources; manages secure DOD security policymakers. DIA obtains and intelligence networks; and coordinates reports information through its field sites required intelligence support for the worldwide and the Defense Attache Secretary of Defense, Joint Chiefs of Staff, System; provides timely intelligence Combatant Commanders, and Joint Task analysis; directs Defense Human Forces. For further information, contact the Public Affairs Office, Defense Intelligence Agency, Washington, DC 20340–5100. Phone, 703–695–0071. Internet, http://www.dia.mil.

Defense Legal Services Agency The Pentagon, Washington, DC 20301–1600 Phone, 703–695–3341. Internet, http://www.dod.mil/dodgc.

Director (General Counsel) Robert S. Taylor, Acting Principal Deputy General Counsel Robert S. Taylor

The Defense Legal Services Agency support and assistance for development (DLSA) was established in 1981 and of the Department’s legislative program; is under the authority, direction, and coordinates positions on legislation and control of the General Counsel of the Presidential Executive orders; provides a Department of Defense, who also centralized legislative and congressional serves as its Director. DLSA provides document reference and distribution legal advice and services for specified point for the Department; maintains the DOD components and adjudication of Department’s historical legislative files; personnel security cases for DOD and and administers programs governing other assigned Federal agencies and standards of conduct and alternative departments. It also provides technical dispute resolution. For further information, contact the Administrative Office, Defense Legal Services Agency, Room 3A734, Washington, DC 20301–1600. Phone, 703–697–8343. Internet, http://www.dod.mil/dodgc. 170 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Defense Logistics Agency 8725 John J. Kingman Road, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060–6221 Phone, 703–767–6200. Internet, http://www.dla.mil.

Director Vice Adm. Mark D. Harnitchek, USN Vice Director Edward J. Case Chief of Staff Renee L. Roman Senior Enlisted Advisor Command Sgt. Maj. Sultan A. Muhammad, USA

The Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) programs should be addressed to Human is under the authority, direction, and Resources, Customer Support Office, control of the Under Secretary of 3990 East Broad Street, Building 11, Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Section 3, Columbus, OH, 43213–0919. Logistics. DLA supports both the logistics Phone, 877–352–4762. requirements of the military services and Environmental Program For information their acquisition of weapons and other concerning the environmental program, materiel. It provides logistics support contact the Staff Director, Environmental and technical services to all branches of and Safety, Defense Logistics Agency, the military and to a number of Federal Attn: DSS–E, 8725 John J. Kingman Road, agencies. DLA supply centers consolidate Fort Belvoir, VA 22060–6221. Phone, the requirements of the military services 703–767–6278. and procure the supplies in sufficient Procurement and Small Business quantities to meet their projected Activities For information concerning needs. DLA manages supplies in eight procurement and small business commodity areas: fuel, food, clothing, activities, contact the Director, Small construction material, electronic supplies, and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, general supplies, industrial supplies, and Defense Logistics Agency, Attn: DB, 8725 medical supplies. Information on DLA’s John J. Kingman Road, Fort Belvoir, VA field activities and regional commands is 22060–6221. Phone, 703–767–0192. available at www.dla.mil/ataglance.aspx. Surplus Sales Program Questions concerning this program should be Sources of Information addressed to DOD Surplus Sales, Employment For the Washington, DC, International Sales Office, 74 Washington metropolitan area, all inquiries and Avenue North, Battle Creek, MI 49017– applications concerning job recruitment 3092. Phone, 877–352–2255. For further information, contact the Defense Logistics Agency, 8725 John J. Kingman Road, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060–6221. Phone, 703–767–5200. Internet, http://www.dla.mil.

Defense Security Cooperation Agency 2800 Defense Pentagon, Washington, DC 20301–2800 Phone, 703–601–3700. Internet, http://www.dsca.mil.

Director Vice Adm. William E. Landay, III, USN Deputy Director Richard A. Genaille, Jr.

The Defense Security Cooperation traditional security assistance functions Agency (DSCA) was established in 1971 such as military assistance, international and is under the authority, direction, military education and training, and and control of the Under Secretary foreign military sales. DSCA also has of Defense (Policy). DSCA provides program management responsibilities for Department of Defense 171 humanitarian assistance, demining, and other DOD programs. For further information, contact the Defense Security Cooperation Agency, 2800 Defense Pentagon, Washington, DC 20301–2800. Phone, 703–601–3700. Email, [email protected]. Internet, http://www.dsca. mil.

Defense Security Service 1340 Braddock Place, Alexandria, VA 22314–1651 Phone, 703–325–9471. Internet, http://www.dss.mil.

Director Stanley L. Sims Deputy Director James J. Kren

The Defense Security Service (DSS) vital to DOD. DSS makes clearance is under the authority, direction, determinations for industry and and control of the Under Secretary provides support services for DOD of Defense for Intelligence. DSS Central Adjudicative Facilities. It ensures the safeguarding of classified provides security education, training, information used by contractors on and proactive awareness programs for behalf of the DOD and 22 other military, civilian, and cleared industry to executive branch agencies under the enhance their proficiency and awareness National Industrial Security Program. It of DOD security policies and procedures. oversees the protection of conventional DSS also has a counterintelligence arms, munitions, and explosives in the office to integrate counterintelligence custody of DOD contractors; evaluates principles into security countermeasures the protection of selected private missions and to support the national sector critical assets and infrastructures counterintelligence strategy. Information (physical and cyber-based systems) on DSS operating locations and centers and recommends measures needed is available at http://www.dss.mil/isp/ to maintain operations identified as dss_oper_loc.html. For further information, contact the Defense Security Service, Office of Congressional and Public Affairs, 1340 Braddock Place, Alexandria, VA 22314–1651. Phone, 703–325–9471. Internet, http://www.dss.mil.

Defense Threat Reduction Agency 8725 John J. Kingman Road, MS 6201, Fort Belvoir, VA 22260–5916 Phone, 703–325–2102. Internet, http://www.dtra.mil.

Director Kenneth A. Meyers Deputy Director Maj. Gen. Jay G. Santee, USAF

The Defense Threat Reduction Agency provides both offensive and defensive (DTRA) was established in 1998 and technology and operational concepts is under the authority, direction, and to warfighters. DTRA reduces the threat control of the Under Secretary of of WMD by implementing arms control Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and treaties and executing the Cooperative Logistics. DTRA’s mission is to reduce Threat Reduction Program. It uses combat the threat posed by weapons of mass support, technology development, and destruction (WMD). DTRA covers the chemical-biological defense to deter full range of WMD threats (chemical, the use and reduce the impact of such biological, nuclear, radiological, and high weapons. DTRA also prepares for future explosive), bridges the gap between the threats by developing the technology and warfighters and the technical community, concepts needed to counter new WMD sustains the nuclear deterrent, and threats and adversaries. 172 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

For further information, contact the Public Affairs Office, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, 8725 John J. Kingman Road, MS 6201, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060–5916. Phone, 703–767–5870. Internet, http://www.dtra.mil.

Missile Defense Agency The Pentagon, Washington, DC 20301–7100 Phone, 703–695–6420. Internet, http://www.mda.mil.

Director Vice Adm. James D. Syring, USN Deputy Director Maj. Gen. Samuel A. Greaves, USAF Executive Director John H. James, Jr. [For the Missile Defense Agency statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 32, Part 388]

The Missile Defense Agency’s (MDA) ballistic missile defense acquisition mission is to establish and deploy a programs and enables the Services to layered ballistic missile defense system field elements of the overall system as to intercept missiles in all phases of soon as practicable. MDA develops and their flight and against all ranges of tests technologies and, if necessary, uses threats. This capability will provide a prototype and test assets to provide early defense of the United States, deployed capability. Additionally, MDA improves forces, and allies. MDA is under the the effectiveness of deployed capabilities authority, direction, and control of by implementing new technologies as the Under Secretary of Defense for they become available or when the threat Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics. warrants an accelerated capability. MDA manages and directs DOD’s For further information, contact the Human Resources Directorate, Missile Defense Agency, Washington, DC 20301–7100. Phone, 703–614–8740. Internet, http://www.mda.mil.

National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency 4600 Sangamore Road, Bethesda, MD 20816–5003 Phone, 301–227–7300. Internet, http://www.nga.mil.

Director Letitia A. Long Deputy Director Michael A. Rodrigue Chief Operating Officer Ellen E. McCarthy Military Support Director Rear Adm. Thomas L. Brown, II, USN

The National Geospatial-Intelligence in support of our national security. Agency (NGA), formerly the National Geospatial intelligence means the use Imagery and Mapping Agency, was and analysis of imagery to describe, established in 1996 and is under the assess, and visually depict physical authority, direction, and control of features and geographically referenced the Under Secretary of Defense for activities on the Earth. Headquartered in Intelligence. NGA is a DOD combat Bethesda, MD, NGA has major facilities support agency and a member of the in the Washington, DC, Northern national intelligence community. NGA’s Virginia, and St. Louis, MO, areas with mission is to provide timely, relevant, NGA support teams worldwide. and accurate geospatial intelligence For further information, contact the Public Affairs Office, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, 4600 Sangamore Road, Bethesda, MD 20816–5003. Phone, 301–227–2057. Fax, 301–227–3920. Internet, http:// www.nga.mil. Department of Defense 173 National Security Agency / Central Security Service Fort George G. Meade, MD 20755–6248 Phone, 301–688–6524. Internet, http://www.nsa.gov.

Director Gen. Keith B. Alexander, USA Deputy Director John C. Inglis

The National Security Agency (NSA) alert, and secure environment for U.S. was established in 1952 and the warfighters and policymakers. The Central Security Service (CSS) was cryptologic resources of NSA/CSS unite established in 1972. NSA/CSS is under to provide U.S. policymakers with the authority, direction, and control intelligence information derived from of the Under Secretary of Defense for America’s adversaries while protecting Intelligence. As the Nation’s cryptologic U.S. Government signals and information organization, NSA/CSS employs the systems from exploitation by those same Nation’s premier codemakers and adversaries. codebreakers. It ensures an informed, For further information, contact the Public Affairs Office, National Security Agency/Central Security Service, Fort George G. Meade, MD 20755–6248. Phone, 301–688–6524. Internet, http://www.nsa.gov.

Pentagon Force Protection Agency Washington, DC 20301 Phone, 703–693–3685. Internet, http://www.pfpa.mil.

Director Steven E. Calvery Principal Deputy Director Jonathan H. Cofer Assistant Director, Law Enforcement James R. Knodell

The Pentagon Force Protection Agency the Pentagon and for DOD activities (PFPA) was established in May 2002 and facilities within the NCR that are in response to the events of September not under the jurisdiction of a military 11, 2001, and subsequent terrorist department. Consistent with the national threats facing the DOD workforce and strategy on combating terrorism, PFPA facilities in the National Capital Region addresses threats, including chemical, (NCR). PFPA is under the authority, biological, and radiological agents, direction, and control of the Director, through a strategy of prevention, Administration and Management, in the preparedness, detection, and response Office of the Secretary of Defense. PFPA to ensure that the DOD workforce and provides force protection, security, and facilities in the NCR are secure and law enforcement for the people, facilities, protected. infrastructure, and other resources at For further information, contact the Pentagon Force Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20301. Phone, 703–693–3685. Internet, http://www.pfpa.mil.

Joint Service Schools Defense Acquisition University 9820 Belvoir Road, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060–5565 Phone, 703–805–2764. Internet, http://www.dau.mil.

President James P. Woosley 174 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL The Defense Acquisition University Systems Management College-School (DAU), established pursuant to the of Program Managers, which provides Defense Acquisition Workforce executive and international acquisition Improvement Act of 1990 (10 U.S.C. training. DAU’s mission is to provide 1701 note), serves as the DOD center the training, career management, and for acquisition, technology, and services that enable the acquisition, logistics training; performance support; technology, and logistics community continuous learning; and knowledge to make smart business decisions and sharing. DAU is a unified structure with deliver timely and affordable capabilities five regional campuses and the Defense to warfighters. For further information, contact the Director, Operations Support Group, Defense Acquisition University, 9820 Belvoir Road, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060–5565. Phone, 800–845–7606. Internet, http://www.dau.mil.

National Intelligence University Defense Intelligence Analysis Center, Washington, DC 20340–5100 Phone, 202–231–5466. Internet, http://www.ni-u.edu.

President Rear Adm. David R. Ellison, USN

The National Intelligence University, outreach regarding intelligence matters. formerly the Joint Military Intelligence The College is authorized by Congress College, was established in 1962. The to award the bachelor of science in College is a joint service interagency intelligence, master of science and educational institution serving the technology intelligence, and master of intelligence community and operates science of strategic intelligence. Courses under the authority of the Director, are offered to full-time students in a Defense Intelligence Agency. Its mission traditional daytime format and for part- is to educate military and civilian time students in the evening, on Saturday, intelligence professionals, conduct and in an executive format (one weekend and disseminate relevant intelligence per month and a 2-week intensive research, and perform academic summer period). For further information, contact the Admissions Office, National Intelligence University, 200 MacDill Blvd (MCA–2), Washington, DC 20340–5100. Phone, 202–231–5466 or 202–231–3319. Internet, http://www.ni-u.edu.

National Defense University 300 Fifth Avenue, Building 62, Fort McNair, Washington, DC 20319–5066 Phone, 202–685–2649. Internet, http://www.ndu.edu. The National War College: 300 D Street SW., Building 61, Fort McNair, Washington, DC 20319–5078 Phone, 202–685–3674. Fax, 202–685–6461. Internet, http://www.ndu.edu/nwc/. Industrial College of the Armed Forces: 408 Fourth Avenue, Building 59, Fort McNair, Washington, DC 20319–5062 Phone, 202–685–4333. Internet, http://www.ndu.edu/icaf/. Joint Forces Staff College: 7800 Hampton Boulevard, Norfolk, VA 23511–1702 Phone, 757–443–6124. Internet, http://www.jfsc.ndu.edu. Information Resources Management College: 300 Fifth Avenue, Building 62, Fort McNair, Washington, DC 20319–5066 Phone, 202–685–6300. Internet, http://www.ndu.edu/iCollege/. College of International Security Affairs: 300 Fifth Avenue, Fort McNair, Washington, DC 20319–5066 Phone, 202–685–7773. Internet, http://www.ndu.edu/cisa. Department of Defense 175

President, National Defense University Wanda L. Nesbitt, Acting Commandant, National War College Brig. Gen. Guy T. CosentinoUSA Commandant, Dwight D. Eisenhower School Gen. Thomas GorryUSMC for National Security and Resource Strategy Commandant, Joint Forces Staff College Rear Admiral John W. Smith, Jr., USN Chancellor, Information Resources Management Mary S. McCullyActing College Chancellor, College of International Security Michael S. Bell Affairs

National Defense University security. It is the only senior service college with the primary mission of The mission of the National Defense offering a course of study that emphasizes University is to prepare military and national security policy formulation civilian leaders from the United States and the planning and implementation and other countries to evaluate national of national strategy. Its 10-month and international security challenges academic program is an issue-centered through multidisciplinary educational study in U.S. national security. The and research programs, professional elective program is designed to permit exchanges, and outreach. each student to tailor his or her The National Defense University was academic experience to meet individual established in 1976 and incorporates professional development needs. the following colleges and programs: the For further information, contact the Department of Industrial College of the Armed Forces, Administration, The National War College, 300 D Street SW., Fort McNair, Washington, DC 20319– the National War College, the Joint 5078. Phone, 202–685–3674. Internet, http://www. Forces Staff College, the Information ndu.edu/nwc/. Resources Management College, the College of International Security Affairs, Dwight D. Eisenhower School for the Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Security and Resource Strategy ​ the Center for the Study of Weapons The Industrial College of the Armed of Mass Destruction, the Center for Forces is an educational institution that Technology and National Security Policy, prepares selected military and civilians the International Student Management for strategic leadership and success in Office, the Joint Reserve Affairs Center, developing our national security strategy CAPSTONE, the Security of Defense and in evaluating, marshalling, and Corporate Fellows Program, the NATO managing resources in the execution Education Center, the Institute for of that strategy. The College offers an National Security Ethics and Leadership, education in the understanding of the the Center for Joint Strategic Logistics importance of industry to our national Excellence, the Center for Applied security strategy, and more importantly Strategic Leaders, and the Center for the resource component of national Complex Operations. security. The rigorous, compressed curriculum, completed in two semesters, For further information, contact the Human Resources Directorate, National Defense University, leads to a master of science degree in 300 Fifth Avenue, Building 62, Fort McNair, national resource strategy. Washington, DC 20319–5066. Phone, 202–685– For further information, contact the Director of 2169. Internet, http://www.ndu.edu. Operations, Industrial College of the Armed Forces, 408 Fourth Avenue, Building 59, Fort McNair, National War College The National Washington, DC 20319–5062. Phone, 202–685– War College provides education in 4333. Internet, http://www.ndu.edu/icaf/. national security policy to selected military officers and career civil service Joint Forces Staff College The employees of Federal departments Joint Forces Staff College (JFSC) is an and agencies concerned with national intermediate- and senior-level joint 176 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL college in the professional military The College’s primary areas of education system dedicated to the concentration include policy, strategic study of the principles, perspectives, planning, leadership/management, and techniques of joint operational- process improvement, capital planning level planning and warfare. The and investment, performance- and mission of JFSC is to educate national results-based management, technology security professionals in the planning assessment, architecture, information and execution of joint, multinational, assurance and security, acquisition, and interagency operations in order to domestic preparedness, transformation, instill a primary commitment to joint, e-Government, and information multinational, and interagency teamwork, operations. attitudes, and perspectives. The College For further information, contact the Office accomplishes this mission through four of Student Services, Information Resources schools: the Joint Advanced Warfighters Management College, 300 Fifth Avenue, Fort School, the Joint and Combined McNair, Washington, DC 20319–5066. Phone, 202–685–6300. Internet, http://www.ndu.edu/irmc. Warfighting School, the Joint Continuing and Distance Education School, and the College of International Security Affairs ​ Joint Command, Control, and Information The College of International Security Operations School. Affairs (CISA) is one of NDU’s five For further information, contact the Public Affairs colleges. CISA educates students from Officer, Joint Forces Staff College, 7800 Hampton across the international, interagency, Boulevard, Norfolk, VA 23511–1702. Phone, and interservice communities. CISA’s 757–443–6212. Fax, 757–443–6210. Internet, primary areas of concentration include http://www.jfsc.ndu.edu. counterterrorism, conflict management of Information Resources Management stability of operations, homeland security, College The Information Resources and defense and international security Management College provides graduate- studies. CISA is also home to NDU’s level courses in information resources International Counterterrorism Fellowship management. The College prepares Program. leaders to direct the information For further information, contact the Office of component of national power by Academic Affairs, College of International Security leveraging information and information Affairs, 300 Fifth Avenue, Fort McNair, Washington, technology for strategic advantage. DC 20319–5066. Phone, 202–685–7773. Internet, http://www.ndu.edu/cisa.

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814–4799 Phone, 301–295–3190. Internet, http://www.usuhs.mil.

President Charles L. Rice

Authorized by act of September 21, Students are selected by procedures 1972 (10 U.S.C. 2112), the Uniformed recommended by the Board of Regents Services University of the Health and prescribed by the Secretary of Sciences was established to educate Defense. The actual selection is carried career-oriented medical officers for the out by a faculty committee on admissions Military Departments and the Public and is based upon motivation and Health Service. The University currently dedication to a career in the uniformed incorporates the F. Edward Hebert School services and an overall appraisal of the of Medicine (including graduate and personal and intellectual characteristics continuing education programs) and the of the candidates without regard to Graduate School of Nursing. sex, race, religion, or national origin. Applicants must be U.S. citizens. Department of Defense 177 Medical school matriculants will be not less than 7 years, excluding graduate commissioned officers in one of the medical education. uniformed services. They must meet Students of the Graduate School of the physical and personal qualifications Nursing must be commissioned officers for such a commission and must give of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Public evidence of a strong commitment to Health Service prior to application. serving as a uniformed medical officer. Graduate nursing students must serve The graduating medical student is a commitment determined by their required to serve a period of obligation of respective service. For further information, contact the President, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814–4799. Phone, 301–295–3013. Internet, http://www.usuhs.mil. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 400 Maryland Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20202 Phone, 202–401–2000. TTY, 800–437–0833. Internet, http://www.ed.gov.

Secretary of Education Arne Duncan Deputy Secretary James H. Shelton, III Chief of Staff Emma Vadehra Assistant Secretary for Communication and Massie Ritsch Outreach Assistant Secretary for Planning, Evaluation and Gabriella Gomez, Acting Policy Development General Counsel Philip Rosenfelt, Acting Inspector General Kathleen S. Tighe Director, Institute of Education Sciences John Q. Easton Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights Catherine E. Lhamon Chief Financial Officer Thomas Skelly, Acting Assistant Secretary for Management Andrew Jackson Assistant Secretary for Legislation and Lloyd Horwich, Acting Congressional Affairs Director, Center for Faith-Based and Brenda Girton-Mitchell Neighborhood Partnerships Assistant Deputy Secretary, Office of Innovation Nadya Chinoy Dabby and Improvement Assistant Secretary for Special Education and Michael K. Yudin, Acting Rehabilitative Services Assistant Deputy Secretary and Director, Office Libia Gil, Acting of English Language Acquisition, Language Enhancement, and Academic Achievement for Limited English Proficient Students Assistant Secretary for Elementary and Deborah Delisle Secondary Education Executive Director, White House Initiative Alejandra Ceja on Educational Excellence for Hispanic Americans Under Secretary Theodore R. Mitchell Chief Operating Officer for Federal Student Aid James W. Runcie Assistant Secretary for Postsecondary Education Brenda Dann-Messier, Acting Assistant Secretary for Career, Technical, and Brenda Dann-Messier Adult Education Executive Director, White House Initiative George Cooper on Historically Black Colleges and Universities Executive Director, White House Initiative on William Mendoza Tribal Colleges and Universities Executive Director, White House Initiative on Kiran Ahuja Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders

The Department of Education ensures equal access to education; promotes educational excellence; and makes policy for, administers, and coordinates most 178 Department of Education 179 Federal assistance to education with the aim of raising student achievement and readiness for the global future.

The Department of Education was Language Enhancement, and Academic created by the Department of Education Achievement for Limited English Organization Act (20 U.S.C. 3411) and is Proficient Students helps children who administered under the supervision and are limited in their English, including direction of the Secretary of Education. immigrant children and youth, attain Secretary The Secretary of Education English proficiency, develop high levels advises the President on education plans, of academic attainment in English, policies, and programs of the Federal and meet the same challenging State Government and serves as the chief academic content and student academic executive officer of the Department, achievement standards that all children supervising all Department activities, are expected to meet. providing support to States and localities, Federal Student Aid Federal Student Aid and focusing resources to ensure equal partners with postsecondary schools and access to educational excellence financial institutions to deliver programs throughout the Nation. and services that help students finance their education beyond high school. This Activities includes administering postsecondary Institute of Education Sciences The student financial assistance programs Institute of Education Sciences was authorized under Title IV of the Higher formally established by the Education Education Act of 1965, as amended. Sciences Reform Act of 2002 (20 U.S.C. Internet, https://studentaid.ed.gov/. 9501 note). The Institute includes Innovation and Improvement The national education centers focused on Office of Innovation and Improvement research, special education, statistics, (OII) oversees competitive grant and evaluation and is the mechanism programs that support innovations in the through which the Department supports educational system and disseminates the the research activities needed to improve lessons learned from these innovative education policy and practice. practices. OII administers, coordinates, Elementary and Secondary Education ​ and recommends programs and policy The Office of Elementary and Secondary for improving the quality of activities Education directs, coordinates, and designed to support and test innovations formulates policy relating to early throughout the K–12 system in areas childhood, elementary, and secondary such as parental choice, teacher quality, education. Included are grants and use of technology in education, and contracts to State educational agencies arts in education. OII encourages and local school districts, postsecondary the establishment of charter schools schools, and nonprofit organizations through planning, start-up funding, and for disadvantaged, migrant, and Indian approaches to credit enhancement for children; enhancement of State student charter school facilities. OII also serves as achievement assessment systems; the Department’s liaison and resource to improvement of reading instruction; the nonpublic education community. economic impact aid; technology; safe Postsecondary Education The Office and healthy schools; and after-school of Postsecondary Education (OPE) learning programs. The Office also formulates Federal postsecondary focuses on improving K–12 education, education policy and administers providing children with language and programs that address critical national cognitive development, early reading, needs in support of the mission to and other readiness skills, and improving increase access to quality postsecondary the quality of teachers and other education. OPE develops policy for instructional staff. Federal student financial programs and English Language Acquisition The support programs that reach out to low- Office of English Language Acquisition, 180 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY

OFFICE OF THE OFFICE OF OFFICE OF THE DEPUTY SECRETARY COMMUNICATIONS UNDER SECRETARY AND OUTREACH

OFFICE OF INNOVATION OFFICE OF THE GENERAL COUNSEL FEDERAL STUDENT AND IMPROVEMENT AID

OFFICE OF SPECIAL OFFICE OF CAREER, EDUCATION AND OFFICE OF OFFICE OF REHABILITATIVE INSPECTOR GENERAL POSTSETECHNICAL,COND ANDARY SERVICES ADULTEDUCA EDUCATIONTION

OFFICE OF ENGLISH INSTITUTE OF OFFICE OF LANGUAGE ACQUISITION EDUCATION SCIENCES VOCATIONAL AND ADULT EDUCATION

OFFICE OF ELEMENTARY OFFICE FOR AND SECONDARY CIVIL RIGHTS EDUCATION WHITE HOUSE INITIATIVE ON HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES

OFFICE OF LEGISLATION RISK MANAGEMENT AND CONGRESSIONAL SERVICE AFFAIRS WHITE HOUSE INITIATIVE ON AMERICAN INDIAN AND OFFICE OF THE CHIEF ALASKAN NATIVE EDUCATION FINANCIAL OFFICER

WHITE HOUSE INITIATIVE ON OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT ASIAN AMERICANS AND PACIFIC ISLANDERS

OFFICE OF THE CHIEF INFORMATION WHITE HOUSE INITIATIVE ON OFFICER EDUCATIONAL EXCELLENCE FOR HISPANICS

OFFICE OF PLANNING, BUDGET SERVICE EVALUATION AND POLICY DEVELOPMENT

OFFICE OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY

CENTER FOR FAITH-BASED COMMUNITY INITIATIVES

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS OFFICE Department of Education 181 income, first-generation college students education and for adult education and and communities. OPE also supports literacy. It promotes programs that enable programs that strengthen the capacity of adults to acquire the basic literacy skills colleges and universities serving a high necessary to function in today’s society. percentage of disadvantaged students and The Office also helps students acquire improve teacher quality. OPE recognizes challenging academic and technical accrediting agencies that monitor skills and prepare for high-skill, high- academic quality, promote innovation in wage, and high-demand occupations higher education, and expand American in the 21st-century global economy. educational resources for international OCTAE provides national leadership studies and services. and works to strengthen the role of Internet, http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ community colleges in expanding access ope/index.html. to postsecondary education for youth and adults in advancing workforce Special Education and Rehabilitative development. Services The Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services Internet, http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ ovae/index.html. (OSERS) provides leadership and resources to help ensure that people with Regional Offices Each regional office disabilities have equal opportunities to serves as a center for the dissemination learn, work, and live as fully integrated of information and provides technical and contributing members of society. assistance to State and local educational OSERS has three components: The agencies and other institutions and Office of Special Education Programs individuals interested in Federal administers the Individuals with educational activities. Offices are Disabilities Education Act legislation, located in Boston, MA; New York, NY; which helps States meet the early Philadelphia, PA; Atlanta, GA; Chicago, intervention and educational needs of IL; Cleveland, OH; Dallas, TX; Kansas infants, toddlers, children, and youth City, MO; Denver, CO; San Francisco, with disabilities. The Rehabilitation CA; and Seattle, WA. Services Administration supports State Internet, http://www2.ed.gov/about/contacts/gen/ vocational rehabilitation, independent regions.html. living, and assistive technology programs that provide people with disabilities the Sources of Information services, technology, and job training Inquiries on the following categories and placement assistance they need to may be directed to the specified office, gain meaningful employment and lead Department of Education, 400 Maryland independent lives. The National Institute Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20202. on Disability and Rehabilitation Research Contracts and Small Business Activities ​ supports research and development Call or write the Office of Small and programs that improve the ability of Disadvantaged Business Utilization. individuals with disabilities to work Phone, 202–245–6301. Internet, http:// and live in a barrier-free, inclusive www.ed.gov/fund/contract-opportunities. society. OSERS also supports Gallaudet html. University, the National Technical Employment Inquiries and applications Institute for the Deaf, the American for employment and inquiries regarding Printing House for the Blind, and the the college recruitment program should Helen Keller National Center. be directed to the Human Capital and Career, Technical, and Adult Education ​ Client Services. Phone, 202–401–0553. The Office of Career, Technical, and Internet, http://www.ed.gov/jobs. Adult Education (OCTAE) administers Organization Contact the Executive grant, contract, and technical assistance Office, Office of Management. Phone, programs for vocational-technical 202–469–6785. 182 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

For further information, contact the Information Resources Center, Department of Education, Room 5E248 (FB–6), 400 Maryland Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20202. Phone, 800 -872–5327. Internet, http://www. ed.gov.

Federally Aided Corporations

American Printing House for the Blind P.O. Box 6085, Louisville, KY 40206 Phone, 502–895–2405. Internet, http://www.aph.org.

President Tuck Tinsley, III Chairman of the Board Charles Baer

Founded in 1858 as a nonprofit college level. Materials produced and organization, the American Printing distributed by APH include textbooks in House for the Blind (APH) received its Braille and large type, educational tools Federal charter in 1879 when Congress such as Braille typewriters and computer passed the Act to Promote Education software and hardware, teaching aides of the Blind. This Act designates APH such as tests and performance measures, as the official supplier of educational and other special supplies. The materials materials adapted for students who are are distributed through allotments to the legally blind and who are enrolled in States to programs serving individuals formal educational programs below the who are blind. For further information, contact the American Printing House for the Blind, P.O. Box 6085, Louisville, KY 40206. Phone, 502–895–2405. Internet, http://www.aph.org.

Gallaudet University 800 Florida Avenue NE., Washington, DC 20002 Phone, 202–651–5000. Internet, http://www.gallaudet.edu.

President, Gallaudet University T. Alan Hurwitz Chair, Board of Trustees Benjamin J. Soukup, Jr.

Gallaudet University received its Gallaudet University is accredited Federal charter in 1864 and is currently by a number of organizations, among authorized by the Education of the Deaf which are the Middle States Association Act of 1986, as amended. Gallaudet is a of Colleges and Secondary Schools, the private, nonprofit educational institution National Council for Accreditation of providing elementary, secondary, Teacher Education, and the Conference undergraduate, and continuing education of Educational Administrators of Schools programs for persons who are deaf. The and Programs for the Deaf. University offers a traditional liberal arts Laurent Clerc National Deaf Education curriculum for students who are deaf Center Gallaudet’s Laurent Clerc and graduate programs in fields related National Deaf Education Center to deafness for students who are deaf operates elementary and secondary and students who are hearing. Gallaudet education programs on the main campus also conducts a wide variety of basic and of the University. These programs applied deafness research and provides are authorized by the Education public service programs for persons who of the Deaf Act of 1986 (20 U.S.C. are deaf and for professionals who work 4304, as amended) for the primary with persons who are deaf. purpose of developing, evaluating, Department of Education 183 and disseminating model curricula, by the Education of the Deaf Act of 1986. instructional strategies, and materials in The school provides day and residential order to serve individuals who are deaf facilities for secondary-age students from or hard of hearing. The Education of the across the United States from grades 9 to Deaf Act requires the programs to include 12, inclusively. students preparing for postsecondary Kendall Demonstration Elementary opportunities other than college and School The school became the Nation’s students with a broad spectrum of needs, first demonstration elementary school for such as students who are academically the deaf by the act of December 24, 1970 challenged, come from non-English- (20 U.S.C. 695), which was also later speaking homes, have secondary superseded by the Education of the Deaf disabilities, are members of minority Act of 1986. The school is a day program groups, or are from rural areas. for students from the Washington, DC, Model Secondary School for the Deaf ​ metropolitan area from the age of onset The school was established by act of of deafness to age 15, inclusively, but not October 15, 1966, which was superseded beyond the eighth grade or its equivalent. For further information, contact the Public Relations Office, Gallaudet University, 800 Florida Avenue NE., Washington, DC 20002. Phone, 202–651–5505. Internet, http://www.gallaudet.edu.

Howard University 2400 Sixth Street NW.,Washington, DC 20059 Phone, 202–806–6100. Internet, http://www.howard.edu.

President Sidney A. Ribeau

Howard University was established by business; communications; divinity; Congress by the act of March 2, 1867 education; law; and social work. In (14 Stat. 438). It offers instruction in addition, Howard University has research 12 schools and colleges, as follows: institutes, centers, and special programs the colleges of arts and sciences; in the following areas: cancer, child dentistry; engineering, architecture, and development, computational science and computer sciences; medicine; pharmacy, engineering, international affairs, sickle nursing, and allied health sciences; cell disease, and the national human the graduate school; the schools of genome project. For further information, contact the Office of University Communications, Howard University, 2400 Sixth Street NW., Washington, DC 20059. Phone, 202–806–0970. Internet, http://www.howard.edu.

National Technical Institute for the Deaf / Rochester Institute of Technology 52 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623 Phone, 585–475–6317. Internet, http://www.ntid.edu.

President, Rochester Institute of Technology William W. Destler Vice President, National Technical Institute for James J. DeCaro the Deaf

The National Technical Institute for the Institute for the Deaf Act was superseded Deaf (NTID) was established by act of by the Education of the Deaf Act of 1986 June 8, 1965 (20 U.S.C. 681) to promote (20 U.S.C. 4431, as amended). The U.S. the employment of persons who are deaf Department of Education contracts with by providing technical and professional the Rochester Institute of Technology education. The National Technical (RIT) for the operation of a residential 184 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL facility for postsecondary technical addition, NTID students may participate training and education for individuals in approximately 200 educational who are deaf. The purpose of the special programs available through RIT. relationship with the host institution NTID also conducts applied research is to give NTID’s faculty and students in occupational- and employment-related access to more facilities, institutional aspects of deafness, communication services, and career preparation options assessment, demographics of NTID’s than could be provided otherwise by a target population, and learning processes national technical institute for the deaf in postsecondary education. In addition, operating independently. NTID conducts training workshops and NTID offers a variety of technical seminars related to deafness. These programs at the certificate, diploma, and workshops and seminars are offered associate degree levels. Degree programs nationwide to professionals who employ, include majors in business, engineering, work with, teach, or serve persons who science, and visual communications. In are deaf. For further information, contact the Rochester Institute of Technology, National Technical Institute for the Deaf, Department of Recruitment and Admissions, Lyndon Baines Johnson Building, 52 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623–5604. Phone, 716–475–6700. Internet, http://www.ntid.edu. EDITORIAL NOTE: The Department of Energy did not meet the publication deadline for submitting updated information of its activities, functions, and sources of information as required by the automatic disclosure provisions of the Freedom of Information Act (5 U.S.C. 552(a)(1)(A)).

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY 1000 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20585 Phone, 202–586–5000. Internet, http://www.energy.gov.

Secretary of Energy Ernest J. Moniz Deputy Secretary Elizabeth Sherwood-Randall Chief of Staff Jeffrey Navin, Acting Under Secretary for Nuclear Security and Frank G. Klotz Administrator for National Nuclear Security Administration Principal Deputy Administrator for National Madelyn Creedon Nuclear Security Administration Deputy Administrator, Defense Programs Donald L. Cook Deputy Administrator, Defense Nuclear Anne Harrington Nonproliferation Deputy Administrator, Naval Reactors Adm. John M. Richardson, USN Deputy Under Secretary, Counterterrorism Steven Aoki Associate Administrator, Defense Nuclear Steve Asher, Acting Security Associate Administrator, Emergency Operations Joseph J. Krol, Jr. Associate Administrator, External Affairs Clarence T. Bishop Associate Administrator, Acquisition and Project Robert B. Raines Management Associate Administrator, Management and Cynthia Lersten Budget Associate Administrator, Information Wayne Jones, Acting Management and Chief Information Officer Associate Administrator, Safety and Health Don Nichols Associate Administrator, Infrastructure and Michael Lempke Operations Office of General Counsel Bruce Diamond Under Secretary of Energy (vacancy) Assistant Secretary, Electricity Delivery and Patricia A. Hoffman Energy Reliability Assistant Secretary, Energy Efficiency and David T. Danielson Renewable Energy Assistant Secretary, Environmental Management (vacancy) Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary, Fossil Christopher A. Smith, Acting Energy Director, Legacy Management David W. Geiser Assistant Secretary, Nuclear Energy Peter B. Lyons Under Secretary for Science (vacancy) Director, Office of Science William Brinkman Administrator, Energy Information Adam E. Sieminski Administration Loan Program Office Peter W. Davidson Indian Energy Policy and Program Tracey A. LeBeau

185 186 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Director, Advanced Research Projects Agency- Cheryl Ann Martin, Acting Energy Chief Financial Officer Alison Doone, Acting Chief Human Capital Officer Robert C. Gibbs Assistant Secretary, Congressional and Bradley R. Crowell Intergovernmental Affairs Director, Economic Impact and Diversity Ladoris G. Harris General Counsel Steven P. Croley Director, Health, Safety and Security Glenn S. Podonsky Director, Hearings and Appeals Policarpio A. Marmolejos Inspector General Gregory H. Friedman Director, Intelligence and Counterintelligence Steven K. Black Director, Management Ingrid A.C. Kolb Assistant Secretary, International Affairs Jonathan H. Elkind, Acting Director, Public Affairs Daniel A. Leistikow

The Department of Energy advances the national, economic, and energy security of the United States; promotes scientific and technological innovation to support that advancement; and ensures the environmental cleanup of the national nuclear weapons complex.

The Department of Energy (DOE) was use of the U.S. Government’s intelligence established by the Department of Energy apparatus in support of DOE’s need for Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7131), information on foreign energy situations effective October 1, 1977, pursuant to and potential threats, development and Executive Order 12009 of September proliferation of global nuclear weapons, 13, 1977. The act consolidated the and foreign production and consumption major Federal energy functions into one of hydrocarbon, nuclear, and other Cabinet-level Department. energy sources. The Office formulates all Secretary The Secretary decides major DOE intelligence and counterintelligence energy policy and planning issues; policy and coordinates all investigative acts as the principal spokesperson matters with the Federal Bureau of for the Department; and ensures Investigation. effective communication and working For further information, contact the Office of relationships with the public and Intelligence and Counterintelligence. Phone, with Federal, State, local, and tribal 202–586–2610. governments. The Secretary is the Health, Safety and Security The Office principal adviser to the President on of Health, Safety and Security develops energy policies, plans, and programs. policies to protect national security and Intelligence and Counterintelligence ​ other critical assets entrusted to the DOE. The Office of Intelligence and It also manages security operations for Counterintelligence ensures that all departmental facilities in the national departmental intelligence information capital area. requirements are met and that the Department’s technical, analytical, and For further information, contact the Office of Health, Safety and Security. Phone, 301–903–3777. research expertise is made available to support U.S. intelligence efforts. Energy Programs The Office develops and implements programs to identify, neutralize, and Renewable Energy The Office of deter foreign governmental or industrial Energy Efficiency and Renewable intelligence activities directed at or Energy is responsible for formulating involving Department programs, and directing programs designed to personnel, facilities, technologies, increase the production and utilization classified information, and sensitive of renewable energy (solar, biomass, information. The Office ensures effective wind, geothermal, alcohol fuels, etc.) Department of Energy 187 Y AIRS Y AND AIRS AR CT AR AFF Y A TION AND AND AFF AL AL IMP OFFICER SECRET SECRET AIRS HUMAN FINANCIAL DIVERSIT AL PUBLIC INFORMA TIONAL POLICY AFF OFFICER OFFICER ANT ANT GENER COUNSEL T T VERNMENT CHIEF APIT AND CONGRESSIONAL FOR CHIEF C INTELLIGENCE ECONOMIC CHIEF ASSIS ASSIS COUNTERINTELLIGENCE INTERNA FOR INTERGO WER WER WER TION Y Y WER PO PO PO TION TION TION TION TION PO A A A A A AFET S TR TR TR TR TR TERN TERN GEMENT AREA APPEALS INFORMA SECURIT TH HEARINGS AND MANA TERN AND THEAS HEAL THWES ADMINIS ADMINIS ADMINIS ADMINIS ADMINIS BONNEVILLE ENERGY WES SOU SOU Y AFF Y T OR Y Y Y Y AL S ENERGY COMMISSION AMS AR AR AR AR OF Y Y AL ENERGY DELIVER OR ENERGY GENER AR T Y INSPECT ENERGY A EFFICIENCY RELIABILIT PROGR CHIEF SECRET SECRET SECRET SECRET ENERGY FEDER ABLE AND SECRET ANT ANT ANT ANT FOSSIL REGUL T T T T NUCLEAR INDIAN ENERGY ENERGY RENEW ELECTRICIT FOR FOR ASSIS ASSIS ASSIS ASSIS UNDER POLICY FOR AND AND FOR TS * Y ENERGY AR Y AND SCIENTIS Y RESEARCH OF AL AR RESEARCH AR AL SCIENTIFIC ENERGY AND SICS SICS DEVELOPMENT ENERGY ENERGY SCIENCE SECRET TING PHY PHY SCIENCE OF NUCLEAR SCIENCES Y CHERS HIGH SCIENCE SECRET ANCED BASIC T FUSION SECRET BIOLOGIC V TEA ORKFORCE AD FOR COMPU W OFFICE TMENT FOR ENVIRONMENT DEPU UNDER AR Y DEP AL AR CY A SECRET GEMENT GEMENT ENERGY - LEG AMS ANT T ENVIRONMENT MANA MANA RESEARCH FOR GENCY PROGR ASSIS OFFICE A AN ANCED V LO . AD OR OR OR AND FOR T T T AND OR A A A AMS T PROJECTS OR Officer A AND T TR TR TR A OFFICER TR FOR Y GEMENT TR GEMENT Y AR PROGR UNDER TION TIONS TIONS AR Y A A Y TRUCTURE MANA ADMINIS ADMINIS ADMINIS MANA T Operating ADMINIS ADMINIS EMERGENCY AS CQUISITION TE TE TE Y SECRET OPER OPER A TE TION NUCLEAR T INFORMA TION Chief DEPU SECRET DEFENSE FOR A INFR SECURIT COUNTER-TERRORISM FOR the TR FOR PROJECT DEPU CHIEF FOR FOR as UNDER ASSOCIA ASSOCIA ASSOCIA OF ASSOCIA INFORMA NUCLEAR COUNSEL es AL ADMINIS serv OR OR OR OR Y OFFICE T T T T TH OR OR A A A A TIONAL T T also AIRS A A ORS TR TR TR TR GENER NA TION HEAL TR TR CT A AFF Y etary NUCLEAR NUCLEAR SECURIT GEMENT REA AND Secr Y BUDGET ADMINIS ADMINIS ADMINIS ADMINIS AL V ADMINIS ADMINIS MANA SECURIT TE TE TE TE Y Y NA AND AFET T T EXTERNAL DEFENSE DEFENSE S Deputy FOR NONPROLIFER FOR FOR FOR FOR DEPU DEPU The FOR * ASSOCIA ASSOCIA ASSOCIA ASSOCIA 188 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL and hydrogen and improving the energy uranium hexafluoride activities, highly efficiency of the transportation, buildings, enriched uranium downblend, natural industrial, and utility sectors through uranium sales, and uranium enrichment support of research and development and legacy activities; and evaluates proposed technology transfer activities. It also has advanced nuclear fission energy concepts responsibility for administering programs and technical improvements for possible that provide financial assistance for State application to nuclear powerplant energy planning; weatherizing homes systems. owned by the poor and disadvantaged; For further information, contact the Director, implementing State and local energy Corporate Communications and External Affairs. conservation programs; and promoting Phone, 301–903–1636. energy efficient construction and Indian Energy Policy and Programs ​ renovation of Federal facilities. The Office of Indian Energy Policy and For further information, contact the Director of Programs was established by the Energy Information and Business Management Systems. Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 7144e). Phone, 202–586–7241. The Office is responsible for further Fossil Energy The Office of Fossil developing Indian tribal energy by Energy is responsible for research and promoting increased energy usage and development of programs involving efficiency. coal, petroleum, and natural gas. The For further information, contact the Director. fossil energy program involves applied Phone, 202–586–1272. research, exploratory development, and limited proof-of-concept testing Energy Information The Energy targeted to high-risk and high-payoff Information Administration is responsible endeavors. The objective of the program for collecting, processing, and is to provide the general technology disseminating data in the areas of energy and knowledge base that the private resource reserves, energy production, sector can use to complete development demand, consumption, distribution, and initiate commercialization of and technology. It performs analyses of advanced processes and energy systems. energy data to assist government and The program is principally executed nongovernment users in understanding through the National Energy Technology energy trends. Laboratory. The Office also manages the For further information, contact the Director, strategic petroleum reserve, the northeast National Energy Information Center. Phone, 202–586–6537. home heating oil reserve, and the naval petroleum shale reserves. Electricity Delivery and Energy For further information, contact the Office of Reliability The Office of Electricity Communications. Phone, 202–586–6803. Delivery and Energy Reliability leads a national effort to modernize and expand Nuclear Energy The Office of Nuclear America’s electricity delivery system. The Energy manages DOE programs involved Office works to improve the security and in the research and development of reliability of energy infrastructure and fission and fusion energy. This includes facilitates recovery efforts after major programs relating to naval and civilian energy supply disruptions. nuclear reactors, the nuclear fuel cycle, and space nuclear applications. The For further information, contact the Office of the Director. Phone, 202–586–1411. Office manages a program to provide radioactive and stable isotope products Advanced Research Projects Agency– to various domestic and international Energy The Advanced Research markets for medical research, health care, Projects Agency–Energy (ARPA–E) works and industrial research. The Office also to overcome the long-term and high- conducts technical analyses concerning risk challenges in the development of nonproliferation; assesses alternative energy technologies. ARPA–E promotes nuclear systems and new reactor and research and development initiatives. fuel cycle concepts; manages depleted By developing energy technologies that Department of Energy 189 reduce energy imports, improve energy accordance with their expectations; and efficiency, and reduce energy-related ensuring the long-term viability of the site emissions, the Office enhances the to support NNSA programs and projects. economic security of the United States. More information on the service center Additionally, ARPA–E ensures that the and site offices is available online: http:// United States maintains global leadership nnsa.energy.gov/aboutus/ourlocations. in developing and deploying advanced For further information, contact the Associate energy technologies. Administrator for Management and Budget. Phone, 202–586–5753. For further information, contact the Office of the Director. Phone, 202–287–1004. Defense Programs The Office of Loan Programs Office The Loan the Deputy Administrator for Defense Programs Office is responsible for the Programs directs the Nation’s nuclear domestic and commercial deployment weapons research, development, testing, of advanced clean energy technologies production, and surveillance program. It furthering national clean energy is also responsible for the production of objectives, including job creation; the special nuclear materials used by the reducing dependency on foreign oil; weapons program within the Department improving our environmental legacy; and and the management of defense nuclear enhancing American competitiveness in waste and byproducts. The Office the 21st-century global economy. ensures the technology base for the surety, reliability, military effectiveness, For further information, contact Loan Programs Office. Phone, 202–586–8335. Email, lgprogram@ and credibility of the nuclear weapons hq.doe.gov. stockpile. It also manages research in inertial confinement fusion. Nuclear Security Programs For further information, contact the Associate Administrator for Management and Budget. Phone, Nuclear Security The National Nuclear 202–586–5753. Security Administration (NNSA) was created by Congress through the National Nuclear Nonproliferation The Office Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year of the Deputy Administrator for Defense 2000 (113 Stat. 512) to bring focus to Nuclear Nonproliferation directs the the management of the Nation’s defense development of the Department’s nuclear security programs. Three existing policy, plans, procedures, and research organizations within the Department and development activities relating to of Energy—Defense Programs, Defense arms control, nonproliferation, export Nuclear Nonproliferation, and Naval controls, international nuclear safety and Reactors—were combined into a new, safeguard, and surplus fissile material separately managed agency within inventories elimination activities. DOE, headed by an Administrator who For further information, contact the Associate reports to the Secretary. NNSA seeks Administrator for Management and Budget. Phone, to strengthen national security through 202–586–5753. military application of nuclear energy Naval Reactors The Office of the and by reducing the global threat Deputy Administrator for Naval from terrorism and weapons of mass Reactors manages and performs destruction. research, development, design, The Administration’s service center acquisition, specification, construction, and eight site offices provide operations inspection, installation, certification, oversight and contract administration testing overhaul, refueling, operations for NNSA site activities, acting as the procedures, maintenance, supply agency’s risk acceptance for the site. The support, and ultimate disposition of naval site offices are responsible for the safe nuclear propulsion plants. and secure operation of facilities under For further information, contact the Deputy the purview of NNSA; supporting NNSA Administrator for Naval Reactors. Phone, 202–781– programs to ensure their success in 6174. 190 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Environmental Quality Programs conduct research in a wide range of fields, including biology, medicine, and Environmental Management The materials. For more information on the 10 Office of the Assistant Secretary for national laboratories and support centers, Environmental Management manages visit http://science.energy.gov. safe cleanup and closure of sites and facilities; directs a safe and effective For further information, contact the Director of waste management program, including Human Resources. Phone, 301–903–5705. storage and disposal of transuranic and mixed low- and high-level waste; and Operations and Field Offices maintains an applied research program The vast majority of the Department’s to provide innovative technologies that energy and physical research and yield permanent cleanup solutions at development, environmental restoration, reduced costs. and waste management activities For further information, contact the Director of are carried out by contractors who Communication/External Affairs. Phone, 202–287– operate Government-owned facilities. 5591. Management and administration of Legacy Management The Office of Government-owned, contractor-operated Legacy Management manages the facility contracts are the principal Department’s post-closure responsibilities responsibility of the Department’s five and ensures the future protection of the operations offices and three field offices. environment and human health. The Department operations offices provide Office has control and custody of legacy a formal link between Department land, structures, and facilities, and is headquarters and the field laboratories responsible for maintaining them at levels and other operating facilities. They suitable for long-term use. also manage programs and projects as assigned from lead headquarters program For further information, contact the Director of offices. Routine management guidance, Business Operations. Phone, 202–586–7388. coordination, oversight of the operations, Science Program field and site offices, and daily specific program direction for the operations The Office of Science supports basic offices is provided by the appropriate research that underpins DOE missions assistant secretary, office director, or in national security, energy, and program officer. For more information on environment; constructs and operates the site offices, visit http://nnsa.energy. large scientific facilities for the U.S. gov/aboutus/ourlocations. scientific community; and provides the infrastructure support for 10 national Power Administrations laboratories and an integrated support The marketing and transmission of center. In terms of basic research, electric power produced at Federal the Office of Science provides over hydroelectric projects and reservoirs are 40 percent of Federal support to the carried out by the Department’s four physical sciences (including 90 percent Power Administrations. Management of Federal support for high energy and oversight of the Power Administrations is nuclear physics), the sole support to the responsibility of the Deputy Secretary. sub-fields of national importance, such Bonneville Power Administration The as nuclear medicine, heavy element Administration markets power produced chemistry, and magnetic fusion, and by the Federal Columbia River Power support for the research of scientists and System at the lowest rates, consistent graduate students located in universities with sound business practices, and gives throughout the Nation. Office of Science preference to public entities. support for major scientific-user facilities, In addition, the Administration is including accelerators, synchrotron light responsible for energy conservation, sources, and neutron sources, enables renewable resource development, more than 18,000 scientists per year and fish and wildlife enhancement to use these state-of-the-art facilities to Department of Energy 191 under the provisions of the Pacific geographic area of 1.3 million square Northwest Electric Power Planning and miles. The Administration sells power Conservation Act of 1980 (16 U.S.C. 839 to cooperatives, municipalities, public note). utility districts, private utilities, Federal For further information, contact the Bonneville and State agencies, and irrigation Power Administration, 905 Eleventh Avenue NE., districts. The wholesale power customers, Portland, OR 97232–4169. Phone, 503–230–3000 or in turn, provide service to millions of 800–282–3713. retail consumers in Arizona, California, Southeastern Power Administration ​ Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, The Administration is responsible for the Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New transmission and disposition of surplus Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, electric power and energy generated at Texas, Utah, and Wyoming. reservoir projects in Alabama, Florida, The Administration is responsible Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North for the operation and maintenance of Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, transmission lines, substations, and Virginia, and West Virginia. various auxiliary power facilities in the The Administration sets the lowest aforementioned geographic area. It also possible rates for consumers, consistent plans, constructs, operates, and maintains with sound business principles, and additional Federal transmission facilities gives preference in the sale of power and that may be authorized in the future. energy to public entities. For further information, contact the Western Area Power Administration, 12155 West Alameda For further information, contact the Southeastern Parkway, Lakewood, CO 80228–1213. Phone, Power Administration, 1166 Athens Tech Road, 720–962–7000. Elberton, GA 30635–4578. Phone, 706–213–3800. Southwestern Power Administration ​ Sources of Information The Administration is responsible for the Consumer Information For information sale and disposition of electric power and on the consumer impact of Department energy in Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, policies and operations and for other Missouri, Oklahoma, and Texas. DOE consumer information, call The Administration transmits and 202–586–1908. disposes of the electric power and energy Contracts and Small and Disadvantaged generated at Federal reservoir projects, Business Utilization Activities ​ supplemented by power purchased Information on business opportunities from public and private utilities, in such with the Department and its contractors a manner as to encourage the most is available electronically through widespread and economical use. The the Internet at www.pr.doe.gov. For Administration sets the lowest possible information on existing DOE awards, call rates to consumers, consistent with sound 202–586–9051. business principles, and gives preference Electronic Access Information on the in the sale of power and energy to public Department of Energy is available online. entities. Internet, http://www.energy.gov. The Administration also conducts Employment Most jobs in the and participates in the comprehensive Department are in the competitive planning of water resource development service. Positions are filled through hiring in the Southwest. individuals with Federal civil service For further information, contact the Southwestern status, but may also be filled using Power Administration, Suite 1600, Williams Center Tower One, One West Third Street, Tulsa, OK lists of competitive eligibles from the 74103–3532. Phone, 918–595–6600. Office of Personnel Management or the Department’s special examining units. Western Area Power Administration ​ Contact the Office of Human Capital The Administration is responsible for Management. Phone, 202–586–1234. the Federal electric power marketing Freedom of Information Act For and transmission functions in 15 Central administrative and technical support and Western States, encompassing a in matters involving the Freedom of 192 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Information, Privacy, and Computer Scientific and Technical Information ​ Matching Acts, call 202–586–5955. The Office manages a system for the Email, [email protected]. centralized collection, announcement, Inspector General Hotline To report and dissemination of and historical issues of concern regarding departmental reference to the Department’s scientific operations, processes, or practices or and technical information and worldwide to report illegal acts or noncriminal energy information. Contact the Office violations, use the hotline. Phone, of Scientific and Technical Information, 202–586–4073 or 800–541–1625. Email, 175 Oak Ridge Turnpike, Oak Ridge, TN [email protected]. 37830–7255. Phone, 423–576–1188. Public Information Issuances, Press Whistleblower Assistance Federal or Releases, and Publications For media DOE contractor employees wishing to contacts, call 202–586–5575. make complaints of alleged wrongdoing Public Reading Room For information against the Department or its contractors on Department of Energy materials should call 202–586–0696. and public access to the Department’s records, call 202–586–3142. For further information, contact the Office of Public Affairs, Department of Energy, 1000 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20585. Phone, 202–586–4940. Internet, http://www.energy.gov. Department of Energy 193 EDITORIAL NOTE: The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission did not meet the publication deadline for submitting updated information of its activities, functions, and sources of information as required by the automatic disclosure provisions of the Freedom of Information Act (5 U.S.C. 552(a)(1)(A)).

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission 888 First Street NE., Washington, DC 20426 Phone, 202–502–8055. Internet, http://www.ferc.gov.

Chairman Cheryl A. LaFleur Commissioners Tony Clark, Philip D. Moeller, John R. Norris, Norman C. Bay

The Federal Energy Regulatory proposals to build liquefied natural Commission (FERC) is an independent gas terminals and interstate natural agency within the Department of gas pipelines as well as licensing Energy which regulates the interstate hydropower projects. FERC is composed transmission of electricity, natural of five members appointed by the gas, and oil. FERC has retained many President of the United States with the of the functions of the Federal Power advice and consent of the Senate. FERC Commission, such as setting rates and Commissioners serve 5-year terms and charges for the transportation and sale have an equal vote on regulatory matters. of natural gas and the transportation of One member is designated by the oil by pipelines, as well as the valuation President to serve as both Chairman and of such pipelines. FERC also reviews FERC’s administrative head. For further information, contact the Office of External Affairs. Phone, 202–502–8004 or 866–208–3372. Fax, 202–208–2106. Internet, http://www.ferc.gov. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES 200 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20201 Phone, 202–690–6343. Internet, http://www.hhs.gov.

Secretary of Health and Human Services Sylvia Mathews Burwell Deputy Secretary William Corr Chief of Staff Andrea Palm Executive Secretary C’Reda Weeden Director, Office of Intergovernmental and Paul Dioguardi External Affairs Assistant Secretary for Health Howard Koh Surgeon General Boris D. Lushniak, Acting Assistant Secretary for Administration E.J. Holland, Jr. Assistant Secretary for Financial Resources Ellen G. Murray Assistant Secretary for Legislation Jim R. Esquea Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation Richard G. Frank Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs Dori Salcido, Acting Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Nicole Lurie Response Chair, Departmental Appeals Board Constance B. Tobias Chief Administrative Law Judge, Office of Nancy J. Griswold Medicare Hearings and Appeals Director, Center for Faith-Based and Acacia Bamberg Salatti, Acting Neighborhood Partnerships Director, Office for Civil Rights Leon Rodriguez Director, Office of Global Affairs Nils Daulaire Director, Office of Health Reform Michael M. Hash General Counsel William B. Schultz Inspector General Daniel R. Levinson National Coordinator, Office of the National Karen DeSalvo Coordinator for Health Information Technology

The Department of Health and Human Services strengthens the public health and welfare of the American people by making affordable and quality health care and childcare accessible, ensuring the safety of food products, preparing for public health emergencies, and advancing the diagnosis, treatment, and curing of life-threatening illnesses.

The Department of Health and Human programs of the Federal Government Services (HHS) was created as the and directs Department staff in carrying Department of Health, Education, and out the programs and activities of the Welfare on April 11, 1953 (5 U.S.C. Department and promotes general public app.). understanding of the Department’s goals, Secretary The Secretary of Health programs, and objectives. and Human Services advises the For information on HHS regional President on health, welfare, and offices, visit the Department’s Web site. income security plans, policies, and Internet, http://www.hhs.gov/iea/regional/.

194 OR T * ARD AND BO AIRS AL HEARINGS TECHNOLOGY RIGHTS AFF TNERSHIPS COORDINA AR ARE GENER TION P COUNSEL APPEALS CIVIL AITH-BASED APPEALS TIONAL OR F AL AL GLOBAL NA FOR MEDIC OF INFORMA AND FOR OF THE TH GENER TMENT INSPECT OF AL OF AR OFFICE AIRS HEAL OFFICE CENTER OFFICE NEIGHBORHOOD DEP AFF OFFICE FOR OFFICE VERNMENT OR, EXTERNAL VICES DIRECT INTERGO AND ARE * * TES SER * TH * AID TION TION TITU DRUG TH MEDIC A A VICES HEAL INS TR TR VICE VICES RESOURCES AND MEDIC SER FOR HEAL Service. SER SER TH OF AND AND INDIAN HUMAN TIONAL FOOD Y ADMINIS ADMINIS Health HEAL NA * AND AR VICES CENTERS ublic Y AFF P T SER TION AND AR S A the ABUSE TH of TR OF SECRET TH Y HEAL ANCE T T SECRET AL ADMINIS CHIEF * component a SUBS Y DEPU HEAL FOR FOR * MENT XIC * TR O AND Y AMILIES T LIVING F DISEASE AND FOR Y TION TION RESEARCH OF ALIT A A FOR REGIS AND FOR Designates TR TR QU ANCES * ARE T GENCY A PREVENTION CONTROL AND THC GENCY SUBS A COMMUNIT DISEASE ADMINIS ADMINIS CENTERS T HEAL CHILDREN TMENT ARIA AR REFORM TH SECRET DEP * HEAL TIVE OF TION A Y Y Y Y Y Y Y EXECU AR AR AR AR AR AR AR RESPONSE CENTER ALU OFFICE HEALTH TION * AIRS A T EV TION A TH TR AFF AND RESOURCES

SECRET SECRET SECRET SECRET SECRET SECRET SECRET AND HEAL SUPPOR LEGISL ANT ANT ANT ANT ANT ANT ANT T PUBLIC T T T T T T ADMINIS FOR AM FOR LEGISLATION FOR AREDNESS ANNING FINANCIAL FOR PUBLIC AFFAIRS FOR ASSISTANT SECRETARY ASSISTANT SECRETARY ASSISTANT SECRETARY ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR ASSIS ASSIS ASSIS ASSIS ASSIS ASSIS ASSIS PL PREP OFFICE OF MINORITY FOR PROGR FOR PLANNING AND EVALUATION FOR FOR PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE* FOR

195 196 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Office of Intergovernmental and External For further information, contact the Office of the Affairs The Office of Intergovernmental Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, Room 638–G, 200 Independence Avenue SW., and External Affairs (IEA) serves the Washington, DC 20201. Internet, http://www.phe. Secretary as the primary liaison between gov/preparedness/pages/default.aspx. the Department and State, local, and tribal governments. The mission of the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Office is to facilitate communication Health regarding HHS initiatives as they relate The Office of the Assistant Secretary for to State, local, and tribal governments. Health (ASH) comprises 13 offices and IEA serves the dual role of representing 9 Presidential and secretarial advisory the State and tribal perspective in the committees. The Assistant Secretary for Federal policymaking process as well as Health heads the Office and serves as the clarifying the Federal perspective to State Secretary’s senior public health advisor. and tribal representatives. ASH provides assistance in implementing For further information, contact the Office and coordinating secretarial decisions of Intergovernmental and External Affairs, for the Public Health Service and 200 Independence Avenue SW., Room 620E, Washington, DC 20201. Phone, 202–690–6060. coordination of population-based health Internet, http://www.hhs.gov/intergovernmental. clinical divisions; provides oversight of research conducted or supported by Office of the Assistant Secretary for the Department; implements programs Preparedness and Response that provide population-based public The Office of the Assistant Secretary for health services; and provides direction Preparedness and Response (ASPR) was and policy oversight, through the established under the Pandemic and Office of the Surgeon General, for the All Hazards Preparedness Act of 2006. Public Health Service Commissioned ASPR serves as the principal advisor Corps. ASH administers a wide array to the Secretary on all matters related of interdisciplinary programs related to to Federal public health and medical disease prevention, health promotion, the preparedness and response for public reduction of health disparities, women’s health emergencies. ASPR’s mission health, HIV/AIDS, vaccine programs, is to lead the country in preparing physical fitness and sports, bioethics, for, responding to, and recovering population affairs, blood supply, from the adverse health effects of research integrity, and human research emergencies and disasters by supporting protections. our communities’ ability to withstand For further information, contact the Office of the adversity, strengthening the Nation’s Assistant Secretary for Health, 200 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20201. Internet, health and response systems, and http://www.hhs.gov/ash. enhancing national health security. ASPR leads a collaborative policy approach Sources of Information to the Department’s preparedness, response, and recovery portfolio and Civil Rights For information on works with partners across Federal, State, enforcement of civil rights laws, call local, tribal, and international bodies, in 800–368–1019. TDD, 800–537–7697. communities, and in the private sector to Internet, http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/ promote a unified and strategic approach civilrights. to the challenges of public health Contracts and Small Business Activities ​ and medical preparedness, response, For information on programs, contact and recovery. In addition, ASPR has the Director, Office of Small and operational responsibility for overseeing Disadvantaged Business Utilization. the advanced research, development, and Phone, 202–690–7300. Internet, http:// procurement of medical countermeasures www.hhs.gov/asfr/ogapa/osbdu/. and for coordinating the Federal public Departmental Appeals Board For health and medical response to incidents. information, call 202–565–0200, or address inquiries to the Departmental Department of Health and Human Services 197 Appeals Board Immediate Office, MS Act, call 800–368–1019. TDD, 800–537– 6127, Wilbur J. Cohen Building, 330 7697. Internet, http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/ Independence Avenue SW., Room privacy. G–644, Washington, DC 20201. Internet, Public Health Service Commissioned http://www.hhs.gov/dab/. Corps Officer Program Information Inspector General Contact the Office on the Commissioned Corps Officer of Inspector General, Wilbur J. Cohen programs is available at NIH’s Public Building, 330 Independence Avenue SW., Health Service Commissioned Corps Washington, DC 20201. Internet, http:// Officer Web site. Internet, http://www. oig.hhs.gov/. usphs.gov/. Inspector General Hotline To report Support Services (Fee-for-Service fraud, waste, or abuse in Department Activities) The Program Support programs, contact the Office of Inspector Center provides support services to General, OIG Hotline Operations, P.O. all components of the Department Box 23489, L’Enfant Plaza Station, and Federal agencies worldwide. For Washington, DC 20026–3489. TIPS information on fee-for-service activities Line, 800–447–8477. OIG Fugitive Line, in the areas of acquisitions, occupational 888–476–4453. TTY, 800–377–4950. health, information technology support Fax, 800–223–8164. Internet, https:// and security, human resource systems, forms.oig.hhs.gov/hotlineoperations/. financial management, and administrative Office of the Assistant Secretary operations, contact the Program Support for Health Contact the Assistant Center, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD Secretary for Health, Room 716G, 200 20857. Phone, 301–443–0034. Internet, Independence Avenue SW., Washington, http://www.psc.gov. DC 20201. Phone, 202–690–7694. Surgeon General For information on the Internet, http://www.hhs.gov/ash. Surgeon General, visit the Department’s Privacy Rights For information on the Web site. Phone, 301–443–4000. HIPAA Privacy Rule or the Patient Safety Internet, http://www.surgeongeneral.gov. For further information, contact the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 200 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20201. Phone, 877–696–6775. Internet, http://www.hhs.gov/contactus.html.

Administration for Children and Families 370 L’Enfant Promenade SW., Washington, DC 20447 Phone, 202–401–9200. Internet, http://www.acf.hhs.gov.

Assistant Secretary for Children and Families Mark Greenberg, Acting

The Administration for Children and Sources of Information Families administers programs and General Inquiries Address questions provides advice to the Secretary on issues to the appropriate office, Administration relevant to children, youth, and families; for Children and Families, 370 L’Enfant child support enforcement; community Promenade SW., Washington, DC 20447. services; developmental disabilities; Phone, 202–401–9215. Internet, http:// family assistance; Native American www.acf.hhs.gov. assistance; and refugee resettlement. For further information, contact the Administration for Children and Families, 370 L’Enfant Promenade SW., Washington, DC 20447. Phone, 202–401–9200. Internet, http://www.acf.hhs.gov. 198 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Administration for Community Living 1 Massachusetts Avenue NW., Suite 5100, Washington, DC 20201 Phone, 202–401–4634. TTY, 800–877–8339. Internet, http://www.acl.gov.

Administrator Kathy Greenlee

The Administration for Community Living Internet, http://www.eldercare.gov/ administers programs and advises the Eldercare.NET/Public/Index.aspx. Secretary on issues relevant to people General Inquiries Address questions to with disabilities, their families and the Administration for Community Living, caregivers, and the independence, well- Washington, DC 20201. Phone, 202– being, and health of older adults. 619–0724, TTY, 1–800–877–8339. Email, [email protected]. Internet, http://www. Sources of Information acl.gov/About_ACL/Contact_Us/Index. Elder Care Services Contact the elder aspx. care locator. Phone, 800–677–1116. For further information, contact the Administration for Community Living, 1 Massachusetts Avenue NW., Suite 5100, Washington, DC 20201. Phone, 202–401–4634. TTY, 800–877–8339. Internet, http://www.acl. gov.

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 540 Gaither Road, Rockville, MD 20850 Phone, 301–427–1364. Internet, http://www.ahrq.gov.

Director Richard Kronick

The Agency for Healthcare Research Sources of Information and Quality (AHRQ) is charged with General Inquiries Address questions to improving the quality, safety, efficiency, the appropriate office at the Agency for and effectiveness of health care for all Healthcare Research and Quality, 540 Americans. AHRQ supports research Gaither Road, Rockville, MD 20850. that helps people make more informed Phone, 301–427–1364. Internet, http:// decisions and improves the quality of www.ahrq.gov. health care services. For further information, contact the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 540 Gaither Road, Rockville, MD 20850. Phone, 301–427–1364. Internet, http://www.ahrq.gov.

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 4770 Buford Highway NE., Atlanta, GA 30341 Phone, 770–488–0604. Internet, http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov.

Administrator Thomas R. Frieden

The Agency for Toxic Substances adverse health effects and diminished and Disease Registry, as part of the quality of life associated with exposure Public Health Service, is charged with to hazardous substances from wastesites, the prevention of exposure to toxic unplanned releases, and other sources of substances and the prevention of the pollution present in the environment. Department of Health and Human Services 199 Sources of Information and Disease Registry. 4770 Buford Highway NE., Atlanta, GA 30341. Phone, General Inquiries Address questions 800–232–4636. TTY, (888) 232–6348. to the Agency for Toxic Substances Internet, http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov. For further information, contact the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 4770 Buford Highway NE., Atlanta, GA 30341. Phone, 770–488–0604. Internet, http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333 Phone, 800–232–4636. Internet, http://www.cdc.gov.

Director Thomas R. Frieden

The Centers for Disease Control and and policies to reduce the national Prevention (CDC), as part of the Public and international burden of infectious Health Service, is charged with protecting diseases. The Office includes the the public health of the Nation by following organizational components: providing leadership and direction in the National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral the prevention of and control of diseases Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention; the and other preventable conditions and National Center for Immunization and responding to public health emergencies. Respiratory Diseases; and the National Within the CDC, the following seven Center for Emerging and Zoonotic centers, institutes, and offices lead Infectious Diseases. prevention, diagnosis, and treatment Internet, http://www.cdc.gov/oid/. efforts for public health concerns. Center for Global Health The Office of Noncommunicable Diseases, Center leads CDC’s global health Injury, and Environmental Health The strategy, working in partnership with Office provides strategic direction foreign governments and international and leadership for the prevention of organizations to help countries around noncommunicable diseases, injuries, the world to effectively plan, manage, disabilities, and environmental health and evaluate global health care hazards. The Office includes the programs. The Center works to eradicate following organizational components: chronic diseases and life-threatening the National Center on Birth Defects and injuries, expanding global health care Developmental Disabilities; the National programs to address the leading causes of Center for Chronic Disease Prevention disability, morbidity, and mortality. and Health Promotion; the National Center for Environmental Health; and the Internet, http://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/index. html. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. National Institute for Occupational Internet, http://www.cdc.gov/maso/pdf/ONDIEHfs. Safety and Health The Institute plans, pdf. directs, and coordinates a national program to develop and establish Office of Public Health Preparedness recommended occupational safety and and Response The Office helps the health standards and to conduct research, Nation prepare for and respond to training, technical assistance, and related urgent public health threats by providing activities to assure safe and healthy strategic direction, coordination, and working conditions for every working support for CDC’s terrorism preparedness person. and emergency response activities. Internet, http://www.cdc.gov/NIOSH/. Internet, http://www.cdc.gov/phpr/. Office of Infectious Diseases The Office of Public Health Scientific Office facilitates research, programs, Services The Office provides scientific 200 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL services, knowledge, and resources and leadership in support of State, to promote public health, prepare for local, territorial, and tribal public health potential health threats, and prevent agencies, initiatives, and priorities to disease, disability, and injury. It improve the capacity and performance of includes the following organizational a comprehensive public health system. components: the National Center for Internet, http://www.cdc.gov/stltpublichealth/. Health Statistics; the Laboratory Science, Policy and Practice Program Office; Sources of Information the Public Health Informatics and Technology Program Office; the Public Employment The majority of scientific Health Surveillance Program Office; and technical positions are filled through the Epidemiology and Analysis Program the Commissioned Corps of the Public Office; and the Scientific Education Health Service, a uniformed service of and Professional Development Program the U.S. Government. Office. General Inquiries Address questions to the appropriate office at the Centers Internet, http://www.cdc.gov/ophss/. for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of State, Tribal, Local, and Department of Health and Human Territorial Support The Office provides Services, 1600 Clifton Road NE., Atlanta, guidance, strategic direction, oversight, GA 30333. For further information, contact the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333. Phone, 800–232–4636. TTY, 888–232–6348. Internet, http://www.cdc.gov.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services 7500 Security Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21244 Phone, 410–786–3000. Internet, http://www.cms.gov.

Administrator Marilyn Tavenner

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Security Boulevard, Baltimore, MD Services, formerly known as the 21244. Internet, http://www.cms.gov. Health Care Financing Administration, Medicare Hearings and Appeals For administers the Medicare, Medicaid, and information on Medicare hearings and related Federal medical care programs. appeals before administrative law judges, contact the Office of Medicare Hearings Sources of Information and Appeals, 1700 N. Moore Street, Suite General Inquiries Address questions 1800, Arlington, Virginia 22209. Phone, to the appropriate office, Centers for 703–235–0635 or 855–556–8475 (toll Medicare and Medicaid Services, 7500 free). Email, [email protected]. Internet, http://www.hhs.gov/omha. For further information, contact the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Department of Health and Human Services, 7500 Security Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21244. Phone, 410–786–3000. Internet, http:// www.cms.gov.

Food and Drug Administration 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993 Phone, 1–888–463–6332. Internet, http://www.fda.gov.

Commissioner Margaret A. Hamburg Department of Health and Human Services 201 The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) counterterrorism capability by ensuring protects the public health by ensuring the security of the food supply. the safety, efficacy, and security of human and veterinary drugs, biological Sources of Information products, medical devices, the Nation’s Employment FDA uses various civil food supply, cosmetics, and products that service examinations and registers in emit radiation. FDA also advances the its recruitment for positions. For more public health by accelerating innovations information, visit the Department’s Web to make medicines more effective and site. Internet, http://www.hhs.gov/careers. providing the public with accurate, General Inquiries Address questions science-based information on medicines to the appropriate office, Food and Drug and food to improve health. FDA Administration, 10903 New Hampshire plays a significant role in the Nation’s Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993. Internet, http://answers.hhs.gov/. For further information contact the Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993. Phone, 888–463–6332. Internet, http://www.fda.gov.

Health Resources and Services Administration 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857 Phone, 301–443–3376. Internet, http://www.hrsa.gov.

Administrator Mary K. Wakefield

The Health Resources and Services databases that protect against health care Administration (HRSA) improves access malpractice and abuse. to health care services for people who are uninsured, isolated, or medically Sources of Information vulnerable. Comprising 6 bureaus and Employment Most positions are in 10 offices, HRSA provides leadership and the Federal civil service. Some health financial support to health care providers professional positions are filled through in every State and U.S. Territory. HRSA the Commissioned Corps of the Public grantees provide health care to uninsured Health Service, a uniformed service of people, people living with HIV/AIDS, and the U.S. Government. Visit USAJOBS, pregnant women, mothers, and children. a free web-based job board for Federal HRSA trains health professionals, job seekers (https://www.usajobs.gov/). improves systems of care in rural Internet, http://www.hrsa.gov/hr/index. communities, and oversees organ, bone html. marrow, and cord blood donation. HRSA General Inquiries Address questions to also supports programs that prepare for the appropriate office, Health Resources bioterrorism, compensates individuals and Services Administration, 5600 Fishers harmed by vaccination, and maintains Lane, Rockville, MD 20857. Internet, http://www.hrsa.gov/index.html. For further information, contact the Office of Communications, Health Resources and Services Administration, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857. Phone, 301–443–3376. Internet, http://www.hrsa. gov/about/contact/. 202 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Indian Health Service 801 Thompson Avenue, Rockville, MD 20852 Phone, 301–443–2650. Internet, http://www.ihs.gov.

Director Yvette Roubideaux

The Indian Health Service, as part of health care services, including hospital the Public Health Service, provides and ambulatory medical care, preventive a comprehensive health services and rehabilitative services, and delivery system for American Indians development of community sanitation and Alaska Natives. It assists Native facilities. American tribes in developing their health programs; facilitates and assists Sources of Information tribes in coordinating health planning, General Inquiries Address questions obtaining, and utilizing health resources to the appropriate office, Indian Health available through Federal, State, and Service, 801 Thompson Avenue, local programs, operating comprehensive Rockville, MD 20852. Internet, http:// health programs, and evaluating health www.ihs.gov/contactus/. programs; and provides comprehensive For further information, contact the Management Policy and Internal Control Staff, Indian Health Service, 801 Thompson Avenue, Rockville, MD 20852. Phone, 301–443–2650. Internet, http://www.ihs.gov/contact/.

National Institutes of Health 1 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 Phone, 301–496–4000. Internet, http://www.nih.gov.

Director Francis S. Collins

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) consequences, prevention, and treatment supports biomedical and behavioral of alcohol-use disorders. research domestically and abroad, For further information, contact the National conducts research in its own laboratories Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Phone, and clinics, trains research scientists, 301–443–3885. Internet, http://www.niaaa.nih.gov. and develops and disseminates credible, Allergy and Infectious Diseases The science-based health information to the Institute conducts and supports research public. to study the causes of infectious diseases Aging The Institute conducts and and immune-mediated diseases and to supports research on the aging process, develop better means of preventing, age-related diseases, and other special diagnosing, and treating these diseases. problems and needs of older Americans. It also provides information about aging For further information, contact the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Phone, to the scientific community, health care 866–284–4107 or 301–496–5717. Internet, http:// providers, and the public. www.niaid.nih.gov. For further information, contact the National Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Institute on Aging. Phone, 301–496–1752. Internet, http://www.nia.nih.gov. Diseases The Institute supports research into the causes, treatment, and prevention Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism The of arthritis and musculoskeletal and skin Institute leads the national effort to diseases; the training of basic and clinical reduce alcohol-related problems by scientists to carry out this research; and conducting and supporting biomedical the dissemination of information on and behavioral research into the causes, research progress in these diseases. Department of Health and Human Services 203 For further information, contact the National and trains future clinical investigators. Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Nearly 500,000 volunteers from across Diseases. Phone, 301–496–8190. Internet, http:// www.niams.nih.gov. the Nation have participated in clinical Biomedical Imaging and research studies since the Center opened Bioengineering The Institute conducts, in 1953. About 1,500 clinical research coordinates, and supports research, studies are currently in progress. training, dissemination of health For further information, contact the Clinical information, and other programs Center. Phone, 301–496–2563. Internet, http:// with respect to biomedical imaging, clinicalcenter.nih.gov. biomedical engineering, and associated Complementary and Alternative technologies and modalities with Medicine The Center’s role is to biomedical applications. define, through rigorous scientific For further information, contact the National investigation, the usefulness and safety Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering. of complementary health practices Phone, 301–451–6768. Internet, http://www.nibib. that are not generally considered part nih.gov. of conventional care. This scientific Cancer The Institute coordinates research informs decisionmaking by the the National Cancer Program and public, health care professionals, and conducts and supports research, training, health policymakers regarding the use and public education with regard to and integration of such practices into the the cause, diagnosis, prevention, and health care delivery system in the United treatment of cancer. States. For further information, contact the Cancer For further information, contact the National Center Information Service. Phone, 800–422–6237 or for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 301–435–3848. Internet, http://www.cancer.gov. Phone, 888–644–6226. Internet, http://nccam.nih. gov. Center for Information Technology ​ The Center provides, coordinates, and Deafness and Other Communication manages information technology to Disorders The Institute conducts and advance computational science. supports biomedical and behavioral research and research training on For further information, contact the Center for Information Technology. Phone, 301–496–6203. normal and disordered processes of Internet, http://www.cit.nih.gov. hearing, balance, smell, taste, voice, speech, and language, and provides Child Health and Human health information, based on scientific Development The Institute conducts discovery, to the public. The Institute and supports basic, translational, conducts diverse research performed in clinical, and epidemiological research its own laboratories and funds a program on the reproductive, rehabilitative, of research and research grants. neurobiological, developmental, and behavioral processes that determine, For further information, contact the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication maximize, and maintain the health Disorders. Phone, 301–496–7243. Internet, http:// of children, adults, families, and www.nidcd.nih.gov. populations. Dental and Craniofacial Research ​ For further information, contact the Eunice Kennedy The Institute conducts and supports Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Phone, 800–370–2943. research and research training into Internet, http://www.nichd.nih.gov. the causes, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of craniofacial, oral, and dental Clinical Center The NIH Clinical diseases and disorders. Center is the clinical research hospital for NIH. By doing clinical research, For further information, contact the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. investigators translate laboratory Phone, 301–496–4261. Internet, http://www.nidcr. discoveries into better treatments, nih.gov. therapies, and interventions to improve Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney the Nation’s health. The Clinical Center Diseases The Institute conducts, fosters, conducts clinical and laboratory research 204 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL and supports basic and clinical research research and research training in areas into the causes, prevention, diagnosis, ranging from cell biology, chemistry, and and treatment of diabetes, endocrine and biophysics to genetics, pharmacology, metabolic diseases, digestive diseases and systemic response to trauma. and nutrition, kidney and urologic For further information, contact the National diseases, and blood diseases. Institute of General Medical Sciences. Phone, 301–496–7301. Internet, http://www.nigms.nih.gov. For further information, contact the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Heart, Lung, and Blood Diseases The Diseases. Phone, 301–496–3583. Internet, http:// www2.niddk.nih.gov. Institute provides leadership for a global program in diseases of the heart, blood Drug Abuse The Institute’s primary vessels, lung, and blood; sleep disorders; mission is to lead the Nation in bringing and blood resources. It conducts, the power of science to bear on drug fosters, and supports an integrated and abuse and addiction through the strategic coordinated program of basic research, support and conduct of research across a clinical investigations and trials, broad range of disciplines and the rapid observational studies, and demonstration and effective dissemination and use of and education projects. the results of that research to significantly For further information, contact the National Heart, improve drug abuse and addiction Lung, and Blood Institute. Phone, 301–496–0554. prevention and treatment and to inform Internet, http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov. policy. Human Genome Research The For further information, contact the National Institute, which helped lead the Human Institute on Drug Abuse. Phone, 301–443–1124. Internet, http://www.nida.nih.gov. Genome Project, leads and supports a broad range of initiatives and studies Environmental Health Sciences The aimed at understanding the structure and Institute reduces the burden of human function of the human genome and its illnesses and disability by understanding role in health and disease how the environment influences the For further information, contact the National development and progression of human Human Genome Research Institute. Phone, 301– disease. To have the greatest impact 496–0844. Internet, http://www.genome.gov. on preventing disease and improving human health, the Institute focuses on Library of Medicine The National basic science, disease-oriented research, Library of Medicine is the world’s global environmental health, and largest biomedical library. It serves as multidisciplinary training for researchers. the Nation’s chief medical information NIEHS also houses the National source, providing medical library services Toxicology Program, a cross-agency and extensive Web-based information organization designed to coordinate resources, such as PubMed, MedlinePlus, toxicity testing across the Federal ClinicalTrials.gov, GenBank, and Government. Toxline, to scientists, practitioners, and the general public. It conducts, fosters, For further information, contact the National and supports research and training in Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Phone, 919–541–3345. Internet, http://www.niehs.nih.gov. biomedical informatics and supports development and dissemination of Fogarty International Center The clinical terminology standards. Center addresses global health challenges For further information, contact the National Library through innovative and collaborative of Medicine. Phone, 301–496–6308. Internet, http:// research and training programs. It also www.nlm.nih.gov. supports and advances the NIH mission through international partnerships. Mental Health The National Institute of Mental Health works to transform the For further information, contact the Fogarty understanding and treatment of mental International Center. Phone, 301–496–2075. Internet, http://www.fic.nih.gov. illnesses through basic and clinical research to further the prevention, General Medical Sciences The recovery, and cure of disabling mental Institute supports basic biomedical Department of Health and Human Services 205 conditions that affect millions of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of Americans. disorders of the eye and visual system. For further information, contact the National It also directs the National Eye Health Institute of Mental Health. Phone, 866–615–6464. Education Program. Internet, http://www.nimh.nih.gov. For further information, contact the National Eye Minority Health and Health Disparities ​ Institute. Phone, 301–496–5248. Internet, http:// www.nei.nih.gov. The Institute leads scientific research to improve minority health and eliminate Research Resources The National health disparities. To achieve its mission, Center for Research Resources supports the Institute plans, reviews, coordinates, all aspects of clinical and translational and evaluates all minority health and research, connecting researchers, health disparities research and activities patients, and communities across the of the NIH; conducts and supports Nation. NCRR’s matrix of extramural research on minority health and health programs enables discoveries made at disparities; promotes and supports the a molecular and cellular level to move training of a diverse research workforce; to animal-based studies and then to translates and disseminates research patient-oriented clinical research. The information; and fosters innovative Center provides thousands of NIH- collaborations and partnerships. funded laboratory scientists and clinical For further information, contact the National researchers with the tools and training Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities. they need to understand, detect, treat, Phone, 301–402–1366. Internet, http://www.nimhd. and prevent a wide range of diseases. nih.gov. For further information, contact the National Center Neurological Disorders and Stroke ​ for Research Resources. Phone, 301–435–0888. The Institute’s mission is to reduce Email, [email protected]. Internet, http://www.nih. gov/about/almanac/organization/NCRR.htm. the burden of neurological diseases. It conducts, fosters, coordinates, and guides Scientific Review The Center for research and training on the causes, Scientific Review (CSR) organizes prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the peer review groups that evaluate neurological disorders and stroke and the majority of grant applications supports basic, translational, and clinical submitted to NIH. These groups research in related scientific areas. include experienced and respected For further information, contact the Brain Resources researchers from across the country and Information Network of the National Institute and abroad. Since 1946, CSR has of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, P.O. Box ensured that NIH grant applications 5801, Bethesda, MD 20824. Phone, 800–352–9424. receive fair, independent, expert, and Internet, http://www.ninds.nih.gov. timely reviews—free from inappropriate Nursing Research The Institute influences—so NIH can fund the most supports clinical and basic research to promising research. CSR also receives all build the scientific foundation for clinical incoming applications and assigns them practice, prevent disease and disability, to the NIH Institutes and Centers that manage and eliminate symptoms caused fund grants. by illness, and enhance end-of-life and For further information, contact the Center for palliative care. The Institute addresses Scientific Review. Phone, 301–435–1111. Internet, current workforce challenges by training http://public.csr.nih.gov. the next generation of scientists and faculty. Sources of Information For further information, contact the National Employment Information on Institute of Nursing Research. Phone, 301–496– employment opportunities is available 0207. Internet, http://www.ninr.nih.gov. at the “Jobs at NIH” Web page. Internet, Ophthalmological Diseases The http://www.jobs.nih.gov. Institute conducts, fosters, and supports General Inquiries Address questions to research on the causes, natural history, the appropriate office, National Institutes of Health, 1 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 206 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL 20892. Phone, 301–496–4000. Internet, http://www.nih.gov/about/FAQ.htm. For further information, contact the National Institutes of Health, 1 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892. Phone, 301–496–4000. Internet, http://www.nih.gov.

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration 1 Choke Cherry Road, Rockville, MD 20857 Phone, 240–276–2130. Internet, http://www.samhsa.gov.

Administrator Pamela S. Hyde

The Substance Abuse and Mental Health programs; and promotes practice Services Administration (SAMHSA) improvement in community-based, reduces the impact of substance primary, and specialty care settings. abuse and mental illness on America’s communities. SAMHSA provides national Sources of Information leadership and a voice for behavioral Employment Information is available on health; funds State and local service SAMHSA’s “Jobs and Internships” Web agencies through grants and formulas; page. Internet, http://beta.samhsa.gov/ collects data and provides surveillance about-us/jobs-internships. reports on the impact of behavioral General Inquiries Address questions health on Americans; leads efforts to to the appropriate office, Substance provide public education on mental Abuse and Mental Health Services illness and substance abuse prevention, Administration, 1 Choke Cherry Road, treatment and recovery; regulates and Rockville, MD 20857. Internet, http:// oversees national behavioral health beta.samhsa.gov/about-us/contact-us. For further information, contact the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1 Choke Cherry Road, Rockville, MD 20857. Phone, 240–276–2130. Internet, http://www.samhsa.gov. DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY Washington, DC 20528 Phone, 202–282–8000. Internet, http://www.dhs.gov.

Secretary of Homeland Security Jeh C. Johnson Deputy Secretary Alejandro N. Mayorkas Chief of Staff Christian Marrone Executive Secretary Elisa D. Montoya General Counsel Stevan E. Bunnell Under Secretary, Management Chris Cummiskey, Acting Under Secretary, National Protection and Suzanne E. Spaulding Programs Directorate Assistant Secretary, Office of Cyber Security and Roberta Stempley, Acting Communications Assistant Secretary, Infrastructure Protection Caitlin Durkovich Director, Federal Protective Service L. Eric Patterson Under Secretary, Science and Technology L. Reginald Brothers, Jr. Under Secretary, Office of Intelligence and Francis X. Taylor Analysis Assistant Secretary, Office of Policy David Heyman Assistant Secretary, Office of International Alan D. Bersin Affairs Assistant Secretary, Office of Policy (vacancy) Development Assistant Secretary, Private Sector Office Michael Stroud, Acting Assistant Secretary, State and Local Law (vacancy) Enforcement Assistant Secretary, Office of Intergovernmental Philip A. McNamara Affairs Director, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Leon Rodriguez Services Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard Adm. Robert J. Papp, Jr. Commissioner, U.S. Customs and Border R. Gil Kerlikowske Protection Assistant Secretary, U.S. Immigration and Thomas Winkowski, Acting Customs Enforcement Administrator, Federal Emergency Management W. Craig Fugate Agency Director, U.S. Secret Service Joseph Clancy, Acting Administrator ,Transportation Security John S. Pistole Administration Citizenship and Immigration Services Maria Odom, Acting Ombudsman Officer for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties Megan H. Mack, Acting Director, Domestic Nuclear Detection Office Huban Gowadia, Acting Director, Federal Law Enforcement Training Connie L. Patrick Center Assistant Secretary, Office of Health Affairs/ Kathryn Brinsfield, Acting Chief Medical Officer 207 208 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Inspector General John Roth Assistant Secretary, Office of Legislative Affairs Brian de Vallance, Acting Director, Operations Coordination and Richard Chavez Planning Chief Privacy Officer Karen Neuman Assistant Secretary, Office of Public Affairs Clark Stevens Chief Financial Officer Charles H. Fulghum

The Department of Homeland Security enforces and administers our Nation’s immigration laws, ensures resilience in the aftermath of disaster, enhances security to prevent terrorism, and safeguards and secures cyberspace.

The Department of Homeland Security The Office has oversight of all privacy (DHS) was established by the Homeland and disclosure policy matters, including Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 101 note). compliance with the Privacy Act of 1974, The Department came into existence on the Freedom of Information Act, and the January 24, 2003, and is administered completion of privacy impact statements under the supervision and direction of the on all new programs and systems, as Secretary of Homeland Security. required by the E–Government Act of 2002 and Section 222 of the Homeland Office of the Secretary Security Act. Secretary The Secretary is responsible Office for Civil Rights and Civil for developing and coordinating a Liberties The Office provides legal and comprehensive national strategy to policy advice to Department leadership protect the United States against terrorist on civil rights and civil liberties issues, attacks. The Secretary advises the investigates and resolves complaints, President on how to strengthen U.S. and provides leadership to DHS Equal borders, to provide for intelligence Employment Opportunity Programs. analysis and infrastructure protection, Office of Inspector General The to improve the use of science and Office of Inspector General (OIG) technology to counter weapons of conducts and supervises audits, mass destruction, and to create a investigations, and inspections relating comprehensive response and recovery to the Department’s programs and division. operations. The OIG examines, evaluates, The Office of the Secretary oversees and where necessary, critiques these activities in collaboration with other operations and activities, recommending Federal, State, local, and private entities ways for DHS to carry out its to carry out the Department’s overall responsibilities in the most economical, mission. The Office of the Secretary efficient, and effective manner possible. comprises 10 smaller Offices, which The OIG also reviews recommendations support the Secretary in fulfilling his or regarding existing and proposed her responsibilities. legislation and regulations relating to the Privacy Office The Privacy Office Department’s programs and operations. protects the collection, use, and Citizenship and Immigration Services disclosure of personally identifiable Ombudsman The Citizenship and information and departmental Immigration Services Ombudsman information. It ensures that appropriate (CISOMB) assists individuals and access to information is consistent employers in resolving problems with the vision, strategic mission, connected with pending U.S. Citizenship and core values of DHS. The Office and Immigration Services (USCIS) also implements the policies of the cases. In addition, as required by Department to defend and protect statute, CISOMB identifies common the individual rights, liberties, and problems experienced by individuals information interests of our citizens. and employers when seeking USCIS services and proposes changes to Department of Homeland Security 209 R L O CT T GENERA INSPE Y R E IV O ARIA AR S TE A ADVIS MILIT EXECUT T NDAN ST D GUAR SECRET D Y AR COMMA AN D S TIE COAST R S UNITE CE SECRET S AIR LIBER RIGHT PUBLIC ANT AFF OFFI T CIVIL CIVIL ASSIS R O L T ENC Y EMEN T STRA Y F AR Y AGENC FEDERA E AF EMERG AC Y ADMINI R MANAG TIV ST Y CE SECRET S AIR LA PRIV OF ANT AFF OFFI T LEGIS CHIEF CHIEF ASSIS E VIC S TE R A O ST SER SECURIT DIRECT N AN D L L N UNITED SECRET TIO MA RA S VICE ENSHIP GENERA COUNSE SER AND OMBUDS Y IMMIG Y CITIZ AR AR Y N S TE S OM A AR TIO ST SECRET CEMEN T RA SECRET D CUST ANT T HOMEL IMMIG SECRET AND ENFOR UNITE Y ASSIS C E N AR DEPUTY NG O T R R Y OFFI O OF O R NUCLEA NA S TION SECRET ION N PLANNI TIC POLIC ANT DIRECT DIRECT T P TIO S TE OPERA R COORDI AND A O RA ASSIS ST DETECT DOMES S VICE ENSHI D DIRECT IMMIG SER N CITIZ UNITE Y AND Y AR CTIO AN D W AR AM S S ARTMENT LA R CE O L R CENTE YSI SECRET CEMEN T PROTE SECRET L ING PROGR LIGEN R ANT N DIRECT ANAL T E S TE DEP AN D R A FEDERA UNDER SECRETARY ENFOR UNDER AND CTIO TIONA TRAIN INTEL ST ASSIS SSION D OMS NA BORDE COMMI PROTE CUST / UNITE R Y Y CE Y AR AR S AIR AN D OFFI LOG L E AFF / SECRET SECRET Y N N TH AR R ANT MEDICA TIO T O Y TIO SCIENC T A TECHNO T UNDER T HEAL CHIEF ASSIS SECRET OR STRA STRA ANT SECURI T ADMINI ADMINI TRANSP ASSIS Y AR L CIA EMEN T CE R SECRET FINAN OFFI MANAG UNDER CHIEF 210 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL mitigate such problems and improve The Office manages DHS’s organizational the delivery of immigration services. In identity program, which includes accomplishing each of these missions, usage of the DHS seal and related the CISOMB works impartially, soliciting guidelines. Also, the Office oversees the information and feedback from USCIS, Department’s employee communication other Government agencies, immigration activities, which include coordinating benefits applicants, and the immigration communications for departmentwide stakeholder community. initiatives, town hall meetings between Office of Legislative Affairs The management and employees, and the Office of Legislative Affairs (OLA) serves operation and management of an intranet as the Department’s primary liaison to site. Per Presidential directive, OPA’s Congress. It advocates for the policy incident communications program guides interests of the administration and the overall Federal incident communication Secretary. OLA also ensures that all activity and coordinates with State, local, DHS components are actively engaged and international partners to ensure with Congress in their specific areas accurate and timely information is of responsibility. The Office articulates provided to the public during a crisis. views on behalf of DHS components and Office of the Executive Secretary The their legislative initiatives. It responds to Office of the Executive Secretary (ESEC) requests and inquiries from congressional provides analytical and administrative committees, individual Members of support to the Office of the Secretary Congress, and their staffs. OLA also and the Office of the Deputy Secretary. participates in the Senate confirmation ESEC manages the Secretary’s internal process for each DHS Presidential and external correspondence, prepares nominee. classified and unclassified briefing Office of General Counsel The materials, and oversees development of Office of General Counsel (OGC) departmental testimony, questions for is responsible for ensuring that the record, and congressional reports. departmental activities comply with ESEC also facilitates departmental applicable legal requirements. OGC communications with Federal provides legal advice on areas such as departments and agencies, the National national security, immigration, litigation, Security Council, and other White House international law, maritime safety and executive offices. security, transportation security, border Office of the Military Advisor The security law, cybersecurity, fiscal and Senior Military Advisor provides counsel appropriations law, environmental law, to the Secretary and DHS Components and many others. It also ensures that the relating to the facilitation, coordination, Department’s efforts to secure the Nation and execution of policy, procedures, and are consistent with the civil rights and preparedness activities and operations civil liberties of its citizens and follow between DHS and the Department of the rule of law. OGC also provides Defense. legal services in several areas where the Office of Intergovernmental Affairs ​ law intersects with the achievement of The Office of Intergovernmental Affairs mission goals, such as the coordination (IGA) is responsible for communicating of the Department’s rulemaking activities, and coordinating State, local, tribal, and managing interdepartmental clearance of Territorial (SLTT) government interactions proposed legislation, and providing legal throughout the Department. IGA training for law enforcement officers. promotes an integrated national approach Office of Public Affairs The Office to homeland security by coordinating of Public Affairs (OPA) is responsible and advancing Federal interaction with for managing external and internal SLTT governments. IGA is responsible communications. The Office responds for continuing the homeland security to national media inquiries, maintains dialogue with SLTT partners, along with the Department’s Web site, and writes the national associations that represent speeches for senior Department officials. them. IGA serves as the Secretary’s Department of Homeland Security 211 primary point of contact for SLTT performance measurements relating to elected and appointed officials and their the responsibilities of the Department. associations to ensure there are open The Directorate for Management lines of communication between the ensures that the Department’s employees Department and its homeland security have well-defined responsibilities and partners. that managers and their employees have effective means of communicating with Components one another, with other governmental National Protection and Programs and nongovernmental bodies, and with Directorate The Directorate for the public they serve. National Protection and Programs Chief Financial Officer The Chief safeguards our critical information Financial Officer oversees all financial systems, borders, seaports, bridges, and management activities relating to the highways by working with State, local, programs and operations of DHS, and private sector partners to identify develops and maintains an integrated threats, determine vulnerabilities, and accounting and financial management target resources toward the greatest system, and is responsible for financial risks. Its functions include strengthening reporting and internal controls. national risk management efforts for Office of Policy The Office of Policy critical infrastructure and defining and (PLCY) coordinates departmentwide advancing homeland security protection policies, programs, and planning to initiatives. ensure consistency. The Office provides Science and Technology Directorate ​ a centralized coordination point for The Science and Technology Directorate developing and communicating policies is the primary research and development across the multiple internal and external arm of the Department. The Directorate components of the Homeland Security provides Federal, State, and local network. The Office also interacts with officials with the technology and other government entities, academia, and capabilities to protect the homeland. Its includes risk management functions for strategic objectives are to develop and DHS. deploy systems to prevent, detect, and Office of Health Affairs The Office mitigate the consequences of chemical, of Health Affairs (OHA) serves as the biological, radiological, nuclear, and principal adviser to the Secretary on explosive attacks; develop equipment, medical and public health issues. OHA protocols, and training procedures for leads the Department’s workforce health response to and recovery from those protection and medical support activities. attacks; enhance the Department’s and The Office also manages and coordinates other Federal, State, local, and tribal the Department’s biological and chemical agencies’ technical capabilities to fulfill defense programs and provides medical their homeland security-related functions; and scientific expertise to support DHS and develop technical standards and preparedness and response efforts. establish certified laboratories to evaluate Office of Intelligence and Analysis ​ homeland security and emergency The Office of Intelligence and Analysis, responder technologies for SAFETY Act as a member of the U.S. Intelligence certification. Community, is the nexus between the Directorate for Management The Nation’s intelligence apparatus and Directorate for Management is DHS components and other State, local, responsible for budget, appropriations, and private sector partners. The Office expenditure of funds, accounting ensures that information is gathered and finance; procurement; human from all relevant DHS field operations resources and personnel; information and other State, local, and private sector technology systems; facilities, property, partners and that this information is equipment, and other material resources; shared with appropriate stakeholders to and identification and tracking of produce accurate, timely, and actionable 212 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL analytical intelligence products and and contraband, while facilitating lawful services. travel, trade, and immigration. Office of Operations Coordination United States Citizenship and and Planning The Office of Immigration Services U.S. Citizenship Operations Coordination and Planning and Immigration Services (USCIS) (OPS) provides decision support and ensures that information and decisions enables the Secretary’s execution of on citizenship and immigration benefits responsibilities across the homeland are provided to customers in a timely, security enterprise by promoting accurate, consistent, courteous, and situational awareness and information professional manner, while also sharing, integrating and synchronizing helping to safeguard our national strategic operations and planning, security. USCIS is also responsible and administering the DHS continuity for enhancing the integrity of our program. OPS is responsible for providing country’s legal immigration system a joint operations coordination and by deterring, detecting, and pursuing planning capability at the strategic immigration-related fraud, combating level to support DHS operational the unauthorized practice of immigration decisionmaking, Department leadership, law, and helping to combat unauthorized and participation in interagency employment in the workplace. operations throughout the homeland United States Immigration and security enterprise and across all mission Customs Enforcement U.S. Immigration areas. and Customs Enforcement (ICE) is the Federal Law Enforcement Training principal investigative arm of DHS. ICE’s Center The Federal Law Enforcement primary mission is to promote homeland Training Center (FLETC) serves as an security and public safety through the interagency law enforcement training criminal and civil enforcement of Federal organization for 90 Federal agencies and laws governing border control, customs, provides strategically designed training to trade, and immigration. State, local, rural, tribal, Territorial, and United States Coast Guard The international law enforcement agencies. U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) protects Domestic Nuclear Detection Office ​ those on the sea, protects the Nation The Domestic Nuclear Detection Office from seaborne threats, and ensures (DNDO) is responsible for developing a the safety, security, and stewardship of global nuclear detection architecture and the Nation’s ports, waterways, coasts, acquiring and supporting the deployment and far-reaching maritime regions of of a domestic nuclear detection system economic and national security interest. to report any attempt to use nuclear Coast Guard missions include search and or radiological material against the rescue; maritime safety; ports, waterways, United States. The Office also works to and coastal security; drug interdiction; enhance the nuclear detection efforts of defense readiness; ice operations; aids Federal, State, Territorial, tribal, and local to navigation; marine environmental governments and the private sector to protection; living marine resources; and ensure a coordinated response to such other law enforcement activities. threats. Federal Emergency Management Transportation Security Administration ​ Agency Federal Emergency The Transportation Security Management Agency (FEMA) manages Administration (TSA) protects the Nation’s and coordinates the Federal response transportation systems to ensure freedom to and recovery from major domestic of movement for people and commerce. disasters and emergencies of all types. United States Customs and Border FEMA coordinates programs to improve Protection U.S. Customs and Border the effectiveness of emergency response Protection (CBP) is responsible for providers at all levels of the government securing the Nation’s borders to protect to respond to terrorist attacks, major it against terrorist threats and prevent disasters, and other emergencies. FEMA the illegal entry of inadmissible persons also initiates proactive mitigation Department of Homeland Security 213 activities, trains first responders, and infrastructure and payments systems to manages the National Flood Insurance preserve the integrity of the economy; Program and U.S. Fire Administration. and protects the White House and United States Secret Service The other designated buildings within the U.S. Secret Service (USSS) carries out Washington, DC, area. a unique dual mission of protection and investigation. The Secret Service Sources of Information protects the President, Vice President, Electronic Access Use the link below visiting heads of state and government, to visit the Department of Homeland and National Special Security Events; Security’s Web site. Internet, http://www. safeguards the Nation’s financial dhs.gov. For further information concerning the Department of Homeland Security, contact the Office of Public Affairs, Department of Homeland Security, Washington, DC 20528. Phone, 202–282–8000. Internet, https:// www.dhs.gov/about-office-public-affairs. DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT 451 Seventh Street SW., Washington, DC 20410 Phone, 202–708–1422. Internet, http://www.hud.gov.

Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Julián Castro Deputy Secretary Helen R. Kanovsky, Acting Senior Advisor to the Secretary Jennifer Ho Chief of Staff Neiland Parker General Counsel Helen R. Kanovsky Inspector General David A. Montoya Assistant Secretary for Community Planning and Mark Johnston, Acting Development Assistant Secretary for Congressional and Erika L. Moritsugu Intergovernmental Relations Assistant Secretary for Fair Housing and Equal Gustavo F. Velasquez Opportunity Assistant Secretary for Housing and Federal Carol Galante Housing Commissioner Assistant Secretary for Policy Development and Katherine M. O’Regan Research Assistant Secretary for Public and Indian Jemine Bryon, Acting Housing Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs Betsaida Alcantara Assistant Deputy Secretary for Field Policy and Mary McBride Management Chief Information Officer Rafael Diaz Chief Financial Officer Bradford Raymond Huther Chief Procurement Officer Jemine Bryon Chief Human Capital Officer Michael A. Anderson Director, Office of Healthy Homes and Lead Jon L. Gant Hazard Control Director, Office of Departmental Equal John P. Benison Employment Opportunity Director, Office of Economic Resilience Harriet Tregoning President, Government National Mortgage Theodore Tozer Association (Ginnie Mae)

The Department of Housing and Urban Development oversees our Nation’s housing needs, ensures fair housing opportunities, and creates strong, sustainable, and inclusive communities.

The Department of Housing and Urban and for the development of the Nation’s Development (HUD) was established communities; to encourage the solution in 1965 by the Department of Housing of housing and community development and Urban Development Act (42 problems through States and localities; U.S.C. 3532–3537). It was created and to encourage the maximum to administer the principal programs contributions that may be made by which provide assistance for housing vigorous private homebuilding and 214 Department of Housing and Urban Development 215 OF HOMES E LEA D CONTRO L THY N , AND TGAG OFFICE NT TIO MENT A HEAL HAZARD MOR S PRESIDE N ASSOCI GOVERN D AGE R TIONAL Y AN D APPEAL T TIO NA FO A ANT S TIVE AND ASED A S UTILIZ Y INITI COMMUNI CENTER S A L DISADV AITH-B AR F NT L SIONA AND HEARING SECRET S TION BUSINES OF AN D Y C OVERNME SMALL CE AR ANT ANT RELA CONGRES N INDIA PUBLI OFFI FOR INTERG G HOUSIN ASSIST AND ASSIST FOR SECRET T Y AR Y PMEN AR Y POLIC MEN T AN T R L FEDERA R SIONE SECRET FO AND FIELD DEPUTY G HOUSIN ANT ASSIST SECRET MANAGE COMMIS FOR HOUSING ASSIST DEVELO F EN T O E R E CHIEF OFFIC OFFIC Y L COUNSE PROCUREM AR URBAN Y GENERAL N AR F O TIO A AND CE R CE SECRET F CHIE OFFI OFFI INFORM A L SECRET E R FINANCI DEPUTY OFFIC HOUSING OR CHIEF OF L GENERA INSPECT Y Y AR AN D TUNIT R R SECRET FO S AIR FO Y OPPOR ANT HOUSING ANT AFF AR ARTMENT AIR F EQUAL ASSIST ASSIST PUBLIC SECRET DEP T GH ARD Y O AL TUNITY B AR R MEN T Y OVERSI G PLANNIN T TMEN R AR MENT OPPO ANT SECRET ISE TY FO A R L FEDERA Y POLIC FINANCE RESEARC H ANT DEVELOP OF DE P ASSIST FOR SECRET E YMENT DEVELOP AND AND O OF COMMUNI ASSIST ENTERPR HOUSING CE OFFIC EMPL Y OFFI AL A L U AR AN D HOUSING TIO N O F FEDERAL E Q TIO N TMENT TIONS SECRET AR FO R OFFICE ANT COORDINA DEP OPERA ADMINISTRA ASSIST 216 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL mortgage lending industries to housing, Regional Commission grants; the Home community development, and the Investment in Affordable Housing national economy. Program, which provides Federal Although HUD administers many assistance for housing rehabilitation, programs, its six major functions are tenant-based assistance, first-time insuring mortgages for single-family and homebuyers, and new construction for multifamily dwellings and extending when a jurisdiction is determined to need loans for home improvement and for the new rental housing; the Department’s purchasing of mobile homes; channeling programs to address homelessness; the funds from investors to the mortgage John Heinz Neighborhood Development industry through the Government Program; community outreach National Mortgage Association; partnerships; the joint community making direct loans for construction or development plan to assist institutions rehabilitation of housing projects for the of higher education working in concert elderly and the handicapped; providing with State and local governments to Federal housing subsidies for low- and undertake activities under the CDBG moderate-income families; providing program; community adjustment and grants to States and communities for economic diversification planning grants; community development activities; and the YouthBuild Program, which provides promoting and enforcing fair housing and opportunities and assistance to very low equal housing opportunity. income high school dropouts, ages 16 to Secretary The Secretary formulates 24; empowerment zones and enterprise recommendations for basic policies in communities; efforts to improve the the fields of housing and community environment; and community planning development; encourages private and development efforts of other enterprise participation in housing and departments and agencies, public and community development; promotes private organizations, private industry, the growth of cities and States and financial markets, and international the efficient and effective use of organizations. More information on housing and community and economic community planning and development development resources by stimulating is available online: http://portal.hud.gov/ private sector initiatives, public/ hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/ private sector partnerships, and public comm_planning. entrepreneurship; ensures equal access For further information, contact the Office of to housing and affirmatively prevents Community Planning and Development. Phone, discrimination in housing; and provides 202–708–2690. general oversight for the Federal National Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity ​ Mortgage Association. The Office administers fair housing laws and regulations prohibiting Program Areas discrimination in public and private Community Planning and Development ​ housing; equal opportunity laws and The Office administers grant programs regulations prohibiting discrimination in to help communities plan and finance HUD-assisted housing and community their growth and development, increase development programs; the fair housing their capacity to govern, and to provide assistance grants program to provide shelter and services for homeless financial and technical assistance to people. The Office is responsible for State and local government agencies to the implementation of Community implement local fair housing laws and Development Block Grant (CDBG) ordinances; and the Community Housing programs for entitlement communities; Resources Boards program to provide the State- and HUD-administered Small grants for fair housing activities such as Cities Program; community development outreach and education, identification loan guarantees; special purpose grants of institutional barriers to fair housing, for insular areas and historically black and complaint telephone hotlines. More colleges and universities; Appalachian information on fair housing and equal Department of Housing and Urban Development 217 opportunity is available online: http:// mentally ill; administers assisted housing portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/ programs for low-income families who program_offices/fair_housing_equal_opp. are experiencing difficulties affording For further information, contact the Office of Fair standard housing; administers grants to Housing and Equal Opportunity. Phone, 202–708– fund resident ownership of multifamily 4252. house properties; and protects Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight ​ consumers against fraudulent practices The Office oversees the financial safety of land developers and promoters. More and soundness of the Federal National information on housing is available Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) online: http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/ and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage HUD?src=/program_offices/housing. Corporation (Freddie Mac) to ensure For further information, contact the Office of that they are adequately capitalized and Housing. Phone, 202–708–3600. operating safely. Healthy Homes and Lead Hazard For further information, contact the Office of Control This Office is responsible for Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight. Phone, lead hazard control policy development, 202–414–3800. abatement, training, regulations, and Government National Mortgage research. Activities of the Office include Association (GNMA) The mission increasing public and building-industry of this Government corporation, also awareness of the dangers of lead-based known as Ginnie Mae, is to support paint poisoning and the options for expanded affordable housing by detection, risk reduction, and abatement; providing an efficient Government- encouraging the development of safer, guaranteed secondary market vehicle more effective, and less costly methods to link the capital markets with Federal for detection, risk reduction, and housing markets. Ginnie Mae guarantees abatement; and encouraging State and mortgage-backed securities composed of local governments to develop lead-based FHA-insured or VA-guaranteed mortgage paint programs covering contractor loans that are issued by private lenders certification, hazard reduction, financing, and guaranteed by GNMA with the full enforcement, and primary prevention, faith and credit of the United States. including public education. More Through these programs, Ginnie Mae information on healthy homes and lead increases the overall supply of credit hazard control is available online: http:// available for housing by providing a portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/ vehicle for channeling funds from the program_offices/healthy_homes. securities market into the mortgage For further information, contact the Office of market. More information on Ginnie Healthy Homes and Lead Hazard Control. Phone, Mae is available online: http://www. 202–755–1785. ginniemae.gov/pages/default.aspx. Public and Indian Housing The For further information, contact the Government Office administers public and Indian National Mortgage Association. Phone, 202–708– housing programs; provides technical 0926. and financial assistance in planning, Housing The Office of Housing developing, and managing low- is responsible for the Department’s income projects; provides operating housing functions. It oversees aid subsidies for public housing agencies for construction and financing of (PHAs) and Indian housing authorities new and rehabilitated housing and (IHAs), including procedures for for preservation of existing housing. reviewing the management of public The Office underwrites single-family, housing agencies; administers the multifamily, property improvement, comprehensive improvement assistance and manufactured home loans; and comprehensive grant programs for administers special purpose programs modernization of low-income housing designed specifically for the elderly, projects to upgrade living conditions, the handicapped, and the chronically correct physical deficiencies, and achieve 218 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL operating efficiency and economy; TDD, 202–708–1455. Internet, http:// administers programs for resident portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/ participation, resident management, program_offices/sdb. home ownership, economic development Directory Locator Phone, 202–708– and supportive services, and drug-free 1112. TDD, 202–708–1455. Internet, neighborhood programs; protects tenants http://www5.hud.gov:63001/po/i/ from the hazards of lead-based paint netlocator/. poisoning by requiring PHAs and IHAs Employment Inquiries and applications to comply with HUD regulations for should be directed to the headquarters’ the testing and removal of lead-based Office of Human Resources (phone, 202– paint from low-income housing units; 708–0408) or to the Personnel Division at implements and monitors program the nearest regional office. Internet, http:// requirements related to program portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/ eligibility and admission of families to program_offices/administration/careers. public and assisted housing, and tenant Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) income and rent requirements pertaining Requests Persons interested in to continued occupancy; administers inspecting documents or records under the HOPE VI and vacancy reduction the Freedom of Information Act should programs; administers voucher and contact the Freedom of Information certificate programs and the Moderate Officer. Phone, 202–708–3054. Rehabilitation Program; coordinates all Written requests should be directed departmental housing and community to the Director, Executive Secretariat, development programs for Indian and Department of Housing and Urban Alaskan Natives; and awards grants to Development, Room 10139, 451 PHAs and IHAs for the construction, Seventh Street SW., Washington, DC acquisition, and operation of public 20410. Internet, http://portal.hud.gov/ and Indian housing projects, giving hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/ priority to projects for larger families administration/foia. and acquisition of existing units. More HUD Hotline The Hotline is information on public and Indian housing maintained by the Office of the Inspector is available online: http://portal.hud.gov/ General as a means for individuals to hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/ report activities involving fraud, waste, or public_indian_housing. mismanagement. Phone, 202–708–4200 For further information, contact the Office of Public or 800–347–3735. TDD, 202–708–2451. and Indian Housing. Phone, 202–708–0950. Internet, http://www.hudoig.gov/hotline. Program Information Center The A complete list of Department of Housing Center provides viewing facilities for and Urban Development regional offices information regarding departmental is available online: http://portal.hud.gov/ activities, functions, and publications and hudportal/HUD?src=/localoffices/regions. other literature to headquarters visitors. Phone, 202–708–1420. Sources of Information Property Disposition For single-family Inquiries on the following subjects should properties, contact the Property Disposition be directed to the nearest regional office Division (phone, 202–708–0614) or the or to the specified headquarters office, Chief Property Officer at the nearest HUD Department of Housing and Urban regional office. For multifamily properties, Development, 451 Seventh Street SW., contact the Property Disposition Division Washington, DC 20410. Phone, 202– (phone, 202–708–0614) or the Regional 708–0614. TDD, 202–708–1455. Housing Director at the nearest HUD Contracts Contact the Contracting regional office. Internet, http://portal.hud. Division. Phone, 202–708–1290. gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/topics/homes_ Directory Locator Phone, 202–708–0614. for_sale. For further information, contact the Office of Public Affairs, Department of Housing and Urban Development, 451 Seventh Street SW., Washington, DC 20410. Phone, 202–708–0980. Internet, http://www.hud.gov. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 1849 C Street NW., Washington, DC 20240 Phone, 202–208–3100. Internet, http://www.doi.gov.

Secretary of the Interior Sarah M.R. Jewell Deputy Secretary Michael L. Connor Chief Information Officer Sylvia Burns, Acting Deputy Inspector General Mary L. Kendall Solicitor Hilary C. Tompkins Principal Deputy Special Trustee for American Michele F. Singer Indians Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and (vacancy) Parks Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs Kevin K. Washburn Assistant Secretary for Insular Areas Esther Puakela Kia’aina Assistant Secretary for Land and Minerals Janice M. Schneider Management Assistant Secretary for Policy, Management, and Rhea S. Suh Budget Assistant Secretary for Water and Science Anne J. Castle

The Department of the Interior protects America’s natural resources and heritage, honors our cultures and tribal communities, and supplies the energy to power our future.

The Department of the Interior was is responsible for the direction and created by act of March 3, 1849 (43 supervision of all operations and U.S.C. 1451), which transferred to it activities of the Department. Some areas the General Land Office, the Office of in which public purposes are broadly Indian Affairs, the Pension Office, and applied are detailed below. the Patent Office. It was reorganized by Fish and Wildlife and Parks The Office Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1950, as of the Assistant Secretary for Fish and amended (5 U.S.C. app.). Wildlife and Parks has responsibility The Department manages the Nation’s for programs associated with the use, public lands and minerals, national parks, management, and conservation of national wildlife refuges, and western natural resources; lands and cultural water resources and upholds Federal facilities associated with the National trust responsibilities to Indian tribes and Park and National Refuge Systems; and Alaska Natives. It is also responsible the conservation and enhancement of for migratory wildlife conservation; fish, wildlife, and habitat. The Office historic preservation; endangered species represents the Department in the conservation; surface-mined lands coordination and oversight of ecosystems protection and restoration; mapping restoration and biological resources geological, hydrological, and biological programs with other Federal agencies science for the Nation; and for financial and States and tribes. It also exercises and technical assistance for the insular secretarial direction and supervision over areas. the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Secretary The Secretary of the Interior National Park Service. reports directly to the President and 219 220 Y AR AIRS AL OF AR AFF AIRS SECRET FOR OR AR AFF INSUL INDIANS GENER OFFICE ANT T TEE AN OR INSULAR AREAS INSUL SPECIAL SOLICIT ASSIS TRUS AMERIC INSPECT OF TION U Y AMA AR BUREA RECL SCIENCE SECRET AND ANT T AL TER A VEY W ASSIS SUR GEOLOGIC AL OF TION CE OF INTERIOR A AND Y Y U Y AMA AND AR AR MINING ALS SURF OFFICE Y AFET BUREA RECL S ENFORCEMENT THE ENFORCEMENT AR ENVIRONMENT MINER SECRET GEMENT SECRET OF Y AND ANT T T OF SECRET MANA OF U AND ENERGY U GEMENT L ASSIS GEMENT AND DEPU L BUREA BUREA MANA OCEAN TMENT MANA AR OF DEP TION U A Y AR INDIAN EDUC BUREA AIRS SECRET AFF ANT T AIRS OF INDIAN U AFF ASSIS BUREA INDIAN Y AND , AR T AIRS AND Y VICE OFFICER ARIA AFF AND AR AND Y SER AIRS WILDLIFE FISH GEMENT SECRET OR AFF T TIONS A A SECRET WILDLIFE ARKS ANT SECRET TIVE MANA T P A TIVE FINANCIAL BUDGET , REGUL AND ANT AND T ASSIS COMMUNIC EXECU CONGRESSIONAL AND LEGISL – – – VICE CHIEF POLICY FISH ASSIS SER TIONAL NA ARK P Department of the Interior 221 Indian Affairs The Office of the and Minerals Management maintains Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs administrative oversight for the Bureau of is responsible for establishing and Land Management, the Bureau of Ocean implementing Indian policy and Energy Management, the Bureau of Safety programs; maintaining the Federal-tribal and Environmental Enforcement, and the Government-to-government relationship; Office of Surface Mining Reclamation assisting the Secretary of the Interior with and Enforcement. These bureaus are carrying out the Department’s Federal responsible for programs associated with trust and treaty responsibilities; exercising public land management; operations direction and supervision of the Bureau management and leasing for conventional of Indian Affairs and the Bureau of Indian and renewable energy resources and Education; directly supervising the offices minerals on public lands, including the of Federal acknowledgement and self- Outer Continental Shelf to the outer limits governance, Indian gaming, economic of U.S. economic jurisdiction; mineral development, and all administrative and operations management on Indian lands; financial resource management activities; and surface mining reclamation and and maintaining liaison coordination enforcement functions. between the Department and other Water and Science The Office of the Federal agencies that provide services or Assistant Secretary for Water and Science funding to the federally recognized tribes provides oversight to the U.S. Geological and to the eligible American Indians and Survey, the Bureau of Reclamation, and Alaska Natives. the Central Utah Project Completion Act The Office of the Special Trustee Office. It provides policy direction and for American Indians (OST) oversees oversight in program areas related to departmentwide Indian trust reform water project operations, facility security, efforts to provide more effective and natural resource management, management of and accountability as well as for geologic, hydrologic, for the Secretary of the Interior’s trust cartographic, biologic, and technological responsibilities to Indians. OST also research. It provides guidance in has programmatic responsibility for the developing national water and science management of financial trust assets, policies and environmental improvement. appraisals, and fiduciary trust beneficiary For further information, contact the Department services. of the Interior, Washington, DC 20240. Phone, Insular Areas The Office of the 202–208–3186. Internet, http://www.doi.gov/ Assistant Secretary for Insular Areas whatwedo/water/index.cfm. (IN) assists the territories of American Samoa, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Sources of Information and the Commonwealth of the Northern Inquiries on the following subjects Mariana Islands in developing more should be directed to the specified office, efficient and effective government Department of the Interior, Washington, by providing financial and technical DC 20240. assistance and serves as a focal point for Contracts Contact the Office of the management of relations between the Acquisition and Property Management, United States and the insular areas by located at 1849 C Street NW., Rm. developing and promoting appropriate 4262, Washington, D.C. 20240. Phone, Federal policies. IN also carries out the 202–513–7554. Secretary’s responsibilities that are related Electronic Access Information is to the three freely associated states (the available online. Use the link below Federated States of Micronesia, the to learn more about the Department’s Republic of the Marshall Islands, and Bureaus and Offices. Internet, http:// the Republic of Palau), the Palmyra Atoll www.doi.gov/bureaus/index.cfm. excluded areas, and Wake Atoll’s residual Employment Direct general inquiries administration. to the Human Resources Office for the Land and Minerals Management The Office of the Secretary (202–208–6702), Office of the Assistant Secretary for Land 222 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL the specific bureau or office of interest, or other electronic data sources allow any of the field offices. departmental personnel and other Museum The Interior Museum presents researchers to access information exhibits relevant to the history and from Interior Department computers mission of the Department. Programs nationwide. The Interior Library highlight bureau management of cultural maintains an informative Web site and natural resources. The Museum that includes access to its catalog of offers tours of the Interior Building’s holdings, as well as information about New Deal era art and architecture. training sessions and other educational For more information, call 202–208– programs hosted by the Library. For more 4743. Internet, http://www.doi.gov/ information, contact the Interior Library. interiormuseum/index.cfm. Phone, (202) 208–5815. Email, library@ Library The Interior Library is a ios.doi.gov. Internet, http://www.doi.gov/ national resource whose holdings library/index.cfm. support the mission of the Department, Reading Room Visit the Department its agencies, and bureaus. The Library’s of the Interior Library, Main Interior collections cover Native American Building. Phone, 202–208–5815. culture and history, American history, Internet, http://www.doi.gov/library/ national parks, geology, nature, wildlife about/directions.cfm. management, public lands management, Employee Locator To locate an and law. In addition, its collection employee of the Department of the of online subscription databases and Interior, call 202–208–3100. For further information, contact the Department of the Interior, 1849 C Street NW., Washington, DC 20240. Phone, 202–208–3100. Internet, http://www.doi.gov.

Bureau of Indian Affairs Department of the Interior, Washington, DC 20240 Phone, 202–208–3710. Internet, http://www.bia.gov.

Director Michael S. Black

The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) was of trust land, fire protection, emergency created as part of the War Department in natural disaster relief, economic 1824 and transferred to the Department development programs in some of of the Interior when the latter was the most isolated and economically established in 1849. The mission of BIA depressed areas of the United States, is to fulfill its trust responsibilities and law enforcement, administration of promote self-determination on behalf of tribal courts and detention centers, federally recognized tribal governments, implementation of legislated land and American Indians, and Alaska Natives. water claim settlements, building, repair, BIA provides services directly or and maintenance of roads and bridges, through contracts, grants, or compacts repair and maintenance of high-hazard to approximately 1.9 million American dams, and operation of irrigation systems Indians and Alaska Natives, members of and agricultural programs on Federal 566 federally recognized Indian tribes Indian lands. in the 48 contiguous United States and BIA works with American Indian and Alaska. Alaska Native tribal governments and The scope of BIA’s programs is organizations, other Federal agencies, extensive, covering virtually the entire State and local governments, and other range of State and local governmental groups interested in the development and services. The programs administered by implementation of effective programs. either tribes or BIA include: management A complete listing of Bureau of Indian of natural resources on 55 million acres Affairs Regional Offices is available Department of the Interior 223 online at www.bia.gov/whoweare/ of Indian Affairs, may be obtained from regionaloffices/index.htm. the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs, Office of Public Affairs, Sources of Information Department of the Interior, 1849 C Street Inquiries regarding Indian Affairs NW., MS–3658–MIB, Washington, DC programs, including those of the Bureau 20240. Phone, 202–208–3710. For further information, contact the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs, Office of Public Affairs, Department of the Interior, MS–3658–MIB, Washington, DC 20240. Phone, 202–208–3710. Internet, http://www.bia.gov.

Bureau of Indian Education Department of the Interior, Washington, DC 20240 Phone, 202–208–3710. Internet, http://www.bie.edu.

Director Charles M. Roessel

The Bureau of Indian Education (25 U.S.C. 450 et seq.) or the Tribally (BIE) provides quality educational Controlled Schools Act of 1988 (25 opportunities for eligible American U.S.C. 2501 et seq.), and 57 schools Indian and Alaska Native elementary, are operated by the Bureau of Indian secondary, and postsecondary students Education. BIE also oversees two from federally recognized tribes. BIE postsecondary schools: Haskell Indian is responsible for the direction and Nations University in Lawrence, KS, and management of all education functions, Southwestern Indian Polytechnic Institute including the formation of policies in Albuquerque, NM. The Bureau also and procedures, the supervision of all funds the United Tribes Technical College program activities, and the approval of and Navajo Technical College. expenditure of funds appropriated for education functions. Sources of Information BIE is responsible for educating Inquiries regarding Indian Affairs approximately 48,000 American Indian programs, including those of the Bureau and Alaska Native children at 183 of Indian Education, may be obtained elementary and secondary schools on from the Office of the Assistant Secretary 64 reservations in 23 States. Of these for Indian Affairs, Office of Public Affairs, schools, 126 are tribally operated Department of the Interior, 1849 C Street under the Indian Self-Determination NW., MS–3658–MIB, Washington, DC and Education Assistance Act of 1975 20240. Phone, 202–208–3710. For further information, contact the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs, Office of Public Affairs, Department of the Interior, MS–3658–MIB, Washington, DC 20240. Phone, 202–208–3710. Internet, http://www.bie.edu.

Bureau of Land Management Department of the Interior, Washington, DC 20240 Phone, 202–912–7400. Internet, http://www.blm.gov.

Deputy Director Neil G. Kornze Deputy Director for Operations Steven A. Ellis Deputy Director for Programs and Policy Linda Lance 224 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) The BLM oversees and manages the was established July 16, 1946, by the development of onshore energy and consolidation of the General Land Office mineral leases and ensures compliance (created in 1812) and the Grazing Service with applicable regulations governing (formed in 1934). the extraction of these resources. It is The BLM manages more land (245 responsible for issuing rights-of-way, million acres) than any other Federal leases, and permits. agency. This land, known as the National The BLM is also responsible for the System of Public Lands, is primarily survey of Federal lands and establishes located in 12 Western States, including and maintains public land records and Alaska. The BLM, with a budget of mining claims records. about $1 billion, also administers 700 A complete list of Bureau of Land million acres of subsurface mineral Management field offices is available estate throughout the Nation. The BLM’s online at http://www.blm.gov. multiple-use mission is to sustain the health and productivity of the public Sources of Information lands for the use and enjoyment of Contracts The BLM and the Department present and future generations. The BLM are now acquiring goods and services accomplishes this by managing such through the Internet Web site at http:// activities as outdoor recreation, livestock ideasec.nbc.gov. To take advantage of grazing, mineral development, and future business opportunities with the energy production, and by conserving BLM, you must: (1) obtain a valid Dun & natural, historical, cultural, and other Bradstreet number from Dun & Bradstreet resources on public lands. at www.dnb.com, or by calling them at Resources managed by the BLM 800–333–0505, or (2) register your firm include timber, solid minerals, oil and on the Central Contractor Registration gas, geothermal energy, wildlife habitat, System at www.ccr.gov. Also, for endangered plant and animal species, information about BLM’s purchases, how rangeland vegetation, recreation and to do business with the BLM, and BLM cultural values, wild and scenic rivers, acquisition offices and contacts, visit designated conservation and wilderness the BLM National Acquisition Web site areas, and open space. BLM programs at www.blm.gov/natacq. You may also provide for the protection (including view BLM’s projected purchases of goods fire suppression when appropriate), and services, known as the Advanced orderly development, and use of the Procurement Plan. public lands and resources under Employment Inquiries should be principles of multiple use and sustained directed to the National Operations yield. Land-use plans are developed Center Division of Human Resources with public involvement to provide Services, any Bureau of Land orderly use and development while Management State Office, or the Human maintaining and enhancing the quality Capital Management Directorate, of the environment. The BLM also Department of the Interior, Washington, manages watersheds to protect soil DC. Phone, 202–501–6723. Additional and enhance water quality; develops employment information is available recreational opportunities on public online. Internet, http://www.blm.gov/wo/ lands; administers programs to protect st/en/res/blm_jobs.html. and manage wild horses and burros; General Inquiries For general inquiries, and under certain conditions, makes contact any of the State offices or the land available for sale to individuals, Bureau of Land Management, Office organizations, local governments, of Public Affairs, Department of the and other Federal agencies when Interior, Washington, DC 20240. Phone, such transfer is in the public interest. 202–912–7400. Fax, 202–912–7181. Lands may be leased to State and local Internet, http://www.blm.gov/wo/st/en/ government agencies and to nonprofit info/directory/WO-610_dir.html. organizations for certain purposes. Department of the Interior 225 Publications The annual publication (phone, 202–912–7073); the National “Public Land Statistics” is available Operations Center in Lakewood, CO online. Internet, http://www.blm.gov/ (phone, 303–236–6309); and the Oregon public_land_statistics/index.htm. State office (phone, 503–808–6228). Reading Rooms All State offices provide The acquisition plan and procurement facilities for individuals who wish to office contacts are available through the examine status records, tract books, or Internet at http://www.blm.gov/wo/st/en/ other records relating to the public lands prog/more/procurement.html. and their resources. Speakers Local BLM offices will arrange Small Business Activities The BLM has for speakers to explain BLM programs three major buying offices that provide upon request from organizations within contacts for small business activities: the their areas of jurisdiction. Headquarters Office in Washington, DC For further information, contact the Office of Public Affairs, Bureau of Land Management, Department of the Interior, MS–2134–LM, Washington, DC 20240. Phone, 202–912–7400. Internet, http://www.blm.gov.

Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Department of the Interior, Washington, DC 20240 Phone, 202–208–3985. Internet, http://www.boem.gov.

Director Walter D. Cruickshank, Acting

The Bureau of Ocean Energy BOEM promotes cooperative Management (BOEM) was created relationships between the Federal on October 1, 2011, as directed, by Government, States, and tribes and native Secretarial Order No. 3299, as amended. communities with respect to national, BOEM assesses the nature, extent, regional, and local issues related to recoverability, and value of leasable the full scope of its responsibility. The minerals, renewable and other authorized operations of BOEM support a number energy, and marine-related activities of national goals and objectives, on the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS). including energy security, environmental BOEM promotes the exploration, protection, and social and economic inventory, and responsible development development. of energy and mineral resources and A complete list of BOEM regional other authorized energy or marine-related offices is available online at http://www. activities; provides a structure to analyze boem.gov/BOEM–Regions. the potential environmental effects of proposed operations related to resource Sources of Information management; develops and implements For more information on the Bureau of regulations governing leasing, resource Ocean Energy Management, including evaluation, resource management, plans, information on employment, contracts, and the economic evaluation of offshore programs, and activities, contact the activities; and oversees the financial Public Affairs Office, Department of the accountability of lessees, operators, and Interior, 1849 C Street NW., Washington, operating-rights holders to ensure that DC 20240–7000. Phone, 202–208–6474. these responsible parties can meet their Internet, http://www.boem.gov/BOEM- financial and contractual commitments. Newsroom. For further information, contact the Office of Public Affairs, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Department of the Interior, Washington, DC 20240–7000. Phone, 202–208–6474. Email, [email protected]. Internet, http://www.boem.gov. 226 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Bureau of Reclamation Department of the Interior, Washington, DC 20240 Phone, 202–513–0575. Internet, http://www.usbr.gov.

Commissioner Lowell Pimley, Acting

The Bureau of Reclamation was manufacturers, and suppliers, is available established pursuant to the Reclamation online and from the Acquisition and Act of 1902 (43 U.S.C. 371 et seq.). The Assistance Management Division, Bureau is the largest wholesale water Building 67, Denver Federal Center, supplier and the second largest producer Denver, CO 80225. Phone, 303–445– of hydroelectric power in the United 2431. Internet, http://www.usbr.gov/mso/ States, with operations and facilities aamd/doing-business.html. in the 17 Western States. Its facilities Employment Information on also provide substantial flood control, engineering and other positions is recreation, and fish and wildlife benefits. available from the nearest regional A complete list of Bureau of office or from the Diversity and Human Reclamation offices is available online Resources Office, Denver, CO. Phone, at http://www.usbr.gov/main/about/ 303–445–2684. Internet, http://www. addresses.html. usajobs.gov. Publications Publications for sale are Sources of Information available through the National Technical Contracts Information on doing Information Service. Phone, 1–800–553– business with the Bureau, including NTIS (6847). Internet, http://www.ntis. information relevant to contractors, gov. For further information, contact the Office of Public Affairs, Bureau of Reclamation, Department of the Interior, Washington, DC 20240–0001. Phone, 202–513–0575. Internet, http://www.usbr.gov.

Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement Department of the Interior, Washington, DC 20240 Phone, 202–208–3985. Internet, http://www.bsee.gov.

Director James A. Watson

The Bureau of Safety and Environmental and developing area and regional oil spill Enforcement (BSEE) was created on May contingency plans. 19, 2010, by Secretarial Order No. 3299, Consistent with the Secretary’s as amended. authorities under the OCS Lands BSEE is responsible for regulating Act, regulations in 30 CFR 250, and and enforcing safety, environment, cooperation with the Coast Guard, BSEE and conservation compliance during is responsible for the development, development of the Nation’s ocean oversight, and enforcement of safety for energy and marine mineral resources OCS operations. on the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS). For a complete list of BSEE regional BSEE is also responsible for field offices, go to http://www.bsee.gov/About- operations, offshore regulatory programs, BSEE/BSEE–Regions/BSEE–Regions.aspx. production and development, training, environmental compliance, the Bureau’s Sources of Information aviation program, review and creation of For further information about Bureau of policy, guidance, direction, and oversight Safety and Environmental Enforcement of activities related to BSEE’s oil spill employment, contracts, programs, and response program as well as managing Department of the Interior 227 activities, contact the Public Affairs 7000. Phone, 202–208–3985. Internet, Office, Department of the Interior, 1849 http://www.bsee.gov/About-BSEE/ C Street NW., Washington, DC 20240– Contact-US/Contact-Us.aspx. For further information, contact the Office of Public Affairs, Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement, Department of the Interior, Washington, DC 20240–7000. Phone, 202–208–3985. Internet, http://www.bsee.gov.

National Park Service Department of the Interior, Washington, DC 20240 Phone, 202–208–6843. Internet, http://www.nps.gov.

Director Jonathan B. Jarvis

The National Park Service was Conservation Fund, nationwide outdoor established in the Department of the recreation coordination and information, Interior on August 25, 1916 (16 U.S.C. 1). State comprehensive outdoor recreation The National Park Service is dedicated planning, planning and technical to protecting the natural and cultural assistance for the national wild and resources and values of the National scenic rivers system, the national trails Park System for the benefit of present system, natural area programs, the and future generations. There are 401 National Register of Historic Places, units in the National Park System, national historic landmarks, historic including national parks, monuments preservation, technical preservation and memorials, scenic parkways, services, the historic American buildings preserves, reserves, trails, riverways, survey, the historic American engineering wild and scenic rivers, seashores, record, and interagency archeological lakeshores, recreation areas, battlefields services. and battlefield parks and sites, national A complete list of National Park military parks, international historic Service regional offices is available sites, and historic sites associated with online at www.nps.gov/aboutus/ important movements, events, and contactinformation.htm. personalities of the American past. The Service is also responsible for Sources of Information managing a great variety of national and Contracts Information on contracts and international programs designed to help contracting opportunities is available extend the benefits of natural and cultural online. Internet, http://www.nps.gov/ resource conservation and outdoor aboutus/doingbusinesswithus.htm. recreation throughout this country and Employment Information on permanent the world. and seasonal job opportunities is The National Park Service develops available at the USAJobs Web site, the and implements park management Federal Government’s one-stop source plans and staffs the areas under its for Federal employment. For additional administration. It relates the natural information on permanent careers, values and historical significance of seasonal opportunities, and internships these areas to the public through talks, with the National Park Service, go online tours, films, exhibits, publications, and and use the link below. Internet, http:// other interpretive media. It operates www.nps.gov/aboutus/workwithus.htm. campgrounds and other visitor facilities Grants For information on grants and provides lodging, food, and authorized under the Land and Water transportation services in many areas. Conservation Fund, contact the The National Park Service also National Park Service, 1849 C Street administers the following programs: NW., Washington, DC 20240. Phone, the State portion of the Land and Water 202–354–6900. For information on 228 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL grants authorized under the Historic 2011 (Stock No. 024–005–01290–7) and Preservation Fund, contact the National The National Parks: Index 2009–2011 Park Service, 1849 C Street NW., (Stock No. 024–005–01269–9). Contact Washington, DC 20240. Phone, 202– the Consumer Information Center, 354–2067. Pueblo, CO 81009, for additional Publications National Park publications that are available for Service items are available from purchase. For general park and camping the Superintendent of Documents, information, visit http://www.nps.gov, or Government Printing Office, Washington, write to the National Park Service, Office DC 20401. Phone, 202–512–1800. of Communications 1849 C Street NW., Items that may be purchased include the Washington, DC 20240. Internet, http:// National Park System Map and Guide www.nps.gov/aboutus/publications.htm. For further information, contact the Office of Communications, National Park Service, Department of the Interior, Washington, DC 20240. Phone, 202–208–6843. Internet, http://www.nps.gov.

Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement Department of the Interior, Washington, DC 20240 Phone, 202–208–2565. TDD, 202–208–2694. Internet, http://www.osmre.gov.

Director Joseph Pizarchik

The Office of Surface Mining approval of new State program Reclamation and Enforcement (OSMRE) submissions. Other activities include: was established in the Department of the managing the collection, disbursement, Interior by the Surface Mining Control and accounting for abandoned-mine and Reclamation Act of 1977 (30 U.S.C. land reclamation fees; administering 1211). civil penalties programs; establishing The Office’s primary goal is to technical standards and regulatory policy assist States and tribes in operating a for reclamation and enforcement efforts; nationwide program that protects society providing guidance for environmental and the environment from the adverse considerations, research, training, and effects of coal mining, while ensuring technology transfer for State, tribal, and that surface coal mining can be done Federal regulatory and abandoned- without permanent damage to land and mine land reclamation programs; and water resources. With most coal mining monitoring and evaluating State and States responsible for regulating coal tribal regulatory programs, cooperative mining and reclamation activities within agreements, and abandoned-mine land their borders, OSM’s main objectives are reclamation programs. to oversee State mining regulatory and abandoned-mine reclamation programs, Sources of Information assist States in meeting the objectives of Contracts Contact the Procurement surface mining law, and regulate mining Branch, Office of Surface Mining and reclamation activities on Federal and Reclamation and Enforcement, Indian lands, and in those States choosing Department of the Interior, 1951 not to assume primary responsibility. Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, The Office establishes national policy DC 20240. Phone, 202–208–2902. TDD, for the surface mining control and 202–208–2737. reclamation program provided for in Employment Information on career surface mining law, reviews and approves opportunities at OSMRE is available amendments to previously approved State online. Internet, http://www.osmre.gov/ programs, and reviews and recommends employment/Jobs.shtm. Department of the Interior 229

For further information, contact the Office of Communications, Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement, Department of the Interior, Washington, DC 20240. Phone, 202–208–2565. TDD, 202–208– 2694. Internet, http://www.osmre.gov.

United States Fish and Wildlife Service Department of the Interior, Washington, DC 20240 Phone, 703–358–4545. Internet, http://www.fws.gov.

Director Daniel M. Ashe [For the United States Fish and Wildlife Service statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 50, Subchapter A, Part 2]

The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is the which collect excise taxes on fishing principal Federal agency dedicated to fish and hunting equipment and distribute and wildlife conservation. The Service’s the revenues to State fish and wildlife history spans more than 140 years, dating agencies. from the establishment of its predecessor The Service is responsible for agency, the Bureau of Fisheries, in improving and maintaining fish and 1871. First created as an independent wildlife resources by proper management agency, the Bureau of Fisheries was later of wildlife and habitat. It also helps meet placed in the Department of Commerce. public demand for wildlife dependent A second predecessor agency, the recreational opportunities by maintaining Bureau of Biological Survey, was its public lands and restoring native established in 1885 in the Department populations of fish and wildlife. of Agriculture. In 1939, the two Bureaus Specific wildlife and fishery and their functions were transferred to resource programs provide wildlife the Department of the Interior. In 1940, refuge management for public lands, they were consolidated into one agency including population control, migration and redesignated the Fish and Wildlife and harvest surveys, and law and Service by Reorganization Plan No. 3 (5 gaming enforcement for migratory and U.S.C. app.). nonmigratory birds and mammals. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Various programs also monitor hatchery works with others to fulfill its mission: production, stocking, and fishery conservation, protection, and management and provide technical enhancement of fish, wildlife, and their assistance for coastal anadromous, Great habitats for the continuing benefit of the Lakes (in cooperation with Canada), and American people. The Service manages other inland fisheries. the 150-million-acre National Wildlife The Service provides leadership in Refuge System, which comprises 562 identifying, protecting, and restoring refuges and 38 wetland management endangered species of fish, wildlife, and districts. It also operates 72 national plants. This program develops the Federal fish hatcheries, a historic national fish Endangered and Threatened Species hatchery, 65 fishery resource offices, and List, conducts status surveys, prepares 81 ecological service field stations. The recovery plans, and coordinates national Service enforces Federal wildlife laws, and international efforts to operate administers the Endangered Species Act, wildlife refuges. manages migratory bird populations, In the area of resource management, restores nationally significant fisheries, the Service provides leadership for the conserves and restores wildlife habitat protection and improvement of land and such as wetlands, and assists foreign water environments (habitat preservation) governments with their conservation that directly benefit the living natural efforts. It also oversees the Sport Fish resources and add quality to human life. and Wildlife Restoration Programs, The Service administers grant programs 230 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL benefiting imperiled species, provides Wildlife Service’s Web site. Internet, technical and financial assistance to http://www.fws.gov/. private landowners for habitat restoration, Employment For information regarding completes environmental impact employment opportunities with the U.S. assessments and reviews of potential Fish and Wildlife Service, contact the threats, manages Coastal Barrier Resource regional office in the area where you System mapping, monitors potential seek employment or the Headquarters contaminants in wildlife, and studies fish Human Capital Office. Phone, 703– and wildlife population trends. 358–1743. Internet, http://www.fws.gov/ Public use and information programs humancapital/. include preparing informational Import/Export Permits To obtain brochures and maintaining public CITES permits for importing and Web sites; coordinating environmental exporting wildlife, contact the Office of studies on Service lands; operating Management Authority. Phone, 800–358– visitor centers, self-guided nature trails, 2104, or 703–358–2104. Internet, http:// observation towers, and display ponds; www.fws.gov/international/permits/do-i- and providing recreational activities need-a-permit.html. such as hunting, fishing, and wildlife Law Enforcement To obtain information photography. about the enforcement of wildlife The Service’s Wildlife and Sport Fish laws or to report an infraction of those Restoration Program apportions funds laws, contact the nearest regional law for projects designed to conserve and enforcement office or the Division of Law enhance the Nation’s fish and wildlife Enforcement. Phone, 703–358–1949. resources. The funds for the projects are National Wildlife Refuges For general generated from excise taxes on sporting information about the National Wildlife arms and fishing equipment. Refuge System, as well as information A complete list of the Service’s regional about specific refuges, contact the nearest offices is available online at www.fws. national wildlife refuge, the nearest gov/. regional refuge office, or the Division of Visitor Services. Phone, 703–358–2029. Sources of Information News Media Inquiries Specific Inquiries on the following subjects should information on the U.S. Fish and Wildlife be directed to the specified office, U.S. Service and its activities is available from Fish and Wildlife Service, Department the public affairs officer in each of the of the Interior, 1849 C Street NW., Service’s regional offices or the Division Washington, DC 20240. of Public Affairs. Phone, 703–358–2220. Congressional/Legislative Services ​ Publications The U.S. Fish and Congressional staffers and persons Wildlife Service has publications seeking information about specific available on subjects ranging from the legislation should call the Division of National Wildlife Refuge System to Congressional and Legislative Affairs. endangered species. Some publications Phone, 703–358–2240. are available only as sales items from Contracts Contact any of the regional the Superintendent of Documents, offices or the Washington, DC, Government Printing Office, Washington, headquarters Division of Contracting and D.C. 20402. Further information is Facilities Management. Phone, 703–358– available from the Publications Unit, U.S. 1901. Fish and Wildlife Service, 4501 N. Fairfax Electronic Access To access a range Drive, MS 3103, Arlington, VA 22203. of information online, visit the Fish and Phone, 703–358–2196. Internet, http:// www.fws.gov/news/. For further information, contact the Office of Public Affairs, Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior, Washington, DC 20240. Phone, 703–358–2220. Internet, http://www.fws.gov. Department of the Interior 231 United States Geological Survey 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Reston, VA 20192 Phone, 703–648–4000. Internet, http://www.usgs.gov. Email, [email protected].

Director Suzette Kimball, Acting

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) was 400 science centers across the United established by the Organic Act of March States, who work on locally, regionally, 3, 1879 (43 U.S.C. 31). Since March and nationally scaled studies, research 3, 1879, the U.S. Geological Survey projects, and sampling and monitoring (USGS) has provided the United States sites. with science information needed to make important land use and resource Sources of Information management policy decisions. USGS Information on real-time The USGS is the Earth and natural hazards and USGS science programs, science research bureau for the publications, news releases, policies, and Department of the Interior and the only FAQ’s is available online. Explore USGS integrated natural resources research topics of interest; find out what science agency in the Federal Government. is being conducted in your local area; USGS research and data support and learn how to be a citizen scientist. the Department’s resource and land Internet, http://www.usgs.gov. management information needs and Contracts, Grants, and Cooperative also provide the climate, natural Agreements Information on contracts, hazards, water, biological, energy, and grants, and cooperative agreements is mineral resources information needed available online. It also may be obtained by other Federal, State, tribal, and local from the USGS Office of Acquisition government agencies to guide planning, and Grants, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, management, and regulatory programs. National Center, MS–205G, Reston, VA Emergency response organizations, 20192. Phone, 703–648–7376. Internet, natural resource managers, land use http://www.usgs.gov/contracts/. planners, and other customers use this Employment Career information is information to protect lives and property, available online. It is also available from address environmental health issues, and USGS Headquarters Human Resources promote public prosperity for the future Office, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Mail well-being of our country. Stop 601, Reston, VA 20192 (phone, The USGS conducts research, 703–648–7405); USGS Atlantic Human monitoring, and assessments to Resources Office, 12201 Sunrise Valley contribute to understanding America’s Drive, Mail Stop 601, Reston, VA 20192 lands, water, and biological resources. (phone, 703–648–7470); and USGS The USGS provides information to the Pacific Human Resources Office, 3020 citizens of the country and to the global East State University Drive, Suite 2001, community in the form of maps, data, Sacramento, CA 95819 (phone, 916– and reports containing analyses and 278–9394). Internet, http://www.usgs. interpretations of water, energy, mineral, gov/ohr/. and biological resources; land surfaces; Communications For news media marine environments; geologic structures; and congressional inquiries, arranging natural hazards; and dynamic processes interviews, and obtaining news releases of the Earth. USGS data and information and other informational products on are used daily by managers, planners, programs and activities, visit the USGS and citizens to understand, respond to, Newsroom online. The same information and plan for changes in the environment. is also available from the Office of With more than 130 years of data and Communications and Publishing at USGS experience, USGS employs 8,000 science Headquarters, Office of Communications and science-support staff, in more than and Publishing, National Center, MS–119, 232 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Reston, VA 20192 (phone, 703–648– 8747). Internet, http://www.usgs.gov/ 4460); USGS Office of Communications water/. and Publishing, Eastern States Office, Natural Hazards Information on the National Center, Mail Stop 119, Reston, programs and activities of the natural VA 20192 (phone, 703–648–4356). hazards mission, including information Internet, http://www.usgs.gov/newsroom/ on earthquakes, volcanoes, and contacts.asp. landslides, is available online. Internet, General Inquiries For general inquiries, http://www.usgs.gov/natural_hazards/. contact the USGS at 888–ASK–USGS Maps, Imagery, and Publications Maps, (888–275–8747) or use the link below aerial photographs, and other USGS to visit the Web site. Internet, http://ask. data sets and publications are accessible usgs.gov/. online and may be purchased. Internet, Reports and Maps The USGS http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod/. Publications Warehouse (pubs.usgs. Social Media Visit USGS on Facebook, gov) is a searchable online resource Twitter, YouTube, and Flickr, and providing free access to more than subscribe to our podcast series or 58,000 reports, maps, and other USGS RSS and data feeds by using the link products. The USGS Store (store.usgs.gov) below. Internet, http://www.usgs.gov/ is a searchable, online catalog that allows socialmedia/. the user to browse and purchase USGS Libraries Reports, maps, publications, reports, books, maps, data, educational and a variety of Earth and biological products, pamphlets, posters, fact sheets, information resources and historical and DVDs. documents are available through the Water Data Reliable, impartial, and USGS library system. A catalog search timely information on the Nation’s water and information on library locations and resources is available online and by directions are available online. Internet, phone at 888–ASK–USGS (888–275– http://library.usgs.gov/. For additional information, contact the U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Reston, VA 20192. Phone, 703–648–4000. Email, [email protected]. Internet, http://www.usgs.gov/ ask/. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 950 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20530 Phone, 202–514–2000. Internet, http://www.justice.gov.

Attorney General Eric H. Holder, Jr. Deputy Attorney General James M. Cole Associate Attorney General Tony West Solicitor General Donald B. Verrilli, Jr. Inspector General Michael E. Horowitz Assistant Attorney General, Office of Legal Karl Remón Thompson, Acting Counsel Assistant Attorney General for Administration, Lee J. Lofthus Justice Management Division Assistant Attorney General, Antitrust Division William J. Baer Assistant Attorney General, Civil Division Stuart F. Delery Assistant Attorney General, Civil Rights Jocelyn Samuels, Acting Division Assistant Attorney General, Criminal Division Leslie Ragon Caldwell Assistant Attorney General, National Security John P. Carlin Division Assistant Attorney General, Environment and Robert G. Dreher, Acting Natural Resources Division Assistant Attorney General, Tax Division Kathryn Keneally Director, Office of Public Affairs Brian Fallon Director, Office of Information Policy Melanie Ann Pustay Director, Office of Tribal Justice Tracy Toulou Director, Executive Office for U.S. Attorneys Monty Wilkinson Director, Executive Office for U.S. Trustees Clifford J. White, III Director, Community Relations Service Grande H. Lum Counsel, Office of Professional Responsibility Robin C. Ashton Director, Professional Responsibility Advisory Jerri U. Dunston Office Pardon Attorney Ronald L. Rodgers Associate Deputy Attorney General and James H. Dinan Director, Executive Office for Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Forces [For the Department of Justice statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 28, Chapter I, Part 0]

The Department of Justice serves as counsel for the citizens of the United States and represents them by enforcing the law in the public interest. It fills a key role in deterring criminality and subversion, ensuring healthy business competition, safeguarding consumers, and enforcing drug, immigration, and naturalization laws.

The Department of Justice was are generally directed by the Attorney established by act of June 22, 1870 (28 General. U.S.C. 501, 503, 509 note), with the Attorney General The Attorney General Attorney General as its head. The affairs represents the United States in legal and activities of the Department of Justice matters generally and gives advice and 233 234 DRUG AROLE S TATES UNITED P PARDON OFFICE OF ATTORNEY CRIME COMMISSION TASK FORCES ENFORCEMENT FOR ORGANIZED OFFICE OF THE PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY EXECUTIVE OFFICE OFFICE ADVISORY PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY THE REVIEW DIVISION JUSTICE DIVISION SECURITY GENERAL NATIONAL EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF INSPECTOR OFFICE FOR IMMIGRATION MANAGEMENT UNITED S TATES DIVISION SERVICE INTERPOL CRIMINAL PRISONS MARSHALS BUREAU OF WASHINGTON TOBACCO, ALCOHOL, BUREAU OF EXPLOSIVES FIREARMS, AND DRUG UNITED S TATES TTORNEYS FEDERAL EXECUTIVE A OFFICE FOR BUREAU OF ATTORNEYS ENFORCEMENT INVESTIGATION UNITED STATES ADMINISTRATION LEGAL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COUNSEL OFFICE OF OFFICE OF OF

TRIBAL INTER- JUSTICE LIAISON OFFICE OFFICE OF AND PUBLIC DEPUTY GOVERNMENTAL LEGAL POLICY AFFAIRS ATTORNEY GENERAL OFFICE OF TTORNEY GENERAL OFFICE OF LEGISLATIVE A DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE CIVIL DIVISION SERVICE DIVISION RELATIONS RESOURCES COMMUNITY AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT TAX CIVIL RIGHTS DIVISION DIVISION DIVISION ANTITRUST GENERAL ATTORNEY ASSOCIATE CLAIMS POLICING FOREIGN SERVICES ORIENTED OFFICE OF COMMUNITY AND PRIVACY COMMISSION INFORMATION SETTLEMENT STATES THE WOMEN GENERAL AGAINST JUSTICE TRUSTEES OFFICE OF SOLICITOR VIOLENCE OFFICE ON OFFICE OF EXECUTIVE OFFICE FOR PROGRAMS GENERAL UNITED SOLICITOR Department of Justice 235 opinions to the President and to the appeal in all cases it loses before the heads of the executive departments of lower courts. the Government when so requested. The For further information, contact the Executive Attorney General appears in person to Officer, Office of the Solicitor General, Room 5142, represent the Government before the U.S. 950 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., RFK Justice Building Supreme Court in cases of exceptional (Main), Washington, DC 20530–0001. Internet, http://www.justice.gov/osg. gravity or importance. Community Relations Service The U.S. Attorneys The Executive Office Service offers assistance to communities for U.S. Attorneys was created on April in resolving disputes relating to race, 6, 1953, to provide liaison between the color, or national origin and facilitates Department of Justice in Washington, the development of viable agreements DC, and the U.S. attorneys. Its mission is as alternatives to coercion, violence, to provide general executive assistance or litigation. It also assists and supports to the 94 offices of the U.S. attorneys and communities in developing local to coordinate the relationship between mechanisms as proactive measures to the U.S. attorneys and the organization prevent or reduce racial/ethnic tensions. components of the Department of Justice For a complete list of Community and other Federal agencies. Relations Service Regional Offices, visit For further information, contact the Executive Office www.justice.gov/crs/map.htm. for U.S. Attorneys, Department of Justice, Room 2261, 950 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, For further information, contact any regional office DC 20530. Phone, 202–514–1020. Internet, http:// or the Director, Community Relations Service, www.justice.gov/usao/eousa/. Department of Justice, Suite 2000, 600 E Street NW., Washington, DC 20530. Phone, 202–305– U.S. Trustee Program The Program was 2935. Internet, http://www.justice.gov/crs. established by the Bankruptcy Reform Pardon Attorney The Office of the Act of 1978 (11 U.S.C. 101 et seq.) as a Pardon Attorney assists the President in pilot effort in 10 regions encompassing the exercise of his pardon power under 18 Federal judicial districts to promote the Constitution. Generally, all requests the efficiency and protect the integrity of for pardon or other forms of executive the bankruptcy system by identifying and clemency, including commutation of helping to investigate bankruptcy fraud sentences, are directed to the Pardon and abuse. It now operates nationwide Attorney for investigation and review. except in Alabama and North Carolina. The Pardon Attorney prepares the The Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Department’s recommendation to the Consumer Protection Act of 2005 (11 President for final disposition of each U.S.C. 101 note) significantly expanded application. the Program’s responsibilities and For further information, contact the Office of the provided additional tools to combat Pardon Attorney, Department of Justice, Suite bankruptcy fraud and abuse. The 11000, 1425 New York Avenue NW., Washington, Executive Office for U.S. Trustees DC 20530. Phone, 202–616–6070. Internet, http:// provides day-to-day policy and legal www.justice.gov/pardon. direction, coordination, and control. Solicitor General The Office of For further information, contact the Executive the Solicitor General represents the Office for U.S. Trustees, Department of Justice, Suite U.S. Government in cases before the 6150, 441 G. Street, NW., Washington, DC 20530. Supreme Court. It decides what cases Phone, 202–307–1391. Internet, http://www.justice. gov/ust/. the Government should ask the Supreme Court to review and what position Divisions the Government should take in cases before the Court. It also supervises the Antitrust Division The Assistant preparation of the Government’s Supreme Attorney General in charge of the Court briefs and other legal documents Antitrust Division is responsible for and the conduct of the oral arguments promoting and maintaining competitive in the Court. The Solicitor General also markets by enforcing the Federal antitrust decides whether the United States should laws. This involves investigating possible 236 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL antitrust violations, conducting grand Federal programs and actions. Each year, jury proceedings, reviewing proposed Division attorneys handle thousands of mergers and acquisitions, preparing cases that collectively involve billions of and trying antitrust cases, prosecuting dollars in claims and recoveries. appeals, and negotiating and enforcing The Division litigates cases in the final judgments. The Division prosecutes following areas: serious and willful violations of antitrust Commercial litigation, litigation laws by filing criminal suits that can associated with the Government’s lead to large fines and jail sentences. diverse financial involvements Where criminal prosecution is not including all monetary suits involving appropriate, the Division seeks a court contracts, express or implied; actions order forbidding future violations of the to foreclose on Government mortgages law and requiring steps by the defendant and liens; bankruptcy and insolvency to remedy the anticompetitive effects of proceedings; suits against guarantors past violations. and sureties; actions involving fraud The Division also is responsible for against the Government, including acting as an advocate of competition false or fraudulent claims for Federal within the Federal Government as well insurance, loans, subsidies, and other as internationally. This involves formal benefits such as Medicare, false or appearances in Federal administrative fraudulent claims for payment under agency proceedings, development Federal contracts, whistleblower suits, of legislative initiatives to promote and Government corruption; patent, deregulation and eliminate unjustifiable copyright, and trademark cases and suits exemptions from the antitrust laws, arising out of construction, procurement, and participation on executive branch service contracts, and claims policy task forces and in multilateral associated with contract terminations; international organizations. The Division claims for just compensation under provides formal advice to other agencies the Fifth Amendment; claims for on the competitive implications of salary or retirement by civilian and proposed transactions requiring Federal military personnel; cases assigned by approval, such as mergers of financial congressional reference or special institutions. legislation; and litigation involving For further information, contact the Office of the interests of the United States in any Assistant Attorney General, Antitrust Division, foreign court, whether civil or criminal in Department of Justice, 950 Pennsylvania Avenue nature. NW., Washington, DC 20530. Phone, 202–514– Consumer litigation, including civil 2401. Internet, http://www.justice.gov/atr. and criminal litigation and related Civil Division The Civil Division matters arising under various consumer represents the United States, its protection and public health statutes. departments and agencies, Members Federal programs, including of Congress, Cabinet officers, and constitutional challenges to statutes, other Federal employees. Its litigation suits to overturn Government policies reflects the diversity of Government and programs, challenges to the legality activities involving, for example, the of Government decisions, allegations defense of challenges to Presidential that the President has violated the actions; national security issues; benefit Constitution or Federal law, suits to programs; energy policies; commercial enforce regulatory statutes and to issues such as contract disputes, banking, remedy or prevent statutory or regulatory insurance, fraud, and debt collection; all violations. manner of accident and liability claims; The areas of litigation include: and violations of the immigration and Suits against the heads of Federal consumer protection laws. The Division departments and agencies and other confronts significant policy issues, which Government officials to enjoin official often rise to constitutional dimensions, actions, as well as suits for judicial in defending and enforcing various review of administrative decisions, Department of Justice 237 orders, and regulations; suits involving Phone, 202–514–3301. Internet, http://www.justice. national security, including suits to gov/civil. protect sensitive intelligence sources and Civil Rights Division The Civil Rights materials; suits to prevent interference Division, headed by an Assistant Attorney with Government operations; litigation General, was established in 1957 to concerning the constitutionality secure effective Federal enforcement of of Federal laws; and suits raising civil rights. The Division is the primary employment discrimination claims and institution within the Federal Government Government personnel issues. responsible for enforcing Federal statutes Immigration litigation, involving civil prohibiting discrimination on the basis of litigation under the Immigration and race, sex, disability, religion, citizenship, Nationality Act and related laws; district and national origin. The Division has court litigation, habeas corpus review responsibilities in the following areas: and general advice; petitions for removal Coordination and review of various order review and immigration-related civil rights statutes that prohibit appellate matters; cases pertaining to discrimination on the basis of race, the issuance of visas and passports; and color, national origin, sex, and religion litigation arising under the legalization in programs and activities that receive and employer sanction provisions of the Federal financial assistance by Federal immigration laws. agencies. Torts, including the broad range of tort Criminal cases involving conspiracies litigation arising from the operation of to interfere with federally protected the Federal Government, constitutional rights; deprivation of rights under color tort claims against Federal Government of law; the use of force or threat of force officials throughout the Government, to injure or intimidate someone in their aviation disasters, environmental and enjoyment of specific rights (such as occupational disease, and radiation and voting, housing, employment, education, toxic substance exposure. It defends public facilities, and accommodations); petitions filed pursuant to the Vaccine interference with the free exercise of Injury Compensation Program and religious beliefs or damage to religious is responsible for administering the property; the holding of a worker in Radiation Exposure Compensation a condition of slavery or involuntary Program. It also handles maritime servitude; and interference with persons litigation and suits that seek personal seeking to obtain or provide reproductive monetary judgments against individual services. officers or employees. Disability rights cases, achieving equal Appellate, having primary opportunity for people with disabilities responsibility for the litigation of Civil in the United States by implementing Division cases in the courts of appeal, the Americans with Disabilities Act and on occasion, State appeal courts. (ADA). ADA mandates are carried out The Appellate Staff prepares Government through enforcement, certification, briefs and presents oral arguments regulatory, coordination, and technical for these cases. Additionally, the assistance activities, combined with an Appellate Staff works with the Solicitor innovative mediation program and a General’s office to prepare documents technical assistance grant program. The filed for these cases in the Supreme Division also carries out responsibilities Court, including briefs on the merits, under sections 504 and 508 of the petitions for certiorari, and jurisdictional Rehabilitation Act, the Help America statements. The Appellate Staff also works Vote Act of 2002, the Small Business with the Solicitor General’s office to Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act, and obtain authorization for appellate review. Executive Order 12250. For further information, contact the Office of Educational opportunities litigation, the Assistant Attorney General, Civil Division, involving title IV of the Civil Rights Department of Justice, Tenth Street and Act of 1964, the Equal Educational Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20530. Opportunities Act of 1974, and title III of 238 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL the Americans with Disabilities Act. In eligibility verification process, and addition, the Division is responsible for retaliation. enforcing other statutes such as title VI of Special litigation protecting the the Civil Rights Act of 1964, title IX of the constitutional and statutory rights of Education Amendments of 1972, section persons confined in certain institutions 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, owned or operated by State or local title II of the Americans with Disabilities governments, including facilities Act, and the Individuals with Disabilities for individuals with mental and Education Act upon referral from other developmental disabilities, nursing governmental agencies. homes, prisons, jails, and juvenile Employment litigation enforcing detention facilities where a pattern against State and local government or practice of violations exist; civil employers the provisions of title VII of enforcement of statutes prohibiting a the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended, pattern or practice of conduct by law and other Federal laws prohibiting enforcement agencies that violates employment practices that discriminate Federal law; and protection against a on grounds of race, sex, religion, threat of force and physical obstruction and national origin. The Division that injures, intimidates, or interferes also enforces against State and local with a person seeking to obtain or government and private employers the provide reproductive health services, or provisions of the Uniformed Services to exercise the first amendment right of Employment and Reemployment Rights religious freedom at a place of worship. Act of 1994, which prohibits employers Voting cases enforcing the Voting from discriminating or retaliating Rights Act, the Help America Vote Act of against an employee or applicant for 2002, the National Voter Registration Act, employment because of such person’s the Voting Accessibility for the Elderly past, current, or future military obligation. and Handicapped Act, the Uniformed Housing and Civil Enforcement statutes and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting enforcing the Fair Housing Act, which Act, and other Federal statutes designed prohibits discrimination in housing; the to safeguard citizens’ rights to vote. This Equal Credit Opportunity Act, which includes racial and language minorities, prohibits discrimination in credit; title illiterate persons, individuals with II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which disabilities, overseas citizens, persons prohibits discrimination in certain who change their residence shortly places of public accommodation, such before a Presidential election, and as hotels, restaurants, nightclubs and persons 18 to 20 years of age. theaters; title III of the Civil Rights Act For further information, contact the Executive of 1964, which prohibits discrimination Officer, Civil Rights Division, Department of Justice, in public facilities; and the Religious 950 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC Land Use and Institutionalized Persons 20035. Phone, 202–514–4224. Internet, http://www. Act, which prohibits local governments justice.gov/crt. from adopting or enforcing land use Criminal Division The Criminal regulations that discriminate against Division develops, enforces, and religious assemblies and institutions or supervises the application of all Federal which unjustifiably burden religious criminal laws, except those specifically exercise. assigned to other divisions. In addition Immigration-related unfair employment to its direct litigation responsibilities, practices enforcing the antidiscrimination the Division formulates and implements provisions of the Immigration and criminal enforcement policy and Nationality Act, which protect U.S. provides advice and assistance, including citizens and legal immigrants from representing the United States before employment discrimination based upon the United States Courts of Appeal. The citizenship or immigration status and Division engages in and coordinates a national origin, unfair documentary wide range of criminal investigations practices relating to the employment and prosecutions, such as those targeting Department of Justice 239 individuals and organizations that and developing policy and legislative engage in international and national proposals related to these issues. drug trafficking and money laundering Computer and intellectual property systems or organizations and organized crimes, including cyber attacks on critical crime groups. The Division also approves information systems (cyberterrorism); or monitors sensitive areas of law strengthening, domestic and international enforcement such as participation in laws prosecute computer crimes; and the Witness Security Program and the directing multidistrict and transnational use of electronic surveillance; advises cyber investigations and prosecutions. the Attorney General, Congress, the Enforcement, including the review Office of Management and Budget, of all Federal electronic surveillance and the White House on matters of requests and requests to apply for criminal law; provides legal advice, court orders permitting the use video assistance, and training to Federal, State, surveillance; authorizing or denying and local prosecutors and investigative the entry of applicants into the Federal agencies; provides leadership for Witness Security Program (WSP) and coordinating international and national coordinating and administering its law enforcement matters; and provides program components; reviewing requests training and development assistance to for witness immunity ; transfer of foreign criminal justice systems. Areas of prisoners to and from foreign countries responsibility include the following: to serve the remainder of their prison Asset forfeiture and money laundering, sentences; attorney and press subpoenas; including the prosecution of complex, applications for S-visa status; and sensitive, multidistrict, and international disclosure of grand jury information. cases; formulating policy and conducting Fraud, including the investigation training in the money laundering and and prosecution of white-collar crimes forfeiture areas; developing legislation (corporate, securities, and investment and regulations; ensuring the uniform fraud), government program and application of forfeiture and money procurement fraud, and international laundering statutes; participating in criminal violations including the bribery bilateral and multilateral initiatives to of foreign government officials in develop international forfeiture and violation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices money laundering policy and promote Act. international cooperation; adjudicating International affairs, including making petitions for remission or mitigation of requests for international extradition forfeited assets; distributing forfeited and foreign evidence on behalf of funds and properties to appropriate Federal, State, and local prosecutors and domestic and foreign law enforcement investigators, fulfilling foreign requests for agencies and community groups within fugitives and evidence, and negotiating the United States; and ensuring that such and implementing law enforcement agencies comply with proper usage of treaties. received funds. Narcotics and dangerous drugs, Child exploitation and obscenity, including domestic and international including the prosecution of sexual drug trafficking and narco-terrorism; predators, sex trafficking of children, U.S. enforcing laws that criminalize citizens and resident aliens who travel the extraterritorial manufacture or abroad to sexually abuse foreign children distribution of certain controlled (sex tourism), and the enforcement substances; prosecuting drug traffickers of sex offender registration laws; who support a person or organization providing forensic assistance to Federal that engages in terrorist activity; and prosecutors and law enforcement agents providing targeted intelligence support in investigating and prosecuting child to the DEA and other law enforcement exploitation: coordinating nationwide agencies worldwide. operations targeting child predators; Organized crime, including combining the resources and expertise of several 240 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Federal agencies in cooperation with United States Attorneys’ Offices for the Tax Division, U.S. attorneys offices, the rapid transmission of information and State and local law enforcement to on terrorism threats and investigative identify, disrupt, and dismantle major activity; providing and serving as trusted drug supply and money laundering liaisons to the intelligence, defense, organizations through coordinated, and immigration communities as well nationwide investigations targeting the as to foreign government partners on entire infrastructure of these enterprises. counterterrorism issues and cases. Assistance to foreign law enforcement For further information, contact the Office institutions, including the creation of of the Assistant Attorney General, Criminal new and reforming existing police forces Division, Department of Justice, Tenth Street and in other countries and international Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20530. Phone, 202–514–2601. Internet, http://www.justice. peacekeeping operations; enhancing gov/criminal. the capabilities of existing police forces in emerging democracies; and assisting Environment and Natural Resources nations that are combating terrorism. Division The Environment and Natural Overseas prosecutorial development, Resources Division is the Nation’s assistance, and training for prosecutors environmental lawyer. The Division’s and judicial personnel in other countries responsibilities include enforcing to develop and sustain democratic civil and criminal environmental criminal justice institutions. laws that protect America’s health Policy and legislation, developing and environment. It also defends legislative proposals and reviewing environmental challenges to Government pending legislation affecting the Federal activities and programs and ensures that criminal justice system; reviewing and environmental laws are implemented in developing proposed changes to the a fair and consistent manner nationwide. Federal sentencing guidelines and rules; It also represents the United States in all and analyzing crime policy and program matters concerning the protection, use, issues. and development of the Nation’s natural Public integrity efforts to combat resources and public lands, wildlife corruption of elected and appointed protection, Indian rights and claims, and public officials at all levels of the acquisition of Federal property. To government. carry out this broad mission, the Division Human rights and special prosecutions, litigates in the following areas: investigating and prosecuting human Environmental crimes, prosecuting rights violations, international violent individuals and corporate entities crime, immigration violations, and war violating laws designed to protect the crimes. environment. Appellate work, including drafting Civil environmental enforcement, on briefs and certiorari petitions for behalf of EPA; claims for damages to the Solicitor General for filing in natural resources filed on behalf of the the U.S. Supreme Court; making Departments of the Interior, Commerce, recommendations to the Solicitor General and Agriculture; claims for contribution as to whether further review is warranted against private parties for contamination on adverse decisions in the district courts of public land; and recoupment of money and courts of appeals; and preparing spent to clean up certain oil spills on briefs and arguing cases in the courts of behalf of the U.S. Coast Guard. appeals. Environmental defense, representing Counterterrorism, including in the United States in suits challenging the conjunction with the National Security Government’s administration of Federal Division, investigating and prosecuting environmental laws including claims terrorist financing and material support that regulations are too strict or lenient cases; establishing and maintaining and claims alleging that Federal agencies an essential communication network are not complying with environmental between the Department of Justice and standards. Department of Justice 241 Wildlife and marine resources intelligence oversight responsibilities as protection, including prosecution of follows: to promote and oversee national smugglers and black-market dealers in counterterrorism enforcement programs; protected wildlife. develop and implement counterterrorism Use and protection of federally owned strategies, legislation, and initiatives; public lands and natural resources across facilitate information sharing between a broad spectrum of laws. and among the Department and other Indian resources protection, including Federal agencies on terrorism threats; establishing water rights, establishing share information with international and protecting hunting and fishing rights, law enforcement officials to assist with collecting damages for trespass on Indian international threat information and lands, and establishing reservation litigation initiatives; liaison with the boundaries and rights to land. intelligence, defense, and immigration Land acquisition for use by the Federal communities and foreign governments Government for purposes ranging from on counterterrorism issues and cases; establishing public parks to building supervise the investigation and Federal courthouses. prosecution of cases involving national For further information, contact the Office of security, foreign relations, the export the Assistant Attorney General, Environment of military and strategic commodities and Natural Resources Division, Department of and technology, espionage, sabotage, Justice, Tenth Street and Pennsylvania Avenue NW., neutrality, and atomic energy; coordinate Washington, DC 20530. Phone, 202–514–2701. Internet, http://justice.gov/enrd/. cases involving the application for the Classified Information Procedures Act; National Security Division The enforce the Foreign Agents Registration National Security Division (NSD) Act of 1938 and related disclosure laws; develops, enforces, and supervises the supervise the preparation of certifications application of all Federal criminal laws and applications for orders under the related to the national counterterrorism Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act and counterespionage enforcement (FISA); represent the United States before programs, except those specifically the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance assigned to other divisions. NSD Court; participate in the development, litigates and coordinates a wide range of implementation, and review of United prosecutions and criminal investigations States intelligence policies; evaluate involving terrorism and violations of the existing and proposed national security- espionage, export control, and foreign related activities to determine their agents registration laws. It administers consistency with relevant policies the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act and law; monitor intelligence and and other legal authorities for national counterintelligence activities of other security activities; approves and monitors agencies to ensure conformity with the use of electronic surveillance; Department objectives; prepare reports provides legal and policy advice evaluating domestic and foreign regarding the classification of and access intelligence and counterintelligence to national security information; performs activities; and process requests to use prepublication review of materials written FISA-derived information in criminal, by present and former DOJ employees; civil, and immigration proceedings and trains the law enforcement and to disseminate that information to foreign intelligence communities; and advises the governments. Department and legislative and executive For further information, contact the Office of the branches on all areas of national security Assistant Attorney General, National Security law. NSD also serves as the Department’s Division, Department of Justice, Tenth Street and representative on interdepartmental Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20530. boards, committees, and entities dealing Phone, 202–514–5600. Internet, http://www.justice. gov/nsd with issues related to national security. NSD also has some additional Tax Division Tax Division ensures the counterterrorism, counterespionage, and uniform and fair enforcement of Federal 242 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL tax laws in Federal and State courts. The Division also collects judgments The Division conducts enforcement in tax cases. To this end, the Division activities to deter specific taxpayers, as directs collection efforts and coordinates well as the taxpaying public at large, with, monitors the efforts of, and provides from conduct that deprives the Federal assistance to the various U.S. attorneys’ Government of its tax-related revenue. offices in collecting outstanding It represents the United States and its judgments in tax cases.The Division also officers in all civil and criminal litigation works with the Internal Revenue Service, arising under the internal revenue laws, U.S. attorneys, and other Government other than proceedings in the U.S. Tax agencies on policy and legislative Court. Tax Division attorneys frequently proposals to enhance tax administration join with assistant U.S. attorneys in and handling tax cases assigned to those prosecuting tax cases. Some criminal offices. tax grand jury investigations and For further information, contact the Office of prosecutions are handled solely by Tax the Assistant Attorney General, Tax Division, Division prosecutors, while others are Department of Justice, Tenth Street and delegated to assistant U.S. attorneys. Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20530. Phone, 202–514–2901. Internet, http://www.justice. Division attorneys evaluate requests gov/tax/. by the Internal Revenue Service or U.S. attorneys to initiate grand jury Sources of Information investigations or prosecutions of tax crimes. Disability-Related Matters Contact The Division handles a wide array the Civil Rights Division’s ADA Hotline. of civil tax litigation, including the Phone, 800–514–0301. TDD, 800–514– following: suits to enjoin the promotion 0383. Internet, http://www.usdoj.gov/crt/ of abusive tax shelters and to enjoin ada/adahom1.htm. activities relating to aiding and abetting Drugs and Crime Clearinghouse Phone, the understatement of tax liabilities of 800–666–3332 (toll free). others; suits to enforce Internal Revenue Electronic Access Information Service administrative summonses that concerning Department of Justice seek information essential to determine programs and activities is available and collect taxpayers’ liabilities, electronically through the Internet at including summonses for records of http://www.justice.gov. corporate tax shelters and offshore Employment For general information transactions; suits brought by the United about employment at the Department States to set aside fraudulent conveyances of Justice, visit http://www.justice.gov/ and to collect assets held by nominees careers/careers.html. and egos; tax refund suits challenging the Attorney and Law Student Employment: Internal Revenue Service’s determination The Office of Attorney Recruitment and of taxpayers’ Federal income, Management (OARM) administers law employment, excise, and estate liabilities; student, entry-level and experienced bankruptcy litigation raising issues of the attorney employment opportunities at validity, dischargeability, and priority of the Department of Justice. Information Federal tax claims, and the feasibility of about employment opportunities for reorganization plans; suits brought by attorneys and law students is available taxpayers challenging determinations at http://www.justice.gov/careers/ made in the collection due process legal/. General information about proceedings before the Internal Revenue OARM can be obtained by calling the Service’s Office of Appeals; and suits information line at (202) 514–3397 or by against the United States for damages for email at [email protected]. Email, the unauthorized disclosure of tax return [email protected]. Internet, http:// information or for damages claimed www.justice.gov/careers/legal/. because of alleged injuries caused by United States Trustee Program: Room Internal Revenue Service employees in 770, 901 E Street NW., Washington, DC the performance of their official duties. 20530. Phone, 202–616–1000. Department of Justice 243 Housing Discrimination Matters ​ Brochure, CRS Hotline Brochure, Police Contact the Civil Rights Division’s Use of Deadly Force: A Conciliation Housing and Civil Enforcement Section. Handbook for Citizens and Police, Phone, 800–896–7743. Principles of Good Policing: Avoiding Immigration-Related Employment Violence Between Police and Citizens, Matters The Civil Rights Division Resolving Racial Conflict: A Guide for maintains a worker hotline. Phone, 800– Municipalities, and Viewpoints and 255–7688. TDD, 800–237–2515. It also Guidelines on Court-Appointed Citizens offers information for employers. Phone, Monitoring Commissions in School 800–255–8155. TDD, 800–362–2735. Desegregation are available upon Publications and Films The Annual request from the Public Information Report of the Attorney General of the Office, Community Relations Service, United States is published each year by Department of Justice, Washington, DC the Department of Justice and is available 20530. at http://www.justice.gov/ag/publications. A limited number of drug educational htm. Internet, http://www.justice.gov. films are available, free of charge, to Textbooks on citizenship consisting of civic, educational, private, and religious teacher manuals and student textbooks groups. at various reading levels are distributed Reading Rooms Reading rooms are free to public schools for applicants located in Washington, DC, at the for citizenship and are on sale to all following locations: others from the Superintendent of Department of Justice, Room 5400, Documents, Government Printing Office, Tenth Street and Constitution Avenue Washington, DC 20402. Public schools NW., Washington, DC 20530. Phone, or organizations under the supervision 202–514–3775. of public schools that are entitled to free Board of Immigration Appeals, Suite textbooks should make their requests 2400, 5107 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, to the appropriate Immigration and VA 22041. Phone, 703–305–0168. Naturalization Service Regional Office. National Institute of Justice, 9th Floor, For general information, call 202–514– 633 Indiana Avenue NW., Washington, 3946. DC 20531. Phone, 202–307–5883. The Freedom of Information Act Internet, http://www.justice.gov. (FOIA) Guide is updated on a rolling Redress for Wartime Relocation/ basis, and the DOJ FOIA Litigation and Internment Contact the Civil Compliance Report is prepared annually, Rights Division’s Office of Redress and both are available at http://www. Administration. Helpline phone, justice.gov. The Privacy Act Overview 202–219–6900. TDD, 202–219–4710. is prepared biannually and is available Internet, http://www.usdoj.gov. from the Superintendent of Documents, Small Business Activities Contract Government Printing Office, Washington, information for small businesses can be DC 20530. It is also available on www. obtained from the Office of Small and justice.gov. Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Guidelines for Effective Human Department of Justice, 2 Constitution Relations Commissions, Annual Square, 145 N Street NE., Washington, Report of the Community Relations DC 20530. Phone, 202–307–1971. Service, Community Relations Service For further information concerning the Department of Justice contact the Office of Public Affairs, Department of Justice, Tenth Street and Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20530. Phone, 202–514– 2007. TDD, 202–786–5731. Internet, http://www.justice.gov. 244 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Bureaus

Federal Bureau of Investigation 935 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20535 Phone, 202–324–3000. Internet, http://www.fbi.gov.

Director James B. Comey

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) The FBI also offers cooperative services is the principal investigative arm of the to local, State, and international law United States Department of Justice. It enforcement agencies. These services is primarily charged with gathering and include fingerprint identification, reporting facts, locating witnesses, and laboratory examination, police compiling evidence in cases involving training, the Law Enforcement Online Federal jurisdiction. It also provides law communication and information enforcement leadership and assistance to service for use by the law enforcement State and international law enforcement community, the National Crime agencies. Information Center, and the National The FBI was established in 1908 by Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime. the Attorney General, who directed that Department of Justice investigations be Sources of Information handled by its own staff. The Bureau is Employment For employment charged with investigating all violations information, contact the Director, of Federal law except those that have Washington, DC 20535, or any of the been assigned by legislative enactment field offices or resident agencies whose or otherwise to another Federal agency. addresses are listed in the front of most Its jurisdiction includes a wide range of local telephone directories. responsibilities in the national security, Publications The FBI Law Enforcement criminal, and civil fields. Priority Bulletin and Uniform Crime Reports— has been assigned to areas such as Crime in the United States are available counterterrorism, counterintelligence, from the Superintendent of Documents, cyber crimes, internationally and Government Printing Office, Washington, nationally organized crime/drug matters, DC 20402. and financial crimes. For further information, contact the Office of Public Affairs, Federal Bureau of Investigation, J. Edgar Hoover FBI Building, 935 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20535. Phone, 202–317–2727. Internet, http:// www.fbi.gov.

Bureau of Prisons 320 First Street NW., Washington, DC 20534 Phone, 202–307–3198. Internet, http://www.bop.gov.

Director Charles E. Samuels, Jr.

The BOP was established in 1930 institutions, and six regional offices. The to provide more progressive and Bureau has its headquarters, also known humane care for Federal inmates, to as Central Office, in Washington, DC. professionalize the prison service, and The Central Office is divided into 10 to ensure consistent and centralized divisions, including the National Institute administration of the 11 Federal prisons of Corrections. in operation at that time. Today, The Correctional Programs Division the Bureau includes more than 100 (CPD) is responsible for inmate Department of Justice 245 classification and programming, and training opportunities for inmates including psychology and religious confined in Federal correctional facilities. services, substance abuse treatment, case Additionally, it is responsible for management, and programs for special oversight of educational, occupational, needs offenders. CPD provides policy and vocational training and leisure-time direction and daily operational oversight programs, as well as those related to of institution security, emergency inmate release preparation. preparedness, intelligence gathering, The National Institute of Corrections inmate discipline, inmate sentence (NIC) provides technical assistance, computations, receiving and discharge, training, and information to State and and inmate transportation, as well as local corrections agencies throughout coordinating international treaty transfers the country, as well as the Bureau. It and overseeing the special security needs also provides research assistance and of inmates placed in the Federal Witness documents through the NIC Information Protection Program. CPD administers Center. contracts and intergovernmental agreements for the confinement of Sources of Information offenders in community-based programs, Employment For employment community corrections centers, and other information, contact the Central Office, facilities including privately managed 320 First Street NW., Washington, DC facilities. CPD staff is also involved in the 20534 (phone, 202–307–3082) or any Bureau’s privatization efforts. regional or field office. The Industries, Education, and Reading Room The reading room is Vocational Training Division oversees located at the Bureau of Prisons, 320 Federal Prison Industries, or UNICOR, First Street NW., Washington, DC 20534. which is a wholly owned Government Phone, 202–307–3029. corporation that provides employment For further information, contact the Public Information Office, Bureau of Prisons, 320 First Street NW., Washington, DC 20534. Phone, 202–514–6551. Internet, http://www.bop.gov.

United States Marshals Service Department of Justice, Washington, DC 20530 Phone, 202–307–9000. Internet, http://www.usmarshals.gov.

Director Stacia Hylton

The United States Marshals Service is the the safety of endangered Government Nation’s oldest Federal law enforcement witnesses; maintaining custody of agency, having served as a vital link and transporting thousands of Federal between the executive and judicial prisoners annually; executing court branches of the Government since 1789. orders and arrest warrants; managing The Marshals Service performs tasks that and selling seized property forfeited to are essential to the operation of virtually the Government by drug traffickers and every aspect of the Federal justice system. other criminals and assisting the Justice The Marshals Service has these Department’s asset forfeiture program; responsibilities: providing support responding to emergency circumstances, and protection for the Federal courts, including civil disturbances, terrorist including security for 800 judicial incidents, and other crisis situations facilities and nearly 2,000 judges and through its Special Operations Group; magistrates, as well as countless other restoring order in riot and mob- trial participants such as jurors and violence situations; providing housing, attorneys; apprehending the majority of transportation, and medical care of Federal fugitives; operating the Federal federal detainees; and operating the U.S. Witness Security Program and ensuring Marshals Service Training Academy. 246 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Sources of Information Branch, United States Marshals Service, Department of Justice, 600 Army Navy Employment For employment Drive, Arlington, VA 22202–4210. information, contact the Field Staffing For further information, contact the Office of Public Affairs, U.S. Marshals Service, Department of Justice, Washington, DC 20530. Phone, 202–307–9065. Internet, http://www.usmarshals.gov.

International Criminal Police Organization—United States National Central Bureau Department of Justice, Washington, DC 20530 Phone, 202–616–9000. Fax, 202–616–8400. Internet, http://www.justice.gov/usncb.

Director Shawn A. Bray

The United States National Central the primary point of contact for police Bureau (USNCB) is the United matters. INTERPOL serves as a channel of States representative to INTERPOL, communication for its member countries the International Criminal Police to cooperate in the investigation and Organization. Also known as prosecution of crime, provides a forum INTERPOL—Washington. INTERPOL for discussions, working group meetings, Washington is a separate component and symposia to enable police to focus under the supervision of the Deputy on specific areas of criminal activity Attorney General and co-managed with affecting their countries, and issues and the Department of Homeland Security. maintains information and databases It provides an essential communications on crime, fugitives, stolen passports link between the U.S. police community and vehicles, missing persons, and and their counterparts in the foreign humanitarian concerns, which are member countries. supplied by and can be used as a source INTERPOL is an association of 190 by its member countries. countries dedicated to promoting mutual INTERPOL Washington has permanent assistance among law enforcement staff and detailed special agents from authorities in the prevention and numerous Federal law enforcement suppression of international crime. With agencies. It is organized into the Alien/ no police force of its own, INTERPOL Fugitive Division, the Counterterrorism has no powers of arrest or search and Division, the Drug Division, the seizure and therefore relies on the law Economic Crimes Division, the Human enforcement authorities of its member Trafficking and Child Protection countries. Each member country is Division, the State and Local Police required to have a national central Liaison Division, and the Violent Crimes bureau, such as the USNCB, to act as Division. For further information, contact the INTERPOL–U.S. National Central Bureau, Department of Justice, Washington, DC 20530. Phone, 202–616–9000. Internet, http://www.justice.gov/interpol-washington.

Drug Enforcement Administration 8701 Morrissette Drive, Springfield, VA 22152 Phone, 202–307–1000. Internet, http://www.justice.gov/dea.

Administrator Michele M. Leonhart

The Drug Enforcement Administration DEA also enforces the Federal money (DEA) is the lead Federal agency in laundering and bulk currency smuggling enforcing narcotics and controlled statutes when the funds involved in the substances laws and regulations. The transactions or smuggling are derived Department of Justice 247 from the sale of narcotics. It was created authorities and cooperation with in July 1973 by Reorganization Plan No. counterpart agencies abroad; assistance 2 of 1973 (5 U.S.C. app.). to State and local law enforcement The DEA enforces the provisions agencies in addressing their most of the controlled substances and significant drug and drug-related violence chemical diversion and trafficking laws problems; leadership and influence over and regulations of the United States, international counterdrug and chemical and operates on a worldwide basis. It policy and support for institution building presents cases to the criminal and civil in host nations; training, scientific justice systems of the United States—or research, and information exchange in any other competent jurisdiction—on support of drug traffic prevention and those significant organizations and control; and education and assistance to their members involved in cultivation, the public community on the prevention, production, smuggling, distribution, treatment, and dangers of drugs. laundering of proceeds, or diversion of The DEA maintains liaison with the controlled substances appearing in or United Nations, INTERPOL, and other destined for illegal traffic in the United organizations on matters relating to States. The DEA disrupts and dismantles international narcotics control programs. these organizations by arresting their It has 222 offices in 21 divisions members, confiscating their drugs, throughout the United States and 86 and seizing their assets; and creates, foreign offices located in 67 countries. manages, and supports enforcement- related programs—domestically and Sources of Information internationally—aimed at reducing the Controlled Substances Act Registration ​ availability of and demand for illicit Information about registration under controlled substances. the Controlled Substances Act may be The DEA’s responsibilities include: obtained from the Office of Diversion investigation of major narcotic, chemical, Control, 8701 Morrissette Drive, drug-money laundering, and bulk Springfield, VA 22152. Phone: 800–882– currency smuggling violators who 9539. Email, DEA.Registration.Help@ operate at interstate and international usdoj.gov Email, DEA.Registration.Help@ levels; seizure and forfeiture of assets usdoj.gov. derived from, traceable to, or intended to Employment For employment be used for illicit drug trafficking; seizure information, contact the nearest DEA field and forfeiture of assets derived from or division recruitment office. Information traceable to drug-money laundering on other DEA career opportunities or the smuggling of bulk currency is available through the DEA Career derived from illegal drugs; enforcement Gateway on USAJOBS at https://dea. of regulations governing the legal usajobs.gov. manufacture, distribution, and dispensing Publications A limited selection of of controlled substances; management pamphlets and brochures is available. of an intelligence program that supports The most widely requested publication is drug investigations, initiatives, and Drugs of Abuse, an identification manual operations worldwide; coordination with intended for professional use. Single Federal, State, and local law enforcement copies are free. For further information, contact the Public Affairs Section, Drug Enforcement Administration, 8701 Morrissette Drive Springfield, VA 22152. Phone, 202–307–7977. Internet, http://www.justice.gov/dea.

Office of Justice Programs

Assistant Attorney General Karol V. Mason

The Office of Justice Programs Assistance Act of 1984 (42 U.S.C. (OJP) was established by the Justice 3711) and reauthorized in 1994 and 248 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL 2005, to provide Federal leadership, improve their juvenile justice systems coordination, and assistance needed to and sponsors innovative research, make the Nation’s justice system more demonstration, evaluation, statistics, efficient and effective in preventing and replication, technical assistance, and controlling crime. OJP is responsible for training programs to help improve the collecting statistical data and conducting Nation’s understanding of and response analyses; identifying emerging criminal to juvenile violence and delinquency; the justice issues; developing and testing Office for Victims of Crime administers promising approaches to address these victim compensation and assistance grant issues; evaluating program results; programs and provides funding, training, and disseminating these findings and and technical assistance to victim service other information to State and local organizations, criminal justice agencies, governments. and other professionals to improve the The OJP is comprised of the following Nation’s response to crime victims; and bureaus and offices: the Bureau of Justice the Office of Sex Offender Sentencing, Assistance provides funding, training, Monitoring, Apprehending, Registering, and technical assistance to State and and Tracking (SMART) established and local governments to combat violent and maintains the standards of the Sex drug-related crime and help improve Offender Registration and Notification the criminal justice system; the Bureau Act as defined by the Adam Walsh of Justice Statistics is responsible for Act. The SMART Office also provides collecting and analyzing data on crime, technical assistance and supports criminal offenders, crime victims, and innovative and best practices in the field the operations of justice systems at of sex offender management. all levels of government; the National Institute of Justice sponsors research Sources of Information and development programs, conducts Employment For employment demonstrations of innovative approaches information, contact the Human to improve criminal justice, and develops Resources Division, 810 Seventh Street, new criminal justice technologies; NW., Washington, DC 20531. Phone, the Office of Juvenile Justice and 202–307–0730. Internet, http://ojp.gov/ Delinquency Prevention provides grants about/jobs.htm Internet, http://www.ojp. and contracts to States to help them usdoj.gov/about/jobs.htm. For further information, contact the Department of Justice Response Center. Phone, 800–421–6770. Internet, http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov. Email, [email protected].

Office on Violence Against Women

Director Beatrice Hanson, Acting

The Office on Violence Against Women assistance to communities that are (OVW) was established in 2005 to reduce developing programs, policies, and violence against women through the practices aimed at ending domestic and implementation of the Violence Against dating violence, sexual assault, and Women Act. OVW is responsible for stalking. administering financial and technical For further information, contact the Office on Violence Against Women, 145 N Street, NE., Suite 10W.121, Washington, DC, 20530. Phone, 202–307–6026. Internet, http://www.justice.gov/ovw.

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives

Director B. Todd Jones Department of Justice 249 The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, ATF to the Department of Justice and Firearms and Explosives (ATF) is established it under its current name. ATF responsible for enforcing Federal criminal works, directly and through partnerships, laws and regulating the firearms and to investigate and reduce violent crime explosives industries. ATF, formerly involving firearms and explosives, acts of known as the Bureau of Alcohol, arson, and illegal trafficking of alcohol Tobacco, and Firearms, was initially and tobacco products. The Bureau established by Department of Treasury provides training and support to its Order No. 221, effective July 1, 1972, Federal, State, local, and international which transferred the functions, powers, law enforcement partners and works and duties arising under laws relating primarily in 25 field divisions across the to alcohol, tobacco, firearms, and 50 States, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin explosives from the Internal Revenue Islands, and Guam. It also has foreign Service to ATF. The Homeland Security offices in Mexico, Canada, Colombia, Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 531) transferred and France. certain functions and authorities of For further information, contact the Office of Public Affairs, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, Department of Justice, 99 New York Avenue NE., Suite 10W.121, Washington, DC 20530. Phone, 202–648–8500. Internet, http://www.atf.gov.

Offices and Boards

Executive Office for Immigration Review

Director Juan P. Osuna

The Executive Office for Immigration orders of removal and applications Review, under a delegation of authority for relief from removal. Other cases from the Attorney General, is charged before the Board include the removal with adjudicating matters brought under of aliens applying for admission to the various immigration statutes to its three United States, petitions to classify the administrative tribunals: the Board of status of alien relatives for the issuance Immigration Appeals, the Office of the of preference immigrant visas, fines Chief Immigration Judge, and the Office imposed upon carriers for the violation of the Chief Administrative Hearing of the immigration laws, and motions Officer. for reopening and reconsideration of The Board of Immigration Appeals decisions previously rendered. has nationwide jurisdiction to hear The Office of the Chief Immigration appeals from certain decisions made Judge provides overall direction for more by immigration judges and by district than 200 immigration judges located directors of the Department of Homeland in 53 immigration courts throughout Security (DHS). In addition, the Board is the Nation. Immigration judges are responsible for hearing appeals involving responsible for conducting formal disciplinary actions against attorneys administrative proceedings and act and representatives before DHS and the independently in their decisionmaking Board. capacity. Their decisions are Decisions of the Board are binding on administratively final, unless appealed or all DHS officers and immigration judges certified to the Board. unless modified or overruled by the In removal proceedings, an Attorney General or a Federal court. All immigration judge determines whether an Board decisions are subject to judicial individual from a foreign country should review in Federal court. The majority be admitted or allowed to stay in the of appeals reaching the Board involve United States or be removed. Judges are 250 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL located throughout the United States, and of administrative law judges who each judge has jurisdiction to consider preside at hearings that are mandated by various forms of relief available under the provisions of immigration law concerning law, including applications for asylum. allegations of unlawful employment The Office of the Chief Administrative of aliens, unfair immigration-related Hearing Officer is responsible for the employment practices, and immigration general supervision and management document fraud. For further information, contact the Office of Legislative and Public Affairs, Executive Office for Immigration Review, Department of Justice, 5107 Leesburg Pike, Suite 1902, Falls Church, VA 22041. Phone, 703–305– 0289. Internet, http://www.usdoj.gov/eoir.

United States Parole Commission

Chairman Isaac Fulwood, Jr.

The United States Parole Commission authority and the implementation of a (USPC) makes parole release decisions national parole policy. for eligible Federal and District of USPC has sole jurisdiction over Columbia prisoners; authorizes methods the following: Federal offenders who of release and conditions under which committed offenses before November release occurs; prescribes, modifies, and 1, 1987; D.C. Code offenders who monitors compliance with the terms committed offenses before August 5, and conditions governing offenders’ 2000; D.C. Code offenders sentenced behavior while on parole or mandatory to a term of supervised release; Uniform or supervised release; issues warrants Code of Military Justice offenders who for violation of supervision; determines are in Bureau of Prison’s custody; transfer probable cause for the revocation treaty cases; and State probationers process; revokes parole, mandatory, and parolees in the Federal Witness or supervised release; releases from Protection Program. supervision those offenders who are no longer a risk to public safety; and Sources of Information promulgates the rules, regulations, and Reading Rooms The reading room is guidelines for the exercise of USPC’s located at 90 K Street, NE., Washington, DC 20530. Phone, 202–346–7000. For further information, contact the U.S. Parole Commission, Department of Justice, 90 K Street, NE., Washington, DC 20530. Phone, 202–346–7000. Internet, http://www.justice.gov/uspc.

Office of Community Oriented Policing Services

Director Ronald L. Davis

The Office of Community Oriented enforcement and community members Policing Services (COPS) was established to develop initiatives to prevent crime; to assist law enforcement agencies in substantially increasing the number enhancing public safety through the of law enforcement officers directly implementation of community policing interacting with the community; and strategies. COPS does so by providing supporting the development of new training to enhance law enforcement technologies to shift law enforcement’s officers’ problem-solving and community focus to preventing crime and disorder interaction skills assisting law within their communities. For further information, contact the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS), Department of Justice, 935 N Street, NE., Washington, DC 20530. Phone, 202–514–2058. Internet, http://www.cops.usdoj.gov. Department of Justice 251 Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States

Commissioners Anuj C. Desai, Sylvia M. Becker

The Foreign Claims Settlement conflict or by the survivors of such Commission of the United States is a service members and civilians. quasi-judicial, independent agency The Commission is also responsible within the Department of Justice, which for maintaining records and responding adjudicates claims of U.S. nationals to inquiries related to the various claims against foreign governments, either programs it has conducted against the under specific jurisdiction conferred Governments of Albania, Bulgaria, China, by Congress or the Department of State Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Egypt, Ethiopia, or pursuant to international claims the Federal Republic of Germany, the settlement agreements. The decisions German Democratic Republic, Hungary, of the Commission are final and are Iran, Italy, Panama, Poland, Romania, the not reviewable under any standard Soviet Union, Vietnam, and Yugoslavia, by any court or other authority. Funds as well as those authorized under the for payment of the Commission’s War Claims Act of 1948 and other awards are derived from congressional statutes. appropriations, international claims settlements, or the liquidation of foreign Sources of Information assets in the United States by the Employment For information of attorney Departments of Justice and the Treasury. positions, contact the Office of the The Commission also has authority Chief Counsel, Suite 6002, 600 E Street to receive, determine the validity and NW., Washington, DC 20579 (phone, amount, and provide for the payment of 202–616–6975). For all other positions, claims by members of the U.S. Armed contact the Chief Administrative Counsel, Services and civilians held as prisoners same address and phone. of war or interned by a hostile force Reading Room The reading room is in Southeast Asia during the Vietnam located at 600 E Street NW., Washington, DC 20579. Phone, 202–616–6975. For further information, contact the Office of the Chairman, Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States, Department of Justice, Suite 6002, 600 E Street NW., Washington, DC 20579. Phone, 202–616–6975. Fax, 202–616–6993. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR 200 Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20210 Phone, 202–693–6000. Internet, http://www.dol.gov.

Secretary of Labor Thomas E. Perez Deputy Secretary Seth D. Harris Chief of Staff Ana M. Ma Chief Administrative Law Judge Stephen L. Purcell Chief Administrative Appeals Judge, Paul Igasaki Administrative Review Board Chief Administrative Appeals Judge, Benefits Nancy S. Dolder Review Board Chairman and Chief Judge, Employees’ Richard Daschbach Compensation Appeals Board Director, Center for Faith-Based and Philip Tom Community Initiatives Executive Secretary Elizabeth O. Kim Ombudsman, Energy Employee Occupational Malcolm Nelson Illness Compensation Program Assistant Secretary for Administration and T. Michael Kerr Management Assistant Secretary for Congressional and Brian Kennedy Intergovernmental Affairs Assistant Secretary of Disability Employment Kathleen Martinez Policy Assistant Secretary for Policy (vacancy) Chief Economist Jennifer Hunt Chief Financial Officer James Taylor Director, Office of Federal Contract Compliance Patricia A. Shiu Programs Director, Office of Labor-Management (vacancy) Standards Director, Office of Workers’ Compensation Gary A. Steinberg, Acting Programs Inspector General (vacancy) Senior Advisor for Communications and Public Carl Fillichio Affairs Solicitor of Labor M. Patricia Smith Senior Advisor and Director, Office of Public Gabriela Lemus Engagement

The Department of Labor promotes the welfare of job seekers, wage earners, and retirees by improving working conditions, advancing opportunities for profitable employment, protecting retirement and health care benefits, matching workers to employers, strengthening free collective bargaining, and tracking changes in economic indicators on a national scale.

The Department of Labor (DOL) was U.S.C. 551). Congress first created created by act of March 4, 1913 (29 a Bureau of Labor in the Interior 252 Department of Labor 253 Department by act of June 24, 1884. granting or denying employers’ requests The Bureau of Labor later became to hire foreign workers in numerous independent as a Department of Labor professional and nonprofessional without executive rank by act of June occupations on either a temporary or 13, 1888. It returned to bureau status in permanent basis. Appeals from decisions the Department of Commerce and Labor, by OALJ’s judges are typically reviewed which was created by act of February 14, by either the Administrative Review 1903 (15 U.S.C. 1501; 29 U.S.C. 1 note). Board or Benefits Review Board and The Department administers a variety subsequently by the U.S. Courts of of Federal labor laws to guarantee Appeals and U.S. Supreme Court. workers’ rights to fair, safe, and healthy Office of the Assistant Secretary for working conditions, including minimum Administration and Management The hourly wage and overtime pay, protection Office of the Assistant Secretary for against employment discrimination, and Administration and Management is unemployment insurance. responsible for the development and promulgation of policies, standards, Office of the Secretary procedures, systems, and materials Secretary The Secretary is the related to the resource and administrative principal adviser to the President on the management of the Department and development and execution of policies for the execution of such policies and and the administration and enforcement directives at Headquarters and in the of laws relating to wage earners, field. their working conditions, and their For more information, call 202–693–4040. Internet, employment opportunities. http://www.dol.gov/oasam/. Office of the Administrative Law Office of Disability Employment Policy ​ Judges Prior to 1972, the Office of The Office of Disability Employment Administrative Law Judges (OALJ) Policy (ODEP) seeks to increase the comprised two Administrative Law Judges number and quality of employment (referred to as “hearing examiners” until opportunities for people with disabilities November 7, 1972) who adjudicated a by promoting the adoption and small number of cases arising primarily implementation of its policy strategies under Presidential Executive Orders. and effective practices and bringing focus In 1972, OALJ’s role was significantly to the issue of disability employment. expanded to include a more diverse ODEP acts as a facilitator and catalyst range of labor-related cases. It presently among the multiple agencies across the employs 42 judges in Washington, DC, Federal Government that support the and seven district offices located in education and training needs of people various cities around the country. OALJ’s with disabilities, promoting collaboration judges are not political appointees and and realignment of policy based on are guaranteed decisional independence validated research and emerging by, and appointed under, the successful and innovative practices. Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. ODEP also promotes collaboration, 500 et seq. Judges within OALJ preside policy and resource alignment, and over trial-type hearings in various matters, the adoption and implementation of including claims for compensation and effective practices by State, local, and medical or survivor’s benefits under nongovernmental entities, including the Longshore and Black Lung statutes; businesses. antidiscrimination and retaliation For further information, call 202–693–7880. TTY, complaints arising under Executive Order 202–693–7881. Internet, http://www.dol.gov/odep. 11246 and several whistleblower statutes; enforcement actions brought by other Office of Federal Contract agencies within the Department of Labor Compliance Programs The Office of such as the Wage and Hour Division Federal Contract Compliance Programs and the Employee Benefits Security (OFCCP) administers and enforces Administration; and immigration cases three equal opportunity mandates: 254 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Y TION A YEE SECURIT TR HOUR Y EMPLO TION AND A ADMINIS BENEFIT ANT DIVISION BENEFITS GE AR A W GU CORPOR Y PENSION AR THE OF SECRET POLICY ’S TION OF OF A AMS ANT T FOR OR OF AL OFFICE ARD ORKER TION OFFICE W OFFICE WORKERS' TIVE PROGR PROGRAMS BO ASSIS A ARD A COMPENS COMPENSATION GENER TR OFFICE BO INSPECT ARD BO REVIEW COMPENS JUDGES REVIEW ADMINIS AIRS TIVE W OF A A OF L AFF YEES’ TR APPEALS GEMENT OF ARDS OFFICE BENEFITS AIRS OF OFFICE EMPLO PUBLIC U TIONAL AND ADMINIS AFF T OFFICE S ABOR-MANA BUREA ABOR L L INTERNA THE OR CT A OF OF AMS TICS SOLICIT CONTR OF OFFICE TIS U A AL ABOR T OFFICE PROGR S Y COMPLIANCE L AR BUREA FEDER Y ABOR THE THE L OF AR OF OF ABOR ABOR SECRET L L Y T OF OF SECRET Y OFFICE OFFICE TION TH A TMENT AFET DEPU TR S HEAL ANS’ AR AINING YMENT VICE THE AND TR MINE SER ADMINIS OF VETER EMPLO AND FINANCIAL DEP OFFICER OFFICE CHIEF TH TION HEAL A Y TIONAL TR A U AR AND AM TION Y A T THE YEES OMEN’S TR TIVES OCCUP BUREA GEMENT GEMENT ADMINIS AFET W OF ARIA A PROGR SECRET S INITIA EMPLO ENG ANT MANA Y AITH-BASED T OMBUDSMAN ADMINIS F OFFICE SECRET ILLNESS ILLNESS PROGRAMS AND THE OMBUDSMAN THE FOR FOR ASSIS PUBLIC TIVE OF ENERGY OF Y OF TIONS OF THE ENERGY EMPLOYEES COMMUNIT A THE YMENT TION EXECU A AL ABILIT OFFICE CENTER AND FOR OFFICE AND POLICY AINING FOR YMENT TR OFFICE DIS OCCUPATIONS OFFICE OCCUP CENTER FOR FAITH BASED AND NEIGHBORHOOD PARTNERSHIPS TR

EMPLO OF AIRS EMPLO VERMENT AND ADMINIS AFF OFFICE INTERGO CONGRESSIONAL Department of Labor 255 Executive Order 11246, as amended; pamphlets and reporting forms used by section 503 of the Rehabilitation Act persons covered by the act are available of 1973, as amended; and the Vietnam free, in limited quantities, from the OLMS Era Veterans’ Readjustment Assistance National Office at Room N–5616, 200 Act of 1974, as amended, 38 U.S.C. Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, 4212. These mandates prohibit Federal DC 20210, and from OLMS field offices. contractors and subcontractors from For a complete listing of Office of discriminating on the basis of race, color, Labor-Management Standards regional religion, sex, national origin, disability, and district offices, including addresses, or veteran status. They also require telephone numbers, and key officials, Federal contractors and subcontractors visit www.dol.gov/olms/contacts/ to take affirmative steps to ensure equal lmskeyp.htm. employment opportunities. OFCCP also For Labor-Management Reporting and shares responsibility with the U.S. Equal Disclosure Act assistance, call 202– Employment Opportunity Commission 693–0123. For electronic forms software in enforcing Title I of the Americans with technical support, call 866–401–1109. Disabilities Act. For transit employee protections For a complete listing of OFCCP offices assistance, call 202–693–0126. across the country, including addresses, Internet, http://www.dol.gov/olms. telephone numbers, and key officials, visit www.dol.gov/ofccp/contacts/ Office of the Ombudsman for the ofnation2.htm. Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act ​ For further information, contact the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs help desk. The Office of the Ombudsman for Phone, 800–397–6251. Internet, http://www.dol. the Energy Employees Occupational gov/ofccp/index.htm. Illness Compensation Program Act was Office of Inspector General The established in October 2004 under Part Office of Inspector General conducts E of the Energy Employees Occupational audits and investigations to review the Illness Compensation Program Act effectiveness, efficiency, and integrity (EEOICPA), as amended, (42 U.S.C. of all DOL programs and operations, 7385s-15) to administer a system of including those performed by its Federal payments to compensate certain contractors and grantees. The Office nuclear workers for occupational is unique among Inspectors General illnesses caused by exposure to toxic because it conducts labor racketeering substances. It is a small, independent investigations of employee benefit plans, office, headed by the Ombudsman, who labor-management relations, and internal is appointed by the Secretary of Labor. labor union affairs. The Office provides information to claimants on the benefits available under For further information, call 202–693–5100. Parts E and B of the EEOICPA and issues Office of Labor-Management annual reports to Congress detailing the Standards The Office of Labor- complaints, grievances, and requests for Management Standards conducts criminal assistance received by the Office. and civil investigations to safeguard the For further information, call 202–693–5890. financial integrity of unions and to ensure union democracy. The Office conducts Office of the Solicitor of Labor The investigative audits of labor unions to Office of the Solicitor of Labor (SOL) uncover and remedy criminal and civil provides comprehensive legal services to violations of the Labor-Management help the Department achieve its mission. Reporting and Disclosure Act and related More specifically, the Solicitor serves statutes. The Office also publishes the dual roles in the Department. First, the text of the Labor-Management Reporting Solicitor acts as the Department’s chief and Disclosure Act and pamphlets that enforcement officer, pursuing affirmative explain the reporting, election, bonding, litigation on behalf of the Secretary before and trusteeship provisions of the act. The administrative law judges, review boards 256 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL and commissions, and in the Federal nuclear weapons industry. Dependents district courts and courts of appeals. The or survivors may also be eligible for Solicitor also as the Department’s general benefits. counsel, assisting in the development For a complete listing of Office of of regulations, standards, and legislative Workers’ Compensation Programs district proposals; providing legal opinions offices, including addresses, telephone and advice on all of the Department’s numbers, and key officials, visit www. activities; advising the Solicitor General dol.gov/owcp/owcpkeyp.htm. on Supreme Court litigation involving the For further information, contact the Office of Department’s statutes or in other matters the Director, Office of Workers’ Compensation in which we have an institutional interest; Programs, Department of Labor, Room S–3524, 200 and coordinating with the Department of Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20210. Phone, 202–693–0031. Internet, http://www.dol. Justice (DOJ), as appropriate, to defend gov/owcp. the Department in litigation. For a complete listing of regional Administrative Review Board The offices of the Office of the Solicitor, Administrative Review Board (ARB) including addresses, telephone numbers, consists of five members appointed and key officials, visit www.dol.gov/sol/ by the Secretary. It issues final agency organizations/regions/main.htm. decisions for appeals cases under a For a reference to the national wide range of worker protection laws, office divisions, visit www.dol.gov/sol/ including the McNamara O’Hara Service organizations/divisions/main.htm. Contract Act and the Davis Bacon Act. The appeals cases primarily address For further information, contact the Office of the Solicitor, Department of Labor, 200 Constitution environmental, transportation, and Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20210. Phone, securities whistleblower protection; 202–693–5260. Internet, http://www.dol.gov/sol/. H–1B immigration provisions; child Office of Workers’ Compensation labor law violations; employment Programs By making timely and discrimination; job training; seasonal appropriate decisions on claims, and migrant workers; and Federal promptly paying benefits, and helping construction and service contracts. workers return to their jobs quickly, The Board’s cases generally arise upon the Office of Workers’ Compensation appeal from decisions of Department of Programs (OWCP) protects the interests Labor Administrative Law Judges or the of workers who are injured or become Administrator of the Department’s Wage ill on the job. OWCP serves specific and Hour Division. Depending upon the employee groups that are covered under statute at issue, the parties may appeal four major disability compensation the Board’s decisions to Federal district statutes by mitigating the financial or appellate courts and, ultimately, to the burden resulting from workplace injury U.S. Supreme Court. or illness and promoting return to work For further information, call the Administrative when appropriate. The statutes are the Officer. Phone, 202–693–6234. Internet, http:// www.dol.gov/arb/welcome.html. Federal Employees’ Compensation Act, serving Federal employees; the Longshore Benefits Review Board The Benefits and Harbor Workers’ Compensation Review Board (BRB) consists of five Act, serving certain employees engaged members appointed by the Secretary. in maritime employment on navigable In 1972, Congress created the Board to waters in the United States; the Black review and issue decisions on appeals Lung Benefits Act, serving coal miners of workers’ compensation cases arising who are totally disabled due to under the Longshore and Harbor pneumoconiosis, a respiratory disease Workers’ Compensation Act, and its associated with the prolonged inhalation extensions, and the Black Lung Benefits of coal dust; and the Energy Employees amendments to the Federal Coal Mine Occupational Illness Compensation Safety Act of 1969. Board decisions may Act, serving eligible workers who be appealed to the U.S. Courts of Appeals became ill as a result of work in the and to the U.S. Supreme Court. Department of Labor 257 For further information, call the Administrative Washington, DC, is available online. Officer. Phone, 202–693–6234. Internet, http:// Internet, http://www.dol.gov/dol/jobs. www.dol.gov/brb/welcome.html. htm. Employees’ Compensation Appeals Inspector General Hotline The Board The Employees’ Compensation Office of the Inspector General works Appeals Board (ECAB) is a three-member to prevent and detect fraud, waste, quasi-judicial body appointed by the and abuse concerning DOL grants, Secretary and delegated exclusive contracts, programs, and operations. It jurisdiction by Congress to hear and addresses allegations of criminal activity make final decisions on appeals filed and serious misconduct involving DOL by Federal workers arising under the employees. It also investigates allegations Federal Employees’ Compensation Act. of labor racketeering and organized The Board was created by Reorganization crime influence in the workplace. Plan No. 2 of 1946 (60 Stat. 1095). The Contact the Hotline by mail at Office of Board’s decisions are not reviewable and Inspector General, Department of Labor, are binding upon the Office of Workers’ 200 Constitution Avenue NW., Room Compensation Programs (OWCP). S–5506, Washington, DC 20210, or use For further information, call the Administrative the online form. Phone, 202–693–6999 Officer. Phone, 202–693–6234. Internet, http:// or 800–347–3756 (toll free). Fax, www.dol.gov/ecab/welcome.html. 202–693–7020. Email, [email protected]. gov. Internet, http://www.oig.dol.gov/ Sources of Information hotlineform.htm. Contracts General inquiries may be Publications The Office of Public Affairs directed to the Procurement Services distributes fact sheets that describe the Center, Room S–4307, 200 Constitution activities of the major agencies within Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20210. the Department. Internet, http://www.dol. Phone, 202–693–4570. Inquiries on gov/ebsa/publications/. doing business with the Job Corps should Reading Rooms General inquiries may be directed to the Job Corps Regional be directed to the Department of Labor Director in the appropriate Department Library, Room N–2439, 200 Constitution of Labor regional office. Internet, http:// Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20210. www.dol.gov/oasam/boc/ops/index.htm. Phone, 202–219–6992. The Office of Electronic Access Information Labor-Management Standards maintains concerning Department of Labor a Public Disclosure Room at Room agencies, programs, and activities is N–5616, 200 Constitution Avenue NW., available online. Internet, http://www. Washington, DC 20210. Reports filed dol.gov. under the Labor-Management Reporting Employment Detailed information and Disclosure Act may be examined about job opportunities with the there and purchased for 15 cents per Department of Labor, including the page. Reports also may be obtained by address and telephone numbers of the calling the Public Disclosure Room at personnel offices in the regions and in 202–219–7393, or by contacting a field office. For further information concerning the Department of Labor, contact the Office of Public Affairs, Department of Labor, Room S–1032, 200 Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20210. Phone, 202–693–4650. Internet, http://www.dol.gov.

Bureau of International Labor Affairs Department of Labor, Washington, DC 20210 Phone, 202–693–4770. Internet, http://www.dol.gov/ilab.

Deputy Under Secretary Carol Pier, Acting Associate Deputy Undersecretary Mark Mittelhauser 258 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL The Bureau of International Labor Affairs Sources of Information improves working conditions, raises Contracts and Grants Information living standards, protects workers’ rights, on contracts and grant opportunities is and addresses the workplace exploitation available online. Internet, http://www.dol. of children and other vulnerable gov/ILAB/grants/main.htm. populations. Employment Information on career opportunities is available online. Internet, http://www.dol.gov/dol/jobs.htm. For further information, contact the Bureau of International Affairs, Department of Labor, Room C–4325, Washington, DC 20201. Phone, 202–693–4770. Internet, http://www.dol.gov/ilab.

Bureau of Labor Statistics 2 Massachusetts Avenue NE., Washington, DC 20212 Phone, 202–691–7800; 800–877–8339 (TDD). Internet, http://www.bls.gov.

Commissioner Erica Groshen Deputy Commissioner John Galvin

The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) was Basic data are issued in monthly, established, in the Department of the quarterly, and annual news releases; Interior, as the Bureau of Labor by the bulletins, reports, and special act of June 27, 1884 (23 Stat. 60). It was publications; and periodicals. Regional renamed the Bureau of Labor Statistics offices issue additional reports and by the act of March 4, 1913 (37 Stat. releases, usually presenting locality or 736). The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) regional detail. collects, analyzes, and disseminates For a complete listing of Bureau of economic information to support public Labor Statistics regional offices, including and private decisionmaking. BLS serves addresses, telephone numbers, and key as a statistical resource to the Department officials, visit www.bls.gov/bls/regnhome. of Labor. Data are available relating htm. to employment, unemployment, and other characteristics of the labor force; Sources of Information consumer and producer prices, consumer Electronic Access Data are available expenditures, and import and export through an electronic news service, prices; wages and employee benefits; magnetic tape, diskettes, and microfiche, productivity and technological change; as well as online. Internet, http://bls.gov. employment projections; occupational Employment Information on career illness and injuries; and international opportunities is available online. Internet, comparisons of labor statistics. Most of http://bls.gov/jobs/home.htm. the data is collected in surveys conducted Mailing Lists Updates are available by the Bureau, the Bureau of the Census by joining the electronic mailing list, (on a contract basis), or on a cooperative which is accessible online. Internet, basis with State agencies. https://subscriptions.bls.gov/accounts/ The Bureau strives to have its data USDOLBLS/subscriber/new. satisfy a number of criteria, including: Publications Periodicals include the relevance to current social and economic “Monthly Labor Review,” “Consumer issues, timeliness in reflecting today’s Price Index,” “Producer Prices and Price rapidly changing economic conditions, Indexes,” “Employment and Earnings,” accuracy and consistently high statistical “Current Wage Developments,” quality, and impartiality in both subject “Occupational Outlook Handbook,” matter and presentation. and “Occupational Outlook Quarterly.” Publications are both free and for sale, Department of Labor 259 but for-sale items must be obtained may be directed to the Washington from the Superintendent of Documents, Information Office or to the Bureau’s Government Printing Office. Inquiries regional offices. For further information, contact the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor, Room 4040, 2 Massachusetts Avenue NE., Washington, DC 20212. Phone, 202–691–7800. Internet, http://www.bls.gov.

Employee Benefits Security Administration Department of Labor, Washington, DC 20210 Phone, 866–444–3272. Internet, http://www.dol.gov/ebsa.

Assistant Secretary Phyllis C. Borzi Deputy Assistant Secretary for Policy (vacancy) Deputy Assistant Secretary for Program Alan D. Lebowitz Operations

The Employee Benefits Security sheets, pamphlets, and booklets on Administration (EBSA) promotes and employer obligations and employee protects the retirement, health, and rights under the Employee Retirement other benefits of the over 141 million Income Security Act. A list of participants and beneficiaries in over 5 publications is available by writing to million private sector employee benefit the Office of Outreach, Education, and plans. EBSA develops regulations, Assistance, Employee Benefits Security assists and educates workers, plan Administration, Room N–5623, 200 sponsors, fiduciaries, and service Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, providers, and enforces the law. The DC 20210. Phone, 866–444–3272. Employee Retirement Income Security Internet, http://www.dol.gov/ebsa. Act is enforced through 15 field offices Reading Room The Employee Benefits nationwide and a national office in Security Administration maintains Washington, DC. a Public Disclosure Room at Room For a complete listing of regional and N–1513, 200 Constitution Avenue NW., district offices of the Employee Benefits Washington, DC 20210. Reports filed Security Administration, including under the Employee Retirement Income addresses, telephone numbers, areas Security Act may be examined there and served, and key officials, visit www.dol. purchased for 15 cents per page or by gov/ebsa/aboutebsa. calling the Public Disclosure Room at 202–693–8673. Sources of Information Publications The Employee Benefits Security Administration distributes fact For further information, contact the Employee Benefits Security Administration, Department of Labor, Room S–2534, Washington, DC 20210. Phone, 866–444–3272. Internet, http://www.dol.gov/ebsa.

Employment and Training Administration Department of Labor, Washington, DC 20520 Phone, 877–872–5627. Internet, http://www.doleta.gov.

Assistant Secretary Eric Seleznow, Acting Deputy Assistant Secretarys Gerri Fiala, Eric Seleznow 260 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL The Employment and Training control management. It coordinates with Administration (ETA) provides quality the Departmental Budget Center and the job training, employment, labor market Office of the Chief Financial Officer to information, and income maintenance provide financial management supporting services, primarily through State and the accomplishment of all aspects of local workforce development systems. ETA’s mission. ETA also administers programs to For further information, call 202–693–3162. enhance employment opportunities and business prosperity. Office of Foreign Labor Certification ​ For a complete listing of Regional The Office of Foreign Labor Certification and State Offices of the Employment (OFLC) carries out the delegated and Training Administration, including responsibility of the Secretary of Labor addresses, telephone numbers, areas under the Immigration and Nationality served, and key officials, visit www. Act, as amended, concerning the doleta.gov/Regions. admission of foreign workers into the Office of Apprenticeship The United States for employment. Office of Apprenticeship oversees the In carrying out this responsibility, OFLC National Apprenticeship System, sets administers temporary nonimmigrant standards for apprenticeship, and assists labor certification programs and the States, industry, and labor in developing permanent labor certification program apprenticeship programs that meet through ETA’s National Processing required standards while promoting equal Centers located, respectively, in Chicago opportunity and safeguarding the welfare and Atlanta. of apprentices. OFLC also administers nationally the issuance of employer-requested For more information, call 202–693–2796. Internet, http://www.doleta.gov/oa. prevailing wage determinations through ETA’s National Prevailing Wage and Office of Contracts Management The Helpdesk Center located in Washington, Office of Contracts Management (OCM) DC. Prevailing wage determinations provides leadership and direction to are issued for use in all nonagricultural ensure acquisition excellence, integrity, temporary labor certification programs accountability, and sound management and the permanent labor certification of procurement resources to support program. Employment and Training Administration For more information, call 202–693–3010. Internet, (ETA) and Job Corps goals and guiding http://www.foreignlaborcert.doleta.gov. principles for the acquisition of goods and services. Job Corps contracts account Office of Job Corps The Office of for 75 percent of the Department’s Job Corps (OJC) teaches young adults contracting activity. Non-Job Corps relevant skills they need to become contract activity supports ETA grant employable and independent and programs through technical assistance helps them secure meaningful jobs or and long-term studies and evaluations. opportunities for further education. OJC has six regional offices responsible for For further information, contact the Office of Contracts Management, Department of Labor, monitoring and oversight of Job Corps 200 Constitution Avenue, NW., Suite N–4643, centers, outreach and admissions, and Washington, DC 20210. Phone, 202–693–3701. career transition services. Office of Financial Administration ​ For a complete listing of regional The Office of Financial Administration offices of the Job Corps, including (OFA) is responsible for managing addresses, telephone numbers, and areas all ETA fiscal resources for programs served, visit www.jobcorps.gov/contact. and activities for which funds are aspx#regional. appropriated through its functions For a complete listing of Job Corps of accounting, budget, and financial centers across the country, including system oversight. OFA provides critical addresses, telephone numbers, and budgetary, accounting, audit, and internal center Web sites, visit www.jobcorps.gov/ centers.aspx. Department of Labor 261 For further information, contact the Office of Job the maintenance of wage record Corps, Department of Labor, 200 Constitution exchange systems for State and other Avenue NW., Room N–4463, Washington, DC 20210. Phone, 202–693–3000. Internet, http:// grantees to verify performance outcomes; jobcorps.dol.gov. coordinates the development of ETA’s Operating Plan; and ensures timely Office of Management and dissemination of all workforce program Administrative Services The Office of performance results. OPDR coordinates Management and Administrative Services ETA’s legislative and regulatory activities (OMAS) is responsible for managing all and maintains ETA’s portion of the administrative and grant management Department’s regulatory agenda. OPDR programs for ETA. OMAS provides critical coordinates ETA’s interactions with grant-making and human resources international organizations and foreign management, information technology countries. services, controlled correspondence, emergency preparedness, Freedom For further information, call 202–693–3700. of Information Act coordination, Office of Trade Adjustment Assistance ​ facilities management, and facilitates The Office of Trade Adjustment communication and coordination of Assistance is responsible for national activities providing strategic advice, leadership, oversight, policy guidance, counsel, and customer service to ETA’s six funding allocations, and technical regions. OMAS provides technological assistance for dislocated workers seeking infrastructure and administrative support to participate in structured training for critical ETA functions. programs. For further information, call 202–693–2800. For further information, call 202–693–3560. Office of National Response The Office of Unemployment Insurance ​ Office of National Response is The Office of Unemployment Insurance responsible for national leadership, (OUI) provides national leadership, oversight, policy guidance, funding oversight, policy guidance, and allocations, and technical assistance for technical assistance to the Federal-State the National Emergency Grants program unemployment compensation system. for dislocated workers. OUI also interprets Federal legislative For more information, call 202–693–3500. Internet, requirements. http://www.doleta.gov/layoff/. For more information, call 202–693–3029. Internet, Office of Policy Development http://www.unemploymentinsurance.doleta.gov. and Research The Office of Policy Office of Workforce Investment The Development and Research (OPDR) Office of Workforce Investment (OWI) supports ETA policies and investments provides leadership, oversight, policy to improve the public workforce guidance, and technical assistance to the system by analyzing, formulating, and Nation’s workforce investment system recommending legislative changes and including America’s Job Center systems, options for policy initiatives, including the youth and adult employment and budget justifications. OPDR coordinates training programs, and national programs ETA legislative and regulatory activities, for targeted populations. OWI oversees maintains the ETA portion of the investments in innovative workforce Department’s regulatory agenda, and solutions in high-growth sectors of the disseminates advisories and publications economy, including providing training to the public workforce system. through community colleges. OWI OPDR provides ETA with strategic also oversees the development and approaches to improve performance dissemination of tools and information and outcomes through research, related to workforce and economic data, demonstrations, and the evaluation of career guidance, and workforce skills and major ETA programs. OPDR manages the competencies. Workforce Investment Act performance accountability reporting system; oversees For further information, call 202–693–3980. 262 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Sources of Information of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Publications The Employment and Information about publications may Training Administration issues periodicals be obtained from the Administration’s such as “Area Trends in Employment and Information Office. Phone, 202–219– Unemployment,” which are available by 6871. subscription through the Superintendent For further information, contact the Employment and Training Administration, Department of Labor, Washington, DC 20210. Phone, 877–872–5627. Internet, http://www.doleta.gov.

Mine Safety and Health Administration 1100 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22209 Phone, 202–693–9400. Internet, http://www.msha.gov.

Assistant Secretary Joseph A. Main Deputy Assistant Secretary for Policy Stephen R. Weatherford Deputy Assistant Secretary for Operations Patricia W. Silvey

The Administration was established as the improving training, particularly for Mine Enforcement Safety Administration inexperienced miners and contractors; by the Interior Secretary’s Order 2953 of strengthening MSHA and the industry’s May 7, 1973. It was renamed the Mine emergency response preparedness; Safety and Health Administration by the enforcing miners’ rights to report act of Nov. 9, 1979 (91 Stat. 1319). The hazardous conditions without fear of Mine Safety and Health Administration retaliation; and emphasizing prevention. (MSHA) seeks to prevent mining-related The Administration also assists States deaths, diseases, and injuries and in the development of effective State promotes safe and healthful workplaces mine safety and health programs and for the Nation’s miners. MSHA contributes to the improvement in and promulgates and enforces mandatory expansion of mine safety and health health and safety standards by thoroughly research and development. inspecting each mine once per year; For a complete listing of MSHA District targeting the most common causes and Field Offices, including addresses, of fatal mine accidents and disasters; telephone numbers, and key officials, reducing exposure to health risks from visit www.msha.gov/district/disthome. mine dusts and other contaminants; htm. For further information, contact the Office of Program Education and Outreach Services, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Department of Labor, Room 2317, 1100 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22209– 3939. Phone, 202–693–9400. Internet, http://www.msha.gov.

Occupational Safety and Health Administration Department of Labor, Washington, DC 20210 Phone, 800–321–6742. Internet, http://www.osha.gov.

Assistant Secretary David Michaels Deputy Assistant Secretarys Jordan Barab, Gregory Baxter, Acting

The Occupational Safety and Health assures safe and healthful working Administration (OSHA), created pursuant conditions for men and women by to the Occupational Safety and Health promulgating common sense, protective Act of 1970 (29 U.S.C. 651 et seq.), health, and safety standards; enforcing Department of Labor 263 workplace safety and health rules; with States that run their own OSHA- providing training, outreach, education, approved programs. and assistance to workers and employers For a complete listing of OSHA in their efforts to control workplace regional and area offices, including hazards; prevent work-related injuries, addresses, telephone numbers, and illnesses, and fatalities; and partnering key officials, visit www.osha.gov/html/ RAmap.html. For further information, contact the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Department of Labor, Washington, DC 20210. Phone, 202–693–2000 or 1–800–321–6742. Internet, http://www.osha.gov.

Veterans’ Employment and Training Service Department of Labor, Washington, DC 20210 Phone, 866–487–2365. Internet, http://www.dol.gov/vets.

Assistant Secretary Keith Kelly Deputy Assistant Secretary for Policy Teresa W. Gerton Deputy Assistant Secretary for Operations and John K. Moran Management

The Veterans’ Employment and Training Employment and Reemployment Rights Service (VETS) is responsible for Act of 1994 (USERRA). With respect to administering veterans’ employment Federal contractors, VETS promulgates and training programs and compliance regulations and maintains oversight of activities that help veterans and the program by assisting contractors servicemembers succeed in their to comply with their affirmative action civilian careers. VETS administers the and reporting obligations. Although Jobs for Veterans State Grant program, the Office of Personnel Management which provides grants to States to fund is responsible for administering and personnel dedicated to serving the interpreting statutes and regulations employment needs of veterans. VETS governing veterans’ preference in Federal field staff works closely with and provides hiring, VETS investigates allegations technical assistance to State employment that veterans’ preference rights have workforce agencies to ensure that been violated. In addition, VETS veterans receive priority of service and preserves servicemembers’ employment gain meaningful employment. VETS and reemployment rights through its also administers three competitive administration and enforcement of the grants programs: the Veterans Workforce USERRA statute. VETS conducts thorough Investment Program, the Homeless investigations of alleged violations and Veterans Reintegration Program, and the conducts an extensive USERRA outreach Incarcerated Veterans Transition Program. program. In addition, VETS prepares separating For a complete listing of Veterans’ servicemembers for the civilian labor Employment and Training Service market through its Transition Assistance regional and State offices, including Program Employment Workshops. addresses, telephone numbers, VETS has three distinct compliance and key officials, visit www.dol. programs: the Federal Contractor gov/vets/aboutvets/contacts/main. Program, Veterans’ Preference in Federal htm#regionalstatedirectory. hiring and the Uniformed Services For further information, contact the Assistant Secretary for Veterans’ Employment and Training, Department of Labor, Washington, DC 20210. Phone, 202–693–4700. Internet, http://www.dol.gov/vets. 264 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Wage and Hour Division Department of Labor, Washington, DC 20210 Phone, 866–487–9243. Internet, http://www.dol.gov/whd.

Administrator (vacancy) Deputy Administrator Laura A. Fortman

The Wage and Hour Division (WHD) statutes applicable to Federal contracts enforces Federal minimum wage, for construction and for the provision of overtime pay, recordkeeping, and child goods and services. labor law requirements of the Fair Labor For a complete listing of Wage and Standards Act. WHD also enforces the Hour Division offices across the country, Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker including addresses, telephone numbers, Protection Act, the Employee Polygraph and key officials, visit www.dol.gov/whd/ Protection Act, the Family and Medical america2.htm. Leave Act, wage garnishment provisions of the Consumer Credit Protection Sources of Information Act, and a number of employment Outreach and Educational Materials ​ standards and worker protections as WHD provides a wide variety of provided in several immigration-related outreach and educational materials statutes. Additionally, WHD administers in various languages, such as guides, and enforces the prevailing wage factsheets, worker rights cards, self-audit requirements of the Davis Bacon Act assessments, posters, bookmarks, and and the Service Contract Act and other videos. For further information, contact the Office of the Administrator, Wage and Hour Division, Department of Labor, Room S–3502, Washington, DC 20210. Phone, 202–693–0051. Internet, http://www.dol.gov/whd.

Women’s Bureau Department of Labor, Washington, DC 20210 Phone, 202–693–6710. Internet, http://www.dol.gov/wb.

Director Latifa Lyles, Acting Deputy Director Joan Harrigan-Farrelly

The Women’s Bureau is responsible for also focuses on the needs of vulnerable promoting the status of wage-earning women in the workforce. women, improving their working For a complete listing of regional conditions, increasing their efficiency, offices of the Women’s Bureau, including and advancing their opportunities for addresses, telephone numbers, and key profitable employment. The Bureau officials, visit www.dol.gov/wb. For further information, contact the Women’s Bureau, Department of Labor, Room S–3002, 200 Constitution Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 20210. Phone, 202–693–6710. Internet, http://www.dol.gov/wb. DEPARTMENT OF STATE

Secretary of State John F. Kerry Deputy Secretary of State William J. Burns Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Heather A. Higginbottom Resources Counselor Thomas Shannon Executive Secretary John R. Bass Under Secretary for Arms Control and Rose E. Gottemoeller International Security Affairs Assistant Secretary for International Security Thomas M. Countryman and Nonproliferation Assistant Secretary for Political-Military Affairs Puneet Talwar Assistant Secretary for Arms Control, Anita Friedt, Acting Verification and Compliance Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Sarah B. Sewall Democracy, and Human Rights Ambassador-at-Large for the Office to Monitor Luis CdeBaca and Combat Trafficking in Persons Assistant Secretary for Democracy, Human Tomasz P. Malinowksi Rights, and Labor Assistant Secretary for Population, Refugees, Anne C. Richard and Migration Assistant Secretary for Conflict and Stabilization Frederick Barton Operations Coordinator and Ambassador-at-Large for Tina S. Kaidanow Counterterrorism Assistant Secretary for International Narcotics William R. Brownfield and Law Enforcement Affairs Ambassador-at-Large for the Office of Global Stephen J. Rapp Criminal Justice Under Secretary for Economic Growth, Energy, Catherine A. Novelli and the Environment Assistant Secretary for Economic and Business Charles H. Rivkin Affairs Assistant Secretary for Oceans and International Kerri-Ann Jones Environmental and Scientific Affairs Assistant Secretary for Energy Resources Carlos Pascual, Acting Office of the Chief Economist Mark Stone, Acting Under Secretary for Management Patrick F. Kennedy Assistant Secretary for Administration Joyce A. Barr Assistant Secretary for Consular Affairs Michele Bond, Acting Assistant Secretary for Diplomatic Security and Gregory B. Starr, Acting Foreign Missions Assistant Secretary for Information Resource Steven C. Taylor Management and Chief Information Officer Comptroller, Bureau of the Comptroller and Christopher H. Flaggs, Acting Global Financial Services Director, Budget and Planning Barbara A. Retzlaff

265 266 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Director, Office of Management Policy, Alaina A. Teplitz Rightsizing and Innovation Director, Foreign Service Institute Nancy McEldowney Director General of the Foreign Service and Hans G. Klemm, Acting Director of Human Resources Director, Office of Medical Services Gary D. Penner Director, Overseas Buildings Operations Lydia Muniz Under Secretary for Political Affairs Wendy R. Sherman Assistant Secretary for African Affairs Linda Thomas-Greenfield Assistant Secretary for East Asian and Pacific Daniel R. Russel Affairs Assistant Secretary for European and Eurasian Victoria Nuland Affairs Assistant Secretary for International Bathsheba Nell Crocker Organization Affairs Assistant Secretary for Near Eastern Affairs Anne Patterson Assistant Secretary for South and Central Asian Nisha Desai Biswal Affairs Assistant Secretary for Western Hemisphere Roberta S. Jacobson Affairs Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Richard A. Stengel Public Affairs Assistant Secretary for Educational and Cultural Evan Ryan Affairs Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs Douglas Frantz Coordinator of International Information Macon Phillips Programs Assistant Secretary for Intelligence and Research Daniel B. Smith Assistant Secretary for Legislative Affairs Julie Frifield Ambassador-at-Large of the Office of Global Catherine M. Russell Women’s Issues Chief of Protocol Natalie Jones, Acting Director, Office of Civil Rights John M. Robinson Director, Office of Policy Planning David McKean Director, Office of U.S. Foreign Assistance Robert H. Goldberg Coordinator, Office of U.S. Global AIDS Deborah L. Birx Deputy Inspector General Scott Linick Legal Adviser Mary E. McLeod, Acting United States Mission to the United Nations United States Permanent Representative to the Samantha Power United Nations and Representative in the Security Council Deputy United States Representative to the Rosemary A. DiCarlo United Nations United States Alternate Representative for Jeffrey DeLaurentis Special Political Affairs in the United Nations United States Representative to the Economic Elizabeth M. Cousens and Social Council United States Representative for United Nations Joseph M. Torsella Management and Reform [For the Department of State statement of organization, see the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 22, Part 5.] Department of State 267

The Department of State advises the President and leads the Nation in foreign policy issues to advance freedom and democracy for the American people and the international community. To this end, the Department compiles research on American overseas interests, disseminates information on foreign policy to the public, negotiates treaties and agreements with foreign nations, and represents the United States in the United Nations and other international organizations and conferences.

The Department of State was established responding to requests under the by act of July 27, 1789, as the Freedom of Information and Privacy Acts; Department of Foreign Affairs and was providing the electronic reading room renamed Department of State by act of for public reference to State Department September 15, 1789 (22 U.S.C. 2651 records; and determining use of the note). diplomatic reception rooms of the Harry Secretary of State The Secretary S. Truman headquarters building in of State is responsible for the overall Washington, DC. direction, coordination, and supervision For further information, contact the Bureau of of U.S. foreign relations and for the Administration. Phone, 703–875–7000. Internet, interdepartmental activities of the U.S. http://www.state.gov/m/a. Government abroad. The Secretary is the Arms Control, Verification and first-ranking member of the Cabinet, is a Compliance The Bureau of Arms member of the National Security Council, Control, Verification and Compliance and is in charge of the operations of is responsible for ensuring and the Department, including the Foreign verifying compliance with international Service. arms control, nonproliferation, Regional Bureaus Foreign affairs and disarmament agreements and activities worldwide are handled by the commitments. The Bureau also leads geographic bureaus, which include the negotiation and implementation efforts Bureaus of African Affairs, European and with respect to strategic arms control, Eurasian Affairs, East Asian and Pacific most recently the new START Treaty Affairs, Near Eastern Affairs, South and conventional forces in Europe. and Central Asian Affairs, and Western The Bureau is the principal policy Hemisphere Affairs. representative to the intelligence Administration The Bureau of community with regard to verification Administration provides support and compliance matters and uses this role programs and services to Department to promote, preserve, and enhance key of State operations worldwide, as well collection and analytic capabilities and as programs and services to other U.S. to ensure that intelligence verification, Government agencies represented at compliance, and implementation U.S. Embassies and consulates. These requirements are met. The Bureau staffs functions include administrative policy, and manages treaty implementation domestic emergency management; commissions, creates negotiation and management of owned or leased facilities implementation policy for agreements in the United States; procurement, and commitments, and develops policy supply, travel, and transportation support; for future arms control, nonproliferation, classified pouch, unclassified pouch, and disarmament arrangements. It and domestic mail distribution; official also provides secure government-to- records, publishing, library, and foreign government communication linkages language interpreting and translating with foreign treaty partners. The services; and support to the schools Bureau is also responsible for preparing abroad that educate dependents of verifiability assessments on proposals U.S. Government employees assigned and agreements, and reporting these to diplomatic and consular missions. to Congress as required. The Bureau Direct services to the public include: also prepares the “President’s Annual authenticating documents used abroad Report to Congress on Adherence to for legal and business purposes; 268 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL IN W Y Y Y Y A , AND Y FOR L AR AR AR AR ARGE ARGE ARGE TICE Y AND ABOR OR -L -L -L AND AND T T T AND HUMAN L TION , AR OR AND TION, GLOBAL JUS TION T TIONAL TIONS A CY SECRET SECRET SECRET SECRET A CY AFFICKING A TERRORISM RIGHTS A MONIT A OF AND SECURIT TR ADOR-A ADOR-A ADOR-A O TICS ANT ANT ANT ANT T PERSONS T T T T T ABILIZA MIGR SECRET T OPER POPUL S CONFLICT ENFORCEMENT REFUGEES INTERNA COORDINA CRIMINAL HUMAN ASSIS ASSIS ASSIS ASSIS OFFICE RIGHTS AMBASS AMBASS AMBASS DEMOCR NARCO DEMOCR COUNTER CIVILIAN COMBA OFFICE UNDER S Y O TIVES A ENV SPECIAL AL AND / SPEIC REPRESENT AND OFFICER VICES VICES GEMENT OF TION OR OR OR OR TION TION A RG E TIONS BUILDINGS A SER SER OR A V -L GEMENT MANA THE T T RESOURCES AIDS AL DIRECT DIRECT DIRECT DIRECT RIGHTSIZING OF OF , OFFICE INNO RESOURCES FOR OPER INFORMA INFORMA MANA A DO R -A Y VERSEAS MEDIC FOREIGN AR HUMAN O OFFICE POLICY GLOBAL CHIEF OFFICE COORDINA MB AS S A GEMENT Y SECRET Y Y Y MANA A RG E AR AR AR AIRS -L VICE ANNING T TION TE A ISSUES MISSIONS UNDER GLOBAL AFF OR OR OR PL SECURIT COUNSELOR SER TR SECRET SECRET SECRET FINANCIAL VICES OF AR TITU TIC A DO R -A AND ANT ANT ANT DIRECT DIRECT DIRECT T T T SER INS OMEN’S FOREIGN W MB AS S ADMINIS OFFICE FOREIGN A ASSIS ASSIS ASSIS GLOBAL CONSUL DIPLOMA BUDGET AND OF OR TES Y Y RIGHTS Y A AND FOR T AR AR AR DIRECT AND S AIRS ANCE AND Y OFFICE T AIRS CY CIVIL TION FOR AIRS AR OR TE AMS AFF OR TIONAL SECRET SECRET AFF TE A AFF AL A ASSIS SECRET TIONAL UNITED T T A ANT ANT DIRECT Y S GEMENT T T DIRECT T TUR DIPLOMA SECRET PROGR OF S TE INFORMA RESOURCES OF INTERNA PUBLIC A ASSIS ASSIS EDUC PUBLIC OF CUL T MANA DEPU OF FOREIGN S ADOR OF UNDER PUBLIC OCOL OFFICE T CHIEF OF OFFICE Y PRO AMBASS THE AR Y T Y Y Y Y Y FOR Y AR AR AR AR TION AND AND TMENT ARIA Y A AR AR AND AR SECURIT Y SECRET TIONAL OF -MILIT TE SECRET SECRET SECRET OR TION AIRS ANNING A AR A AIRS CONTROL, T SECRET AL SECRET PL S SECRET ANT ANT ANT AFF T T T AFF CONTROL Y SECRET TIONAL TIVE DIRECT COMPLIANCE OF T OFFICE SECURIT TIVE INTERNA ARMS VERIFIC ASSIS ASSIS ASSIS DEP POLITIC NONPROLIFER POLICY EXECU ARMS DEPU UNDER INTERNA EXECU OR AL Y AND Y Y Y Y T AR AR AR AR AR AND AIRS AIRS GENER AND INSPECT THE AL FOR AND AFF AFF TIONAL OF ENERGY SECRET SECRET SECRET SECRET SECRET ECONOMIC RESOURCES ECONOMIS ANT ANT ANT ANT GENCY T T T T WTH, A OCEANS ENVIRONMENT DEVELOPMENT FOR INTERNA OFFICE ECONOMIC UNDER SCIENTIFIC CHIEF ASSIS ASSIS ASSIS ASSIS BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT TES GRO ENERGY A VISOR T S TIONAL AD AL AL Y Y Y LEG UNITED AR AR AR INTERNA AIRS TIONS CENTR TIONAL Y SECRET SECRET SECRET AIRS AFF HEMISPHERE AR AND ANIZA ANT ANT ANT AFF T T T TIVE FOR TH A TERN ASIAN INTERNA SECRET Y ORG AIRS AIRS ASSIS ASSIS ASSIS AR SOU FOR ANT WES AFF T AFF LEGISL AL ASSIS SECRET GENCY A Y Y Y Y DEVELOPMENT Y AR AR AR AR AIRS POLITIC TES AIRS AR AND AND AIRS AND A TERN UNDER T AFF S AFF TIONAL AFF SECRET SECRET SECRET SECRET AIRS EAS SECRET ASIAN AN ANT ANT ANT ANT AFF T T T T T ASIAN CIFIC ANT T A UNITED NEAR RESEARCH EUROPEAN P EAS INTERNA AFRIC ASSIS ASSIS ASSIS ASSIS EUR ASSIS INTELLIGENCE Department of State 269 and Compliance With Arms Control, For further information, contact the Bureau of Nonproliferation, and Disarmament Conflict Stabilization Operations. Phone, 202–663– 0323. Internet, http://www.state.gov/g/cso. Agreements and Commitments,” as well as the reports required by the Iran, North Consular Affairs The Bureau of Korea, and Syria Nonproliferation Act. Consular Affairs is responsible for the For further information, contact the Bureau of protection and welfare of American Arms Control, Verification and Compliance. Phone, citizens and interests abroad; the 202–647–6830. Fax, 202–647–1321. Internet, administration and enforcement of http://www.state.gov/t/avc/. the provisions of the immigration and Budget and Planning The Bureau of nationality laws insofar as they concern Budget and Planning manages budgeting the Department of State and Foreign and resource management for operation Service; the issuance of passports and accounts. visas; and related services. Approximately 18 million passports a year are issued by For further information, contact the Bureau of Budget and Planning. Phone, 202–647–8515. the Bureau’s Office of Passport Services Internet, http://www.state.gov/s/d/rm/. at the processing centers in Portsmouth, NH, and Charleston, SC, and the regional Comptroller and Global Financial agencies in Boston, MA; Chicago, IL; Services The Bureau of the Comptroller Aurora, CO; Honolulu, HI; Houston, and Global Financial Services, led by TX; Los Angeles, CA; Miami, FL; New the Chief Financial Officer, integrates Orleans, LA; New York, NY; Philadelphia, strategic planning, budgeting, and PA; San Francisco, CA; Seattle, WA; performance to secure departmental Norwalk, CT; Detroit, MI; Minneapolis, resources. The Bureau manages all MN; and Washington, DC. In addition, departmental strategic and performance the Bureau helps secure America’s planning; global financial services, borders against entry by terrorists or including accounting, disbursing, narcotraffickers, facilitates international and payroll; issuance of financial adoptions, and supports parents whose statements and oversight of the children have been abducted abroad. Department’s management control program; coordination of national More information is available online at the Bureau of Consular Affairs. Internet, http://www.travel. security resources and remediation of state.gov. vulnerabilities within the Department’s global critical infrastructure; and Counterterrorism The Bureau of management of the International Counterterrorism leads the Department in Cooperative Administrative Support the U.S. Government’s effort to counter Services Program. terrorism abroad and secure the United States against foreign terrorist threats. To For further information, contact the Bureau of the Comptroller and Global Financial Services. Phone, carry out its mission, the Bureau develops 202–647–7490. Internet, http://www.state.gov/m/ and implements counterterrorism cgfs/. strategies, promotes international Conflict and Stabilization Operations ​ cooperation on counterterrorism issues, The Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization serves as the Department’s key link on Operations advances U.S. national counterterrorism to the Department of security by driving integrated, civilian- Homeland Security, focuses efforts to led efforts to prevent, respond to, and counter violent extremism, and develops stabilize crises in priority states, setting international partner counterterrorism conditions for long-term peace. The capacity. Bureau emphasizes sustainable solutions For further information, contact CT’s Office of guided by local dynamics and actors and Public Affairs. Phone, 202–647–1845. Internet, http://www.state.gov/g/ct. promotes unity of effort, strategic use of scarce resources, and burden-sharing Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor ​ with international partners. The Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (DRL) is responsible for developing and implementing U.S. 270 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL policy on democracy, human rights, classified processing equipment, and labor, religious freedom, monitoring and management information systems; combating anti-Semitism, and advocating the physical and technical protection for inclusion of people with disabilities. of domestic and overseas facilities of DRL practices diplomatic engagement the Department of State; providing and advocacy to protect human rights professional law enforcement and and strengthen democratic institutions. security training to U.S. and foreign Working with governments, civil society, personnel; and a comprehensive, and multilateral organizations to support multifaceted overseas security program democratic governance and human serving the needs of U.S. missions and rights, the Bureau also participates in resident U.S. citizens and business multi-stakeholder initiatives to encourage communities. Through the Office of multinational corporations to adhere Foreign Missions, the Bureau regulates to human rights standards of conduct, the domestic activities of the foreign including the elimination of child diplomatic community in the areas of labor. DRL fulfills the USG reporting taxation, real property acquisitions, motor responsibilities on human rights and vehicle operation, domestic travel, and democracy, producing the annual customs processing. “Country Reports on Human Rights For further information, contact the Bureau of Practices,” the annual “International Diplomatic Security Office of Public Affairs. Phone, Religious Freedom” report, and the 571–345–2502. Internet, http://www.state.gov/m/ “Advancing Freedom and Democracy” ds. report. Providing targeted program Economic and Business Affairs The assistance through the Human Rights Bureau of Economic and Business and Democracy Fund and other funding Affairs (EB) promotes international trade, streams, the Bureau works to protect investment, economic development, human rights and strengthen democratic and financial stability on behalf of the institutions around the world. DRL American people. EB works to build programs help prosecute war criminals, prosperity and economic security at promote religious freedom, support home and abroad by implementing workers’ rights, encourage accountability policy related to the promotion of in governance, as well as facilitate U.S. trade, investment and exports, freedom of expression and freedom international development and to access information on the Internet. reconstruction, intellectual property The Bureau also has a Congressionally- enforcement, terrorism financing and mandated responsibility to ensure that economic sanctions, international foreign military assistance and training is communications and information policy, not provided to gross violators of human and aviation and maritime affairs. EB rights. DRL leads the Secretary of State’s formulates and carries out U.S. foreign Task Force on Global Internet Freedom. economic policy and works to sustain a For further information, contact the Bureau of more democratic, secure, and prosperous Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. Phone, world. 202–647–1337. Internet, http://www.state.gov/j/drl. For further information, contact the Bureau of Diplomatic Security The Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs. Phone, 202–647– Diplomatic Security provides a secure 7971. Fax, 202–647–5713. Internet, http://www. state.gov/e/eeb. environment to promote U.S. interests at home and abroad. The Bureau’s mission Educational and Cultural Affairs The includes protecting the Secretary of State Bureau of Educational and Cultural and other senior Government officials, Affairs administers the principal resident and visiting foreign dignitaries, provisions of the Mutual Educational and and foreign missions in the United States; Cultural Exchange Act (the Fulbright- conducting criminal, counterintelligence, Hays Act), including U.S. international and personnel security investigations; educational and cultural exchange ensuring the integrity of international programs. These programs include travel documents, sensitive information, the prestigious Fulbright Program for Department of State 271 students, scholars, and teachers; the and management capabilities of the International Visitor Leadership Program, foreign affairs community. which brings leaders and future leaders For further information, contact the Foreign Service from other countries to the United States Institute. Phone, 703–302–6729. Fax, 703–302– for consultation with their professional 7227. Internet, http://www.state.gov/m/fsi/. colleagues; and professional, youth, Information Resource Management ​ sports, and cultural exchanges. Programs The Bureau of Information Resource are implemented through cooperative Management (IRM) provides the relationships with U.S. nongovernmental Department with the information organizations that support the Bureau’s technology it needs to carry out U.S. mission. diplomacy in the information age. The For further information, contact the Bureau of IRM Bureau is led by the Department’s Educational and Cultural Affairs. Phone, 202– Chief Information Officer. IRM 632–6445. Fax, 202–632–2701. Internet, http:// exchanges.state.gov/. establishes effective information resource management planning and policies; Energy Resources The Bureau of ensures availability of information Energy Resources (ENR) leads the State technology systems and operations, Department in the U.S. Government’s including information technology promotion of U.S. and international contingency planning, to support the energy policy. ENR works to ensure that Department’s diplomatic, consular, international energy markets are secure and management operations; exercises and predictable in order to mitigate management responsibility to ensure potential disruptions, while also working the Department’s information resources with international partners to diversify meet the business requirements of the U.S. energy supplies. The Bureau also Department and provide an effective seeks to encourage the transformation of basis for knowledge sharing and United States and world production and collaboration within the Department and consumption of energy to confront the with other foreign affairs agencies and limits of a hydrocarbon-based society partners; exercises delegated approving and rapid increases in energy demand. authority for the Secretary of State for the ENR works to promote good governance, development and administration of the transparency, and reform of energy Department’s computer and information sectors globally, which will help broaden security programs and policies. energy access, further ensure stable For further information, contact the Bureau of energy supplies, and reduce political Information Resource Management. Phone, 202– instability. 647–2977. Internet, http://www.state.gov/m/irm/. For further information, contact the Bureau of Inspector General The Office of Energy Resources. Phone, 202–647–3423. Internet, http://www.state.gov/e/enr. Inspector General (OIG) conducts independent audits, inspections, and Foreign Service Institute The Foreign investigations to promote effective Service Institute of the Department of management, accountability, and State is the Federal Government’s primary positive change in the Department foreign affairs-related training institution. of State, the Broadcasting Board of In addition to the Department of State, Governors (BBG), and the foreign affairs the Institute provides training for more community. OIG provides leadership than 47 other Government agencies. to promote integrity, efficiency, The Institute has more than 700 courses, effectiveness, and economy; prevents including some 70 foreign language and detects waste, fraud, abuse, and courses, ranging in length from 1 day mismanagement; identifies vulnerabilities to 2 years. The courses are designed and recommends constructive solutions; to promote successful performance in offers expert assistance to improve each professional assignment, to ease Department and BBG operations; the adjustment to other countries and communicates timely, useful information cultures, and to enhance the leadership that facilitates decision-making and 272 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL achieves measurable gains; and keeps State Department’s efforts to counter the Department, BBG, and Congress anti-American disinformation/propaganda informed. and serves as the Department’s chief For further information, contact the Office of link with other agencies in coordinating Inspector General. Phone, 202–663–0340. Internet, international public diplomacy programs. http://www.oig.state.gov. For further information, contact the Bureau of Intelligence and Research The primary International Information Programs. Phone, 202– 632–9942. Fax, 202–632–9901. Internet, http:// mission of the Bureau of Intelligence and www.state.gov/r/iip/. Research (INR) is to harness intelligence to serve U.S. diplomacy. Drawing on all- International Narcotics and Law source intelligence, INR provides value- Enforcement The Bureau of added independent analysis of events to International Narcotics and Law Department policymakers, ensures that Enforcement Affairs (INL) is responsible intelligence activities support foreign for developing policies and managing policy and national security purposes, programs to combat and counter and serves as the focal point in the international narcotics production and Department for ensuring policy review trafficking, and for strengthening law of sensitive counterintelligence and law enforcement and other rule of law enforcement activities. The Bureau also institutional capabilities outside the analyzes geographical and international United States. The Bureau also directs boundary issues. INR is a member of the narcotics control coordinators at posts U.S. Intelligence Community and serves abroad and provides guidance on as the Community’s Executive Agent for narcotics control, justice sector reform, Analytical Outreach. and anticrime matters to the chiefs of missions. It supports the development For further information, contact the Bureau of Intelligence and Research. Phone, 202–647–1080. of strong, sustainable criminal justice Internet, http://www.state.gov/s/inr. systems as well as training for police force and judicial officials. INL works International Information Programs ​ closely with a broad range of other U.S. The Bureau of International Information Government agencies. Programs (IIP) informs, engages, and influences international audiences about For further information, contact the Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement U.S. policy and society to advance Affairs. Phone, 202–647–2842. Fax, 202–736–4045. America’s interests. IIP is a leader in Internet, http://www.state.gov/j/inl. developing and implementing public diplomacy strategies that measurably International Organizations The influence international audiences Bureau of International Organization through quality programs and cutting- Affairs provides guidance and support edge technologies. IIP provides localized for U.S. participation in international contact for U.S. policies and messages, organizations and conferences and reaching millions worldwide in English, formulates and implements U.S. policy Arabic, Chinese, French, Persian, toward international organizations, Russian, and Spanish. IIP delivers with particular emphasis on those America’s message to the world through organizations which make up the United a number of key products and services. Nations system. It provides direction These programs reach, and are created in the development, coordination, and strictly for, key international audiences, implementation of U.S. multilateral such as U.S. diplomatic missions abroad, policy. the media, government officials, opinion For further information, contact the Bureau of leaders, and the general public in more International Organization Affairs. Phone, 202–647– 9600. Fax, 202–647–2175. Internet, http://www. than 140 countries around the world. state.gov/p/io/. They include Web and print publications, in-person and telecommunications- International Security and based speaker programs, and information Nonproliferation The Bureau resource services. IIP orchestrates the of International Security and Department of State 273 Nonproliferation (ISN), is responsible and foreign litigation affecting the for managing a broad range of Department’s interests; and represent nonproliferation, counterproliferation, the United States before international and arms control functions. ISN leads tribunals, including the International U.S. efforts to prevent the spread of Court of Justice. weapons of mass destruction (nuclear, For further information, contact the Office of the radiological, chemical, and biological Legal Adviser. Phone, 202–647–9598. Fax, 202–647– weapons) related materials, and their 7096. Internet, http://www.state.gov/s/l/. delivery systems. It is responsible Legislative Affairs The Bureau of for spearheading efforts to promote Legislative Affairs coordinates legislative international consensus on weapons of activity for the Department of State mass destruction proliferation through and advises the Secretary, the Deputy, bilateral and multilateral diplomacy; as well as the Under Secretaries and addressing weapons of mass destruction Assistant Secretaries on legislative proliferation threats posed by nonstate strategy. The Bureau facilitates effective actors and terrorist groups by improving communication between State physical security, using interdiction and Department officials and the Members sanctions, and actively participating of Congress and their staffs. Legislative in the Proliferation Security Initiative; Affairs works closely with the authorizing, coordinating the implementation appropriations, and oversight committees of key international treaties and of the House and Senate, as well as arrangements, working to make them with individual Members that have an relevant to today’s security challenges; interest in State Department or foreign working closely with the U.N., the policy issues. The Bureau also manages G–8, NATO, the Organization for the Department testimony before House and Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, the Senate hearings, organizes Member and International Atomic Energy Agency, staff briefings, facilitates congressional and other international institutions and travel to overseas posts for Members organizations to reduce and eliminate and staff throughout the year, reviews the threat posed by weapons of mass proposed legislation, and coordinates destruction; and supporting efforts of Statements of Administration Policy on foreign partners to prevent, protect legislation affecting the conduct of U.S. against, and respond to the threat or foreign policy. The Legislative Affairs use of weapons of mass destruction by staff advises individual Bureaus of the terrorists. Department on legislative and outreach For further information, contact the Bureau of strategies and coordinates those strategies International Security and Nonproliferation. Phone, with the Secretary’s priorities. 202–647–9868. Fax, 202–736–4863. Internet, http://www.state.gov/t/isn. For further information, contact the Bureau of Legislative Affairs. Phone, 202–647–1714. Internet, Legal Adviser The Office of the Legal http://www.state.gov/s/h/. Adviser advises the Secretary of State and other Department officials on all Medical Services The Office of Medical domestic and international legal matters Services (MED) develops, manages, and relating to the Department of State, staffs a worldwide primary health care Foreign Service, and diplomatic and system for U.S. Government employees consular posts abroad. The Office’s and their eligible dependents residing lawyers draft, negotiate, and interpret overseas. In support of its overseas treaties, international agreements, operations, MED approves and monitors domestic statutes, departmental the medical evacuation of patients, regulations, Executive orders, and other conducts pre-employment and in-service legal documents; provide guidance on physical clearance examinations, and international and domestic law; represent provides clinical referral and advisory the United States in international services. MED also provides for organization, negotiation, and treaty emergency medical response in the event commission meetings; work on domestic of a crisis at an overseas post. 274 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

For further information, contact the Office of For further information, contact the Bureau of Medical Services. Phone, 202–663–1649. Fax, Overseas Buildings Operations. Phone, 703–875– 202–663–1613. Internet, http://www.state.gov/m/ 4131. Fax, 703–875–5043. Internet, http://www. med. state.gov/obo. Oceans and International Environmental Political-Military Affairs The Bureau of and Scientific Affairs The Bureau of Political-Military Affairs is the principal Oceans and International Environmental link between the Departments of State and Scientific Affairs (OES) serves as the and Defense and is the Department foreign policy focal point for international of State’s lead on operational military oceans, as well as environmental and matters. The Bureau provides policy scientific efforts. OES projects, protects, direction in the areas of international and promotes U.S. global interests in security, security assistance, military these areas by articulating U.S. foreign operations, defense strategy and policy, policy, encouraging international counterpiracy measures, and defense cooperation, and negotiating treaties trade. Its responsibilities include and other instruments of international coordinating the U.S. Government’s law. The Bureau serves as the principal response to piracy in the waters off the adviser to the Secretary of State on Horn of Africa, securing base access international environment, science, and to support the deployment of U.S. technology matters and takes the lead military forces overseas, negotiating in coordinating and brokering diverse status of forces agreements, coordinating interests in the interagency process, participation in coalition combat and where the development of international stabilization forces, regulating arms policies or the negotiation and transfers, directing military assistance to implementation of relevant international U.S. allies, combating illegal trafficking agreements are concerned. The in small arms and light weapons, Bureau seeks to promote the peaceful facilitating the education and training exploitation of outer space, develop of international peacekeepers and and coordinate policy on international foreign military personnel, managing health issues, encourage government-to- humanitarian mine action programs, and government scientific cooperation, and assisting other countries in reducing the prevent the destruction and degradation availability of man-portable air defense of the planet’s natural resources and the systems. global environment. For further information, contact the Bureau of For further information, contact the Bureau of Political-Military Affairs. Phone, 202–647–9022. Oceans and International Environmental and Fax, 202–736–4413. Internet, http://www.state. Scientific Affairs. Phone, 202–647–6961. Fax, 202– gov/t/pm. 647–0217. Internet, http://www.state.gov/e/oes/. Population, Refugees, and Migration ​ Overseas Buildings Operations The The Bureau of Population, Refugees, Bureau of Overseas Buildings Operations and Migration directs the Department’s (OBO) directs the worldwide overseas population, refugee, and migration buildings program for the Department policy development. It administers of State and the U.S. Government U.S. contributions to international community serving abroad under the organizations and nongovernmental authority of the chiefs of mission. Along organizations for humanitarian with the input and support of other assistance- and protection-related State Department bureaus, foreign programs on behalf of refugees, conflict affairs agencies, and Congress, OBO victims, and internally displaced sets worldwide priorities for the design, persons. The Bureau oversees the annual construction, acquisition, maintenance, admissions of refugees to the United use, and sale of real properties and the States for permanent resettlement, use of sales proceeds. OBO also serves as working closely with the Department of the Single Real Property Manager of all Homeland Security, the Department of overseas facilities under the authority of Health and Human Services, and various the chiefs of mission. State and private voluntary agencies. It Department of State 275 coordinates U.S. international population guest house, Blair House; organizing policy and promotes its goals through delegations representing the President at bilateral and multilateral cooperation. official ceremonies abroad; conducting It works closely with the U.S. Agency official ceremonial functions and public for International Development, which events; interpreting the official order administers U.S. international population of precedence; conducting outreach programs. The Bureau also coordinates programs of cultural enrichment and the Department’s international migration substantive briefings of the Diplomatic policy through bilateral and multilateral Corps; accrediting of over 118,000 diplomacy. The Bureau oversees efforts embassy, consular, international to encourage greater participation in organization, and other foreign humanitarian assistance and refugee government personnel, members of their resettlement on the part of foreign families, and domestics throughout the governments and uses humanitarian United States; determining entitlement diplomacy to increase access and to diplomatic or consular immunity; assistance to those in need in the absence publishing of diplomatic and consular of political solutions. lists; resolving problems arising out of For further information, contact the Bureau of diplomatic or consular immunity, such as Population, Refugees, and Migration. Phone, legal and police matters; and approving 202–453–9339. Fax, 202–453–9394. Internet, the opening of embassy and consular http://www.state.gov/g/prm. offices in conjunction with the Office of Public Affairs The Bureau of Public Foreign Missions. Affairs (PA) supports U.S. foreign policy For further information, contact the Office of the goals and objectives, advances national Chief of Protocol. Phone, 202–647–1735. Fax, interests, and enhances National security 202–647–1560. Internet, http://www.state.gov/s/ cpr/. by informing and influencing domestic and global public opinion about Foreign Service To a great extent the American interaction with the rest of future of our country depends on the the world. In addition, PA works to help relations we have with other countries, Americans understand the importance and those relations are conducted of foreign affairs by conducting press principally by the U.S. Foreign Service. briefings for the domestic and foreign Trained representatives stationed press, pursuing media outreach by other worldwide provide the President and the means, arranging townhall meetings Secretary of State with much of the raw and community speakers, and preparing material from which foreign policy is historical studies on U.S. diplomacy and made and with the recommendations that foreign affairs matters. help shape it. For further information, contact the Bureau of Ambassadors are the personal Public Affairs. Phone, 202–647–6575. Internet, representatives of the President and http://www.state.gov/r/pa. report to the President through the Protocol The Chief of Protocol Secretary of State. Ambassadors have is the principal adviser to the U.S. full responsibility for implementation Government, the President, the Vice of U.S. foreign policy by any and all President, and the Secretary of State U.S. Government personnel within on matters of diplomatic procedure their country of assignment, except governed by law or international custom those under military commands. Their and practice. The Office is responsible responsibilities include negotiating for arranging visits of foreign chiefs of agreements between the United States state, heads of government, and other and the host country, explaining and high officials to the United States; disseminating official U.S. policy, and organizing credential presentations of maintaining cordial relations with that newly arrived Ambassadors, as presented country’s government and people. to the President and to the Secretary For a complete listing of Foreign of State; operating the President’s Service posts, including addresses, 276 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL telephone numbers, and key officials, use of State, P.O. Box 9115, Arlington, VA the link below. 22219. Phone, 703–516–1706. Fax, Internet, http://www.usembassy.gov/. 703–875–6085. Internet, http://www. state.gov/m/a/c8020.htm. The Bureau of Verification, Compliance, Diplomatic and Official Passports ​ and Implementation is responsible for Inquirers for these types of passports ensuring and verifying compliance should contact their respective travel with international arms control, offices. The U.S. Government only issues nonproliferation, and disarmament these types of passports to individuals agreements and commitments. The traveling abroad in connection with Bureau also leads negotiation and official employment. Additional implementation efforts with respect to information is available online at strategic arms control, most recently the Consular Affairs. Internet, http://travel. new START Treaty, and conventional state.gov. forces in Europe. The Bureau is the Electronic Access The Department’s principal policy representative to the Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of Public intelligence community with regard to Communication, coordinates the online verification and compliance matters, dissemination of public information. and uses this role to promote, preserve, The Department’s main Web site and and enhance key collection and the Secretary’s Web site (www.state. analytic capabilities and to ensure that gov/secretary/) provide comprehensive, intelligence verification, compliance, and up-to-date information on foreign implementation requirements are met. policy, support for U.S. businesses and The Bureau staffs and manages treaty careers, the counterterrorism rewards implementation commissions, creating program, and much more. The Bureau negotiation and implementation policy of Consular Affairs Web site (travel. for agreements and commitments, and state.gov) provides travel warnings and developing policy for future arms control, other information designed to help nonproliferation, and disarmament Americans travel safely abroad, as well arrangements. It also provides support as information on U.S. passports, visas, to arms control, nonproliferation, and downloadable applications. The and disarmament policymaking, State Department’s Virtual Reading including information technology Room (http://foia.state.gov/#0) uses support and secure government-to- new information technologies to enable government communication linkages access to unique historical records of with foreign treaty partners. The international significance, which have Bureau is also responsible for preparing been made available to the public under verifiability assessments on proposals the Freedom of Information Act or as a and agreements, and reporting these special collection. Internet, http://www. to Congress as required. The Bureau state.gov/r/pa/. also prepares the President’s Annual Employment Inquiries about Report to Congress on Adherence to employment in the Foreign Service and Compliance With Arms Control, should be directed to HR/REE, Room Nonproliferation, and Disarmament H–518, 2401 E Street NW., Washington, Agreements and Commitments, as well DC 20522. Phone, 202–261–8888. as the reports required by the Iran, North Information on civil service positions in Korea, and Syria Nonproliferation Act. the Department of State and copies of For further information, contact the Bureau of civil service job announcements can be Verification, Compliance, and Implementation. accessed online. Individual questions Phone, 202–647–5315. Fax, 202–647–1321. may be directed to [email protected]. Job information staff is also available to Sources of Information answer questions from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 Contracts General inquiries may be p.m. eastern time on Federal workdays. directed to the Office of Acquisitions Phone, 202–663–2176. Internet, http:// Management (A/LM/AQM), Department www.careers.state.gov. Department of State 277 Freedom of Information Act and Privacy (TDD/TTY: 888–874–7793). Passport Act Requests Requests from the public information is available 24 hours, 7 days for Department of State records should a week; customer service representatives be addressed to the Director, Office of are available weekdays, 8 a.m. to 10 Information Programs and Services, A/ p.m., eastern standard time, excluding GIS/IPS/RL, Department of State, SA–2, Federal holidays. Correspondence can Washington, DC 20522–8100. Additional be submitted electronically at http:// information is available online at the travel.state.gov/passport/about or can Virtual Reading Room or by contacting be directed to the appropriate regional the FOIA Requester Service Center at agency (http://travel.state.gov/passport/) 202–261–8484. Internet, http://foia.state. or the Correspondence Branch, Passport gov/Search/Search.aspx. Services, Room 510, 1111 Nineteenth International Adoptions Inquiries Street NW., Washington, DC 20524. regarding adoption of foreign children by Internet, http://travel.state.gov/content/ private U.S. citizens should be directed travel/english.html. to the Office of Children’s Issues, Bureau Publications Publications that are of Consular Affairs, Department of State, produced on a regular basis include SA–29, 2201 C Street NW., Washington, “Background Notes” and the “Foreign DC 20520–4818. Phone, 888–407–4747 Relations” series. The Bureau of Public or 202–501–4444 (international). Affairs also occasionally publishes Internet, http://adoption.state.gov. brochures and other publications to Missing Persons, Emergencies, and inform the public of U.S. diplomatic Deaths of Americans Abroad For efforts. Internet, http://www.state.gov/r/ information concerning missing persons, pa/ei/rls/dos/221.htm. emergencies, travel warnings, overseas Small Business Information Information voting, judicial assistance, and arrests or on doing business with the Department deaths of Americans abroad, contact the of State is available from the Office Office of American Citizens Services and of Small and Disadvantaged Business Crisis Management, Department of State. Utilization. The publication, “A Guide to Phone, 888–407–4747 or 202–501–4444 Doing Business With the Department of (international). Correspondence should State,” the current “Forecast of Contracting be directed to this address: Overseas Opportunities,” and small business links are Citizens Services, Bureau of Consular available online. Phone, 703–875–6822. Affairs, Department of State, SA–29, 2201 Internet, http://www.state.gov/s/dmr/sdbu/. C Street NW., Washington, DC 20520. Telephone Directory The Department’s Inquiries regarding international parental telephone directory can be accessed child abduction should be directed to online. Internet, http://www.state. the Office of Children’s Issues, Bureau gov/m/a/gps/directory/. of Consular Affairs, Department of State, Tips for U.S. Travelers Abroad ​ SA–29, 2201 C Street NW., Washington, Information for Americans on traveling DC 20520–4818. Phone, 888–407–4747 abroad, including a traveler’s checklist or 202–501–4444 (international). and tips on destinations, personal safety, Internet, http://travel.state.gov/content/ health, and other topics, is available passports/english/emergencies.html. online at the Bureau of Consular Affairs. Passports Passport information, Internet, http://travel.state.gov/content/ including where to apply, is available passports/english/go.html. online at the Bureau of Consular Visas For information on visas for Affairs. For passport questions, travel foreigners wishing to enter the United emergencies, or to make an appointment States, visit the Bureau of Consular Affairs at any regional passport agency, call the online or call 202–663–1225. Internet, National Passport Information Center http://travel.state.gov/content/visas/ at 887–4-USA–PPT (887–487–2778) english.html. For further information, contact the Office of Public Communication, Public Information Service, Bureau of Public Affairs, Department of State, Washington, DC 20520. Phone, 202–647–6575. Internet, http://www.state.gov. EDITORIAL NOTE: The Department of Transportation did not meet the publication deadline for submitting updated information of its activities, functions, and sources of information as required by the automatic disclosure provisions of the Freedom of Information Act (5 U.S.C. 552(a)(1)(A)).

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20590 Phone, 202–366–4000. Internet, http://www.dot.gov.

Secretary of Transportation Anthony R. Foxx Deputy Secretary Victor M. Mendez Under Secretary for Policy Peter M. Rogoff General Counsel Kathryn B. Thomson Assistant Secretary for Administration Brodi Fontenot Assistant Secretary for Aviation and Susan L. Kurland International Affairs Assistant Secretary for Budget and Programs Sylvia I. Garcia and Chief Financial Officer Assistant Secretary for Governmental Affairs Dana G. Gresham Assistant Secretary for Transportation Policy (vacancy) Chief of Staff Joan DeBoer Chief Information Officer Richard McKinney White House Liaison Nate Turnbull Director, Civil Rights Camille M. Hazeur Director, Drug and Alcohol Policy and Patrice M. Kelly Compliance Director, Executive Secretariat Carol C. Darr Director, Public Affairs Sasha J. Johnson Director, Small and Disadvantaged Business Brandon Neal Utilization Director, Intelligence, Security, and Emergency Michael W. Lowder Response Inspector General Calvin L. Scovel, III [For the Department of Transportation statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Part 1, Subpart A]

The Department of Transportation establishes national transportation policy for highway planning and construction, motor carrier safety, urban mass transit, railroads, aviation, and the safety of waterways, ports, highways, and pipelines.

The Department of Transportation (DOT) from eight other major departments and was established by act of October 15, agencies. 1966, as amended (49 U.S.C. 102 and Secretary The Department of 102 note), “to assure the coordinated, Transportation is administered by the effective administration of the Secretary of Transportation, who is the transportation programs of the Federal principal adviser to the President in all Government” and to develop “national matters relating to Federal transportation transportation policies and programs programs. conducive to the provision of fast, safe, Under Secretary The Under Secretary efficient, and convenient transportation for Policy serves as a principal policy at the lowest cost consistent therewith.” adviser to the Secretary and provides It became operational in April 1967 and leadership in policy development for the was comprised of elements transferred Department. 278 Department of Transportation 279 TION * A T CE A ARD BO SURF ANSPOR TR Y AR TION TION A AND A Y AIRS OF TR TR AFF SECRET AFET TERIALS S MA HAZARDOUS ANT PIPELINE OFFICE T ADMINIS ADMINIS PUBLIC FOR ASSIS TION A Y AL ARRIER TR C AFET Y S OR FEDER AL T AR MO ADMINIS AL OFFICER OF SECRET AIRS CHIEF TION GENER VERNMENT AFF ANT TION THE OFFICE AND T GO OR A TIVE A TR V FOR INFORMA ASSIS Y INNO AR INSPECT TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH ADMINIS POLICY Y SECRET AR TION FOR Y TION A AND A CHIEF T UNDER / OF TR OFFICER RESPONSE SECRET AMS SECURIT MARITIME BUDGET ANT OFFICE T ADMINIS AND INTELLIGENCE, FOR PROGR FINANCIAL Y ASSIS EMERGENCY AR Y ANSPOR AR Y TION A A WRENCE W TR SECRET A L Y T SEA SECRET OF CORPOR DEVELOPMENT AINT S Y DEPU AIRS AR TION AND AFF GED A OF AND TILIZA TION TION U SECRET A ANT AL V VIA TR TMENT TIONAL A AD ANSIT OFFICE ANT SMALL TR FEDER DIS AR FOR ASSIT BUSINESS ADMINIS INTERNA tation. DEP Y ranspor TION T Y Y A A AFET of AFF S AR TR T TION S CHIEF A TIONAL AFF T T Y tment HIGHW S OF NA OF T AFFIC SECRET OF TR ADMINIS RIGHTS Depar DEPU POLICY CHIEF ANSPOR ANT OFFICE T the CIVIL TR with TION FOR ASSIS A AD AL TR AILRO affiliated FEDER R ely ADMINIS T AL TIVE ARIA TION Y administrativ A A AL is TR d GENER COUNSEL EXECU SECRET FEDER HIGHW Boar ADMINIS tation TION ranspor T A AL TR TION face VIA A FEDER Sur ADMINIS The * 280 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Aviation and International Affairs Intelligence, Security, and The Office of the Assistant Secretary Emergency Response for Aviation and International The Office ensures development, Affairs has principal responsibility coordination, and execution of plans for the development, review, and and procedures for the Department of coordination of policy for international Transportation to balance transportation transportation, and for development, security requirements with safety, coordination, and implementation mobility, and economic needs of the of policy relating to economic Nation through effective intelligence, regulation of the airline industry. security, preparedness, and emergency The Office licenses U.S. and foreign response programs. The Office monitors carriers to serve in international air the Nation’s transportation network on a transportation and conducts carrier continuous basis; advises the Secretary fitness determinations for carriers on incidents affecting transportation serving the United States. The Office systems; provides leadership on also participates in negotiations national preparedness, response, with foreign governments to develop and transportation security matters; multilateral and bilateral aviation and briefs the Secretary on intelligence maritime policies on a wide range of relevant to the transportation sector; international transportation and trade performs DOT’s National Response matters and to coordinate cooperative Framework Emergency Support agreements for the exchange of Function responsibilities; coordinates scientific and technical information DOT participation in emergency between nations. In addition to preparedness and response exercises these responsibilities, the Office under the National Training and Exercise resolves complaints concerning unfair Program; administers DOT’s Continuity competitive practices in domestic of Government and Continuity of and international air transportation, Operations programs; and serves as establishes international and intra- the DOT representative for emergency Alaska mail rates, determines the planning for civil aviation support to disposition of requests for approval and NATO and other allies. immunization from the antitrust laws For further information, contact the Office of of international aviation agreements, Intelligence, Security, and Emergency Response. and administers the essential air service Phone, 202–366–6525. program. For further information, call 202–366–8822. Transportation Policy The Office of the Assistant Secretary Drug and Alcohol Policy and for Transportation Policy has principal Compliance responsibility for analysis, development, The Office ensures that the national articulation, and review of policies and and international drug and alcohol plans for all modes of transportation. policies and goals of the Secretary The Office develops, coordinates, and are developed and carried out in a evaluates public policy on safety, energy, consistent, efficient, and effective manner and environmental initiatives which within the transportation industries. affect air, surface, marine, and pipeline The Office provides expert advice, transportation and maintains policy counsel, and recommendations to the and economic oversight of regulatory Secretary regarding drugs and alcohol programs and legislative initiatives of the as they pertain to the Department of Department. The Office also analyzes the Transportation and testing within the economic and institutional implications transportation industry. of current and emerging transportation policy issues, transportation infrastructure For further information, contact the Office of finances, and new transportation Drug and Alcohol Policy and Compliance. Phone, 202–366–3784. technologies. Department of Transportation 281 For further information, contact the Office of Films Many films on transportation Transportation Policy. Phone, 202–366–4416. subjects are available for use by educational institutions, community Sources of Information groups, private organizations, etc. Inquiries for information on the Requests for specific films relating to a following subjects should be directed particular mode of transportation may to the specified office, Department of be directed to the appropriate operating Transportation, Washington, DC 20590, administration. or to the address indicated. Fraud, Waste, and Abuse To report, Civil Rights For information on contact the Office of Inspector General equal employment opportunity, hotline, P.O. Box 23178, Washington, nondiscrimination in DOT employment DC 20026–0178. Phone, 202–366–1461 and transportation services, or DOT’s or 800–424–9071. Disadvantaged Business Enterprise Publications The Department and its certification appeals program, contact operating agencies issue publications the Director, Departmental Office of Civil on a wide variety of subjects. Many of Rights. Phone, 202–366–4648. Internet, these publications are available from http://www.dot.gov/ost/docr. the issuing agency or for sale from the Consumer Activities For information Government Printing Office and the about air travelers’ rights or for assistance National Technical Information Service, in resolving consumer problems 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA with providers of commercial air 22151. Contact the Department or the transportation services, contact the specific agency at the addresses indicated Consumer Affairs Division (phone, in the text. 202–366–2220). To report vehicle safety Reading Rooms Contact the problems, obtain information on motor Department of Transportation Dockets, vehicle and highway safety, or to request W12–140, 1200 New Jersey, SE., consumer information publications, Washington, DC 20590. Phone, 800– call the National Highway Traffic Safety 647–5527. Administrations and their Administration’s 24-hour auto safety regional offices maintain reading rooms hotline. Phone, 202–366–0123 or for public use. Contact the specific 800–424–9393. administration at the address indicated Contracts Contact the Office of the in the text. Other reading rooms include: Senior Procurement Executive. Phone, Department of Transportation Library, 202–366–4263. Room 2200, 1200 New Jersey Avenue Employment The principal SE., Washington, DC 20590. Phone, 202– occupations in the Department are 366–0745. Department of Transportation air traffic controller, aviation safety Law Library, Room W12–300, 1200 specialist, electronics maintenance New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC technician, engineer (civil, aeronautical, 20590. Phone, 202–366–0746. automotive, electrical, highway, and Speakers The Department of general), administrative/management, Transportation and its operating and clerical. For further information, administrations and regional offices make contact the Transportation Administrative speakers available for civic, labor, and Service Center DOT Connection, Room community groups. Contact the specific PL–402, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., agency or the nearest regional office at Washington, DC 20590. Phone, 202– the address indicated in the text. 366–9391 or 800–525–2878. Surface Transportation Board Environment Inquiries on Proceedings and Public Records ​ environmental activities and programs Requests for public assistance with should be directed to the Assistant pending or potential proceedings of the Secretary for Transportation Policy, Office Board should be addressed to the Office of Transportation Policy Development, of Public Assistance, Governmental Washington, DC 20590. Phone, 202– Affairs, and Compliance, Surface 366–4416. Transportation Board, 395 E Street SW., 282 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Washington, DC 20423–0001. Phone, Telephone Directory The Department 202–245–0238. Requests for access of Transportation telephone directory is to the Board’s public records should available for sale by the Superintendent be made to the Office of the Secretary, of Documents, Government Printing Surface Transportation Board, 395 E Office, Washington, DC 20402. Street SW., Washington, DC 20423– 0001. Phone, 202–245–0232. For further information concerning the Department of Transportation, contact the Office of Public Affairs, Department of Transportation, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20590. Phone, 202–366–5580. Internet, http://www.dot.gov.

Federal Aviation Administration 800 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20591 Phone, 202–366–4000; 866–835–5322. Internet, http://www.faa.gov.

Administrator Michael P. Huerta Deputy Administrator Michael G. Whitaker Chief of Staff Sasha J. Johnson Chief Counsel (vacancy) Chief Operating Officer, Air Traffic Teri Bristol Organization Assistant Administrator for Civil Rights Mamie Mallory and Wilbur Barham Assistant Administrator for Finance and Victoria B. Wassmer Management Assistant Administrator for Government and Roderick D. Hall Industry Assistant Administrator for Human Resource Carrolyn J. Bostick Management Assistant Administrator for Policy, International Carl Burleson Affairs and Environment Assistant Administrator for Communications Kristie M. Greco Assistant Administrator for Security and Claudio Manno Hazardous Materials Associate Administrator for Airports (vacancy) Associate Administrator for Aviation Safety Margaret M. Gilligan Associate Administrator for Commercial Space George C. Nield Transportation

The Federal Aviation Administration to aviation safety and the National (FAA), formerly the Federal Aviation Airspace System. Agency, was established by the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 (72 Stat. 731). Activities The agency became a component of Air Navigation Facilities The agency is the Department of Transportation in responsible for the location, construction 1967 pursuant to the Department of or installation, maintenance, operation, Transportation Act (49 U.S.C. 106). The and quality assurance of Federal visual mission of the FAA is to regulate civil and electronic aids to air navigation. aviation and U.S. commercial space The agency operates and maintains transportation, maintain and operate air voice/data communications equipment, traffic control and navigation systems radar facilities, computer systems, and for both civil and military aircraft, and visual display equipment at flight service develop and administer programs relating stations, airport traffic control towers, and air route traffic control centers. Department of Transportation 283 Airport Programs The agency maintains requirements for the protection of persons a national plan of airport requirements, and property and ensures that space administers a grant program for transportation activities comply with U.S. development of public use airports to domestic and foreign policy. assure and improve safety and to meet Registration The agency provides current and future airport capacity needs, a system for registering aircraft and evaluates the environmental impacts of recording documents affecting title or airport development, and administers interest in the aircraft, aircraft engines, an airport noise compatibility program propellers, appliances, and spare parts. with the goal of reducing noncompatible Research, Engineering, and Development ​ uses around airports. It also develops The research, engineering, and standards and technical guidance on development activities of the agency are airport planning, design, safety, and directed toward providing the systems, operations and provides grants to assist procedures, facilities, and devices needed public agencies in airport system and for a safe and efficient system of air master planning and airport development navigation and air traffic control to meet and improvement. the needs of civil aviation and the air Airspace and Air Traffic Management ​ defense system. The agency also performs The safe and efficient utilization of the an aeromedical research function to navigable airspace is a primary objective apply knowledge gained from its research of the agency. To meet this objective, program and the work of others to the it operates a network of airport traffic safety and promotion of civil aviation control towers, air route traffic control and the health, safety, and efficiency centers, and flight service stations. It of agency employees. The agency also develops air traffic rules and regulations supports development and testing of and allocates the use of the airspace. improved aircraft, engines, propellers, It also provides for the security control and appliances. of air traffic to meet national defense Safety Regulation The Administration requirements. issues and enforces rules, regulations, Civil Aviation Abroad Under the and minimum standards relating Federal Aviation Act of 1958 and the to the manufacture, operation, and International Aviation Facilities Act (49 maintenance of aircraft, as well as U.S.C. app. 1151), the agency encourages the rating and certification (including aviation safety and civil aviation abroad medical) of airmen and the certification by exchanging aeronautical information of airports serving air carriers. It performs with foreign aviation authorities; flight inspection of air navigation facilities certifying foreign repair stations, airmen, in the United States and, as required, and mechanics; negotiating bilateral abroad. airworthiness agreements to facilitate Test and Evaluation The agency the import and export of aircraft and conducts tests and evaluations of components; and providing technical specified items such as aviation systems, assistance and training in all areas subsystems, equipment, devices, of the agency’s expertise. It provides materials, concepts, or procedures at any technical representation at international phase in the cycle of their development conferences, including participation from conception to acceptance and in the International Civil Aviation implementation, as well as assigned Organization and other international independent testing at key decision organizations. points. Commercial Space Transportation The Other Programs The agency agency regulates and encourages the U.S. administers the aviation insurance commercial space transportation industry. program under the defense materials It licenses the private sector launching system with respect to priorities and of space payloads on expendable allocation for civil aircraft and civil launch vehicles and commercial space aviation operations. The agency develops launch facilities. It also sets insurance specifications for the preparation of 284 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL aeronautical charts. It publishes current and maintenance of the Department of information on airways and airport Transportation automated payroll and service and issues technical publications personnel systems. for the improvement of safety in flight, For a complete list of Federal Aviation airport planning and design, and other Administration field offices, go to www. aeronautical activities. It serves as the faa.gov. executive administration for the operation For further information, contact the Office of Communications, Federal Aviation Administration, Department of Transportation, 800 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20591. Phone, 202–267–3883. Fax, 202–267–5039. Internet, http://www.faa.gov.

Federal Highway Administration 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20590 Phone, 202–366–0650. Internet, http://www.fhwa.dot.gov.

Administrator Victor M. Mendez Deputy Administrator Gregory G. Nadeau Executive Director Jeffrey F. Paniati Chief Counsel (vacancy) Chief Financial Officer Elissa K. Konove Associate Administrator for Administration Sarah J. Shores Associate Administrator for Civil Rights Warren S. Whitlock Associate Administrator for Federal Lands Joyce A. Curtis Highway Associate Administrator for Infrastructure Walter C. “Butch” Waidelich, Jr. Associate Administrator for Operations Jeffrey A. Lindley Associate Administrator for Planning, Gloria M. Shepherd Environment, and Realty Associate Administrator for Policy and David Kim Governmental Affairs Associate Administrator for Public Affairs (vacancy) Associate Administrator for Research, Michael F. Trentacoste Development, and Technology Associate Administrator for Safety Anthony T. Furst

The Federal Highway Administration defense and mobility. The FHWA (FHWA) was established as an agency works to improve highway safety and of the Department of Transportation by minimize traffic congestion on these the Department of Transportation Act (49 and other key facilities. The FHWA U.S.C. 104). Title 23 of the United States bears the responsibility of ensuring that Code and other supporting legislation America’s roads and highways remain authorize the Administration’s various safe, technologically up-to-date, and activities. environmentally friendly. FHWA’s mission is to improve mobility Through surface transportation on our Nation’s highways through programs, innovative and traditional national leadership, innovation, and financing mechanisms, and new types of program delivery. The Administration pavement and operational technology, works with Federal, State, and local FHWA increases the efficiency by which agencies as well as other stakeholders people and goods move throughout the and partners to preserve and improve Nation. The Administration also works the National Highway System, which to improve the efficiency of highway includes the Interstate System and and road connections to other modes of other roads of importance for national transportation. The Federal-aid Highway Department of Transportation 285 Program’s budget is primarily divided Federal Lands Highway Program The between Federal-aid funding and the Federal Lands Highway Program (FLHP) Federal Lands Highway Program. funds and gives technical assistance to a coordinated program of public roads Programs servicing the transportation needs of Federal-aid Highway Program FHWA Federal and Indian lands. The Program manages the Federal-aid Highway provides funding for public roads and Program, which provides financial highways on Federal and tribal lands and technical assistance to States for that are not a State or local government constructing and improving the Nation’s responsibility. The planning, construction, transportation infrastructure. The program and improvement of highways and includes the provision of engineering bridges in national forests and parks, standards and policies, technical other federally owned land, and tribal expertise, and other assistance related to lands benefit from FLHP funding. the maintenance of highways, rural and urban roads, bridges, tunnels, hydraulic/ Field and Division Offices geotechnical structures, and other The FHWA consists of a Headquarters engineering activities. Projects associated office in Washington, DC; a Federal- with the Federal-aid highway program aid division office in each State, the include the National Highway System, District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico; Surface Transportation Program, Highway four metropolitan offices in New York Bridge Program, Congestion Mitigation City, Philadelphia, Chicago, and Los and Air Quality Improvement Program, Angeles serving as extensions of the Intelligent Transportation Systems corresponding Federal-aid division Program, Transportation Infrastructure offices; and three Federal Lands Highway Finance and Innovation Act Program, division offices. the Emergency Relief Program, and the A complete list of FHWA field and Federal Lands Highway Program. division offices is available online. Internet, http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/about/field.cfm. For further information, contact the Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Office of Information and Management Services, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE., Washington, DC 20590. Phone, 202–366–0534. Internet, http://www.fhwa.dot.gov.

Federal Railroad Administration 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE., West Bldg., Washington, DC 20590 Phone, 202–493–6014. Internet, http://www.fra.dot.gov.

Administrator Joseph C. Szabo Deputy Administrator Karen J. Hedlund Chief Counsel Melissa L. Porter Executive Director Stacy Cummings Chief Financial Officer Rebecca Pennington Associate Administrator for Administration Michael Logue Associate Administrator for Railroad Policy and Paul Nissenbaum Development Associate Administrator for Railroad Safety/ Robert C. Lauby Chief Safety Officer Associate Administrator for Communications Kevin F. Thompson and Legislative Affairs Associate Director of Congressional Affairs Nathan J. Robinson Director, Public Engagement Timothy Barkley Director, Office of Civil Rights Calvin Gibson 286 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL The Federal Railroad Administration equipment, facilities, and records are was created pursuant to section 3(e)(1) inspected and required reports reviewed. of the Department of Transportation Act In addition, the Administration educates of 1966 (49 U.S.C. 103). The purpose of the public about safety at highway- the Administration is to promulgate and rail grade crossings and the danger of enforce rail safety regulations, administer trespassing on rail property. railroad financial assistance programs, Research and Development The conduct research and development Administration’s ground transportation in support of improved railroad safety research and development program and national rail transportation policy, seeks to advance all aspects of intercity provide for the rehabilitation of Northeast ground transportation and railroad safety Corridor rail passenger service, and pertaining to the physical sciences and consolidate government support of rail engineering, in order to improve railroad transportation activities. safety and ensure that railroads continue to be a viable national transportation Activities resource. Passenger and Freight Services The Transportation Test Center The Administration oversees and provides Administration tests and evaluates financial assistance to Amtrak and conventional and advanced railroad administers financial assistance systems and components at the programs to demonstrate high-speed rail Transportation Test Center near Pueblo, technology, to reduce grade crossing CO. Private sector companies and the hazards in high-speed rail corridors, to Governments of the United States, provide for investments in small freight Canada, and Japan use the facility to railroads and other rail projects, to explore the operation of conventional plan for high-speed rail projects, and and advanced systems under controlled to plan and deploy magnetic levitation conditions. It is used by Amtrak for the technology. testing of new high-speed locomotives Railroad Safety The Administration and trains and by the Federal Transit administers and enforces the Federal Administration for testing urban rapid laws and related regulations designed transit vehicles. to promote safety on railroads; exercises For further information, contact the Transportation jurisdiction over all areas of rail safety Technology Center, Pueblo, CO 81001. Phone, 719–584–0507. under the Rail Safety Act of 1970, such as track maintenance, inspection standards, For a complete list of Federal Railroad equipment standards, and operating Administration regional offices, go to practices. Railroad and related industry http://www.fra.dot.gov. For further information, contact the Office of Public Affairs, Federal Railroad Administration, Department of Transportation, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20590. Phone, 202–493–6024. Internet, http://www.fra.dot.gov.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20590 Phone, 202–366–9550; 888–327–4236. Internet, http://www.nhtsa.gov.

Administrator (vacancy) Deputy Administrator David J. Friedman Director of Communications Nathan Taylor Chief Counsel O. Kevin Vincent Director, Office of Civil Rights Regina Morgan Director, Office of Governmental Affairs, Policy (vacancy) and Strategic Planning Department of Transportation 287

Senior Associate Administrator for Policy and (vacancy) Operations Supervisor, Executive Secretariat Julie Korkor Director, Office of Human Resources Darlene Peoples Associate Administrator for Planning, Mary Sprague Administrative, and Financial Management Associate Administrator, Communications and Susan Gorcowski Consumer Information Chief Information Officer Colleen Coggins Senior Associate Administrator for Traffic Injury Brian M. McLaughlin Control Associate Administrator for Research and Jeffrey P. Michael Program Development Associate Administrator for Regional Operations Maggi D. Gunnels and Program Delivery Senior Associate Administrator for Vehicle Daniel C. Smith Safety Associate Administrator for Rulemaking (vacancy) Associate Administrator for Enforcement Nancy L. Lewis Associate Administrator for Vehicle Safety Nathaniel Beuse Research Associate Administrator, National Center for Terry T. Shelton Statistics and Analysis

[For the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Part 501] The National Highway Traffic Safety economic losses in motor vehicle crashes Administration (NHTSA) was established and repairs; performs studies, conducts by the Highway Safety Act of 1970 (23 demonstration projects, issues regulations U.S.C. 401 note) to help reduce the requiring manufacturers to provide motor number of deaths, injuries, and economic vehicle consumer information to vehicle losses resulting from motor vehicle purchasers and promotes programs crashes on the Nation’s highways. to reduce impaired driving, increase The Administration carries out seat belt use, and reduce risky driver programs relating to the safety behaviors; and issues theft prevention performance of motor vehicles and standards for passenger motor vehicles. related equipment; administers the State and community highway safety program Activities with the FHWA; regulates the Corporate Research and Program Development ​ Average Fuel Economy program; issues The Administration provides a foundation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards for the development of motor vehicle (FMVSS) that prescribe safety features and and highway safety program standards levels of safety-related performance for by analyzing data and researching, vehicles and vehicular equipment; rates developing, testing, and evaluating motor the safety of passenger vehicles in the vehicles, motor vehicle equipment, and New Car Assessment Program; monitors advanced technologies, and collecting and participates in international vehicle and analyzing crash data. The research safety forums to harmonize the FMVSS program covers numerous areas affecting where appropriate; investigates and safety and includes laboratory-testing prosecutes odometer fraud; carries out facilities to obtain necessary basic data. the National Driver Register Program to NHTSA strives to encourage industry to facilitate the exchange of State records adopt advanced motor vehicle safety on problem drivers; conducts studies and designs, elevate public awareness of operates programs aimed at reducing 288 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL safety potentials, and provide a base for truck manufacturers. The Administration vehicle safety information. also carries out an antitheft program, Regional Operations and Program which includes issuing rules requiring Delivery The Administration that certain passenger motor vehicles administers State highway safety meet parts-marking requirements, the grant programs, authorized by the designation of likely high-theft truck lines Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient and calculating and publishing annual Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy motor vehicle theft rates. for Users. The Highway Safety formula Enforcement NHTSA’s Office of grant program provides funds to the Enforcement assures that all new States, Indian nations, and the territories vehicles sold in the U.S. meet applicable each year to support safety programs, Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards particularly in the following national (FMVSS). Under its compliance program, priority areas: occupant protection, the Office conducts random tests and impaired driving, police traffic services, collects consumer complaints to identify emergency medical services, data/traffic and investigate problems with motor records, motorcycle safety, pedestrian vehicles and vehicular equipment. If and bicycle safety, speed control, and a vehicle or equipment suffers from a roadway safety. Incentive grants are also safety-related defect or does not meet used to encourage States to implement all applicable FMVSS, the Office seeks a effective impaired driving, occupant recall under which manufacturers must protection, motorcycle safety, and data notify owners and remedy the defect improvement programs. free of charge. The Office then monitors Rulemaking The Administration recalls to ensure that owners are notified issues Federal Motor Vehicle Safety in a timely manner and that the scope of Standards that prescribe safety features the recall and the remedy are adequate and levels of safety-related performance to correct the defect. The Office also for vehicles and vehicular equipment. assures that all motor vehicles subject The Administration participates in the to the CAFE regulations meet their United Nations World Forum for the respective CAFE targets, and it enforces Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations violations of Federal odometer fraud (WP.29) to improve, update, and regulations through criminal prosecution harmonize its standards. It also conducts of offenders. the New Car Assessment Program and National Center for Statistics and the Governments Five Star Safety Rating Analysis The Administration maintains Program, under which child seats, a collection of scientific and technical passenger cars, light trucks, and vans are information related to motor vehicle subjected to a variety of assessments to safety and operates the National Center evaluate their safety performance. These for Statistics and Analysis, whose assessments are highly publicized and activities include the development and the vehicle star ratings are required to maintenance of national highway-crash be placed on a new vehicles price label. data collection systems and related Consumers use this information to make statistical and economic analysis efforts. more informed decisions about how These comprehensive motor vehicle vehicles can keep them from getting in safety information resources serve as a crash and how well they would be documentary reference points for Federal, protected if they were in a crash. The State, and local agencies, as well as Administration educates consumers industry, universities, and the public. on topics such as distracted driving, as Communications and Consumer well as the proper use of vehicle safety Information The Administration features and child seats. To promote develops, directs, and implements maximum feasible fuel economy, it communication strategies based on manages a program establishing and NHTSA policy and programs, including revising fleet average fuel economy campaigns to support high visibility standards for passenger car and light enforcement efforts such as “Click It or Department of Transportation 289 Ticket” and “Drive Sober or Get Pulled holidays. Consumers can also reach the Over.” It also promotes safety messages hotline via the Internet at www.nhtsa.dot. for NHTSA vehicle-related issues. The gov/hotline. These calls form the basis Office also manages all NHTSA Web for investigations and, ultimately, recalls sites and the toll-free Motor Vehicle Auto if safety-related defects are identified. Safety Hotline to identify safety problems The hotline and the Web sites provide in motor vehicles and equipment. information to consumers about vehicle Consumers can call the hotline (phone, and child seat recalls, crash test results, 888–327–4236; TDD, 800–424–9153 and a variety of other highway safety or 202–366–7800 in the Washington, information. DC, area) to report safety-related For a complete list of National problems. English- and Spanish-speaking Highway Traffic Safety Administration representatives are available between 8 Regional Offices, go to www.nhtsa.dot. a.m. and 10 p.m. eastern standard time, gov/nhtsa/whatis/regions. Monday through Friday, except Federal For further information, contact the Office of Communications and Consumer Information, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Department of Transportation, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20590. Phone, 202–366–9550. Internet, http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov.

Federal Transit Administration 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20590 Phone, 202–366–4043. Internet, http://www.fta.dot.gov.

Administrator Peter M. Rogoff Deputy Administrator Therese M. McMillan Executive Director Matthew J. Welbes Associate Administrator for Administration Matthew M. Crouch Associate Administrator for Budget and Policy Robert J. Tuccillo Associate Administrator for Communications Brian D. Farber and Congressional Affairs Associate Administrator for Planning Lucy Garliauskas Associate Administrator for Program Henrika Buchanan-Smith Management Associate Administrator for Research, Vincent Valdes Demonstration, and Innovation Chief Counsel Dorval R. Carter, Jr. Director, Office of Civil Rights Linda C. Ford, Acting [For the Federal Transit Administration statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Part 601]

The Federal Transit Administration (FTA) transportation systems and carry out (formerly the Urban Mass Transportation national transit goals and policy. Administration) was established as an operating administration of the U.S. Programs Department of Transportation by section Alternatives Analysis This program 1 of Reorganization Plan No. 2 of provides grants to assist identifying 1968 (5 U.S.C. app. 1), effective July public transportation needs and the costs 1, 1968. FTA’s mission is to improve and benefits of various transportation public transportation for America’s strategies for a defined travel corridor. communities by assisting in developing The results of such studies may be improved public transportation and the selection of a locally preferred providing financial assistance to State transportation alternative, which is the and local governments to finance public 290 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL first step in the process of developing Elderly and Persons With Disabilities ​ viable projects for possible future funding The program provides financial assistance under the New Starts and Small Starts to private nonprofit agencies to meet the program. transportation needs of elderly persons For further information, call 202–366– and persons with disabilities where 2053. Internet, http://www.fta.dot.gov/ services provided by public operators are grants/13094_7395.html. unavailable, insufficient, or inappropriate; Capital Investment This program assists to public bodies approved by the State in financing the acquisition, construction, to coordinate services for elderly persons reconstruction, and improvement of or persons with disabilities; or to public facilities and equipment for use in public bodies which certify to the Governor that transportation service in urban areas. no nonprofit corporation or association is There are three categories of funds readily available in an area to provide the available under the Capital Investment service. Funds are allocated by formula program: Fixed Guideway Modernization to the States. Local organizations apply funds for rolling stock renewal, safety- for funding through a designated State related improvements, and signal and agency. power modernization; New Starts and For further information, call 202–366– Small Starts funds for construction of new 2053. Internet, http://www.fta.dot.gov/ grants/13093_3556.html. fixed guideway systems or extensions to existing fixed guideway systems or Job Access and Reverse Commute corridor based rapid bus systems; and Grants This program makes funding Bus and Bus Facilities funds for the available to public agencies and acquisition of buses and rolling stock, nonprofit organizations to pay the ancillary equipment, and the construction capital and operating costs of delivering of bus facilities. new or expanded job access or reverse For further information, call 202–366– commute services and to promote the 2053. Internet, http://www.fta.dot.gov/ use of transit during nontraditional work grants/13093_3558.html (Fixed Guideway hours, as well as encourage employer- Modernization grants), http://www.fta.dot. based transportation strategies. The gov/grants/13094_3559.html (New Starts and Small Starts), and http://www.fta.dot.gov/ program provides funding for job access grants/13094_3557.html (Bus and Bus Facilities). projects implementing new or expanded transportation services for transporting Clean Fuels Grant Program This welfare recipients and low-income program was developed to assist persons to and from jobs and needed nonattainment and maintenance areas employment support services such as in achieving or maintaining the National child care and reverse commute projects Ambient Air Quality Standards for implementing new or expanded general ozone and carbon monoxide (CO), purpose public transportation services to and it supports emerging clean fuel transport residents of urban, rural, and and advanced propulsion technologies suburban areas to suburban employment for transit buses and markets for those centers. technologies. Program funding is used for purchasing or leasing clean fuel buses, For further information, call 202–366–0176. Internet, http://www.fta.dot.gov/funding/grants. including buses that employ a lightweight composite primary structure and vans for New Freedom This program makes use in revenue service; constructing or capital and operating funding available leasing clean fuel bus facilities (including to support new public transportation electrical recharging facilities and related services that go beyond the requirements equipment); and projects relating to clean of the Americans with Disabilities Act fuel, biodiesel, hybrid electric, or zero (ADA) of 1990. Funding is available for emissions technology buses. private nonprofit organizations, State For more information, call 202–366–2053. Internet, and local governmental authorities, and http://www.fta.dot.gov/cleanfuels. operators of public transportation services including private operators of public Department of Transportation 291 transportation services. Eligible projects Paul S. Sarbanes Transit in Parks ​ must be targeted toward individuals This program provides funding for with disabilities and meet the intent of alternative transportation projects in the program by removing barriers to and around National Parks and other transportation and assisting persons with Federal recreation areas. Alternative disabilities with transportation, including transportation includes visitor shuttle transportation to and from jobs and bus systems, bicycle and pedestrian employment services. trails, ferries, and other forms of public For further information, call 202–366– or nonmotorized transportation. Projects 2053. Internet, http://www.fta.dot.gov/ funded through this program reduce grants/13093_3549.html. congestion, protect sensitive natural and Non-Urbanized Area Assistance This cultural treasures, and enhance the visitor program provides funds for public experience. Funding is awarded through transportation in areas outside urbanized a competitive process to units of Federal areas by formula to the States. Funding land management agencies and to State, may be used for capital, operating, local and tribal government agencies. and administrative expenses for public For further information, call 202–366–2053. transportation projects that meet the Internet, http://www.fta.dot.gov/transitinparks. needs of rural communities, and 15 Research and Technology This program percent of annual funds may be used for seeks to improve public transportation intercity bus service. for America’s communities by delivering For further information, call 202–366– research products and services that 2053. Internet, http://www.fta.dot.gov/ assist transit agencies to improve their grants/13093_3555.html. systems. Under this program, FTA Over-the-Road Bus Program This partners with the transportation industry program makes funds available to to undertake research, development, and private operators of over-the-road buses demonstration projects that will improve to finance the incremental capital and the safety, quality, efficiency, reliability, training costs of complying with DOT’s cost-effectiveness, and environmental over-the-road bus accessibility regulation. performance of public transportation in Accessibility projects improve mobility America and that leads to increases in for individuals with disabilities by transit ridership. providing financial assistance to help Transit research and technology make vehicles accessible and provide efforts are undertaken with both public sensitivity and equipment training to and private research organizations, drivers and other personnel. universities, transit providers, and industry suppliers and manufacturers. For further information, call 202–366– 2053. Internet, http://www.fta.dot.gov/ Projects include: research on the state of grants/13094_11856.html. the transit industry; public transportation services, management, and operational Planning This program provides practices; asset management and financial assistance in meeting the maintenance research; advanced transportation planning needs of technologies that improve bus and metropolitan planning organizations rail services; standards development; by allocating funds to States, which, in bus rapid transit research; advanced turn, are allocated to the metropolitan propulsion systems, including fuel- planning organizations. Assistance cell-powered transit buses; research to is available for transportation improve energy efficiency and reduce planning, technical assistance studies, emissions; and international activities that demonstrations, management training, promote American transit products and and cooperative research. services overseas. For further information, call 202–366–4033. For further information, call 202–366–4052. Internet, http://www.fta.dot.gov/12347_4160.html. Internet, http://www.fta.dot.gov/research. 292 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Rural Transportation Assistance This and sponsorship of safety and security program allocates funds annually to the planning, training, information collection States to provide assistance for transit and analysis, drug control programs, research, technical assistance, training, system/safety assurance reviews, and related support activities for transit generic research, and other cooperative providers serving nonurbanized areas. government/industry activities. Additional funds are used at the national For further information, call 202–366–4020. level to develop training materials, Internet, http://www.fta.dot.gov/about/12419.html. develop and maintain a national clearinghouse on rural transit activities Training and Technical Assistance ​ and information, and provide technical Through the National Transit Institute assistance through peer practitioners (NTI), FTA develops and offers training to promote exemplary techniques and courses for improving transit planning, practices. operations, workforce performance, and productivity. NTI courses are conducted For further information, call 202–366– at sites across the United States on a 2053. Internet, http://www.fta.dot.gov/ grants/13093_3554.html. wide variety of subjects, ranging from multimodal planning to management Safety FTA’s safety program supports development, third-party contracting, State and local agencies in fulfilling safety, and security. Current NTI course their responsibility for the safety of offerings are available online at www. public transportation facilities and ntionline.com. services, through the encouragement For further information, call 202–366–6635. For further information, contact the Office of Communications and Congressional Affairs, Federal Transit Administration, Department of Transportation, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20590. Phone, 202–366–4043. Internet, http://www.fta.dot.gov.

Maritime Administration 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20590 Phone, 202–366–5807; 800–996–2723. Internet, http://www.marad.dot.gov.

Administrator Paul N. Jaenichen Deputy Administrator Paul N. Jaenichen Executive Director Joel Szabat Assistant Administrator (vacancy) Associate Administrator for Administration/ Keith Washington, Acting Chief Information Officer Associate Administrator for National Security Kevin M. Tokarski Associate Administrator for Intermodal Systems H. Keith Lesnick Development Associate Administrator for Environment and John P. Quinn Compliance Associate Administrator for Business and George M. Zoukee Workforce Development Associate Administrator for Budget and Lydia Moschkin Programs/Chief Financial Officer Chief Counsel Franklin R. Parker Director of Congressional and Public Affairs Michael Novak Director of Civil Rights Pattie Tom Secretary, Maritime Subsidy Board Julie P. Agarwal Superintendent, United States Merchant Marine James A. Helis, USMS Academy Department of Transportation 293 The Maritime Administration was hostile action if domestic commercial established by Reorganization Plan insurance is not available. No. 21 of 1950 (5 U.S.C. app.). The Under emergency conditions the Maritime Act of 1981 (46 U.S.C. 1601) Maritime Administration charters transferred the Maritime Administration Government-owned ships to U.S. to the Department of Transportation. The operators, requisitions or procures ships Administration manages programs to owned by U.S. citizens, and allocates aid in the development, promotion, and them to meet defense needs. operation of the U.S. merchant marine. It maintains a national defense reserve It is also charged with organizing and fleet of Government-owned ships that directing emergency merchant ship it operates through ship managers operations. and general agents when required in The Maritime Administration national defense interests. An element of administers subsidy programs to pay this activity is the Ready Reserve force the difference between certain costs of consisting of a number of ships available operating ships under the U.S. flag and for quick-response activation. foreign competitive flags on essential The Administration regulates sales to services, and the difference between aliens and transfers to foreign registry the costs of constructing ships in U.S. of ships that are fully or partially and foreign shipyards. It provides owned by U.S. citizens. It also disposes financing guarantees for the construction, of Government-owned ships found reconstruction, and reconditioning of nonessential for national defense. ships; and enters into capital construction The Administration operates the U.S. fund agreements that grant tax deferrals Merchant Marine Academy, Kings Point, on moneys to be used for the acquisition, NY, where young people are trained construction, or reconstruction of ships. to become merchant marine officers, The Administration constructs or and conducts training in shipboard supervises the construction of merchant- firefighting at Toledo, OH. It also type ships for the Federal Government. administers a Federal assistance program It helps industry generate increased for the maritime academies operated business for U.S. ships and conducts by the States of California, Maine, programs to develop ports, facilities, and Massachusetts, Michigan, New York, and intermodal transport, and to promote Texas. domestic shipping. For a complete list of Maritime It conducts program and technical Administration offices, go to www.marad. studies and administers a war risk dot.gov/about_us_landing_page/gateway_ insurance program that insures operators offices/Gateway_Presence.htm. and seamen against losses caused by For further information, contact the Office of Congressional and Public Affairs, Maritime Administration, Department of Transportation, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20590. Phone, 202–366–5807 or 800–996–2723. Internet, http://www.marad.dot.gov.

Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation 55 M Street, SE., Suite 930, Washington, DC 20003. Phone, 202–366–0091; 800–785–2779. Fax, 202–366–7147. Internet, http://www.seaway.dot.gov. Mailing address, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE., Washington, DC 20590. Operations address, 180 Andrews Street, Massena, NY 13662 Phone, 315–764–3200. Fax, 315–764–3235.

Washington, DC Administrator Craig H. Middlebrook, Acting Deputy Administrator Craig H. Middlebrook Senior Advisor to the Administrator Anita K. Blackman 294 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Washington, DC Chief Counsel Carrie Mann-Lavigne Director of Budget and Programs Kevin P. O’Malley Director of Congressional Affairs and Public Nancy T. Alcalde Relations Director of Trade Development Rebecca A. Spruill Massena, NY Associate Administrator Salvatore L. Pisani Deputy Associate Administrator Carol A. Fenton Chief Counsel Carrie Mann-Lavigne Chief Financial Officer Marsha S. Sienkiewicz Human Resources Officer Julie A. Kuenzler Director of Engineering and Maintenance Thomas A. Lavigne Director of Lock Operations and Marine Lori K. Curran Services

The Saint Lawrence Seaway regulations, overall operations, vessel Development Corporation was inspections, traffic control, navigation established by the Saint Lawrence aids, safety, operating dates, and trade Seaway Act of May 13, 1954 (33 U.S.C. development programs. 981–990) and became an operating The Great Lakes/Saint Lawrence administration of the Department of Seaway System extends from the Atlantic Transportation in 1966. Ocean to the Lake Superior ports of The Corporation, working Duluth/Superior, a distance of 2,342 cooperatively with the Saint Lawrence miles. The Corporation’s main customers Seaway Management Corporation are vessel owners and operators, Midwest (SLSMC) of Canada, is dedicated to States and Canadian provinces, Great operating and maintaining a safe, Lakes port communities, shippers and reliable, and efficient deep draft receivers of domestic and international waterway between the Great Lakes cargo, and the Great Lakes/Saint and the Atlantic Ocean. It ensures Lawrence Seaway Systems maritime and the safe transit of commercial and related service industries. International noncommercial vessels through the two and domestic commerce through the U.S. locks and the navigation channels Seaway contributes to the economic of the Saint Lawrence Seaway System. prosperity of the entire Great Lakes The Corporation works jointly with region. SLSMC on all matters related to rules and For further information, contact the Director of Congressional and Public Relations, Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation, U.S. Department of Transportation, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20590. Phone, 202–366–0091. Fax, 202–366–7147. Internet, http://www.seaway.dot.gov and http:// www.greatlakes-seaway.com.

Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20590 Phone, 202–366–4433. Internet, http://www.phmsa.dot.gov.

Administrator Cynthia L. Quarterman Deputy Administrator Timothy P. Butters Assistant Administrator/Chief Safety Officer Stephen L. Domotor Chief Counsel Vanessa L. Allen Sutherland Department of Transportation 295

Associate Administrator for Management and Scott Poyer Administration Associate Administrator for Pipeline Safety Jeffrey D. Wiese Associate Administrator for Hazardous Magdy El-Sibaie Materials Safety Director, Office of Civil Rights Rosanne Goodwill, Acting Director, Office of Governmental, International, Patricia Klinger, Acting and Public Affairs

The Pipeline and Hazardous Materials For further information, call 202–366–0656. Safety Administration was established on Internet, hazmat.dot.gov. February 20, 2005. It is responsible for For a complete listing of Office of hazardous materials transportation and Hazardous Materials Safety offices, go to pipeline safety. www.phmsa.dot.gov/hazmat/about/org.

Hazardous Materials Pipelines The Office of Hazardous Materials The Office of Pipeline Safety’s (OPS) Safety develops and issues regulations mission is to ensure the safety, security, for the safe and secure transportation and environmental protection of the of hazardous materials by all modes, Nation’s pipeline transportation system. excluding bulk transportation by The Office establishes and enforces water. The regulations cover shipper safety and environmental standards for and carrier operations, packaging and transportation of gas and hazardous container specifications, and hazardous liquids by pipeline. OPS also analyzes materials definitions. The Office provides data, conducts education and training, training and outreach to help shippers promotes damage prevention, and and carriers meet the requirements of conducts research and development the hazardous material regulations. for pipeline safety. Through OPS- The Office is also responsible for the administered grants-in-aid, States that enforcement of regulations other than voluntarily assume regulatory jurisdiction those applicable to a single mode of of pipelines can receive funding for up to transportation. The Office manages a 50 percent of the costs for their intrastate fee-funded grant program to assist States pipeline safety programs. OPS engineers in planning for hazardous materials inspect most interstate pipelines and emergencies and to assist States and other facilities not covered by the State Indian tribes with training for hazardous programs. The Office also implements the materials emergencies. Additionally, Oil Pollution Act of 1990 by providing the Office maintains a national safety approval for and testing of oil pipeline program to safeguard food and certain spill response plans. other products from contamination For further information, call 202–366–4595. during motor or rail transportation. For a complete list of Office of Pipeline Safety’s regional offices, go to www. phmsa.dot.gov/public/contact. For further information, contact the Office of Governmental, International and Public Affairs, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, Department of Transportation, Suite 8406, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20590. Phone, 202–366–4831. Internet, http://www.phmsa.dot.gov.

Research and Innovative Technology Administration 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20590 Phone, 202–366–7582. Internet, http://www.rita.dot.gov. Email, [email protected].

Administrator Gregory D. Winfree, Acting Deputy Administrator (vacancy) 296 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Chief Counsel Ellen Partridge Chief Financial Officer Andrew Julian Associate Administrator for Administration Audrey Farley Associate Administrator for Intelligent Kenneth Leonard Transportation Systems Joint Program Office Associate Administrator for Research, Kevin Womack Development and Technology Director, Bureau of Transportation Statistics Patricia S. Hu Director, Office of Civil Rights Daryl Hart Director, Office of Government, International, Jane Mellow and Public Affairs Director, Volpe National Transportation Systems Robert C. Johns Center Director, Transportation Safety Institute Christine Lawrence Public Affairs Contact Nancy Wilockha

The Research and Innovative Technology RITA brings together important DOT Administration (RITA) was created under data, research, and technology transfer the Norman Y. Mineta Research and assets and provides strategic direction Special Programs Improvement Act (49 and oversight of DOT’s Intelligent U.S.C. 101 note). RITA coordinates, Transportation Systems Program. facilitates, and reviews the Department’s RITA is composed of the staff from research and development programs the Office of Research, Development, and activities; performs comprehensive and Technology; the Volpe National transportation statistics research, analysis, Transportation Systems Center; the and reporting; and promotes the use Transportation Safety Institute; and the of innovative technologies to improve Bureau of Transportation Statistics. our Nation’s transportation system. For further information, contact the Research and Innovative Technology Administration, Department of Transportation, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20590. Phone, 202–366–4180. Email, info. [email protected]. Internet, http://www.rita.dot.gov.

Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20590 Phone, 202–366–2519. Internet, http://www.fmcsa.dot.gov.

Administrator Anne S. Ferro Deputy Administrator William A. Bronrott Assistant Administrator/Chief Safety Officer Jack Van Steenburg Regulatory Ombudsman Steven Lafreniere Associate Administrator for Administration Daphne Jefferson Chief Financial Officer Pamela Reed Associate Administrator for Enforcement and William A. Quade Program Delivery Associate Administrator for Research and G. Kelly Leone Information Technology/Chief Information Officer Associate Administrator of Field Operations Anne L. Collins Associate Administrator for Policy and Program Larry Minor Development Chief Counsel Scott Darling, III Director, Office of Civil Rights Kenneth D. May Department of Transportation 297

Director, Office of Communications Marissa Padilla Associate Director for Governmental Affairs John Drake

The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulatory Compliance and Enforcement ​ Administration was established within the The Administration operates a program to Department of Transportation on January improve safety performance and remove 1, 2000, pursuant to the Motor Carrier high-risk carriers from the Nation’s Safety Improvement Act of 1999 (49 highways. U.S.C. 113). Research and Technology The Formerly a part of the Federal Highway Administration coordinates research and Administration, the Federal Motor Carrier development to improve the safety of Safety Administration’s primary mission motor carrier operations and commercial is to prevent commercial motor vehicle- motor vehicles and drivers. related fatalities and injuries. Activities of Safety Assistance The Administration the Administration contribute to ensuring provides States with financial assistance safety in motor carrier operations for roadside inspections and other through strong enforcement of safety commercial motor vehicle safety regulations, targeting high-risk carriers programs. It promotes motor vehicle and and commercial motor vehicle drivers; motor carrier safety. improving safety information systems and Other Activities The Administration commercial motor vehicle technologies; supports the development of unified strengthening commercial motor vehicle motor carrier safety requirements and equipment and operating standards; procedures throughout North America. and increasing safety awareness. It participates in international technical To accomplish these activities, the organizations and committees to help Administration works with Federal, share the best practices in motor carrier State, and local enforcement agencies, safety throughout North America and the the motor carrier industry, labor safety rest of the world. It enforces regulations interest groups, and others. ensuring safe highway transportation of hazardous materials and has established Activities a task force to identify and investigate Commercial Drivers’ Licenses The those carriers of household goods that Administration develops standards to test have exhibited a substantial pattern of and license commercial motor vehicle consumer abuse. drivers. For a complete list of Federal Motor Data and Analysis The Administration Carrier Safety Administration field offices, collects and disseminates data on motor go to www.fmcsa.dot.gov/about/aboutus. carrier safety and directs resources to htm improve motor carrier safety. For further information, contact the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20590. Phone, 202–366–2519. Internet, http://www.fmcsa.dot.gov.

Surface Transportation Board 395 E Street SW., Washington, DC 20423 Phone, 202–245–0245. Internet, http://www.stb.dot.gov.

Chairman Daniel R. Elliott, III Vice Chairman Debra L. Miller Commissioner Ann D. Begeman Director, Office of Public Assistance, Lucille L. Marvin Governmental Affairs and Compliance Managing Director Leland L. Gardner 298 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Director, Office of Economics William F. Huneke Director, Office of Environmental Analysis Victoria J. Rutson Director, Office of Proceedings Rachel D. Campbell General Counsel Craig Keats

The Surface Transportation Board was trucking company, moving van, and established in 1996 by the Interstate noncontiguous ocean shipping company Commerce Commission (ICC) rate matters; certain intercity passenger Termination Act of 1995 (49 U.S.C. bus company structure, financial, and 10101 et seq.) as an independent operational matters; and certain pipeline adjudicatory body organizationally matters not regulated by the Federal housed within the Department of Energy Regulatory Commission. Transportation with jurisdiction over In performing its functions, the Board certain surface transportation economic is charged with promoting, where regulatory matters formerly under ICC appropriate, substantive and procedural jurisdiction. The Board consists of three regulatory reform and providing an members, appointed by the President efficient and effective forum for the with the advice and consent of the Senate resolution of disputes. Through the for 5-year terms. granting of exemptions from regulations The Board adjudicates disputes and where warranted, the streamlining of regulates interstate surface transportation its decisionmaking process and the through various laws pertaining to the regulations applicable thereto, and the different modes of surface transportation. consistent and fair application of legal The Board’s general responsibilities and equitable principles, the Board seeks include the oversight of firms engaged in to provide an effective forum for efficient transportation in interstate and foreign dispute resolution and facilitation of commerce to the extent that it takes place appropriate market-based business within the United States, or between or transactions. Through rulemakings and among points in the contiguous United case disposition, it strives to develop new States and points in Alaska, Hawaii, or and better ways to analyze unique and U.S. Territories or possessions. Surface complex problems, to reach fully justified transportation matters under the Board’s decisions more quickly, to reduce jurisdiction in general include railroad the costs associated with regulatory rate and service issues, rail restructuring oversight, and to encourage private sector transactions (mergers, line sales, line negotiations and resolutions to problems, construction, and line abandonments), where appropriate. and labor matters related thereto; certain For further information, contact the Office of Public Assistance, Governmental Affairs, and Compliance, Surface Transportation Board, 395 E Street SW., Washington, DC, 20423. Phone, 202–245–0230. Internet, http://www.stb.dot.gov. EDITORIAL NOTE: The Department of the Treasury did not meet the publication deadline for submitting updated information of its activities, functions, and sources of information as required by the automatic disclosure provisions of the Freedom of Information Act (5 U.S.C. 552(a)(1)(A)).

DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

Secretary of the Treasury Jacob J. Lew Deputy Secretary of the Treasury Sarah Bloom Raskin Treasurer of the United States Rosie Rios Chief of Staff Christian A. Weideman Counselor to the Secretarys Randy DeValk, Michael Stegman Inspector General Eric Thorson Treasury Inspector General for Tax J. Russell George Administration Treasury Special Inspector General for the Christy Romero Troubled Asset Relief Program Under Secretary for Domestic Finance Mary Miller Assistant Secretary for Financial Institutions Amias Gerety Assistant Secretary for Financial Markets Matthew S. Rutherford Assistant Secretary for Financial Stability Timothy J. Bowler Fiscal Assistant Secretary David A. Lebryk Assistant Secretary for Economic Policy Karen Dynan General Counsel Christopher J. Meade Under Secretary for International Affairs D. Nathan Sheets Assistant Secretary for International Finance (vacancy) Assistant Secretary for International Markets and Marisa Lago Development Assistant Secretary for Legislative Affairs Alastair Fitzpayne Assistant Secretary for Management Nani A. Coloretti Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs Natalie Wyeth Earnest Assistant Secretary for Tax Policy Mark J. Mazur Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial David Cohen Intelligence Assistant Secretary for Intelligence and Analysis Leslie Ireland Assistant Secretary for Terrorist Financing Daniel Glaser

As financial agent for the U.S. Government, the Department of the Treasury manufactures coins and currency, enforces financial laws, and recommends economic, tax, and fiscal policies.

The Treasury Department was created by formulates broad fiscal policies that have act of September 2, 1789 (31 U.S.C. 301 general significance for the economy; and 301 note). Many subsequent acts and manages the public debt. The have figured in the development of the Secretary also oversees the activities Department, delegating new duties to its of the Department in carrying out its charge and establishing the numerous major law enforcement responsibility; bureaus and divisions that now constitute in serving as the financial agent for the the Treasury. U.S. Government; and in manufacturing Secretary As a major policy coins, currency, and other products for adviser to the President, the Secretary customer agencies. The Secretary also recommends domestic and international acts as the Government’s chief financial financial, economic, and tax policy; officer. 299 300 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL u y y y y y cc O ar ar ar ar ar a I rs ch I e F / Burea OB a a I rs t aFF pO l I cy OFFI cer cO unsel aFF s ecret s ecret s ecret s ecret s ecret al ade dI v I s IO n al pO l I cy and t I ve al t r a al ant ant ant ant ant ax G ement t t t t t t t reasurer t IO n l e G and p u B l I c Gener a a sset Gener am e c O nOm I FI nanc I al Gener l e GI sl tr m ana ax a ss I s a ss I s a ss I s a ss I s a ss I s O r t a lc O h l O r y p r OG a I rs y y ar a dm I n s t r O u B led aFF Inspect ar ar Inspect y ax t the r el I e F m arkets v I n G a mI nt s ecret t IO nal s ecret s ecret FO r t IO nal FO r tes s pec I al e n G r a F I nance t IO nal t reasur ant ant d evel O pment t t t p r I nt n G s OF u nder y Interna u and Interna and a ss I s a ss I s Interna u n I ted Burea s I y y y y O rk trea S ur ar ar w a nal ar n et y c r I mes F I nanc n G and F I nanc al s ecret s ecret cO ntr O l t err O r I sm t t H e y OF ar Intell IG ence ant ant t t ar a ssets OF F I nanc al Secret O FFI ce t err O r I s a ss I s a ss I s e n FO rcement y s ecret Intell IG ence F I nanc al Secret and u nder t M e N Deput ar D ep y al ar y y y y y ar ar ar ar t IO ns Gener al s ecret a BI l I t t I tu t O r F I nance m arkets s Fund F I sc s ecret s ecret s ecret ant Ins O FFI ce s ecret t t I c r esearch ant ant ant the t t t v I ce t IO ns Inspect a ss I s ance OF s er F I nanc al d evel O pment F I nanc al u t I tu u nder dO mes a ss I s a ss I s a ss I s y F I nanc al al Ins Insur F I nanc al Burea F I sc al OF a FF t s cO mmun I t Feder F I nanc al OF O FFI ce the OF the c h I e F r evenue OF v I ce the s er c urrency OF O FFI ce Internal cO mptr O ller O FFI ce Department of the Treasury 301 Activities policies, and lending and privatization. This Office also oversees the Federal Economic Policy The Office of the Financing Bank, and the Assistant Assistant Secretary for Economic Policy Secretary serves as the senior member helps policymakers determine economic of the Treasury Financing Group and policies. The Office analyzes domestic coordinates the President’s Working and international economic issues and Group on Financial Markets. developments in the financial markets, Fiscal Affairs The Office of the Fiscal assists in forming official economic Assistant Secretary provides policy projections, and works closely with oversight of the Fiscal Service bureaus Federal Government agencies to make and develops policy on payments, economic forecasts supporting the yearly collections, debt financing operations, budget process. electronic commerce, Governmentwide Enforcement The Office of the accounting, Government investment Assistant Secretary for Enforcement fund management, and other related coordinates Treasury law enforcement issues. The Office also performs two matters, including the formulation critical functions for the Department: It of policies for Treasury enforcement manages the daily cash position of the activities, and cooperates on law Government, and it produces the cash enforcement matters with other Federal and debt forecasts used to determine agencies. It oversees the Alcohol and the size and timing of the Government’s Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, charged financing operations. with collecting excise taxes on alcoholic Financial Stability The Office of beverages and tobacco products; the Financial Stability (OFS) within the U.S. Office of Financial Enforcement, assisting Treasury was created by the Emergency in implementing the Bank Secrecy Act Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (12 and administering related Treasury U.S. C. 5201 et seq.) to administer the regulations; and the Office of Foreign Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP). Assets Control, controlling assets in the The purpose of the TARP was to help United States of “blocked” countries and restore the liquidity and stability to the the flow of funds and trade to them. U.S. financial system following the 2008 Domestic Finance The Office of financial crisis. Treasury’s authority to Domestic Finance works to preserve make financial commitments under confidence in the U.S. Treasury market, TARP ended on October 3, 2010. Today, manage Federal fiscal operations, and OFS is focused on winding down the strengthen financial institutions and TARP investments in a manner that markets; to promote access to credit; balances speed of exit with maximizing and to improve financial access and taxpayer returns as well as continuing education in service of America’s long- to help homeowners prevent avoidable term economic strength and stability. foreclosures. Financial Institutions The Office of International Development and Financial Institutions coordinates the Markets The Office of the Assistant Department’s efforts regarding financial Secretary for Development and Markets institutions legislation and regulation, manages the work of the Committee legislation affecting Federal agencies that on Foreign Investment in the United regulate or insure financial institutions, States and Treasury’s Office of Technical and securities markets legislation and Assistance. The Office also advises regulation. The Office also coordinates and assists the Under Secretary the Department’s effort on financial for International Affairs and other education policy and ensures the policymakers on financial and economic resiliency of the financial services sector. policies surrounding major bilateral Financial Markets The Office of and multilateral engagements. It plays Financial Markets serves to formulate a similar role in the formulation and policy on Federal debt management, execution of policies affecting export State and local finance (including the finance, financial services, trade, and Federal debt), Federal Government credit 302 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL multilateral development, including the General for Tax Administration (TIGTA) World Bank, the regional development was established in January 1999, in banks, and emerging global issues like accordance with the Internal Revenue food security and climate finance. Service Restructuring and Reform Act International Finance The Office of of 1998 (26 U.S.C. 1 note), to provide the Assistant Secretary for International independent oversight of the Internal Finance conducts macroeconomic Revenue Service programs and activities. analyses on global, regional, country- TIGTA is charged with monitoring the specific bases to advise and assist Nation’s tax laws to ensure that the the Under Secretary for International Internal Revenue Service (IRS) acts with Affairs and other policymakers in the efficiency, economy, and effectiveness formulation and execution of financial toward program accomplishment; and economic policy towards and ensuring compliance with applicable through the International Monetary Fund laws and regulations, preventing, and other major multilateral and bilateral detecting, and deterring fraud, waste, engagements like the U.S.-China Strategic and abuse; investigating activities or and Economic Dialogue and the G–20. allegations related to fraud, waste, and Tax Policy The Office of the Assistant abuse by IRS personnel; and protecting Secretary for Tax Policy advises and the IRS against attempts to corrupt or assists the Secretary and the Deputy threaten its employees. Secretary in the formulation and execution of domestic and international Sources of Information tax policies and programs. These Contracts Write to the Director, Office functions include analysis of proposed of Procurement, Suite 400–W, 1310 G tax legislation and tax programs; Street NW., Washington, DC 20220. projections of economic trends affecting Phone, 202–622–0203. tax bases; studies of effects of alternative Environment Environmental statements tax measures; preparation of official prepared by the Department are available estimates of Government receipts for the for review in the Departmental Library. President’s annual budget messages; legal Information on Treasury environmental advice and analysis on domestic and matters may be obtained from the international tax matters; assistance in the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the development and review of tax legislation Treasury for Management and Chief and domestic and international tax Financial Officer, Treasury Department, regulations and rulings; and participation Washington, DC 20220. Phone, 202– in international tax treaty negotiations 622–0043. and in maintenance of relations with General Inquiries For general international organizations on tax information about the Treasury matters. Department, including copies of news Treasurer of the United States The releases and texts of speeches by high- Office of the Treasurer of the United level Treasury officials, write to the States was established on September Office of the Assistant Secretary (Public 6, 1777. The Treasurer was originally Affairs and Public Liaison), Room charged with the receipt and custody of 3430, Departmental Offices, Treasury Government funds, but many of these Department, Washington, DC 20220. functions have been assumed by different Phone, 202–622–2920. bureaus of the Department. In 1981, the Inspector General For general Treasurer was assigned responsibility for information, contact the Assistant oversight of the Bureau of Engraving and Inspector General for Management at Printing and the United States Mint. The 202–927–5200 or visit the Office of Treasurer reports to the Secretary through Inspector General (OIG) Web site. To the Assistant Secretary for Management/ report the possible existence of a Treasury Chief Financial Officer. activity constituting mismanagement, Treasury Inspector General for Tax gross waste of funds, abuse of authority, Administration The Treasury Inspector a substantial and specific danger to the Department of the Treasury 303 public health and safety, or a violation of Utilization, Suite 400–W, 1310 G Street law, rules, or regulations (not including NW., Washington, DC 20220. Phone, the Internal Revenue Service, which 202–622–0530. reports to the Treasury Inspector General Tax Legislation Information on tax for Tax Administration), contact the OIG legislation may be obtained from by email or phone at 800–359–3898; or the Assistant Secretary (Tax Policy), write to Treasury OIG Hotline, Office of Departmental Offices, Treasury Inspector General, 1500 Pennsylvania Department, Washington, DC 20220. Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20220. Phone, 202–622–0050. For Freedom of Information Act/Privacy Telephone Directory The Treasury Act requests, write to Freedom of Department telephone directory is Information Act Request, Treasury OIG, available for sale by the Superintendent Office of Counsel, Suite 510, 740 15th of Documents, Government Printing Street NW., Washington, DC 20220. Office, Washington, DC 20402. Email, [email protected]. Internet, Treasury Inspector General for Tax http://www.treas.gov/inspector-general. Administration Individuals wishing Reading Room The Reading Room is to report fraud, waste, or abuse against located in the Treasury Library, Room or by IRS employees should write to 1428, Main Treasury Building, 1500 the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, Administration, P.O. Box 589, Ben DC 20220. Phone, 202–622–0990. Franklin Station, Washington, DC Small and Disadvantaged Business 20044–0589. Phone, 800–366–4484. Activities Write to the Director, Office Email, [email protected]. of Small and Disadvantaged Business For further information, contact the Public Affairs Office, Department of the Treasury, 1500 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20220. Phone, 202–622–2960. Internet, http://www.treasury.gov.

Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau

Administrator John J. Manfreda Deputy Administrator Mary G. Ryan Assistant Administrator (Field Operations) Thomas R. Crone Assistant Administrator (Headquarters Theresa M. McCarthy Operations) Assistant Administrator for Information Robert J. Hughes Resources and Chief Information Officer Assistant Administrator for Management and Cheri D. Mitchell Chief Financial Officer Chief Counsel Anthony P. Gledhill

The Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Sources of Information Bureau (TTB) was established on January General Inquiries For general 24, 2003, by the Homeland Security information about TTB, please visit the Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 531). TTB collects Frequently Asked Questions section of Federal alcohol, tobacco, firearms, and TTB’s web page. You may also write ammunition excise taxes; regulates the to the Administrator’s Office, 1310 G production, labeling, and advertising Street NW., Box 12, Washington, DC of alcohol beverages; and investigates 20005. Phone, 202–453–2000. Email, unfair or unlawful trade in alcohol and [email protected]. tobacco products. TTB regulates alcohol Advertising, Labeling, and Formulation and tobacco producers, importers, and Customer Service Desk Direct inquiries wholesalers. Regulation of retailers takes about the advertising, labeling, and place on a State and local level. formulation of alcohol beverages to 304 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL 202–453–2250 or 866–927–2533. Email, Internet, http://www.ttb.gov/consumer/ [email protected]. Internet, http://www. filing_complaint.shtml. ttb.gov/alfd/index.shtml. Fraud Tipline To report fraud, diversion, Electronic Reading Room The TTB and illegal activity by producers, Electronic Reading Room contains importers, or wholesalers of alcohol and materials specifically required to tobacco, please contact the TTB Tipline. be maintained by the Freedom of Phone, 1–855–882–8477. TTD, 202– Information Act. To view these materials, 882–9914. Email, [email protected]. visit http://www.ttb.gov/foia/err.shtml. National Revenue Center Information Some records are also available by on permits, applications, claims, appointment in the TTB Public Reading filing excise tax returns, and other tax Room located at 1310 G Street NW., collection activities is available online Washington, DC 20005. To make an and from the National Revenue Center, appointment, call 202–882–9904. 550 Main Street, Suite 8002, Cincinnati, Consumer Complaints Information on Ohio 45202. Phone, 513–684–3334 or filing a complaint is available online. 877–882–3277. Internet, http://www.ttb. gov/nrc/index.shtml. For further information, contact the Administrator’s Office, Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau. Phone, 202–453–2000. Internet, http://www.ttb.gov.

Office of the Comptroller of the Currency

Comptroller Thomas J. Curry Senior Deputy Comptroller and Chief of Staff Paul M. Nash Chief Information Officer Edward J. Dorris Deputy to the Chief of Staff and Liaison to the William A. Rowe, III Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Executive Director for the Office of Minority Joyce Cofield and Women Inclusion Senior Deputy Comptroller for Enterprise Larry L. Hattix Governance and Ombudsman First Senior Deputy Comptroller and Chief Amy S. Friend Counsel Senior Deputy Comptroller for the Office of Kathy K. Murphy, Acting Management and Chief Financial Officer Senior Deputy Comptroller for Bank Jennifer C. Kelly, John C. Lyons Supervision Policy and Chief National Bank Examiners Senior Deputy Comptroller for Economics David Nebhut Senior Deputy Comptroller for Large Bank Martin Pfinsgraff Supervision [For the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 12, Part 4]

The Office of the Comptroller of the 2011, the Office of Thrift Supervision Currency (OCC) was created February was integrated into the OCC, along with 25, 1863 (12 Stat. 665), as a bureau the responsibility for the supervision of of the Department of the Treasury. Its Federal savings associations. primary mission is to regulate national The OCC regulates national banks banks. The Office is headed by the and Federal savings associations through Comptroller, who is appointed for a its power to examine banks; approve or 5-year term by the President with the deny applications for new bank charters, advice and consent of the Senate. In July branches, or mergers; take enforcement Department of the Treasury 305 actions—such as bank closures—against Services and Administrative Operations, banks that are not in compliance with Communications Division. Phone, laws and regulations; and issue rules, 202–649–6758. Fax, 202–649–6160. regulations, and interpretations on Contracts For information about banking practices. contracts, contact the Acquisition The OCC supervises approximately Management Division. Phone, 202–649– 1,900 national banks, Federal savings 6597. Fax, 571–293–4356. associations, and Federal branches, Employment For information regarding including their trust activities and national bank examiner employment overseas operations. Each bank is opportunities (generally hired at the examined by a nationwide staff of entry level through a college recruitment approximately 2,500 bank examiners program), contact the Director for Human who are supervised by four district Resources Operations. Phone, 202–649– offices. The OCC is independently 6590. Fax, 202–649–5998. funded through assessments of bank Publications OCC publications are assets. available online. Copies of certain publications are available in print Sources of Information from the Communications Division. Freedom of Information Act Requests ​ Phone, 202–649–6759. Fax, 202–649– For Freedom of Information Act requests, 6168. Internet, http://www.occ.gov/ contact the Manager, Disclosure publications/index-publications.html. For further information, contact the Communications Division, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, 400 7th Street SW., Washington, DC 20219. Phone, 202–649–6700. Internet, http://www.occ.gov.

Bureau of Engraving and Printing

Director Larry R. Felix Deputy Director Leonard R. Olijar Associate Director (Chief Financial Officer) Debra H. Richardson Associate Director (Chief Information Officer) Harry Singh, Acting Associate Director for Eastern Currency Facility Jon J. Cameron Associate Director for Western Currency Charlene Williams Facility Associate Director for Management Will Levy, III Associate Director for Product and Technology Judith Diaz Myers Development Associate Director for Corporate Planning and Andrew Brunhart Strategic Analysis Chief Counsel Sidney Rocke

The Bureau of Engraving and Printing and many other security documents, operates on basic authorities conferred by including White House invitations act of July 11, 1862 (31 U.S.C. 303), and and military identification cards. It additional authorities contained in past also is responsible for advising and appropriations made to the Bureau that assisting Federal agencies in the design are still in force. Operations are financed and production of other Government by a revolving fund established in 1950 documents that, because of their innate in accordance with Public Law 81–656. value or for other reasons, require The Bureau is headed by a Director security or counterfeit-deterrence who is selected by the Secretary of the characteristics. Treasury. The Bureau also operates a second The Bureau designs, prints, and currency manufacturing plant in Fort finishes all of the Nation’s paper currency 306 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Worth, TX (9000 Blue Mound Road, begin every 15 minutes, with the last tour 76131). Phone, 817–231–4000. beginning at 2 p.m. The times between 11 a.m. and 12:15 p.m. are reserved for Sources of Information school and other groups. The ticket booth Address questions on the following is located on Raoul Wallenberg Place subjects to the appropriate office, Bureau (formerly Fifteenth Street) and opens at of Engraving and Printing. 8 a.m. Tour tickets are free. The ticket Contracts and Small Business Activities ​ booth remains open for the morning and Information relating to contracts and evening tours until all tickets have been small business activities may be obtained distributed. Lines form early, and tickets by contacting the Office of Acquisition. go quickly, typically by 9 a.m. during Phone, 202–874–2065. peak season. Tickets are distributed on a Employment Information regarding first-come, first-served basis. Lines form employment opportunities and required on Raoul Wallenberg Place. Evening qualifications is available from the Office tours, running from April through August, of Human Resources. Phone, 202–874– 5 p.m. until 7 p.m., are offered every 2633. 15 minutes. During nonpeak season, Freedom of Information Act Requests ​ September through February, 9 a.m. Inquiries should be directed to 202–874– until 2 p.m, tickets are not necessary for 3733. tours. Lines form on Fourteenth Street. General Inquiries Requests for No tours are given on weekends, Federal information about the Bureau, its holidays, or between Christmas and products, or numismatic and philatelic New Year’s Day. For information on the interests should be directed to 202–874– Washington, DC, Tour and Visitor Center, 3019. call 202–874–2330 or 866–874–2330. Mail Order Sales Uncut sheets of Internet, http://www.moneyfactory.gov/ currency, engraved Presidential portraits, tours/washingtondctours.html. historical engravings of national Fort Worth, TX During peak season, landmarks, and other souvenirs and June and July, 11 a.m. until 5 p.m, a new mementos are available for purchase tour starts every 30 minutes. The Tour online and by phone at 800–456–3408. and Visitor Center opens at 10:30 a.m. Internet, http://www.moneyfactory.com/. and closes at 6:30 p.m. During nonpeak Tours Tours of the Bureau’s facilities season, August through May, 9 a.m. until are provided year-round according to the 2 p.m., the Visitor Center opens at 8:30 schedules listed below. Up-to-the-minute a.m. and closes at 3:30 p.m. No tours are tour information is available online. given on weekends, Federal holidays, or Internet, http://www.moneyfactory.com/ between Christmas and New Year’s Day. tours.html. For information on the Fort Worth Tour Washington, DC During peak season, and Visitor Center, call 817–231–4000 March through August, 9 a.m. until or 866–865–1194. Internet, http://www. 10:45 a.m. and 12:30 p.m. until 2 p.m., moneyfactory.gov/tours/fortworthtxtours. tickets are required for all tours. Tours html. For further information, contact the Office of External Relations, Bureau of Engraving and Printing, Department of the Treasury, Room 533–M, Fourteenth and C Streets SW., Washington, DC 20228. Phone, 202–874–3019. Fax, 202–874–3177. Internet, http://www.moneyfactory.com.

Bureau of the Fiscal Service

Commissioner Sheryl R. Morrow Deputy Commissioner, Financial Services and Wanda J. Rogers Operations Deputy Commissioner, Finance and Kimberly McCoy Administration Department of the Treasury 307

Deputy Commissioner, Accounting and Shared Cynthia Z. Springer Services Director, Legislative and Public Affairs Joyce Harris Chief Counsel Margaret Marquette Assistant Commissioner, Debt Management Jeffrey Schramek Services Assistant Commissioner, Revenue Collections Corvelli McDaniel, Acting Management Assistant Commissioner, Governmentwide Christina Ho Accounting Assistant Commissioner, Information and (vacancy) Security Services (Chief Information Officer) Assistant Commissioner, Management (Chief Patricia M. Greiner Financial Officer) Assistant Commissioner, Payment Management John Hill Executive Director, Government Securities Lori Santamorena Regulations Assistant Commissioner, Office of Douglas Anderson Administrative Services Assistant Commissioner, Public Debt Matthew Miller Accounting Assistant Commissioner, Treasury Securities Dara Seaman Services

The Bureau of the Fiscal Service provides tax deposits, customs duties, loan central payment services to Federal repayments, fines, proceeds from leases, program agencies, operates the Federal as well as other sources of revenue. Government’s collections and deposit Fiscal Service and IRS manage systems, provides Governmentwide the Electronic Federal Tax Payment accounting and reporting services, System (www.eftps.gov), which allows manages the collection of delinquent individuals and businesses to pay Federal debt owed to the Federal Government, taxes through the Internet. EFTPS– borrows the money needed to operate Online also provides such features as an the Federal Government, accounts for instant, printable acknowledgment for the resulting public debt, and provides documenting each transaction, the ability reimbursable support to Federal agencies. to schedule advance payments, and Payments Each year, the Fiscal access to payment history. Service disburses more than one billion The Treasury Offset Program is one of non-Defense payments to a wide variety the methods used to collect delinquent of recipients, such as those individuals debt. Fiscal Service uses the program who receive Social Security, IRS tax to withhold Federal payments, such as refunds, and veterans’ benefits. In Fiscal Federal income tax refunds, Federal Year 2012, the Fiscal Service issued more salary payments, and Social Security than $2.4 trillion in payments, 88 percent benefits, to recipients with delinquent of which were issued electronically. debts, including past-due child support Collections Fiscal Service administers obligations and State and Federal income the world’s largest collection system, tax debt. processing more than 400 million Do Not Pay The Fiscal Service Do transactions through the support of six Not Pay Business Center has a two-part Federal Reserve Banks and a network of vision for programs administered or over 100 financial institutions. In Fiscal funded by the Federal Government: to Year 2012, the Fiscal Service collected help prevent and stop improper payments over $3.16 trillion in Federal revenues from being made, and to identify and to from individual and corporate income mitigate fraud, waste and abuse. The goal 308 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL of the program is to integrate Do Not office, Bureau of the Fiscal Service, 401 Pay into existing business processes by Fourteenth Street SW., Washington, DC providing agencies access to current and 20227. Fax, 202–874–7016. relevant data to help make an award or Do Not Pay The Do Not Pay Business payment decision. Center supports Federal agencies in their Debt Financing The Bureau efforts to reduce the number of improper auctions and issues Treasury bills, payments. For more information, use notes, and bonds and manages the the link below. Internet, http://www. sales and redemption of savings bonds. donotpay.treas.gov/. It provides daily and other periodic Electronic Access Information on the reports to account for the composition public debt; on U.S. Savings Bonds; and and size of the debt. In addition, the on Treasury bills, notes, bonds, and other Bureau implements the regulations Treasury securities is available online. for the Government securities market. Forms and publications may be ordered These regulations provide for investor electronically using the same Web site. protection while maintaining a fair and Internet, http://www.treasurydirect.gov/. liquid market for Government securities. Employment General Employment Accounting Fiscal Service gathers inquiries should be addressed to the and publishes Governmentwide financial Bureau of the Fiscal Service, Division information that is used by the public and of Human Resources, PO Box 1328, private sectors to monitor the Government’s Recruitment and Classification Branch, financial status and establish fiscal and Parkersburg, WV 26106–1328. Phone, monetary policies. These publications 304–480–6144. include the “Daily Treasury Statement,” Savings Bonds Savings bonds may be “Monthly Treasury Statement,” “Treasury purchased and held in an online account. Bulletin,” “U.S. Government Annual Current rate information is available Report,” and “Financial Report of the U.S. online or by calling 800–487–2663. Government.” Requests for information about all series Electronic Commerce Through of savings bonds, savings notes, and its electronic money programs, Fiscal retirement plans or individual retirement Service offers new payment and bonds should be addressed to the collection technologies using the Bureau of the Fiscal Service, Division Internet and card technologies to help of Customer Assistance, PO Box 7012, Federal agencies modernize their cash Parkersburg, WV 26106–7012. Phone, management activities. Examples include 304–480–7711. Internet, https://www. stored-value cards used on military bases, treasurydirect.gov/indiv/products/prod_ point-of-sale check conversion, and eebonds_glance.htm. Internet credit card collection programs. Shared Services Information on services Shared Services The Administrative offered to other Government agencies Resource Center (ARC) delivers is available online. Internet, http://arc. franchise services on a reimbursable publicdebt.treas.gov/fshome.htm. basis to more than 85 Treasury and Treasury Securities Information Federal Government agencies. ARC inquiries regarding the purchase of provides services in six areas: financial Treasury bills, bonds, and notes should management, investment accounting, be addressed to the Bureau of the Fiscal human resources, information Service, Division of Customer Assistance, technology, procurement, and travel. PO Box 7015, Parkersburg, WV 26106– 7015. Phone, 800–722–2678. Sources of Information Inquiries on the following subjects should be directed to the appropriate For further information, contact the Office of Legislative and Public Affairs, Bureau of the Fiscal Service, Department of the Treasury, 401 Fourteenth Street SW., Washington, DC 20227. Phone, 202–874–6750. Internet, http://www.fiscal.treasury.gov. Department of the Treasury 309 Internal Revenue Service

Commissioner of Internal Revenue Daniel I. Werfel, Acting Deputy Commissioner for Operations Support Beth Tucker Deputy Commissioner for Services and (vacancy) Enforcement Chief Counsel William J. Wilkins Commissioner, Large Business and International Heather C. Maloy Division Commissioner, Small Business and Self- Faris Fink Employed Division Commissioner, Tax Exempt and Government Michael Julainelle, Acting Entities Division Commissioner, Wage and Investment Division Peggy Bogadi Chief Financial Officer Pamela LaRue Chief, Agency-Wide Shared Services David Grant Chief, Appeals Shelly Kay Chief, Communications and Liaison Terry Lemons, Acting Chief, Criminal Investigation Richard Weber Chief Technology Officer Terry V. Milholland National Taxpayer Advocate Nina E. Olson Director, Office of Research, Analysis and Rosemary Marcuss Statistics Chief Human Capital Officer David Krieg Director, Office of Privacy, Information Rebecca A. Chiaramida Protection and Data Security Director, Office of Professional Responsibility Karen L. Hawkins Director, Whistleblower Office Steve A. Whitlock Executive Director, Office of Equity, Diversity Monica Davy and Inclusion Senior Advisor to the Commissioner for Dean R. Silverman Compliance Analytics Director, Return Preparer Office Carol A. Campbell Director, Online Services Rajive Mathur Director, Affordable Care Act Office Sarah Hall Ingram

The Office of the Commissioner of enforces the tax laws; and continually Internal Revenue was established by searches for and implements new, more act of July 1, 1862 (26 U.S.C. 7802). efficient ways of accomplishing its The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) mission. The IRS ensures satisfactory administers and enforces the internal resolution of taxpayer complaints; revenue laws and related statutes, except provides taxpayer service and education; those relating to alcohol, tobacco, determines, assesses, and collects internal firearms, and explosives. It collects the revenue taxes; determines pension plan proper amount of tax revenue, at the qualifications and exempt organization least cost to the public, by efficiently status; and prepares and issues rulings applying the tax law with integrity and and regulations to supplement the fairness. The IRS aims for the highest provisions of the Internal Revenue Code. possible degree of voluntary compliance Most of the collected revenues in accordance with the tax laws and depend on the individual income tax regulations; advises the public of their and the social insurance and retirement rights and responsibilities; determines the taxes. Other major revenue sources are extent of compliance and the causes of corporate income, excise, estate, and noncompliance; properly administers and gift taxes. The 16th Amendment of the 310 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Constitution, ratified on February 3, provided for use in high schools and 1913, gave Congress the authority to levy colleges. Individuals starting a new taxes on the income of individuals and business are given specialized materials corporations. and information at small business workshops, and community colleges Sources of Information provide classes based on material Audiovisual Materials Films providing provided by the Service. The community information on the American tax system, outreach tax assistance program provides examination and appeal rights, and the assistance to community groups. Through tax responsibilities of running a small the volunteer income tax assistance business are available. Some of the program and the tax counseling for the films are also available in Spanish. The elderly program, the Service recruits, films can be obtained by contacting any trains, and supports volunteers who territory office. Also available are audio offer free tax assistance to low-income, and video cassette tapes that provide elderly, military, and non-English- step-by-step instructions for preparing speaking taxpayers. Materials, films, and basic individual income tax forms. information on the educational programs These tapes are available in many local can be obtained by contacting any libraries. territory office. Contracts Write to the Internal Revenue Employment For information, write to Service (OS:A:P), 1111 Constitution the recruitment coordinator at any of the Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20224. territory offices. Phone, 202–283–1710. Publications “The Annual Report— Customer Service The Internal Commissioner of Internal Revenue,” Revenue Service provides year-round tax the “Internal Revenue Service Data information and assistance to taxpayers, Book,” and periodic reports of primarily through its Web site and statistics of income are available from toll-free telephone system, which also the Superintendent of Documents, includes telephone assistance to deaf and Government Printing Office, Washington, hearing-impaired taxpayers who have DC 20402. “Examination of Returns, access to a teletypewriter or television/ Appeal Rights, and Claims for Refund,” phone. The toll-free numbers are listed “Your Federal Income Tax,” “Farmer’s Tax in local telephone directories and in the Guide,” “Tax Guide for Small Business,” annual tax form packages. Taxpayers may and other publications are available at also visit agency offices for help with Internal Revenue Service offices free of their tax problems. Individual preparation charge. is available for handicapped or other Reading Rooms Public reading rooms individuals unable to use the group are located in the national office and in preparation method. Foreign language each territory office. tax assistance is also available at many Speakers Arrangements for speakers on locations. The IRS encourages taxpayers provisions of the tax law and operations to use the resources available at www.irs. of the Internal Revenue Service for gov for assistance with their tax questions professional and community groups or to locate electronic filing sources. may be made by writing to the Senior Educational Programs The Service Commissioner’s Representative. For provides, free of charge, general tax national organizations, write to the information publications and booklets Communications Division at the IRS on specific tax topics. Taxpayer National Headquarters in Washington, information materials also are distributed DC. to major television networks and many Taxpayer Advocate Each district has radio and television stations, daily a problem resolution staff to address and weekly newspapers, magazines, taxpayer complaints that cannot be and specialized publications. Special resolved through regular channels. educational materials and films are Internet, http://www.irs.gov/Advocate. Department of the Treasury 311

For further information, contact the Internal Revenue Service, Department of the Treasury, 1111 Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20224. Phone, 202–622–5000.

United States Mint

Director (vacancy) Deputy Director Richard A. Peterson Chief Counsel Daniel P. Shaver Chief Administrative Officer Beverly Ortega Babers Associate Director, Workforce Solutions Annie D. Brown Associate Director, Information Technology Lauren Buschor Associate Director, Manufacturing David M. Croft, Acting Associate Director, Sales and Marketing J. Marc Landry, Acting Associate Director, Finance David A. Motl Chief of U.S. Mint Police Dennis P. O’Connor

The establishment of a mint was For a complete list of U.S. Mint field authorized by act of April 2, 1792 facilities, visit www.usmint.gov/about_ (1 Stat. 246). The Bureau of the Mint the_mint. was established by act of February 12, 1873 (17 Stat. 424), and recodified on Sources of Information September 13, 1982 (31 U.S.C. 304, Contracts and Employment Inquiries 5131). The name was changed to United should be directed to the facility head States Mint by Secretarial order dated of the appropriate field office or to the January 9, 1984. Director of the Mint. The primary mission of the Mint is Numismatic Services The United to produce an adequate volume of States Mint maintains public exhibit circulating coinage for the Nation to and sales areas at the Philadelphia and conduct its trade and commerce. The Denver Mints and at Union Station in Mint also produces and sells numismatic Washington, DC. Brochures and order coins, American Eagle gold and silver forms for official coins, medals, and other bullion coins, and national medals. numismatic items are available online. In addition, the Fort Knox Bullion Internet, http://www.usmint.gov/. Depository is the primary storage facility Publications The “CFO Annual for the Nation’s gold bullion. Financial Report” is available from The U.S. Mint maintains sales centers the United States Mint, Department of at the Philadelphia and Denver Mints the Treasury, 801 Ninth Street NW., and at Union Station in Washington, Washington, DC 20220. Phone, 202– DC. Public tours are conducted, with 354–7800. free admission, at the Philadelphia and Denver Mints. For further information, contact the United States Mint, Department of the Treasury, 801 Ninth Street NW., Washington, DC 20220. Phone, 202–354–7200. EDITORIAL NOTE: The Department of Veterans Affairs did not meet the publication deadline for submitting updated information of its activities, functions, and sources of information as required by the automatic disclosure provisions of the Freedom of Information Act (5 U.S.C. 552(a)(1)(A)).

DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS 810 Vermont Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20420 Phone, 202–461–4800. Internet, http://www.va.gov.

Secretary of Veterans Affairs Robert A. McDonald Deputy Secretary Sloan D. Gibson Chief of Staff Jose D. Riojas, Acting General Counsel William A. Gunn Chairman, Board of Veterans’ Appeals Steven L. Keller, Acting Inspector General Richard J. Griffin, Acting Executive Director, Office of Acquisition, Glenn D. Haggstrom Logistics, and Construction Executive Director, Office of Small and Veteran Thomas J. Leney Business Programs Director, Office of Employment Discrimination Maxanne R. Witkin Complaint Adjudication Director, Center for Women Veterans Irene Trowell-Harris Director, Center for Minority Veterans Barbara Ward Advisory Committee Management Officer Vivian Drake, Acting Director, Center for Faith-Based and E. Terri LaVelle Neighborhood Partnerships Special Assistant, Nongovernmental Doug Carmon Organization Gateway Initiative Office Director, Federal Recovery Coordination Office Carol Weese, Acting Veterans’ Service Organizations Liaison Kevin Secor Director, Office of Survivors Assistance Debra A. Walker Executive in Charge, Office of Management, W. Todd Grams and Chief Financial Officer Assistant Secretary for Information and Stephen W. Warren Technology Assistant Secretary for Policy and Planning Robert D. Snyder, Acting Assistant Secretary for Operations, Security, and Kevin T. Hanretta Preparedness Assistant Secretary for Human Resources and Gina S. Farrisee Administration Assistant Secretary for Public and Joshua Taylor, Acting Intergovernmental Affairs Assistant Secretary for Congressional and Christopher E. O’Connor, Acting Legislative Affairs Under Secretary for Benefits, Veterans Benefits Allison A. Hickey Administration Under Secretary for Health, Veterans Health Robert L. Jesse Administration Under Secretary for Memorial Affairs, National Steve L. Muro Cemetery Administration

The Department of Veterans Affairs operates programs to benefit veterans and members of their families. Benefits include compensation payments for disabilities or 312 Department of Veterans Affairs 313 death related to military service; pensions; education and rehabilitation; home loan guaranty; burial; and a medical care program incorporating nursing homes, clinics, and medical centers.

The Department of Veterans Affairs unmarked grave in a private cemetery (VA) was established as an executive anywhere in the world, NCA will provide department by the Department of a headstone or marker. If a veteran died Veterans Affairs Act (38 U.S.C. 201 note). on or after November 1, 1990, and is It is comprised of three organizations buried in a grave marked with a privately that administer veterans programs: the purchased headstone, NCA will provide Veterans Health Administration, the a headstone or marker to supplement Veterans Benefits Administration, and the grave or a medallion to be affixed the National Cemetery Administration. to the permanent headstone. NCA’s Each organization has field facilities State Cemetery Grants Program provides and a central office component. Staff funds to State and tribal governments to offices support the overall function of the establish, expand, or improve veterans’ Department and its Administrations. cemeteries. NCA issues Presidential Memorial Certificates to recognize Activities the service of honorably discharged Advisory Committee Management Office ​ servicemembers or veterans. The Advisory Committee Management Center for Minority Veterans The Office serves as the coordinating Center for Minority Veterans (CMV), office for the Department’s 25 Federal established by the Veterans’ Benefits advisory committees. It is responsible Improvement Act of 1984 (38 U.S.C. for establishing clear and uniform goals, 101 note), promotes the use of VA standards, and procedures for advisory benefits, programs, and services by committee activities. It is also responsible minority veterans. The CMV focuses on for ensuring that VA advisory committee the unique and special needs of African operations are in compliance with Americans, Hispanics, Asian Americans, the provisions of the Federal Advisory Pacific Islanders, and Native Americans, Committee Act. which include American Indians, Native Office of Acquisition, Logistics, and Hawaiians, and Alaska Natives. Construction The Office of Acquisition, Center for Women Veterans The Center Logistics, and Construction (OALC) is a for Women Veterans (CWV), established multifunctional organization responsible by the Veterans’ Benefits Improvement for directing the acquisition, logistics, Act of 1984 (38 U.S.C. 101 note), reports construction, and leasing functions within to the Secretary’s Office and oversees the VA. The Executive Director, OALC, the Department’s programs for women is also the Chief Acquisition Officer for veterans. The CWV Director serves as the VA. the primary advisor to the Secretary on Cemeteries The National Cemetery all matters related to policies, legislation, Administration (NCA) is responsible programs, issues, and initiatives affecting for the management and oversight of women veterans. The CWV ensures 131 national cemeteries in the United that women veterans receive benefits States and Puerto Rico, as well as 33 and services on par with male veterans; soldiers’ lots, Confederate cemeteries, VA programs are responsive to gender- and monument sites. Burial in a national specific needs of women veterans; cemetery is available to eligible veterans outreach is performed to improve women and their spouses and dependent veterans’ awareness of services, benefits, children. At no cost to the family, a and eligibility criteria; and women national cemetery burial includes the veterans are treated with dignity and gravesite, graveliner, opening and closing respect. of the grave, headstone or marker, and Health Services The Veterans Health perpetual care as part of a national Administration (VHA) is home to the shrine. If a veteran is buried in an largest integrated health care system in 314 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL TIVE FOR A Y ANT AR AIRS LEGISL AFF ASSI ST SECRET AND CONGRESSIONAL ER Y AL TICS, TION ANS’ RA CEMET FOR ST GENERAL LOGIS Y AND TRUCTIO N COUNSEL VETER ANT AR AIRS AL OF VERNMENT APPEALS CONS TIONAL ADMINI AFF ASSI ST PUBLIC NA ARD AND GENER SECRET CQUISITION, INSPECTOR BO A INTERGO AIRS TION FOR RA ANT RY AFF ST RESOURCES ASSI ADMINI ST ANS Y SECRE TA TH HUMAN AR AND TION RY HEAL RA SECRET VETER ANS TY SECRE TA OF ADMINI ST AFF Y DEPU VETER THE ST AR FOR AND OF Y ANT OF TIONS, AR A SECRET AREDNESS TMENT OFFICE CHIEF ASSI ST OPER SECURI TY PREP AR SECRET DEP FOR Y AND ANT AR TION ANNING BENEFI T RA AY PL ASSI ST POLICY TEW SECRET ANS TION GED OFFICE OFFICE A GA LIAISON ANS ANS ADMINI ST ANCE AND VETER ANT N TION TION TION TION DV TIO VETER GEMENT AND VETER SA TNERSHIPS FOR ASSI ST DISCRIMINA R DI ANIZA Y ANIZA ANT OFFICE OR PA TILIZA MANA TION AR ITH-BASED U OMEN COORDINA ADJUDI CA ORG AND ORG VIV FA W Y YMENT TIVE MINORI TY AL ASSI ST SUR AINT TECHNOLOGY VER VICE FOR FOR SECRET FOR INFORMA INITIA SMALL OF EMPLO SER BUSINESS COMMITTEE OF RECO OF COMPL Y VERNMENT AL ANS CENTER CENTER NEIGHBORHOOD CENTER OFFICE OFFICE FOR VISOR OFFICE Y VETER FEDER ANT AD NON-GO AR ST GEMENT ASSI MANA SECRET Department of Veterans Affairs 315 the United States. It provides hospital, medical education and major contributor nursing home, domiciliary, and outpatient to medical research. medical and dental care to eligible Operations, Security, and Preparedness ​ veterans of military service in the Armed The Assistant Secretary for Operations, Forces. VHA conducts both individual Security, and Preparedness (OSP) medical and health care delivery coordinates VA’s emergency research projects and multihospital management, preparedness, personal research programs, to include assisting identity verification, physical security, in the education of physicians, dentists, personnel security and suitability, and the training of many other health police services, law enforcement care professionals through affiliations activities, and ensures compliance and with educational institutions and resource management in the OSP, so the organizations. VHA treated over 6 million Department can continue to perform patients in 2010, and has over 1,600 sites the mission-essential functions under of care which include: 152 hospitals, 965 all circumstances across the spectrum outpatient clinics, 133 community living of threats. OSP directs and provides centers, and 293 Vet Centers. In 2010, VA oversight for the VA’s overall operations hospitals also had approximately 680,000 for planning, response, and security and inpatient admissions and more than 75 law enforcement programs in support million outpatient visits. The number of of the National Response Framework, women veterans using VA health care Homeland Security Presidential Directive doubled from 160,000 in 2000 to 315, 12, and other related Executive orders 000 in 2010. VA hospitals provide more and Federal regulations. public data about quality and safety than Veterans Benefits The Veterans any health care system in the world and Benefits Administration provides held academic affiliations with more than information, advice, and assistance to 1,200 educational institutions. More than veterans, their dependents, beneficiaries, 100,000 health care students receive representatives, and others applying for clinical training from VA each year. VA benefits. It also cooperates with the Historically, VHA has been at the Department of Labor and other Federal, forefront in developing new devices, State, and local agencies in developing treatments, and tools for various employment opportunities for veterans conditions and diseases, including the and referral for assistance in resolving first electronic health record, cardiac socioeconomic, housing, and other pacemaker, bionic ankle, and successful related problems. liver transplant. It has also developed The Compensation and Pension new drugs and treatments for acquired Service is responsible for claims for immune deficiency syndrome/human disability compensation and pension, immunodeficiency virus, diabetes, specially adapted housing, accrued Alzheimer’s disease, and osteoporosis. benefits, adjusted compensation in death Currently, VHA medical centers provide cases, and reimbursement for headstone a wide range of services including or marker; allowances for automobiles traditional hospital-based services such as and special adaptive equipment; special critical care, mental health, orthopedics, clothing allowances; emergency officers’ pharmacy, radiology, and physical retirement pay; survivors’ claims for therapy. Furthermore, most VA medical death compensation, dependency and centers offer additional medical and indemnity compensation, death pension, surgical specialties services including and burial and plot allowance claims; pathology, dermatology, dental, geriatrics, forfeiture determinations; and a benefits neurology, oncology, prosthetics, urology, protection program for minors and and vision care. Some medical centers incompetent adult beneficiaries. also offer advanced services such as The Education Service administers organ transplants and plastic surgery. the Montgomery GI Bill program and VHA also distinguishes itself as the other programs which provide education Nation’s largest provider of graduate benefits to qualified active-duty 316 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL members, veterans, certain dependents to spouses and children of totally and of veterans, and members of the Selected permanently disabled veterans as well and Ready Reserve. The Service also as surviving orphans, widows, and checks school records to ensure that they widowers of certain deceased veterans. comply with the pertinent law, approves Vocational training and rehabilitation courses for the payment of educational services are available to children with benefits, and administers a work-study spina bifida having one or both parents program. Additional details are available who served in the Republic of Vietnam at www.gibill.va.gov. during the Vietnam era, or served in The Insurance Service’s operations for certain military units in or near the the benefit of servicemembers, veterans, demilitarized zone in Korea, between and their beneficiaries are available September 1, 1967 and August 31, 1971. through the regional office and insurance Veterans’ Appeals The Board of center (phone, 800–669–8477) in Veterans’ Appeals (BVA) renders final Philadelphia, PA, which provides the full decisions on behalf of the Secretary range of activities necessary for a national on appeals from decisions of local VA life insurance program. Activities include offices. The Board reviews all appeals the complete maintenance of individual for entitlement to veterans’ benefits, accounts, underwriting functions, life including claims for service connection, and death insurance claims awards, and increased disability ratings, total any other insurance-related transactions. disability ratings, pension, insurance The Service also administers the Veterans benefits, educational benefits, home loan Mortgage Life Insurance Program for guarantees, vocational rehabilitation, those disabled veterans who receive a VA dependency and indemnity grant for specially adapted housing and compensation, health care delivery, supervises the Servicemembers’ Group and fiduciary matters. The Board has Life Insurance Program and the Veterans’ jurisdiction over appeals arising from the Group Life Insurance Program. VA regional offices, VA medical centers, The Loan Guaranty Service is the National Cemetery Administration, responsible for operations that include and the Office of General Counsel. The appraising properties to establish Board’s mission is to conduct hearings their values; approving grants for and issue timely, understandable, and specially adapted housing; supervising quality decisions for veterans and other the construction of new residential appellants in compliance with the properties; establishing the eligibility requirements of law. Final BVA decisions of veterans for the program; evaluating are appealable to the U.S. Court of the ability of a veteran to repay a Appeals for Veterans Claims. loan and the credit risk; making direct Field Facilities The Department’s loans to Native American veterans to operations are handled through the acquire a home on trust land; servicing following field facilities: cemeteries, and liquidating defaulted loans; and domiciliaries, medical centers, outpatient disposing of real estate acquired as the clinics, and regional offices. Cemeteries consequence of defaulted loans. provide burial services to veterans, The Vocational Rehabilitation and their spouses, and dependent children. Employment Service provides outreach, Domiciliaries provide the least intensive motivation, evaluation, counseling, level of inpatient medical care, including training, employment, and other necessary ambulatory medical treatment, rehabilitation services to service- rehabilitation, and support services, in a connected disabled veterans. Vocational structured environment to veterans who and educational counseling, as well as are unable because of their disabilities the evaluation of abilities, aptitudes, and to provide adequately for themselves interests are provided to veterans and in the community. Medical centers servicepersons. Counseling, assessment, provide eligible beneficiaries with education programs, and in some cases, medical and other health care services rehabilitation services are available equivalent to those provided by private Department of Veterans Affairs 317 sector institutions, augmented in many call 800–949–8387 or 202–461–4300. instances by services to meet the special More information on these programs is requirements of veterans. Outpatient available online at the Office of Small clinics provide eligible beneficiaries and Disadvantaged Business Utilization with ambulatory care. Regional offices Web site. Internet, http://www.va.gov/ grant benefits and services provided osdbu/. by law for veterans, their dependents, Veterans Business Ownership Services ​ and beneficiaries within an assigned The Center for Veterans Enterprise territory; furnish information regarding qualifies veteran-owned small businesses VA benefits and services; adjudicate to participate in VA VOSB set-asides. claims and make awards for disability This Center is a component of the Office compensation and pension; conduct of Small and Disadvantaged Business outreach and information dissemination; Utilization. Phone, 866–584–2344 or provide support and assistance to various 202–303–3260 Option #6. Internet, segments of the veteran population www.vetbiz.gov. Email, [email protected]. to include former prisoners of war, Employment The VA employs minority, homeless, women, and elderly physicians, dentists, podiatrists, veterans; supervise payment of VA optometrists, nurses, nurse anesthetists, benefits to incompetent beneficiaries; physician assistants, expanded- provide vocational rehabilitation function dental auxiliaries, registered and employment training; administer respiratory therapists, certified respiratory educational benefits; guarantee loans technicians, licensed physical therapists, for purchase, construction, or alteration occupational therapists, pharmacists, of homes; process grants for specially and licensed practical or vocational adapted housing; process death claims; nurses under VA’s excepted merit system. and assist veterans in exercising rights to This system does not require civil benefits and services. service eligibility. Other professional, For a storehouse of key staff and facility technical, administrative, and clerical information within 1,811 VA facilities, occupations, such as veterans claims use the link below. examiners, secretaries, and management Internet, http://www.va.gov/directory/guide/home. analysts, exist in VA that do require civil asp?isflash=1. service eligibility. Persons interested in employment should contact the human Sources of Information resources services office at the nearest VA facility, or use the link below to start Audiovisuals Persons interested in the building a career with the VA’s online availability of VA video productions resources. All qualified applicants will or exhibits for showing outside of VA receive consideration for appointments may write to the Chief, Media Services without regard to race, religion, color, Division (032B), Department of national origin, sex, political affiliation, Veterans Affairs, 810 Vermont Avenue or any nonmerit factor. Internet, http:// NW., Washington, DC 20420. Phone, www.va.gov/jobs/. 202–461–5282. Email, vacomedia- Freedom of Information Act Requests ​ [email protected]. The VA has a decentralized system Contracts Information on business for handling FOIA requests. All FOIA opportunities with the VA can be found requests should be addressed directly at www1.va.gov/oamm/oa/dbwva/index. to any of the approximately 400 cfm. Additional information is available geographically dispersed components at the Office of Acquisition and Material that may maintain the records you are Management Web site at www1.va.gov/ seeking. Requests can be sent by mail, oamm. Information on solicitations issued email, or facsimile. To see the list of VA by VA is available at www.va.gov/oamm/ offices authorized to receive requests, busopp/index.htm. visit http://www.FOIA_Offices.asp. Small Business Programs Persons If you are unsure which office is the seeking information on VA’s small and custodian of the records being sought, veteran-owned business programs may 318 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL send your request to: Director, FOIA Publications The “Annual Performance Service, (005R1C), 810 Vermont Avenue and Accountability Report” may be NW., Washington, DC 20420. Phone, obtained online at http://www.va.gov/ 877–750–3642. Fax 202–273–0487. budget/report/. Inspector General Inquiries and Hotline ​ The 2010 VA pamphlet, “Federal Publicly available documents and Benefits for Veterans, Dependents and information on the VA Office of Inspector Survivors” (80–98–1), is available for sale General are available at www.va.gov/ by the Superintendent of Documents, oig. Complaints may be sent by mail to Government Printing Office, Washington, the VA Inspector General (53E), P.O. Box DC 20402. This publication is also 50410, Washington, DC 20091–0410. available at http://www.va.gov/opa/ Hotline phone, 800–488–8244. Email, publication. [email protected]. The “Board of Veterans Appeals Index” Medical Center (Hospital) Design, (I–01–1), an index to appellate decisions, Construction, and Related Services ​ is available on microfiche in annual Construction projects for VA medical accumulation from July 1977 through centers and other facilities in excess of December 1994. The quarterly indexes $4 million are managed and controlled may be purchased for $7 and annual at the VA central office, located in cumulative indexes for $22.50. The Washington, DC. Projects requiring “VADEX/CITATOR of Appellate Research design, construction, and other related Materials” is a complete printed quarterly services are advertised on the FirstGov looseleaf accumulation of research Web site at www.usa.gov. Submit project- material which may be purchased for specific qualifications (SF 254 and SF $175 with binder and for $160 without 255) to the Director, A/E Evaluation binder. The Vadex Infobase, a computer- and Program Support Team (181A), 810 searchable version of the VADEX, is also Vermont Avenue NW., Washington, DC available on diskettes for $100 per copy. 20420. These publications may be obtained Additional information regarding the by contacting Promisel and Korn, Inc. selection process can be found on the Phone, 301–986–0650. Archived BVA VA Office of Facilities Management Web decisions are available at www.va.gov. site at www.cfm.va.gov. Construction An April 2002 pamphlet entitled “How projects for VA medical centers and Do I Appeal” (01–02–02A) is available other facilities which are less than $4 at www.bva.va.gov. Printed copies can million are managed and controlled be obtained at Mail Processing Section at the individual medical centers. For (014), Board of Veterans’ Appeals, 810 information regarding these specific Vermont Avenue, NW., Washington, DC projects, contact the Acquisition and 20420. There is no charge for individual Materiel Management Office at each copies. A large quantity of pamphlets may individual VA medical center. Addresses be purchased from the Superintendent of and additional information on VA Documents, Government Printing Office, medical centers can be found on the VA Washington, DC 20402. Call 202–512– Web site at www.va.gov/facilities. 1800 or visit www.gpoacess.gov/index. News Media Representatives may html for more information. contact VA through the nearest regional The VA pamphlet, “A Summary of Office of Public Affairs: Atlanta (404– Department of Veteran Affairs Benefits” 929–5880); Chicago (312–980–4235); (27–82–2), may be obtained without Dallas (817–385–3720); Denver (303– charge from any VA regional office. 914–5855); Los Angeles (310–268–4207); “Interments in VA National New York (212–807–3429); Washington, Cemeteries”, VA NCA–IS–1, details DC (202–530–9360). National media eligibility information and contains a may contact the Office of Public Affairs list of both national and State veterans in the VA Central Office, 810 Vermont cemeteries. Copies may be obtained Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20420. without charge from the National Phone, (202) 461–7400. Cemetery Administration (41C1), 810 Department of Veterans Affairs 319 Vermont Avenue NW., Washington, VA’s annual budget submission may be DC 20420. Call 800–827–1000 or visit obtained online at http://www.va.gov/ www.cem.va.gov for more information. budget. For further information, contact the Office of Public and Intergovernmental Affairs, Department of Veterans Affairs, 810 Vermont Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20420. Phone, 202–273–6000. Internet, http://www. va.gov/opa.

EXECUTIVE BRANCH: INDEPENDENT AGENCIES AND GOVERNMENT CORPORATIONS

ADMINISTRATIVE CONFERENCE OF THE UNITED STATES 1120 Twentieth Street NW., Suite 706 South, Washington, DC 20036 Phone, 202–480–2080. Fax, 202–386–7190. Internet, http://www.acus.gov.

Chairman Paul R. Verkuil Executive Director Matthew L. Wiener Research Director Gretchen E. Jacobs General Counsel Shawne C. McGibbon Deputy General Counsel David M. Pritzker Chief Financial and Operations Officer Harry M. Seidman Communications Director Megan C. Kindelan Council Vice Chair Thomasina V. Rogers Members Preeta D. Bansal, Ronald A. Cass, Steven P. Croley, Mariano- Florentino Cuéllar, Theodore B. Olson, Edith Ramirez, Jane C. Sherburne, Geovette E. Washington, (vacancy)

The Administrative Conference develops recommendations for improving the fairness and effectiveness of procedures by which Federal agencies administer regulatory, benefit, and other Government programs.

The Administrative Conference of of funding by Congress. Congress the United States was established as reauthorized the Conference in 2004 a permanent independent agency by and again in 2008. The 2004 legislation the Administrative Conference Act (5 expanded its responsibilities to include U.S.C. 591–596) enacted in 1964. The specific attention to achieving more Conference was the successor to two effective public participation and temporary Administrative Conferences efficiency, reducing unnecessary during the Eisenhower and Kennedy litigation, and improving the use of administrations. science in the rulemaking process. The Conference ceased operations on Funding was approved in 2009, and the October 31, 1995, due to termination 321 322 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL OR S Y ORNEY DIRECT TT A ASSEMBL AFF THE T S RESEARCH TES A T S UNITED THE OF Y T COUNSEL COUNSEL AL AL DEPU CHAIRMAN GENER GENER CONFERENCE TIVE A TR TIONS A OR ADMINIS DIRECT COMMUNIC OR DIRECT COUNCIL TIVE THE EXECU FINANCIAL OFFICER CHIEF Administrative Conference of theUnited States 323 Conference was officially re-established plenary session for discussion and a final in March 2010. vote. The deliberations of the committees By statute the Administrative and Assembly are open to the public. Conference has no fewer than 75 and Recommendations adopted by no more than 101 members, a majority the Conference may be addressed to of whom are Government officials. The administrative agencies, Congress, the Chairman of the Conference is appointed President, or the Judicial Conference. by the President with the advice and Most recommendations call for action consent of the Senate for a 5-year term. on the part of affected agencies or for The Council, which acts as the executive new legislation. A substantial number board, consists of the Chairman and of recommendations were implemented 10 other members appointed by the prior to the termination of Conference President for 3-year terms. Federal activities in 1995, and implementation officials named to the Council may activities are underway for the newer constitute no more than half of the total recommendations. Council membership. The Chairman is The Chairman may make independent the only full-time, compensated member inquiries into procedural matters, of the Conference. Members representing including matters proposed by individuals the private sector are appointed by the inside or outside the Government. The Chairman, with the approval of the purpose of such inquiries is to determine Council, for 2-year terms. whether the problems should be made The entire membership is divided the subject of Conference study in the into committees, each assigned a broad interest of developing fairer and more area of interest such as adjudication, effective or efficient procedures. administration, collaborative governance, Upon the request of the head of a judicial review, regulation, or department or agency, the Chairman rulemaking. The membership meeting in is authorized to furnish advice and plenary session constitutes the Assembly assistance on matters of administrative of the Conference, which by statute must procedure. The Conference may meet at least once, and customarily meets collect information and statistics from twice, each year. departments and agencies and publish such reports as it considers useful for Activities evaluating and improving administrative Subjects for inquiry are developed by processes. The Conference also serves the Chairman and approved by the as a forum for the interchange among Council, often based on input from departments and agencies of information government and nongovernment that may be useful in improving experts in administrative procedure. administrative practices and procedures. The committees conduct thorough studies of these subjects and propose Sources of Information recommendations, based on supporting The Conference makes available copies reports, ordinarily prepared for the of its recommendations and reports, Conference by expert consultants. news on work currently in progress, and Recommendations are evaluated by the Chairman’s annual report. Most of the Council and, if ready for Assembly this information, including documents, consideration, are distributed to the publications, and recommendations, is membership with the supporting reports available online. and placed on the agenda of the next For further information, contact the Office of the Chairman, Administrative Conference of the United States, 1120 Twentieth Street NW., Suite 706 South, Washington, DC 20036. Phone, 202–480–2080. Fax, 202–386– 7190. Email, [email protected]. Internet, http://www.acus.gov. 324 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION 1400 I Street NW., Suite 1000, Washington, DC 20005 Phone, 202–673–3916. Fax, 202–673–3810. Internet, http://www.usadf.gov.

Board of Directors Chairman John W. Leslie, Jr. Vice Chairman John O. Agwunobi Board Members Mimi Alemayehou, Ward Brehm, Morgan M. Davis, Iqbal Paroo, (vacancy) Staff President Shari Berenbach General Counsel Doris Mason Martin Chief Financial Officer and Director for William E. Schuerch Strategic Planning [For the African Development Foundation statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 22, Part 1501]

The African Development Foundation promotes development and empowerment in Africa and enhances and strengthens U.S. relations with Africa through effective development assistance.

The African Development Foundation The Foundation invests in private was established by the African and nongovernmental organizations in Development Foundation Act (22 U.S.C. Africa to promote and support innovative 290h) as a Government corporation to enterprise development, generate jobs, support the self-help efforts of the poor in and increase incomes of the poor. It seeks Africa. The Foundation is led by a Board to expand local institutional and financial of Directors, consisting of a Chairman, a capacities to foster entrepreneurship, Vice Chairman, and five Board Members, ownership, and community-based nominated by the President with the economic development among advice and consent on the Senate. marginalized and underserved populations in sub-Saharan Africa. For further information, contact the Office of the President, African Development Foundation, 1400 I Street NW., Suite 1000, Washington, DC 20005–2248. Phone, 202–673–3916. Fax, 202–673–3810. Email, info@ usadf.gov. Internet, http://www.usadf.gov.

BROADCASTING BOARD OF GOVERNORS 330 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20237 Phone, 202–203–4545. Internet, http://www.bbg.gov.

Chairman Jeffrey Shell Board Members Matthew C. Armstrong, Ryan C. Crocker, Susan McCue, Michael P. Meehan, Kenneth Weinstein, (2 vacancies) Secretary of State (ex officio) John F. Kerry General Counsel Paul Kollmer-Dorsey Chief Financial Officer Leslie Hyland Director, Global Strategy Robert Bole Director, Global Communications Suzie Carroll Broadcasting Board of Governors 325

Director, Global Operations André Mendes Deputy Director, International Broadcasting Jeffrey N. Trimble Bureau Director, Office of Communications and Lynne Weil External Affairs Director, Office of Strategy and Development Bruce Sherman Planning and Performance Measurement Director, Office of Digital and Design Adam Martin, Acting Innovation Director, Office of Marketing and Program Doug Boynton Placement Director, Office of Performance Review John Lippman, Acting Director, Office of Civil Rights Delia L. Johnson Director, Office of Contracts Cherylynn Peters, Acting Director, Office of Human Resources Donna Grace Director, Office of Security Fred Lang, Acting Director, Office of Policy Charles Goolsby Director, Office of Technology, Services and Terry Balazs, Acting Innovation, and Chief Information Officer Director, Voice of America David Ensor Director, Office of Cuba Broadcasting Carlos A. García-Pérez President, Radio Free Europe/Radio Libertys John Giambalvo, Acting, Nenad Pejic, Acting President, Radio Free Asia Libby Liu President, Middle East Broadcasting Networks Brian T. Conniff

The Broadcasting Board of Governors informs, engages, and connects people around the world in support of freedom and democracy.

The Broadcasting Board of Governors 1994, which include reliable, accurate, (BBG) became an independent agency and comprehensive news; balanced on October 1, 1999, by authority of the and comprehensive presentations of Foreign Affairs Reform and Restructuring U.S. thought, institutions, and policies, Act of 1998 (22 U.S.C. 6501 note). It as well as discussions about those is composed of nine members. Eight policies; information about developments members are appointed by the President throughout the world; and a variety of and confirmed by the Senate; the ninth, opinions from nations around the world. an ex officio member, is the Secretary of State. Activities The BBG serves as the governing International Broadcasting Bureau The body for all civilian U.S. international International Broadcasting Bureau (IBB) media and provides programming in 61 provides program delivery and essential languages via radio, television, and the support services for U.S. international Internet. The BBG broadcast services media. The IBB is responsible for include the Voice of America, the Office the BBG’s strategic planning and for of Cuba Broadcasting, Radio Free Europe/ integrating activities across the Federal Radio Liberty, Radio Free Asia, and the and grantee broadcasters for greater Middle East Broadcasting Networks. organizational efficiency. The IBB The BBG relies on the International manages a global network of transmitting Broadcasting Bureau for transmission sites, an extensive system of leased and technical support of its broadcast satellite and fiber optic circuits, and an services. increasing variety of rapidly growing All BBG broadcast services adhere to Internet and mobile audience platforms the broadcasting standards and principles and services. The IBB is responsible of the International Broadcasting Act of 326 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

OF CHIEF OFFICE FINANCIAL OFFICER AND OFFICE OF OFFICE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS PRINTING AND MAIL OPERATIONS COMMUNICATION REVIEW OFFICE OF PERFORMANCE OFFICE OF POLICY INNOVATION AND DESIGN OFFICE OF THE OFFICE OF DIGITAL GENERAL COUNSEL

BUREAU BOARD OF GOVERNORS INTERNATIONAL BROADCASTING OFFICE OF OFFICE OF CONTRACTS CIVIL RIGHTS BROADCASTING BOARD OF GOVERNORS BROADCASTING

NETWORK MIDDLE EAST RADIO LIBERTY BROADCASTING RADIO FREE ASIA OF CUBA VOICE OF AMERICA RADIO FREE EUROPE SECURITY OFFICE OF OFFICE OF OFFICE HUMAN RESOURCES STRATEGY OFFICE OF OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATION AND DEVELOPMENT OFFICE OF ANALYSIS AND ADMINISTRATION INNOVATION SERVICES, AND (CHIEF INFORMATION OFFICER) OFFICE OF TECHNOLOGY, Broadcasting Board of Governors 327 for program placement services and interactive content they seek. RFE/RL is marketing for all BBG broadcast funded by a grant from the BBG. organizations. It provides research and Internet, http://www.rferl.org. evaluations of broadcasts. The IBB manages the BBG’s financial operations, Radio Free Asia Radio Free Asia (RFA) legal support, and communications. It is a private, nonprofit news organization, also provides information technology, operating under a grant from the BBG. human resources, Equal Employment Broadcasting daily in nine languages Opportunity, procurement, security, to listeners in Asia whose governments and other administrative support for the restrict media, RFA delivers award- agency. winning, reliable news and information, along with a range of voices and opinions Internet, http://www.bbg.gov. from within Asia, to demonstrate Voice of America The Voice of America freedom of expression over the airwaves, (VOA) is a multimedia international on television, and online. Through broadcasting service funded by shortwave, medium wave, satellite and the U.S. Government through the transmission television, social media, Broadcasting Board of Governors. VOA and the Internet, RFA broadcasts in began broadcasting in 1942 and now Mandarin, Cantonese, Uyghur, three reaches more than 164 million people Tibetan dialects, Burmese, Vietnamese, worldwide. VOA provides accurate, Korean, Lao, and Khmer. Headquartered comprehensive, and trustworthy news in Washington, DC, RFA has seven and information, as well as informed overseas bureaus and a vast network of discussion about the United States and correspondents around the world. the world. It strives to engage audiences Internet, http://www.rfa.org. in regions deemed critical to the U.S. through the preferred medium—radio, Middle East Broadcasting Networks ​ television, Internet, or digital media— The Middle East Broadcasting Networks, of the people in those regions. VOA Inc. (MBN) is the nonprofit news broadcasts approximately 1,800 hours organization that operates Alhurra of news, information, educational, and Television, Radio Sawa, and MBN Digital cultural programming every week to a under a grant from the BBG. Alhurra, global audience. Programs are produced Radio Sawa, and MBN Digital provide in 45 languages. an open line of communication between the people of the Middle East and the Internet, http://www.voanews.com. United States. MBN’s networks deliver Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty ​ accurate information on the United Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/ States, its policies, and its people with RL) is a private nonprofit corporation a broad range of perspectives and an reaching more than 19 million people exchange of ideas on relevant issues. in 28 languages and in 21 countries, MBN networks have an audience of more including Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, than 30 million people in 21 countries in Pakistan, and Russia. RFE/RL journalists the Middle East and North Africa. provide what many people cannot get Internet, http://www.alhurra.com/. locally: uncensored news, responsible discussion, and open debate. RFE/RL Office of Cuba Broadcasting The uses the latest digital technologies—the Office of Cuba Broadcasting conducts Internet, SMS text messaging, online the operations of the Martís at its video, satellite radio, and popular social headquarters in Miami, FL. The Martís are media networks—and trusted broadcast a multimedia hub of news, information, radio to reach people in some of the most and analysis that provides the people of closed societies on Earth. With more Cuba with interactive programs 7 days than 60 years of surrogate broadcasting a week through television (satellite and experience, RFE/RL continues to bring transmission), shortwave and medium audiences the rich, immediate, and wave radio, as well as flash drives, emails, DVDs, and SMS text. Combined 328 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL with the online platform, martinoticias. that brings objective information to all com, they are a one-of-kind service Cubans. Internet, http://www.martinoticias.com. For further information, contact the Office of Public Affairs, Broadcasting Board of Governors, 330 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20237. Phone, 202–203–4400. Fax, 202–203–4961. Email, [email protected]. Internet, http://www.bbg.gov.

CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY Washington, DC 20505 Phone, 703–482–0623. Internet, http://www.cia.gov.

Director John O. Brennan Deputy Director Avril D. Haines [For the Central Intelligence Agency statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 32, Part 1900]

The Central Intelligence Agency collects, evaluates, and disseminates vital information on political, military, economic, scientific, and other developments abroad needed to safeguard national security.

The Central Intelligence Agency was authorized to engage in human source established by the National Security collection. Act of 1947, as amended (50 U.S.C. In coordination with other 401 et seq.). It now functions under departments, agencies, and authorized that statute, Executive Order 12333 of elements of the United States December 4, 1981, the Intelligence Government, the Agency ensures that Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of resources are used effectively and 2004 (50 U.S.C. 401 note), and other that adequate consideration is given laws, Executive orders, regulations, and to the risks, both to the United States directives. and to those involved in collecting The Central Intelligence Agency is intelligence abroad. The Agency carries headed by the Director, whom the out other intelligence-related tasks President appoints with the advice and that are necessary for safeguarding consent of the Senate. national security, as the President or The Central Intelligence Agency the Director of National Intelligence uses human source collection and (DNI) may indicate. Under the other appropriate means to gather direction of the DNI and consistent intelligence; however, it neither carries with section 207 of the Foreign Service out internal security functions nor Act of 1980, the Agency coordinates exercises police, subpoena, or other relationships between elements of law enforcement powers. The Agency the U.S. Intelligence Community and correlates, evaluates, and disseminates the security or intelligence services of national security intelligence. It also foreign governments or international directs and coordinates intelligence organizations in matters of national collecting outside the United States by security and clandestine intelligence. U.S. Intelligence Community elements For further information, contact the Central Intelligence Agency, Office of Public Affairs, Washington, DC 20505. Phone, 703–482–0623. Fax, 571–204–3800. Internet, https://www.cia.gov. Commodity Futures Trading Commission 329 COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 1155 Twenty-first Street NW, Washington, DC 20581 Phone, 202–418–5000. Fax, 202–418–5521. Internet, http://www.cftc.gov.

Chairman Timothy G. Massad Commissioners Sharon Y. Bowen, J. Christopher Giancarlo, Scott D. O’Malia, (vacancy) General Counsel Jonathan L. Marcus Executive Director Anthony C. Thompson Director, Division of Market Oversight Vince A. McGonagle Director, Division of Clearing and Risk Ananda Radhakrishnan Director, Division of Swap Dealer and Gary Barnett Intermediary Oversight Director, Division of Enforcement Gretchen Lowe Director, Office of International Affairs Sarah Josephson Chief Economist Sayee Srinivasan Chief Information Officer John Rogers [For the Commodity Futures Trading Commission statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 17, Part 140]

The Commodity Futures Trading Commission fosters open, competitive, and financially sound markets by protecting market users and the public from fraud, manipulation, abusive practices, and systemic risk related to derivatives subject to the Commodity Exchange Act.

The Commodity Futures Trading Executive Director, the General Counsel, Commission was established by the Chief Economist, International Affairs, the Commodity Futures Trading and Data and Technology. Commission Act of 1974 (7 U.S.C. 2). The Commission began operation in Activities April 1975, and its authority to regulate The Commission regulates trading on futures trading was renewed by Congress the U.S. futures and options markets, in 1978, 1982, 1986, 1992, 1995, which offer commodity futures and 2000, and 2008. In 2010, the Dodd- options contracts, as well as the swaps Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer marketplace in the United States. This Protection Act (12 U.S.C. 5301 et seq.) oversight of the derivatives marketplace is gave the Commission new and expanded carried out through the various activities responsibilities and authorities for of the Commission. regulation of the swaps marketplace. The Commission oversees derivatives The Commission consists of five clearing organizations and other market Commissioners who are appointed by the participants in the clearing process, President, with the advice and consent including futures commission merchants, of the Senate. One Commissioner is swap dealers, major swap participants, designated by the President to serve as and large traders. In addition, the Chairman. The Commissioners serve Commission oversees the registration and staggered 5-year terms, and by law no compliance of intermediaries and futures more than three Commissioners can industry self-regulatory organizations, belong to the same political party. The including U.S. derivatives exchanges Commission has nine major operating and the National Futures Association. components: the Divisions of Market The Commission also oversees trade Oversight, Clearing and Risk, Swap execution facilities and data repositories, Dealer and Intermediary Oversight, conducts surveillance, reviews new Enforcement, and the Offices of the exchange applications, and examines 330 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL SWAP DEALER AND INTERMEDIARY OVERSIGHT COMMISSIONER MARKET OVERSIGHT EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR COMMISSIONER NEW YORK INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS AND INCLUSION OFFICE OF DIVERSITY CHAIRMAN KANSAS CITY ENFORCEMENT REGIONAL OFFICES PUBLIC AFFAIRS LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS INSPECTOR GENERAL CHICAGO COMMODITY FUTURESTRADING COMMISSION DATA AND TECHNOLOGY COMMISSIONER GENERAL COUNSEL CLEARING AND RISK COMMISSIONER CHIEF ECONOMIST Consumer Financial Protection Bureau 331 existing exchanges to ensure compliance regulations. Potential violations include with applicable core principles. Under fraud, manipulation, and other abuses the Dodd-Frank Act, the Commission concerning commodity derivatives and is also responsible for developing and swaps that threaten market integrity, monitoring compliance with regulations market participants, and the general addressing registration, business conduct public. standards, capital adequacy, and margin The Commission maintains regional requirements for swap dealers and major offices in Chicago, IL, and New York, NY, swap participants. where many of the Nation’s designated Exercising the Commission’s authority, contract markets are located. An its staff also investigates and prosecutes additional regional office is located in alleged violations of the Commodity Kansas City, MO. Exchange Act and Commission For further information, contact the Office of Public Affairs, Commodity Futures Trading Commission, 1155 Twenty-first Street NW., Washington, DC 20581. Phone, 202–418–5080. Internet, http://www.cftc.gov.

CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU 1700 G Street NW., Washington, DC 20552 Phone, 202–435–7000. Internet, http://www.consumerfinance.gov.

Director Richard Cordray Deputy Director Steven Antonakes Chief of Staff, Office of the Director Christopher D’Angelo Ombudsman Wendy Kamenshine Administrative Law Judge (vacancy) Chief Operating Officer Sartaj Alag Chief Administrative Officer Suzanne Tosini Chief Financial Officer Stephen Agostini Chief Human Capital Officer Dennis Slagter Chief Information Officer Ashwin Vasan Assistant Director, Office of Consumer Scott Pluta Response Director, Office of Minority and Women Stuart Ishimaru Inclusion Chief Procurement Officer David Gragan Assistant Director, Office of Equal Opportunity M. Stacey Bach Employment Associate Director, Consumer Education and Gail Hillebrand Engagement Assistant Director, Consumer Engagement Peter Jackson Assistant Director, Financial Education Camille Busette Assistant Director, Financial Empowerment Daniel Dodd-Ramirez Assistant Director, Older Americans Nora Eisenhower Assistant Director, Servicemember Affairs Hollister Petraeus Assistant Director, Students Rohit Chopra Associate Director, Supervision, Enforcement, Steven Antonakes and Fair Lending Assistant Director, Enforcement Kent Markus Assistant Director, Fair Lending and Equal Patrice Ficklin Opportunity Assistant Director, Office of Supervision Paul Sanford Examinations 332 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Assistant Director, Office of Supervision Policy Peggy Twohig Associate Director, Markets and Regulations David Silberman Assistant Director, Card Markets William Wade-Gery, Acting Assistant Director, Credit Information, Bayard Stone, Jr. Collections, and Deposits Markets Assistant Director, Installment and Liquidity Jeffrey Langer Lending Markets Assistant Director, Mortgage Markets Abhishek Agarwal, Acting Assistant Director, Regulations Kelly Cochran Assistant Director, Research Christopher Carroll Associate Director, External Affairs Zixta Martinez Assistant Director, Communications Jennifer Howard Assistant Director, Community Affairs Chris Vaeth Assistant Director, Office of Financial Daniel Smith Institutions and Business Liaisons Staff Director, Consumer Advisory Board and Delicia Hand Councils Assistant Director, Intergovernmental Affairs Cheryl Parker-Rose Assistant Director, Legislative Affairs Catherine Galicia General Counsel Meredith Fuchs Principal Deputy General Counsel (vacancy) Deputy General Counsel, General Law and Richard Lepley Ethics Deputy General Counsel, Oversight, Litigation To-Quyen Truong and Enforcement Support Deputy General Counsel, Law and Policy Stephen Van Meter

The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau educates consumers to recognize predatory practices; enforces Federal consumer financial laws and supervises banks, credit unions, and other financial companies; and studies consumer financial markets, financial services providers, and consumers.

The Consumer Financial Protection protection laws; restricting unfair, Bureau (CFPB) is an independent Federal deceptive, or abusive acts or practices; agency established by title X of the Dodd- taking consumer complaints; promoting Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer financial education; researching Protection Act of 2012 (12 U.S.C. 5491). consumer behavior; monitoring financial CFPB is headed by a Director, whom markets for new risks to consumers; the President appoints and the Senate and enforcing laws that prohibit confirms. discrimination and other unfair treatment The Bureau regulates the offering in consumer finance. and provision of consumer financial products and services under Federal Sources of Information consumer financial laws. It works to give Consumer Help For consumer help, consumers the information they need to call 855–411–2372, 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. understand the terms of their agreements eastern standard time, weekdays. TTY/ with financial companies. It also works to TDD, 855–729–2372. Information is also make regulations and guidance as clear available by writing to the Consumer and streamlined as possible so providers Financial Protection Bureau, P.O. Box of consumer financial products and 4503, Iowa City, IA 52244. Email, info@ services can understand and follow the consumerfinance.gov. Internet, http:// rules without assistance. www.consumerfinance.gov/askcfpb/. CFPB’s principal activities center on Publications Bulk orders of CFPB writing rules, supervising companies, and publications, in both English and Spanish, enforcing Federal consumer financial Consumer Financial Protection Bureau 333 LAW AND POLICY PRINCIPAL DEPUTY GENERAL COUNSEL DEPUTY GENERAL COUNSEL DEPUTY GENERAL COUNSEL DEPUTY GENERAL COUNSEL GENERAL COUNSEL ENFORCEMENT SUPPORT GENERAL LAW AND ETHICS OVERSIGHT, LITIGATION, AND AFFAIRS STAFF DIRECTOR ASSISTANT DIRECTOR ASSISTANT DIRECTOR ASSISTANT DIRECTOR ASSISTANT DIRECTOR ASSISTANT DIRECTOR INSTITUTIONS AND COMMUNICATIONS ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR BUSINESS LIAISONS INTERGOVERMENTAL LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS COMMUNITY AFFAIRS OFFICE OF FINANCIAL EXTERNAL AFFAIRS CONSUMER ADVISORY LAW JUDGE BOARD AND COUNCILS ADMINISTRATIVE MARKETS RESEARCH REGULATIONS CARD MARKETS ASSISTANT DIRECTOR ASSISTANT DIRECTOR ASSISTANT DIRECTOR ASSISTANT DIRECTOR ASSISTANT DIRECTOR ASSISTANT DIRECTOR LENDING MARKETS ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR CHIEF OF STAFF AND REGULATIONS MORTGAGE MARKETS CREDIT INFORMATION, RESEARCH, MARKETS INSTALLMENT AND LIQUIDITY COLLECTIONS, AND DEPOSITS DIRECTOR OFFICE OF OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT ASSISTANT DIRECTOR ASSISTANT DIRECTOR ASSISTANT DIRECTOR ASSISTANT DIRECTOR FAIR LENDING AND DEPUTY DIRECTOR ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR AND FAIR LENDING SUPERVISION POLICY EQUAL OPPORTUNITY SUPERVISION EXAMINIATIONS SUPERVISION, ENFORCEMENT, CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU OMBUDSMAN AFFAIRS STUDENTS ASSISTANT DIRECTOR ASSISTANT DIRECTOR ASSISTANT DIRECTOR ASSISTANT DIRECTOR ASSISTANT DIRECTOR ASSISTANT DIRECTOR SERVICEMEMBER OLDER AMERICANS ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR AND ENGAGEMENT FINANCIAL EDUCATION CONSUMER ENGAGEMENT CONSUMER EDUCATION FINANCIAL EMPOWERMENT MINORITY OFFICER OFFICER OFFICER OFFICER OFFICE OF OFFICER CHIEF HUMAN ASSISTANT DIRECTOR ASSISTANT DIRECTOR CHIEF FINANCIAL CAPITAL OFFICER OFFICE OF EQUAL ASSISTANT DIRECTOR ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR CHIEF INFORMATION CHIEF OPERATING CHIEF PROCUREMENT CHIEF ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE OF CONSUMER RESPONSE AND WOMEN INCLUSION ** EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY ** ASSISTANT DIRECTOR FOR PROCUREMENT ** Position has direct reporting responsibilities to the Director. 334 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL can be ordered online. Internet, http:// violators, contractors, vendors, or promotions.usa.gov/cfpbpubs.html. industry competitors, should call Whistleblowers The Bureau welcomes 855–695–7974 or send an email to tips from people who know of potential [email protected]. Internet, http:// Federal consumer financial law www.consumerfinance.gov/blog/the- violations. Whistleblowers and law cfpb-wants-you-to-blow-the-whistle-on- enforcement tipsters, including current lawbreakers/. or former employees of potential For further information, contact the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, 1700 G Street NW., Washington, DC 20552. Phone, 202–435–7000. Email, [email protected]. Internet, http://www.consumerfinance. gov.

CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION 4330 East-West Highway, Bethesda, MD 20814 Phone, 301–504–7923. Internet, http://www.cpsc.gov.

Chair Robert S. Adler, Acting Commissioners Ann M. Buerkle, Marietta Robinson, Joseph P. Mohorovic, Elliot F. Kaye General Counsel Stephanie Tsacoumis Director, Office of Legislative Affairs Jenilee Keefe Singer, Acting Director, the Secretariat Todd A. Stevenson Director, Office of Equal Employment Kathleen V. Buttrey Opportunity and Minority Enterprise Executive Director Elliot Kaye Deputy Executive Director, Operations Support DeWane Ray Deputy Executive Director, Safety Operations Jay Howell Assistant Executive Director, Office of Hazard George Borlase Identification and Reduction Inspector General Christopher W. Dentel Director, Office of Human Resources Donna M. Simpson Management Director, Office of Global Outreach, Education, Jay Howell and Small Business Ombudsman Assistant Executive Director, Office of Patrick D. Weddle Information and Technology Services Director, Office of Communications Scott J. Wolfson Director, Office of Financial Management, Jay Hoffman Planning and Evaluation Director, Office of Compliance and Field Marc J. Schoem Operations Director, Office of Import Survelliance Carol Cave Director, Office of Facilities Douglas Brown [For the Consumer Product Safety Commission statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 16, Part 1000]

The Consumer Product Safety Commission protects the public by reducing the risk of injuries and deaths from consumer products.

The Consumer Product Safety independent regulatory agency by Commission was established as an the Consumer Product Safety Act Consumer Product Safety Commission 335 T ARIA COUNSEL AL , SECRET COMMISSIONER THE GENER VICES AND GEMENT AND SER TION A TION MANA Y ALU ANNING, T EV PL INFORMA TIVE MINORIT YMENT TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL OR SUPPOR AND Y EXECU COMMISSIONER EMPLO Y T TIONS DIRECT ENTERPRISE AL A TUNIT DEPU EQU VICES OPER OPPOR SER COMMISSION GEMENT RESOURCES Y MANA OR CILITIES A HUMAN F DIRECT SAFET TIVE CHAIRMAN ANCE EXECU SMALL GLOBAL VEILL AND OMBUDSMAN PRODUCT SUR TION, CH, A T AL TREA TIVE EDUC TIONS IMPOR OU BUSINESS A OR GENER EXECU OR OPER Y Y T DIRECT TION AFET CONSUMER FIELD A DEPU INSPECT S AND TIONS COMMISSIONER A IDENTIFIC REDUCTION OPER AND AIRS COMPLIANCE HAZARD AFF TIVE A LEGISL COMMISSIONER TIONS A COMMUNIC 336 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL (15 U.S.C. 2051 et seq.) in 1973 and hazards; assists in the development of reauthorized by the Consumer Product voluntary safety standards; establishes Safety Improvement Act of 2008. The mandatory consumer product standards; Commission consists of up to five bans hazardous consumer products; members, who are appointed by the and conducts outreach programs President with the advice and consent of for consumers, industry, and local the Senate, for 7-year terms. governments. The Commission implements CPSC operates SaferProducts.gov, provisions of the Flammable Fabrics where consumers can view and report Act (15 U.S.C. 1191); Poison Prevention on unsafe consumer products. The Packaging Act of 1970 (15 U.S.C. Commission also has a special project 1471); Federal Hazardous Substances to reach underserved Americans. The Act (15 U.S.C. 1261); act of August 2, Neighborhood Safety Network is an effort 1956 (15 U.S.C. 1211), prohibiting the to disseminate safety information to hard- transportation of refrigerators without to-reach populations by partnering with door safety devices; Children’s Gasoline organizations within these populations. Burn Prevention Act (15 U.S.C. 2056 Organizations may register for this note); and Virginia Graeme Baker Pool program at www.cpsc.gov/nsn. and Spa Safety Act (15 U.S.C. 8001 et seq.). Sources of Information Consumer Information The Activities Commission operates a toll-free To help protect the public from risks Consumer Product Safety Hotline, of injury and deaths associated with 800–638–2772 (English and Spanish), consumer products, the Commission and a teletypewriter for the hearing- requires manufacturers to report defects impaired, 800–595–7054. Additional in products that could present substantial safety information may be obtained from hazards and carry out consumer recalls www.Recalls.gov, www.PoolSafely.gov, to address hazards in consumer products; and www.ATVSafety.gov. Internet, http:// collects information on consumer www.cpsc.gov. product-related injuries and maintains Reading Room A public information an Injury Information Clearinghouse; room is maintained at the Commission’s conducts research on consumer product headquarters. For further information, contact the Office of Information and Public Affairs, Consumer Product Safety Commission, 4330 East-West Highway, Bethesda, MD 20814. Phone, 301–504–7908. Email, [email protected]. Internet, http://www.cpsc.gov.

CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE 1201 New York Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20525 Phone, 202–606–5000. Internet, http://www.nationalservice.gov.

Chair Lisa García Quiroz Vice Chair (vacancy) Members Janet Hartley, Hyepin Im, Matthew F. McCabe, Phyllis N. Segal, (9 vacancies) Chief Executive Officer Wendy Spencer Chief of Staff Asim Mishra Inspector General Deborah J. Jeffrey Chief Financial Officer David Rebich Corporation for National and Community Service 337

Chief Human Capital Officer Andrew M. Wasilisin Chief Information Officer Philip W. Clark Chief Operating Officer (vacancy) Chief Strategy Officer Melissa Bradley-Burns Director, Social Innovation Fund Michael D. Smith, III Director, AmeriCorps*NCCC (vacancy) Director, AmeriCorps*State and National William C. Basl Director, AmeriCorps*VISTA (vacancy) Director, Senior Corps Erwin Tan Director, Civil Rights and Inclusiveness (vacancy) Chief of External Affairs Theodore S. Miller Director, Government Relations Kimberly L. Allman General Counsel Valerie E. Green

The Corporation for National and Community Service fosters civic engagement through service and volunteering.

The Corporation for National and volunteers, tutor and mentor youth, build Community Service (CNCS) was affordable housing, teach computer skills, established on October 1, 1993, by clean parks and streams, run afterschool the National and Community Service programs, and help communities respond Trust Act of 1993 (42 U.S.C. 12651 et to disasters and nonprofit groups to seq.). CNCS is a Federal corporation become self-sustaining. In exchange for governed by a 15-member bipartisan a year of full-time service, AmeriCorps Board of Directors, appointed by the members earn an education award President and with the advice and that can be used to pay for college consent of the Senate. The Board has or graduate school, or to pay back responsibility for overall policy direction qualified student loans. Since 1994 of the Corporation’s activities and more than 800,000 Americans have has the power to make all final grant served in AmeriCorps. AmeriCorps has decisions, approve the strategic plan and three main programs: AmeriCorps*State annual budget, and advise and make and National, AmeriCorps*NCCC, and recommendations to the President and AmeriCorps*VISTA. the Congress regarding changes in the AmeriCorps*State and National national service laws. supports a wide range of local service As the nation’s largest grantmaker for programs that engage thousands of service and volunteering, CNCS engages Americans in intensive community more than 5 million Americans in service service each year, providing grants through its core programs—AmeriCorps, to a network of local and national Senior Corps, the Social Innovation Fund, organizations and agencies committed to and the Volunteer Generation Fund—and using national service to address critical leads President Obama’s national call community needs in education, public to service initiative, United We Serve. safety, health, and the environment. Each CNCS harnesses America’s most powerful of these organizations and agencies, in resource: the energy and talents of our turn, uses their AmeriCorps funding to citizens. From grade school through recruit, place, and supervise AmeriCorps retirement, CNCS empowers Americans members nationwide. and fosters a lifetime of service to AmeriCorps*State and National improve lives, strengthen communities, operates through national and local and foster civic engagement. nonprofit organizations, public agencies, AmeriCorps AmeriCorps provides and faith-based and community intensive opportunities for more than groups. More than three-quarters of 75,000 Americans each year to serve AmeriCorps grant funding goes to their communities. AmeriCorps members Governor-appointed State Service recruit, train, and supervise community commissions, which in turn award grants 338 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

EVALUATION RESEACH AND GENERAL COUNSEL INSPECTOR GENERAL OFFICER OFFICER * INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY * CHIEF OPERATING HUMAN CAPITAL AND OVERSIGHT CHIEF FINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY CHIEF OF STAFF BOARD OF DIRECTORS CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER RELATIONS GOVERNMENT

AFFAIRS EXTERNAL OFFICER CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE CHIEF OF STRATEGY FUND CORPS AMERICA TE AND NATIONAL AMERICORPS AMERICORPS AMERICORPS FIELD LIAISON SENIOR CORPS STA SOCIAL INNOVATION OLUNTEERS IN SERVICETO V NATIONAL CIVILIAN COMMUNITY * Denotes staff that also have reporting line to the Chief Executive Officer. Corporation for National and Community Service 339 to nonprofit groups to respond to local the Martin Luther King, Jr. National Day needs. AmeriCorps*NCCC (National of Service, the September 11th National Civilian Community Corps) is a team- Day of Service and Remembrance, based, residential program for men and National Mentoring Month, the women from age 18 to 24 that combines President’s Higher Education Community the best practices of civilian service, Service Honor Roll, and United We including leadership and team building. Serve, a nationwide effort launched with AmeriCorps*VISTA (Volunteers in Service the White House in 2009 to engage to America) members serve full-time, for Americans in service to meet community 1 year, in nonprofits, public agencies, needs. As a result of United We Serve, and faith-based organizations to fight hundreds of thousands of Americans poverty, improve health services, increase have joined with friends and neighbors housing opportunities, and bridge the to replenish food banks, provide health digital divide. services, support veterans and military Senior Corps Senior Corps taps the families, restore public lands, and more. skills, talents, and experience of more CNCS has also partnered with other than 330,000 Americans age 55 and agencies and nonprofit organizations older to meet a wide range of community on the “Let’s Read!” initiative to reduce challenges through three programs: summer reading loss and the “Let’s Retired and Senior Volunteers Program Move!” initiative to combat childhood (RSVP), Foster Grandparents, and Senior obesity, and “Joining Forces,” an effort Companions. RSVP volunteers help led by First Lady Michelle Obama and local police departments conduct safety Dr. Jill Biden to engage Americans in patrols, participate in environmental supporting veterans and military families. projects, provide intensive educational The Corporation and its programs work services to children and adults, respond with the USA Freedom Corps, established to natural disasters, and recruit other on January 29, 2002, by Executive Order volunteers. Foster Grandparents serve 13254. USA Freedom Corps is a White as tutors and mentors to young people House initiative to foster a culture of with special needs. Senior Companions citizenship, service, and responsibility, help homebound seniors and other and help all Americans answer the adults maintain independence in their President’s call to service. own homes. Senior Corps volunteers served 1.5 million Americans, including Sources of Information 560,000 veterans and 300,000 children. Electronic Access For information on Social Innovation Fund The Social programs and activities, visit CNCS’s Innovation Fund (SIF) is an approach to Web site. For information on joining transforming lives and communities that AmeriCorps, visit www.nationalservice. positions the Federal Government to gov/AmeriCorps. Internet, http://www. be a catalyst for promoting community nationalservice.gov. solutions with evidence of strong General Information For information results. A key White House initiative on AmeriCorps, call 800–942–2677. For and program of CNCS, the Fund seeks information on Senior Corps programs, to identify solutions that work and to call 800–424–8867. TDD, 202–565– make them work for more people. SIF 2799. combines public and private resources Grants To find discretionary funding to foster innovative community-based opportunities that Federal agencies have solutions that have produced results in posted, use the Grants.gov Web site. low-income communities in three priority State program offices and commissions areas: economic opportunity, health, and on national and community service are youth development. located in most States. They are the best Other Initiatives As the Federal agency sources of information on programs in for service and volunteerism, CNCS specific States or communities. Contact carries out the Call to Service authority in information for CNCS State offices and multiple ways. CNCS’s initiatives include: State service commissions is listed on 340 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL CNCS’s Web site. Internet, http://www. grants.gov/web/grants/home.html. For further information, contact the Corporation for National and Community Service, 1201 New York Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20525. Phone, 202–606–5000. Internet, http://www.nationalservice.gov.

DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES SAFETY BOARD 625 Indiana Avenue NW., Suite 700, Washington, DC 20004 Phone, 202–694–7000. Fax, 202–208–6518. Internet, http://www.dnfsb.gov.

Chairman Peter S. Winokur Vice Chair Jessie H. Roberson Members Joseph F. Bader, Sean Sullivan, (vacancy) General Counsel Richard N. Reback, Acting General Manager Mark T. Welch, Acting Technical Director Steven Stokes

The Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board reviews and evaluates the content and implementation of standards relating to the design, construction, operation, and decommissioning of the Department of Energy’s defense nuclear facilities.

The Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety for defense nuclear facilities of the Board was established as an independent Department of Energy (DOE); investigates agency on September 29, 1988, by the any event or practice at these facilities Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended which may adversely affect public (42 U.S.C. 2286–2286i). health and safety; and reviews and The Board is composed of five monitors the design, construction, and members appointed by the President with operation of facilities. The Board makes the advice and consent of the Senate. recommendations to the Secretary of Members of the Board are appointed Energy concerning DOE defense nuclear from among United States citizens who facilities to ensure adequate protection are respected experts in the field of of public health and safety. In the event nuclear safety. that any aspect of operations, practices, or occurrences reviewed by the Board Activities is determined to present an imminent or The Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety severe threat to public health and safety, Board reviews and evaluates the content the Board transmits its recommendations and implementation of standards directly to the President. For further information, contact the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board, 625 Indiana Avenue NW., Suite 700, Washington, DC 20004. Phone, 202–694–7000. Internet, http://www.dnfsb.gov.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20460 Phone, 202–272–0167. Internet, http://www.epa.gov.

Administrator Regina McCarthy Deputy Administrator Robert Perciasepe Associate Administrator for External Affairs and Thomas Reynolds Environmental Education Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board 341 COUNSEL GENERAL LEGAL COUNSEL DEPUTY GENERAL BOARD Y SAFET OR AL TIES OR ICAL DIRECT MEMBER MEMBER MEMBER TECHNIC AL CHAIRMAN FACILI DIRECT CHAIRMAN TECHN VICE BOARD BOARD BOARD DEPUTY TECHNIC NUCLEAR DEFENSE TION RA MANAGER GENERAL MANAGER DEPUTY GENERAL ADMINIST 342 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Associate Administrator for Congressional and Laura Vaught Intergovernmental Relations Associate Administrator for Policy Joel Beauvais Associate Administrator for Homeland Security Peter Jutro, Acting Chief Judge, Office of Administrative Law Susan L. Biro Judges Director, Executive Secretariat Eric Wachter Director, Office of Children’s Health Protection Jacqueline Mosby, Acting Director, Office of Civil Rights Velveta Golightly-Howell Director, Office of Federal Advisory Committee Cynthia Jones-Jackson, Acting Management and Outreach Director, Office of Executive Services Diane N. Bazzle Director, Office of Small Business Programs Jeanette L. Brown Director, Science Advisory Board Christopher Zarba Lead Environmental Appeals Judge, Lessye Fraser Environmental Appeals Board Assistant Administrator for Administration and Craig E. Hooks Resources Management Assistant Administrator for Air and Radiation Janet McCabe, Acting Assistant Administrator for Enforcement and Cynthia Giles Compliance Assurance Assistant Administrator for Environmental Renee Wynn, Acting Information Assistant Administrator for International and Jane Nishida, Acting Tribal Affairs Assistant Administrator for Chemical Safety and James J. Jones Pollution Prevention Assistant Administrator for Research and Lek Kadeli, Acting Development Assistant Administrator for Solid Waste and Mathy V. Stanislaus Emergency Response Assistant Administrator for Water Nancy Stoner, Acting Chief Financial Officer Maryann Froelich, Acting General Counsel Avi S. Garbow Inspector General Arthur A. Elkins, Jr.

The Environmental Protection Agency protects human health and safeguards the environment.

The Environmental Protection Agency standards, including emission standards (EPA) was established in the executive for stationary sources, for mobile sources, branch as an independent agency and for hazardous air pollutants. It also pursuant to Reorganization Plan No. 3 of conducts research and disseminates 1970 (5 U.S.C. app.), effective December information on indoor air pollutants. 2, 1970. The Agency facilitates This Office provides technical direction, coordinated and effective governmental support, and evaluation of regional air action to protect the environment. It activities; offers training in the field of also serves as the public’s advocate for a air pollution control; gives technical livable environment. assistance to States and agencies operating radiation protection programs; Core Functions and provides technical support and Air and Radiation The Office of Air policy direction to international efforts and Radiation develops air quality to reduce global and transboundary air policies, programs, regulations, and pollution and its effects. For further information, call 202–564–7400. Environmental Protection Agency 343

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR

OFFICE OF THE OFFICE OF EXECUTIVE ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGES SECRETARIAT ASSOCIATE ADMINISTRATOR FOR EXTERNAL AFFAIRS AND OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF EDUCATION SERVICES CIVIL RIGHTS ASSOCIATE ADMINISTRATOR FOR CONGRESSIONAL AND INTERGOVERNMENTAL SCIENCESCIENCE OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATOR RELATIONS ADVISORADVISORYY CHILDREN'S HEALTH BOARDBOARDSTAFF DEPUTY OFFICE PROTECTION ADMINISTRATOR ASSOCIATE ADMINISTRATOR OFFICE OF THE FOR HOMELAND OFFICE OF FEDERAL SECURITY SMALL ADVISORY BUSINESS COMMITTEE PROGRAMS MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATE AND OUTREACH ASSOCIATE ADMINISTRAADMINISTRATORTOR FOR POLICYFOR, ECONOMICSPOLICY AND INNOVATION ENVIRONMENTAL APPEALS BOARD

ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR FOR ADMINISTRATOR FOR CHIEF GENERAL INSPECTOR ADMINISTRATION FOR ENFORCEMENT FINANCIAL COUNSEL GENERAL AND RESOURCES AIR AND AND COMPLIANCE OFFICER MANAGEMENT RADIATION ASSURANCE

ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR ADMINISTRATOR ADMINISTRATOR ADMINISTRATOR ADMINISTRATOR ASSISTANT FOR FOR FOR FOR FOR ADMINISTRATOR CHEMICAL SAFETY SOLID WASTE AND ENVIRONMENTAL INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH AND FOR WATER AND POLLUTION EMERGENCY INFORMATION AND TRIBAL DEVELOPMENT AFFAIRS PREVENTION RESPONSE

REGION I REGION II REGION III REGION IV REGION V REGION VI (BOSTON, MA) (NEW YORK, NY) (PHILADELPHIA, PA) (ATLANTA, GA) (CHICAGO, IL) (DALLAS,TX)

REGION VII REGION VIII REGION IX REGION X (KANSAS CITY, KS) (DENVER, CO) (SAN FRANCISCO, CA) (SEATTLE,WA) 344 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Water The Office of Water provides programs for implementing the Pollution agencywide policy, guidance and Prevention Act. The Office develops direction for EPA’s water quality, drinking recommendations for EPA’s priorities water, groundwater, wetlands protection, for research, monitoring regulatory marine and estuarine protection, and and information gathering activities other related programs. The Office’s relating to implementing the Pollution responsibilities include: program Prevention Act, pesticides, and toxic policy development and evaluation; substances; and monitoring and assessing environmental and pollution source pollution prevention, pesticides and toxic standards development; program policy substances program operations in EPA guidance and overview, technical headquarters and regional offices. support, and evaluation of regional For further information, call 202–564–2902. activities as they relate to drinking water and water programs; development Research and Development The and implementation of programs for Office of Research and Development education, technical assistance and conducts leading-edge research and technology transfer; development of fosters the sound use of science and selected demonstration programs; technology to fulfill EPA’s mission to long-term strategic planning and special protect human health and safeguard studies; economic and long-term the natural environment. The Office of environmental analysis; and development Research and Development is responsible and implementation of pollution for the research and development needs prevention strategies. of EPA’s operating programs and the conduct of an integrated research and For further information, call 202–564–5700. development program for the Agency. Solid Waste and Emergency Response ​ The Assistant Administrator serves as The Office of Solid Waste and Emergency the Agency’s principal science adviser Response provides agencywide policy, and is responsible for the development, guidance, and direction for EPA’s solid direction, and conduct of a national waste and emergency response programs. environmental research, development, The Office’s responsibilities include: and demonstration program in development of guidelines and standards health risk assessment, health effects, for the land disposal of hazardous wastes engineering and technology, processes and for underground storage tanks; and effects, acid rain deposition, technical assistance in the development, monitoring systems, and quality management, and operation of solid assurance. The Office participates waste management activities; analyses in the development of EPA’s policy, on the recovery of useful energy from standards, and regulations; provides for solid waste; and development and dissemination of scientific and technical implementation of a program to respond knowledge, including analytical methods, to hazardous waste sites and spills. monitoring techniques, and modeling For further information, call 202–566–0200. methodologies; and provides technical and scientific advice on agencywide Chemical Safety and Pollution technical program issues. Prevention The Office of Chemical For further information, call 202–564–6620. Safety and Pollution Prevention is responsible for EPA’s strategies for Enforcement and Compliance implementation and integration of Assurance The Office of Enforcement the pollution prevention, pesticides, and Compliance Assurance serves and toxic substances programs and as the primary adviser to the developing and operating Agency Administrator in matters concerning programs and policies for assessment enforcement, compliance assurance, and control of pesticides and toxic and environmental-equity efforts. substances as well as recommending It also provides the direction and policies and developing operating review of all administrative, civil and Environmental Protection Agency 345 criminal enforcement, and compliance appropriate organization listed below. monitoring and assurance activities. EPA’s postal address is 1200 Pennsylvania The Office manages the national Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20460. criminal enforcement program as well Internet, http://www.epa.gov/. as regulatory, site remediation, and Contracts and Procurement Office Federal facilities enforcement and of Acquisition Management. Phone, compliance assurance programs. The 202–564–4310. Internet, http://www2. Office manages both administrative and epa.gov/home/contracting-epa. judicial activities in the enforcement and Directory Assistance Phone, 202–272– compliance programs and provides case 0167. EPA’s staff directory is available preparation and investigative expertise online. Internet, http://cfpub.epa.gov/ for enforcement activities through the locator/index.cfm. National Enforcement Investigations Employment Office of Human Center. Resources. Phone, 202–564–4606. For further information, call 202–564–2440. Internet, http://www.epa.gov/careers/. Freedom of Information Act Requests ​ Regional Offices National Freedom of Information Officer. Phone, 202–566–1667. Email, hq.foia@ EPA’s 10 regional offices are committed epa.gov. Internet, http://www.epa.gov/ to the development of strong local foia/. programs for pollution abatement. The Grants and Fellowships Office of regional administrators are responsible Grants and Debarment. Phone, 202– for accomplishing, within their 564–5315. Internet, http://www2.epa. regions, the Agency’s national program gov/home/grants-and-other-funding- objectives. They develop, propose, and opportunities. implement an approved regional program Telephone Directory Directories for comprehensive and integrated may be purchased by calling the environmental protection activities. Superintendent of Documents, Internet, http://www2.epa.gov/aboutepa. Government Printing Office. Phone 202–512–0000. Sources of Information Requests for information on the following subjects should be directed to the For further information, contact the Office of External Affairs and Environmental Education, Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20460–0001. Phone, 202–272–0167. Internet, http://www.epa.gov. 346 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL EDITORIAL NOTE: The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission did not meet the publication deadline for submitting updated information of its activities, functions, and sources of information as required by the automatic disclosure provisions of the Freedom of Information Act (5 U.S.C. 552(a)(1)(A)).

EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION 131 M Street NE., Washington, DC 20507 Phone, 202–663–4900. TTY, 202–663–4444. Internet, http://www.eeoc.gov.

Chair Jacqueline A. Berrien Vice Chair Jenny R. Yang Commissioners Constance S. Barker, Chai R. Feldblum, Victoria A. Lipnic Executive Officer Bernadette Wilson, Acting Chief Operating Officer Claudia Withers General Counsel P. David Lopez Inspector General Milton A. Mayo, Jr. Director, Office of Communications and Todd Cox Legislative Affairs Director, Office of Equal Opportunity Matthew Murphy Director, Office of Federal Operations Carlton M. Hadden Director, Legal Counsel Peggy R. Mastroianni Director, Office of Field Programs Nicholas Inzeo Chief Financial Officer Germaine Roseboro Director, Office of Human Resources Lisa Williams Director, Office of Information Technology Kimberly Hancher Director, Office of Research, Information, and Deidre Flippen Planning

The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission enforces laws prohibiting employment discrimination based on race, color, gender, religion, national origin, age, disability, or genetic information.

The Equal Employment Opportunity Discrimination Act of 2008 (42 U.S.C. Commission (EEOC) was created by Title 2000ff et seq.). VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 The EEOC is a bipartisan commission U.S.C. 2000e-4), and became operational comprising five members appointed July 2, 1965. Laws enforced by EEOC by the President, with the advice and include Title VII of the Civil Rights Act consent of the Senate, for staggered of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000e et seq.), the 5-year terms. The President designates a Age Discrimination in Employment Act Chairman and Vice Chairman. In addition of 1967 (29 U.S.C. 621 et seq.), sections to the members of the Commission, the of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 President appoints a General Counsel, U.S.C. 791 et seq.) and the Civil Rights with the advice and consent of the Act of 1991 (105 Stat. 1071), the Equal Senate, to support the Commission and Pay Act of 1963 (29 U.S.C. 206), Title provide direction, coordination, and I of the Americans with Disabilities Act supervision of the EEOC’s litigation of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.), and program. The General Counsel serves for Title II of the Genetic Information Non- a term of 4 years. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 347 TION CHIEF INFORM A OFFICER OF OF TECHNOLOGY OFFICE OFFICE FINANCIAL AND RESEARCH, TION, OF COMMISSIONER PLANNING INFORM A OFFICE T TUNITY OF R ARI A COMMISSION OPPO EXECUTIVE OFFICE COMMISSIONER SECRE T OF AL U E Q RESOURCES OFFICE TUNITY HUMAN OPPO R CHAIRMAN LOCAL AND OF OGRAMS YMENT OFFICES AREA, P R , O OFFICE OF FIELD GENERAL FIELD DISTRIC T OR OFFICE CHAIRMAN EMPL INSPEC T VICE AL U E Q OF COUNSEL OFFICE LEGAL COMMISSIONER DIVISION OFFICES FIELD LEGAL TIONS TIONS AIRS A F OF AF OPER TIVE OFFICE COMMUNIC A OF FEDERAL LEGISL A COUNSEL AND OFFICE GENERAL 348 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Activities Commission monitors and evaluates Federal agencies’ affirmative employment Enforcement The EEOC enforces its programs under Title VII and section 501 statutory, regulatory, policy, and program of the Rehabilitation Act and ensures that responsibilities through its headquarters- all Federal employees compete on a fair based Office of Field Programs, Office and level playing field. of General Counsel, and 53 field offices. Other Activities The Commission The field offices receive charges of promotes voluntary compliance with discrimination from the public and EEO statutes through a variety of use a variety of resolution methods, educational and technical assistance tailored to each charge, from voluntary activities. The Commission’s outreach mediation to full-scale investigation and and education programs provide general conciliation. The field staff is responsible information about the EEOC, its mission, for achieving a wide range of objectives rights and responsibilities under the that focus on the quality, timeliness, statutes enforced by the Commission, and appropriateness of individual, class, and the charge/complaint process. and systemic charges; for securing EEOC representatives are available, on relief for victims of discrimination in a limited basis and at no cost, to make accordance with Commission policies; presentations and participate in meetings, for counseling individuals about their conferences, and seminars with employee rights under the laws enforced by the and employer groups, professional EEOC; and for conducting outreach associations, students, nonprofit entities, and technical assistance programs. The community organizations, and other Office of General Counsel conducts the members of the general public. Commission’s litigation in U.S. District The Commission offers more in- Courts and Courts of Appeal. depth training tailored to employers Information on the nearest field office for a fee. This training is available to is available online: http://www.eeoc.gov/ private employers and State, local, and field/index.cfm. Federal government personnel through Complaints Against the Federal the EEOC Training Institute. The EEOC Government The EEOC establishes Training Institute provides a wide variety the procedures for Federal employees of training to educate managers and and job applicants to file complaints of employees on the laws enforced by the employment discrimination or retaliation. EEOC and how to prevent and eliminate The agency charged with discrimination discrimination in the workplace. is responsible for informal counseling The Commission publishes data on and, if a complaint is filed and accepted, the employment status of minorities investigating the claims raised therein. and women through six employment At the conclusion of the investigation, surveys covering private employers, complainants may request a hearing apprenticeship programs, labor unions, before an EEOC administrative judge or State and local governments, elementary that the agency issue a final decision on and secondary schools, and colleges the matter. The agency’s final decision and universities. This collection of data or final action after a hearing may be is shared with selected Federal agencies appealed to the Commission. and is made available, in appropriate In addition, the Office of Federal form, for public use. Operations provides oversight and technical assistance concerning equal employment opportunity (EEO) Sources of Information complaint adjudication and the Electronic Access Information on the maintenance of affirmative employment Commission’s programs and activities is programs throughout the Federal available online. EEOC’s most popular Government. Using the guidance and publications may be downloaded from principles contained in the EEOC’s its Web site in PDF format for easy EEO Management Directive 715, the reproduction. Internet, http://www.eeoc. gov/. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 349 Employment The Commission hires Affairs, 131 M Street NE., Washington, in various job categories, including DC 20507. Phone, 202–663–4191. TTY, attorneys, information intake 202–663–4494. Email, newsroom@eeoc. representatives, investigators, mediators, gov. Internet, http://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/ office automation assistants, paralegals, newsroom/index.cfm. program analysts, and social scientists. Information About Survey Forms For Opportunities for employment are information on EEO reports and survey posted online: https://www.usajobs.gov/. forms, contact the Office of Research, Address questions to the appropriate Information, and Planning, 131 M Street district office or to the Office of NE., Washington, DC 20507. Phone, Human Resources, Equal Employment 202–663–4947. Internet, http://www. Opportunity Commission, 131 M Street eeoc.gov/employers/reporting.cfm. NE., Washington, DC 20507. Phone, Publications Publications unavailable 202–663–4306. Internet, http://www. online may be obtained by phone or fax. eeoc.gov/eeoc/jobs/index.cfm. Phone, 800–669–3362. TTY, 800–800– General Inquiries A nationwide toll-free 3302. Fax, 513–489–8692. Internet, telephone number links callers with the http://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/publications/ appropriate field office where charges index.cfm. may be filed. Phone, 800–669–4000. Reading Room EEOC Library, 131 TTY, 800–669–6820. Internet, https:// M Street NE., Washington, DC 20507. eeoc.custhelp.com/app/answers/list. Phone, 202–663–4630. Media Inquiries Representatives of the Speakers Office of the Executive media should address their questions to Secretariat, 131 M Street NE., the Office of Communications, Office Washington, DC 20507. Phone, 202– of Communications and Legislative 663–4070. TTY, 202–663–4494. For further information, contact the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 131 M Street NE., Washington, DC 20507. Phone, 202–663–4191. Internet, http://www.eeoc.gov. 350 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL EDITORIAL NOTE: The Export-Import Bank of the United States did not meet the publication deadline for submitting updated information of its activities, functions, and sources of information as required by the automatic disclosure provisions of the Freedom of Information Act (5 U.S.C. 552(a)(1)(A)).

EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF THE UNITED STATES 811 Vermont Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20571 Phone, 202–565–3946; 800–565–3946. Internet, http://www.exim.gov.

President/Chairman Fred P. Hochberg First Vice President/Vice Chair Wanda Felton Directors Sean R. Mulvaney, Patricia Loui, (vacancy) Executive Vice President/Chief Operating John A. McAdams, Acting Officer Senior Vice President, Export Finance John A. McAdams Senior Vice President/Chief Financial Officer David M. Sena Vice President, Treasurer Nathalie Herman Vice President, Controller Joseph Sorbera Vice President, Asset Management Jessica Farmer Senior Vice President, Small Business James Burrows Vice President, Transportation Portfolio B. Michele Dixey Management Senior Vice President/General Counsel Angela Mariana Freyre Vice President, Trade Finance Division Annette B. Maresh Vice President, Business Credit Pamela S. Bowers Vice President, Global Business Development Raymond J. Ellis Vice President, Office of Industry Sector C. Michael Forgione Development Vice President, International Relations Isabel Galdiz Vice President, Structured Finance John Schuster Vice President, Short-Term Trade Finance Walter Kosciow Senior Vice President, Credit and Risk Kenneth M. Tinsley Management Senior Vice President, Business and Product Robert A. Morin Development Vice President, Credit Review and Compliance Walter Hill, Jr. Vice President, Engineering and Environment James A. Mahoney, Jr. Vice President, Credit Underwriting David W. Carter Vice President, Country Risk and Economic William A. Marsteller Analysis Chief Banking officer and Senior Vice President Claudia Slacik Senior Vice President and Chief of Staff Scott Mulhauser Senior Vice President, Resource Management Michael Cushing Executive Vice President, Chief Risk Officer Charles J. Hall Chief Information Officer (vacancy) Senior Vice President, Policy and Planning James C. Cruse Vice President, Customer Experience Stephanie Thum Vice President, Policy Analysis Helene Walsh Vice President, Operations and Data Quality Nicole M.B. Valtos Senior Vice President, Communications Bradley Carroll Vice President, Communications Dolline Hatchett Export-Import Bank of the United States 351

Vice President, Public Affairs Catrell Brown Senior Vice President, Strategy (vacancy) Senior Vice President, Congressional Affairs Scott P. Schloegel Vice President, Congressional Affairs Stephen Rubright Vice President, Business Processes, Total Michele A. Kuester Enterprise Modernization Inspector General Osvaldo Gratacos

The Export-Import Bank assists in financing the export of U.S. goods and services to international markets.

The Export-Import Bank of the United billion above its operating costs since States (Ex-Im Bank), established in 1934, fiscal year 2008. Its total authorizations operates as an independent agency of support an estimated $50 billion in U.S. the U.S. Government under the authority export sales and approximately 255,000 of the Export-Import Bank Act of 1945, American jobs in communities across the as amended (12 U.S.C. 635 et seq.). Its country. Board of Directors consists of a President and Chairman, a First Vice President and Activities Vice Chair, and three other Directors. All Ex-Im Bank is authorized to have loans, are appointed by the President with the guarantees, and insurance outstanding advice and consent of the Senate. at any one time in aggregate amount Ex-Im Bank helps American exporters not in excess of $120 billion. It supports adjust to government-supported financing U.S. exporters through a range of diverse competition from other countries, programs. These programs are offered so that U.S. exports can compete under four broad categories of export for overseas business on the basis of financing: working capital guarantees, price, performance, and service, and export credit insurance, loan guarantees, in doing so, preserve U.S. jobs. The and direct loans. Bank also fills gaps in the availability of Ex-Im Bank initiated several changes commercial financing for creditworthy to enhance its support to small business. export transactions by providing a variety The Bank’s regional offices are now of financing mechanisms, including dedicated exclusively to small business working capital guarantees, export-credit outreach and support. The Bank also insurance, and financing to help foreign established a Small Business Committee buyers purchase U.S. goods and services. to coordinate, evaluate, and make Ex-Im Bank is required to find a recommendations on Bank functions reasonable assurance of repayment for necessary for a successful small business each transaction it supports. Its legislation strategy, and the small business division requires it to meet the financing terms of is led by a senior vice president. competitor export credit agencies, but not to compete with commercial lenders. Regional Offices Legislation restricts the Bank’s operation in some countries and its support for The Export-Import Bank operates export military goods and services. finance centers and field offices across Ex-Im Bank operates at no cost to the the country. A complete listing with U.S. taxpayer and has earned nearly $1.6 contact information is available at www. exim.gov/about/contact/. For further information, contact the Business Development Office, Export-Import Bank, 811 Vermont Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20571. Phone, 202–565–3946 or 800–565–3946. Internet, http://www.exim.gov. 352 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION 1501 Farm Credit Drive, McLean, VA 22102–5090 Phone, 703–883–4000. Fax, 703–734–5784. Internet, http://www.fca.gov.

Chair/Chief Executive Officer Jill Long Thompson Member of the Boards Kenneth A. Spearman, Leland A. Strom Secretary to the Board Dale L. Aultman Chief Operating Officer William J. Hoffman Director, Office of Congressional and Public Michael A. Stokke Affairs General Counsel Charles R. Rawls Inspector General Elizabeth Dean Director, Office of Examination and Chief S. Robert Coleman Examiner Director, Office of Regulatory Policy Gary K. Van Meter Director, Office of Secondary Market Oversight Laurie A. Rea Director, Office of Management Services Stephen G. Smith Director, Equal Employment and Inclusion Thais Burlew Designated Agency Ethics Official Wendy R. Laguarda [For the Farm Credit Administration statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 12, Parts 600 and 611]

The Farm Credit Administration ensures the safe and sound operation of the banks, associations, affiliated service organizations, and other entities of the Farm Credit System, and protects the interests of the public and those who borrow from Farm Credit institutions or invest in Farm Credit securities.

The Farm Credit Administration (FCA) the examination and regulation of and was established as an independent reporting by Farm Credit institutions, and financial regulatory agency in the establishing the policies under which executive branch of the Federal the Administration operates. Board Government by Executive Order 6084 meetings are regularly held on the second on March 27, 1933. FCA carries out Thursday of the month and are subject its responsibilities by conducting to the Government in the Sunshine Act. examinations of the various Farm Credit Public announcements of these meetings lending institutions, which are Farm are published in the Federal Register. Credit Banks, the Agricultural Credit The lending institutions of the Farm Bank, Agricultural Credit Associations, Credit System were established to and Federal Land Credit Associations. provide adequate and dependable credit FCA also examines the service and closely related services to farmers, organizations owned by the Farm Credit ranchers, and producers or harvesters lending institutions, as well as the of aquatic products; persons engaged National Consumer Cooperative Bank. in providing on-the-farm services; rural FCA policymaking is vested in the homeowners; and associations of farmers, Farm Credit Administration Board, whose ranchers, and producers or harvesters three full-time members are appointed to of aquatic products, or federations 6-year terms by the President, with the of such associations that operate on advice and consent of the Senate. One a cooperative basis and are engaged member of the Board is designated by the in marketing, processing, supply, or President as Chairman and serves as the business service functions for the benefit Administration’s chief executive officer. of their members. Initially capitalized The Board is responsible for approving by the United States Government, the rules and regulations, providing for Farm Credit lending institutions are Farm Credit Administration 353

FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION

OFFICE OF FARM CREDIT INSPECTOR ADMINISTRATION BOARD GENERAL

OFFICE OF SECRETARY CONGRESSIONAL TO THE BOARD AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS

OFFICE OF THE CHAIRMAN AND EQUAL CHIEF EXECUTIVE EMPLOYMENT OFFICER AND INCLUSION DIRECTOR OFFICE OF SECONDARY MARKET OVERSIGHT *

DESIGNATED AGENCY ETHICS OFFICIAL

OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER

OFFICE OF OFFICE OF OFFICE OF OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT REGULATORY GENERAL EXAMINATION SERVICES POLICY COUNSEL **

* Reports to the Board for policy and to the Chief Executive Officer for administration. ** Maintains a confidential advisory relationship with each of the Board members. 354 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL organized as cooperatives and are it derives income from assessments completely owned by their borrowers. collected from the institutions that it The loan funds provided to borrowers by regulates and examines. In addition to these institutions are obtained primarily its headquarters in McLean, VA, the through the sale of securities to investors Administration maintains four field offices in the Nation’s capital markets. located in Aurora, CO; Bloomington, The Agricultural Credit Act of 1987, MN; Irving, TX; and Sacramento, CA. as amended (12 U.S.C. 2279aa-1), Authority for the organization and established the Federal Agricultural activities of the Farm Credit System may Mortgage Corporation (commonly be found in the Farm Credit Act of 1971, known as Farmer Mac). The Corporation, as amended. designated as part of the Farm Credit System, is a federally chartered Sources of Information instrumentality of the United States Inquiries for information on the following and promotes the development of a subjects may be directed to the specified secondary market for agricultural real office, Farm Credit Administration, 1501 estate and rural housing loans. Farmer Farm Credit Drive, McLean, VA 22102– Mac also provides guarantees for the 5090. timely payment of principal and interest Contracts and Procurement Inquiries on securities representing interests regarding the Administration’s in or obligations backed by pools procurement and contracting activities of agricultural real estate loans. The should be directed in writing to the Administration is responsible for the Office of Management Services. Phone, examination and regulation of Farmer 703–883–4378. TTY, 703–883–4056. Mac to ensure the safety and soundness Requests for proposals, invitations for of its operations. bids, and requests for quotations are The Administration manages posted online at www.fca.gov/about/ regulations under which Farm Credit procurement.html. institutions operate. These regulations Employment Inquiries regarding implement the Farm Credit Act of 1971, employment should be directed to the as amended (12 U.S.C. 2001), and have Office of Management Services. Phone, the force and effect of law. Similar to the 703–883–4135. TTY, 703–883–4056. authorities of other Federal regulators of Vacancy announcements are posted financial institutions, the Administration’s online at www.fca.gov/about/careers. authorities include the power to issue html. cease-and-desist orders, to levy civil Freedom of Information Requests ​ monetary penalties, to remove officers Requests for agency records must be and directors of Farm Credit institutions, submitted in writing, clearly labeled and to establish financial and operating “FOIA Request” and addressed to the reporting requirements. Although it is Freedom of Information Act Officer. prohibited from participation in routine Phone, 703–883–4020 TTY, 703–883– management or operations of Farm 4056. Requests may be submitted online Credit institutions, the Administration at www.fca.gov/home/submit_foia.html. is authorized to become involved in Publications Publications and these institutions’ management and information on the Farm Credit operations when the Farm Credit Act Administration and the Farm Credit or its regulations have been violated, System may be obtained by writing to when taking an action to correct an the Office of Congressional and Public unsafe or unsound practice, or when Affairs. Phone, 703–883–4056 (voice and assuming a formal conservatorship over TTY). Fax, 703–790–3260. They are also an institution. posted online at www.fca.gov/reports/ The Administration does not operate index.html. Email, [email protected]. on funds appropriated by Congress; Federal Communications Commission 355

For further information, contact the Office of Congressional and Public Affairs, Farm Credit Administration, 1501 Farm Credit Drive, McLean, VA 22102–5090. Phone, 703–883–4056. Email, [email protected]. Internet, http://www.fca.gov.

FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION 445 Twelfth Street SW., Washington, DC 20554 Phone, 888–225–5322. TTY, 888–835–5322. Internet, http://www.fcc.gov.

Chairman Tom Wheeler Commissioners Mignon Clyburn, Michael O’Reilly, Ajit Pai, Jessica Rosenworcel Managing Director Jon Wilkins, Acting General Counsel Jonathan Sallet, Acting Inspector General David L. Hunt Chief, Consumer and Governmental Affairs Kris Monteith, Acting Bureau Chief, Enforcement Bureau Travis LeBlanc, Acting Chief, International Bureau Mindel De La Torre Chief, Media Bureau William T. Lake Chief, Office of Administrative Law Judges Richard L. Sippel Chief, Office of Engineering and Technology Julius Knapp Chief, Office of Strategic Planning and Policy Jonathan Chambers, Acting Analysis Chief, Public Safety and Homeland Security David G. Simpson Bureau Chief, Wireless Telecommunications Bureau Roger Sherman, Acting Chief, Wireline Competition Bureau Julie Veach Director, Office of Communications Business Thomas Reed Opportunities Director, Office of Legislative Affairs Sara Morris, Acting Director, Office of Media Relations Shannon Gilson Director, Office of Workplace Diversity Thomas Wyatt [For the Federal Communications Commission statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 47, Part 0]

The Federal Communications Commission regulates interstate and foreign communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable.

The Federal Communications President with the advice and consent Commission (FCC) was established of the Senate. One of the members is by the Communications Act of 1934 designated by the President as Chairman. (47 U.S.C. 151 et seq.) and is charged with regulating interstate and foreign Activities communications by wire and radio Media Bureau The Media Bureau in the public interest. The scope of develops, recommends, and administers FCC regulation includes radio and policy and licensing programs relating television broadcasting; telephone, and to electronic media, including cable cable television operation; two-way television, multichannel video radio and radio operators; and satellite programming distribution, broadcast communication. television and radio, and satellite services The Commission comprises five in the United States and its territories. members, who are appointed by the The Bureau also conducts rulemaking 356 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Y Y DIVISION AND Y RELIABILIT CENTER U Y RESOURCES SECURIT EMERGENCY AND DIVISION AFET Y AND S TIONS TIVE AND RESPONSE A ABILIT AND LICENSING A BUREA TR AND GEMENT TIONS GEMENT A PUBLIC HOMEL ADMINIS MANA COMMUNIC DIVISION INTEROPER MANA POLICY OPER CYBERSECURIT EMERGENCY AND AFF U T AFF S TIONAL SIS T DIVISION Y S AND AFF TIVE T A BUREA S ANAL AFF OF OF DIVISION TIVE TIONS VICES T TR A S INTERNA DIVISION TIONS AIRS TIA SER GEMENT A VICES TEGIC MEDIA A AFF AL TELLITE VICES OFFICE OFFICE SER ADMINIS NEGO REL TR A LEGISL MANA POLICY S S SER AL UDIO-VISU MEDIA INTERNET A U AL AND AND AIRS AND TION AND VERNMENT OFFICE AFF BUREA AND OFFICE PUBLISHING AIRS CCESS DIVISION A TIVE DIVISION Y INFORMA INQUIRIES AFF TIVE AIRS RIGHTS VERNMENT A NA INTER-GO TIONS TION OFFICE AR PRINT GEMENT A CH A Y Y CE TION AINTS TR OF OF OF A GO CONSUMER GEMENT AFF OF CY OR POLICY A ALU AND AIRS TIONS GING TREA OPER MANA A EV ABILIT SECRET AFF MANA AND COMPL CENTER OU DIVISION PRIV TECHNOLOGY ADMINIS OFFICE REFERENCE DIS OFFICE WEB INFORMA CONSUMER CONSUMER ORKPL TIVE DIVERSIT OFFICE DIRECT OFFICE A OPER MANA THE COMMISSION W TION TR RESOURCES OF GEMENT RECORDS TION AND MANA CENTER LICENSE TIONS U ADMINIS PERFORMANCE HUMAN INFORMA FINANCIAL OFFICE A T DIVISION RESOURCES AS TIONS INFORMA SIS A BUREA Y ADC AND Y DIVISION TR COMMUNIC BRO ANAL Y DIVISION OF OF MEDIA DIVISION DIVISION INDUS TR GEMENT AL AFF COMMISSIONERS T S AND POLICY UDIO MANA OFFICE POLICY INDUS ENGINEERING OFFICE A VIDEO DIVISION OF TIONS GENER OF AL W OF A A L OR COMMUNIC TUNITIES AND OFFICE TIVE GENER COUNSEL DIVISION OFFICE A TIONS BUSINESS OFFICE A AL TR TEMS U OPPOR RESOURCES S TION INSPECT COMMUNIC Y A S COMPETITION SPECTRUM AND DIVISION DIVISION ADMINIS LITIG BUREA AND WIRELESS AND DIVISION DIVISION DIVISION TION Y FEDER A V GEMENT ADBAND AFF TELECOMMUNIC T CCESS S INNO A POLICY UCTIONS MANA TECHNOLOGIES, A SPECTRUM MOBILIT BRO SIS TEGIC AND Y A AND OF DIVISION AFF TR TION T S DIVISION ANAL S Y DIVISION OF OFFICES RULES GNETIC TIVE Y ANNING U OFFICE A RESOLU OR TIONS PL TECHNOLOGY TIBILIT TR GEMENT AND T AND A POLICY A FIELD A DIVISION TES ENGINEERING OFFICE BUREA ENFORCEMENT DIVISION MANA AND TIONS COMP ABOR A DISPU ELECTROMA L POLICY ADMINIS ENFORCEMENT OF RESOURCES TIG AND CONSUMERS DIVISION DIVISION HEARING OFFICE TELECOMMUNIC SPECTRUM MARKET INVES REGIONAL TIVE A OF CCESS A TR DIVISION JUDGES AND U W TIONS AND OFFICE A SIS DIVISION OFFICE A DIVISION L Y POLICY ADMINIS BUREA TION WIRELINE A ANAL DIVISION COMPETITION POLICY Y TR GEMENT TR MANA POLICY TECHNOLOGY ADMINIS COMPETITION PRICING TELECOMMUNIC INDUS Federal Communications Commission 357 proceedings, studies and analyzes complaints through mediation; and electronic media services; resolves conducts consumer outreach and waiver petitions, declaratory rulings, and education programs. adjudications related to electronic media For further information, contact the Consumer and services; and processes applications for Governmental Affairs Bureau. Phone, 202–418– authorization, assignment, transfer, and 1400, or 888–225–5322. renewal of media services, including AM, Enforcement Bureau The Enforcement FM, TV, the cable television relay service, Bureau serves as the FCC’s primary and related matters. agency for enforcing the Communications For further information, contact the Media Bureau. Act, other communications statutes, and Phone, 202–418–7200, or 888–225–5322. the FCC’s rules. The Bureau investigates Wireline Competition Bureau The and resolves complaints regarding Wireline Competition Bureau advises common carriers (wireline, wireless, and and makes recommendations to the international) and noncommon carriers FCC on policies concerning telephone subject to the Commission’s jurisdiction landlines and fixed, as opposed to under Title II of the Communications mobile, broadband. The Bureau Act; radio frequency interference, ensures choice, opportunity, and equipment, and devices; accessibility fairness in the development of wireline to communications services and communications; assesses the present equipment for persons with disabilities; and future wireline communication noncompliance with the lighting and needs of the Nation; encourages marking of radio transmitting towers the development and widespread and pole attachment regulations; and availability of wireline communication unauthorized construction and operation services; promotes investment in of communication facilities and false wireline communication infrastructure; distress signals. and reviews and coordinates orders, For further information, contact the Enforcement programs, and actions initiated by other Bureau. Phone, 202–418–7450, or 888–225–5322. bureaus and offices in matters affecting International Bureau The International wireline communications to ensure Bureau serves as the FCC’s principal consistency with overall FCC policy. representative in international For further information, contact the Wireline conferences and negotiations. The Competition Bureau. Phone, 202–418–1500, or Bureau promotes procompetitive policies 888–225–5322. abroad, coordinating the FCC’s global Consumer and Governmental spectrum activities and advocating U.S. Affairs Bureau The Consumer and interests in international communications Governmental Affairs Bureau develops and competition. It provides advice and and administers the FCC’s consumer technical assistance to U.S. trade officials and governmental affairs policies and in the negotiation and implementation of initiatives. The Bureau facilitates public telecommunications trade agreements; participation in the Commission’s and promotes the international decisionmaking process; represents coordination of spectrum allocation and the Commission on consumer and frequency and orbital assignments in Government committees, working order to minimize cases of international groups, task forces, and conferences; radio interference involving U.S. licenses. works with public, Federal, State, For further information, contact the International local, and tribal agencies to develop Bureau. Phone, 202–418–0437, or 888–225–5322. and coordinate policies; oversees the Consumer Advisory Committee and the Wireless Telecommunications Bureau ​ Intergovernmental Advisory Committee; The Wireless Telecommunications Bureau provides expert advice and assistance administers all domestic commercial regarding compliance with applicable and private wireless communication disability and accessibility requirements, programs and rules. It addresses present rules, and regulations; resolves informal and future wireless communication 358 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL and spectrum needs; promotes Sources of Information access, efficiency, and innovation in Consumer Assistance For general the allocation, licensing, and use of information on FCC operations, contact electromagnetic spectrum; ensures the FCC Consumer Center, 445 Twelfth choice, opportunity, and fairness in the Street SW., Washington, DC 20554. development of wireless communication Phone, 888–225–5322. TTY, 888–835– services and markets; and promotes the 5322. development and widespread availability Contracts and Procurement Direct of wireless broadband, mobile, inquiries to the Contracts and Purchasing and other wireless communication Center may be sent electronically services, devices, and facilities, using the email address below. Email, including through open networks. The [email protected]. Bureau also develops, recommends, Electronic Access Information is administers, and coordinates policy available online from the FCC’s Web site. for wireless communication services, Internet, http://www.fcc.gov/. including rulemaking, interpretations, Employment and Recruitment Requests and equipment standards; advises the for employment information may be public on FCC rules; serves as the FCC’s directed to the Recruitment and Staffing principal policy and administrative Service Center. Phone, 202–418–0130. resource for all spectrum auctions; and To view or apply for job vacancies processes wireless service and facility online, use the link below. Internet, http:// authorization applications. www.fcc.gov/jobs. For further information, contact the Wireless Equal Employment Practices by Industry ​ Telecommunications Bureau. Phone, 202–418–0600, Direct inquiries to the FCC Consumer or 888–225–5322. Center may be made by calling 888– Public Safety and Homeland Security 225–5322. Bureau The Public Safety and Ex-Parte Presentations Inquiries Homeland Security Bureau develops, concerning ex-parte presentations may recommends, and administers FCC’s be directed to the Commission’s Office of policies pertaining to public safety General Counsel. Phone, 202–418–1720. communication. This includes 911 and Federal Advisory Committee E911; operability and interoperability Management Direct inquiries may of public safety communications; be made to the Office of the Managing communications infrastructure protection Director. Phone, 202–418–2178. and disaster response; and network Fees Information concerning the FCC’s security and reliability. The Bureau also fee programs is available online or by serves as a clearinghouse for public contacting the Registration System/Fee safety communication information, Filer Help Desk at 1–877–480–3201 which encompasses priority emergency (option 4) or [email protected]. communication programs; alert and Internet, http://www.fcc.gov/fees. warning of U.S. citizens; continuity of Freedom of Information Act Requests ​ government operations and operational Contact the FOIA Requester Service planning; public safety outreach Center. Phone, 202–418–1379. Email, (e.g. first-responder organizations [email protected]. and hospitals); disaster management Internal Equal Employment Practices ​ coordination and outreach; and studies Direct inquiries may be made to the and reports of public safety, homeland Office of Workplace Diversity. Phone, security, and disaster management issues. 202–418–1799. For further information, contact the Public Safety Licensing Information concerning the and Homeland Security Bureau. Phone, 202–418– FCC’s licensing systems is available 1300, or 888–225–5322. Email, [email protected]. online. Internet, http://www.fcc.gov/ encyclopedia/licensing. Public Inspection Records available for public inspection are maintained online at www.fcc.gov. Some reports are held Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation 359 confidentially by law. Additionally, each press releases. Public notices and press broadcasting station makes publicly releases are available at www.fcc.gov. available certain information about the The Consumer and Governmental Affairs station’s operation, a current copy of Bureau maintains an online consumer the application filed for license, and publications library. Internet, http:// nonconfidential FCC reports. www.fcc.gov/encyclopedia/consumer- Publications The Office of Media publications-library. Relations distributes public notices and For further information, contact the Consumer Center, Federal Communications Commission, 445 Twelfth Street SW., Washington, DC 20554. Phone, 888–225–5322. TTY, 888–835–5322. Internet, http://www.fcc. gov.

FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION 550 Seventeenth Street NW., Washington, DC 20429 Phone, 703–562–2222. Internet, http://www.fdic.gov.

Board of Directors Chairman Martin J. Gruenberg Vice Chairman Thomas J. Hoenig Director (Director, Consumer Financial Richard Cordray Protection Bureau) Director (Comptroller of the Currency) Thomas J. Curry Director Jeremiah O. Norton Washington Office Senior Advisor to the Chairman (vacancy) Deputy to the Chairman Kymberly K. Copa Senior Advisor, International Resolution Policy David S. Hoelscher Deputy to the Chairman and Chief Financial Steven O. App Officer Deputy to the Chairman for Communications Andrew S. Gray Deputy to the Chairman and Chief Operating Barbara A. Ryan Officer Chief of Staff Barbara A. Ryan General Counsel Richard J. Osterman, Jr., Acting Deputy to the Vice Chairman Kathy Kalser, Acting Director, Division of Administration Arleas U. Kea Director, Division of Finance Craig Jarvill Director, Division of Information Technology Russell G. Pittman Chief Information Officer and Chief Privacy Martin D. Henning, Acting Officer Director, Division of Insurance and Research Diane Ellis Director, Division of Resolutions and Bret D. Edwards Receiverships Director, Division of Risk Management Doreen R. Eberley Supervision Chief Risk Officer Stephen A. Quick Director, Office of Complex Financial Arthur J. Murton Institutions Director, Office of Minority and Women Melodee Brooks, Acting Inclusion Director, Division of Depositor and Consumer Mark Pearce Protection 360 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Washington Office Director, Office of International Affairs Fred S. Carns Director, Office of Legislative Affairs Eric Spitler Chief Learning Officer, Corporate University Suzannah Susser, Acting Inspector General Fred W. Gibson, Acting Ombudsman Cottrell L. Webster

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation preserves and promotes public confidence in U.S. financial institutions by insuring bank and thrift deposits, periodically examining State-chartered banks, and liquidating assets of failed institutions.

The Federal Deposit Insurance examinations conducted are for safety Corporation (FDIC) was established under and soundness and for compliance the Banking Act of 1933 after numerous with applicable consumer laws such banks failed during the Great Depression. as the Truth in Lending Act, the Home FDIC began insuring banks on January Mortgage Disclosure Act, the Equal 1, 1934. The basic insurance coverage Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair Housing per depositor at each insured bank and Act, and the Community Reinvestment savings association is $250,000. Act. FDIC examiners work on site at the The FDIC is managed by a five- institution, and they analyze computer member Board of Directors, all of whom data offsite. the President appoints and the Senate A failed bank or savings association confirms. No more than three of the is generally closed by its chartering Directors can be affiliated with the same authority, and the FDIC is named political party. receiver. The FDIC is required to resolve FDIC receives no congressional the closure in a manner that is least appropriations. Its funding comes from costly to the FDIC. Ordinarily, the FDIC insurance premiums on deposits held by attempts to locate a healthy institution insured banks and savings associations to acquire the failed entity. If such an and from interest on the investment of entity cannot be found, the FDIC pays those premiums in U.S. Government depositors the amount of their insured securities. FDIC has authority to borrow funds, usually by the next business day up to $100 billion from the Treasury for following the closure. Depositors with insurance purposes. funds that exceed the insurance limit often receive an advance dividend, Activities which is a portion of their uninsured The FDIC insures about $11 trillion of funds that is determined by an estimate U.S. bank and thrift deposits. As required of the future proceeds from liquidating by law, the fund relies on two sources the failed institution’s remaining assets. of income: premiums paid by banks and Depositors with funds in a failed savings associations, and the interest on institution that exceed the insurance the investment of those premiums in U.S. limit receive a receivership certificate Government securities. An institution’s for those funds and partial payments of level of capitalization and potential risk their uninsured funds as asset disposition to the insurance fund determines its permits. premiums. As part of its insurance, supervisory, The FDIC examines about 3,800 and receivership responsibilities, the State-chartered commercial and savings FDIC approves or disapproves of mergers, banks that are not members of the consolidations, and acquisitions where Federal Reserve System, called State the resulting bank is an insured State nonmember banks. The FDIC also has nonmember; approves or disapproves authority to examine other types of of proposals by banks to establish and FDIC-insured institutions for deposit operate a new branch, close an existing insurance purposes. The two types of branch, or move its main office from one location to another; and approves Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation 361 Y ANCE AIRS OF OF AFF INCLUSION MINORIT INSUR TIVE OF OF RESEARCH A OMBUDSMAN OFFICE OFFICE OMEN W AND THE OFFICE LEGISL AND DIVISION COUNSEL AL GENER TION A AL AIRS OR TION AFF AFF T CHAIRMAN OF OF S GENER EDIT RISK – OF THE OR RESOLU TIONAL O CORPOR OFFICER T OFFICE OFFICE CHIEF OF Y T CHIEF RECEIVERSHIPS WRITER INSPECT INTERNA ORS AND DEPU DIVISION ANCE DIRECT OF INSUR ARD TIONS BO FOR TIONS TTERS TION A TITU CHIEF COMPLEX POLICY MA CHAIRMAN CHAIRMAN VISOR VISOR INS Y TIONAL VISOR FINANCIAL OFFICER OF AD AD AND OMBUDSMAN THE THE TION AD CY INFORMA O O OFFICER A T T DEPOSIT VISOR CHIEF Y Y COMMUNIC T T INTERNA OFFICE SENIOR SENIOR PRIV OFFICER FINANCIAL CHIEF RESOLU AND AL SPECIAL FOR INTERNAL SUPER DEPU DEPU OR FEDER TIONS OF A DEPOSIT TECTION OFFICE OF CONSUMER PRO COMMUNIC AND DIVISION VISION Y RISK TE TION OF OF OF A A TION SUPER OF TR FINANCE UNIVERSIT DIVISION DIVISION DIVISION CORPOR INFORMA TECHNOLOGY GEMENT ADMINIS DIVISION MANA 362 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL or disapproves of requests to engage as FDIC’s Public Information Center, 3501 principal in activities and investments Fairfax Drive, Room E–1002, Arlington, that are not permissible for a national VA 22226. Phone, 703–562–2200 or bank. It also issues enforcement actions, 877–275–3342. Internet, http://www.fdic. including cease-and-desist orders, for gov/about/contact/ask/. specific violations or practices requiring Public Records FDIC records are corrective action and reviews changes in available on the Agency’s Web site. ownership or control of a bank. Inquiries about other types of records available to the public, including Sources of Information records available under the Freedom of Consumer Information For consumer Information Act, should be directed to the information inquiries or to submit a Chief, FOIA/PA Group 550 17th Street complaint against State nonmember NW., Washington, DC 20429, or to a banks, call the Consumer Response regional office. Internet, http://www.fdic. Center at 1–877–275–3342 (TTY gov/about/freedom/. 1–800–925–4618), weekdays between Publications Publications, press 8:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m., eastern time, releases, congressional testimony, or write to the Federal Deposit Insurance directives to financial institutions, and Corporation, Consumer Response Center, other documents are available through 1100 Walnut Street, Box 11, Kansas City, the Public Information Center. Phone, MO 64106. Internet, http://www.fdic.gov/ 877–275–3342 (press 1, then press 5). consumers/consumer/ccc/. Email, [email protected]. Internet, General Inquiries Written requests for http://www.fdic.gov/news/publications/ general information may be sent to the PIChardcopies.html. For further information and media inquiries, contact the Office of Communications, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, 550 Seventeenth Street NW., Washington, DC 20429. Phone, 202–898–6993. Email, [email protected]. Internet, http://www.fdic.gov.

FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION 999 E Street NW., Washington, DC 20463 Phone, 202–694–1100; 800–424–9530. Internet, http://www.fec.gov.

Chairman Lee E. Goodman Vice Chair Ann M. Ravel Commissioners Caroline C. Hunter, Matthew S. Petersen, Steven T. Walther, Ellen L. Weintraub Staff Director Alec Palmer General Counsel (vacancy) Inspector General Lynne A. McFarland Chief Financial Officer Judy Berning, Acting

The Federal Election Commission provides public disclosure of campaign finance activities and ensures compliance with campaign finance laws and regulations.

The Federal Election Commission is appoints with the advice and consent an independent agency established of the Senate. The act also provides for by section 309 of the Federal Election three statutory officers—the Staff Director, Campaign Act of 1971, as amended the General Counsel, and the Inspector (2 U.S.C. 437c). It comprises six General—whom the Commission Commissioners, whom the President appoints. Federal Election Commission 363 T Y TION OFFICER OFFICER SUPPOR TION OR CHIEF CHIEF Y Y ARCHITECTURE GEMENT ABASE T T TION TION T A OFFICER SECURIT DIRECT D TIONAL INFORMA A OFFICER INFORMA MANA DEPU DEPU INFORMA INFORMA OPER CHIEF ENTERPRISE OF OF OF OR OR OR BUDGET FINANCIAL CCOUNTING DIRECT DIRECT DIRECT OFFICER A PROCUREMENT CHIEF AL AL COMMISSION Y T GENER GENER OR DEPU OR INSPECT COMMISSIONERS INSPECT ELECTION AL OR AND AND TION YMENT Y TIONS OR DIRECT A A AMS FEDER TR AFF TUNIT T CHIEF CHIEF EMPLO GEMENT S DIRECT OFFICER OFFICER PROGR Y AL COMPLIANCE T ADMINIS AFF COMMUNIC T OPPOR MANA EQU S DEPU TION TE TE TE Y Y A T T TION COUNSEL COUNSEL COUNSEL COUNSEL COUNSEL TR A AW L COUNSEL AL AL AL AL AL POLICY DEPU DEPU AL LITIG ASSOCIA ASSOCIA ASSOCIA ENFORCEMENT ADMINIS GENER GENER GENER GENER GENER GENER 364 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Activities fec.gov/about/offices/cong_affairs/cong_ affairs.shtml. The Commission administers and Employment Inquiries regarding enforces the Federal Election Campaign employment opportunities should be Act of 1971, as amended (2 U.S.C. directed to the Director, Office of Human 431 et seq.), and the Revenue Act, as Resources. Phone, 202–694–1080 amended (26 U.S.C. 1 et seq.). These or 800–424–9530 (ext. 1080). Email, laws provide for the public funding of [email protected]. Internet, http://www. Presidential elections, public disclosure fec.gov/pages/jobs/jobs.shtml. of the financial activities of political General Inquiries The Information committees involved in Federal elections, Division provides information and and limitations and prohibitions on assistance to Federal candidates, political contributions and expenditures made to committees, and the general public. It influence Federal elections. answers questions on campaign finance Public Funding of Presidential Elections ​ laws, conducts workshops and seminars The Commission oversees the public on the law, and provides publications financing of Presidential elections by and forms. Phone, 202–694–1100 or certifying Federal payments to primary 800–424–9530. Email, [email protected]. candidates, general election nominees, Internet, http://www.fec.gov/pages/ and national nominating conventions. contact.shtml. It also audits recipients of Federal funds Media Inquiries The Press Office and may require repayments to the answers inquiries from print and U.S. Treasury if a committee makes broadcast media sources, issues press nonqualified campaign expenditures. releases on Commission actions and Disclosure The Commission ensures statistical data, responds to requests public disclosure of the campaign finance for information, and distributes other activities reported by political committees materials. Representatives of the media supporting Federal candidates. should contact the Press Office. Phone, Committee reports, filed regularly, 202–694–1220 or 800–424–9530. Email, disclose the sources of campaign money [email protected]. Internet, http://www.fec. and how that money is spent. The gov/press/index.shtml. Commission places reports on the public Public Records The Public Disclosure record within 48 hours after they are Division, located at 999 E Street NW., received and digitizes the data contained Washington, DC, provides space for in them. public inspection of all campaign finance Sources of Information reports and statements since 1972. It is open to the public weekdays, 9 a.m. to 5 Congressional, Legislative, and p.m. Phone, 202–694–1120 or 800–424– Intergovernmental Affairs The Office 9530. Email, [email protected]. of Congressional, Legislative and Reading Room The library contains Intergovernmental Affairs serves as the a collection of basic legal research Commission’s primary congressional resources on political campaign and executive branch liaison. It financing, corporate and labor political informs Members of Congress about activity, and campaign finance reform. Commission decisions, and it also It is open to the public weekdays, 9 informs the Commission about legislative a.m. to 5 p.m. Phone, 202–694–1600 or developments. Phone, 202–694–1006 800–424–9530. FEC publications and or 800–424–9530 (ext. 1006). Email, forms are available from the Agency’s [email protected]. Internet, http://www. Web site on its “Library” page. Internet, http://www.fec.gov/general/library.shtml. For further information, contact the Information Division, Federal Election Commission, 999 E Street NW., Washington, DC 20463. Phone, 202–694–1100 or 800–424–9530. Federal Housing Finance Agency 365 FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE AGENCY 400 7th Street SW., Washington, DC 20024 Phone, 202–649–3800. Internet, http://www.fhfa.gov.

Director Melvin L. Watt Chief Operating Officer Richard B. Hornsby Deputy Director, Conservatorship Wanda DeLeo Deputy Director, Federal Home Loan Bank Fred C. Graham Regulation Deputy Director, Enterprise Regulation Nina Nichols, Acting Deputy Director, Supervision Policy and Nina Nichols Support Deputy Director, Housing Mission and Goals Sandra Thompson Inspector General Laura S. Wertheimer General Counsel Alfred M. Pollard

The Federal Housing and Finance Agency ensures that Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and the Federal Home Loan Bank System serve as a reliable source of liquidity and funding for housing finance and community investment. It provides research and data, supervision, and policies for strengthening and securing the United States secondary mortgage markets.

The Federal Housing and Finance Agency assist troubled mortgage markets more (FHFA) was established by the Housing effectively. and Economic Recovery Act of 2008 Internet, http://www.fhfa.gov/AboutUs. (42 USC 4501 note) as an independent agency in the executive branch. The Activities merger of the Federal Housing Finance Board and the Office of Federal Housing FHFA oversight strengthens vital Enterprise Oversight, combined with the components of the Nation’s secondary transfer of the Department of Housing mortgage markets. It oversees and Urban Development’s Government- maintenance of adequate capital and sponsored enterprise mission team, internal controls; operations that foster formed the FHFA. efficient, competitive, and resilient FHFA is managed by a Director whom national housing finance markets; and the President appoints and the Senate compliance with the rules, regulations, confirms. FHFA’s Director also serves guidelines, and orders issued by as the Chairman of the Federal Housing authorizing statutes and FHFA. Oversight Board. The Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Housing Sources of Information and Urban Development, and the Employment The Agency’s mission- Chairman of the Securities and Exchange critical occupations include examiners, Commission are also members of the accountants, economists, financial Board. analysts, information technology FHFA was created to oversee Fannie specialists, and attorneys. FHFA Mae, Freddie Mac, the 12 Federal Home regularly recruits for support positions: Loan Banks (FHLB), and the Office of budget, procurement, and human Finance, which issues and services all resource specialists; facilities and space debt securities for the FHL Banks. The management professionals; and student Agency’s increased regulatory powers interns. It advertises opportunities for and affordable housing goals were employment on its Web site and on designed to enable the 14 Government- USAJOBS, the Federal Government’s sponsored loan enterprises (Fannie Mae, free web-based job board (https://www. Freddie Mac, and the FHL Banks) to usajobs.gov/). Questions and applications 366 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL TIVES POLICY AND INITIA

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Y AND Y GOALS INCLUSION DIVISION OF GENC HOUSING MISSION AND MINORIT OF A ALS MISSION GO OMBUDSMAN AND DIVISION HOUSING AL OR FINANCE

REGULATIONS GENER COUNSEL DIVISION OF DIRECT AL ENTERPRISE OF TION A HOUSING GENER DIVISION OR AL ENTERPRISE REGUL ORSHIP T TIONS

INSPECT

A A V FEDER OFFICER DIVISION OF OPER CHIEF OPERATING CONSER BANK REGULATIONS TION A OF REGUL DIVISION BANK TING A

OPER OFFICER DIVISION OF CHIEF CONSERVATORSHIP Federal Labor Relations Authority 367 may be sent to the Office of Human Congress, the public, the media, and Resources Management, FHFA, 400 7th other Federal agencies. The Office keeps Street SW., Washington, DC 20024. Congress informed about Agency policies Internet, http://www.fhfa.gov/AboutUs/ and decisions; handles consumer contact Careers. and complaints; interacts with the public, General Inquiries Contact the industry, and media outlets; and manages Office of Congressional Affairs and and maintains the Agency’s Web site Communications, Federal Housing portal and internal communications. For Finance Agency, 400 7th Street SW., more information, call 202–649–3802. Washington, DC 20024. Phone, Publications FHFA posts its 202–649–3800. Send consumer publications online for download. inquiries to the following email address: The Agency generally does not mail [email protected]. Email, fhfainfo@ hard copies, but all requests are fhfa.gov. Internet, http://www.fhfa.gov. considered. Written requests for copies Media Inquiries The Office of publications may be addressed to of Congressional Affairs and the Office of Congressional Affairs and Communications answers questions from Communications, FHFA, 400 7th Street print, Internet, and broadcast media SW., Washington, DC 20024. Email, sources; issues press releases; responds to [email protected]. Internet, http://www. requests for information; and distributes fhfa.gov/AboutUs/reportsplans. other materials. Media representatives Public Records FHFA public records are should call 202–649–3700. Email, published online. Questions about other [email protected]. Internet, https:// publicly accessible records, including www.fhfa.gov/AboutUs/Contact. those covered under the Freedom of Office of Congressional Affairs Information Act, should be directed to the and Communications The Office Chief FOIA Officer. Email, [email protected]. of Congressional Affairs and Internet, http://www.fhfa.gov/AboutUs/ Communications provides liaison with FOIAPrivacy/Pages/FOIA.aspx. For further information, contact the Office of Congressional Affairs and Communications, Federal Housing Finance Agency, 400 7th Street SW., Washington, DC 20024. Phone, 866–796–5595. Email, fhfainfo@fhfa. gov. Internet, https://www.fhfa.gov/AboutUs/Contact.

FEDERAL LABOR RELATIONS AUTHORITY 1400 K Street NW., Washington, DC 20005 Phone, 202–218–7770. Internet, http://www.flra.gov.

Chair Carol W. Pope Members Ernest DuBester, Patrick Pizzella Executive Director Sarah W. Spooner Chief Counsel William R. Tobey Chief, Case Intake and Publication Gina K. Grippando Solicitor William R. Tobey, Acting Inspector General Dana Rooney-Fisher Chief Administrative Law Judge Charles Center General Counsel Julia A. Clark Federal Service Impasses Panel Chair Mary E. Jacksteit Members Barbara B. Franklin, Edward F. Hartfield, Martin H. Malin, H. Joseph Schimansky, Donald S. Wasserman, (vacancy) Executive Director (vacancy) 368 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Foreign Service Labor Relations Board Chair Carol W. Pope Members Earl W. Hockenberry, Jr., Stephen R. Ledford Foreign Service Impasse Disputes Panel Chair Mary E. Jacksteit Members Betty Bolden, Diane T. McFadgen, Alexandria L. Panehal, Jonita Whitaker

The Federal Labor Relations Authority oversees labor-management relations between the Federal Government and its employees.

The Federal Labor Relations Authority resolving negotiation impasses between was created as an independent agencies and unions. After investigating establishment by Reorganization Plan an impasse, the Panel can either No. 2 of 1978 (5 U.S.C. app.), effective recommend procedures to the parties for January 1, 1979, pursuant to Executive the resolution of the impasse or assist the Order 12107 of December 28, 1978, parties in resolving the impasse through to consolidate the central policymaking whatever methods and procedures functions in Federal labor-management it considers appropriate, including relations. Its duties and authority are factfinding and recommendations. If specified in Title VII (Federal Service the parties do not arrive at a settlement Labor-Management Relations) of the Civil after receiving assistance from the Panel, Service Reform Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. the Panel may hold hearings and take 7101–7135). whatever action is necessary to resolve The Authority comprises three the impasse. members, whom the President nominates The Foreign Service Labor Relations and the Senate confirms to a 5-year term. Board and the Foreign Service Impasse The Chairman of the Authority serves as Disputes Panel administer provisions the chief executive and administrative of chapter 2 of the Foreign Service Act officer. The Chairman also chairs the of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 3921) concerning Foreign Service Labor Relations Board. labor-management relations. This chapter The General Counsel of the Authority establishes a statutory labor-management investigates alleged unfair labor practices, relations program for Foreign Service files and prosecutes unfair labor practice employees of the U.S. Government. complaints before the Authority, and Administrative and staff support is exercises such other powers as the provided by the Federal Labor Relations Authority may prescribe. Authority and the Federal Service Impasses Panel. Activities The Authority adjudicates disputes arising Sources of Information under the Federal Labor-Management Employment Contact the Human Relations Program, deciding cases Resources Division. Phone, 202–218– concerning the negotiability of collective 7979. Internet, http://www.flra.gov/jobs. bargaining agreement proposals, appeals Public Information and Publications ​ concerning unfair labor practices and The Authority assists in the reproduction representation petitions, and exceptions of documents and ordering of transcripts to grievance arbitration awards. It also of hearings. Requests for publications assists Federal agencies and unions should be submitted to the Chief, Case in understanding their rights and Intake and Publication. Phone, 202–218– responsibilities under the program. 7740. Internet, http://www.flra.gov/CIP. The Federal Service Impasses Panel, an entity within the Authority, assists in Federal Labor Relations Authority 369 OR NTS ENT DIRECT COMPLAI EMPLOYM THE OF TUNITY EQUAL OF OFFICE OPPOR L OFFICES COUNSE THE GENERAL OF OR GENERAL REGIONAL OFF ICE ITY INSPECT W LA TION AUTHOR TIVE VICE THE TION CES ANEL TIVE P S OF SER ORA RESOLU TRA TERNA DIVISION JUDGES RESOUR AL ASSES ENT OFFICE COLLAB AN IMP AND TION FEDERAL ADMINIS DISPUTE OFFICER E MANAGEM CHAIRM RELATION INFORMA AND TY EXECUTIV OR AUTHORI CHIEF TION THE A AKE LABOR FINANCE MEMBERS DIRECT OF INT E L TY AND PUBLIC DIVISION CASE OFFICE AND AUTHORI EXECUTIV BUDGET FEDERA S VICES VICE THE OR SER SER OF DISPUTE ANEL TIVE P DIVISION SOLICIT ASSE TRA OFF ICE FOREIGN IMP ADMINIS CES VICE TIONS ANCE NT E SER POLICY RELA OF BOARD RESOUR DIVISIO N PERFORM MANAGEM FOREIGN LABOR OFFICE HUMAN AND 370 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

For further information, contact the Office of the Executive Director, Federal Labor Relations Authority, 1400 K Street NW., Washington, DC 20005. Phone, 202–218–7791. Email, [email protected]. Internet, http://www.flra.gov/oed.

FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION 800 North Capitol Street NW., Washington, DC 20573 Phone, 202–523–5707. Internet, http://www.fmc.gov.

Chairman Mario Cordero Commissioners William P. Doyle, Rebecca F. Dye, Michael A. Khouri, Richard A. Lidinsky, Jr. General Counsel (vacancy) Secretary Karen V. Gregory Director, Consumer Affairs and Dispute Rebecca A. Fenneman Resolution Services Chief, Administrative Law Judge Clay G. Guthridge Director, Office of Equal Employment Keith I. Gilmore Opportunity Inspector General (vacancy) Director, Office of Managing Director Vern W. Hill Director, Bureau of Certification and Licensing Sandra L. Kusumoto Director, Bureau of Enforcement Peter J. King Director, Bureau of Trade Analysis Florence A. Carr

The Federal Maritime Commission regulates the waterborne foreign commerce of the United States. It ensures that U.S. oceanborne trades are open to all on fair and equitable terms and protects against concerted activities and unlawful practices.

The Federal Maritime Commission was compliance with the provisions of law established by Reorganization Plan No. and its rules, orders, and regulations. 7 of 1961 (46 U.S.C. 301–307), effective Tariffs The Commission monitors August 12, 1961. It is an independent and prescribes requirements to ensure agency that regulates shipping under the accessibility and accuracy of electronic following statutes: the Shipping Act of tariff publications of common carriers 1984, as amended (46 U.S.C. 40101– engaged in the foreign commerce of 41309); Section 19 of the Merchant the United States. Special permission Marine Act, 1920 (46 U.S.C. 42101– applications may be submitted for relief 42109); the Foreign Shipping Practices from statutory and/or Commission tariff Act of 1988 (46 U.S.C. 42301–42307); requirements. and the act of November 6, 1966 (46 Service Contracts The Commission U.S.C. 44101–44106). receives and reviews filings of confidential service contracts between Activities shippers and ocean common carriers. Agreements The Commission reviews The Commission also monitors agreements by and among ocean publication of certain essential terms of common carriers and/or marine terminal those service contracts. operators, filed under section 5 of the Non-Vessel-Operating Common Shipping Act of 1984, for statutory Carrier Service Arrangements The compliance as well as for likely impact Commission receives and reviews service on competition. It also monitors activities arrangements entered into by non-vessel- under all effective agreements for operating common carriers and their customers. Cargo moving under these Federal Maritime Commission 371 OF TION OFFICE INFORMA TECHNOLOGY OF VICES GEMENT SER OFFICE MANA A TIVES A ON T ORK Y FLORID TTLE ORLEANS ANGELES COMMISSIONER AREA TH SEA HOUS NEW LOS NEW SOU REPRESENT OF AND FINANCE OFFICE BUDGET SIS AL Y Y OF COMMISSIONER U EQU ANAL OF TUNIT YMENT OF ADE BUREA RESOURCES TR EMPLO OPPOR OFFICE OFFICE COMMISSION HUMAN GING OF OR MANA DIRECT OFFICE CHAIRMAN TE THE AL VICES DISPU MARITIME SER THE CONSUMER GENER OF OF TION AND A TION AL OF U OR AIRS LICENSING TIFIC OFFICE BUREA AFF OFFICE RESOLU CER AND INSPECT FEDER TIVE A COMMISSIONER OF TR JUDGES W OFFICE A ADMINIS L THE OF U BUREA ENFORCEMENT OF COUNSEL COMMISSIONER AL OFFICE GENER THE Y AR OF SECRET OFFICE THE 372 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL service arrangements is exempt from Investigation and Economic Analyses ​ the tariff publication and adherence The Commission prescribes and requirements of the Shipping Act, on the administers programs to ensure condition that the service arrangements compliance with the provisions of must be filed with the Commission. the shipping statutes. These programs Licenses The Commission issues include: education and outreach licenses to those persons and entities activities; the collection of information in the United States who wish to carry relating to field investigation of activities out the business of providing freight and practices of ocean common carriers, forwarding services and non-vessel- terminal operators, agreements among operating common carrier services. ocean common carriers and/or marine Passenger Indemnity The Commission terminal operators, ocean transportation administers the passenger indemnity intermediaries, passenger vessel provisions of the act of November operators, and other persons subject to 6, 1966, which require shipowners the shipping statutes; and rate analyses, and operators to obtain certificates of studies, and economic reviews of current financial responsibility to pay judgments and prospective trade conditions, for personal injury or death or to refund including the extent and nature of fares in the event of nonperformance of competition in various trade areas. voyages. International Affairs The Commission Complaints The Commission reviews conducts investigations of foreign alleged or suspected violations of governmental and carrier practices that the shipping statutes and rules and adversely affect the U.S. shipping trade. regulations of the Commission and may In consultation with other executive take administrative action to institute agencies, the Commission takes action to formal proceedings, to refer matters to effect the elimination of discriminatory other governmental agencies, or to bring practices on the part of foreign about voluntary agreement between the governments against shipping in the parties. United States foreign trade and to achieve Formal Adjudicatory Procedures ​ comity between the United States and its The Commission conducts formal trading partners. investigations and hearings on its own motion and adjudicates formal Sources of Information complaints in accordance with the Electronic Access Information on Administrative Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. the Federal Maritime Commission is note prec. 551). available online. Internet, http://www. Alternative Dispute Resolution The fmc.gov/about/contact_us.aspx. Commission reviews informal complaints Electronic Reading Room Decisions and assists parties in resolving disputes. issued from July 1987 to the present and Mediation and other dispute resolution logs of all documents filed or issued in services are available to assist parties formal proceedings are available on the in achieving a more acceptable Commission’s Web site. Internet, http:// resolution to a dispute at less cost than www.fmc.gov/electronic_reading_room/ may be possible in litigation. These default1.aspx. services are available before and after Employment Contact the Office of the commencement of litigation. The Human Resources, Federal Maritime Commission also provides an informal Commission, 800 North Capitol Street process to adjudicate certain complaints NW., Washington, DC 20573–0001. involving less than $50,000 in damages. Phone, 202–523–5773. Internet, http:// Rulemaking The Commission www.fmc.gov/about/employment_ promulgates rules and regulations to opportunities.aspx. interpret, enforce, and ensure compliance Consumer Affairs and Dispute Resolution with shipping and related statutes by Services Contact the Office of common carriers and other persons Consumer Affairs and Dispute Resolution subject to the Commission’s jurisdiction. Services. Phone, 202–523–5807. Email, Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service 373 [email protected]. Internet, http:// affairs_and_dispute_resolution_services. www.fmc.gov/bureaus_offices/consumer_ aspx. For further information, contact the Office of the Secretary, Federal Maritime Commission, 800 North Capitol Street NW., Washington, DC 20573–0001. Phone, 202–523–5725. Fax, 202–523–0014. Email, [email protected]. Internet, http://www.fmc.gov.

FEDERAL MEDIATION AND CONCILIATION SERVICE 2100 K Street NW., Washington, DC 20427 Phone, 202–606–8100. Internet, http://www.fmcs.gov.

Director Scot L. Beckenbaugh, Acting

The Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service helps labor and management resolve disputes in collective bargaining contract negotiation, provides training to unions and management in cooperative processes, and provides alternative dispute resolution services and training to Government agencies.

The Federal Mediation and Conciliation with FMCS and the appropriate State or Service (FMCS) was created by the local mediation agency. If State or other Labor Management Relations Act, 1947 conciliation services are available to the (29 U.S.C. 172). The President, with parties, FMCS avoids mediating disputes the advice and consent of the Senate, that may affect, only lightly, interstate appoints the Director. commerce. Mediation FMCS mediators focus on Activities establishing sound, stable, and enduring By providing mediators to assist labor and labor-management relations. Their efforts management resolve their differences, help to reduce the incidence of work FMCS reduces interstate commerce flow stoppages. The mediator’s basic function disruptions that stem from disputes. is to encourage and promote better Mediators have no law enforcement day-to-day relations between labor and authority and rely wholly on persuasive management so that problematic issues techniques. arising in negotiations may be settled With the exception of airlines and through cooperation and compromise railroads, FMCS offers its services to any rather than dispute. To locate a mediator industry that affects interstate commerce online, use the link below. and whose employees have union Internet, http://www.fmcs.gov/internet/ representation. When FMCS deems findMediator.asp?categoryID=72. that a dispute may interrupt the flow Arbitration At the joint request of of commerce substantially, it becomes employers and unions, FMCS does involved, either on its own initiative provide its roster of arbitrators, who are or at the request of one or more of the private practitioners and qualified as disputants. The Labor Management neutrals, to adjudicate matters in dispute. Relations Act requires that parties to a For further information, contact the labor contract must file a dispute notice Office of Arbitration Services. Phone, if agreement is not reached 30 days in 202–606–5111. advance of a contract termination or Internet, http://www.fmcs.gov/internet/categoryList. reopening date. The notice must be filed asp?categoryID=24. For further information, contact the Public Affairs Office, Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service, 2100 K Street NW., Washington, DC 20427. Phone, 202–606–8100. Internet, http://www.fmcs.gov. 374 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL FEDERAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION 1331 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Suite 520N, Washington, DC 20004–1710 Phone, 202–434–9900. Internet, http://www.fmshrc.gov.

Chairman Mary Lucille Jordan Commissioners William I. Althen, Robert F. Cohen, Jr., Patrick Nakamura, Michael G. Young Chief Administrative Law Judge Robert J. Lesnick General Counsel Michael A. McCord Executive Director Lisa M. Boyd

The Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission ensures compliance with occupational safety and health standards in the Nation’s surface and underground coal, metal, and nonmetal mines.

The Federal Mine Safety and Health disputes over mine emergency response Review Commission is an independent, plans. adjudicative agency established by Cases brought before the the Federal Mine Safety and Health Commission are assigned to the Office Act of 1977 (30 U.S.C. 801 et seq.), as of Administrative Law Judges, and amended. It provides administrative trial hearings are conducted pursuant to and appellate review of legal disputes the requirements of the Administrative arising from enforcement actions taken Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. 554, 556) and by the Department of Labor. the Commission’s procedural rules (29 The Commission comprises five CFR 2700). members who are appointed by the A judge’s decision becomes a final, but President with the advice and consent of nonprecedential order of the Commission the Senate. Each member serves a 6-year 40 days after issuance unless the term, and all the terms are staggered. Commission has directed the case for The President appoints one of the review in response to a petition or on its Commissioners to serve as the Chairman. own motion. If a review is conducted, The Commission and its Office of a decision of the Commission becomes Administrative Law Judges are charged final 30 days after issuance unless a with deciding cases brought before party adversely affected seeks review in it by the Mine Safety and Health the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals for the Administration, mine operators, and District of Columbia or the Circuit within miners or their representatives. These which the mine subject to the litigation is cases generally involve review of the located. Administration’s enforcement actions, As far as practicable, hearings are held including citations, mine-closure orders, at locations convenient to the affected and proposals for civil penalties issued mines. In addition to its Washington, for violations of the act or the mandatory DC, offices, the Office of Administrative safety and health standards promulgated Law Judges maintains an office in the by the Secretary of Labor. The Colonnade Center, Room 280, 1244 Commission also has jurisdiction over Speer Boulevard, Denver, CO 80204. discrimination complaints filed by miners or their representatives in connection Sources of Information with their safety and health, complaints Commission decisions are published for compensation filed on behalf of bimonthly and are available through miners idled as a result of mine closure the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. orders issued by the Administration, and Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. The Commission’s Web site Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission 375 ONER EL COMMISSI COUNS L NER GENERA COMMISSION COMMISSIO TRATIVE JUDGE REVIEW ADMINIS LAW CHIEF MAN HEALTH CHAIR TOR AND DIREC IVE SAFETY EXECUT ONER MINE L COMMISSI FEDERA POLICY ADVISOR SENIOR ONER COMMISSI 376 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL includes recent decisions, a searchable from the Executive Director, Federal Mine database of previous decisions, Safety and Health Review Commission, procedural rules, audio recordings 1331 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Suite of recent public meetings, and other 520N, Washington, DC 20004–1710. pertinent information. For information on filing requirements, Requests for Commission records the status of cases before the should be submitted in accordance Commission, or docket information, with the Commission’s Freedom of contact the Office of General Counsel or Information Act regulations. Other the Docket Office, Federal Mine Safety information, including Commission rules and Health Review Commission, 1331 of procedure and brochures explaining Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Suite 520N, the Commission’s functions, is available Washington, DC 20004–1710. For further information, contact the Executive Director, Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission, 1331 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Suite 520N, Washington DC 20004–1710. Phone, 202–434–9905. Fax, 202–434–9906. Email, [email protected]. Internet, http://www.fmshrc.gov.

FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM Twentieth Street and Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20551 Phone, 202–452–3000. Internet, http://www.federalreserve.gov.

Chairman Janet L. Yellen Vice Chair Stanley Fischer Members Jerome H. Powell, Jeremy C. Stein, Daniel K. Tarullo, Lael Brainard, (vacancy) Director, Division of Board Members Michelle A. Smith General Counsel Scott G. Alvarez Secretary Robert de V. Frierson Director, Division of Banking Supervision and Michael S. Gibson Regulation Director, Division of Consumer and Community Tonda Price, Acting Affairs Director, Division of Federal Reserve Bank Louise L. Roseman Operations and Payment Systems Director, Division of Information Technology Sharon L. Mowry Director, Division of International Finance Steven B. Kamin Director, Management Division Michell C. Clark Director, Division of Monetary Affairs William B. English Director, Division of Research and Statistics David W. Wilcox Inspector General Mark Bialek

The Federal Reserve System, the central bank of the United States, administers and formulates the Nation’s credit and monetary policy.

The Federal Reserve System (FRS) was regulating banks, and acting as lender of established by the Federal Reserve Act last resort. (12 U.S.C. 221), approved December FRS contributes to the strength 23, 1913. Its major responsibility is in and vitality of the U.S. economy. By the execution of monetary policy. It also influencing the lending and investing performs other functions, such as the activities of depository institutions and transfer of funds, handling Government the cost and availability of money and deposits and debt issues, supervising and credit, the FRS promotes the full use Federal Reserve System 377 of human and capital resources, the Supervision of Federal Reserve Banks ​ growth of productivity, relatively stable The Board is authorized to make prices, and equilibrium in the Nation’s examinations of the Federal Reserve international balance of payments. Banks, to require statements and reports Through its supervisory and regulatory from such Banks, to supervise the issue banking functions, FRS helps maintain and retirement of Federal Reserve a commercial banking system that is notes, to require the establishment or responsive to the Nation’s financial needs discontinuance of branches of Reserve and objectives. Banks, and to exercise supervision over FRS comprises the Board of Governors; all relationships and transactions of those the 12 Federal Reserve Banks and Banks with foreign branches. their 25 branches and other facilities; Supervision of Bank Holding Companies ​ the Federal Open Market Committee; The Federal Reserve supervises and the Federal Advisory Council; the regulates bank holding companies. Its Consumer Advisory Council; the Thrift objective is to maintain the separation Institutions Advisory Council; and the between banking and commerce by Nation’s financial institutions, including controlling the expansion of bank holding commercial banks, savings and loan companies, preventing the formation of associations, mutual savings banks, and banking monopolies, restraining certain credit unions. trade practices in banking, and limiting Board of Governors The Board the nonbanking activities of bank holding comprises seven members appointed companies. A company that seeks to by the President with the advice and become a bank holding company must consent of the Senate. The Chairman obtain the prior approval of the Federal of the Board of Governors is a member Reserve. Any company that qualifies as a of the National Advisory Council on bank holding company must register and International Monetary and Financial file reports with the FRS. Policies. The Board determines general Supervision of Banking Organizations ​ monetary, credit, and operating policies The Federal Reserve supervises and for the System as a whole and formulates regulates domestic and international the rules and regulations necessary to activities of U.S. banking organizations. It carry out the purposes of the Federal supervises State-chartered banks that are Reserve Act. The Board’s principal members of the System, all bank holding duties consist of monitoring credit companies, and Edge Act and agreement conditions; supervising the Federal corporations (corporations chartered to Reserve Banks, member banks, and bank engage in international banking). holding companies; and regulating the The Board has jurisdiction over the implementation of certain consumer admission of State banks and trust credit protection laws. companies to membership in the FRS, The Board has the power, within membership termination for these banks, statutory limitations, to fix the the establishment of branches by these requirements for reserves to be banks, and the approval of bank mergers maintained by depository institutions and consolidations where the resulting on transaction accounts or nonpersonal institution will be a State member bank. time deposits. The Board reviews and It receives copies of condition reports determines the discount rate charged submitted to the Federal Reserve Banks. It by the Federal Reserve Banks. For the has power to examine all member banks purpose of preventing excessive use of and the affiliates of member banks and credit for the purchase or carrying of to require condition reports from them. securities, the Board is authorized to It has authority to require periodic and regulate the amount of credit that may other public disclosure of information be initially extended and subsequently with respect to an equity security of a maintained on any security (with certain State member bank that is held by 500 exceptions). or more persons. It establishes minimum standards with respect to installation, 378 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL maintenance, and operation of security Bank presidents rotate annually as devices and procedures by State member members of the Committee. banks. It can issue cease-and-desist Open market operations of the Reserve orders in connection with violations Banks are conducted under regulations of law or unsafe or unsound banking adopted by the Committee and pursuant practices by State member banks and to to specific policy directives issued remove directors or officers of such banks by the Committee, which meets in in certain circumstances. It also can Washington, DC, at frequent intervals. suspend member banks from use of the Purchases and sales of securities in the Federal Reserve System’s credit facilities open market are undertaken to supply for using bank credit for speculation or bank reserves to support the credit and other purposes inconsistent with the money needed for long-term economic maintenance of sound credit conditions. growth, to offset cyclical economic The Board may grant authority to swings, and to accommodate seasonal member banks to establish branches demands of businesses and consumers in foreign countries or dependencies for money and credit. These operations or insular possessions of the United are carried out principally in U.S. States, to invest in the stocks of banks Government obligations, but they also or corporations engaged in international include purchases and sales of Federal or foreign banking, or to invest in agency obligations. All operations are foreign banks. It also charters, regulates, conducted in New York, where the and supervises certain corporations primary markets for these securities are that engage in foreign or international located; the Federal Reserve Bank of New banking and financial activities. York executes transactions for the Federal The Board is authorized to issue Reserve System Open Market Account in general regulations permitting carrying out these operations. interlocking relationships in certain Under the Committee’s direction, circumstances between member banks the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and organizations dealing in securities or also undertakes transactions in foreign between member banks and other banks. currencies for the Federal Reserve The Board prescribes regulations System Open Market Account. The to ensure a meaningful disclosure by purposes of these operations include lenders of credit terms so that consumers helping to safeguard the value of the will be able to compare more readily the dollar in international exchange markets various credit terms available and will and facilitating growth in international be informed about rules governing credit liquidity in accordance with the needs of cards, including their potential liability an expanding world economy. for unauthorized use. Federal Reserve Banks The 12 The Board has authority to impose Federal Reserve Banks are located in reserve requirements and interest rate Atlanta, GA; Boston, MA; Chicago, ceilings on branches and agencies of IL; Cleveland, OH; Dallas, TX; Kansas foreign banks in the United States, to City, MO; Minneapolis, MN; New York, grant loans to them, to provide them NY; Philadelphia, PA; Richmond, VA; access to Federal Reserve services, and to San Francisco, CA; and St. Louis, MO. limit their interstate banking activities. Branch banks are located in Baltimore, Federal Open Market Committee The MD; Birmingham, AL; Buffalo, NY; Federal Open Market Committee Charlotte, NC; Cincinnati, OH; Denver, comprises the Board of Governors and CO; Detroit, MI; El Paso, TX; Helena, MT; five of the presidents of the Reserve Houston, TX; Jacksonville, FL; Little Rock, Banks. The Chairman of the Board of AR; Los Angeles, CA; Louisville, KY; Governors is traditionally the Chairman Memphis, TN; Miami, FL; Nashville, TN; of the Committee. The president of New Orleans, LA; Oklahoma City, OK; the Federal Reserve Bank of New York Omaha, NE; Pittsburgh, PA; Portland, serves as a permanent member of the OR; Salt Lake City, UT; San Antonio, TX; Committee. Four of the twelve Reserve and Seattle, WA. Federal Reserve System 379 Reserves on Deposit The Reserve Banks gold certificates, paper discounted receive and hold on deposit the reserve or purchased by the Bank, and direct or clearing account deposits of depository obligations of the United States. institutions. These banks are permitted Other Powers The Reserve Banks are to count their vault cash as part of their empowered to act as clearinghouses required reserve. and as collecting agents for depository Extensions of Credit The Federal institutions in the collection of checks Reserve is required to open its discount and other instruments. They are also window to any depository institution authorized to act as depositories and that is subject to its reserve requirements fiscal agents of the United States and on transaction accounts or nonpersonal to exercise other banking functions time deposits. Discount window credit specified in the Federal Reserve Act. They provides for Federal Reserve lending to perform a number of important functions eligible depository institutions under two in connection with the issue and basic programs. One is the adjustment redemption of United States Government credit program; the other supplies more securities. extended credit for certain limited purposes. Sources of Information Short-term adjustment credit is the Employment Written inquiries regarding primary type of Federal Reserve credit. employment should be addressed to the It is available to help borrowers meet Director, Division of Personnel, Board of temporary requirements for funds. Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Borrowers are not permitted to use Washington, DC 20551. adjustment credit to take advantage of Procurement Firms seeking business any spread between the discount rate and with the Board should address their market rates. inquiries to the Director, Division of Extended credit is provided through Support Services, Board of Governors of three programs designed to assist the Federal Reserve System, Washington, depository institutions in meeting longer DC 20551. term needs for funds. One provides Publications Among the publications seasonal credit—for periods running issued by the Board are “The Federal up to 9 months—to smaller depository Reserve System: Purposes and Functions” institutions that lack access to market and a series of pamphlets, including funds. A second program assists “Guide to Business Credit and the Equal institutions that experience special Credit Opportunity Act”; “Consumer difficulties arising from exceptional Handbook”; “Making Deposits: When circumstances or practices involving only Will Your Money Be Available”; and that institution. Finally, in cases where “When Your Home Is On the Line: more general liquidity strains are affecting What You Should Know About Home a broad range of depository institutions— Equity Lines of Credit.” Copies of these such as those whose portfolios consist pamphlets are available free of charge. primarily of longer term assets—credit Information regarding publications may may be provided to address the problems be obtained in Room MP–510 (Martin of particular institutions being affected by Building) of the Board’s headquarters. the general situation. Phone, 202–452–3244. Currency Issue The Reserve Banks issue Reading Room A reading room where Federal Reserve notes, which constitute persons may inspect public records is the bulk of money in circulation. These located in Room B–1122 at the Board’s notes are obligations of the United States headquarters, Twentieth Street and and are a prior lien upon the assets Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, of the issuing Federal Reserve Bank. DC 20551. Information regarding the They are issued against a pledge by the availability of records may be obtained Reserve Bank with the Federal Reserve by calling 202–452–3684. agent of collateral security including 380 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

For further information, contact the Office of Public Affairs, Board of Governors, Federal Reserve System, Washington, DC 20551. Phone, 202–452–3204 or 202–452–3215. Internet, http://www.federalreserve.gov.

FEDERAL RETIREMENT THRIFT INVESTMENT BOARD 77 K Street NE., Washington, DC 20002 Phone, 202–942–1600. Fax, 202–942–1676. Internet, http://www.frtib.gov/Home.html.

Chairman Michael D. Kennedy Members Dana K. Bilyeu, William S. Jasien, David A. Jones, Ronald D. McCray Executive Director Gregory T. Long Chief Investment Officer Tracey A. Ray Director of Participant Services Thomas K. Emswiler Director of External Affairs Kimberly A. Weaver General Counsel James B. Petrick Chief Technology Officer Mark Walther Chief Financial Officer Susan C. Crowder Director of Enterprise Planning Renee Wilder Director, Resource Management Gisile Goethe, Acting Director of Enterprise Risk Management Jay Ahuja Director, Office of Communications and James Courtney Education

The Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board administers the Thrift Savings Plan, which provides Federal employees the opportunity to save for additional retirement security.

The Federal Retirement Thrift Investment established as one of the three parts Board was established as an independent of the Federal Employees’ Retirement agency by the Federal Employees’ System. For employees covered under Retirement System Act of 1986 (5 U.S.C. the System, savings accumulated through 8351 and 8401–79). The act vests the Plan make an important addition responsibility for the agency in six named to Social Security retirement benefits fiduciaries: the five Board members and and the System’s Basic Annuity. Civil the Executive Director. The President, Service Retirement System employees with the advice and consent of the and members of the Uniformed Services Senate, appoints the five members of may also take advantage of the Plan to the Board, one of whom is designated supplement their annuities. as Chairman. The members serve on a The Board operates the Thrift Savings part-time basis, and they appoint the Plan and manages the investments of the Executive Director, who is responsible for Thrift Savings Fund solely for the benefit the management of the agency and the of participants and their beneficiaries. Plan. As part of these responsibilities, the Board maintains an account for each Activities Plan participant, makes loans, purchases The Thrift Savings Plan is a tax-deferred, annuity contracts, and provides for the defined contribution plan that was payment of benefits. Internet, https://www.tsp.gov/index.shtml. For further information, contact the Director of External Affairs, Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board, 77 K Street NE., Washington, DC 20002. Phone, 202–942–1640. Internet, http://www.frtib.gov/Home.html. Federal Trade Commission 381 FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION 600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20580 Phone, 202–326–2222. Internet, http://www.ftc.gov.

Chair Edith Ramirez Commissioners Julie Brill, Terrell McSweeny, Maureen K. Ohlhausen, Joshua D. Wright Chief of Staff Heather Hippsley Executive Director David Robbins Chief Administrative Law Judge D. Michael Chappell Director, Bureau of Competition Deborah L. Feinstein Director, Bureau of Consumer Protection Jessica Rich Director, Bureau of Economics Martin S. Gaynor Director, Office of Congressional Relations Jeanne Bumpus Director, Office of International Affairs Randolph W. Tritell Director, Office of Policy Planning Andrew I. Gavil Director, Office of Public Affairs Justin Cole Director, Equal Employment Opportunity Kevin Williams General Counsel Jonathan E. Nuechterlein Inspector General Scott Wilson Secretary of the Commission Donald S. Clark [For the Federal Trade Commission statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 16, Part 0]

The Federal Trade Commission protects America’s consumers and enforces laws that prohibit anticompetitive, deceptive, or unfair business practices.

The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) was is vigourously competive and offers established in 1914 by the Federal Trade accessible and accurate information to Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 41–58). The consumers, an econonmy that yields Commission comprises five members, high-quality products at competitive whom the President appoints, with the prices and fosters efficiency, innovation, advice and consent of the Senate, for a and consumer choice. term of 7 years. No more than three of Competition The FTC prevents the Commissioners may be members of anticompetitive mergers and assures the same political party. The President that the marketplace is free from designates one of them as Chair of the anticompetitive business practices. Commission to oversee its administrative To achieve its goal of promoting management. competition, the FTC engages in six law enforcement-related activities: premerger Activities notification, merger and joint venture The FTC protects consumers and enforcement, merger and joint venture promotes competition in broad sectors compliance, nonmerger enforcement, of the economy. Its work centers on nonmerger compliance, and antitrust safeguarding and strengthening free and policy. Policy initiatives, research, and open markets and helping consumers business guidance and education also make informed choices. The FTC play a role in promoting competition. performs its mission by using a variety Consumer Protection The FTC brings a of tools: law enforcement, rulemaking, variety of consumer protection cases and research, studies of marketplace works with State attorneys general and trends and legal developments, and other State and local consumer protection consumer and business education. The officials. To achieve its goal of protecting FTC envisions a U.S. economy that consumers, the FTC relies on five law 382 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL OF BUREAU ECONOMICS NER ON OF BUREAU COMPETITI COMMISSIO TIVE OF OF OF GENERAL TUNITY JUDGES OR EMPLOYMENT W OFFICE OFFICE OFFICE LA OPPOR NER ADMINISTRA EQUAL INSPECT ON COMMISSIO COMMISSI AFF OF OR ST OF REGIONS DIRECT OFFICE EXECUTIVE CHAIRMAN CHIEF TRADE NER FEDERAL Y AIRS THE OF OF COMMISSIO OF OF AR TIONAL OF AFF TIONS AIRS PLANNING AFF OFFICE OFFICE OFFICE RELA OFFICE SECRET PUBLIC OFFICE INTERNA CONGRESSIONAL POLICY CONSUMER NER OF PROTECTION BUREAU COMMISSIO THE OF COUNSEL OFFICE GENERAL Federal Trade Commission 383 enforcement functions: privacy and Sources of Information identity protection, financial practices, Complaints To file a complaint in marketing practices, advertising practices, English or Spanish, use the link below and enforcement. Policy initiatives, or call 1–877–FTC–HELP (1–877–382– research, and business and consumer 4357). The FTC enters complaints into education also enhance protection. Consumer Sentinel, a secure, online Enforcement The FTC’s law database available to more than 2,000 enforcement work covers actions to foster civil and criminal law enforcement voluntary compliance with the law and agencies in the U.S. and abroad. formal administrative or Federal court To inform the Competition Bureau litigation leading to mandatory orders about particular business practices, against offenders. call 202–326–3300, send an e-mail The FTC issues an administrative to [email protected], or write to the complaint or authorizes the filing of a Office of Policy and Coordination, Federal district court complaint charging Bureau of Competition, Federal Trade a person, partnership, or corporation Commission, 600 Pennsylvania Avenue, with violating one or more of the statutes NW., Washington, DC 20580. Internet, enforced by the FTC. If the charges https://www.ftccomplaintassistant. are not contested, settled by consent gov/#crnt&panel1-1. of the parties, or are found to be true Contracts and Procurement For after an administrative hearing or a information on contracts and Federal court trial, an administrative procurement, contact the Assistant law judge or Federal court judge issues Chief Financial Officer for Acquisitions, an order requiring discontinuance of Federal Trade Commission, Washington, the unlawful practices. Also, the FTC DC 20580. Phone, 202–326–2339. Fax, may request that a U.S. district court 202–326–3529. Internet, http://www.ftc. issue preliminary relief to halt allegedly gov/ftc/oed/fmo/procure/procure.shtm. unfair or deceptive practices, to prevent Employment Job seekers must apply an anticompetitive merger or unfair for most positions online, through the methods of competition from taking Office of Personnel Management’s place, or to prevent violations of any application system, USAJOBS (https:// statute enforced by the FTC, pending my.usajobs.gov/). For employment- the full adjudication of the matter. In related information, contact the Human Federal court, the FTC may obtain other Capital Management Office. Phone, relief, including monetary redress. An 202–326–2021. TTY, 202–326–3422. order issued after an administrative or Internet, http://www.ftc.gov/about-ftc/ Federal court proceeding that requires careers-ftc. the respondent to cease and desist or take General Inquiries To obtain general other corrective action may be appealed. information or reach a variety of offices, International Affairs The FTC works contact the Federal Trade Commission at with other nations and international 202–326–2222. Internet, http://www.ftc. organizations to promote sound gov/about-ftc/bureaus-offices. competition and consumer protection Publications Free consumer and policies and provide technical assistance business education publications are to enable developing competition and available from the Consumer Response consumer protection agencies to perform Center, Federal Trade Commission, their missions. Washington, DC 20580. Phone, 877– Regional Offices A list of Federal Trade 382–4357. TTY, 866–653–4261. Internet, Commission regional offices is available https://bulkorder.ftc.gov/. online. Workshops Information on conferences Internet, http://www.ftc.gov/ro/index.shtml. and workshops that are open to the public is available online. Internet, http://www.ftc.gov/news-events/events- calendar/all. 384 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

For further information, contact the Office of Public Affairs, Federal Trade Commission, 600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20580. Phone, 202–326–2180. Fax, 202–326–3366. Internet, http://www.ftc. gov/about-ftc/bureaus-offices/office-public-affairs.

GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION 1275 First Street NE., Washington, DC 20417 Internet, http://www.gsa.gov.

Administrator Daniel M. Tangherlini Deputy Administrator Denise Turner-Roth Chief of Staff Adam Neufeld White House Liaison Reginald H. Cardozo, Jr. Chairman, Civilian Board of Contract Appeals Stephen M. Daniels Inspector General Brian D. Miller General Counsel Kris E. Durmer Associate Administrator, Office of Civil Rights Madeline C. Caliendo Associate Administrator, Office of Government- Anne E. Rung wide Policy Associate Administrator, Office of Citizen David L. McClure Services and Innovative Technologies Associate Administrator, Office of Betsaida Alcantara Communications and Marketing Associate Administrator, Office of Lisa A. Austin Congressional and Intergovernmental Affairs Associate Administrator, Office of Small Karen Poole, Acting Business Utilization Associate Administrator, Office of Emergency Robert Carter, Acting Response and Recovery Chief Financial Officer Michael Casella Chief Human Capital Officer Anthony E. Costa Chief Information Officer Sonny Hashmi, Acting Chief Administrative Services Officer Cynthia A. Metzler Chief Acquisition Officer Anne E. Rung Commissioner, Federal Acquisition Service Thomas A. Sharpe Commissioner, Public Buildings Service Norman Dong Regional Administrator, New England Robert Zarnetske Regional Administrator, Northeast and Denise L. Pease Caribbean Regional Administrator, Mid-Atlantic Sara Manzano-Diaz Regional Administrator, Southeast Sunbelt Erville Koehler Regional Administrator, Great Lakes Ann P. Kalayil Regional Administrator, Heartland Jason O. Klumb Regional Administrator, Greater Southwest Sylvia Hernandez, Acting Regional Administrator, Rocky Mountain Susan B. Damour Regional Administrator, Pacific Rim Ruth F. Cox Regional Administrator, Northwest/Arctic George E. Northcroft Regional Administrator, National Capital Julia E. Hudson [For the General Services Administration statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 41, Part 105–53] General Services Administration 385

The General Services Administration makes policy for and provides management of Government property and records, including construction and operation of buildings; procurement and distribution of supplies; utilization and disposal of real and personal property; transportation, travel, fleet, and communications management; and the Governmentwide automatic data processing resources program.

The General Services Administration OGP’s policymaking authority and (GSA) was established by section 101 of policy support activities cover the the Federal Property and Administrative following areas: electronic government Services Act of 1949 (40 U.S.C. 751). and information technology, acquisition, Civilian Board of Contract Appeals ​ real property and the workplace, travel, The Civilian Board of Contract transportation, personal property, Appeals resolves disputes between aircraft, the Federal motor vehicle fleet, contractors and executive agencies, mail, regulatory information, energy excluding the Postal Service, Postal Rate efficiency, and the use of Federal Commission, National Aeronautics and Advisory Committees. OGP also provides Space Administration, and Tennessee leadership to interagency groups and Valley Authority. The Board also hears promotes Governmentwide management and decides requests for review of reform. OGP’s six business lines are transportation audit rate determinations; the Office of Acquisition Policy; the claims by Federal civilian employees, Office of Asset and Transportation including Department of Defense Policy; the Office Committee and employees, regarding travel and Regulatory Management; the Office of relocation expenses; claims for the Information, Integrity, and Access; the proceeds of the sale of property of Office of Federal High-Performance certain Federal civilian employees; cases Green Buildings; the Office of Executive involving the Indian Self-Determination Councils. For further information on and Education Assistance Act and the OGP, call 202–501–8880. Federal Crop Insurance Corporation; and The Office of Acquisition Policy (OAP) arbitration requests to resolve disputes leads positive change in acquisition between applicants and the Federal policy through its role on the Federal Emergency Management Agency over Acquisition Regulation (FAR) Council funding for public assistance applications as well as through GSA acquisition arising from the damage caused by policy, guidance, and reporting to Hurricanes Katrina and Rita and stakeholders. OAP, in conjunction with applications by prevailing parties for fees the Department of Defense and NASA, under the Equal Access to Justice Act. writes the FAR, which serves as the rule The Board also provides alternative book for all Federal agency procurements dispute resolution services to executive and governs the billions of dollars spent agencies in contract-related disputes. by the Federal Government every year. Although it is located within the OAP also hosts the Federal Acquisition Administration, the Board functions as an Institute (FAI), which is charged with independent tribunal. fostering and promoting the development For further information, contact the Civilian of the Federal acquisition workforce, Board of Contract Appeals, General Services along with its training, certification, Administration, Washington, DC 20405. Phone, and warrant needs. OAP also oversees 202–606–8800. Internet, http://www.cbca.gsa.gov/. acquisition integrity functions for GSA. Office of Government-wide Policy The The Regulatory Secretariat Division Office of Government-wide Policy staff prepares, compiles, and processes (OGP) collaborates with the Federal regulatory and general notices for community to develop policies and publication in the “Federal Register.” guidelines for the management and The OAP is headed by the Deputy Chief efficient use of Government property, Acquisition Officer/Senior Procurement technology, and administrative services. Executive and includes the Office of Government-wide Acquisition Policy; the 386 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL 6 8 WA CO 10 REGION 2 CITY, MO REGION REGION REGION REGION REGION REGION REGION REGION 4 ATLANTA, GA AUBURN, WA REGION DENVER, CO DENVER, AUBURN, ATLANTA, GA NEW YORK, NY THE HEARTLAND KANSAS CITY, MO THE HEARTLAND NORTHWEST/ARCTIC KANSAS SOUTHEAST SUNBELT ROCKY MOUNTAIN NORTHEAST AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN NEW YORK, NY NORTHWEST/ARCTIC CARIBBEAN SOUTHWEST SUNBELT NORTHEAST AND CARIBBEAN DC 11 DEPUTY REGION ADMINISTRATOR WASHINGTON, NATIONAL CAPITAL CA PA IL 5 RIM 1 MA

REGION REGION REGION REGION CHICAGO, IL PACIFIC RIM GREAT LAKES REGION 9 REGION 3 REGION 7 REGION MID-ATLANTIC FT. WORTH, TX PACIFIC REGION CHICAGO, PHILADELPHIA, PA MID-ATLANTIC GREAT LAKES SAN FRANCISCO, CA FT. WORTH, TX BOSTON, GREATER SOUTHWEST NEW ENGLAND SAN FRANCISCO, GREATER SOUTHWEST PHILADELPHIA, ASSURANCE AFFAIRS POLICY OFFICER OFFICE OF OFFICER OFFICE OF OFFICE OF UTILIZATION OFFICE OF AND RECOVERY OFFICE OF THE SMALL BUSINESS OFFICE OF THE CHIEF FINANCIAL GOVERNMENTWIDE CHIEF INFORMATION CONGRESSIONAL AND MISSION INTERGOVERNMENTAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE CHIEF OF STAFF ADMINISTRATOR OF GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION OFFICE OF OFFICE OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT OFFICE OF THE OFFICE OF OFFICE OF CIVIL RIGHTS GENERAL COUNSEL SERVICES OFFICER HUMAN RESOURCES AND MARKETING CHIEF ADMINISTRATIVE CITIZEN SERVICES AND COMMUNICATIONS NATIONAL STAFF OFFICES INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES LIAISON SERVICE OFFICE OF SERVICE WHITE HOUSE PUBLIC BUILDINGS CIVILIAN BOARD OF CONTRACT APPEALS INSPECTOR GENERAL NATIONAL SERVICES FEDERAL ACQUISITION INDEPENDENT STAFF OFFICES General Services Administration 387 Office of General Services Acquisition domain registration and management, Policy, Integrity and Workforce; and the and Section 508 accessibility Federal Acquisition Institute. For further management. For further information, call information, call 202–501–1777. 202–501–0202. The Office of Asset and Transportation The Office of Federal High- Policy supports Federal agencies in the Performance Green Buildings helps economic and efficient management of the Federal Government operate more assets and specific services. It develops efficiently and effectively by minimizing effective policies and guidance for travel, the Federal footprint through efficient employee relocation allowances and use of energy, water, and resources. entitlements, personal and real property, It also helps create healthy and motor vehicles, aircraft, transportation, productive workspaces for Federal and mail. The Office maintains liaisons employees. Congress authorized this with State and local governments, Office to increase Federal leadership industry, and professional organizations, in sustainable real property portfolio and it participates in the work of boards, management and operations. The committees, and groups related to asset Office works to promote, coordinate, and transportation management. The and stimulate environmentally friendly Office also provides advice, guidance, construction and building management and formal classroom training and practices across the entire Federal consultation to agencies regarding Government, which has over 400,000 establishing and managing Federal owned or leased buildings containing advisory committees, as mandated by over 3 billion square feet of space. The the Federal Advisory Committee Act. Office has three principal categories The Office of Asset and Transportation of activity: leading and coordinating Policy’s divisions include: policy the greening of the Federal real estate performance, aviation, transportation and portfolio, supporting innovation and mail, personal property, real property, collaboration on the development of new travel and relocation, motor vehicle, and technologies, and supplying the market the Committee Management Secretariat. with information and best practices. To For further information, call 202–501– accomplish its goals, the Office relies 1777. on an interdisciplinary team of energy, The Office of Committee and water, air quality, sustainable design, Regulatory Management develops facilities management, budgeting, human Governmentwide policies, guidance, behavior, organizational effectiveness, performance measures, regulations, and communications experts. For further and training on the management and information, call 202–219–1522. operation of the Federal advisory The Office of Executive Councils committees. It also gathers and publishes coordinates with the Office of information about Federal regulations Management and Budget and Federal and their effect on society. management councils to identify The Office of Information, Integrity, performance improvement initiatives and Access develops, coordinates, and to pursue Governmentwide, to lead defines information technology business working groups to drive these initiatives, strategies that allow Federal agencies to to establish performance goals, and to improve services to American citizens. facilitate the adoption of new processes The Office also provides assistance for by Federal agencies. The Office analyzes and develops policy in the following data, diagnoses challenges, identifies areas: data and acquisition management, best practices, and documents the identity credentialing and access benefits delivered by the initiatives. management, information management This Office also provides technical and and improvements of analysis capability management services to the following and architecture development efforts on Federal management councils: the cross-agency priorities and enterprise Chief Acquisition Officers Council, the data management strategies, Dot Gov Chief Financial Officers Council, the 388 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Chief Information Officers Council, the Government information is available and Performance Improvement Council, and accessible to the public. OCSIT manages the President’s Management Council. For the U.S. Government’s official Web portal further information, call 202–273–4925. USA.Gov, where online visitors can find For further information, contact the Office of information on any aspect of the Federal Government-wide Policy. Phone, 202–501– Government, and GobiernoUSA.gov, the 8880. Internet, http://www.gsa.gov/portal/ Spanish language version of the portal. category/21396. OCSIT manages the Federal Citizen Citizen Services and Innovative Information Center (FCIC), which helps Technologies The Office of Citizen Federal agencies and departments Services and Innovative Technologies develop, promote, and distribute useful (OCSIT) is the Nation’s focal point for consumer information to the public. information and services offered by the Citizens can get the access they need in Federal Government to the public. The a variety of ways: consulting FCIC’s print Office provides tools, practices, and publications, calling 1–800–333–4636, templates to facilitate the Government’s sending an e-mail, or accessing one adoption of new technologies to of FCIC’s Web sites, which are listed enhance customer service and improve below. The FCIC also maintains the operational efficiency and effectiveness. National Contact Center and publishes OCSIT also creates products and services the “Consumer Information Catalog” and that help Federal agencies innovate, the “Consumer Action Handbook.” For enhance public services and engagement, information on these two publications, and improve resource management. use the following link: http://www.gsa. For 40-years, the Office has been using gov/portal/content/103355. multiple delivery channels to provide For further information, contact the Federal Citizen consumer information and services to Information Center’s National Contact Center. the public. The Office works closely with Phone, 1–800–333–4636. Internet, http://www.gsa. gov/portal/category/101011. other Federal agencies to ensure that

The FCIC maintains the following Government information Web sites. Web Site Resources http://www.usa.gov/ General Government information http://kids.usa.gov/ Government information for kids http://www.publications.usa.gov/ Government informational publications http://www.howto.gov/ Information to help Government agencies enhance customer experience https://www.challenge.gov/ Government challenges that are posted for the public to help solve and win prizes http://www.data.gov/ Accessible and readable Government datasets http://www.usa.gov/gobiernousa/ General Government information in Spanish

Small Business Utilization The Office For further information, contact the Office of Small Business Utilization. Phone, 202–501– of Small Business Utilization (OSBU) 1021. Internet, http://www.gsa.gov/portal/ promotes increased access to GSA’s category/21015. nationwide procurement opportunities for small, HUBZone, and minority-, veteran-, Federal Acquisition Service and women-owned businesses. OSBU engages in activities that make it possible The Federal Acquisition Service (FAS) for the small business community to provides acquisition and procurement meet key contracting experts and be support services for Federal agencies counseled on the procurement process. to increase overall Government OSBU monitors and implements small efficiency. FAS programs include tools business policies and manages a range of and resources that aid in the acquisition programs mandated by law. of products, services, and full-service General Services Administration 389 programs in information technology, Federal tenants, which is deposited into telecommunications, professional the Federal Buildings Fund, the principal services, supplies, motor vehicles, funding mechanism for PBS. travel and transportation, charge cards, For further information, contact the Office of the and personal property utilization and Commissioner, Public Buildings Service. Phone, disposal. For further information, contact 202–501–1100. Internet, http://www.gsa.gov/ the Office of the Commissioner, Federal portal/content/104444?utm_source=PBS&utm_ medium=print-radio&utm_term=pbs&utm_ Acquisition Service. Phone, 703–605– campaign=shortcuts. 5400. FAS offers customers a variety of ways Regional Offices to acquire the products, services, and solutions they seek. Key acquisition GSA operates 11 regional offices. A programs include multiple awards complete list of these offices is available schedules and Governmentwide online. acquisition contracts that provide Internet, http://www.gsa.gov/regions. customers easy access to information technology, telecommunications, and Sources of Information professional products and services. Contracts Individuals seeking to do These products, services, and tools are business with the General Services accessible on GSA’s Web site: GSA Administration may access information Advantage!; eBuy and eOffer/eMod; online. Internet, http://www.gsa. Schedule Sales Query; GSA eLibrary; gov/portal/content/105344?utm_ GSA Xcess, Transportation Management source=FAS&utm_medium=print- Services Solutions, and other electronic radio&utm_term=howtosell&utm_ tools. campaign=shortcuts. For further information, contact the Office of the Electronic Access Information on the Commissioner, Federal Acquisition Service. Phone, Civilian Board of Contract Appeals is 703–605–5400. Internet, http://www.gsa.gov/ portal/content/105080?utm_source=FAS&utm_ available on its Web page. Internet, http:// medium=print-radio&utm_term=fas&utm_ www.cbca.gsa.gov/. campaign=shortcuts. Information on the GSA Inspector General is available on its Web page. Public Buildings Service Internet, http://www.gsaig.gov/. The Public Buildings Service (PBS) is Employment Federal employment the landlord for the civilian Federal opportunities, including openings at Government, providing workspace GSA, are posted online at https://www. solutions to more than one million usajobs.gov/. For more information on Federal employees in 2,100 communities careers at the Agency, use the link below. across the Nation, stimulating local Internet, http://www.gsa.gov/portal/ economies by designing, building, content/105311?utm_source=CPO&utm_ managing, and maintaining public medium=print-radio&utm_term=HDR_0_ buildings, as well as leasing from careers&utm_campaign=shortcuts. the private sector. PBS is a leader in Fraud and Waste Use the Inspector sustainable design, energy conservation, General’s FraudNet hotline to report and green building technologies. Its fraud or waste. Phone, 202–501–1780, or portfolio consists of 378 million square 1–800–424–5210. Email, fraudnet@gsa. feet in over 9,000 assets across all 50 gov. Internet, http://www.gsa.gov/portal/ States, 6 U.S. Territories, and the District content/101741. of Columbia. The Service preserves and Freedom of Information Act Requests ​ maintains 471 historic properties and Freedom of Information Act requests commissions the country’s most talented should be addressed to the GSA FOIA artists to produce works of art for Federal Office, General Services Administration, buildings, as well as preserves artwork 1800 F Street NW., Room 7308, commissioned under the Works Progress Washington, DC 20405. Phone, 1–855– Administration. PBS collects rent from 675–3642. Fax, 202–501–2727. Email, [email protected]. Internet, http://www. 390 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL gsa.gov/portal/content/105305?utm_ Information Center, Department TTY, source=OAS&utm_medium=print- Pueblo, CO 81009. Phone, 888–878– radio&utm_term=foia&utm_ 3256. The directory is also available campaign=shortcuts. online. Internet, http://www.federalrelay. Privacy Act Requests Privacy Act us/tty. requests should be addressed to the GSA For a free copy of the quarterly Privacy Act Officer, Office of the Chief “Consumer Information Catalog,” Information Security Officer, Policy and which contains information on food, Compliance Division, (ISP), General nutrition, employment, Federal benefits, Services Administration, 1800 F Street, the environment, fraud, privacy and NW., Washington, DC 20405. Phone, Internet issues, investing and credit, 202–208–1317. Email, GSA.privacyact@ and education, write to the Federal gsa.gov. Internet, http://www.gsa.gov/ Citizen Information Center, Pueblo, CO portal/content/105034. 81009. Phone, 888–878–3256. Internet, Property Disposal Inquiries about the http://publications.usa.gov/USAPubs. redistribution or competitive sale of php?NavCode=K. surplus real property should be directed For information on Federal programs to the Office of Real Property Disposal, and services, call the Federal Citizen Public Buildings Service, 1800 F Street Information Center’s National Contact NW., Washington, DC 20405. Phone, Center at 800–333–4636, weekdays, 8 202–501–0084. Internet, http://www.gsa. a.m. to 8 p.m. eastern standard time. For gov/portal/content/105035. a free copy of the Federal Relay Service Public and News Media Inquiries ​ Brochure, call 877–387–2001. TTY, Inquiries from both the general public 1–877–387–8339. Internet, http://www. and news media should be directed gsa.gov/portal/category/101011?utm_ to the Office of Communications source=OCSIT&utm_medium=print- and Marketing, General Services radio&utm_term=FCIC&utm_ Administration, 1800 F Street NW., campaign=shortcuts. Washington, DC 20405. Phone, 202– For a free copy of the Federal Relay 501–1231. Internet, http://www.gsa.gov/ Service Brochure, call 877–387–2001. portal/category/25728. TTY, 1–877–387–8339. Publications GSA publications are Small Business Activities Questions available online from the Government concerning programs to assist small Printing Office bookstore at http:// businesses should be directed to the bookstore.gpo.gov. Orders and questions Office of Small Business Utilization. about publications and paid subscriptions Phone, 1–855–672–8472. For business should be directed to the Superintendent tools and resources and information of Documents, Government Printing on business opportunities and small Office, Washington, DC 20401. Some business training, use the link below. subscriptions may be obtained free of Internet, http://www.gsa.gov/portal/ charge or at cost from a Small Business content/105221. Center or GSA’s Centralized Mailing List Speakers Requests for speakers should Service (phone, 1–817–334–5215). If a be directed to the nearest regional publication is not available from these office or the Office of Communications sources, contact a specific GSA staff and Marketing, General Services office, regional office, or service. The Administration, 1800 F Street NW., relevant addresses and phone numbers Washington, DC 20405. Phone, 202– are available on GSA’s Web site. For a 501–1231. Internet, http://www.gsa.gov/ free copy of the Federal Government TTY portal/category/25728. Directory, contact the Federal Citizen For further information concerning the General Services Administration, contact the Office of Communications and Marketing, General Services Administration, Washington, DC 20417. Phone, 202–501– 1231. Internet, http://www.gsa.gov/portal/category/25728. Inter-American Foundation 391 INTER-AMERICAN FOUNDATION 1331 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW., Suite 1200 North, Washington, DC 20004 Phone, 202–360–4530. Internet, http://www.iaf.gov.

Chair Eduardo Arriola Vice Chair Thomas J. Dodd Directors John P. Salazar, Jack C. Vaughn, Jr., Roger W. Wallace, J. Kelly Ryan, (2 vacancies) President Robert N. Kaplan General Counsel Paul Zimmerman Vice President for Programs Stephen Cox Chief Operating Officer Lesley Duncan Director for External and Government Affairs Manuel Nuñez Director of Evaluations Emilia Rodriguez-Stein

The Inter-American Foundation supports social and economic development in Latin America and the Caribbean.

The Inter-American Foundation (IAF) The IAF works in Latin America and was created in 1969 (22 U.S.C. 290f) as the Caribbean to promote equitable, an experimental U.S. foreign assistance participatory, and sustainable self-help program. The IAF is governed by a nine- development by awarding grants directly person Board of Directors appointed by to local organizations throughout the the President with the advice and consent region. It also partners with the public of the Senate. Six members are drawn and private sectors to build support from the private sector and three from and to mobilize local, national, and the Federal Government. The Board of international resources for grassroots Directors appoints the President of the development. Foundation. For further information, contact the Office of the President, Inter-American Foundation, 1331 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW., Suite 1200 North, Washington, DC 20004. Phone, 202–360–4530. Internet, http://www.iaf. gov.

MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD 1615 M Street NW., Fifth Floor, Washington, DC 20419 Phone, 202–653–7200; 800–209–8960. Fax, 202–653–7130. Internet, http://www.mspb.gov.

Chairman Susan Tsui Grundmann Vice Chairman Anne Wagner Member Mark A. Robbins Executive Director James M. Eisenmann Clerk of the Board William D. Spencer Director, Financial and Administrative Kevin Nash Management Director, Information Resources Management Tommy Hwang Director, Office of Appeals Counsel Susan M. Swafford Director, Office of Equal Employment Jerry Beat Opportunity Director, Office of Policy and Evaluation James M. Read Director, Office of Regional Operations Deborah Miron 392 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

General Counsel Bryan G. Polisuk Legislative Counsel Rosalyn L. Coates [For the Merit Systems Protection Board statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 5, Part 1200]

The Merit Systems Protection Board protects the integrity of the Federal personnel merit systems and the rights of Federal employees.

The Merit Systems Protection Board is disciplinary actions. An employee or a successor agency to the United States applicant for employment involved in Civil Service Commission, established an appealable action that also involves by act of January 16, 1883 (22 Stat. an allegation of discrimination may ask 403). Reorganization Plan No. 2 of the Equal Employment Opportunity 1978 (5 U.S.C. app.) redesignated part Commission to review a Board decision. of the Commission as the Merit Systems Final decisions and orders of the Board Protection Board. The Board is comprised can be appealed to the U.S. Court of of three members appointed by the Appeals for the Federal Circuit. President with the advice and consent of The Board reviews regulations issued the Senate. by the Office of Personnel Management and has the authority to require agencies Activities to cease compliance with any regulation The Board has responsibility for hearing that could constitute a prohibited and adjudicating appeals by Federal personnel practice. It also conducts employees of adverse personnel special studies of the civil service and actions, such as removals, suspensions, other executive branch merit systems and and demotions. It also resolves cases reports to the President and the Congress involving reemployment rights, denial on whether the Federal workforce is of periodic step increases in pay, actions being adequately protected against against administrative law judges, and political abuses and prohibited personnel charges of prohibited personnel practices, practices. including charges in connection with For a complete list of Merit Systems whistleblowing. Protection Board offices, use the Quick The Board has the authority to enforce Link below. its decisions and to order corrective and Internet, http://www.mspb.gov/contact/contact. htm. For further information, contact the Merit Systems Protection Board, 1615 M Street NW., Washington, DC 20419. Phone, 202–653–7200 or 800–209–8960. TDD, 800–877–8339. Fax, 202–653–7130. Email, mspb@ mspb.gov. Internet, http://www.mspb.gov.

NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION 300 E Street SW., Washington, DC 20546 Phone, 202–358–0000. Internet, http://www.nasa.gov.

Administrator Charles F. Bolden, Jr. Deputy Administrator (vacancy) Associate Administrator Robert M. Lightfoot Associate Deputy Administrator Richard Keegan Associate Deputy Administrator for Strategy and Rebecca Spyke Keiser Policy Chief of Staff David P. Radzanowski National Aeronautics and Space Administration 393 DC A ON, OFFICES YORK TIONS OFFICES TLANT FRANCISCO DALLAS DENVER A CHICAGO NEW REGIONAL ASHINGT PHILADELPHIA FIELD OPERA SAN W REGIONAL AND TION CHAIRMAN ALUA POLICY EV VICE BOARD TION GENERAL COUNSEL RESOURCES OR INFORMA MANAGEMENT DIRECT PROTECTION CHAIRMAN EXECUTIVE THE TIVE AND OF BOARD SYSTEMS TUNITY CLERK MANAGEMENT FINANCIAL EMPLOYMENT ADMINISTRA OPPOR MERIT EQUAL COUNSEL APPEALS MEMBER TIVE JUDGE W LA ADMINISTRA 394 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Director, Office of Evaluation Helen Grant, Acting Director, Council Staff (vacancy) Deputy Chief of Staff Mike French White House Liaison Jonathan A. Herczeg Assistant Associate Administrator Arthur Maples, Acting Chief Financial Officer David Radzanowski Chief Information Officer Larry N. Sweet Chief Scientist Ellen R. Stofan Chief Technologist David Miller Inspector General Paul K. Martin Chief Engineer Ralph R. Roe Chief Health and Medical Officer Richard S. Williams Chief Safety and Mission Assurance Officer Terrence W. Wilcutt Associate Administrator, Diversity and Equal Brenda R. Manuel Opportunity Associate Administrator, Education Roosevelt Y. Johnson Associate Administrator, International and Michael F. O’Brien Interagency Relations General Counsel Michael C. Wholley Associate Administrator, Legislative and L. Seth Statler Intergovernmental Affairs Associate Administrator, Communications David S. Weaver Associate Administrator, Small Business Glenn A. Delgado Programs Associate Administrator, Aeronautics Research Jaiwon Shin Mission Directorate Associate Administrator, Human Exploration William H. Gerstenmaier and Operations Mission Directorate Associate Administrator, Science Mission John M. Grunsfeld Directorate Associate Administrator for Space Technology Michael Gazarik Mission Directorate Associate Administrator, Mission Support Richard J. Keegan Directorate Assistant Administrator, Human Capital Jeri L. Buchholz Management Assistant Administrator, Strategic Infrastructure Calvin Williams Executive Director, Headquarters Operations Jay M. Henn Executive Director, NASA Shared Services Mark V. Glorioso Center Director, Internal Controls and Management Nancy A. Baugher Systems Assistant Administrator, Procurement Bill McNally Assistant Administrator, Protective Services Joseph S. Mahaley Director, NASA Management Office Richard J. Keegan, Acting Director, Ames Research Center S. Pete Worden Director, Dryden Flight Research Center David D. McBride Director, Glenn Research Center James M. Free, Acting Director, Goddard Space Flight Center Christopher J. Scolese Director, Johnson Space Center Ellen Ochoa Director, Kennedy Space Center Robert D. Cabana Director, Langley Research Center Stephen G. Jurczyk Director, Marshall Space Flight Center Patrick E. Scheuermann Director, Stennis Space Center Richard J. Gilbrech Director, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Charles Elachi National Aeronautics and Space Administration 395

[For the National Aeronautics and Space Administration statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 14, Part 1201]

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration reaches for the future in space exploration, scientific discovery, and aeronautics research to benefit all humankind.

The National Aeronautics and Space and astrophysics. By sponsoring research Administration (NASA) was established and exploiting robotic observatory and by the National Aeronautics and Space explorer spacecraft, the directorate Act of 1958, as amended (42 U.S.C. 2451 provides virtual human access to the et seq.). most distant reaches of space and time, as well as more practical information Activities relevant to changes on Earth. Aeronautics Research Mission For further information, call 202–358–3889. Directorate The Aeronautics Research Internet, http://science.nasa.gov/about-us/ organization-and-leadership/division-bios/. Mission Directorate (ARMD) conducts high-quality, cutting-edge research that Space Technology Mission Directorate ​ generates innovative concepts, tools, The Space Technology Mission and technologies to enable revolutionary Directorate develops, demonstrates, advances in our Nation’s future aircraft and infuses revolutionary, high-payoff as well as in the airspace in which they technologies by pushing the boundaries will fly. ARMD programs will facilitate a of aerospace science. It employs a safer, more environmentally friendly, and portfolio approach spanning a range of more efficient national air transportation disciplines and technology readiness system. In addition, NASA’s aeronautics levels to advance technologies for the research will continue to play a vital role benefit of NASA, the aerospace industry, in supporting NASA’s human and robotic and other Government agencies and space exploration activities. to address national needs. Research For further information, call 202–358–2047. and technology development takes place in NASA Centers, academia, and Human Exploration and Operations industry, and it benefits from leveraged Mission Directorate The Human partnerships with other Government Exploration and Operations Mission agencies and international partners. The Directorate is responsible for NASA space directorate invests in technologies that operations in and beyond low Earth have high potential for offsetting mission orbit, developing new exploration and risk, reducing cost, and advancing transportation systems, and performing existing capabilities, thereby enabling scientific research to enable sustained the Nation to pursue more challenging and affordable human exploration. missions. It manages launch services, space For further information, call 202–358–0454. communications and navigation, and works with the Mission Support Mission Support Directorate The Directorate to ensure the availability Mission Support Directorate provides of appropriate rocket propulsion test effective and efficient institutional capabilities that support human and support to enable the Agency to robotic exploration requirements. accomplish its missions successfully. It For further information, call 202–358–1562. focuses on reducing institutional risk to NASA’s current and future missions Science Mission Directorate The by improving processes, stimulating Science Mission Directorate carries out efficiency, and providing consistency and the scientific exploration of Earth and uniformity across institutional capabilities space to expand the frontiers of Earth and services. science, heliophysics, planetary science, For further information, call 202–358–2789. 396 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL CENTER CENTER CENTER CENTER STENNIS SPACE FLIGHT CENTER KENNEDY SPACE JOHNSON SPACE MARSHALL SPACE LANGLEY RESEARCH CHIEF, SAFETY AND MISSION ASSURANCE MEDICAL OFFICER CHIEF HEALTH AND CENTER CENTER LABORATORY FLIGHT CENTER RESEARCH CENTER AMES RESEARCH JET PROPULSION GODDARD SPACE GLENN RESEARCH ARMSTRONG FLIGHT CHIEF ENGINEER CHIEF SCIENTIST CHIEF TECHNOLOGIST AND OPERATIONS SPACE TECHNOLOGY HUMAN EXPLORATION MISSION DIRECTORATE MISSION DIRECTORATE CHIEF OF STAFF ADMINISTRATOR DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR ASSOCIATE ADMINISTRATOR ASSOCIATE DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR ASSISTANT ASSOCIATE ADMINISTRATOR ASSOCIATE DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR FOR STRATEGY AND POLICY DIRECTORATE DIRECTORATE AERONAUTICS SCIENCE MISSION RESEARCH MISSION NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION AFFAIRS PROGRAMS LEGISLATIVE AND SMALL BUSINESS COMMUNICATIONS INTERGOVERNMENTAL CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PROCUREMENT CHIEF INFORMATION OFFICER MANAGEMENT OFFICE PROTECTIVE SERVICES MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS INTERNAL CONTROLS AND SHARED SERVICES CENTER HEADQUARTERS OPERATIONS STRATEGIC INFRASTRUCTURE HUMAN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT DIRECTORATE MISSION SUPPORT EDUCATION OPPORTUNITY GENERAL COUNSEL INTERNATIONAL AND DIVERSITY AND EQUAL ADVISORY GROUPS INTERAGENCY RELATIONS INSPECTOR GENERAL National Aeronautics and Space Administration 397 NASA Centers For further information, use the link below. Internet, http://www.nasa.gov/centers/glenn/home/index. Ames Research Center Located in html#.U7R0kpRdUwA. California’s Silicon Valley, the Center Goddard Space Flight Center Located enables exploration through selected in Greenbelt, MD, the Center expands developments, innovative technologies, our knowledge of Earth and its and interdisciplinary scientific discovery. environment, the solar system, and the It provides leadership in Astrobiology; universe by observing them from space. small satellites; technologies for CEV, It also conducts scientific investigations, CLV, and HLV; the search for habitable develops and operates space systems, planets; supercomputing; intelligent- and advances essential technologies. adaptive systems; advanced thermal protection; and airborne astronomy. The For further information, use the link below. Internet, http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/home/index. Center also develops tools for a safer, html#.U7R3kpRdUwA. more efficient national airspace, and it cultivates partnerships that benefit Johnson Space Center Located in NASA’s mission. Houston, TX, the Center specializes in human space flight. It hosts and staffs For further information, use the link below. Internet, http://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/home/index. program and project offices; selects and html#.U7RoFZRdUwA. trains astronauts; manages and conducts projects that build, test, and integrate Armstrong Flight Research Center ​ human-rated systems for transportation, Located at Edwards Air Force Base, habitation, and working in space; California, the Center carries out flight and plans and operates human space research and technology integration; flight missions. This work requires a validates space exploration concepts; comprehensive understanding of space conducts airborne remote sensing and and planetary environments, as well science missions; enables airborne as research into the effects of those astrophysics observation missions to environments on human physiology. discover the origin, structure, evolution, It also requires development of and destiny of the universe; and supports technology to sustain and preserve life; space shuttle and International Space maintenance of a supply chain to design, Station operations. It also supports manufacture, and test flight products; activities in all four of NASA’s Mission selection, training, and provision of Directorates. medical care to those who fly space For further information, use the link below. Internet, missions; and ongoing administrative http://www.nasa.gov/centers/armstrong/home/ mission support services. The Center is index.html#.U7Rsn5RdUwB. currently hosting the International Space Glenn Research Center Located Station Program, the Multi-Purpose at Lewis Field, next to Cleveland Crew Vehicle Program, and the Human Hopkins International Airport, the Research Program. It plays a lead role in Center develops critical space flight developing, operating, and integrating systems and technologies to advance human exploration missions that include the exploration of our solar system commercial, academic, international, and and beyond. In partnership with U.S. U.S. Government partners. companies, universities, and other For further information, use the link below. Internet, Government institutions, the Center’s http://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/home/index. research and development efforts html#.U7R6vJRdUwA. focus on advancements in propulsion, Kennedy Space Center Located power, communications, nuclear, and on Florida’s east coast, the Center is human-related aerospace systems. Its responsible for NASA’s space launch scientists and engineers also develop operations and spaceport and range new technologies for making airplanes technologies. Home to NASA’s Launch quieter, safer, and less harmful to the Services Program, it manages the environment. processing and launching of astronaut 398 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL crews and associated payloads. Its and Safety Center personnel have management activities include the improved mission safety. International Space Station segments, For further information, use the link below. Internet, research experiments and supplies, http://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/home/index. and NASA’s scientific and research html#.U7SEs5RdUwA. spacecraft. These scientific and research Marshall Space Flight Center Located spacecraft range from robotic landers to in Huntsville, AL, the Center provides Earth observation satellites and space- unique expertise in development and based telescopes on a variety of launch integration of space transportation and vehicles. propulsion systems; space systems and Innovative technology experts at the technologies; and scientific research, Center support NASA’s current programs instruments, and experiments required and future exploration missions by for space exploration and space developing new products and processes operations. It manages the following that benefit the Agency and consumers. programs and projects: the space launch The Center remains a leader in cutting- system, International Space Station edge research and development in the (ISS) environmental control and life areas of physics, chemistry, technology, support systems, ISS payload operations, prototype designing, engineering, numerous ISS facilities and experiments, environmental conservation, and the Chandra X-ray Observatory, the renewable energy. Discovery and New Frontiers Programs, For further information, use the link below. Internet, space technology demonstration http://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/home/index. missions, and the Michoud Assembly html#.U7SAWJRdUwA. Facility, a space vehicle manufacturing Langley Research Center Located in and assembly complex located in New Hampton, VA, the Center is renowned Orleans, LA. for its scientific and technological For further information, use the link below. Internet, expertise in aerospace research, systems http://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/home/index. integration, and atmospheric science. html#.U7SMnpRdUwA. Established in 1917 as an aeronautics Stennis Space Center Located near lab, it has a rich heritage in space and Bay St. Louis, MS, the Center serves as science technologies. Its engineers NASA’s rocket propulsion testing ground. conduct critical research in materials It provides test services not only for and structures; aerodynamics; and America’s space program, but also for hypersonic, supersonic, and subsonic the Department of Defense and private flight. Langley researchers and engineers sector. Its unique rocket propulsion test also have developed and validated capabilities will be used extensively in technologies to improve the effectiveness, developing NASA’s new space launch safety, environmental compatibility, system. The Applied Science and and efficiency of the Nation’s air Technology Project Office supports transportation system. The Center NASA’s science and technology goals supports the space exploration program through project management. The Office and space operations with systems also supports NASA’s Applied Sciences analysis and engineering, aerosciences, Program. materials and structures, and technology and systems development and testing. For further information, use the link below. Internet, http://www.nasa.gov/centers/stennis/home/index. It continues to play a principal role in html#.U7SRVZRdUwA. understanding and protecting our planet through atmospheric measurement, Jet Propulsion Laboratory The instruments, missions, and prediction Laboratory is a Federally Funded algorithms. By determining appropriate Research and Development Center preventative and corrective action for (FFRDC) managed under contract by problems, trends, or issues across NASA the California Institute of Technology programs and projects, its Engineering (Caltech) in Pasadena, CA. The FFRDC is a unique nongovernment entity National Aeronautics and Space Administration 399 sponsored and funded by NASA to meet Employment Direct questions to the specific long-term technical needs that NASA Shared Services Center, Stennis, cannot be met by other organizations MS 39529. Phone, 877–677–2123. within NASA. As part of this special Email, [email protected]. relationship, the Laboratory must operate Internet, http://nasajobs.nasa.gov/. in the public interest with objectivity Library NASA Headquarters Library, and independence, avoid organizational Room 1W55, 300 E Street SW., conflicts of interest, and fully disclose its Washington, DC 20546. Phone, 202– affairs to NASA. The Laboratory develops 358–0168. Email, [email protected]. and maintains technical and managerial Internet, http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/ competencies to perform the following hqlibrary. missions in support of NASA’s strategic Office of Inspector General Hotline ​ goals: to explore our solar system to Report crimes, fraud, waste, and abuse understand its formation and evolution; in NASA programs and operations by to establish a continuous and permanent calling the OIG Hotline (800–424–9183); robotic presence on Mars to discover its by writing to the NASA Inspector General history and habitability; to make critical (P.O. Box 23089, L’Enfant Plaza Station, measurements and models to understand Washington, DC 20026); or by using the global and regional integrated Earth the link below and sending a message. system; to conduct observations to Internet, http://oig.nasa.gov/cyberhotline. search for neighboring solar systems html. and Earth-like planets and help Publications The NASA Scientific and understand formation, evolution, and Technical Information (STI) Program composition of the Universe; to conduct provides access to a wide variety of communications and navigation for research papers. For more information, deep space missions; to provide support, contact NASA STI by email (nasa-dl-sti- particularly in robotic infrastructures [email protected]), or visit the Web site and precursors, that enables human (http://www.sti.nasa.gov). exploration of the Moon, Mars, and The NASA History Program Office beyond; and, under Caltech’s initiative, to supports research in agency history and collaborate with other Federal and State on the history of aeronautics and space government agencies and commercial research. Books, monographs, and endeavors in areas synergistic with the exhibits funded by the History Office Laboratory’s work performed for NASA. may be accessed for free online (http:// For further information, use the link below. Internet, www.history.nasa.gov). Print copies may http://www.nasa.gov/centers/jpl/about/index.html#. be purchased from the Headquarters U7VzS5RdUwA. Information Center or the Government Printing Office. For further information, Sources of Information contact the History Office online Contracts and Small Business ([email protected]) or by phone (202– Activities Direct inquiries regarding 358–0384). contracting for small businesses to Additional publications are available the Associate Administrator for Small onsite at the NASA Headquarters Library Business Programs, Room 2K39, in Washington, DC, and online. Use NASA Headquarters, 300 E Street SW., the link below to access the “Find Washington, DC 20546. Phone, 202– Publications” menu on the NASA HQ 358–2088. Internet, http://www.osbp. Library Web page. Internet, http://www. nasa.gov/. hq.nasa.gov/office/hqlibrary/. For further information, contact the Headquarters Information Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC 20546. Phone, 202–358–0000. Internet, http://www.nasa.gov. 400 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION 700 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC, 20408–0001 Phone, 866–272–6272. Internet, http://www.archives.gov.

Archivist of the United States David S. Ferriero Deputy Archivist of the United States Debra Steidel Wall Director, Congressional Affairs John Hamilton Director, Equal Employment Opportunity Office Ismael Martinez General Counsel Gary M. Stern Executive Director, National Historical Kathleen M. Williams Publications and Records Commission Inspector General James E. Springs, Acting Chief Strategy and Communications Officer Donna M. Garland Chief Operating Officer William J. Bosanko Chief Human Capital Officer Sean M. Clayton Director, Office of the Federal Register Charles A. Barth Executive for Agency Services Jay A. Trainer Chief Records Officer for the U.S. Government Paul M. Wester, Jr. Director, Federal Records Centers Program David M. Weinberg Director, Information Security Oversight Office John P. Fitzpatrick Director, National Declassification Center Sheryl Shenberger Director, Office of Government Information Miriam Nisbet Services Executive for Research Services William A. Mayer Executive for Legislative Archives, Presidential James B. Gardner Libraries, and Museum Services Executive for Information Services Swamali Haldar, Acting Executive for Business Support Services Charles K. Piercy Public Affairs Officer Chris Isleib [For the National Archives and Records Administration statement of organization, see the Federal Register of June 25, 1985, 50 FR 26278]

The National Archives and Records Administration safeguards and preserves the records of the U.S. Government, ensuring that the American people can discover, use, and learn from their documentary heritage. It establishes policies and procedures for managing Federal records; oversees the Presidential Libraries system; promotes civic education; and publishes the laws, regulations, Presidential papers, and other public documents.

The National Archives and Records valuable records, ranging from the Administration (NARA) is the successor Revolutionary War era to the recent agency to the National Archives past; arranges and preserves records and Establishment, which was created in prepares finding aids to facilitate their 1934 and later, in 1949, incorporated use; makes records publicly accessible into the General Services Administration online and in its research rooms; answers as the National Archives and Records requests for information contained in Service. NARA was established as an its holdings; and provides, for a fee, independent agency in the Federal copies of records. NARA holdings Government’s executive branch by act include the records of the U.S. House of of October 19, 1984 (44 U.S.C. 2101 et Representatives and Senate, which are seq.), effective April 1, 1985. preserved and administered by the Center Archival Program NARA maintains for Legislative Archives. Many important the U.S. Government’s most historically records are available in microfilm and National Archives and Records Administration 401 OF TION A V VICES OFFICE BUSINESS SER INNO T OF SUPPOR OFFICE AL AIRS RECORDS VICES AFF ORIC T Y OF SER AND AL AND COUNSEL HIS OF AL APIT ABILIT TION TION C TIONS OFFICE COMMISSION A A TIONAL GENER OFFICE NA TR CCOUNT HUMAN CONGRESSIONAL INFORMA A PUBLIC PERFORMANCE TIVE A MUSEUM ADMINIS LEGISL VICES AND PRESIDENTIAL OF SER T ARIES T OFFICE CHIEF LIBR ARCHIVES, OFFICER OF ARCHIVIS RECORDS Y TING T A ARCHIVIS OFFICE VICES OPER DEPU AND OF SER OFFICE RESEARCH ARCHIVES AND AL TIONS TEGY A A RECORDS Y VICES TR OF GEMENT YMENT TE S OF A GENER SER TIONAL TUNIT OF OR MANA EMPLO OFFICE NA COMMUNIC OFFICE AL CORPOR GENCY OPPOR A OFFICE EQU INSPECT TER THE OF REGIS AL OFFICE FEDER 402 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL accessible online. Archival records management of Federal records. The are maintained in NARA facilities in Office formulates recommendations for the Washington, DC, area. Records of Governmentwide policies, procedures, exceptional local or regional interest are regulations, and guidance on the maintained in NARA archives located in creation, management, and disposition other parts of the country. There are also of records in various media. It conducts nine NARA-affiliated archives holding inspections, evaluations, and surveys NARA-owned records and making them of records and records management available to the public. programs in agencies; reports its findings; Records Management To ensure and recommends improvements or proper documentation of the necessary corrective actions. The Office organization, policies, and activities also provides records management of the Government, NARA develops services. These services include appraisal standards and guidelines for nationwide and scheduling, technical assistance, management and disposition of recorded training, consultation, and analysis information. It appraises Federal records regarding policy matters, as well as and approves disposition schedules. identifying permanent records eligible for NARA also inspects agency records and transfer to the National Archives. management practices, develops records For further information on the duties and programs management training programs, provides of the Office of the Chief Records Officer, send guidance and assistance on records a request to the email address above. Email, management, and stores inactive records. [email protected]. Agency Services Agency Services leads Federal Records Centers Program ​ NARA’s efforts to meet the ongoing NARA’s Federal Records Centers Program records management needs of the (FRCP) stores and services active and Federal Government and to represent inactive records for Federal agencies. the public interest in the accountability A national network of 17 facilities, the and transparency of this management. FRCP system currently stores more than Its components include the Office of 27 million cubic feet of records. Since the Chief Records Officer; the Federal 1999, the FRCP system has operated as Records Centers Program, including the a reimbursable program that provides National Personnel Records Center; the the Federal community with services on Information Security Oversight Office; a fee-for-service basis. These services the National Declassification Center; and include storage of textual and special the Office of Government Information media records; management of classified Services. and nonclassified records; retrieval Office of Innovation The Office of of records needed by customers to Innovation creates innovative ways conduct daily business or fulfill statutory to serve its customers and to increase requirements; expedited responses access to and delivery of records through to congressional inquiries, litigation, all forms of media. Its mission includes and urgent business needs; disposition demonstrating leadership in the archival services, including the disposal of and information access field. The Office temporary records that have reached the coordinates NARA’s efforts for Open end of their required retention period and Government and the National Digital the transfer of permanent records to the Strategy. It comprises several divisions: legal custody of the National Archives; digitization; digital engagement, and a variety of special projects based on including Internet, social media, customer needs. and NARA’s online catalog; business The National Personnel Records architecture, standards and authorities; Center (NPRC) in St. Louis, MO, is the and the Innovation Hub. largest facility in the FRCP system. This Office of the Chief Records Officer The facility stores and services the civilian Office of the Chief Records Officer assists personnel, medical, and pay records Government agencies with their records of former U.S. Civil Service employees management programs and the lifecycle and the personnel, medical, and related National Archives and Records Administration 403 records of discharged military personnel. the Chair of the State, Local, Tribal, and The NPRC maintains research rooms in Private Sector Entities Policy Advisory which Federal agency personnel and Committee to discuss program-related the public can review official military policy issues, facilitate the resolution and civilian personnel folders and other of disputes, and recommend policy related records. It also provides services and procedural changes to remove and technical advice relating to records undue impediments to the sharing of disposition, filing and classification information under the program. As schemes, document conversion, and the a member of the Senior Information protection of vital civilian and military Sharing and Safeguarding Steering records to Federal agencies. Committee and the Insider Threat Task To request military records, visit www.archives. Force, ISOO plays a leading role in the gov/veterans/. For further information on the development, coordination, oversight, Federal Records Centers, visit www.archives.gov/ and promulgation of policies, objectives, frc/ or contact the FRCP. Phone, 314–801–9300. and priorities for establishing and Email, [email protected]. For further information on the National Personnel Records Center, visit www. integrating security, counterintelligence, archives.gov/st-louis or contact the NPRC. Phone, user audits and monitoring, and other 314–801–0800. Fax, 301–801–9195. safeguarding capabilities and practices Information Security Oversight Office ​ within agencies. The Information Security Oversight The Office was also named the Office (ISOO) oversees programs for Executive Agent for administering Classified National Security Information Executive Order 13556, “Controlled and Controlled Unclassified Information Unclassified Information” (CUI). CUI in both Government and industry and establishes consistent information sharing reports to the President annually on and protection practices by replacing their status. ISOO receives policy and the ad hoc, agency-specific policies program guidance from the National and procedures with an executive Security Council and operates under the branchwide program to manage all authority of Executive Orders 12829, unclassified information that requires 13549, 13587, 13526, and 13556. safeguarding and/or dissemination As an organizational component of controls pursuant to and consistent the National Archives and Records with applicable law, regulations, and Administration, ISOO’s goals are to hold Governmentwide policies. classification activities to the minimum For further information, contact the Information necessary standard in order to protect Security Oversight Office. Phone, 202–357–5250. Email, [email protected]. Internet, http://www.archives. national security, promote consistency gov/isoo. and transparency in the handling of Controlled Unclassified Information, National Declassification Center The safeguard Classified National Security National Declassification Center Information in both Government and (NDC) was established by Executive industry efficiently and cost-effectively, Order 13526 and began operations and promote declassification and public in early January 2010. The Center is access to information as soon as security responsible for the timely and appropriate considerations permit. processing of referrals between agencies ISOO is responsible for implementing for accessioned Federal records and and monitoring the National Industrial transferred Presidential records; general Security Program (NISP). The Director interagency declassification activities of ISOO also serves as the Chair of the necessary to fulfill the requirements of NISP Policy Advisory Committee, a forum sections 3.3 and 3.4 of the Order; the used to discuss policy issues in dispute exchange among agencies of detailed and to recommend changes to those declassification guidance to support policies. ISOO acts as a consultant for equity recognition; the development policy guidance to the Executive Agent of effective, transparent, and standard for Safeguarding Classified Information declassification work processes, training, on Computer Networks. It also serves as and quality assurance measures; 404 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL the development of solutions to services for Presidential papers and declassification challenges posed by other historical materials. The Libraries electronic records, special media, and display artifacts and other holdings in emerging technologies; and the linkage museum exhibits illustrating the life and and effective utilization of existing times of a President. The Presidential agency databases and the use of new Libraries also provide programming for technologies to support declassification students of all ages promoting citizen activities under the purview of the Center. engagement. NARA operates the Libraries For further information, contact the National of Presidents Herbert Hoover through Declassification Center. Phone, 301–837–1719. George W. Bush. While such records Email, [email protected]. Internet, http://www.archives. were once considered personal papers, gov/declassification. all Presidential records created on or after Office of Government Information January 20, 1981, are declared by law to Services Established under the OPEN be owned and controlled by the United Government Act of 2007 (5 U.S.C. States and are required to be transferred 101 note), the Office of Government to NARA at the end of the administration, Information Services (OGIS) reviews pursuant to the Presidential Records Act Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) of 1978 (44 U.S.C. 2201 et seq.). The activities throughout the Government. Office of Presidential Libraries within the OGIS serves as liaison between National Archives oversees the archival, individuals making FOIA requests and museum, and education programs of the administrative agencies, providing 13 Presidential Libraries. mediation services and resolving disputes For further information, contact the Office of as necessary. OGIS reviews policies and Presidential Libraries. Phone, 301–837–3250. Fax, procedures of administrative agencies 301–837–3199. Internet, http://www.archives.gov/ presidential-libraries. under FOIA. OGIS also reviews agency compliance with FOIA and recommends Office of the Federal Register The policy changes to Congress and the Office of the Federal Register (OFR) President. prepares and publishes a variety of public For further information, contact the Office of documents. Government Information Services. Phone, 202–741– Upon passage by Congress and 5770. Email, [email protected]. Internet, http://ogis. approval by the President, the OFR archives.gov/. assigns each new act of Congress a Research Services Research Services public or private law number and provides world-class services to publishes the text of the new law in slip customers who wish to access NARA’s law (pamphlet) form. This slip law serves accessioned Federal records. Records are as the official publication of the law and available for research purposes in reading is admissible as legal evidence of the rooms at the National Archives Building law’s provisions. The OFR also publishes (Archives I) in Washington, DC; the the “United States Statutes at Large,” an National Archives (Archives II) in College annual compilation of all the laws passed Park, MD; and various regional facilities during a congressional session. throughout the Nation. Each Federal workday, the OFR publishes the “Federal Register,” For a listing of Records Services facilities, visit the Locations Nationwide section on NARA’s Web site. which contains current Presidential Internet, http://www.archives.gov/locations/. proclamations and Executive orders, Federal agency regulations having Presidential Libraries Through the general applicability and legal effect, Presidential Libraries, which are located proposed agency rules, and documents at sites selected by the Presidents and required by statute to be published. built with private funds, NARA preserves All Federal regulations in force are and makes available the records, personal codified annually in the “Code of Federal papers, and artifacts of a President’s Regulations.” administration. Each Library operates a Presidential speeches, news research room and provides reference conferences, messages, and other National Archives and Records Administration 405 materials released by the White Phone, 202–357–5010. Email, [email protected]. House Office of the Press Secretary Internet, http://www.archives.gov/nhprc. are published online in the “Daily National Archives Trust Fund Board ​ Compilation of Presidential Documents” The National Archives Trust Fund and annually in the “Public Papers of Board receives funds from the sale of the Presidents.” The “Daily Compilation reproductions of historic documents and of Presidential Documents,” as well publications about the records, as well as electronic versions of the previous as from gifts and bequests. The Board “Weekly Compilation of Presidential invests these funds and uses income Documents,” from 1993 onward, can be to support archival functions such as accessed at www.presidentialdocuments. the preparation of publications that gov. make historic records information more “The United States Government widely available. Members of the Board Manual,” published annually, serves are the Archivist of the United States, as the official handbook of the Federal the Secretary of the Treasury, and the Government, providing extensive Chairman of the National Endowment for information on the legislative, judicial, the Humanities. and executive branches. The Manual For further information, contact the Secretary, can be accessed at http://www. National Archives Trust Fund Board. Phone, usgovernmentmanual.gov/. 301–837–3165. OFR publications are available online and in paper editions. Sources of Information For further information, contact Information Calendar of Events To be added Services and Technology, Office of the Federal to the mailing list for the monthly Register. Phone, 202–741–6000. TTY, 202–741– 6086. Fax, 202–741–6012. Email, fedreg.info@nara. National Archives Calendar of Events gov. Internet, http://www.ofr.gov. or for a recorded announcement of events at National Archives locations National Historical Publications and in Washington, DC, and College Park, Records Commission The National MD, call 202–357–5000. TDD, 301– Historical Publications and Records 837–0482. Or, using the link below, go Commission (NHPRC) is NARA’s grant- to Calendar of Events on NARA’s Web making affiliate. NHPRC promotes site. Internet, http://www.archives.gov/ the preservation and use of America’s calendar/. documentary heritage essential to Congressional Affairs The understanding our democracy, history, Congressional Affairs staff maintains and culture. NHPRC grants help contact with and responds to inquiries State and local archives, universities, from congressional offices. Phone, historical societies, and other nonprofit 202–357–5100. Fax, 202–357–5959. organizations preserve and manage Contracts Information on business electronic records, improve training opportunities with NARA is available and techniques, strengthen archival online. Internet, http://www.fbo.gov. programs, preserve and process records Communications The Communications collections, and provide access to them staff responds to inquiries from the through the publication of finding aids media and maintains contact with them; and documentary editions of the papers issues press releases and other material of the Founding Era and other themes online, in print, and through social and historical figures in American history. media; produces the agency’s magazine, NHPRC works in partnership with a “Prologue”; and serves as the liaison with national network of State historical organizations representing the archival records advisory boards. It also provides profession, scholarly organizations, and Federal leadership in public policy for the other groups served by NARA. Phone, preservation of, and access to, America’s 202–357–5300. documentary heritage. Modern Archives Institute For For further information, contact the National information, contact the Modern Archives Historical Publications and Records Commission. Institute, Room 307, National Archives 406 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Building, 700 Pennsylvania Avenue Officer, General Counsel Staff, National NW., Washington, DC 20408–0001. Archives and Records Administration, Phone, 202–357–5259. Internet, http:// 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD www.archives.gov/preservation/modern- 20740–6001. Phone, 301–837–3642. archives-institute/. Fax, 301–837–0293. For archival records Know Your Records Program For in the custody of Research Services in information, contact the Customer the Washington, DC, area, contact the Service Center, Room G–13, National Special Access/FOIA Staff, National Archives Building, 700 Pennsylvania Archives and Records Administration, Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD 20408–0001. Phone, 202–357–5260. 20740–6001. Phone, 301–837–3190. Email, [email protected]. Internet, http:// Fax, 301–837–1864. For archival www.archives.gov/dc-metro/know-your- records located at a NARA archives records. location outside the Washington, DC, Records Management Workshops For metropolitan area, contact the facility information on workshops, contact holding the records. To determine the the National Records Management location of records, search NARA’s online Training Program. Email, NARA. Archival Research Catalog at www. [email protected]. Internet, archives.gov/research/arc. For archival http://www.archives.gov/records-mgmt/ records in the custody of a Presidential training/index.html. Library, contact the Library that has Federal Register Workshop For custody of the records. For records in information on the monthly workshop, the physical custody of the Washington “The Federal Register: What It Is and National Records Center or the regional How To Use It,” call 202–741–6008. Records Centers, contact the Federal Institute for the Editing of Historical agency that transferred the records to the Documents/Archives Leadership facility. Records stored in the Records Institute For information on the Institute Centers remain in the legal custody of for the Editing of Historical Documents or the agency that created them. Visit our the Archives Leadership Institute, contact Web site for a listing of NARA archival NHPRC, National Archives and Records facilities. Internet, http://www.archives. Administration, 700 Pennsylvania Avenue gov/locations. NW., Washington, DC 20408–0001. Grants For NHPRC grants, contact Phone, 202–357–5010. Email, nhprc@ NHPRC, National Archives and Records archives.gov. Internet, http://www. Administration, 700 Pennsylvania Avenue archives.gov/nhprc. NW., Washington, DC 20408–0001. Electronic Access Information on Phone, 202–357–5010. Email, nhprc@ NARA, its holdings and publications, and archives.gov. Internet, http://www. links to its social media sites are available archives.gov/nhprc. online. Email, [email protected]. Internet, Museum Shops Publications, document http://www.archives.gov. facsimiles, and document-related Employment For job opportunities, souvenirs are available for sale at the contact the nearest NARA facility or National Archives in Washington, DC, the Office of Human Capital, Talent and at each Presidential Library. Phone, Management Division, Staffing and 202–357–5271. Internet, http://www. Recruitment Branch, Room 370, 1 myarchivesstore.org. Archives Drive, St. Louis, MO 63138. Exhibits There are permanent and Phone, 800–827–4898. TDD, 314–801– temporary exhibits at the National 0886. Internet, http://www.archives.gov/ Archives in Washington, DC (home careers/jobs. of the Declaration of Independence, Freedom of Information Act/Privacy Constitution, and Bill of Rights) and Act Requests For operational records as part of the museum facilities of the of the National Archives and Records Presidential Libraries. Several of NARA’s Administration, contact the NARA regional facilities regularly host exhibits, Freedom of Information Act/Privacy Act and the Agency has traveling exhibits National Archives and Records Administration 407 that bring National Archives records 3163. Internet, http://www.archives.gov/ to communities across the Nation. For publications. information on Presidential Library Records Management Publications ​ exhibits, please contact 301–837–3250; Most records management publications for information on programs and their are available on the NARA Web site. hours at the National Archives, please Limited quantities of some records call 202–357–5000; for information management publications and posters on traveling and regional exhibits are available in hardcopy from the and exhibit loans, please contact the National Records Management Training Exhibits Office at 202–357–5210. Email, Program, National Archives and Records National_Archives_Exhibits_Staff@nara. Administration, 8601 Adelphi Road, gov. Internet, http://www.archives.gov/ College Park, MD 20740–6001. Email, exhibits. NARA.RecordsMgtTraining@nara. Center for Legislative Archives The gov. Internet, http://www.archives.gov/ Center for Legislative Archives houses publications/records-mgmt.html. the official records of the U.S. House Laws, Regulations, and Presidential of Representatives and U.S. Senate Documents Information on laws, from 1789 to the present. House and regulations, and Presidential documents Senate records remain in the permanent is available from the Office of the Federal legal custody of the House and Senate Register, National Archives and Records and are governed by House and Administration, Washington, DC 20408. Senate rules, respectively. The Center Phone, 202–741–6000. Email, fedreg. responds to requests from congressional [email protected]. Internet, www.archives. committees for the timely delivery of gov/federal-register or www.ofr.gov. To records to support the current business subscribe to the “Federal Register” table needs of the Congress. The Center is a of contents electronic mailing list, go to full-service archive, providing records listserv.access.gpo.gov and select online management guidance to the House mailing list archives, FEDREGTOC–L. and Senate Archivists, processing and To receive email notification of new providing public access to congressional public laws, subscribe to PENS (Public and legislative branch records, and Laws Electronic Notification Service) at creating exhibits, public programs, and www.archives.gov/federal-register, “New educational materials and workshops on Public Laws.” the history of Congress and representative NHPRC Guidelines NHPRC guidelines government. The Center reports to the are available online and from the Advisory Committee on the Records NHPRC, National Archives and Records of Congress on its programs, activities, Administration, 700 Pennsylvania Avenue and resources. For further information, NW., Washington, DC 20408–0001. contact the Center for Legislative Phone, 202–357–5010. Email, nhprc@ Archives. Phone, 202–357–5350. Fax, archives.gov. Internet, http://www. 202–357–5911. Email, legislative. archives.gov/nhprc. [email protected]. Internet, http://www. Newsletter for Research at the National archives.gov/legislative. Archives “Researcher News” offers Agency Publications Free brochures, the most important and up-to-date pamphlets, and agency finding aids to information for conducting research at records are available from the Customer the National Archives. The newsletter is Service Center (RD–DC), Room accessible online. Join the “Researcher G–13, National Archives and Records News” mailing list by sending a request Administration, 700 Pennsylvania Avenue to the email address below. Email, kyr@ NW., Washington, DC 20408–0001. nara.gov. Internet, www.archives.gov/ Phone, 866–325–7208. Fax, 202– researcher/newsletter. 501–7170. To purchase other NARA Research Facilities Records are publications, go to http://estore.archives. available for research purposes in gov/ or phone, toll free, 1–800–234– reading rooms at the National Archives 8861, press 5, then press 4; or 301–837– Building, 700 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., 408 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Washington, DC (phone, 202–357– and for display in the classroom. For 5400); at the National Archives at College further information, contact the Education Park, 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, Team. Phone, 202–357–5235. Email, MD (phone, 866–272–6272); and at [email protected]. each Presidential Library, the National Reserved Visits and Tours Advance Personnel Records Center, and at NARA’s reservations for entry to the National 13 archives locations throughout the Archives Experience are available country. Written requests for information through our partners at www.recreation. may be sent to any of these units, or gov. The convenience fee for online they may be addressed to the Customer reservations is $1.50 per person, and Services Division, National Archives at admission to all of the National Archives College Park, Room 1000, 8601 Adelphi Experience exhibits is free. Individuals Road, College Park, MD 20740–6001. and groups may reserve up to 15 Phone, 866–272–6272. Email, inquire@ spaces for the guided tour conducted nara.gov. by a volunteer docent (available only at Federal Register Public Inspection 9:45 a.m., weekdays). Individuals may Desk The Public Inspection Desk of reserve up to 20 spaces and groups may the Office of the Federal Register is open reserve up to 100 spaces for a timed visit every Federal business day for public entry. Visitors with advance reservations inspection of documents scheduled for enter through the Special Events door publication in the next day’s “Federal at Constitution Avenue and 7th Street Register.” The Office is located at Suite and must be in line at the entrance at 700, 800 North Capitol Street NW., least 10 minutes prior to the start time Washington, DC. Phone, 202–741– of their visit. Security screening will be 6000. Documents currently on public conducted upon entry. There are no inspection also may be viewed online. refunds on any ticket orders. For more Internet, http://www.ofr.gov. details on tours, contact the Tour Office Public Programs The National Archives at 202–357–5450. Advanced reservations conducts regular public programs at its for guided tours of the National Archives public facilities. Many of these programs at College Park, MD, are available only support genealogy and other common Monday through Thursday between uses of our records. Frequent “Know 10:30 a.m. and 2:30 p.m. Group size Your Records” programs and an annual is limited to 20 people. For more genealogy fair are held in Washington, information and reservations, contact the DC. For more information on the Volunteer Program staff. Phone, 301– National Archives and its genealogy 837–3002. Email, [email protected]. programs, visit the Web site. The William Volunteer Service Volunteer service G. McGowan Theater of the National opportunities are available at the Archives Experience also offers programs National Archives Building and the each month featuring authors, films, National Archives at College Park, and expert panels speaking on topics MD. Volunteers conduct tours, provide related to and often drawn from National information in the exhibit halls, work Archives holdings. For more information with staff archivists in processing historic on National Archives Experience documents, and serve as research aides programs, call 202–357–5000. To obtain in the genealogical orientation room. a calendar of events, send an email For more information and a volunteer request. Email, [email protected]. application, visit our Web site by using Teacher Workshops and Teaching the link below. Volunteer Program Materials The National Archives staff may be reached in Washington, education specialists have developed DC: Phone, 202–357–5272. Fax, programs to train teachers in the use of 202–357–5925. In College Park, MD: primary source material as a teaching Phone, 301–837–3002. Fax, 301– aid. They also provide information on 837–3603. Presidential Libraries and how teachers can obtain documentary NARA’s regional locations offer similar materials to incorporate into their lessons opportunities. Contact the facility closest National Capital Planning Commission 409 to you for information on volunteer opportunities. Internet, http://www. archives.gov/careers/volunteering/. For further information, write or visit the National Archives and Records Administration, 700 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20408–0001. Phone, 202–357–5400. Email, [email protected]. Internet, http:// www.archives.gov.

NATIONAL CAPITAL PLANNING COMMISSION 401 Ninth Street NW., Suite 500, Washington, DC 20004 Phone, 202–482–7200. Internet, http://www.ncpc.gov.

Chairman L. Preston Bryant, Jr. Members Arrington Dixon, John M. Hart, Robert E. Miller, Elizabeth White Secretary of the Interior (ex officio) Sarah M.R. Jewell Secretary of Defense (ex officio) Charles T. Hagel Chairman, Senate Committee on Homeland Thomas R. Carper Security and Governmental Affairs (ex officio) Chairman, House Committee on Oversight and Darrell Issa Government Reform (ex officio) Mayor of the District of Columbia (ex officio) Vincent C. Gray Chairman, Council of the District of Columbia Philip Mendelson (ex officio) Staff Executive Director Marcel C. Acosta Chief Operating Officer Barry S. Socks General Counsel Anne R. Schuyler Director, Office of Public Engagement Julia A. Koster Director, Physical Planning Elizabeth Miller Director, Policy and Research Michael A. Sherman Director, Urban Design and Plan Review Christine Saum Secretary to the Commission and Director, Deborah B. Young Office of Administration [For the National Capital Planning Commission statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 1, Part 456.2]

The National Capital Planning Commission is the central agency for conducting planning and development activities for Federal lands and facilities in the National Capital Region. The region includes the District of Columbia and all land areas within the boundaries of Montgomery and Prince George’s Counties in Maryland and Fairfax, Loudoun, Prince William, and Arlington Counties and the City of Alexandria in Virginia.

The National Capital Planning for the Federal and District of Columbia Commission was established as a park governments. planning agency by act of June 6, 1924, In 1973, the National Capital Planning as amended (40 U.S.C. 8701 et seq.). Act was amended by the District of Two years later its role was expanded Columbia Home Rule Act, which made to include comprehensive planning. the mayor of the District of Columbia the In 1952, under the National Capital chief planner for the District and gave Planning Act, the Commission was the Commission specific authority for designated the central planning agency reviewing certain District decisions. The 410 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL REVIEW DESIGN AN DIVISION PL URBAN AND T OF ARIA AND DIVISION OFFICE SECRET POLICY RESEARCH COMMISSION OR AL OF DIVISION DIRECT SIC ANNING PHY TIVE PL OFFICE ANNING CHAIRMAN COMMISSION PL AL EXECU APIT C TION A OF TR TIONAL OFFICE OF COUNSEL ADMINIS NA AL OFFICE GENER GEMENT OF A ENG OFFICE PUBLIC National Credit Union Administration 411 Commission continues to serve as the by the President, with the remaining two central planning agency for the Federal appointed by the mayor of the District Government in the National Capital of Columbia. Presidential appointees Region. include one resident each from Maryland The Commission is composed of and Virginia and one from anywhere else five appointed and seven ex officio in the United States. The two mayoral members. Three citizen members, appointees must be District of Columbia including the Chairman, are appointed residents. For further information, contact the National Capital Planning Commission, 401 Ninth Street NW., Suite 500, Washington, DC 20004. Phone, 202–482–7200. Fax, 202–482–7272. Email, [email protected]. Internet, http:// www.ncpc.gov.

NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION 1775 Duke Street, Alexandria, VA 22314 Phone, 703–518–6300. Internet, http://www.ncua.gov.

Chairman Debbie Matz Members Michael E. Fryzel, Richard T. Metsger Executive Director Mark A. Treichel General Counsel Michael McKenna Inspector General James W. Hagen Director, Office of Examination and Insurance Larry Fazio Director, Office of National Examinations and Scott Hunt Supervision Chief Financial Officer Mary Ann Woodson Chief Information Officer Ronnie Levine Director, Office of Small Credit Union Initiatives William Myers Director, Office of Human Resources Cheryl Eyre Director, Public and Congressional Affairs Todd M. Harper Director, Office of Consumer Protection Gail Laster [For the National Credit Union Administration statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 12, Part 720]

The National Credit Union Administration is responsible for chartering, insuring, supervising, and examining Federal credit unions and administering the National Credit Union Share Insurance Fund.

The National Credit Union Activities Administration (NCUA) was established Chartering NCUA grants Federal by act of March 10, 1970 (12 U.S.C. credit union charters to groups sharing 1752), and reorganized by act of a common bond of occupation or November 10, 1978 (12 U.S.C. 226), as association or groups within a well- an independent agency in the executive defined neighborhood, community, or branch of the Federal Government. It rural district. A preliminary investigation regulates and insures all Federal credit is made to determine if certain standards unions and insures State-chartered credit are met before granting a Federal charter. unions that apply and qualify for share Examinations The Administration insurance. regularly examines Federal credit unions to determine their solvency and compliance with laws and regulations 412 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL and to assist credit union management eastern standard time, Monday through and operations. Friday. After business hours, consumers For further information, contact the Director, Office of may leave a recorded message. Examination and Insurance. Phone, 703–518–6360. Consumer Complaints NCUA investigates the complaints of members Share Insurance The act of October 19, unable to resolve problems with their 1970 (12 U.S.C. 1781 et seq.), provides Federal credit unions. Complaints should for a program of share insurance. The be sent to the regional office in the State insurance is mandatory for Federal credit where the credit union is located. unions. State-chartered credit unions in Employment Inquiries and applications many States are required to have Federal for employment should be directed to share insurance, and it is optional for the Office of Human Resources, National other State-chartered credit unions. Credit Credit Union Administration, 1775 Duke union members’ accounts are insured Street, Alexandria, VA 22314–3428. up to $250,000. The National Credit Federally Insured Credit Unions A Union Share Insurance Fund requires directory of federally insured credit each insured credit union to place unions, their addresses, asset levels, and maintain a 1-percent deposit of its and membership numbers is available insured savings with the Fund. for review at NCUA’s central and For further information, contact the Director, Office of regional offices. Copies of the directory Examination and Insurance. Phone, 703–518–6360. are available at a nominal fee from Supervision Supervisory activities are NCUA, Publications, 1775 Duke Street, carried out through regular examiner Alexandria, VA 22314–3428. Phone, contacts and through periodic policy 703–518–6340. The directory is also and regulatory releases from the available online. Internet, http://www. Administration. NCUA also identifies ncua.gov/Legal/GuidesEtc/Pages/ emerging problems and monitors CUDirectory.aspx. operations between examinations. Publications A listing and copies of For a complete list of NCUA regional NCUA publications are available from offices, visit http://www.ncua.gov/about/ NCUA, Publications, 1775 Duke Street, pages/Contact.aspx . Alexandria, VA 22314–3428. Phone, 703–518–6340. Publications are also Sources of Information available online. Internet, http://www.ncua. gov/Legal/GuidesEtc/Pages/default.aspx. Consumer Assistance Questions Starting a Federal Credit Union Groups about credit union insurance and other interested in forming a Federal credit consumer matters can be directed to union may obtain free information by NCUA’s Consumer Assistance Center at writing to the appropriate regional office. 800–755–1030, from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., For further information, contact the Office of Public and Congressional Affairs, National Credit Union Administration, 1775 Duke Street, Alexandria, VA 22314–3428. Phone, 703–518–6330. Internet, http://www. ncua.gov.

NATIONAL FOUNDATION ON THE ARTS AND THE HUMANITIES National Endowment for the Arts 400 7th Street SW., Washington, DC 20506 Phone, 202–682–5400. TDD, 202–682–5496. Internet, http://www.arts.gov.

Chairman R. Jane Chu Senior Deputy Chairman Joan Shigekawa Deputy Chairman, Management and Budget Winona Varnon National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities 413

Deputy Chairman, Programs and Partnerships Patrice Walker Powell Chief of Staff and White House Liaison Mike Griffin Budget Officer John Sotelo Chief Information Officer Michael Burke Director, Accessibility Beth Bienvenu Director, Administrative Services Kathy Daum Director, Artist Communities and Presenting Michael Orlove and Multidisciplinary Works and Coordinator of International Activities Director, Arts Education Ayanna N. Hudson Director, Civil Rights, Equal Employment Marisa E. Marinos Opportunity Director, Dance Douglas Sonntag Director, Design Jason Schupbach Director, Folk and Traditional Arts Barry Bergey Director, Guidelines and Panel Operations Jillian L. Miller Director, Human Resources Craig M. McCord, Sr. Director, Literature Amy Stolls, Acting Director, Media Arts Mary Smith, Acting Director, Museums and Visual Arts Wendy Clark, Acting Director, Music and Opera Douglas Sonntag, Acting Director, Public Affairs Jessamyn Sarmiento Director, Research and Analysis Sunil Iyengar Director, State and Regional Partnerships Laura Scanlan Director, Strategic Partnerships Dan Lurie Director, Theater and Musical Theater Douglas Sonntag, Acting Federal Partnerships Coordinator Tony Tighe Finance Officer Sandra Stueckler General Counsel India Pinkney Grants and Contracts Officer Nicki Jacobs Inspector General Auvonett Jones

The National Endowment for the Arts advances artistic excellence, creativity, and innovation for the benefit of individuals and communities.

Through its grants and programs, the Arts Endowment’s grant funds go to the 56 State Endowment brings great art to all 50 States and jurisdictional arts agencies and their and 6 U.S. jurisdictions, including rural 6 regional arts organizations in support of areas, inner cities, and military bases. arts projects in thousands of communities The Arts Endowment awards competitive across the country. matching grants to nonprofit organizations, to units of State or local government, and Sources of Information to federally recognized tribal communities Grants For information about Arts or tribes for projects, programs, or activities Endowment funding opportunities, in the fields of artist communities, arts contact the Public Affairs Office. Phone, education, dance, design, folk and 202–682–5400. TDD, 202–682–5496. traditional arts, literature, local arts Internet, http://www.arts.gov/grants. agencies, media arts, museums, music, Publications To obtain a copy of musical theater, opera, presenting, theater, the “Annual Report for the National and visual arts. In addition, it awards Endowment for the Arts,” funding competitive nonmatching individual guidelines, or other publications, fellowships in literature and honorary contact the Public Affairs Office. Phone, fellowships in jazz, folk and traditional 202–682–5400. TDD, 202–682–5496. arts, and opera. Forty percent of the Arts Internet, http://arts.gov/publications. 414 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

For further information, contact the Public Affairs Office, National Endowment for the Arts, 400 7th Street SW., Washington, DC 20506–0001. Phone, 202–682–5400. TDD, 202–682–5496. Internet, http://www.arts.gov.

National Endowment for the Humanities 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20506 Phone, 202–606–8400; 800–634–1121. Internet, http://www.neh.gov. Email, [email protected].

Chairman William D. Adams Deputy Chairman Carole Watson Chief Information Officer Brett Bobley General Counsel Michael McDonald Inspector General Laura M.H. Davis White House Liaison and Director of Courtney Chapin Congressional Affairs Director, Communications Judy Havemann Assistant Chairman for Partnership and Strategic Evagren O. Caldera Initiatives Assistant Chairman for Planning and Operations Jeffrey Thomas Assistant Chairman for Programs Adam Wolfson Director, Accounting John Gleason Director, Administrative Services Barry Maynes Director, Division of Education Programs William C. Rice Director, Division of Preservation and Access Nadina Gardner Director, Division of Public Programs Karen Mittelman Director, Division of Research Programs Jane Aikin Director, EDSITEment Partnership Carol Peters Director, Federal/State Partnership Edythe Manza Director, Information Resource Management Tanya Peltz Director, Office of Challenge Grants Andrea Anderson, Acting Director, Office of Digital Humanities Brett Bobley Director, Office of Grant Management Robert Straughter, Acting Director, Office of Human Resources Anthony Mitchell Director, Office of Planning and Budget Larry Myers Director, Office of Publications David Skinner Director, We the People Program Carole Watson

The National Endowment for the Humanities supports research, education, preservation, and public programs in the humanities.

According to the agency’s authorizing groups, or institutions: schools, colleges, legislation, the term “humanities” universities, museums, public television includes, but is not limited to, the study stations, libraries, public agencies, and of the following: language, both modern nonprofit private groups. and classical; linguistics; literature; Bridging Cultures Initiative This history; jurisprudence; philosophy; initiative encourages projects that explore archeology; comparative religion; the ways in which cultures around the ethics; the history, criticism, and theory globe, as well as the many subcultures of the arts; and those aspects of the within America’s borders, have social sciences that employ historical or influenced American society. philosophical approaches. For further information, call 202–606–8337. To increase understanding and appreciation of the humanities, the Challenge Grants Nonprofit institutions Endowment makes grants to individuals, interested in developing new sources of long-term support for educational, National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities 415 AND AIRS OF HOUSE AFF IP TIONS TIONS A OR ICA COUNSEL PEOPLE T WHITE THE SSIONAL S OF CCESS TNERSH PUBLIC WE DIREC A GENERAL OR AR COMMUN P FOR CONGRE AND ITIES OGRAMS TE AN S A DIRECT GRANTS P R PROGRAM ST OGRAMS TION NITIES / A L V CH HUMAN P R CHAIRM TION ENGE AL PROGRAM ANT FEDERA CHALL DIGI T PUBLIC EDUC A PRESE R RESEAR HUMA ASSIST THE AN AN FOR CHAIRM CHAIRM GEMENT DEPUTY MAN A WMENT O CES VICES FOR SE R END UDGET CES TIONS B AN RESOUR GEMENT TIVE A AND OPERA TION TING TR A RESOUR MAN CHAIRM Y ING AND ANT TIONAL ING L CCOUN HUMAN INFORM A ADMINIS GRANT LIBRA R PLANN A THE OFFICER O N A T ASSIST PLANN TION AN GENERA OR T ADVISOR CHAIRM INFORMA INSPEC SENIOR CHIEF 416 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL scholarly, preservation, and public “to increase public understanding programs in the humanities may be of the humanities” by supporting assisted in these efforts by a challenge those institutions and organizations grant. that develop and present humanities For further information, call 202–606–8309. programming for general audiences. For further information, call 202–606–8268. Digital Humanities The Office of Digital Humanities encourages and supports Research This division promotes projects that use or study the impact original research in the humanities by of digital technology on education, providing grants for significant research preservation, public programming, and projects. research in the humanities. For further information, call 202–606–8389. For further information, call 202–606–8401. Email, [email protected]. We the People Program This program is designed to encourage and enhance Education Through grants to the teaching, study, and understanding educational institutions and fellowships of American history, culture, and to scholars and teachers, this division democratic principles. strengthens sustained thoughtful study of For further information, call 202–606–8235. the humanities at all levels of education. For further information, call 202–606–8500. Sources of Information Federal and State Partnership ​ Employment National Endowment for Humanities committees in each of the the Humanities job vacancies are posted 50 States, the Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, online at USAJOBS. Internet, https:// the District of Columbia, the Northern www.usajobs.gov/. Mariana Islands, American Samoa, Grants Those interested in applying and Guam receive grants from the for a humanities grant should visit www. Endowment, which they in turn grant to neh.gov for information and guidelines support humanities programs at the local related to grant programs offered by the level. National Endowment for the Humanities. For further information, call 202–606–8254. For further information, call 202–606– 8400. Applications for grants must be Preservation and Access This division submitted online using the link below. supports projects that will create, Internet, http://www.grants.gov. preserve, and increase the availability Publications The Endowment’s of resources important for research, bimonthly review, “Humanities”, is education, and public programming in available by subscription ($24 domestic, the humanities. $33.60 foreign) through the U.S. For further information, call 202–606–8570. Government Printing Office, P.O. Box 979050, St. Louis, MO 63197–9000, or Public Programs This division strives by phone at 202–512–1800. to fulfill the Endowment’s mandate For further information, contact the Office of Communications, National Endowment for the Humanities, Room 510, 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20506. Phone, 202–606–8400 or 800–634– 1121. TDD, 202–606–8282 or 866–372–2930. Email, [email protected]. Internet, http://www.neh.gov.

Institute of Museum and Library Services 1800 M Street NW., Ninth Floor, Washington, DC 20036 Phone, 202–653–4657. Internet, http://www.imls.gov. Email, [email protected].

Director Susan Hildreth Deputy Director for Library Services Maura Marx Deputy Director for Museum Services Claudia French National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities 417

Director of Communications and Government Mamie Bittner Affairs General Counsel Nancy E. Weiss Chief Operating Officer Michael D. Jerger Chief Financial Officer Chris Catignani Chief Information Officer Stephanie Burwell Grants Management Officer Mary E. Kennelly Associate Deputy Director for Library Services, (vacancy) State Programs Associate Deputy Director for Library Services, Robert Horton Discretionary Programs Director of Planning, Research, and Evaluation Carlos A. Manjarrez

The Institute of Museum and Library Services creates strong libraries and museums that connect people to information and ideas.

The Institute of Museum and Library arboretums, nature centers, and Services (IMLS) was established within planetariums. It also awards grants to the National Foundation on the Arts public, school, academic, research, and and the Humanities by the Museum and special libraries. The Institute makes Library Services Act of September 30, grants that improve electronic sharing of 1996 (110 Stat. 3009), which amended information and expand public access to the Museum Services Act (20 U.S.C. information and services. 961 et seq.). The Institute combines African American History and Culture the administration of Federal museum Museum Grants These grants programs, which the Institute of Museum provide professional training, technical Services formerly managed, and Federal assistance, internships, and outside library programs, which the Department expertise for African American museums of Education formerly managed. The to increase their institutional capacity and Institute’s Director is appointed by the sustainability. President with the advice and consent Internet, http://www.imls.gov/applicants/name.aspx. of the Senate and is authorized to make grants to museums and libraries. The Conservation Assessment Program ​ Director receives policy advice on IMLS helps support the cost of the museum and library programs from the program through a cooperative National Museum and Library Services agreement with Heritage Preservation. Board, a 20-member board appointed The program supports conservation by the President, and from the Director, and research projects that include Deputy Director for the Office of Professional conservators making onsite Museum Services, and Deputy Director visits to identify conservation priorities. for the Office of Library Services. Internet, http://www.imls.gov/applicants/name.aspx. IMLS is the primary source of Federal support for the Nation’s 123,000 Laura Bush 21st Century Librarian libraries and 17,500 museums. It Program This program supports projects helps libraries and museums improve to recruit and educate future librarians, innovation, learning, and cultural and faculty, and library leaders; to promote civic engagement. Through grantmaking, early career research; and to assist in the policy development, and research, IMLS professional development of librarians helps libraries and museums deliver and library staff. more and better services to individuals Internet, http://www.imls.gov/applicants/name.aspx. and their communities. IMLS awards Museum Assessment Program IMLS grants to art, history, general, children’s, helps support the cost of the program natural history, science, and technology through a cooperative agreement with museums, as well as to historic houses, the American Alliance of Museums. The zoos, aquariums, botanical gardens, 418 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL program helps museums assess their Native American/Native Hawaiian strengths, assess their weaknesses, and Museum Services Program This plan for the future. program strengthens museum services Internet, http://www.imls.gov/applicants/name.aspx. to Native American tribes and Native Hawaiian organizations in the areas Museums for America This program of programming and professional supports projects designed to help an development. individual museum better serve its public. Internet, http://www.imls.gov/applicants/name.aspx. Internet, http://www.imls.gov/applicants/name.aspx. Sparks! Ignition Grants These grants National Arts and Humanities Youth help archives, museums, and libraries Program Awards This program is a innovate and enhance the way they project of the President’s Committee operate and provide services. on the Arts and the Humanities in Internet, http://www.imls.gov/applicants/name.aspx. partnership with IMLS, the National Endowment for the Arts, and the National State Program Grants IMLS, through Endowment for the Humanities. These the Library Services and Technology Act, awards acknowledge museums and provides annual grants to support library libraries for their afterschool and out-of- services in each State using a population- school arts and humanities programming based formula. For more information, for young Americans. contact your State librarian or use the link Internet, http://www.imls.gov/applicants/name.aspx. below. Internet, http://www.imls.gov/programs/default. National Leadership Grants These aspx. grants enhance the quality of archive, library, and museum services nationwide. Sources of Information They support projects intended to advance professional practice in these Electronic Access Information on IMLS fields. programs, application guidelines, and lists of grantees is available online. Email, Internet, http://www.imls.gov/applicants/name.aspx. [email protected]. Internet, http://www. National Medal for Museum and Library imls.gov. Service This award honors outstanding Grants, Contracts, and Cooperative institutions that provide exceptional Agreements For information on and meaningful public service for applying for IMLS funding, contact the communities that they serve. appropriate program office. Museum Internet, http://www.imls.gov/applicants/name.aspx. representatives should contact the Office of Museum Services, Institute of Native American Library Services This Museum and Library Services, 1800 M program provides small grants to tribes Street NW., Ninth Floor, Washington, DC and Alaska Native villages to maintain 20036. Phone, 202–653–4798. Library core library operations and support representatives should contact the Office technical assistance. Enhancement grants of Library Services, Institute of Museum help implement new library services and and Library Services, 1800 M Street promote innovative practices. NW., Washington, DC 20036. Phone, Internet, http://www.imls.gov/applicants/name.aspx. 202–653–4700. For further information, contact the Office of Communications and Government Affairs, Institute of Museum and Library Services, 1800 M Street NW., Washington, DC 20036. Phone, 202–653–4757. Email, imlsinfo@ imls.gov. Internet, http://www.imls.gov. National Labor Relations Board 419 NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 1099 Fourteenth Street NW., Washington, DC 20570 Phone, 202–273–1000. TDD, 202–273–4300. Internet, http://www.nlrb.gov.

Chairman Mark G. Pearce Members Kent Y. Hirozawa, Harry I. Johnson, III, Philip A. Miscimarra, Nancy J. Schiffer Executive Secretary Gary W. Shinners Director, Representation Appeals (vacancy) Solicitor William B. Cowen Chief Administrative Law Judge Robert A. Giannasi Director, Office of Public Affairs Gregory J. King Inspector General David P. Berry General Counsel Richard F. Griffin, Jr. Deputy General Counsel Jennifer Abruzzo Director, Equal Employment Opportunity Brenda V. Harris Director, Employee Development Thomas J. Christman, Jr. Chief Information Officer Bryan Burnett Director, Division of Administration Ventris C. Gibson Associate General Counsel, Division of Anne G. Purcell Operations-Management Associate General Counsel, Division of John H. Ferguson Enforcement Litigation Associate General Counsel, Division of Advice Barry J. Kearney [For the National Labor Relations Board statement of organization, see the Federal Register of June 14, 1979, 44 FR 34215]

The National Labor Relations Board prevents and remedies unfair labor practices committed by private sector employers and unions. It safeguards employees’ rights to organize and determine whether to have unions as their bargaining representative.

The National Labor Relations Board union-security agreement to determine (NLRB) is an independent agency created whether or not they wish to revoke by Congress to administer the National their union’s authority to make such Labor Relations Act of 1935 (Wagner agreements. In jurisdictional disputes Act; 29 U.S.C. 167). The Board is between two or more unions, the Board authorized to designate appropriate units determines which competing group of for collective bargaining and to conduct workers is entitled to perform the work secret ballot elections to determine involved. whether employees desire representation The regional directors and their staffs by a labor organization. process representation, unfair labor practice, and jurisdictional dispute Activities cases. They issue complaints in unfair In addition to preventing and remedying labor practice cases, seek settlement unfair labor practices, the NLRB conducts of unfair labor practice charges, obtain secret ballot elections among employees compliance with Board orders and court in appropriate collective-bargaining units judgments, and petition district courts for to determine whether or not they desire injunctions to prevent or remedy unfair to be represented by a labor organization labor practices. The regional directors in bargaining with employers over wages, conduct hearings in representation cases, hours, and working conditions. It also hold elections pursuant to the agreement conducts secret ballot elections among of the parties or the decisionmaking employees who have been covered by a authority delegated to them by the Board 420 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL ADVICE DIVISION OF DIVISION OF DIVISION OF DIVISION OF DIVISION OF LEGAL COUNSEL ENFORCEMENT REGIONAL OFFICES ENFORCEMENT LITIGATION OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT THE GENERAL COUNSEL OFFICE OF OFFICE OF THE OFFICE OF THE DIVISION OF EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY OFFICE OF THE OFFICE OF EQUAL ADMINISTRATION HUMAN RESOURCES OFFICE OF THE CHIEF INSPECTOR GENERAL CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER INFORMATION OFFICER CHIEF INFORMATION OFFICER NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD THE BOARD APPEALS OFFICE OF OFFICE OF SOLICITOR OFFICE OF THE OFFICE OF THE PUBLIC AFFAIRS REPRESENTATION DIVISION OF JUDGES EXECUTIVE SECRETARY National Mediation Board 421 or pursuant to Board directions, and for all its offices, field examiners for issue certifications of representatives its resident offices, and administrative when unions win or certify the results personnel for its Washington and resident when they lose employee elections. offices. Inquiries regarding college and The regional directors process petitions law school recruiting programs should for bargaining unit clarification, for be directed to the appropriate regional amendment of certification, and for or Headquarters office. Employment rescission of a labor organization’s inquiries and applications may be sent authority to make a union-shop to any regional office or the Washington agreement. They also conduct national Human Resources Office. Internet, http:// emergency employee referendums. www.nlrb.gov/who-we-are/careers. Administrative law judges conduct Programs and Activities Information on hearings in unfair labor practice cases, programs and activities is available on make findings of fact and conclusions NLRB’s Web site. Internet, http://www. of law, and recommend remedies for nlrb.gov/what-we-do. violations found. Their decisions can be Publications To inspect formal case appealed to the Board for a final agency documents or read agency publications, determination. The Board’s decisions are visit the Washington or field offices. Case subject to review in the U.S. courts of documents and agency publications are appeals. also available on NLRB’s Web site. The To find contact information for Board’s offices offer free informational National Labor Relations Board regional leaflets in limited quantities. Internet, and resident offices, use the link below. http://www.nlrb.gov/cases-decisions. Internet, http://www.nlrb.gov/who-we-are/regional- Speakers To provide a better offices. understanding of the National Labor Relations Act and the Board’s policies, Sources of Information procedures, and services, Washington and regional office personnel are Contracts Prospective suppliers of available to serve as speakers for labor goods and services may inquire about and civic organizations, educational agency procurement and contracting institutions, management organizations, practices by writing to the Chief, bar associations, and other similar Acquisitions Management Branch, groups. Requests for speakers or panelists National Labor Relations Board, may be made to Washington officials Washington, DC 20570. Phone, 202– or to the appropriate regional director. 273–4047. Requests also may be made by using Employment The Board appoints the link below and filling out the online administrative law judges from a register form. Internet, http://www.nlrb.gov/news- established by the Office of Personnel outreach/request-speaker. Management. The agency hires attorneys For further information, contact the Office of Public Affairs, National Labor Relations Board, 1099 Fourteenth Street NW., Suite 11550, Washington, DC 20570. Phone, 202–273–1991. Internet, http://www. nlrb.gov.

NATIONAL MEDIATION BOARD 1301 K Street NW., Suite 250 East, Washington, DC 20005 Phone, 202–692–5000. Internet, http://www.nmb.gov.

Chairman Linda A. Puchala Members Nicholas C. Geale, Harry R. Hoglander Chief of Staff Daniel Rainey General Counsel, Office of Legal Affairs Mary Johnson 422 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Director, Administration (vacancy) Director, Arbitration Services Roland Watkins Director, Mediation and Alternative Dispute (vacancy) Resolution Services

The National Mediation Board facilitates labor-management relations within the railroads and the airlines.

The National Mediation Board (NMB) is and an Online Dispute Resolution an independent agency established by component, which applies technology the 1934 amendments to the Railway to the dispute resolution process. The Labor Act of 1926 (45 U.S.C. 151–158, purpose of the ADR program is to assist 160–162, 1181–1188). The Board is the parties in learning and applying more composed of three members, appointed effective, less confrontational methods by the President and confirmed by the for resolving their disputes, and to help Senate. The Board designates a Chairman them resolve more of their own disputes on a yearly basis. without outside intervention. The Agency’s dispute-resolution Presidential Emergency Board If NMB processes are designed to resolve determines that a dispute threatens to disputes over the negotiation of new or substantially deprive any section of revised collective bargaining agreements the country of essential transportation and the interpretation or application of service, it notifies the President. The existing agreements. It also effectuates President may, at his discretion, establish employee rights of self-organization a Presidential Emergency Board (PEB) where a representation dispute exists. to investigate and report back within 30 days. After the PEB has been created and Activities for 30 days after it has made its report to Mediation and Alternative Dispute the President, neither party to the dispute Resolution Following receipt of an may exercise self-help. application for mediation, the NMB There are also special emergency assigns a mediator to assist the parties procedures for unresolved disputes in reaching an agreement. The NMB affecting publicly funded and operated is obligated to use its best efforts to commuter railroads and their employees. bring about a peaceful resolution to the If the mediation procedures are dispute. If such efforts do not settle the exhausted, the parties to the dispute, dispute, the NMB advises the parties and or the Governor of any State where the offers interest arbitration as an alternative railroad operates, may request that the approach to resolve the remaining President establish a PEB. The President issues. If either party rejects this offer, is required to establish such a board if the NMB releases the parties from formal requested. If no settlement is reached mediation. This release triggers a 30-day within 60 days following the creation of cooling off period. During this period, the PEB, NMB is required to conduct a NMB continues to work with the parties public hearing on the dispute. If there to achieve a consensual resolution. If, is no settlement within 120 days after however, an agreement is not reached by the creation of the PEB, any party, or the end of the 30-day period, the parties the Governor of any affected state, may are free to exercise lawful self-help, such request a second, final-offer PEB. No self- as carrier-imposed working conditions or help is permitted pending the exhaustion a strike by the union/organization. of these emergency procedures. In addition to traditional mediation Representation When a labor services, NMB also provides voluntary organization or individual files an Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) application with NMB to represent services. ADR services include employees, the Agency assigns an facilitation, training, grievance mediation, investigator to conduct a representation investigation. Should the applicant National Mediation Board 423 AIRS OF COUNSEL AFF CE OFFI LEGAL GENERAL BOARD BOARD AND TION THE VICES OF OF SER MEDIA CE CHAIRMAN TION OFFI MEMBERS TIONAL ARBITRA NA VICES AFF AND DISPUTE OF ST SER CE OF TION ON TIVE OFFI MEDIA CHIEF TERNA AL RESOLUTI TION OF TRA CE OFFI ADMINIS 424 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL meet the requirements, NMB continues parties the opportunity to use binding the investigation, usually with a secret interest arbitration when the agency has telephone or Internet election. NMB determined that further mediation efforts is responsible for ensuring that the will not be successful. In addition, the requirements for a fair election process parties may directly agree to resolve have been maintained. If the employees their collective bargaining dispute or vote to be represented, NMB issues portions of their dispute through interest a certification which commences the arbitration. NMB generally provides the carrier’s statutory duty to bargain with the parties with panels of potential arbitrators certified representative. from which they choose an individual to Arbitration NMB provides both resolve their dispute. In some instances, grievance arbitration and interest however, the parties agree to allow NMB arbitration. Grievance arbitration is a to directly appoint an arbitrator. Interest process for resolving disputes regarding arbitration decisions are final and binding the interpretation or application of an with very narrow grounds for judicial existing collective bargaining agreement. appeal. Grievances must be handled through grievance arbitration if not otherwise Sources of Information resolved, and cannot be used by the Electronic Access For information parties to trigger self-help actions. on NMB operations, including weekly NMB has significant administrative case activity reports, representation responsibilities for grievance arbitration determinations, press releases, and the in the railroad industry, which includes Board’s directory, visit the Board’s Web those before the National Railroad site. Internet, http://www.nmb.gov/. Adjustment Board (NRAB), as well Knowledge Store The Knowledge Store as the two types of arbitration panels contains over 100,000 documents in established by the labor-management an easily searchable format, including parties at each railroad: public law arbitration awards, representation boards (PLBs) and special boards of decisions, annual reports, PEB adjustment (SBAs). Grievance arbitration reports, industry contracts, and union in the airline industry is accomplished at constitutions and bylaws. To access the the various system boards of adjustment Store online, use the link below. Internet, created jointly by labor and management http://knowledgestore.nmb.gov/ks/search/ at the parties’ expense. NMB furnishes index.html. panels of prospective arbitrators for Publications The Annual Reports the parties’ selection in both the airline of the NMB are available online in and railroad industries. NMB also the Knowledge Store. Internet, http:// pays the salary and travel expenses of knowledgestore.nmb.gov/ks/search/index. the arbitrators for railroad arbitration html. proceedings. Grievance arbitration Virtual Reading Room Copies of decisions are final and binding with very collective-bargaining agreements limited grounds for judicial review. between labor and management of Interest arbitration is a process various rail and air carriers and NMB to establish the terms of a new or Determinations (back to at least modified collective bargaining October 1, 1998) are available online agreement through arbitration, rather in the Knowledge Store. Internet, http:// than through negotiations. Unlike knowledgestore.nmb.gov/ks/search/index. grievance arbitration, its use is not html. statutorily required. NMB offers the For further information, contact the Public Information Officer, National Mediation Board, Suite 250 East, 1301 K Street NW., Washington, DC 20005–7011. Phone, 202–692–5050. Internet, http://www.nmb.gov. National Railroad Passenger Corporation (AMTRAK) 425 NATIONAL RAILROAD PASSENGER CORPORATION (AMTRAK) 60 Massachusetts Avenue NE., Washington, DC 20002 Phone, 202–906–3000. Internet, http://www.amtrak.com.

Board of Directors Chairman Anthony R. Coscia Vice Chairman Jeffrey R. Moreland Directors Christopher R. Beall, Yvonne B. Burke, Thomas C. Carper, Albert DiClemente, Joseph Szabo President and Chief Executive Officer, AMTRAK Joseph H. Boardman (ex officio) Secretary of Transportation (ex officio) Anthony R. Foxx Officers President and Chief Executive Officer Joseph H. Boardman Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Eleanor D. Acheson Secretary Vice President, Government Affairs and Joseph H. McHugh Corporate Communications Chief Human Capital Officer Barry Melnkovic Vice President, Operations D. J. Stadtler Chief Officer, Marketing and Sales Matthew H. Hardison Chief of Police Polly Hanson Vice President, Northeast Corridor Infrastructure Stephen J. Gardner and Investment Development Chief Financial Officer Gerald Sokol, Jr. Chief Information Officer Jason Molfetas Chief, Emergency Management and Corporate Susan K. Reinertson Security Chief, Corporate Research and Strategy Mark Yachmetz Inspector General Thomas Howard [For the National Railroad Passenger Corporation statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Part 700]

The National Railroad Passenger Corporation provides intercity rail passenger service in the United States.

The National Railroad Passenger Northeast and several other small track Corporation (Amtrak) was created by segments elsewhere in the country. the Rail Passenger Service Act of 1970, Amtrak owns or leases its stations and as amended (49 U.S.C. 241), and was owns its own repair and maintenance incorporated under the laws of the facilities. The Corporation employs a District of Columbia. By developing, total workforce of approximately 20,000 operating, and improving U.S. intercity and provides all reservation, station, and rail passenger service, Amtrak provides onboard service staffs, as well as train a balanced nationwide transportation and engine operating crews. Outside the system. Northeast Corridor, Amtrak may enter Amtrak operates approximately 300 into contracts with privately or publicly trains per day, serving over 500 stations owned railroads to operate on their in 46 States, over a system of 22,000 track. These railroads are responsible route miles. Of this route system, Amtrak for the condition of the roadbed and for owns about 530 route miles in the coordinating the flow of traffic. 426 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL In fiscal year 2013, Amtrak transported modifications have been made to the over 31 million people, 86,000 Amtrak system and to individual routes passengers traveling per day. Amtrak also that have resulted in more efficient and runs commuter trains under contract with cost-effective operations. Capital funding several commuter agencies. has increased in recent years, allowing Although Amtrak’s basic route Amtrak to make progress in bringing its system was originally designated by network to a state of good repair and in the Secretary of Transportation in 1971, reducing debt load. For further information, contact the Government Affairs Department, Amtrak, 60 Massachusetts Avenue NE., Washington, DC 20002. Phone, 202–906–3918. Internet, http://www.amtrak.com.

NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22230 Phone, 703–292–5111. TDD, 800–281–8749. Internet, http://www.nsf.gov. Email, [email protected].

National Science Board Chair Dan E. Arvizu Vice Chair Kelvin K. Droegemeier Members Deborah L. Ball, Bonnie Bassler, Arthur Bienenstock, Ray M. Bowen, Vinton G. Cerf, Ruth David, Inez Fung, Esin Gulari, G. Peter Lepage, Alan I. Leshner, W. Carl Lineberger, Stephen Mayo, George P. Peterson, Douglas D. Randall, Geraldine Richmond, Anneila I. Sargent, Diane L. Souvaine, Arnold F. Stancell, Claude M. Steele, Robert J. Zimmer, Maria T. Zuber Member (ex officio) France A. Córdova National Science Foundation Director France A. Córdova Deputy Director Cora B. Marrett Executive Officer Michael L. Van Woert General Counsel Lawrence Rudolph Office Head, Office of International and Wanda Ward Integrative Activities Office Head, Office of Legislative and Public Judy Gan Affairs Office Head, Office of Diversity and Inclusion Claudia J. Postell Inspector General Allison C. Lerner Assistant Director for Biological Sciences John C. Wingfield Assistant Director for Computer and Farnam Jahanian Information Science and Engineering Assistant Director for Education and Human Joan Ferrini-Mundy Resources Assistant Director for Engineering Pramod P. Khargonekar Assistant Director for Geosciences Roger Wakimoto Assistant Director for Mathematical and Fleming Crim Physical Sciences National Science Foundation 427

National Science Foundation Assistant Director for Social, Behavioral, and Joanne S. Tornow, Acting Economic Sciences Chief Financial Officer and Office Head, Martha A. Rubenstein Office of Budget, Finance, and Award Management Chief Human Capital Officer and Office (vacancy) Head, Office of Information and Resource Management Chief Information Officer Amy Northcutt Chief Technology Officer Jose Munoz [For the National Science Foundation statement of organization, see the Federal Register of February 8, 1993, 58 FR 7587–7595; May 27, 1993, 58 FR 30819; May 2, 1994, 59 FR 22690; and October 6, 1995, 60 FR 52431]

The National Science Foundation promotes the progress of science and engineering by supporting research and education.

The National Science Foundation (NSF) of national science and engineering is an independent agency created by leadership. The Board also has a the National Science Foundation Act broad national policy responsibility to of 1950, as amended (42 U.S.C. 1861– monitor and make recommendations to 1875). promote the health of U.S. science and NSF purposes are to increase engineering research and education. the Nation’s base of scientific and The Foundation’s Office of Inspector engineering knowledge; to strengthen General is responsible for conducting its ability to conduct research in all and supervising audits, inspections, and areas of science and engineering; to investigations relating to the programs develop and help implement science and operations of the Foundation, and engineering education programs including allegations of misconduct in that can better prepare the Nation for science. meeting the challenges of the future; and to promote international cooperation Activities through science and engineering. In its NSF initiates and supports fundamental, role as a leading Federal supporter of long-term, merit-selected research science and engineering, the agency also in all the scientific and engineering has an important role in national policy disciplines. This support is made through planning. grants, contracts, and other agreements The Director and the Deputy Director awarded to universities, colleges, are appointed by the President, with academic consortia, and nonprofit the advice and consent of the Senate, and small business institutions. Most to a 6-year term and an unspecified of this research is directed toward the term, respectively. The Foundation’s resolution of scientific and engineering activities are guided by the National questions concerning fundamental life Science Board (NSB). NSB comprises a processes, natural laws and phenomena, chair, a vice chair, 24 board members, fundamental processes influencing the and the Director ex officio. Members human environment, and the forces are appointed by the President with the affecting people as members of society advice and consent of the Senate for as well as the behavior of society as a 6-year terms, with one-third appointed whole. every 2 years. They are selected because The Foundation encourages of their records of distinguished service cooperative efforts by universities, in science, engineering, education, industries, and government. It also research management, or public affairs promotes the application of research to be broadly representative of the views 428 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL OR BOARD VIORAL INSPECT AND CHAIR BEHA SCIENCE , OF SCIENCE CHAIR L GENERAL MENT L VICE CE FINANCE TION TIONA SOCIAL , A OFFI TIONA MANAGE MENT SCIENCES NA FOR IC ERING TE BUDGET POLAR INTERNA INFORM MS OF OF OF OF MANAGE ORA ENGINE ECONOM RESOURCE CE CE CE CE ARD W A PROGRA OFFI AND OFFI OFFI AND DIRECT AND OFFI TION OR FOUNDA OR DIRECT DIRECT SCIENCE DEPUTY S TIONAL FOR FOR FOR AND TION NA TICAL ERING ERING ENCES TE TE TE ER SCIENCES SCIENCES ORA ORA ORA EDUCA L THEMA RESOURCE ENGINE ENGINE GEOSCI MA COMPUT FOR GICAL AND DIRECT DIRECT DIRECT OR TE FOR CES HUMAN PHYSICA FOR BIOLO TE ORA TE OFFI AND AND DIRECT ORA SCIENCE ORA AFF DIRECT THE ST TION OF A DIRECT DIRECT AND CE OFFI INFORM National Science Foundation 429 and development for better products and NSF presents the Vannevar Bush services that improve the quality of life Award annually to a person who, and stimulate economic growth. through public service activities in The Foundation promotes the science and technology, has made an development of research talent through outstanding contribution toward the support of undergraduate and graduate welfare of mankind and the Nation. It students, as well as postdoctoral also presents the Public Service Award to researchers. It administers special one individual who and to one company, programs to identify and encourage corporation, or organization that have participation by groups underrepresented increased the public understanding of in science and technology and to science or engineering by serving the strengthen research capability at public in areas other than research. NSF smaller institutions, small businesses, annually presents the Alan T. Waterman undergraduate colleges, and universities. Award to an outstanding young scientist The Foundation supports major or engineer for support of research and national and international science and study. The Foundation also provides engineering activities, including the U.S. administrative support for the President’s Antarctic Program, the Ocean Drilling Committee on the National Medal of Program, global geoscience studies, Science. and others. Cooperative scientific and Information on awards is available on engineering research activities support the agency’s Web site. exchange programs for American Internet, http://www.nsf.gov/awards/about.jsp. and foreign scientists and engineers, execution of jointly designed research Sources of Information projects, participation in the activities of international science and engineering Board and Committee Minutes ​ organizations, and travel to international Summary minutes of the open meetings conferences. of the National Science Board may be Support is provided through contracts obtained from its Office. Phone, 703– and cooperative agreements with 292–7000. Information on NSB meetings, national centers where large facilities minutes, and reports is available online. are made available for use by qualified Summary minutes of the Foundation’s scientists and engineers. Among the types advisory groups may be obtained of centers supported by the Foundation from the contacts listed in the notice are astronomy and atmospheric sciences, of meetings published in the “Federal biological and engineering research, Register” or under “News and Media” science and technology, supercomputers, on the Foundation’s Web site. General and long-term ecological research sites. information about the Foundation’s The Foundation’s science and advisory groups may be obtained engineering education activities include from the Division of Human Resource grants for research and development Management, Room 315, Arlington, VA activities directed to model instructional 22230. Phone, 703–292–8180. Internet, materials for students and teachers and http://www.nsf.gov/nsb/meetings/. the application of advanced technologies Contracts The Foundation publicizes to education. Grants also are available contracting and subcontracting for teacher preparation and enhancement opportunities in the “Commerce and informal science education activities. Business Daily” and other appropriate Funding is also provided for college publications. Organizations seeking science instrumentation, course and to undertake contract work for the curriculum improvement, faculty and Foundation should contact either the student activities, and minority resource Division of Contracts, Policy, and centers. In addition, studies of the status Oversight (phone, 703–292–8240) or of math, science, and engineering the Division of Administrative Services education are supported. (phone, 703–292–8190), National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA 430 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL 22230. Internet, http://www.nsf.gov/bfa/ in accordance with the Foundation’s dcca/index.jsp. Privacy Act regulation at 45 CFR 613. Employment Inquiries may be directed Such requests should be clearly identified to the Division of Human Resource with “PRIVACY ACT REQUEST” and Management, National Science be addressed to the Privacy Act Officer, Foundation, Room 315, Arlington, VA National Science Foundation, Room 22230. Phone, 703–292–8180. TDD, 1265, Arlington, VA 22230. Phone, 703–292–8044. Internet, http://www.nsf. 703–292–8060. Internet, http://www.nsf. gov/careers/. gov/policies/foia.jsp. Fellowships Consult the NSF Publications The National Science “Guide to Programs” and appropriate Board assesses the status and health announcements and brochures for of science and its various disciplines, postdoctoral fellowship opportunities including such matters as human and that may be available through some material resources, in reports submitted Foundation divisions. Beginning graduate to the President for submission to and minority graduate students wanting the Congress. The National Science to apply for fellowships should contact Foundation issues publications that the Directorate for Education and Human announce and describe new programs, Resources. Phone, 703–292–8601. critical dates, and application procedures Internet, http://www.nsf.gov/funding/ for competitions. Single copies of these pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=6201. publications can be ordered by writing to Freedom of Information Act Requests ​ NSF Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 218, Jessup, Requests for agency records should MD 20794–0218. Phone, 301–947– be submitted in accordance with the 2722. Email, [email protected]. Internet, Foundation’s FOIA regulation at 45 CFR http://www.nsf.gov/publications/. 612. Such requests should be clearly Reading Room A collection of identified with “FOIA REQUEST” and Foundation policy documents and staff be addressed to the FOIA Officer, Office instructions, as well as current indexes, of General Counsel, National Science are available to the public for inspection Foundation, Room 1265, Arlington, VA and copying during regular business 22230. Phone, 703–292–8060. Fax, 703– hours, 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m., weekdays, in 292–9041. Email, [email protected]. Internet, the National Science Foundation Library, http://www.nsf.gov/policies/foia.jsp. Room 225, Arlington, VA 22230. Phone, Grants Individuals or organizations 703–292–7830. planning to submit grant proposals should Small Business Activities The Office refer to the NSF “Guide to Programs,” of Small Business Research and “Grant Proposal Guide” (NSF–01–2), Development provides information on and appropriate program brochures and opportunities for Foundation support to announcements that may be obtained small businesses with strong research as indicated in the Publications section. capabilities in science and technology. Internet, http://www.nsf.gov/publications/ Phone, 703–292–8330. The Office pub_summ.jsp?ods_key=gpg. of Small and Disadvantaged Business Office of Inspector General For Utilization oversees agency compliance more information, contact the Office with the provisions of the Small Business of Inspector General, National Science Act and the Small Business Investment Foundation, Room 1135, Arlington, VA Act of 1958, as amended (15 U.S.C. 22230. Phone, 703–292–7100. Internet, 631, 661, 683). Phone, 703–292–8330. http://www.nsf.gov/oig/index.jsp. Internet, http://www.nsf.gov/div/index. Privacy Act Requests Requests for jsp?org=IIP. personal records should be submitted For further information, contact the National Science Foundation Information Center, 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22230. Phone, 703–292–5111. TDD, 800–281–8749. Email, [email protected]. Internet, http://www.nsf.gov. National Transportation Safety Board 431 NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD 490 L’Enfant Plaza East, SW., Washington, DC 20594 Phone, 202–314–6000. Fax, 202–314–6110. Internet, http://www.ntsb.gov.

Chairman Deborah A.P. Hersman Vice Chairman Christopher A. Hart Members Mark R. Rosekind, Robert L. Sumwalt, Earl R. Weener Chief Financial Officer Edward Benthall, Acting General Counsel David K. Tochen Chief Administrative Law Judge Alfonso Montano Chief Information Officer Robert P. Scherer Managing Director David L. Mayer Director, Office of Communications Thomas E. Zoeller Director, Office of Equal Employment Fara D. Guest Opportunity, Diversity, and Inclusion Director, Office of Administration Lola A. Ward Director, Office of Aviation Safety John Delisi Director, Office of Highway Safety Donald F. Karol Director, Office of Marine Safety Tracy Murrell Director, Office of Railroad, Pipeline, and Robert Hall Hazardous Materials Investigations Director, Office of Research and Engineering Joseph M. Kolly [For the National Transportation Safety Board statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Part 800]

The National Transportation Safety Board investigates accidents, conducts studies, and makes recommendations to Government agencies, the transportation industry, and others on safety measures and practices.

The National Transportation Safety Board and certain public-use aircraft accidents; (NTSB) was established in 1967. On railroad accidents in which there is a April 1, 1975, the Independent Safety fatality, substantial property damage, Board Act of 1974 (49 U.S.C. 1111) or that involve a passenger train; reestablished the NTSB an independent pipeline accidents in which there is a agency outside the Department of fatality, substantial property damage, or Transportation. significant injury to the environment; NTSB consists of five Members highway accidents, including railroad appointed for 5-year terms by the grade-crossing accidents, that the Board President with the advice and consent selects in cooperation with the States; of the Senate. The President designates major marine casualties and marine two of these Members as Chairman and accidents involving a public vessel and Vice Chairman of the Board for 2-year a nonpublic vessel, in accordance with terms. The designation of the Chairman is regulations prescribed jointly by the made with the advice and consent of the Board and the U.S. Coast Guard; certain Senate. accidents involving hazardous materials; and other transportation accidents that Activities are catastrophic, involve problems of a Accident Investigation NTSB is recurring character, or otherwise should responsible for investigating, determining be investigated in the judgment of the probable cause, making safety Board. recommendations, and reporting the Safety Problem Identification NTSB facts and circumstances of incidents in makes recommendations on matters the following areas: U.S. civil aviation pertaining to transportation safety and 432 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Y AL DIVERSIT EQU , Y YMENT OF INCLUSION MEMBER TUNIT EMPLO AND OFFICE OPPOR TIONS OF A ARD BO MEMBER , OFFICE W AD A Y Y L TION COMMUNIC TERIALS THE AND OF OF AFET TIONS AILRO TIVE S MA A OF A R Y A TR TIG OF INFORMA JUDGES OFFICER SAFET OFFICE OFFICE PIPELINE, OFFICE INVES HIGHW OR CHIEF ADMINIS OFFICE HAZARDOUS THE TION DIRECT OF A T GING CHAIRMAN OFFICE Y Y MANA TION AND A OF OF OF OF AFET AFET S S ANSPOR TR TION TR OFFICE OFFICE OFFICE OFFICE ENGINEERING VIA RESEARCH MARINE ADMINIS A THE OF COUNSEL CHAIRMAN AL TIONAL OFFICE VICE NA GENER THE OF FINANCIAL OFFICER MEMBER OFFICE CHIEF National Transportation Safety Board 433 is a catalyst for transportation accident Electronic Access Agency information, prevention by conducting safety studies including aircraft accident data, synopses and special investigations; assessing of aircraft accidents, speeches and techniques of accident investigation and congressional testimony given by Board publishing recommended procedures; Members and staff, press releases, job establishing regulatory requirements vacancy announcements, and notices for reporting accidents; evaluating the of Board meetings, public hearings, and transportation safety consciousness other agency events, is available online. and efficacy of other Government Internet, http://www.ntsb.gov/. agencies in the prevention of accidents; Employment Send applications for evaluating the adequacy of safeguards employment to the Human Resources and procedures concerning the Division, National Transportation Safety transportation of hazardous materials and Board, Washington, DC 20594. Phone, the performance of other Government 202–314–6230. Internet, http://www. agencies charged with ensuring the safe ntsb.gov/about/employment.html. transportation of such materials; and Publications Publications are provided reporting annually to the Congress on its free of charge to the following categories activities. of subscribers: Federal, State, or local Family Assistance for Aviation Disasters ​ transportation agencies; international NTSB coordinates the resources of transportation organizations or foreign the Federal Government and other governments; educational institutions organizations to support the efforts of or public libraries; nonprofit public local and State governments and airlines safety organizations; and the news to meet the needs of aviation disaster media. Persons in these categories victims and their families. It assists in who are interested in receiving copies making Federal resources available to of Board publications should contact local authorities and airlines. the Records Management Division, Certificate, Civil Penalty, and License National Transportation Safety Board, Appeal On appeal, NTSB reviews the Washington, DC 20594. Phone, 202– suspension, amendment, modification, 314–6551. All other persons interested revocation, or denial of certain in receiving publications must purchase certificates, licenses, and assessments them from the National Technical of civil penalties issued by the Secretary Information Service, 5285 Port Royal of Transportation. NTSB also reviews Road, Springfield, VA 22161. Orders on appeal from the orders of any may be placed by telephone to the administrative law judge decisions of the Subscription Unit at 703–487–4630 or to Commandant of the Coast Guard that the sales desk at 703–487–4768. See also revoke, suspend, or deny certain licenses, “Publications” online at the bottom of certificates, documents, and registers. NTSB’s home page. Internet, http://www. For contact information on NTSB ntsb.gov/index.html. aviation, highway, and railroad safety Reading Room The Board’s Public regional offices, use the link below. Reference Room is available for record Internet, http://www.ntsb.gov/about/contact.html. inspection or photocopying. It is located on the 6th Floor at the Board’s Sources of Information Washington, DC, headquarters and is open from 8:45 a.m. to 4:45 p.m., Contracts and Procurement Inquiries weekdays. Requests for access to public regarding NTSB’s procurement and records should be made in person at the contracting activities should be addressed guards desk or by calling 202–314–6551 to the Contracting Officer, National or 1–800–877–6799. Transportation Safety Board, Washington, DC 20594. Phone, 202–314–6102. For further information, contact the Office of Public Affairs, National Transportation Safety Board, 490 L’Enfant Plaza East, SW., Washington, DC 20594. Phone, 202–314–6100. Fax, 202–314–6110. Internet, http://www.ntsb.gov. 434 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION Washington, DC 20555 Phone, 301–415–7000. Internet, http://www.nrc.gov. Email, [email protected].

Chairman Allison M. Macfarlane Commissioners Stephen G. Burns, Jeffrey Martin Baran, William C. Ostendorff, Kristine L. Svinicki Executive Director, Advisory Committee on Edwin M. Hackett Reactor Safeguards Chief Administrative Judge, Atomic Safety and E. Roy Hawkens Licensing Board Panel Director, Office of Commission Appellate Brooke D. Poole Adjudication Director, Office of Congressional Affairs V. Renee Simpson Director, Office of Public Affairs Eliot B. Brenner Inspector General Hubert T. Bell, Jr. Chief Financial Officer James E. Dyer General Counsel Margaret M. Doane Director, Office of International Programs Nader L. Mamish Secretary of the Commission Annette L. Vietti-Cook Executive Director for Operations Mark A. Satorius Deputy Executive Director for Reactor and Michael R. Johnson Preparedness Programs Deputy Executive Director for Materials, Waste, Michael F. Weber Research, State, Tribal and Compliance Programs Deputy Executive Director for Corporate Darren B. Ash Management [For the Nuclear Regulatory Commission statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10, Part I]

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission licenses and regulates civilian use of nuclear energy to protect public health and safety and the environment.

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission Rockville, Maryland, and there are four (NRC) was established as an independent regional offices. regulatory agency under the provisions The Commission ensures that nuclear of the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 materials and facilities for civilian use (42 U.S.C. 5801 et seq.) and Executive are managed in a manner consistent with Order 11834 of January 15, 1975. All public health and safety, environmental licensing and related regulatory functions quality, national security, and antitrust formerly assigned to the Atomic Energy laws. Most of the Commission’s effort is Commission were transferred to the focused on regulating the use of nuclear Nuclear Regulatory Commission. energy to generate electric power. The Commission’s major program components are the Office of Nuclear Activities Reactor Regulation, the Office of New NRC is primarily responsible for the Reactors, the Office of Nuclear Material following functions: licensing the Safety and Safeguards, the Office construction, operation, and closure of Federal and State Materials and of nuclear reactors and other nuclear Environmental Management Programs, facilities, such as nuclear fuel cycle and the Office of Nuclear Regulatory facilities, low-level radioactive waste Research. Its headquarters are located in disposal sites under NRC jurisdiction, Nuclear Regulatory Commission 435 THE CAPITAL OFFICE OF COMPUTER OF OFFICER HUMAN THE OFFICE SECRETARY SECURITY OFFICE OF COUNSEL CHIEF DIRECTOR, DIRECTOR COMMISSION THE MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS OF THE OFFICE INTERNATIONAL GENERAL OF DIRECTOR, EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF OF N CORPORATE SERVICES DEPUTY FOR OFFICE OFFICE ADMINISTRATIO DIRECTOR, DIRECTOR, INFORMATION THE GENERAL OF OF OF ONS OFFICE OFFICE OFFICE INSPECTOR STATE, AND INVESTIGATI ENFORCEMENT FEDERAL PROGRAMS DIRECTOR, DIRECTOR, DIRECTOR OF RESEARCH, PROGRAMS MATERIALS OFFICER OFFICE WASTE, OF COMPLIANCE EXECUTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL STATE OF OF FOR AND MANAGEMENT AND OFFICE FINANCIAL DIRECTOR, DEPUTY MATERIALS, OFFICE MATERIAL OFFICE SAFEGUARDS TRIBAL REGULATORY CHIEF OPERATIONS FOR ASSISTANT AND RESEARCH NUCLEAR DIRECTOR, DIRECTOR, NUCLEAR SAFETY DIRECTOR OPERATIONS FOR EXECUTIVE OF OF AND OFFICE AFFAIRS OFFICE RIGHTS BUSINESS PUBLIC CIVIL DIRECTOR, SMALL DIRECTOR, OF AFFAIRS OFFICE OF AND DIRECTOR, CONGRESSIONAL II IV OFFICE RESPONSE SECURITY ADMINISTRATOR ADMINISTRATOR REGION REGION AND OF INCIDENT DIRECTOR, AND NUCLEAR DIRECTOR JUDGE OF REGIONAL REGIONAL E ADVISORY PROGRAMS PANEL SAFETY OFFICE REACTOR REACTOR APPELLATE OFFICE ON REACTOR BOARD REGULATION EXECUTIVE ATOMIC DIRECTOR, OF FOR NUCLEAR SAFEGUARDS ADJUDICATION DIRECTOR, ADMINISTRATIV I III PREPAREDNESS DIRECTOR, DEPUTY COMMISSION LICENSING COMMITTEE OFFICE CHIEF ADMINISTRATOR REACTORS ADMINISTRATOR EXECUTIVE (CHAIRMAN), REGION REGION NEW DIRECTOR, . REGIONAL REGIONAL 436 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL the geologic repository for high-level Government Printing Office, Mail Stop radioactive waste, and nonpower test SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 and research reactors; licensing the (phone, 202–512–1800; Internet, http:// possession, use, processing, handling, www.gpo.gov/about/bookstore.htm) or and export of nuclear material; NTIS, 5301 Shawnee Road, Alexandria, licensing the operators of nuclear VA 22312 (phone, 703–605–6050; power and nonpower test and research Internet, www.ntis.gov). Internet, http:// reactors; inspecting licensed facilities www.nrc.gov/reading-rm.html. and activities; conducting the U.S. Active Regulatory Guides NRC Government research program on regulatory guides provide guidance to light-water reactor safety; developing licensees and applicants on implementing and implementing rules and regulations specific parts of the Commission’s that govern licensed nuclear activities; regulations, techniques used by its investigating nuclear incidents and staff in evaluating specific problems or allegations concerning any matter postulated accidents, and data needed regulated by the Commission; by the staff in its review of applications maintaining the NRC Incident Response for permits or licenses. Regulatory guides Program; collecting, analyzing, and are issued in the following 10 broad disseminating information about the divisions: power reactors, research and operational safety of commercial nuclear test reactors, fuels and materials facilities, power reactors and certain nonreactor environmental and siting, materials and activities; developing effective working plant protection, products, transportation, relationships with the States regarding occupational health, antitrust and reactor operations and the regulation financial review, and general. Active of nuclear material; and assuring that Regulatory Guides may be obtained free adequate regulatory programs are of charge by downloading them from maintained by those States that exercise the Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s regulatory control over certain nuclear online library. In addition, those who are materials in the State. interested may examine and copy, for a fee, publicly accessible documents at the Sources of Information Commission’s Public Document Room, Freedom of Information Act Requests ​ O1–F21, One White Flint North, 11555 Requests for copies of records should Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852. be directed to the FOIA or Privacy Act Internet, http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/ Officer, Mail Stop T–5 F09, Nuclear doc-collections/reg-guides/. Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC Draft Regulatory Guides NRC issues 20555–0001. Phone, 301–415–7169. regulatory guides in draft form to solicit Fax, 301–415–5130. Requests may also public comment and involve the public be made by using the link below and in developing the agency’s regulatory completing the “FOIA Request Submittal positions. Some draft guides are proposed Form.” Internet, http://www.nrc.gov/ revisions of existing guides. Draft reading-rm/foia/foia-submittal-form.html. regulatory guides have not received Publications NRC publishes scientific, complete staff review and, therefore, technical, and administrative information they do not represent official Nuclear on licensing and regulation of civilian Regulatory Commission staff positions. In nuclear facilities and materials, as finalizing the guides, the staff considers well as periodic and annual reports. all comments received during the public Some publications and documents are comment period. These drafts may be available on NRC’s Web site. The U.S. downloaded from the online library using Government Printing Office and the the link below. The public may comment National Technical Information Service on draft guides and other documents sell single copies of, or subscriptions to, issued in draft form online at http://www. the Commission’s publications. To obtain nrc.gov/public-involve/doc-comment. prices and order publications, contact html. Internet, http://www.nrc.gov/ the Superintendent of Documents, reading-rm.html. Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission 437 Reading Rooms The Public Document some exceptions, on paper, microfiche, Room in Rockville, Maryland, or CD–ROM for a nominal fee. For maintains an extensive collection of additional information regarding the documents related to Nuclear Regulatory Public Document Room, contact the Commission licensing proceedings and Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Public other significant actions. Documents Document Room, Washington, DC issued prior to October 1999 are 20555–0001. Phone, 301–415–4737 or available in paper or microfiche. 800–397–4209. Fax, 301–415–3548. Documents issued after October 1999 are Email, [email protected]. Internet, available from the Commission’s full-text http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/pdr.html. document management system, which Microfiche Collections Selected can be accessed using the link below. regional libraries of the Government The headquarters’ Public Document Printing Office Federal Depository Library Room is located on the first floor at One Program maintain permanent microfiche White Flint North, 11555 Rockville Pike, collections of Nuclear Regulatory Rockville, MD, and is open weekdays, Commission documents released from 7:45 a.m. to 4:15 p.m., except on between January 1981 and October Federal holidays. Internet, http://www. 1999. Contact the Public Document nrc.gov/reading-rm/adams.html. Room at 301–415–4737 or 800–397– Documents Documents from the 4209. collection may be reproduced, with For further information, contact the Office of Public Affairs, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC 20555–0001. Phone, 301–415–8200. Email, [email protected]. Internet, http://www.nrc.gov.

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION 1120 Twentieth Street NW., Washington, DC 20036–3457 Phone, 202–606–5380. Fax, 202–418–3017. Internet, http://www.oshrc.gov.

Chairman Thomasina V. Rogers Commissioners Cynthia L. Attwood, Heather L. MacDougall General Counsel Nadine N. Mancini Chief Administrative Law Judge Covette Rooney Executive Director Debra A. Hall Executive Secretary John X. Cerveny, Acting

The Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission ensures the timely and fair resolution of cases involving the alleged exposure of American workers to unsafe or unhealthy working conditions.

The Occupational Safety and Health the right to dispute alleged job safety or Review Commission is an independent, health violations that OSHA inspectors quasi-judicial agency established by the find, the penalties that OSHA proposes, Occupational Safety and Health Act of and the time given to correct a hazardous 1970 (29 U.S.C. 651–678). situation. The Commission rules on cases The Occupational Safety and Health when disagreements arise over the Act covers virtually every employer in results of safety and health inspections the country. Its purpose is to reduce performed by the Department of personal injuries, illness, and deaths of Labor’s Occupational Safety and Health working men and women in the United Administration (OSHA). Employers have States that result from their employment. 438 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL L THE OF COUNSE THE IONER OF OFFICE GENERAL ION OFFICE COMMISS TOR COMMISS THE DIREC OF TIVE OFFICE REVIEW EXECU THE MAN OF HEALTH CHAIR OFFICE AND TARY THE OF SECRE TIVE SAFETY OFFICE L EXECU PATIONA THE IONER OF THE TRATIVE OCCU OF JUDGE OFFICE COMMISS ADMINIS LAW OFFICE CHIEF Office of the Director of National Intelligence 439 It requires employers to provide a work decision, based on findings of fact and environment free from recognized conclusions of law. hazards that cause or are likely to cause A substantial number of the judge’s death or serious physical harm to their decisions become final orders of the employees. It also requires employers Commission. Commission members, to comply with occupational safety and however, will issue the final order if a health standards promulgated under the party petitions the Commission members act. for review of the judge’s decision and the petition is granted. Activities After a final order is issued, any party The Commission was created to to the case may seek a review of the adjudicate enforcement actions initiated decision in the United States courts of under the act when they are contested by appeals. employers, employees, or representatives The Commission’s principal office is of employees. A case arises when a in Washington, DC. Administrative law citation, issued to an employer as judges are also located in Atlanta and the result of an OSHA inspection, is Denver regional offices. contested within 15 working days of receipt of the report. Sources of Information There are two levels of adjudication Publications The Commission’s within the Commission. All cases are publications are available online. Copies first assigned to an administrative law of its publications and decisions are also judge. A hearing is generally held in the available from the Office of the Executive community or as close as possible to Secretary. Phone, 202–606–5400. Fax, where the alleged violation occurred. 202–606–5050. Internet, http://www. After the hearing, the judge issues a oshrc.gov/publications/index.html. For further information, contact the Office of the Executive Director, Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission, 1120 Twentieth Street NW., Washington, DC 20036–3457. Phone, 202–606–5380. Fax, 202–418–3017. Internet, http://www.oshrc.gov.

OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE Washington, DC 20511 Phone, 703–733–8600. Internet, http://www.dni.gov.

Director James R. Clapper Principal Deputy Director Stephanie O’Sullivan Deputy Director for Intelligence Integration Robert Cardillo Director, National Counterterrorism Center Matthew Olsen Director, National Counterproliferation Center Maja Lehnus National Counterintelligence Executive Frank Montoya Assistant Director for Policy and Strategy Corin Stone Assistant Deputy Director for Acquisition, Kevin Meiners Technology and Facilities Associate Director for Systems and Resource Troy Meink Analyses Chief Information Officer Al Tarasiuk Chief Financial Officer Richard Fravel Chief Human Capital Officer Deborah Kircher Program Manager, Information Sharing Kshemendra Paul Environment 440 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

General Counsel Robert S. Litt Director, Public Affairs Shawn S. Turner Civil Liberties Protection Officer Alexander W. Joel Inspector General Charles McCullough, III Chief, Equal Employment Opportunity and Rita Sampson Diversity

The Office of the Director of National Intelligence oversees and coordinates the foreign and domestic activities of the Intelligence Community across the Federal Government.

The Office of the Director of National intelligence; ensures the availability of Intelligence (ODNI) was established by and access to intelligence information the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism within the Intelligence Community; Prevention Act of 2004 (50 U.S.C. 403). develops the annual budget for the The Office began operation on April 21, National Intelligence Program; oversees 2005. coordination of relationships with the The Office is headed by the Director of intelligence or security services of National Intelligence, who is appointed foreign governments and international by the President with the advice and organizations; ensures that accurate consent of the Senate. The Director analysis of intelligence information reports directly to the President and is the is derived from all sources to support principal intelligence adviser. national security needs; develops ODNI ensures that the President, the personnel policies and programs heads of departments and agencies of to enhance the capacity for joint the executive branch, the Chairman operations and to facilitate staffing of of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and senior community management functions; military commanders, and the Congress and jointly oversees the development receive timely and objective national and implementation of an acquisition intelligence. It also establishes objectives program management plan with the and priorities for collection, analysis, Secretary of Defense. production, and dissemination of national For further information, contact the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, Washington, DC 20511. Phone, 703–733–8600. Internet, http://www.dni.gov.

OFFICE OF GOVERNMENT ETHICS 1201 New York Avenue NW., Suite 500, Washington, DC 20005–3917 Phone, 202–482–9300. TTY, 800–877–8339. Fax, 202–482–9237. Internet, http://www.oge.gov.

Director Walter M. Shaub, Jr. General Counsel David J. Apol Program Counsel Shelley K. Finlayson Deputy Director for Compliance Joseph E. Gangloff Assistant Director for Compliance Barbara A. Mullen-Roth [For the Office of Government Ethics statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 5, Part 2600]

The Office of Government Ethics directs executive branch policies related to preventing conflicts of interest on the part of Government employees and resolving those conflicts of interest that do occur. Office of Government Ethics 441 Y TIVE DIVERSIT CENTER CENTER EXECU AND TION Y AL A OFFICER OFFICER AIRS ENVIRONMENT OFFICER AL TUNIT AFF GENER TION APIT TERRORISM C OR TIVE A OPPOR SHARING FINANCIAL INFORMA HUMAN COUNTER TION INSPECT LEGISL YMENT COUNTERPROLIFER COUNTERINTELLIGENCE CHIEF CHIEF CHIEF TIONAL EMPLO INFORMA TIONAL NA TIONAL AL NA NA EQU INTELLIGENCE OR TION TIONAL A OR OFFICER DIRECT NA Y OR T INTEGR DIRECT OF GEMENT Y T DEPU DIRECT AL MANA OR DEPU INTELLIGENCE CHIEF PRINCIP DIRECT THE OF SES CILITIES Y A F OFFICE COUNCIL ANAL COUNCIL CY DIVISION A AND TEGY A AIRS OFFICE GEMENT TR PRIV A TION S GEMENT A COUNSEL AFF ENG AND AL RESOURCE AND MANA INTEGR INTELLIGENCE TIES TECHNOLOGY PUBLIC TNER AND GENER TION AR POLICY A P LIBER TEMS TIONAL S MISSION Y NA S CIVIL INTEGR CQUISITION, A 442 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL The Office of Government Ethics (OGE) is executive branch agencies; maintains an executive branch agency established an extensive program to provide advice under the Ethics in Government Act of on standards of ethical conduct and 1978, as amended (5 U.S.C. app. 401). conflict of interest laws; conducts onsite The Director of OGE is appointed by reviews of agency ethics programs; the President with the advice and consent orders corrective action on the part of of the Senate for a 5-year term. agencies and employees; evaluates the effectiveness of the Ethics in Government Activities Act, the conflict of interest laws, and The Office of Government Ethics other related statutes and recommends develops appropriate ethics policies appropriate changes; and provides for the executive branch through technical assistance in support of U.S. the promulgation of regulations on international anticorruption and good standards of ethical conduct, public governance initiatives. and confidential financial disclosure of executive branch officials, and ethics Sources of Information training programs. By reviewing the Electronic Access Information on OGE’s financial disclosure reports submitted services and programs is available online. by nominees for, incumbents of, and Publications The Office of Government those leaving executive branch positions Ethics periodically updates its publication requiring Presidential appointment with “The Informal Advisory Letters and Senate confirmation, OGE also identifies Memoranda and Formal Opinions of and resolves actual and potential the United States Office of Government conflicts of interest. These financial Ethics,” which is available from the disclosure reports are available for public Government Printing Office. In addition, inspection. OGE has ethics publications and The Office also provides education and instructional resources available. Upon training to 6,000 ethics officials through request, OGE also provides copies instructor-led and Web-based training of executive branch public financial programs; assesses the effectiveness disclosure reports in accordance with of public and confidential financial the Ethics in Government Act and OGE’s disclosure systems maintained by regulations. For further information, contact the Office of Government Ethics, Suite 500, 1201 New York Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20005–3917. Phone, 202–482–9300. TTY, 800–877–8339. Fax, 202–482–9237. Email, [email protected]. Internet, http://www.oge.gov.

OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT 1900 E Street NW., Washington, DC 20415–0001 Phone, 202–606–1800. TTY, 202–606–2532. Internet, http://www.opm.gov.

Director Katherine Archuleta Chief of Staff and Director of External Affairs Ann Marie Habershaw Inspector General Patrick E. McFarland General Counsel Kamala Vasagam Chief Financial Officer Dennis D. Coleman Associate Director, Employee Services and Mark Reinhold, Acting Chief Human Capital Officer Associate Director, Merit System Accountability Mark W. Lambert and Compliance Associate Director, Retirement Services Kenneth Zawondy, Jr. Associate Director, Federal Investigative Merton Miller Services Office of Personnel Management 443

Associate Director, Human Resources Solutions Joseph Kennedy Director, Combined Federal Campaign Keith Willingham Director, Congressional and Legislative Affairs Angela Kouters Director, Communications Jackie Koszczuk Director, Planning and Policy Analysis Jonathan Foley Director, Executive Secretariat Jozetta Robinson Director, Facilities, Security, and Contracting William N. Patterson Director, Federal Executive Institute Suzanne Logan Director, Equal Employment Opportunity Lashonn Woodland, Acting Director, Internal Oversight and Compliance Janet Barnes Chief Information Officer Donna Seymour Executive Director, Chief Human Capital Justin R. Johnson Officers Council Director, Diversity and Inclusion Veronica E. Villalobos Chair, Federal Prevailing Rate Advisory Sheldon I. Friedman Committee Actuary Steven M. Niu Director, Healthcare and Insurance John O’Brien Chief Operating Officer Angela Bailey [For the Office of Personnel Management statement of organization, see the Federal Register of Jan. 5, 1979, 44 FR 1501]

The Office of Personnel Management administers a merit system to ensure compliance with personnel laws and regulations and assists agencies in recruiting, examining, and promoting people on the basis of their knowledge and skills, regardless of their race, religion, sex, political influence, or other nonmerit factors.

The Office of Personnel Management services, at the request of an agency, (OPM) was created as an independent on a reimbursable basis; establishing establishment by Reorganization Plan basic qualification standards for all No. 2 of 1978 (5 U.S.C. app.), pursuant occupations; certifying agency delegated to Executive Order 12107 of December examining units to conduct examining; 28, 1978. Many of the functions of providing employment information the former United States Civil Service for competitive service positions; Commission were transferred to OPM. and providing policy direction and guidance on promotions, reassignments, Activities appointments in the excepted and Employee Benefits OPM manages competitive services, reinstatements, numerous activities that directly affect temporary and term employment, the well-being of the Federal employee veterans preference, workforce planning and indirectly enhance employee and reshaping, organizational design, effectiveness. These include health career transition, and other staffing benefits, life insurance, and retirement provisions. benefits. Executive Resources OPM leads Examining and Staffing The Office of in the selection, management, and Personnel Management is responsible development of Federal executives. OPM for providing departments and agencies provides policy guidance, consulting with technical assistance and guidance services, and technical support on Senior in examining competitive positions in the Executive Service (SES) recruitment, Federal civil service for General Schedule selection, succession planning, mobility grades 1 through 15 and Federal Wage performance, awards, and removals. system positions. In addition, OPM is It reviews agency nominations for SES responsible for the following duties: career appointments and administers the providing testing and examination Qualifications Review Boards that certify candidates’ executive qualifications. 444 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL MERIT COUNSEL COUNSEL FOR COUNSEL FOR GENERAL COUNSEL COMPENSATION DEPUTY GENERAL ASSISTANT GENERAL ASSOCIATE GENERAL STAFF GENERAL EQUAL THE CHIEF OF ACTIONS CHIEF OF STAFF OFFICER THE INSPECTOR INSPECTOR GENERAL CENTER FOR CENTER FOR EMERGENCY CENTER FOR CENTER FOR CENTER FOR CHIEF HUMAN MANAGEMENT EMPLOYMENT INFORMATION OPPORTUNITY SERVICES AND SECURITY AND SERVICES AND ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR CAPITAL OFFICER FOR MANAGEMENT AND AND DEPUTY CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER FINANCIAL SERVICES CHIEF INFORMATION LIAISON DEPUTY RELATIONS DESIGN AND PUBLICATIONS DIRECTOR WEB AND MARKETING ADMINISTRATIVE/ DIRECTOR MEDIA DIRECTOR FOR BUDGET ANALYST SPEECH WRITERS DIRECTOR PRESS DIRECTOR PUBLIC COMMUNICATIONS GROUP GENERAL NATURAL CENTER FOR CENTER FOR CENTER FOR RESOURCES CENTER FOR CENTER FOR CENTER FOR COMPLIANCE GOVERNMENT MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT MERIT SYSTEM HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL SMALL AGENCIES IMPLEMENTATION AND ASSESSMENT HUMAN RESOURCES NATIONAL SECURITY DIRECTOR FOR HUMAN CAPITAL ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR LEADERSHIP AND MERIT DEPUTY DIRECTOR SYSTEMS ACCOUNTABILITY TALENT SERVICES PROGRAM SERVICES SERVICES SERVICES SERVICES PROGRAM SERVICES PROGRAM INSURANCE INSURANCE OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT LEADERSHIP CENTER FOR CENTER FOR CENTER FOR CENTER FOR RIS SUPPORT RETIREMENT INVESTIGATIONS RETIREMENT AND CAPACITY SERVICES ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR FOR HUMAN RESOURCES PRODUCTS AND SERVICES E-GOV INITIATIVES SENIOR ADVISOR FOR HOMELAND SECURITY ADVISORY COMMITTEE POLICY POLICY POLICY SYSTEMS PAY AND PROGRAM DIRECTOR FOR FOR STRATEGIC FEDERAL PREVAILING RATE LEADERSHIP CENTER FOR CENTER FOR CENTER FOR CENTER FOR CENTER FOR TALENT AND CENTER FOR WORKFORCE CENTER FOR WORKFORCE PLANNING AND PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS AND EXECUTIVE EMPLOYEE AND ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR RELATIONS AND AND STRATEGIES FAMILY SUPPORT POLICY ANALYSIS ACCOUNTABILITY CAPACITY POLICY HUMAN RESOURCES RESOURCES POLICY HUMAN RESOURCES POLICY HOUSE LIAISON SENATE AFFAIRS AFFAIRS ANALYSIS OFFICE OF OFFICE OF OFFICE OF OFFICE OF OFFICE OF LEGISLATIVE RELATIONS ADMINISTRATION CONGRESSIONAL DIRECTOR FOR CONGRESSIONAL Office of Personnel Management 445 It manages SES, senior-level, and techniques for resolving disputes with scientific and professional space employees; quality of worklife initiatives, allocations to agencies, administers the such as employee health and fitness, Presidential Rank Awards program, and work and family, AIDS in the workplace, conducts orientation sessions for newly and employee assistance programs; appointed executives. In addition, OPM human resources development, including manages three interagency residential leadership and administration of the development and training centers for Human Resources Development executives and managers. Council and the Government Investigations The Office of Performance and Results Act interest the Inspector General conducts group; the Training and Management comprehensive and independent audits, Assistance program, to help agencies investigations, and evaluations relating develop training and human resources to OPM programs and operations. management solutions, including It is responsible for administrative workforce planning and succession actions against health care providers management strategies, e-learning who commit sanctionable offenses applications, traditional classroom with respect to the Federal Employees’ training materials, compensation and Health Benefits Program or other Federal performance management systems, and programs. other customized products; information For further information, contact the Office of the systems to support and improve Federal Inspector General. Phone, 202–606–1200. personnel management decisionmaking; and Governmentwide instructions for Personnel Systems OPM provides personnel processing and recordkeeping leadership and guidance to agencies and for release of personnel data under on systems to support the manager’s the Freedom of Information Act and the personnel management responsibilities. Privacy Act. These include the following: white- and OPM also provides administrative blue-collar pay systems, including SES support to special advisory bodies, and special occupational pay systems; including the Federal Prevailing Rate geographical adjustments and locality Advisory Committee, the Federal Salary payments; special rates to address Council, and the Presidential Advisory recruitment and retention problems; Committee on Expanding Training allowances and differentials, including Opportunities. recruitment and relocation bonuses, Oversight OPM assesses human capital retention allowances, and hazardous management Governmentwide and duty/environmental pay; and premium within agencies to gather information pay; annual and sick leave, court leave, for policy development and program military leave, leave transfer and leave refinement, ensure compliance with bank programs, family and medical law and regulation, and enhance leave, excused absence, holidays, and agency capability for human resources scheduling of work, including flexible management accountability. Agency and compressed work schedules; accountability systems help ensure that performance management, covering human capital decisions are consistent appraisal systems, performance pay with merit principles and that human and awards, and incentive awards for capital strategies are aligned with mission suggestions, inventions, and special accomplishment. OPM also works with acts; classification policy and standards agencies to find better and more strategic for agencies to determine the series ways to manage Federal human capital. and grades for Federal jobs; labor- Workforce Diversity OPM provides management relations, including leadership, direction, and policy for collective bargaining, negotiability, Governmentwide affirmative recruiting unfair labor practices, labor-management programs for women, minorities, cooperation, and consulting with unions individuals with disabilities, and veterans. on Governmentwide issues; systems and It also provides leadership, guidance, 446 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL and technical assistance to promote Federal Executive Boards are located in merit and equality in systemic workforce 28 metropolitan areas that are important recruitment, employment, training, and centers of Federal activity. These areas retention. In addition, OPM gathers, are as follows: Albuquerque-Santa Fe, analyzes, and maintains statistical data NM; Atlanta, GA; Baltimore, MD; Boston, on the diversity of the Federal workforce MA; Buffalo, NY; Chicago, IL; Cincinnati, and prepares evaluation reports for OH; Cleveland, OH; Dallas-Fort Worth, Congress and others on individual agency TX; Denver, CO; Detroit, MI; Honolulu, and Governmentwide progress toward HI; Houston, TX; Kansas City, MO; Los full workforce representation for all Angeles, CA; Miami, FL; Minneapolis- Americans in the Federal sector. St. Paul, MN; New Orleans, LA; New Other Personnel Programs OPM York, NY; Newark, NJ; Oklahoma coordinates the temporary assignment City, OK; Philadelphia, PA; Pittsburgh, of employees between Federal agencies PA; Portland, OR; St. Louis, MO; San and State, local, and Indian tribal Antonio, TX; San Francisco, CA; and governments, institutions of higher Seattle, WA. education, and other eligible nonprofit Federal Executive Associations or organizations for up to 2 years, for work Councils have been locally organized of mutual benefit to the participating in approximately 65 other metropolitan organizations. It administers the areas to perform functions similar to the Presidential Management Intern Program, Federal Executive Boards but on a lesser which provides 2-year, excepted scale of organization and activity. appointments with Federal agencies For further information, contact the Director to recipients of graduate degrees in for Federal Executive Board Operations, Office appropriate disciplines. In addition, of Personnel Management, Room 5524, 1900 E the Office of Personnel Management Street NW., Washington, DC 20415–0001. Phone, 202–606–1000. administers the Federal Merit System Standards, which apply to certain grant- Sources of Information aided State and local programs. Federal Executive Boards Federal Contracts For information, contact the Executive Boards (FEBs) were established Chief, Contracting Division, Office of by Presidential memorandum on Personnel Management, Washington, DC November 10, 1961, to improve internal 20415–0071. Phone, 202–606–2240. Federal management practices and Internet, http://www.opm.gov/about-us/ to provide a central focus for Federal doing-business-with-opm/contracting- participation in civic affairs in major opportunities/. metropolitan centers of Federal activity. Employment Information on Federal They carry out their functions under OPM employment and current job openings supervision and control. Governmentwide is available on OPM’s FEBs serve as a means for home page. Select “Job Seekers” from the disseminating information within the list to access the Federal Government’s Federal Government and for promoting largest online jobs portal. For information discussion of Federal policies and on employment opportunities within activities of importance to all Federal OPM, contact the Director of Human executives in the field. Each Board is Resources. Phone, 202–606–2400. composed of heads of Federal field Internet, http://www.opm.gov/. offices in the metropolitan area. A Publications The Chief, Publications chairman is elected annually from among Services Division, can provide the membership to provide overall information on Federal personnel leadership to the Board’s operations. management publications. Phone, 202– Committees and task forces carry out 606–1822. Internet, http://www.opm.gov/ interagency projects consistent with the news/reports-publications/publications- Board’s mission. database/. Office of Special Counsel 447

For further information, contact the Office of Communications, Office of Personnel Management, 1900 E Street NW., Washington, DC 20415–0001. Phone, 202–606–1800. TTY, 202–606–2532. Internet, http://www. opm.gov.

OFFICE OF SPECIAL COUNSEL 1730 M Street NW., Suite 218, Washington, DC 20036–4505 Phone, 202–254–3600; 800–872–9855. Fax, 202–653–5151. Internet, http://www.osc.gov.

Special Counsel Carolyn N. Lerner Principal Deputy Special Counsel Mark P. Cohen Deputy Special Counsel, Policy and Adam Miles Congressional Affairs Deputy Special Counsel, Litigation and Legal Eric Bachman Affairs Senior Communications Specialist Nicholas Schwellenbach Associate Special Counsel, Investigation and Bruce D. Fong Prosecution Division/Field Associate Special Counsel, Investigation and Louis Lopez Prosecution Division/HQ Chief Administrative Officer (vacancy) Associate Special Counsel, Special Projects (vacancy) Chief, Alternative Dispute Resolution Jane Juliano General Counsel Lisa V. Terry Chief, Complaints Examining Unit Barbara J. Wheeler Chief, Disclosure Unit Catherine A. McMullen Chief, Hatch Act Unit Ana Galindo-Marrone Chief, Uniformed Services Employment and Patrick H. Boulay Reemployment Rights Act Unit Chief Financial Officer Karl P. Kammann Chief Human Capital Officer James J. Wilson Chief Information Officer Wing W. Leung Chief, Dallas Field Office Anne Gullick Chief, San Francisco Field Office Joseph Siegelman Chief, Detroit Field Office Christopher Tall

The Office of Special Counsel investigates allegations of certain activities prohibited by civil service laws, rules, or regulations and litigates before the Merit Systems Protection Board.

The Office of Special Counsel (OSC) Activities was established on January 1, 1979, by The Office of Special Counsel safeguards Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1978 (5 the merit system in Federal employment U.S.C. app.). The Civil Service Reform by protecting employees and applicants Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. 1101 note), from prohibited personnel practices, which became effective on January especially reprisal for whistleblowing. 11, 1979, enlarged its functions and The Office also operates a secure channel powers. Pursuant to provisions of the for Federal whistleblower disclosures of Whistleblower Protection Act of 1989 violations of laws, rules, or regulations; (5 U.S.C. 1211 et seq.), OSC functions gross mismanagement; gross waste of as an independent investigative and funds; abuse of authority; and substantial prosecutorial agency within the executive and specific danger to public health and branch that litigates before the Merit safety. In addition, OSC issues advice on Systems Protection Board. 448 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL TIVE A TR VICES DIVISION SER ADMINIS AL TION APIT

C BUDGET CAPITAL AND SERVICES FINANCE AND INFORMA TECHNOLOGY ADMINISTRATIVE HUMAN AIRS HUMAN PUBLIC AFF AND CONGRESSIONAL AL Y YMENT TUNIT GENER COUNSEL EMPLO AL OPPOR EQU VICES UNIT YMENT YMENT SER CT A COUNSEL EMPLO REEMPLO RIGHTS AND AND Y UNIFORMED T COUNSEL COUNSEL DEPU SPECIAL PRINCIPAL DEPUTY SPECIAL SPECIAL CT A OF UNIT TCH HA OFFICE UNIT DISCLOSURE AINTS UNIT EXAMINING ON COMPL AS AND

OFFICE OFFICE OFFICE OFFICE ALL AKL D DETROIT PROJECT O ASHINGT FIELD FIELD FIELD FIELD W RETALIATION PILOT TION TION A TIG DIVISION PROSECU INVES AND Overseas Private Investment Corporation 449 the Hatch Act and enforces its restrictions service, uphold merit system principles, on political activity by Government are encouraged to disclose wrongdoing, employees. Finally, OSC protects the and are protected against reprisals and civilian employment and reemployment other unlawful employment practices. rights of military servicemembers under the Uniformed Services Employment Sources of Information and Reemployment Act. OSC enhances A complete listing of OSC contacts, Government accountability and including field offices, media inquiries, performance by the realization of a and the whistleblower disclosure hotline, diverse, inclusive Federal workplace is available online. Internet, http://www. where employees embrace excellence in osc.gov/contacts.htm. For further information, contact the Office of Special Counsel, 1730 M Street NW., Suite 218, Washington, DC 20036–4505. Phone, 202–254–3600 or 800–872–9855. Fax, 202–254–3711. Internet, http://www.osc. gov.

OVERSEAS PRIVATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION 1100 New York Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20527 Phone, 202–336–8400. Fax, 202–336–7949. Internet, http://www.opic.gov.

President and Chief Executive Officer Elizabeth L. Littlefield Executive Vice President Mimi Alemayehou Chief of Staff John E. Morton Deputy Chief of Staff Paula Tufro Senior Advisor to the President and Chief Pavneet Singh Executive Officer for Policy and Operations Chief Financial Officer Allan Villabroza Vice President and General Counsel Kimberly Heimert Vice President, Investment Policy Margaret L. Kuhlow Vice President, Office of Administrative Dennis Lauer Services and Chief Information Officer Vice President, Insurance John F. Moran Vice President, Human Resources Rita Moss Vice President, Small and Medium Enterprise James C. Polan Finance Vice President, External Affairs Judith Pryor Vice President, Structured Finance Michael Whalen Head of Investment Funds and Chief Investment William R. Pearce Strategist [For the Overseas Private Investment Corporation statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 22, Chapter VII]

The Overseas Private Investment Corporation promotes economic growth and job opportunities both at home and abroad by encouraging U.S. private investment in developing countries and emerging markets.

The Overseas Private Investment economic development in new and Corporation (OPIC) was established in emerging markets, complements the private 1971 as an independent agency by the sector in managing risks associated with Foreign Affairs Reform and Restructuring foreign direct investment, and supports Act (112 Stat. 2681–790). OPIC helps U.S. foreign policy. OPIC charges market- U.S. businesses invest overseas, fosters based fees for its products, and it operates 450 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL on a self-sustaining basis at no net cost to have a proven record in the industry, taxpayers. and have the means to contribute to the financial successes of the project. Activities In response to the shortfall of private OPIC is the U.S. Government’s equity capital in developing countries, development finance institution. It OPIC provides support for the creation mobilizes private capital to help solve of privately owned and managed critical development challenges and in investment funds. OPIC is one of the doing so, advances U.S. foreign policy. largest private equity fund sponsors in Because OPIC works with the U.S. developing nations and is typically one private sector, it helps U.S. businesses of the first to enter an unproven market gain footholds in emerging markets, in that capacity. These funds make direct catalyzing revenues, jobs, and growth equity and equity-related investments in opportunities both at home and abroad. new, expanding, or privatizing emerging OPIC achieves its mission by providing market companies. OPIC-supported investors with financing, guarantees, funds help emerging economies access political risk insurance, and support for long-term growth capital, management private equity investment funds. skills, and financial expertise, all of OPIC financing provides medium- to which are key factors in expanding long-term funding through direct loans economic development and creating new and loan guaranties to eligible investment opportunities for people in low-income projects. Small- and medium-enterprise and developing nations. financing is available for businesses with annual revenues of less than $400 Sources of Information million, while OPIC’s structured financing General Inquiries Contact the focuses on larger U.S. businesses and Information Officer, Office of External supports large-scale projects that require Affairs, Overseas Private Investment great amounts of capital. For businesses Corporation, 1100 New York Avenue, with annual revenues less than $35 NW., Washington, DC 20527. Phone, million, OPIC’s Small Business Center 202–336–8799 (InfoLine) or 202–336– (SBC) offers qualified small businesses the 8400 (Operator). Email, [email protected]. opportunity to utilize OPIC’s streamlined Internet, http://www.opic.gov/doing- approval process. business-us/contact-us. Loans and guarantees range from a Publications OPIC programs are minimum $350,000 to a maximum of detailed in the “Annual Report” and the $250 million on projects sponsored by “Program Handbook.” Both publications U.S. businesses. If a project requires are available free of charge. To access more than OPIC’s maximum per-project the “Program Handbook,” go to http:// lending capacity, OPIC is experienced in www.opic.gov/sites/default/files/docs/ working with colenders to bring sufficient OPIC_Handbook.pdf. Use the link below resources to a project. In most cases, the to see the annual reports. Internet, http:// U.S. sponsor is expected to contribute www.opic.gov/media-connections/ at least 25 percent of the project equity, annual-reports. For further information, contact the Overseas Private Investment Corporation, 1100 New York Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20527. Phone, 202–336–8400. Fax, 202–336–7949. Internet, http://www.opic.gov.

PEACE CORPS 1111 Twentieth Street NW., Washington, DC 20526 Phone, 202–692–2000; 855–855–1961. Fax, 202–692–2231. Internet, http://www.peacecorps.gov.

Director Carolyn Hessler-Radelet Deputy Director (vacancy) Peace Corps 451

Chief of Staff Laura Chambers White House Liaison Jacklyn Dao Associate Director for Global Operations Carlos Torres Director of Congressional Relations Kathleen Beale General Counsel M. William Rubin Executive Secretariat Melanie Wilhelm Director of Communications Maureen Knightly Director of Office of Strategic Information, Cathryn Thorup Research, and Planning Director of Civil Rights and Diversity David King Inspector General Kathy A. Buller Director of Peace Corps Response Sarah Morgenthau Regional Director, Africa Richard Day Regional Director, Europe, Mediterranean and Keri Lowry Asia Regional Director, Inter-America and the Pacific Nina Favor, Acting Director of Overseas Programming and Training Sonia Stines Derenoncourt Support Chief Financial Officer Joseph Hepp Associate Director for Management (vacancy) Associate Director for Health Services Paul Jung Director of Victim Advocacy Kellie Greene Chief Information Officer Dorine Andrews Associate Director for Volunteer Recruitment Helen Lowman and Selection Associate Director for Safety and Security (vacancy) Chief Acquisition Officer Linda Brainard Chief Compliance Officer Daljit Bains Director of Global Health and HIV Marie McLeod Associate Director for Strategic Partnerships Corey Griffin Director of Third Goal and Returned Volunteer (vacancy) Services Director of Innovation Patrick Choquette

The Peace Corps helps people of interested countries meet their need for trained men and women and promotes mutual understanding between Americans and citizens of other countries.

The Peace Corps was established by the to 14-week period in the appropriate Peace Corps Act of 1961, as amended local language, the technical skills (22 U.S.C. 2501), and was made an necessary for their particular jobs, and independent agency by title VI of the the cross-cultural skills needed to adjust International Security and Development to a society with traditions and attitudes Cooperation Act of 1981 (22 U.S.C. different from their own. Volunteers serve 2501–1). for a period of 2 years, living among the people with whom they work. Volunteers Activities are expected to become a part of the The Peace Corps consists of a community through their service. Washington, DC, headquarters, eight Thousands of volunteers serve area offices, and overseas operations in worldwide and work in six program 65 countries, relying on more than 7,200 areas: agriculture, business development, volunteers. education, environment, health and To fulfill the Peace Corps mandate, HIV/AIDS, and youth development. men and women are trained for a 9- Community-level projects are designed to match the skills of volunteers with 452 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL SERVICES OFFICE OF OFFICE OF SELECTION COMMUNICATIONS HEALTH RECRUITMENT AND OFFICE OF VOLUNTEER OFFICE OF OFFICE OF AND PLANNING AND RETURNED DEPUTY DIRECTOR GLOBAL OPERATIONS OFFICE OF STRATEGIC VOLUNTEER SERVICES OFFICE OF THIRD GOAL SAFETY AND SECURITY INFORMATION, RESEARCH OFFICE OF OFFICE OF OFFICE OF VICTIM ADVOCACY GENERAL COUNSEL INSPECTOR GENERAL VIRUS REGION INTER-AMERICA AND THE PACIFIC OVERSEAS POSTS OFFICE OF GLOBAL HEALTH AND HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY REGION EUROPE, AND ASIA OFFICE OF MEDITERRANEAN, OVERSEAS POSTS TRAINING SUPPORT PROGRAMMING AND DIRECTOR PEACE CORPS RESPONSE PEACE CORPS AFRICA REGION OVERSEAS POSTS LIAISON OFFICE OF OFFICE OF INNOVATION WHITE HOUSE CONGRESSIONAL RELATIONS OFFICER OFFICER OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT OFFICE OF THE PARTNERSHIPS CHIEF OF STAFF CHIEF COMPLIANCE CHIEF INFORMATION OFFICE OF STRATEGIC CIVIL RIGHTS OF OFFICER * EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT OFFICE OF THE AND DIVERSITY CHIEF FINANCIAL and the Chief of Acquisitions and Contract Management the incumbents report directly to the Director. * In their functions as Chief Financial Officer, Office of Civil Rights and Diversity Program Manager, OFFICE Peace Corps 453 the resources of host-country agencies our Nation’s most pressing domestic and other international assistance problems. organizations to help solve specific A complete listing of Peace Corps area development problems, often in offices, including addresses, telephone conjunction with private volunteer numbers, and areas served, is available organizations. online. In the United States, the Peace Corps Internet, http://www.peacecorps.gov. is working to promote an understanding of people in other countries. Through Sources of Information its World Wise Schools program, volunteers partner with elementary Becoming a Peace Corps Volunteer ​ and junior high school students in the Contact the nearest area office, or use United States to encourage an exchange the link below. An “Application Portal” of letters, pictures, music, and artifacts. is available online. Internet, http://www. Participating students increase their peacecorps.gov/volunteer/. knowledge of geography, languages, Employment Contact the Peace Corps, and different cultures, while gaining an Office of Human Resource Management, appreciation for voluntarism. Washington, DC 20526. Phone, The Peace Corps offers other domestic 202–692–1200. Peace Corps vacancy programs that rely on former volunteers. announcements are available online. Working together with universities, Internet, http://www.peacecorps.gov/ local public school systems, and private about/jobs/. businesses and foundations, these General Inquiries Contact the Peace former volunteers help solve some of Corps Washington, DC, headquarters or one of its area offices. For further information, contact the Press Office, Peace Corps, 1111 Twentieth Street NW., Washington, DC 20526. Phone, 202–692–2230 or 855–855–1961. Fax, 202–692–2201. Internet, http://www.peacecorps.gov. 454 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL EDITORIAL NOTE: The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation did not meet the publication deadline for submitting updated information of its activities, functions, and sources of information as required by the automatic disclosure provisions of the Freedom of Information Act (5 U.S.C. 552(a)(1)(A)).

PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY CORPORATION 1200 K Street NW., Washington, DC 20005 Phone, 202–326–4000; 800–400–7242. Internet, http://www.pbgc.gov.

Board of Directors Chairman (Secretary of Labor) Thomas E. Perez Member (Secretary of the Treasury) Jacob J. Lew Member (Secretary of Commerce) Penny S. Pritzker Officials Director Joshua Gotbaum Deputy Director, Operations (vacancy) General Counsel Judith Starr Inspector General Deborah Stover-Springer, Acting Chief of Staff Ann Orr Chief Counsel Israel Goldowitz Chief Financial Officer Patricia Kelly Chief Information Officer Barry C. West Chief Investment Officer John Greenberg Chief Management Officer Alice C. Maroni Chief, Negotiations and Restructuring Sandy Rich Chief Policy Officer J. Jioni Palmer, Acting Director, Benefits Administration and Payment Philip R. Langham Director, Budget and Organizational Edgar Bennett Performance Department Director, Corporate Finance and Restructuring Kristina Archeval Director, Facilities and Services Cathleen Kronopolus Director, Human Resources Arrie Etheridge Director, Legislative and Regulatory John Hanley Director, Policy, Research, and Analysis Neela Ranade, Acting Director, Procurement Steve Block

The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation protects the retirement incomes of American workers in private-sector defined benefit pension plans.

The Pension Benefit Guaranty the Board. A seven-member Advisory Corporation (PBGC) is a self-financing, Committee, composed of two labor, two wholly owned Government corporation business, and three public members subject to the Government Corporation appointed by the President, advises the Control Act (31 U.S.C. 9101–9109). The agency on investment issues. Corporation, established by title IV of the Employee Retirement Income Security Activities Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1301–1461), Coverage The Corporation insures most operates in accordance with policies private sector defined-benefit pension established by its Board of Directors, plans, which provide a pension benefit which consists of the Secretaries of based on factors such as age, years of Labor, Commerce, and the Treasury. service, and salary. The Secretary of Labor is Chairman of Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation 455 TMENT AND AR AND GEMENT TIONAL TMENT TMENT DEP RESOURCES AR AR MANA ANIZA OFFICER CILITIES A BUDGET DEP DEP F PERFORMANCE PROCUREMENT VICES ORG HUMAN CHIEF SER COUNSEL AL GENER AL AL TUNITIES THE EQU GENER OF OPPOR OF OR AND TMENT OR OFFICE AIRS YMENT TMENT OFFICE AND AR TIONS INSPECT AFF AR A TION DEP TMENT TIVE DIRECT A A Y DEP EMPLO Y AR POLICY T RESEARCH OR SIS T PUBLIC DEP Y A LEGISL COMMUNIC DEPU AND ANAL POLICY REGUL CORPOR Y TION ORS A TMENT OR TR AR ANT OR DEP TIONS DIRECT DIRECT A AR Y ADMINIS T OF OPER DIRECT YMENT GU A P DEPU ARD BENEFITS BO AND BENEFIT TIONS OFFICER TMENTS A AND REVIEW TMENT TMENT TMENT CTS INVES OPER A TMENT FINANCIAL AR AR AR TE OFFICER A DEP DEP DEP INVES CHIEF CONTR AFF CONTROLS PENSION T S FINANCIAL CORPOR CHIEF OF CHIEF TMENT TION AR TION TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY DEP TMENT TRUCTURE BUSINESS AR INFORMA OFFICER AS TION TION DEP TIONS AND A MODERNIZA INFR CHIEF INFORMA OPER INFORMA COMMITTEE Y VISOR TIONS OF AD FINANCE TIA TE COUNSEL A TRUCTURING TRUCTURING NEGO OFFICE RES RES CHIEF CHIEF CORPOR AND AND 456 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL The Corporation administers two terminate in a standard termination. insurance programs, separately covering The Corporation also may institute single-employer and multiemployer termination of underfunded plans in plans. More than 40 million workers certain specified circumstances. and retirees participate in nearly 26, 000 Multiemployer Insurance Under title IV, covered plans as revised in 1980 by the Multiemployer Single-Employer Insurance Under Pension Plan Amendments Act (29 the single-employer program, the U.S.C. 1001 note), which changed the Corporation guarantees payment of insurable event from plan termination basic pension benefits if an insured plan to plan insolvency, the Corporation terminates without sufficient assets to provides financial assistance to pay those benefits. However, the law multiemployer plans that are unable to limits the total monthly benefit that the pay nonforfeitable benefits. The plans are agency may guarantee for one individual obligated to repay such assistance. The to $4,789.77 per month for a 65-year- act also made employers withdrawing old individual in a pension plan that from a plan liable to the plan for a terminates in 2013. The law also sets portion of its unfunded vested benefits. other restrictions on PBGC’s guarantee, Premium Collections All defined- including limits on the insured amount benefit pension plans insured by PBGC of recent benefit increases. In certain are required to pay premiums to the cases, the Corporation may also pay Corporation according to rates set by some benefits above the guaranteed Congress. The per-participant flat-rate amount depending on the funding level premium for plan years beginning in of the plan and amounts recovered from 2013 is $42.00 for single-employer plans employers. and $12.00 for multiemployer plans. A plan sponsor may terminate a single- Underfunded single-employer plans employer plan in a standard termination must also pay an additional premium if the plan has sufficient assets to equal to $9 per $1,000 of unfunded purchase private annuities to cover all vested benefits. A termination premium benefit liabilities. If a plan does not have of $1,250 per participant per year applies sufficient assets, the sponsor may seek to certain distress and involuntary plan to transfer the pension liabilities to the terminations, payable for 3 years after the PBGC by demonstrating that it meets the termination. legal criteria for a distress termination. In either termination, the plan administrator Sources of Information must inform participants in writing Access to the Pension Benefit Guaranty at least 60 days prior to the date the Corporation is available online. TTY/TDD administrator proposes to terminate the users may call the Federal Relay Service plan. Only a plan that has sufficient toll free at 1–800–877–8339 and ask to assets to pay all benefit liabilities may be connected to 1–800–400–7242. For further information, contact the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, 1200 K Street NW., Washington, DC 20005–4026. Phone, 202–326–4000 or 1–800–400–7242 . Internet, http://www.pbgc.gov.

POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION 901 New York Avenue NW., Suite 200, Washington, DC 20268–0001 Phone, 202–789–6800. Fax, 202–789–6861. Internet, http://www.prc.gov.

Chairman Ruth Y. Goldway Vice Chairman Mark Acton Commissioners Robert G. Taub, (2 vacancies) General Counsel David A. Trissell Railroad Retirement Board 457

Director, Office of Accountability and Margaret Cigno Compliance Director, Office of Public Affairs and Ann Fisher Government Relations Director, Office of Secretary and Administration Shoshana M. Grove Inspector General John F. Callender [For the Postal Regulatory Commission statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 39, Part 3002]

The Postal Regulatory Commission develops and implements a modern system of postal rate regulation.

The Postal Regulatory Commission is statisticians, accountants, industrial the successor agency to the Postal Rate engineers, marketing specialists, and Commission, which was created by the administrative and clerical personnel Postal Reorganization Act, as amended to fulfill its responsibilities. Requests (39 U.S.C. 101 et seq.). The Commission for employment information should be was established as an independent directed to the Personnel Officer. agency in the executive branch of Electronic Access Current docketed Government by the Postal Accountability case materials are available online. Email and Enhancement Act (39 U.S.C. 501). may be sent to the Commission at prc- It is composed of five Commissioners, [email protected] or [email protected]. appointed by the President with the Internet, http://www.prc.gov/prc-pages/ advice and consent of the Senate, one of dockets-search/default.aspx. whom is designated as Chairman. Reading Room Facilities for The Commission promulgates rules inspection and copying of records, and regulations, establishes procedures, viewing automated daily lists of and takes other actions necessary to docketed materials, and accessing the carry out its obligations. It considers Commission’s Internet site are located at complaints received from interested Suite 200, 901 New York Avenue NW., persons relating to United States Postal Washington, DC. The room is open from Service rates, regulations, and services. 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through The Commission also has certain Friday, except legal holidays. reporting obligations, including a report Rules of Practice and Procedure The on universal postal service and the postal Postal Regulatory Commission’s Rules monopoly. of Practice and Procedure governing the conduct of proceedings before the Sources of Information Commission may be found in parts 3001, Employment The Commission’s 3010, 3015, 3020, 3025, 3030, 3031, programs require attorneys, economists, 3050, and 3060 of title 39 of the “Code of Federal Regulations.” For further information, contact the Secretary, Postal Regulatory Commission, 901 New York Avenue NW., Suite 200, Washington, DC 20268–0001. Phone, 202–789–6840. Internet, http://www.prc.gov.

RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD 844 North Rush Street, Chicago, IL 60611–2092 Phone, 312–751–4777. Fax, 312–751–7154. Internet, http://www.rrb.gov. Email, [email protected].

Chairman Michael S. Schwartz Labor Member Walter A. Barrows Management Member Steven J. Anthony 458 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Inspector General Martin J. Dickman Director, Administration Keith B. Earley Director, Equal Opportunity Lynn E. Cousins Director, Human Resources Marguerite V. Daniels Director, Public Affairs Michael P. Freeman Chief, Acquisition Management Paul T. Ahern Facility Manager Scott L. Rush General Counsel Karl T. Blank Director, Legislative Affairs Margaret S. Lindsley Director, Hearings and Appeals Rachel L. Simmons Secretary to the Board Martha P. Rico Chief Actuary Frank J. Buzzi Chief Information Officer Ram Murthy Chief Financial Officer and Senior Executive George V. Govan Officer Director, Field Service Daniel J. Fadden Director, Programs Martha M. Barringer Director, Policy and Systems Ronald Russo Director, Program Evaluation and Management Janet M. Hallman Services Director, Retirement Benefits Cecilia A. Freeman Director, Survivor Benefits Valerie F. Allen Director, Disability Benefits John R. Coleman Director, Unemployment and Programs Support Micheal T. Pawlak [For the Railroad Retirement Board statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 20, Part 200]

The Railroad Retirement Board administers comprehensive retirement-survivor and unemployment-sickness benefit programs for the Nation’s railroad workers and their families.

The Railroad Retirement Board (RRB) was 10 years of creditable railroad service, originally established by the Railroad or 5 years if performed after 1995, and Retirement Act of 1934, as amended (45 have ceased compensated service upon U.S.C. 201–228z-1). their attainment of specified ages, or at The RRB derives statutory authority any age if permanently disabled for all from the Railroad Retirement Act of 1974 employment. In some circumstances (45 U.S.C. 231–231u) and the Railroad occupational disability annuities or Unemployment Insurance Act (45 U.S.C. supplemental annuities are provided for 351–369). It administers these acts and career employees. participates in the administration of A spouse’s annuity is provided, the Social Security Act and the Health under certain conditions, for the wife Insurance for the Aged Act insofar as they or husband of an employee annuitant. affect railroad retirement beneficiaries. Divorced spouses may also qualify. The RRB is composed of three Survivor annuities are awarded to members appointed by the President the qualified spouses, children, and with the advice and consent of the parents of deceased career employees, Senate: one upon recommendations of and various lump-sum benefits are also representatives of railroad employees; available under certain conditions. one upon recommendations of railroad Benefits based upon qualifying employers; and one, the Chairman, as a railroad earnings in a preceding 1-year public member. period are provided under the Railroad Activities The Railroad Retirement Act Unemployment Insurance Act to provides for the payment of annuities to individuals who are unemployed in individuals who have completed at least a benefit year, but who are ready and Railroad Retirement Board 459 VICES TION OF OFFICER SER U TION TION INFORMA OFFICER BUREA MEMBER CHIEF INFORMA INFORMA CHIEF Y VICE OF VICE AR * SER U Y SER CTU A AR FIELD BUREA OF CTU THE FIELD MEMBER A OR OF U CHIEF DIRECT BUREA AMS TION A ARD OF Y AMS AMS T PROGR OR AND ALU YMENT GEMENT BO EV OF VIV TEMS VICES ABILIT S ** OFFICE MEMBER PROGR Y PROGR OR AM S SUPPOR MANA BENEFITS BENEFITS BENEFITS SER SUR DIS POLICY RETIREMENT AND UNEMPLO AND DIRECT PROGR MEMBER ARD MEMBER COMMITTEE BO CHAIRMAN GEMENT THE ABOR TIVE TION L A RETIREMENT TR MANA Y TION T EXECU AD A OF AIRS OF ADMINIS TR U AFF OF MEMBER GEMENT GEMENT RESOURCES PROPER OFFICE OR CQUISITION AILRO BUREA ADMINIS A MANA MANA PUBLIC REAL R DIRECT HUMAN AL OF d GENER the d. Boar OR COUNSEL AIRS O man. to OF T the Boar AL OFFICE APPEALS OF Y COUNSEL ely OF AFF y MEMBER ARD b Chair U the AR AL BO AND to the INSPECT TIVE GENER OFFICE A to OFFICE THE BUREA ely SECRET GENER administrativ designated ts is LEGISL Committee. HEARINGS . e epor r ogrammatically pr administrativ Officer ecutiv Y e tunity ts Committee and Ex e TIVE epor the r OFFICER ecutiv TUNIT Oppor of OF ecutiv Ex ual OF Ex EXECU Eq U AL TIONS General dministration the OPPOR A of Senior A OFFICER member FINANCIAL OFFICE of FINANCIAL as of FISC AL OFFICER e ector BUREA OPER oting SENIOR Inspector Dir EQU ector serv CHIEF CHIEF member Dir to The The A Non-v ** * 460 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL willing to work, and to individuals who contact the Congressional Inquiry are unable to work because of sickness Section. Phone, 312–751–4970. Fax, or injury. 312–751–7154. Email, [email protected]. The RRB maintains, through its For information regarding legislative field offices, a placement service for matters, contact the Office of Legislative unemployed railroad personnel. Affairs, Suite 500, 1310 G Street NW., Washington, DC 20005–3004. Phone, Sources of Information 202–272–7742. Fax, 202–272–7728. Benefit Inquiries The RRB maintains Email, [email protected]. direct contact with railroad employees Electronic Access Railroad Retirement and railroad retirement beneficiaries Board information is available online. through its field offices located across Internet, https://secure.rrb.gov/. the country. Field personnel explain Employment Employment inquiries benefit rights and responsibilities on should be directed to the Bureau of an individual basis, assist employees Human Resources, Railroad Retirement in applying for benefits, and answer Board, 844 North Rush Street, Chicago, questions related to the benefit programs. IL 60611–2092. Phone, 312–751–4580. The RRB also relies on railroad labor Email, [email protected]. groups and employers for assistance in Publications General information keeping railroad personnel informed pamphlets on benefit programs may be about its benefit programs. To locate the obtained from the RRB’s field offices nearest field office, individuals should or Chicago headquarters. Requests for check with their rail employer or local annual reports or statistical data should union official. Information may also be be directed to Public Affairs at the obtained by calling the RRB at 877–772– Chicago headquarters. Phone, 312–751– 5772 or by visiting the agency’s Web site 4777. Fax, 312–751–7154. Email, opa@ at www.rrb.gov. Most offices are open rrb.gov. to the public from 9 a.m. to 3:30 p.m., Telecommunications Devices for the Monday through Friday. Deaf (TDD) The RRB provides TDD Congressional and Legislative Assistance ​ services. Phone 312–751–4701 for Congressional offices making inquiries beneficiary inquiries or 312–751–4334 regarding constituents’ claims should for equal opportunity inquiries. For further information, contact Public Affairs, Railroad Retirement Board, 844 North Rush Street, Chicago, IL 60611–2092. Phone, 312–751–4777. Fax, 312–751–7154. Email, [email protected]. Internet, http://www.rrb. gov.

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 100 F Street NE., Washington, DC 20549 Phone, 202–551–7500. Internet, http://www.sec.gov.

Chair Mary Jo White Commissioners Luis A. Aguilar, Daniel M. Gallagher, Michael S. Piwowar, Kara M. Stein Director, Office of Legislative and Timothy Henseler Intergovernmental Affairs Director, Office of Public Affairs John Nester Director, Office of Investor Education and Lori J. Schock Advocacy Investor Advocate, Office of the Investor Rick A. Fleming Advocate Secretary (vacancy) Securities and Exchange Commission 461

Chief Operating Officer Jeffery Heslop Associate Executive Director, Office of Human Lacey Dingman Resources Director, Office of Support Operations Barry D. Walters Chief Financial Officer Kenneth Johnson General Counsel Anne K. Small Ethics Counsel Shira P. Minton Director, Division of Corporation Finance Keith Higgins Director, Division of Enforcement Andrew Ceresney Director, Division of Investment Management Norman B. Champ, III Director, Division of Trading and Markets Stephen Luparello Director, Office of Compliance Inspections and Andrew Bowden Examinations Director, Office of Credit Ratings Thomas Butler Chief Accountant Paul Beswick Chief Administrative Law Judge Brenda P. Murray Director and Chief Economist, Division of Craig Lewis Economic and Risk Analysis Chief Information Officer, Office of Information Thomas Bayer Technology Director, Office of International Affairs Paul Leder Director, Office of Equal Employment Alta Rodriguez Opportunity Director, Office of Minority and Women Pamela Gibbs Inclusion Director, Office of Support Operations and Barry D. Walters Chief FOIA Officer Inspector General Carl W. Hoecker [For the Securities and Exchange Commission statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 17, Part 200]

The Securities and Exchange Commission protects investors, facilitates capital formation, and maintains efficient, fair, and orderly markets.

The Securities and Exchange Commission numbers, and key officials, is available (SEC) was created under authority of online. the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 Internet, http://www.sec.gov/contact/addresses.htm. U.S.C. 78a-78jj) and was organized on July 2, 1934. The Commission serves as Activities adviser to United States district courts in reorganization proceedings for debtor Full and Fair Disclosure The Securities corporations in which a substantial public Act of 1933 (15 U.S.C. 77a) requires interest is involved. The Commission also issuers of securities and their controlling has certain responsibilities under section persons making public offerings of 15 of the Bretton Woods Agreements Act securities in interstate commerce or of 1945 (22 U.S.C. 286k-1) and section via mail to file registration statements 851(e) of the Internal Revenue Code of containing financial and other pertinent 1954 (26 U.S.C. 851(e)). data about the issuer and the securities The Commission is vested with quasi- being offered with the SEC. There are judicial functions. Persons aggrieved limited exemptions, such as government by its decisions in the exercise of those securities, nonpublic offerings, and functions have a right of review by the intrastate offerings, as well as certain United States courts of appeals. offerings not exceeding $1.5 million. The A complete listing of SEC regional effectiveness of a registration statement offices, including addresses, telephone may be refused or suspended after a 462 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

ETHICS COUNSEL AND OFFICE REGIONAL COMPLIANCE INSPECTIONS AN FRANCISCO EXAMINATIONS S SECRETARY EQUAL OFFICE REGIONAL SALT LAKE EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMISSIONER OFFICE CREDIT RATINGS REGIONAL PHILADELPHIA MUNICIPAL SECURITIES SUPPORT CHIEF OFFICE OPERATIONS OFFICER REGIONAL NEWYORK OPERATING COMMISSIONER MINORITY INCLUSION AND WOMEN CHIEF MIAMI OFFICE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY REGIONAL ACCOUNTANT AFFAIRS AND INTER- LEGISLATIVE GOVERNMENTAL HUMAN OFFICE RESOURCES REGIONAL CHAIR CHAIRMAN CHAIRMAN LAW JUDGES LOS ANGELES ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE OF THE INVESTOR EDUCATION AND ADVOCACY FINANCIAL OFFICE MANAGEMENT MARKETS REGIONAL FORT WORTH TRADING AND SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION INVESTOR ADVOCATE &

ANALYSIS Analysis RISK, CQUISITIONS OFFICE DENVER A REGIONAL STRATEGY INNOVATION COMMISSIONER Economic Risk ECONOMIC AND AND FINANCIAL RISK AFFAIRS INTERNATIONAL OFFICE CHICAGO REGIONAL INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT GENERAL INSPECTOR COMMISSIONER OFFICE BOSTON FINANCE REGIONAL CORPORATION GENERAL COUNSEL OFFICE ATLANTA REGIONAL ENFORCEMENT Securities and Exchange Commission 463 public hearing if the statement contains to formulate rules for the municipal material misstatements or omissions, thus securities industry. barring sale of the securities until it is The Commission oversees the self- appropriately amended. regulatory activities of the national Regulation of Investment Advisers ​ securities exchanges and associations, Persons who, for compensation, engage registered clearing agencies, and the in the business of advising others with Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board. respect to securities must register with In addition, the Commission regulates the Commission. The Commission is industry professionals, such as securities authorized to define what practices are brokers and dealers, certain municipal considered fraudulent or deceptive and securities professionals, Government to prescribe means to prevent those securities brokers and dealers, and practices. transfer agents. Regulation of Mutual Funds and Rehabilitation of Failing Corporations ​ Other Investment Companies The In cases of corporate reorganization Commission registers investment proceedings administered in Federal companies and regulates their activities courts, the Commission may participate to protect investors. The regulation as a statutory party. The principal covers sales load, management contracts, functions of the Commission are to composition of boards of directors, and protect the interests of public investors capital structure. The Commission must involved in such cases through efforts to also determine the fairness of various ensure their adequate representation and transactions of investment companies to participate in legal and policy issues before they actually occur. that are of concern to public investors The Commission may institute court generally. action to enjoin the consummation of Representation of Debt Securities mergers and other plans of reorganization Holders The Commission safeguards of investment companies if such plans the interests of purchasers of publicly are unfair to securities holders. It may offered debt securities issued pursuant to impose sanctions by administrative trust indentures. proceedings against investment company Enforcement Activities The management for violations of the act Commission’s enforcement activities and other Federal securities laws. It also are designed to secure compliance with may file court actions to enjoin acts the Federal securities laws administered and practices of management officials by the Commission and the rules and involving breaches of fiduciary duty and regulations adopted thereunder. These personal misconduct and to disqualify activities include measures to do the such officials from office. following: compel compliance with the Regulation of Securities Markets The disclosure requirements of the registration Securities Exchange Act of 1934 assigns and other provisions of the relevant to the Commission broad regulatory acts; prevent fraud and deception in the responsibilities over the securities purchase and sale of securities; obtain markets, the self-regulatory organizations court orders enjoining acts and practices within the securities industry, and persons that operate as a fraud upon investors conducting a business in securities. or otherwise violate the laws; suspend Persons who execute transactions in or revoke the registrations of brokers, securities generally are required to dealers, investment companies, and register with the Commission as broker- investment advisers who willfully engage dealers. Securities exchanges and certain in such acts and practices; suspend or bar clearing agencies are required to register from association persons associated with with the Commission, and associations brokers, dealers, investment companies, of brokers or dealers are permitted to and investment advisers who have register with the Commission. The act violated any provision of the Federal also provides for the establishment of the securities laws; and prosecute persons Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board 464 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL who have engaged in fraudulent activities Investor Assistance and Complaints ​ or other willful violations of those laws. The Office of Investor Education and In addition, attorneys, accountants, Advocacy answers investors’ questions, and other professionals who violate assists them with specific problems the securities laws face possible loss regarding their relations with broker- of their privilege to practice before the dealers and companies, and advises Commission. the Commission and other offices and To this end, private investigations divisions regarding problems frequently are conducted into complaints or other encountered by investors and possible indications of securities violations. regulatory solutions. Phone, 202–551– Established evidence of law violations 6551. Consumer information line, is used in appropriate administrative 800–732–0330. Fax, 202–772–9295. proceedings to revoke registration or Complaints and inquiries may also be in actions instituted in Federal courts directed to any regional or district office. to restrain or enjoin such activities. Internet, http://www.sec.gov/investor#. Where the evidence tends to establish U6m0RJRdUwB. criminal fraud or other willful violation Publications SEC forms are available of the securities laws, the facts are on the agency’s Web site. Other referred to the Attorney General for publications, including publications for criminal prosecution of the offenders. investors (http://www.sec.gov/investor/ The Commission may assist in such pubs.shtml), are also available online. prosecutions. For more information, contact the Publications Unit. Phone, 202–551– Sources of Information 4040. Internet, http://www.sec.gov/edgar. Inquiries regarding the following shtml#.U6my35RdUwC. matters should be directed to the Reading Rooms Registration statements appropriate office, Securities and and other public documents filed with Exchange Commission, 100 F Street NE., the Commission are available for public Washington, DC 20549. Internet, http:// inspection in the Commission’s public www.sec.gov. reference room in Washington, DC. It Contracts Information on SEC is open weekdays, except on holidays, procurement and contracting activities between the hours of 10:00 a.m. and is available from the Office of 3:00 p.m. Phone, 202–551–5850. The Administrative Services. Phone, 202– Commission maintains a library that is 551–7300. Internet, http://www.sec.gov/ open during the same hours as the public about/offices/oas.htm. reference room. Phone, 202–551–5450. Employment Applicants must apply Fax, 202–772–9326. for a particular vacancy and complete Small Business Activities Information a process of competitive selection. This for small businesses, including process does not apply, however, to information on legal obligations when attorney vacancies. The Commission runs they sell securities and on financial and a college and law school recruitment other reporting obligations when their program, which relies on campus visits securities are traded publicly, is available and student interviews. Inquiries should online. Contact the Office of Small be directed to the Office of Human Business Policy for more information. Resources. Phone, 202–551–7500. Fax, Phone, 202–551–3460. Internet, http:// 202–777–1028. Internet, http://www.sec. www.sec.gov/info/smallbus.shtml. gov/careers#.U6m2tpRdUwA. For further information, contact the Office of Public Affairs, Securities and Exchange Commission, 100 F Street NE., Washington, DC 20549. Phone, 202–551–4120. Fax, 202–777–1026. Internet, http://www.sec. gov. Selective Service System 465 SELECTIVE SERVICE SYSTEM National Headquarters, Arlington, VA 22209–2425 Phone, 703–605–4100. Internet, http://www.sss.gov.

Director Lawrence G. Romo Deputy Director Edward T. Allard, III Chief of Staff Joel C. Spangenberg General Counsel Rudy G. Sanchez, Jr. Associate Director for Operations Mariano C. Campos, Jr. Associate Director for Public and Richard S. Flahavan Intergovernmental Affairs Associate Director for Financial Management/ Roderick R. Hubbard Chief Financial Officer Chief Information Officer Jerry Klotz [For the Selective Service System statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 32, Part 1605]

The Selective Service System supplies the Armed Forces with manpower in an emergency and operates an Alternative Service Program for men classified as conscientious objectors.

The Selective Service System was The authority to induct registrants, established by the Military Selective including doctors and allied medical Service Act (50 U.S.C. app. 451–471a). specialists, expired July 1, 1973. The act requires the registration of A complete listing of the Selective male citizens of the United States and Service System’s regional offices is all other male persons who are in the available online. United States and who are ages 18 to 25. Internet, https://www.sss.gov/struct.htm. The act exempts members of the active Armed Forces and nonimmigrant aliens. Sources of Information Proclamation 4771 of July 20, 1980, requires male persons born on or after Employment Inquiries should be sent January 1, 1960, and who have attained to the Director, Selective Service System, age 18, but have not attained age 26 to Attn: SPT/HR, Arlington, VA 22209–2425. register. Registration is conducted at post Phone, 703–605–4040. Search the offices within the United States, at U.S. Federal Government’s free web-based embassies and consulates outside the job board using the link below. Internet, United States, and online at the Selective https://www.usajobs.gov/. Service System’s Web site. Procurement Inquiries should be sent The act imposes liability for training to the Director, Selective Service System, and service in the Armed Forces upon Attn: STP/LO, Arlington, VA 22209–2425. registrants who are ages 18 to 26, except Phone, 703–605–4038. those who are exempt or deferred. Publications Selective Service Persons who have been deferred remain regulations appear in chapter XVI of title liable for training and service until age 32 of the “Code of Federal Regulations.” 35. Aliens are not liable for training Internet, https://www.sss.gov/public.htm. and service until they have remained in Requirements of Law Persons seeking the United States for more than 1 year. information concerning the requirements Conscientious objectors who are found of the Military Selective Service Act to be opposed to all service in the Armed should contact the National Headquarters Forces are required to perform civilian of the Selective Service System. Phone, work in lieu of induction into the Armed 703–605–4100. Internet, https://www.sss. Forces. gov/regist%20information.htm. 466 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL AND OR OF AL AM TION LIAISON AL TICS A YMENT SIS AL Y EQU ALU HUMAN GENER COUNSEL PROGR OFFICE LOGIS INSPECT EV RESOURCES EMPLO ANAL GENER FINANCIAL / GEMENT FINANCIAL MANA CHIEF OFFICER TEM S Y OR S AL OR AFF T DIRECT OR S VICE AND AIRS DIRECT OF VERNMENT THE Y AFF T SER DIRECT OF PUBLIC CHIEF A IL I II III DEPU G , CO INTERGO GO A OFFICE REGION REGION REGION CHIC DENVER, SMYRNA, SELECTIVE TIONS A OPER ATA GEMENT D CENTER MANA ector Dir the to VICE SER AM access AREDNESS TIVE ect dir PROGR PREP with TERNA AL Officer TION mation CHIEF or OFFICER Inf INFORMA Chief Small Business Administration 467

For further information, contact the Office of Public and Intergovernmental Affairs, Selective Service System, Arlington, VA 22209–2425. Phone, 703–605–4100. Email, [email protected]. Internet, https://www.sss. gov/contact.htm.

SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 409 Third Street SW., Washington, DC 20416 Phone, 202–205–6600. Fax, 202–205–7064. Internet, http://www.sba.gov.

Administrator Maria Contreras-Sweet Deputy Administrator (vacancy) Chief Counsel for Advocacy Winslow Sargent Chief Financial Officer (vacancy) Chief Information Officer Renee Macklin Chief Operating Officer Paul Christy Chief of Staff (vacancy) General Counsel Sara Lipscomb Inspector General Peggy E. Gustafson Associate Administrator for Business Darryl K. Hairston Development Associate Administrator for Capital Access Ann Marie Mehlum Associate Administrator for Disaster Assistance James Rivera Associate Administrator for Entrepreneurial Tameka Montgomery Development Associate Administrator for Field Operations Robert S. Hill Associate Administrator for Government John Shoraka Contracting and Business Development Associate Administrator for International Trade Javier Saade Associate Administrator for Small Business Carroll A. Thomas Development Centers Assistant Administrator for Communications Frederick Baldassaro and Public Liaison Assistant Administrator for Faith Based and Sarah Bard Neighborhood Partnerships Assistant Administrator for Hearings and Delorice P. Ford Appeals Assistant Administrator for Native American Christopher L. James Affairs Assistant Administrator for Veterans Business Rhett Jeppson Development Assistant Administrator for Women’s Business Ana R. Harvey Ownership Director of Credit Risk Management Brent M. Ciurlino Director of HUBZone Program Mariana Pardo [For the Small Business Administration statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 13, Part 101]

The Small Business Administration aids, counsels, assists, and protects the interests of small business; ensures that small-business concerns receive a fair portion of Government purchases, contracts and subcontracts, and sales of Government property; makes loans to small-business concerns, State and local development companies, and the victims of natural disasters or of certain types of economic injury; and licenses, regulates, and makes loans to small-business investment companies. 468 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL PARTNERSHIPS FAIRNESS OFFICE OF OFFICE OF OFFICE OF FOR FAITH BASED AND DEVELOPMENT OFFICE OF NATIVE OMBUDSMAN AND AMERICAN AFFAIRS OFFICE OF NATIONAL VETERANS BUSINESS DISASTER PLANNING DISASTER ASSISTANCE CENTER NEIGHBORHOOD REGULATORY ENFORCEMENT OFFICE OF OFFICE OF OFFICE OF OFFICE OF PUBLIC LIAISON GENERAL COUNSEL INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS COMMUNICATIONS AND OFFICE OF CONGRESSIONAL HEARINGS AND APPEALS OFFICE OF ADVOCACY OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL AND LIAISON CONTRACTING AND OFFICE OF BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT CONTRACTING OFFICE OF POLICY,

OFFICE OF GOVERNMENT BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT • PLANNING • • OFFICE OF GOVERNMENT • HUBZONE PROGRAM OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR PROGRAM BUSINESS INNOVATION BUSINESS INVESTMENT AND INNOVATION OFFICE OF INVESTMENTS SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SMALL SMALL • RESEARCH • COMPANIES OFFICE OF CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER O FFICE OF HUMAN RESOURCES SOLUTIONS O FFICE OF GRANTS MANAGEMENT O FFICE OF EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT O FFICE OF CHIEF INFORMATION OFFICER O FFICE OF DIVERSITY, INCLUSION AND CIVIL O FFICE OF DISASTER PLANNING AND RISK OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES

• • RIGHTS • MANAGEMENT • • • •

OFFICE OF DEVELOPMENT OFFICE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL OFFICES OFFICE OF SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT CENTERS OWNERSHIP ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION FIELD OPERATIONS • • OFFICE OF WOMEN’S BUSINESS • OFFICE OF FINANCIAL OFFICER ISTRICT OFFICE OF PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT CONTROLS O FFICE OF REGIONAL D MANAGEMENT AND CHIEF OFFICE OF PERFORMANCE • • OFFICE OF INTERNAL • ADMINISTRATORS •

OPPORTUNITY FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FINANCE CENTER OFFICE OF PERFORMANCE OFFICE OF CAPITAL ACCESS AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER OFFICE OF FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE OFFICE OF INTERNAL CONTROLS OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OFFICE OF PERFORMANCE SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS OFFICE OF SURETY GUARANTEES OFFICE OF ECONOMIC OFFICE OF FINANCIAL PROGRAM OFFICER MANAGEMENT OFFICE OF PERFORMANCE AND OFFICE OF CREDIT RISK

• • DENVER • •

• • • • • •

Small Business Administration 469 The Small Business Administration (SBA) direct link to local business owners, was created by the Small Business Act State and local government agencies, of 1953 and derives its present existence State legislatures, and small-business and authority from the Small Business organizations, they help identify new Act (15 U.S.C. 631 et seq.) and the Small issues and problems of small business Business Investment Act of 1958 (15 by monitoring the effect of Federal and U.S.C. 661). State regulations and policies on the local business communities within their Activities regions. Advocacy The Office of Advocacy is For further information, contact the Office of mandated by Congress to serve as an Advocacy. Phone, 202–205–6533. Email, advocacy@ sba.gov. independent voice within the Federal Government for the approximately 27.2 Business and Community Initiatives ​ million small businesses throughout The Office of Business and Community the country. The Office is headed Initiatives (OBCI) develops and by the Chief Counsel for Advocacy, cosponsors counseling, education, appointed by the President from the training, and information resources for private sector with the advice and small businesses. It has partnered with the consent of the Senate, who advances the private sector to promote entrepreneurial views, concerns, and interests of small development. OBCI directs the national business before the Congress, the White program of the Service Corps of Retired House, and Federal and State regulatory Executives (SCORE), a resource partner agencies. of SBA. SCORE provides free counseling, The Office monitors and reports mentoring, training seminars, and annually on Federal agency compliance specialized assistance to veterans and with the Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA), active military personnel. For more which requires agencies to analyze the information, visit www.score.org. OBCI impact of their regulations on small also offers young entrepreneurs a teen- businesses and consider less burdensome business site at www.sba.gov/teens. alternatives. Small entities include small The Office of International Visitors businesses, nonprofit organizations, briefs foreign delegations, business and governmental jurisdictions. organizations, and international Executive Order 13272 requires Federal nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) agencies to take the Office’s comments on the SBA model. into consideration before proposed In addition to education and regulations are finalized and requires the training events, SBA offers an online Office to train Federal agencies on RFA management series on business growth compliance. and sustainability at www.sba.gov/library/ The Office is one of the leading pubs. national sources for information on the For further information, contact the Office of state of small business and the issues that Business and Community Initiatives. Phone, affect small-business success and growth. 202–205–6665. It conducts economic and statistical Capital Access The Office of the research into matters affecting the Associate Administrator for Capital competitive strength of small business, Access provides overall direction for jobs created by small businesses, and the SBA’s financial programs. It offers a impact of Federal laws, regulations, and comprehensive array of debt and equity programs on small businesses, making programs for startup and expanding recommendations to policymakers for businesses. In addition to lending to appropriate adjustments to meet the businesses that sell their products and special needs of small business. services domestically, the Office provides Additionally, regional advocates financial assistance programs for small- enhance communication between the business exporters in the form of loan small-business community and the programs and technical assistance. Chief Counsel. As the Chief Counsel’s 470 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL The Office also oversees a surety bond small-business procurement policies as guarantee program for small-business they relate to size standards, the Small contractors and SBA’s lender oversight Business Innovation Research Program, programs. and the Small Business Technology For further information, contact the Office of Transfer Program. Capital Access. Phone, 202–205–6657. For further information, contact the nearest Office of Government Contracting. Phone, 202–205–6459. Disaster Assistance SBA serves as the Internet, http://www.sba.gov/GC/indexcontacts. Federal disaster bank for nonfarm, private html. sector losses. It lends money to help the victims of disasters repair or replace International Trade The Office of most disaster-damaged property. Direct International Trade (OIT) supports small- loans with subsidized interest rates are business access to export markets and made to assist individuals, homeowners, participates in broader U.S. Government businesses of all sizes, and nonprofit activities related to trade policy and organizations. international commercial affairs to encourage an environment of trade and For further information, contact the Office of international economic policies favorable Disaster Assistance. Phone, 202–205–6734. to small businesses. These activities Financial Assistance SBA provides its are designed to facilitate both entrance guarantee to lending institutions and and growth into the international certified development companies that marketplace, including educational make loans to small-business concerns, initiatives, technical assistance programs which in turn use the loans for working and services, and risk management and capital and financing the acquisition of trade finance products. land and buildings; the construction, SBA’s export promotion activities for conversion, or expansion of facilities; small business combine financial and and the purchase of machinery and technical assistance through a nationwide equipment. delivery system. Export-finance products The Administration also provides small- include long-term, short-term, and scale financial and technical assistance to revolving lines of credit through SBA’s very small businesses through loans and 7(a) Loan Program, administered by a grants to nonprofit organizations that act staff of field-based export specialists as intermediaries under SBA’s microloan located in U.S. Export Assistance program. Centers (USEACs). They work with the For further information, contact the nearest Small U.S. Department of Commerce and Business Administration district office (see Field the Export-Import Bank of the United Operations below). States, and the effort is leveraged through Government Contracting SBA helps close collaboration with commercial small businesses, including small lenders, Small Business Development disadvantaged businesses, women- Centers, and local business development owned small businesses, HUBZone- organizations. certified firms, and service-disabled Available financial assistance can veteran-owned small businesses obtain provide a business with up to $1.25 a fair share of Government procurement million, with terms up to 25 years for real through a variety of programs and estate and 15 years for equipment. Export services. The contracting liaison helps Working Capital Program loans generally small businesses secure an equitable provide 12 months of renewable share of natural resources sold by the financing. For smaller loan amounts, SBA Federal Government. It works closely Export Express has a streamlined, quick with Federal agencies and the Office of approval process for businesses needing Management and Budget to establish up to $250,000. Technical assistance policy and regulations concerning includes making available to current and small-business access to Government potential small-business exporters export contracts. It assists in the formulation of training, export legal assistance, and collaboration with the 30 Small Business Small Business Administration 471 Development Centers with international employees with collateral duties as trade expertise and the Government’s international trade officers. USA Trade Information Center. For further information, contact the Office of SBA is required to work with the International Trade. Phone, 202–205–6720. Internet, Government’s international trade http://www.sba.gov/oit. agencies to ensure that small business Venture Capital The Small Business is adequately represented in bilateral Investment Company (SBIC) program was and multilateral trade negotiations. OIT created in 1958 to fill the gap between represents SBA and the Government on the availability of venture capital and two official U.S. Government-sponsored the needs of small businesses in startup multilateral organizations concerned and growth situations. The structure of with small business: the Organization for the program is unique in that SBICs are Economic Cooperation and Development privately owned and managed venture and Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. capital funds, licensed and regulated by SBA’s trade policy involvement is carried the SBA, that use their own capital plus out with the U.S. Trade Representative funds borrowed with an SBA guarantee and the Commerce Department’s to make equity and debt investments International Trade Administration. in qualifying small businesses. The Private sector input on trade policy is New Markets Venture Capital (NMVC) achieved through participation with program is a sister program focused on the small-business Industry Sector low-income areas, which augments the Advisory Committee on international contribution made by SBICs to small trade. OIT also lends support to the businesses in the United States. In Government’s key trade initiatives, addition, NMVC companies may make such as Trade Promotion Authority, the technical assistance grants to potential Central American Free Trade Area, and portfolio companies. the Free Trade Area of the Americas. The The Government itself does not make Commerce and State Departments, the direct investments or target specific Agency for International Development, industries in the SBIC program. Fund and the U.S. Trade Representative look to portfolio management and investment the SBA to share ideas and provide small- decisions are left to qualified private business technical expertise to certain fund managers. To obtain an SBIC countries. license, an experienced team of private OIT’s office in Washington, DC, equity managers must secure minimum coordinates SBA’s participation/operation commitments from private investors. of USEACs, including budget, policy, and SBICs may only invest in small businesses administration. It participates in a variety having net worth of less than $18 million of interagency trade efforts and financial and average aftertax income for the programs. OIT provides representations previous 2 years of less than $6 million. to the Cabinet-level Trade Promotion Coordinating Committee concerning For further information, contact the Investment Division. Phone, 202–205–6510. Internet, http:// trade and international economic policy. www.sba.gov/inv. It also participates on the Industry Sector Advisory Council on Small HUBZone Program The HUBZone Business International Trade and the Program provides Federal contracting congressionally sponsored Task Force on assistance for qualified small businesses Small Business International Trade. SBA’s located in historically underutilized Administrator is also a sitting member of business zones in an effort to increase the President’s Export Council. employment, capital investment, and OIT’s field offices provide a nationwide economic development in these areas, network of service delivery for small- including Indian reservations. The business exporters. Full-time SBA export Office coordinates efforts with other specialists staff 16 USEACs. Their Federal agencies and local municipal outreach efforts are supplemented by governments to leverage resources to the 68 SBA district offices staffed by assist qualified small businesses located 472 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL in HUBZone areas. The program excessive or unfair federal regulatory provides for set-asides, sole source enforcement actions, such as repetitive awards, and price evaluation preferences audits or investigations, excessive fines, for HUBZone small businesses and penalties, threats, retaliation or other establishes goals for awards to such firms. unfair enforcement action by a Federal For further information on the HUBZone Program, agency. The National Ombudsman call 202–205–6731. Email, [email protected]. receives comments from small-business Internet, http://www.sba.gov/hubzone. concerns and acts as a liaison between Business Development The Office of them and Federal agencies. Comments Business Development is responsible for received from small businesses are the 8(a) Business Development Program. forwarded to Federal agencies for review The Office assists small businesses by and Federal agencies are requested to providing access to capital and credit, consider the fairness of their enforcement business counseling, training workshops, action. A copy of the agency’s response technical guidance, and assistance is sent to the small business owner by with contracts and loans. Its primary the Office of the National Ombudsman. business development tools are the In some cases, fines have been lowered Mentor-Protégé Program and the 7(j) or eliminated and decisions changed in Management and Technical Assistance favor of the small-business owner. Program. Each of the Regulatory Fairness Boards (RegFair) has five volunteer members For further information, call the Office of Business who are owners, operators, or officers Development. Phone, 202–205–5852. Internet, http://www.sba.gov/about-offices-content/1/2896. of small-business concerns that are appointed by the SBA Administrator for Native American Affairs The Office of 3-year terms. Each RegFair Board meets Native American Affairs was established at least annually with the Ombudsman to assist and encourage the creation, on matters of concern to small development, and expansion of Native businesses relating to the enforcement American-owned small businesses by or compliance activities of Federal developing and implementing initiatives agencies; reports to the Ombudsman designed to address those difficulties on substantiated instances of excessive encountered by Native Americans enforcement; and, prior to publication, as they start, develop, and expand provides comment on the annual report small businesses. In addition, in an to Congress. effort to address the unique conditions For further information, contact the Office of the encountered by reservation-based National Ombudsman. Phone, 202–205–2417 or entrepreneurs, the Office is developing a 888–734–3247. Internet, http://www.sba.gov/ web-based resource entitled the “Tribal ombudsman. Self Assessment Tool.” It is intended to Small Business Development allow tribal nations to assess their vision Centers The Office of Small Business and goals relative to their governance Development Centers (OSBDC) provides structure, culture, capabilities, and counseling and training to existing and resources. The tool is free and will be prospective small-business owners at available online. more than 950 service locations in every For further information, contact the Office of Native State, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, American Affairs. Phone, 202–205–7364. Internet, Guam, and American Samoa. OSBDC http://www.sba.gov/naa. develops national policies and goals, Regulatory Fairness Program Congress establishes standards for the selection established the National Ombudsman and performance of its Small Business and 10 Regulatory Fairness Boards Development Centers (SBDCs), monitors in 1996 as part of the Small Business compliance with applicable Office of Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act Management and Budget circulars and (SBREFA). The National Ombudsman’s laws, and implements new approaches primary mission is to assist small to improve existing centers. OSBDC also businesses when they experience oversees 63 lead centers and maintains Small Business Administration 473 liaison with other Federal, State, and Technology The Office of Technology local agencies and private organizations has authority and responsibility whose activities relate to its centers. for directing and monitoring the It also assesses how the program is Governmentwide activities of the Small affected by substantive developments and Business Innovation Research Program policies in other SBA areas, Government (SBIR) and the Small Business Technology agencies, and the private sector. Transfer Program (STTR). The Office The Small Business Development develops and issues policy directives Center Program is a cooperative effort for the general conduct of the programs of the private sector, the educational within the Federal Government and community, and Federal, State, and maintains a source file and information local governments. The program program to provide each interested enhances local economic development and qualified small-business concern by providing small businesses with the with information on opportunities to management and technical assistance compete for SBIR and STTR program they need to succeed. It also provides awards. The Office also coordinates with services such as development of business each participating Federal agency in plans, manufacturing assistance, financial developing a master release schedule of packages, procurement contracts, and all program solicitations; publishes the international trade assistance. Special Presolicitation Announcement quarterly areas include ecommerce; technology online, which contains pertinent facts on transfer; IRS, EPA, and OSHA regulatory upcoming solicitations; and surveys and compliance; research and development; monitors program operations within the defense economic transition assistance; Federal Government and reports on the disaster recovery assistance; and progress of the programs each year to market research. Based on client need Congress. assessments, business trends, and The Office has four main objectives: to individual business requirements, SBDCs expand and improve SBIR and STTR; to modify their services to meet the evolving increase private sector commercialization needs of the small-business community. of technology developed through Federal For further information, contact the Office of Small research and development; to increase Business Development Centers. Phone, 202–205– small-business participation in Federal 6766. Internet, http://www.sba.gov/about-offices- research and development; and to content/1/700. improve the dissemination of information Surety Bonds Through its Surety Bond concerning SBIR and STTR, particularly Guarantee Program, SBA helps small with regard to participation by women- and emerging contractors to obtain the owned small-business concerns and by bonding necessary for them to bid on socially and economically disadvantaged and receive contracts up to $5 million. small-business concerns. SBA guarantees bonds that are issued For further information, contact the Office by participating surety companies and of Technology. Phone, 202–205–6450. Email, reimburses between 70 percent and 90 [email protected]. percent of losses and expenses incurred Veterans Affairs The Office of should a small business default on the Veterans Business Development (OVBD) contract. Construction, service, or supply is responsible for the formulation, contractors are eligible for the program execution, and promotion of policies if they, together with their affiliates, meet and programs that provide assistance the size standard for the primary industry to small-business concerns owned and in which the small business is engaged, controlled by veterans and service- as defined by the North American disabled veterans, which includes Industry Classification System (NAICS). reserve component members of the U.S. For further information, contact the Office of Surety military. Additionally, OVBD serves as Guarantees. Phone, 202–205–6540. Internet, http:// an ombudsman for the full consideration www.sba.gov/osg. of veterans in all programs of the Administration. 474 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL OVBD provides counseling and works disadvantaged. Assistance covers every with every SBA program to ensure that stage of business, from startup to going veterans receive special consideration public. There are WBCs in almost every in the operation of that program. OVBD State and U.S. Territory. also provides numerous tools, such as OWBO works with other SBA the Vet Gazette newsletter, Reserve and programs, Federal agencies, and private Guard business assistance kits, program sector organizations to leverage its design assistance, and training events. resources and improve opportunities Additionally, OVBD manages five for women-owned businesses to access Veterans Business Outreach Centers to Federal procurement and international provide outreach, directed referrals, and trade opportunities. OWBO also works tailored entrepreneurial development with the National Women’s Business services such as business training, Council and the Department of Labor to counseling, and mentoring to veterans, maintain the most current research on including service-disabled veterans, and women’s business ownership. reservists. These Centers provide an in- SBA has loan guaranty programs to depth resource for existing and potential help women access the credit and capital veteran entrepreneurs. The Office also they need to start and grow successful coordinates SBA collaborative efforts businesses. The 7(a) Loan Guaranty with veterans service organizations; the Program offers a number of effective Departments of Defense, Labor, and ways to finance business needs, including Veterans Affairs; the National Veterans unsecured smaller loans and revolving Business Development Corporation; lines of credit. The 504 Program provides State departments of veterans affairs; long-term, fixed-rate financing for major the National Committee for Employer fixed assets, such as land and buildings, Support of the Guard and Reserve; the through certified development programs. Department of Defense Yellow Ribbon Equity financing is available through the Reintegration Program; and other public, Small Business Investment Company civic, and private organizations to Program. The Microloan Program offers ensure that the entrepreneurial needs of direct small loans, combined with veterans, service-disabled veterans, and business assistance, through SBA-licensed self-employed members of the Reserve intermediaries nationwide. The SBA does and National Guard are being met. not offer grants for small businesses. For further information, contact the Office of For further information, contact the Women’s Veterans Business Development. Phone, 202–205– Business Ownership representative in your SBA 6773. Internet, http://www.sba.gov/vets. district office. Phone, 202–205–6673. Email, owbo@ sba.gov. Internet, http://www.sba.gov/aboutsba/ Women’s Business Ownership The sbaprograms/onlinewbc/index.html. Office of Women’s Business Ownership (OWBO) provides assistance to current Field Operations The Office of Field and potential women business owners Operations provides management and acts as their advocate in the public direction and oversight to SBA’s 10 and private sectors. OWBO assists regional and 68 district offices. It serves women in becoming full partners in as the liaison between the district economic development by providing offices, the Administration’s program business training, counseling, delivery system, and the headquarters mentoring, and other assistance through administrative and program offices. representatives in local SBA offices, A complete listing of the regional, Women’s Business Centers (WBCs), district, and disaster field offices of the and mentoring roundtables. Each SBA, including addresses, telephone WBC is tailored to meet the needs of numbers, and key officials, is available its individual community and places a online. special emphasis on helping women For further information, contact the Office of Field who are socially and economically Operations. Phone, 202–205–6808. Internet, http:// www.sba.gov/about-offices-content/1/37. Social Security Administration 475 Sources of Information Phone, 800–827–5722. Fax, 202–205– 7064. TDD, 704–344–6640. Email, Electronic Access The U.S. Business [email protected]. Internet, http:// Adviser is available online at http:// www.sba.gov/about-sba/what_we_do/ business.usa.gov/. To access the contact_sba. Administration’s electronic bulletin Public Affairs For public inquiries and board by using a modem, use one of small-business advocacy affairs, contact the following phone numbers: 800– the Office of Public Communications 697–4636 (limited access), 900–463– and Public Liaison, 409 Third Street SW., 4636 (full access), or 202–401–9600 Washington, DC 20416. Phone, 202– (Washington, DC, metropolitan area). To 205–6740. Internet, http://www.sba.gov/ access general information on the Small about-sba/sba_newsroom. Business Administration online, use the Publications A free copy of “The link below. Internet, http://ftp.sbaonline. Resource Directory for Small Business sba.gov/. Management,” a listing of for-sale General Information Contact the publications and videotapes, is available nearest Small Business Administration from local SBA offices or the SBA answer field office, or call the SBA answer desk. desk. For further information, contact the Office of Public Communications and Public Liaison, Small Business Administration, 409 Third Street SW., Washington, DC 20416. Phone, 202–205–6740. Email, answerdesk@ sba.gov. Internet, http://www.sba.gov/.

SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION 6401 Security Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21235 Phone, 410–965–1234. Internet, http://www.socialsecurity.gov.

Commissioner Carolyn W. Colvin, Acting Deputy Commissioner Carolyn W. Colvin Chief of Staff James A. Kissko Deputy Chief of Staff Katherine A. Thornton Executive Secretary Karena L. Kilgore Chief Actuary Stephen C. Goss Deputy Commissioner for Communications Douglas K. Walker Deputy Commissioner for Budget, Finance, and Peter D. Spencer Management Deputy Commissioner for Disability Glenn E. Sklar Adjudication and Review Deputy Commissioner for Human Resources Reginald F. Wells Deputy Commissioner for Legislation and Scott L. Frey Congressional Affairs Deputy Commissioner for Operations Nancy A. Berryhill Deputy Commissioner for Retirement and Marianna LaCanfora, Acting Disability Policy Deputy Commissioner for Systems and Chief William B. Zielinski Information Officer General Counsel David F. Black Inspector General Patrick P. O’Carroll Chief Strategic Officer Ruby D. Burrell [For the Social Security Administration statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 20, Part 422] 476 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

The Social Security Administration manages the retirement, survivors, and disability insurance programs that are known as Social Security; it administers the Supplemental Security Income program for the aged, blind, and disabled; and it assigns Social Security numbers to U.S. citizens and maintains earnings records based on those numbers.

The Social Security Administration (SSA) Internet, http://www.socialsecurity.gov/disabilityssi/ was established by Reorganization Plan ssi.html. No. 2 of 1946 (5 U.S.C. app.), effective Medicare While the administration July 16, 1946. It became an independent of Medicare is the responsibility of the agency in the executive branch by Centers for Medicare and Medicaid the Social Security Independence and Services, SSA provides Medicare Program Improvements Act of 1994 (42 assistance to the public through SSA field U.S.C. 901), effective March 31, 1995. offices and call centers. It adjudicates The SSA is headed by a Commissioner, requests for hearings and appeals of whom the President appoints with the Medicare claims. advice and consent of the Senate. Internet, http://www.socialsecurity.gov/medicare/. By law, the Deputy Commissioner assists in administering the programs Black Lung By agreement with the necessary to accomplish the Department of Labor, the SSA assists Administration’s mission. The Deputy in the administration of the black lung Commissioner performs duties that the benefits provisions of the Federal Coal Commissioner, Chief Financial Officer, Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969, as Chief Information Officer, General amended (30 U.S.C. 901). Counsel, Chief Actuary, and Inspector Regional Offices The Administration’s General assign or delegate to him or her. operations are decentralized to provide services at the local level. Each of Programs and Activities the 10 SSA regions, under the overall direction of its regional commissioner, Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability contains a network of field offices and Insurance The agency administers call centers. These offices and centers social insurance programs that provide provide liaison between the SSA and monthly benefits to retired and public. The Administration operates disabled workers, to their spouses and over 1,250 field offices, 35 Teleservice children, and to survivors of insured centers, 14 Social Security card centers, workers. Financing is under a system of 6 processing centers, and its Office of contributory social insurance, whereby Central Operations. These centers are employees, employers, and the self- responsible for informing the public of employed pay contributions that are the purposes and provisions of Social pooled in special trust funds. When Security programs and their rights and earnings stop or decrease because the responsibilities; assisting with claims worker retires, dies, or becomes disabled, filed for retirement, survivors, disability, monthly cash benefits are paid to or health insurance benefits, black supplement the family’s reduced income. lung benefits, or Supplemental Security Supplemental Security Income The SSA Income; developing and adjudicating administers this needs-based program for claims; assisting certain beneficiaries the aged, blind, and disabled. A basic in claiming reimbursement for medical Federal monthly payment is financed expenses; developing cases involving by general revenue, rather than from a earnings records, coverage, and fraud- special trust fund. Some States, choosing related questions; making rehabilitation to provide payments to supplement service referrals; and assisting claimants the benefits, have agreements with in filing appeals on SSA determinations of the Administration under which it benefit entitlement or amount. administers the supplemental payments for those States. Internet, http://www.socialsecurity.gov/agency/ contact/. Social Security Administration 477 AND BUISNESS AND STRATEGIC PLANNING OFFICER CHIEF PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT ANALYTICS STRATEGIC INNOVATION SYSTEMS TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND SYSTEMS OPERATIONS SYSTEMS ELECTRONIC SERVICES APPLICATIONS AND SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME SYSTEMS EARNINGS, ENUMERATION AND ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEMS ENTERPRISE SUPPORT ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING RETIREMENT AND SURVIVORS INSURANCE SYSTEMS DISABILITY SYSTEMS INFORMATION SECURITY DEPUTY COMMISSIONER, AND POLICY AND SUPPORT AND POLICY PROGRAMS POLICY EVALUATION DEMONSTRATION POLICY COMMISSIONER, SECURITY EXCHANGE EMPLOYMENT RETIREMENT DISABILITY INCOME PROGRAMS RESEARCH, STATISTICS RETIREMENT DATA PUBLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL DISABILITY RESEARCH, AND DEPUTY AND SUPPORT SUPPORT SERVICES INSPECTOR GENERAL SERVICES DETERMINATIONS COMMISSIONERS COMMISSIONER, OPERATIONS SERVICE OPERATIONS AUTOMATION PUBLIC OPERATIONS TELEPHONE CENTRAL ELECTRONIC DISABILITY REGIONAL DEPUTY LEGISLATION AND CHIEF OF STAFF COMMISSIONER LEGISLATIVE DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATIONS CONGRESSIONAL AFFAIRS DEPUTY COMMISSIONER, CONGRESSIONAL AFFAIRS DEPUTY CHIEF OF STAFF DEPUTY COMMISSIONER AND EQUAL AND SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION RESOURCES RELATIONS COMMISSIONER, MANAGEMENT RIGHTS HUMAN PERSONNEL LABOR EMPLOYEE CIVIL OPPORTUNITY LEARNING DEPUTY CHIEF ACTUARY GENERAL COUNSEL EXECUTIVE SECRETARY AND REVIEW APPELLATE OPERATIONS EXECUTIVE OPERATIONS AND HUMAN RESOURCES BUDGET, FACILITIES AND SECURITY ELECTRONIC SERVICES AND STRATEGIC INFORMATION NATIONAL CASE ASSISTANCE CENTER CHIEF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGE REGIONAL CHIEF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGE DEPUTY COMMISSIONER, DISABILITY ADJUDICATION COMMUNICATIONS PRESS OFFICER COMMUNICATIONS PLANNING AND TECHNOLOGY EXTERNAL AFFAIRS PUBLIC INQUIRIES OPEN GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS MANAGEMENT DEPUTY COMMISSIONER, AND GRANTS AND SUPPLY AND FINANCE, AND OPERATIONS POLICY AND COMMISSIONER, REVIEW IMPROVEMENT MANAGEMENT SITE QUALITY, MANAGEMENT BUDGET, FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SECURITY EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS MEDIA QUALITY FILED QUALITY OPERATIONS BUDGET ACQUISITION FACILITIES DEPUTY 478 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Hearing Offices SSA also administers a for reporting abuse, fraud, and waste. nationwide hearings and appeals program The hotline operates between 10 a.m. that provides a mechanism for individuals and 4 p.m. eastern standard time (phone, dissatisfied with determinations affecting 800–269–0271; TTY, 866–501–2101). their rights to and amounts of benefits Persons may submit allegations by fax or their participation in programs under at 410–597–0118, or by mail to Social the Social Security Act. The act allows Security Fraud Hotline, P.O. Box 17785, for administrative appeals of these Baltimore, MD 21235–7768. An online determinations in accordance with form is also available for reporting the requirements of the Administrative allegations. Internet, https://www. Procedure and Social Security Acts. SSA socialsecurity.gov/fraudreport/oig/public_ has approximately 168 hearing offices fraud_reporting/. located in the 10 SSA regions. Publications The Office of the Deputy For further information, contact the Social Security Commissioner for Budget, Finance, Administration. Phone, 800–772–1213. TTY, Quality, and Management and the 800–325–0778. Internet, http://www.socialsecurity. Office of Media Management, publish gov/appeals/about_odar.html. numerous pamphlets on SSA programs. The Administration also collects a large Sources of Information volume of economic, demographic, and Address correspondence on the following other data in furtherance of its program subjects to the appropriate office, Social mission. Basic data on employment, Security Administration, 6401 Security payments, and other items of program Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21235. interest are published regularly in the Contracts and Small Business Activities ​ “Social Security Bulletin,” its “Annual Contact the Office of Acquisitions and Statistical Supplement,” and in special Grants. Phone, 410–965–7467. Internet, releases and reports on selected topics http://www.socialsecurity.gov/oag/. of public interest. Single copies may Electronic Access Information regarding be obtained at any local office or by the Social Security Administration may calling 800–772–1213. Requests for bulk be obtained through the Internet at www. orders of publications should be sent socialsecurity.gov. to the Social Security Administration, Employment Current job openings are Center for Forms, Publications and posted on the Federal Government’s free Postal Policy, 1300 Annex Building, web-based job board at https://www. 6401 Security Boulevard, Baltimore, MD usajobs.gov/. For information on careers 21235–6401. Over 150 publications in with the Social Security Administration, English, Spanish, and other languages are use the link below. Internet, http://www. available on the SSA’s Web site. Internet, socialsecurity.gov/careers/. http://www.socialsecurity.gov/pubs/. General Information The Office of the Speakers and Films Public or private Deputy Commissioner for Operations groups and organizations can request manages SSA’s toll-free public service SSA speakers, films, and exhibits. These telephone. Phone, 800–772–1213. TTY, resources are available nationwide, and 800–325–0778. requests should be directed to a local Inspector General The Office of the Social Security office. Internet, https:// Inspector General has a toll-free hotline secure.ssa.gov/ICON/main.jsp. For further information, contact the Office of Public Inquiries, Social Security Administration, 6401 Security Boulevard, Windsor Park Building, Baltimore, MD 21235. Phone, 410–965–0707. Internet, http://www. socialsecurity.gov/agency/contact/mail.html. Tennessee Valley Authority 479 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY 400 West Summit Hill Drive, Knoxville, TN 37902 Phone, 865–632–2101. Internet, http://www.tva.com.

Chairman Joseph H. Ritch Directors Marilyn A. Brown, V. Lynn Evans, Barbara S. Haskew, Richard C. Howorth, Peter Mahurin, Michael R. McWherter, William B. Sansom, (vacancy) President and Chief Executive Officer William D. Johnson Executive Vice President and Chief External Robin E. Manning Relations Officer Executive Vice President and Chief Financial John M. Thomas, III Officer Executive Vice President and Chief Nuclear Joseph P. Grimes Officer Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Charles G. Pardee Officer Executive Vice President and General Counsel Ralph E. Rodgers Senior Vice President, Human Resources and Katherine J. Black Communications Senior Vice President, Nuclear Construction Michael D. Skaggs Senior Vice President, Shared Services Robin E. Manning

The Tennessee Valley Authority conducts a unified program of resource development for the advancement of economic growth in the Tennessee Valley region.

The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) system maintains a continuous 9-foot- is a wholly owned Government draft navigation channel for the length corporation created by the act of May of the 650-mile Tennessee River main 18, 1933 (16 U.S.C. 831–831dd). All stream, from Paducah, KY, to Knoxville, functions of the Authority are vested in TN. The dams harness the power of the its nine-member Board of Directors, the rivers to produce electricity. They also members of which are appointed by the provide other benefits, notably outdoor President with the advice and consent recreation and water supply. of the Senate. The Board designates one TVA operates the river management member as Chairman. system and provides assistance to State and local governments in reducing local Programs and Activities flood problems. It also works with other TVA’s programs and activities include agencies to encourage full and effective flood control, navigation, electric power use of the navigable waterway by production and transmission, recreation industry and commerce. improvement, water supply and water TVA is the wholesale power supplier quality management, environmental for 155 local municipal and cooperative stewardship, and economic development. electric systems serving customers in TVA’s electric power program is parts of 7 States. It supplies power to 56 financially self-supporting and operates as industries and Federal installations whose part of an independent system with TVA’s power requirements are large or unusual. system of dams on the Tennessee River Power to meet these demands is supplied and its larger tributaries. These dams from dams, coal-fired powerplants, provide flood regulation on the Tennessee nuclear powerplants, combustion turbine River and contribute to regulation of the and diesel installations, solar energy sites, lower Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. The wind turbines, a methane gas facility, 480 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL and a pumped-storage hydroelectric Boulevard, Suite 100, Nashville, TN plant; U.S. Corps of Engineers dams in 37214. Mailing address: P.O. Box the Cumberland Valley; and Aluminum 292409, Nashville, TN 37229–2409. Company of America dams, whose Phone, 615–232–6051. For information operation is coordinated with TVA’s on economic development, visit TVA’s system. Economic Development Web page using Economic development is at the the link below. Internet, http://www.tva. heart of TVA’s mission of making the com/econdev/index.htm. Tennessee Valley a better place to live. Electric Power Supply 1101 Market A healthy economy means quality Street, Chattanooga, TN 37402. Phone, jobs, more investment in the region, 423–751–6000. sustainable growth, and opportunities Electric Rates One Century Plaza, 26 for residents in the southeastern region Century Boulevard, Suite 100, Nashville, to build more prosperous lives. TVA TN 37214–3685. Economic Development takes a regional Employment For information on approach to economic growth by employment opportunities, visit TVA’s partnering with power distributors and Employment Web page using the link both public and private organizations below. Internet, http://www.tva.com/ to attract new investments and quality employment/index.htm. jobs, supporting retention and growth Library Services TVA Research Library, of existing businesses and industries, 400 West Summit Hill Drive, Knoxville, preparing communities for leadership TN 37902–1499. Phone, 865–632–3464. and economic growth, and providing Chattanooga Office Complex, LP4A–C, financial and technical services. 1101 Market Street, Chattanooga, TN 37402–2791. Phone, 423–751–4913. Sources of Information P.O. Box 1010, CTR 1E–M, Muscle Citizen Participation TVA Shoals, AL 35662. Phone, 256–386– Communications, 400 West Summit 2872. Hill Drive, Knoxville, TN 37902–1499. Maps Maps Information and Photo Phone, 865–632–2101. Records, HV 1C–C, 2837 Hickory Valley Contracts Purchasing, WT 3A, 400 Road, Chattanooga, TN 37421. Phone, West Summit Hill Drive, Knoxville, TN 423–499–6285 or 800–627–7882. 37902–1499. Phone, 865–632–4796. Publications TVA Communications, This office will direct inquiries to the WT 7D, 400 West Summit Hill Drive, appropriate procurement officer. Knoxville, TN 37902–1499. Phone, Economic Development OCP 2A– 865–632–6000. NST, One Century Place, 26 Century For further information, contact the Tennessee Valley Authority at either 400 West Summit Hill Drive, Knoxville, TN 37902–1499. Phone, 865–632–3199. One Massachusetts Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20044. Phone, 202–898–2999. Internet, http://www.tva.gov.

TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY 1000 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 1600, Arlington, VA 22209–3901 Phone, 703–875–4357. Fax, 703–875–4009. Internet, http://www.ustda.gov.

Director Leocadia I. Zak Deputy Director Peggy Philbin General Counsel Enoh T. Ebong Chief of Staff Clark Jennings Resource Advisor Michael Hillier Director, Congressional Affairs and Public Thomas R. Hardy Relations Trade and Development Agency 481

Evaluation Officer Diana Rossiter Chief Financial Officer Liz Gustafson Chief, Office of Acquisition Management Garth Hibbert Administrative Officer Carolyn Hum Grants Administrator Patricia Daughetee Regional Directors East Asia Carl B. Kress Latin America and Caribbean Nathan Younge Middle East, North Africa, Europe and Eurasia Carl B. Kress South and Southeast Asia Henry D. Steingass Sub-Saharan Africa Lida Fitts, Acting Director for Global Programs-Worldwide Andrea Lupo

The Trade and Development Agency advances economic development and U.S. commercial interest in developing and middle-income countries.

The Trade and Development Program particular expertise and resources to a was established on July 1, 1980, as development objective. These agencies a component organization of the include the Departments of State, the International Development Cooperation Treasury, Commerce, Transportation, Agency. Section 2204 of the Omnibus and Energy; the Office of the U.S. Trade Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988 Representative; the Export-Import Bank (22 U.S.C. 2421) made it a separate of the United States; and the Overseas component agency. The organization was Private Investment Corporation. renamed the Trade and Development Activities USTDA funds various forms Agency (USTDA) and made an of technical assistance, training, early independent agency within the executive investment analysis, reverse trade branch of the Federal Government on missions, and business workshops that October 28, 1992, by the Jobs Through support the development of a modern Exports Act of 1992 (22 U.S.C. 2421). infrastructure and a fair and open trading USTDA is a foreign assistance agency environment. Working closely with a that delivers its program commitments foreign project sponsor, USTDA makes its through overseas grants and contracts funds available on the condition that the with U.S. firms. The agency helps foreign entity contract with a U.S. firm to companies create U.S. jobs through perform the activity funded. This affords the export of U.S. goods and services American firms market entry, exposure, for priority development projects in and information, thus helping them to emerging economies. USTDA links U.S. establish a position in markets that are businesses to export opportunities by otherwise difficult to penetrate. USTDA funding project planning activities, pilot is involved in many sectors, including projects, and reverse trade missions while transportation, energy, and information creating sustainable infrastructure and and communications technologies. economic growth in partner countries. USTDA-funded studies evaluate the USTDA provides grant funding to technical, economic, and financial overseas project sponsors for the planning aspects of a development project. They of projects that support the development also advise the host nation about the of modern infrastructure and an open availability of U.S. goods and services trading system. The hallmark of USTDA and can be used by financial institutions development assistance has always in assessing the creditworthiness of an involved building partnerships between undertaking. Grants are based on an U.S. companies and overseas project official request for assistance made by the sponsors to bring proven private sector sponsoring government or private sector solutions to developmental challenges. organization of a developing or middle- USTDA works with other U.S. income nation. Government agencies to bring their 482 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL OR T ANTS A TR GR ADMINIS SENIOR ASIA EUR AND ASIA T EAS TIONS A ALU EV OFFICER AIRS AMS T TIONS AFF A SENIOR AFF VISOR T S AD REL PROGR THEAS COUNSEL OF AL SOU AND ASIA PUBLIC CHIEF AND GENER RESOURCE Y AND TH POLICY CONGRESSIONAL SOU CTING A GENC A CONTR OFFICER CHIEF OR A OR OPMENT DIRECT AMERIC ARIBBEAN Y C T TIN DIRECT A L AND DEPU DEVEL AND FINANCIAL OFFICER A CHIEF ADE AFRIC TR ANT TH T NOR , EUROPE T ASSIS EAS AND TIVE TION EXECU MIDDLE INFORMA OFFICER A CHIEF AFRIC AN AHAR TIVE SUB-S A TR OFFICER ADMINIS CHIEF United States Agency for International Development 483 Sources of Information business opportunities and a calendar of events on a biweekly basis. A free Requests for proposals to conduct email subscription is available online. USTDA-funded technical assistance Agency news, reports, and lists of current and feasibility studies or definitional business opportunities and upcoming missions involving review of projects events are also available online. USTDA’s under consideration for USTDA support library maintains final reports on the are listed on the Federal Business Agency’s activities. The reports are Opportunities (FBO) Web site. Links available for public review on weekdays, to the FBO postings can be found from 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. Regional at www.ustda.gov. In an effort to program inquiries should be directed provide timely information on Agency- to the assigned Regional Director or supported activities, USTDA sends out Country Manager. Phone, 703–875– an electronic newsletter with current 4357. For further information, contact the U.S. Trade and Development Agency, 1000 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 1600, Arlington, VA 22209–3901. Phone, 703–875–4357. Fax, 703–875–4009. Email, [email protected]. Internet, http://www.ustda.gov.

UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20523 Phone, 202–712–0000. Internet, http://www.usaid.gov.

Administrator Rajiv Shah Deputy Administrator Alfonso E. Lenhardt Counselor Susan Reichle Chief of Staff Margart C. Sullivan Associate Administrator Mark Feierstein Assistant Administrator for Africa Earl W. Gast Assistant Administrator for Asia Denise Rollins Assistant Administrator for Europe and Eurasia Paige Alexander Assistant Administrator for Middle East Alina L. Romanowski, Acting Assistant Administrator for Global Health Ariel Pablos-Mendez Assistant Administrator for Economic Growth, Eric G. Postel Education and Environment Assistant Administrator for Democracy, Conflict Nancy E. Lindborg and Humanitarian Assistance Assistant to the Administrator, Bureau for Food Tjada D’Oyen McKenna, Acting Security Senior Deputy Assistant Administrator, Bureau Angelique Crumbly for Management Assistant Administrator for Legislative and T. Charles Cooper Public Affairs Assistant to the Administrator, Policy, Planning J. Alex Thier and Learning [For the Agency for International Development statement of organization, see the Federal Register of Aug. 26, 1987, 52 FR 32174]

The United States Agency for International Development works to eradicate extreme global poverty and to enable resilient and democratic societies realize their potential. 484 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL The United States Agency for and capacities to facilitate broad-based International Development (USAID) is an participation. independent Federal agency established Environment Environmental programs by 22 U.S.C. 6563. Its principal statutory support two strategic goals: 1) reducing authority is the Foreign Assistance Act long-term threats to the biosphere, of 1961, as amended (22 U.S.C. 2151 particularly loss of biodiversity and et seq.). USAID serves as the focal point change in climate; 2) promoting within the Government for economic sustainable economic growth locally, matters affecting U.S. relations with nationally, and regionally by addressing developing countries. It administers shortsighted environmental, economic, international economic and humanitarian and developmental practices. Globally, assistance programs. The Administrator USAID programs focus on reducing is under the direct authority and foreign sources and enhancing sinks of policy guidance of the Secretary of State. greenhouse gas emissions and on promoting innovative approaches to Programs the conservation and sustainable use USAID works in over 100 countries of the planet’s biological diversity. The to promote broadly shared economic approach adopted to address national prosperity, strengthen democracy and environmental problems differs from good governance, protect human county to country, depending on its rights, improve global health, advance environmental priorities. Strategies may food security and agriculture, improve include improving agricultural, industrial, environmental sustainability, further and natural resource management education, help societies prevent and practices; strengthening public policies recover from conflicts, and provide and institutions; dialoguing with country humanitarian assistance in the wake of governments and international agencies; natural and manmade disasters. and environmental research and Democracy USAID promotes the education. transition to and consolidation of Global Health and Population The democratic regimes throughout the Agency improves access and quality of world. Programs focus on such problems services for maternal and child health, as human rights abuses; misperceptions nutrition, voluntary family planning, of democracy and free-market capitalism; and reproductive health. It prevents lack of experience with democratic and treats HIV/AIDS, malaria, and institutions; the absence or weakness of tuberculosis. It assists countries in the intermediary organizations; nonexistent, design and implementation of state-of- ineffectual, or undemocratic political the-art public health approaches to end parties; disenfranchisement of women, preventable child-maternal deaths and indigenous peoples, and minorities; achieve an AIDS-free generation. The failure to implement national charter Agency takes advantage of economies documents; powerless or poorly defined of scale in procurement, technical democratic institutions; tainted elections; services, and commodities. To promote and inability to resolve conflicts sustainability, the Agency helps expand peacefully. health systems and the health workforce Economic Growth The Agency by adopting and scaling-up proven promotes broad-based economic growth health interventions across programs by addressing factors that enhance the and countries. USAID also contributes capacity for growth and by working to to a cooperative global effort to stabilize remove obstacles that obstruct individual world population growth and support opportunity. Programs concentrate women’s reproductive rights. The types on strengthening market economies, of population and health programs expanding economic opportunities supported vary with the particular needs for the disadvantaged in developing of individual countries and the kinds countries, and building human skills of approaches that local communities initiate and support. United States Agency for International Development 485

UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATION DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR COUNSELOR

OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER

OFFICE OF THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT

CHIEF OFFICE OF CHIEF FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT INFORMATION OFFICER PARTNERS OFFICER

OFFICE OF EQUAL OFFICE OF OFFICE OF THE OPPORTUNITY HUMAN GENERAL PROGRAMS RESOURCES COUNSEL

OFFICE OF SMALL OFFICE OF THE AND OFFICE OF INSPECTOR DISADVANTAGED SECURITY GENERAL BUSINESS/MINORITY RESOURCE CENTER

BUREAU FOR BUREAU FOR BUREAU FOR AFRICA ASIA EUROPE AND EURASIA

BUREAU FOR BUREAU FOR LATIN AMERICA MIDDLE EAST AND THE CARIBBEAN

BUREAU FOR BUREAU FOR DEMOCRACY, ECONOMIC BUREAU FOR CONFLICT AND GROWTH, GLOBAL HEALTH HUMANITARIAN AGRICULTURE ASSISTANCE AND TRADE

BUREAU FOR BUREAU FOR BUREAU FOR LEGISLATIVE AND MANAGEMENT FOREIGN PUBLIC AFFAIRS ASSISTANCE

OVERSEAS MISSIONS 486 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Humanitarian Assistance and Post- USAID personnel and may be headed Crisis Transitions The Agency gives by employees of other U.S. Government humanitarian assistance to save lives, agencies. reduce suffering, help victims return to For information on and a complete list of USAID self-sufficiency, and reinforce democracy. overseas missions, use the link below. Internet, Programs focus on disaster prevention, http://www.usaid.gov/where-we-work. preparedness, and mitigation; timely delivery of disaster relief and short-term Sources of Information rehabilitation supplies and services; Congressional Affairs Congressional preservation of basic institutions of civil inquiries may be directed to the Bureau governance during a disaster crisis; for Legislative and Public Affairs, USAID/ support for democratic institutions LPA, Washington, DC 20523–0001. during periods of national transition; Phone, 202–712–4340. Internet, http:// and building and reinforcement of www.usaid.gov/who-we-are/organization/ local capacity to anticipate and handle bureaus/bureau-legislative-and-public- disasters and their aftermath. affairs. Overseas Organizations USAID Contracting and Small Business country organizations are located in Inquiries For information on contracting countries where a bilateral program opportunities, contact the Office of is being implemented. The in-country Small and Disadvantaged Business organizations are subject to the direction Utilization, U.S. Agency for International and guidance of the chief U.S. diplomatic Development, Washington, DC 20523– representative in the country, usually the 0001. Phone, 202–567–4730. Fax, Ambassador. The organizations report to 202–567–4740. Internet, http://www. the Agency’s assistant administrators for usaid.gov/partnership-opportunities/ the following geographic bureaus: Africa, respond-solicitation. Asia and the Near East, Europe and Employment For information on the New Independent States, and Latin employment opportunities, contact the America and the Caribbean. Workforce Planning, Recruitment, and The overseas program activities Personnel Systems Division, Office of that involve more than one country Human Resources, U.S. Agency for are administered by regional offices. International Development, Washington, These offices may also have country DC 20523–0001. Internet, http://www. organizational responsibilities for usaid.gov/careers. assigned countries. Generally, the offices General Inquiries Send questions to the are headed by a regional development Bureau for Legislative and Public Affairs, officer. USAID/LPA, Washington, DC 20523– Development Assistance Coordination 0001. Phone, 202–712–4810. Fax, and Representative Offices provide 202–216–3524. Comments, questions, liaison with various international and recommendations also may be organizations and represent U.S. interests sent online by using the link below and in development assistance matters. These completing the form. Internet, http:// Offices may be only partially staffed by www.usaid.gov/comment. For further information, contact the United States Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20523–0001. Phone, 202–712–0000. Internet, http://www.usaid.gov.

UNITED STATES COMMISSION ON CIVIL RIGHTS 1331 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Suite 1150, Washington, DC 20425 Phone, 202–376–8128. TTY, 202–376–8116. Internet, http://www.usccr.gov.

Chairman Martin R. Castro Vice Chair (vacancy) United States Commission on Civil Rights 487

Commissioners Roberta Achtenberg, Gail Heriot, Peter N. Kirsanow, David Kladney, Michael Yaki, (vacancy) Staff Director Marlene Sallo [For the Commission on Civil Rights statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 45, Part 701]

The Commission on Civil Rights collects and studies information on discrimination or denials of equal protection of the laws because of race, color, religion, sex, age, disability, national origin, or in the administration of justice in such areas as voting rights, enforcement of Federal civil rights laws, and equal opportunity in education, employment, and housing.

The Commission on Civil Rights was first complete listing of the regional divisions created by the Civil Rights Act of 1957, of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, as amended, and reestablished by the including addresses, telephone numbers, United States Commission on Civil Rights and areas served, use the link below. Act of 1994, as amended (42 U.S.C. Internet, http://www.usccr.gov/contact/regional. 1975). php.

Activities Sources of Information The Commission conducts hearings on Complaints Complaints alleging important civil rights issues, including denials of civil rights may be reported to issuing subpoenas for the production Complaints Referral, 1331 Pennsylvania of documents and the attendance of Avenue NW., Suite 1150 Washington, witnesses; publishes studies and reports DC 20425. Phone, 202–376–8513 or on a wide range of civil rights issues to 800–552–6843. Internet, http://www. inform and advise policymakers; holds usccr.gov/filing/index.php. public briefings, issues press releases, Employment Information is available makes information publicly available on the “Careers” Web page. Or, contact online, and provides a complaint the Human Resources Office, 1331 referral service to promote greater Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Suite 1150, public awareness of civil rights issues, Washington, DC 20425. Phone, 202– protections, and enforcement; and 376–8364. Internet, http://www.usccr. sustains advisory committee involvement gov/about/careers.php. in the national program planning to Publications A publication catalog strengthen factfinding. may be obtained from the Administrative Regional Programs The Commission Services and Clearinghouse Division. maintains 51 State Advisory Committees Publications are available upon (SACs), one for each State and the request. Contact the Administrative District of Columbia. Each SAC is Services and Clearinghouse Division, composed of citizen volunteers who 1331 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., are familiar with local and State civil Suite 1150, Washington, DC 20425. rights issues. SAC members assist Phone, 202–376–8105. Internet, http:// the Commission with factfinding, www.dmssearch.gpo.gov/Highlighter. investigating, and disseminating aspx?​DocId=477​&Index=​D%3a%5c​ information. The Commission seeks Websites%5c​Use​Index%5c​USCCR​&Hit​ to ensure that advisory committees Count=11​&hits=2+5+7+19+​54+56+​5c+​ are diverse and represent a variety of 8b+​4d8+4f0+4f4+​&q1=publications. backgrounds, skills, experiences, and Reading Room The National Civil perspectives. This diversity promotes Rights Clearinghouse Library is located debate and full exploration of the at 1331 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., issues. All appointments are made in Washington, DC 20425. Phone, 202– a nondiscriminatory manner. For a 376–8110. 488 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL CE CE CE CE CE OFFI N OFFI OFFI OFFI OFFI CE AL AL AL AL AL OFFI N AL MOUNTAI REGION R EGION REGION REGION REGION RESOURCES N N DIVISIO TERN REGION ROCKY HUMAN CENTRAL EASTERN WESTER SOUTHER MIDWES S RIGHT OF N FINANCE MENT UNIT CE AND DIVISIO CIVIL TING OFFI PROGRAMS L MANAGE BUDGET ON COORDINA REGIONA SION S USE ION R SERVICES N CIVIL THE COMMIS OF OF SIONER S RATIVE DIVISIO EVALUAT DIRECTO CE CE CLEARINGHO AND OFFI OFFI COMMIS STAFF ADMINIST RIGHTS STATE UNITED THE S OF COUNSEL UNIT CE RS UNIT MENT RS OFFI AFFAI PROGRAM CE GENERAL AFFAI EMPLOY OFFI IONAL UNITY EQUAL PUBLIC OPPORT CONGRESS United States International Trade Commission 489

For further information, contact the Office of the Staff Director, United States Commission on Civil Rights, 1331 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Suite 1150, Washington, DC 20425. Phone, 202–376–7700. TTY, 202–376– 8116. Internet, http://www.usccr.gov.

UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION 500 E Street SW., Washington, DC 20436 Phone, 202–205–2000. Internet, http://www.usitc.gov.

Chairman Irving A. Williamson Vice Chairman (vacancy) Commissioners Meredith M. Broadbent, David S. Johanson, F. Scott Kieff, Dean A. Pinkert, Rhonda K. Schmidtlein Chief Administrative Law Judge Charles E. Bullock Director of Operations Robert B. Koopman Director, Office of Economics (vacancy) Director, Office of Industries Karen Laney Director, Office of Investigations Catherine B. DeFilippo Director, Office of Tariff Affairs and Trade James R. Holbein Agreements Director, Office of Unfair Import Investigations Margaret D. Macdonald Director, Office of Analysis and Research James Kennedy Services General Counsel Dominic L. Bianchi Director, Office of External Relations Lyn M. Schlitt Chief Information Officer Robert N. Riess, Acting Director, Office of Information Technology (vacancy) Services Director, Office of Enterprise Security (vacancy) Management Chief Administrative Officer Stephen McLaughlin Director, Office of Human Resources Patricia R. Connelly Director, Office of Security and Support Robert N. Riess Services Chief Financial Officer John M. Ascienzo, Acting Director, Office of Procurement (vacancy) Director, Office of Finance John M. Ascienzo Director, Office of Budget Chris Swetz Secretary Lisa R. Barton, Acting Inspector General Philip M. Heneghan Director, Office of Equal Employment Altivia Jackson Opportunity

The United States International Trade Commission produces studies, reports, and recommendations on international trade and tariffs for the President, the U.S. Trade Representative, and congressional committees. It also conducts international trade relief investigations.

The United States International Trade (39 Stat. 795) and originally named the Commission (USITC) is an independent United States Tariff Commission. The agency created by the Revenue Act name was changed to the United States 490 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Y OF AL TUNIT YMENT EQU OFFICE EMPLO OPPOR Y OF GEMENT SECURIT OFFICE TION ENTERPRISE MANA THE OF INFORMA OFFICER OFFICE OF TION CHIEF VICES SER OFFICE INFORMA TECHNOLOGY Y OF ANCE T TIONS REMED A OFFICE EXTERNAL ADE OFFICE REL ASSIS OF TR OFFICE PROCUREMENT THE OF OF COMMISSION FINANCIAL BUDGET OFFICER OFFICE OFFICE CHIEF ADE OF TR FINANCE OFFICE THE OR AL OF TIONAL GENER Y INSPECT CHAIRMAN THE OFFICE COMMISSION AR OF SECRET OFFICE INTERNA T TIVE Y A OF OF TR VICES VICES TES SUPPOR A SER OFFICE SER SECURIT OFFICE T AND ADMINIS S OF HUMAN OFFICE THE UNITED RESOURCES OF COUNSEL AL OFFICE AND OF OF GENER TRIES SIS VICES Y SER OFFICE OFFICE RESEARCH INDUS ANAL OF AIRS OF OF TIONS ADE A AFF TR OFFICE OPER OFFICE OFFICE GREEMENTS AND ECONOMICS ARIFF A T T OF OF TIONS TIONS A A IMPOR TIVE TIG TIG THE A AIR OFFICE OFFICE OF TR JUDGES UNF INVES INVES W A L OFFICE ADMINIS United States International Trade Commission 491 International Trade Commission by determination is affirmative and the section 171 of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 Secretary of Commerce determines U.S.C. 2231). there is reason to believe or suspect The President, with the advice and such unfair practices are occurring, then consent of the Senate, appoints six the Commission conducts final-phase commissioners for 9-year terms, unless investigations to determine the injury or the appointment is made to fill an threat of injury to an industry. unexpired term. The Chairman and Vice Under the Uruguay Round Agreements Chairman are designated by the President Act, the Commission also conducts for 2-year terms, and succeeding sunset reviews. In these reviews, the Chairmen may not be of the same Commission evaluates whether material political party. The Chairman generally injury to a U.S. industry would continue is responsible for the administration of or recur if the antidumping duty or the Commission. Not more than three countervailing duty order under review Commissioners may be members of the were revoked. Such injury reviews must same political party (19 U.S.C. 1330). be conducted on all antidumping duty and countervailing duty orders every 5 Activities years for as long as the orders remain in The Commission performs a number of effect. functions pursuant to the statutes referred Unfair Practices in Import Trade The to above. Under the Tariff Act of 1930, Commission applies U.S. statutory and the Commission has broad powers of common law of unfair competition to the investigation relating to the customs importation of products into the United laws of the United States and foreign States and their sale. If the Commission countries; the volume of importation in determines that there is a violation of law, comparison with domestic production it will direct that the articles involved and consumption; the conditions, be excluded from entry into the United causes, and effects of foreign industrial States, or it may issue cease-and-desist competition with United States industries; orders directing the person engaged in and all other factors affecting competition such violation to stop. between articles of the United States and Trade Negotiations The Commission imported articles. The Commission is advises the President as to the probable required, whenever requested, to convey economic effect on the domestic industry its available information to the President, and on consumers of modification of the House Committee on Ways and duties and other barriers to trade that Means, and the Senate Committee on may be considered for inclusion in any Finance. The President, Congress, or the proposed trade agreement with foreign two committees mentioned can direct the countries. Commission to undertake investigations Generalized System of Preferences ​ and studies. With respect to articles that may be To carry out these responsibilities, considered for preferential removal of the Commission engages in extensive the duty on imports from designated research, conducts specialized studies, developing countries, the Commission and maintains a high degree of expertise advises the President as to the probable in all matters relating to the commercial economic effect such removal will and international trade policies of the have on the domestic industry and on United States. consumers. Imported Articles Subsidized or Sold at Industry Adjustment to Import Less Than Fair Value The Commission Competition (Global Safeguard Actions) ​ conducts preliminary-phase investigations The Commission conducts investigations to determine whether imports of foreign upon petition on behalf of an industry, a merchandise allegedly being subsidized firm, a group of workers, or other entity or sold at less than fair value injure representative of an industry to determine or threaten to injure an industry in whether an article is being imported in the United States. If the Commission’s such increased quantities as to injure or 492 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL threaten to injure the domestic industry under this provision are similar producing an article like or directly procedurally to those conducted under competitive with the imported article. If the global safeguard action provisions. the Commission’s finding is affirmative, it Import Interference With Agricultural recommends to the President the action Programs The Commission conducts that would address such a threat and investigations, at the direction of the be most effective in facilitating positive President, to determine whether imports adjustment by the industry to import or potential imports may interfere competition. The President determines if with the Department of Agriculture’s import relief is appropriate. agricultural programs or reduce the The Commission reports on amount of any product processed in the developments within an industry that has United States. After investigating, the been granted import relief and advises Commission discloses findings and makes the President of the probable economic recommendations. The President may effect of the reduction or elimination of then restrict the imports in question by the tariff increase that has been granted. imposing import fees or quotas. Such fees The President may continue, modify, or or quotas may be applied only against terminate the import relief previously countries that are not members of the granted. World Trade Organization. Imports From NAFTA Countries Uniform Statistical Data The (Bilateral Safeguard Actions) The Commission, in cooperation with Commission investigates whether, as a the Secretary of the Treasury and the result of the reduction or elimination Secretary of Commerce, for statistical of a duty provided for under the North purposes, enumerates articles imported American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), into and exported from the United States a Canadian article or a Mexican article, and seeks to compare such data with is being imported in such increased domestic production statistical programs. quantities and under such conditions that Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the imports of the article cause serious injury United States, Annotated The or (except in the case of a Canadian Commission issues a publication article) a threat of serious injury to the containing the U.S. tariff schedules and domestic industry producing an article related matters and considers questions that is like or directly competitive with concerning the arrangement of such the imported article. If the Commission’s schedules and the classification of determination is in the affirmative, articles. the Commission recommends to the International Trade Studies The President the relief that is necessary Commission conducts studies, to prevent or remedy serious injury. investigations, and research projects Commission investigations under these on a broad range of topics relating to provisions are similar procedurally international trade, pursuant to requests to those conducted under the global of the President, the House Ways and safeguard action provisions. Means Committee, the Senate Finance Market Disruption From Communist Committee, either branch of the Countries The Commission conducts Congress, or on its own motion. Public investigations to determine whether reports of these studies, investigations, increased imports of an article produced and research projects are issued in most in a Communist country are causing cases. market disruption in the United States. The Commission also keeps If the Commission’s determination is in informed of the operation and effect the affirmative, the President may take of provisions relating to duties or other the same action as in the case of serious import restrictions of the United States injury to an industry, except that the contained in various trade agreements. action would apply only to imports of Occasionally, the Commission is required the article from the Communist country. by statute to perform specific trade- Commission investigations conducted related studies. United States Postal Service 493 Sources of Information specialists and analysts, and clerical and other support personnel. For more Inquiries should be directed to the information, contact the Director, Office relevant office or to the Secretary, United of Human Resources. Phone, 202–205– States International Trade Commission, 2651. Email, [email protected]. Internet, 500 E Street SW., Washington, DC http://www.usitc.gov/employment/ 20436. Phone, 202–205–2000. positions.htm. Contracts Contact the Director, Office Publications The Commission publishes of Procurement. Phone, 202–205– results of investigations on various 2252. Internet, http://www.usitc.gov/ commodities and subjects. Other procurement/. publications include an annual report Electronic Access Commission to the Congress on the operation of the publications, news releases, “Federal trade agreements program and an annual Register” notices, scheduling information, review of Commission activities. Specific the Commission’s interactive Trade information on these publications can be and Tariff DataWeb, and general obtained from the Office of the Secretary. information on USITC are available Internet, http://www.usitc.gov/secretary/. online. Investigation-related public Reading Rooms Reading rooms are inspection files are available through the open to the public in the Office of the Electronic Document Imaging System Secretary and the USITC Main Library. (EDIS). Internet, http://www.usitc.gov/ The USITC Law Library is publicly press_room/. accessible by prior arrangement. Call Employment The Commission employs 202–205–3287 to schedule a visit. international economists, attorneys, Internet, http://www.usitc.gov/secretary/. accountants, commodity and industry For further information, contact the Secretary, United States International Trade Commission, 500 E Street SW., Washington, DC 20436. Phone, 202–205–2000. Internet, http://www.usitc.gov/secretary/.

UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE 475 L’Enfant Plaza SW., Washington, DC 20260 Phone, 202–268–2000. Internet, http://www.usps.gov.

Board of Governors Chairman Mickey D. Barnett Vice Chairman James H. Bilbray Governors Louis J. Giuliano, Dennis J. Toner, Ellen C. Williams, (4 vacancies) Postmaster General, Chief Executive Officer Patrick R. Donahoe Deputy Postmaster General Ronald A. Stroman Secretary Julie S. Moore Inspector General David C. Williams Officers Postmaster General, Chief Executive Officer Patrick R. Donahoe Deputy Postmaster General Ronald A. Stroman Consumer and Industry Affairs Vice President James Nemec Corporate Communications Vice President William Whitman, Jr. Government Relations and Public Policy Vice Sheila Meyers, Acting President Judicial Officer William Campbell Chief Marketing and Sales Officer, Executive Nagisa Manabe Vice President New Products and Innovation Vice President Gary Reblin 494 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Officers Global Business Vice President Giselle E. Valera Pricing Vice President Cynthia Sanchez-Hernandez Sales Vice President Cliff Rucker Secure Digital Solutions Vice President Randy S. Miskanic Chief Operating Officer, Executive Vice Megan J. Brennan President Delivery and Post Office Operations Vice Edward F. Phelan, Jr. President Facilities Vice President Tom Samra Network Operations Vice President David E. Williams Retail Channel Vice President Kelly M. Sigmon Capital Metro Area Operations Vice President Kristin Seaver Eastern Area Operations Vice President Joshua Colin Great Lakes Area Operations Vice President Jacqueline Krage Strako Northeast Area Operations Vice President Richard P. Uluski Pacific Area Operations Vice President Dean Granholm Southwest Area Operations Vice President Jo Ann Feindt Western Area Operations Vice President Drew Aliperto Chief Financial Officer, Executive Vice Joseph Corbett President Controller Vice President Scott Davis, Acting Finance and Planning Vice President Shawn E. Mossman Supply Management Vice President Susan M. Brownell Chief Human Relations Officer, Executive Vice Jeffrey Williamson President Employee Resource Management Vice President Rosemarie Fernandez Labor Relations Vice President Doug Tulino Chief Information Officer, Executive Vice James Cochrane President Engineering Systems Vice President Michael J. Amato Information Technology Vice President John Edgar Mail Entry and Payment Technology Vice Pritha Mehra President Product Information Vice President Robert Cintron General Counsel, Executive Vice President Thomas J. Marshall Chief Postal Inspector Guy Cottrell [For the United States Postal Service statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 39, Part 221]

The United States Postal Service provides mail processing and delivery services to individuals and businesses within the United States.

The Postal Service was created as appointed by the nine Governors of the an independent establishment of Postal Service, who are appointed by the the executive branch by the Postal President with the advice and consent Reorganization Act (39 U.S.C. 101 et of the Senate. The Governors and the seq.), approved August 12, 1970. The Postmaster General appoint the Deputy present United States Postal Service Postmaster General, and these 11 people commenced operations on July 1, 1971. constitute the Board of Governors. In FY 2013, the Postal Service had In addition to the national approximately 491,000 career employees headquarters, there are area and district and handled over 158 billion pieces of offices supervising more than 35,000 post mail. The chief executive officer of the offices, branches, stations, contract postal Postal Service, the Postmaster General, is United States Postal Service 495 INSPECTOR CHIEF POSTAL LABOR RELATIONS MANAGEMENT VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT PRESIDENT CHIEF HUMAN EXECUTIVE VICE EMPLOYEE RESOURCE RESOURCES OFFICER AREA WESTERN VICE PRESIDENT SALES GLOBAL PRICING BUSINESS SOLUTIONS INNOVATION PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT SECURE DIGITAL EXECUTIVE VICE NEW PRODUCTS AND CHIEF MARKETING AND SALES OFFICER AREA SOUTHERN VICE PRESIDENT PRESIDENT EXECUTIVE VICE AREA PACIFIC GENERAL COUNSEL VICE PRESIDENT AND POSTMASTER GENERAL SUPPLY CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PLANNING FINANCE AND CONTROLLER OFFICER MANAGEMENT AREA VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT PRESIDENT EXECUTIVE VICE CHIEF FINANCIAL NORTHEAST VICE PRESIDENT UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE SYSTEMS PRODUCT AREA OFFICER ENGINEERING INFORMATION INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT PRESIDENT MAIL ENTRY AND GREAT LAKES EXECUTIVE VICE VICE PRESIDENT PAYMENTTECHNOLOGY CHIEF INFORMATION AREA EASTERN NETWORK FACILITIES OPERATIONS OFFICER VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT PRESIDENT DELIVERY AND POST OFFICE OPERATIONS EXECUTIVE VICE CHIEF OPERATING

AREA CAPITAL CAPITAL METRO AREA VICE PRESIDENT OFFICER JUDICIAL VICE PRESIDENT CORPORATE DEPUTY GENERAL VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT CONSUMER AND INDUSTRY AFFAIRS COMMUNICATIONS POSTMASTER AND PUBLIC POLICY GOVERNMENT RELATIONS 496 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL units, village post offices, and community Sources of Information post offices throughout the United States. Consumer Information For general information 24 hours a day, call 1–800– Activities ASK–USPS (1–800–275–8777). To find In order to expand and improve service shipping rates, buy stamps, print postage, to the public, the Postal Service is track packages, locate ZIP Codes, shop engaged in customer cooperation at the Postal Store, change addresses, activities, including the development and learn answers to frequently asked of programs for both the general public questions, use the link below. Internet, and major customers. The Consumer http://www.usps.com. Advocate, a postal ombudsman, Contracts and Small Business Activities ​ represents the interest of the individual For comprehensive supply management mail customer in matters involving the information, use the link below. Internet, Postal Service by bringing complaints and http://about.usps.com/doing-business/ suggestions to the attention of top postal welcome.htm. management and solving the problems Employment General information of individual customers. To provide on jobs, including information on services responsive to public needs, the programs for veterans, may be accessed Postal Service operates its own planning, by contacting the nearest post office or research, engineering, real estate, and using the link below. Information on U.S. procurement programs and maintains Postal Inspector Service employment close ties with international postal opportunities is available at https:// organizations. postalinspectors.uspis.gov/employment. The Postal Service is the only Internet, http://about.usps.com/careers/ Federal agency whose employment welcome.htm. policies are governed by a process of Inspector General The Office of collective bargaining under the National Inspector General maintains a toll-free Labor Relations Act. Labor contract hotline for reporting fraud, waste, or negotiations, affecting all bargaining mismanagement: 1–888–USPS–OIG unit personnel, as well as personnel (1–888–877–7644); for the hearing matters involving employees not covered impaired, 1–866–OIG TEXT (1–866– by collective bargaining agreements, 644–8398). Reports also may be emailed are administered by Labor Relations or ([email protected]) or sent to the Human Resources. United States Postal Service, Office The U.S. Postal Inspection Service of Inspector General Hotline, 10th is the Federal law enforcement agency Floor, 1735 N. Lynn Street, Arlington, that has jurisdiction in criminal matters VA 22209–2020. Information on the affecting the integrity and security of the Office of Inspector General, on publicly mail. Postal Inspectors enforce more than available documents, and on certain 200 Federal statutes involving mail fraud, Freedom of Information Act documents mail bombs, child pornography, illegal is available online. Internet, http://www. drugs, mail theft, and other postal crimes, uspsoig.gov. as well as being responsible for the Philatelic Sales For information on protection of all postal employees. currently available stamps, philatelic Postal Service customers and items, and collectibles, use the link employees can file mail fraud complaints, below. Internet, http://uspsstamps.com/. find local Postal Inspection Service Publications Information on mailability, offices, and receive information on on postage rates and fees, and on other common fraud schemes by calling topics is available from the nearest post 1–877–876–2455 or using the link below. office. Most postal regulations affecting To report fraudulent mail activity, call the domestic and international mail, Mail Fraud Hotline (1–800–372–8347). purchasing, and employee and labor Internet, http://www.uspsoig.gov/hotline. relations can be found in Postal Service manuals. A wide range of publications, including Postal Service manuals and United States Postal Service 497 periodicals, are available online. Internet, located at USPS Headquarters on the http://about.usps.com/periodicals- 11th Floor. Its holdings include historic, publications/welcome.htm. legal, regulatory, and other documents. Reading Rooms Reading rooms are Phone, 202–268–2900. maintained at the library, which is For further information, contact the United States Postal Service, 475 L’Enfant Plaza SW., Washington, DC 20260. Phone, 202–268–2000. Internet, http://www.usps.gov.

Boards, Commissions, and Committees

Below is a list of Federal boards, commissions, councils, etc., not listed elsewhere in the Manual, which were established by congressional or Presidential action, whose functions are not strictly limited to the internal operations of a parent department or agency and which are authorized to publish documents in the Federal Register. While the editors have attempted to compile a complete and accurate listing, suggestions for improving coverage of this guide are welcome. Please address your comments to the Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, DC 20408. Phone, 202–741–6040. E-mail, [email protected]. Internet, www.ofr.gov. Federal advisory committees, as defined by the Federal Advisory Committee Act, as amended (5 U.S.C. app.), have not been included here. Information on Federal advisory committees may be obtained from the Committee Management Secretariat, General Services Administration, General Services Building (MC), Room G–230, Washington, DC 20405. Phone, 202–273–3556. Internet, www.gsa.gov/ committeemanagement.

Administrative Committee of the Appalachian Regional Commission Federal Register 1666 Connecticut Avenue NW., Suite Office of the Federal Register, National 700, Washington, DC 20009–1068. Archives and Records Administration, Phone, 202–884–7700. E-mail, info@arc. 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD gov. Internet, www.arc.gov. 20740–6001. Phone, 202–741–6000. E-mail, [email protected]. Internet, Architectural and Transportation www.ofr.gov. Barriers Compliance Board1 Advisory Council on Historic 1331 F Street NW., Suite 1000, Preservation Washington, DC 20004–1111. Phone, 202–272–0080, toll free, 800–872–2253 401 F. Street NW., Suite 308, or TTY, 202–272–0082, toll free, 800– Washington, DC 20001–2637. Phone, 993–2822. Fax, 202–272–0081. E-mail, 202–517–0200. E-mail, [email protected]. [email protected]. Internet, www. Internet, www.achp.gov. access-board.gov.

American Battle Monuments Arctic Research Commission Commission 4350 North Fairfax Drive, Suite 510, 2300 Clarendon Boulevard, Court House Arlington, VA 22203. Phone, 703–525– Plaza 2, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22201. 0111. Fax, 703–525–0114. E-mail, info@ Phone, 703–696–6900. E-mail, info@ arctic.gov. Internet, www.arctic.gov. abmc.gov. Internet, www.abmc.gov. 1 Also known as the Access Board. 499 500 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Arthritis and Musculoskeletal DC 20230. Phone, 202–482–5078. Fax, Interagency Coordinating 202–482–2331. E-mail, OTEXA@trade. Committee gov. Internet, otexa.ita.doc.gov/cita. htm. National Institutes of Health/NIAMS, Building 31—MSC 2350, Room 4C02, 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892– Committee for Purchase From 2350. Phone, 301–496–8190. Fax, People Who Are Blind or Severely 301–480–2814. E-mail, NIAMSInfo@ Disabled mail.nih.gov. Internet, www.niams.nih. 1401 S. Clark Street, Suite 10800, gov. Arlington, VA 22202–3259. Phone, 703–603–7740. Fax, 703–608–0655. Barry M. Goldwater Scholarship and E-mail, [email protected]. Internet, Excellence in Education Program www.abilityone.gov. Phone, 319–688–4335. Internet, www. act.org/goldwater. Coordinating Council on Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Chemical Safety and Hazard Department of Justice, Office of Investigation Board Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 810 7th Street NW., 2175 K Street NW., Suite 400, Washington, DC 20531. Phone, 202– Washington, DC 20037–1809. Phone, 616–7567. Fax, 202–307–2819. E-mail, 202–261–7600. Fax, 202–261–7650. [email protected]. Internet, Internet, www.csb.gov. www.juvenilecouncil.gov.

Citizens’ Stamp Advisory Committee Delaware River Basin Commission United States Postal Service c/o Stamp 25 State Police Drive, P.O. Box 7360, Development, 475 L’Enfant Plaza SW., West Trenton, NJ 08628–0360. Phone, Room 3300, Washington, DC 20260– 609–883–9500. Fax, 609–883–9522. 3501. Internet, http://about.usps.com/ E-mail, [email protected]. who-we-are/csac. Internet, www.nj.gov/drbc.

U.S. Commission of Fine Arts Endangered Species Program National Building Museum, 401 F 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, Room 420, Street NW., Suite 312, Washington, DC Arlington, VA 22203. Phone, 703– 20001–2728. Phone, 202–504–2200. 358–2171. Internet, www.fws.gov/ Fax, 202–504–2195. E-mail, cfastaff@cfa. endangered. gov. Internet, www.cfa.gov. Export Administration Operating Committee on Foreign Investment in Committee the United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of Department of the Treasury, 1500 Industry and Security, 14th Street and Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, Constitution Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 20220. Phone, 202–622–1860. DC 20230. Phone, 202–482–4811. E-mail, [email protected]. Internet, Internet, www.bis.doc.gov/index.htm. http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/ international/Pages/Committee-on- Foreign-Investment-in-US.aspx Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council Committee for the Implementation 3501 Fairfax Drive, D8073a, Arlington, of Textile Agreements VA 22226. Phone, 703–516–5590. Internet, www.ffiec.gov. Office of Textiles and Apparel, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, Boards, Commissions, and Committees 501 Federal Financing Bank James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation Department of the Treasury, 1500 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, 1613 Duke Street Alexandria, VA 22314. DC 20220. Phone, 202–622–2470. Fax, Phone, 800–525–6928. Internet, www. 202–622–0707. E-mail, [email protected]. jamesmadison.com. Internet, www.treasury.gov/ffb. Japan-US Conference on Cultural Federal Interagency Committee on and Educational Interchange Education (CULCON) Department of Education, 400 Maryland 1201 15th Street NW., Suite 330, Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20202. Washington, DC 20005. Phone, 202– Phone, 202–401–3673. Internet, ed.gov/ 653–9800. Fax, 202–653–9802. E-mail, about/bdscomm/list/com.html. [email protected]. Internet, culcon.jusfc. gov. Federal Laboratory Consortium for Technology Transfer Joint Board for the Enrollment of Actuaries Washington, DC Liaison Office. Phone, 240–444–1383. E-mail, gkjones. Internal Revenue Service, SE: RPO, [email protected]. Internet, www. REFM, 1111 Constitution Avenue, NW, federallabs.org. Park 4, Floor 4, Washington, DC 20224. Fax, 703–414–2225. E-mail, nhqjbea@ Federal Library and Information irs.gov. Internet, www.irs.gov/taxpros/ Center Committee actuaries/index.html. Library of Congress, 101 Independence Marine Mammal Commission Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20540– 4935. Phone, 202–707–4800. Internet, 4340 East-West Highway, Suite 700, www.loc.gov/flicc/. Bethesda, MD 20814. Phone, 301– 504–0087. Fax, 301–504–0099. E-mail, Harry S. Truman Scholarship [email protected]. Internet, www.mmc.gov. Foundation Medicare Payment Advisory 712 Jackson Place NW., Washington, Commission DC 20006. Phone, 202–395–4831. Fax, 202–395–6995. E-mail, office@truman. 425 Eye St., N.W. Suite 701 Washington, gov. Internet, www.truman.gov. DC 20001. Phone, 202–220–3700. Fax, 202–220–3759. Internet, www.medpac. Indian Arts and Crafts Board gov. U.S. Department of the Interior, Room Migratory Bird Conservation MS 2528–MIB, 1849 C Street NW., Commission Washington, DC 20240. Phone, 202– 208–3773. E-mail, [email protected]. Secretary, Migration Bird Conservation Internet, www.iacb.doi.gov. Commission, Mail Code: ARLSQ–622, 4401 North Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA J. William Fulbright Foreign 22203–1610. Phone, 703–358–1713. Scholarship Board Fax, 703–358–2223. Email, realty@fws. gov. Internet, www.fws.gov/refuges/realty/ Department of State, Bureau of mbcc.html. Educational and Cultural Affairs, 2200 C Street NW., Washington, DC 20522– Mississippi River Commission 0500. Phone, 202–203–7010. E-mail, [email protected]. Internet, fulbright. Mississippi River Commission, 1400 state.gov. Walnut Street, Vicksburg, MS 39180– 0080. Phone, 601–634–5757. E-mail, 502 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL [email protected]. Internet, President’s Intelligence Advisory www.mvd.usace.army.mil/ Board New Executive Office Building, Room Morris K. and Stewart L. Udall 5020, Washington, DC 20502. Phone, Foundation 202–456–2352. Fax, 202–395–3403. 130 South Scott Avenue, Tucson, AZ Internet, www.whitehouse.gov/ 85701–1922. Phone, 520–901–8500. administration/eop/piab. Fax, 520–670–5530. Internet, www.udall. gov. Presidio Trust 103 Montgomery Street, P.O. Box 29052, National Council on Disability San Francisco, CA 94129–0052. Phone, 1331 F Street NW., Suite 850, 415–561–5300. TTY, 415–561–5301. Washington, DC 20004. Phone, 202– Fax, 415–561–5315. E-mail, presidio@ 272–2004. TTY, 202–272–2074. Fax, presidiotrust.gov. Internet, www.presidio. 202–272–2022. E-mail, [email protected]. gov. Internet, www.ncd.gov. Social Security Advisory Board National Indian Gaming Commission 400 Virginia Avenue SW., Suite 625, 90 K Street NE., Suite 200, Washington, Washington, DC 20024. Phone, DC 20002. Phone, 202–632–7003. Fax, 202–475–7700. Fax, 202–475–7715. 202–632–7066. E-mail, contactus@nigc. E-mail, [email protected]. Internet, www. gov. Internet, www.nigc.gov. ssab.gov.

National Park Foundation Susquehanna River Basin Commission 1201 Eye Street NW., Suite 550B, Washington, DC 20005. Phone, 202– 4423 North Front Street, Harrisburg, 354–6460. Fax, 202–371–2066. E-mail, PA 17110. Phone, 717–238–0423. Fax, [email protected]. Internet, 717–238–2436. E-mail, [email protected]. www.nationalparks.org. Internet, www.srbc.net.

Northwest Power and Conservation Trade Policy Staff Committee Council Office of the United States Trade 851 SW. Sixth Avenue, Suite 1100, Representative, 600 17th Street Portland, OR 97204. Phone, 503–222– NW.,Washington, DC 20508. Phone, 5161 or 800–452–5161. Fax, 503–820– 202–395–3475. Fax, 202–395–4549. 2370. E-mail, [email protected]. Internet, www.ustr.gov. Internet, www.nwcouncil.org. United States Nuclear Waste Office of Navajo and Hopi Indian Technical Review Board Relocation 2300 Clarendon Boulevard, Suite 1300, 201 East Birch Avenue, Flagstaff, AZ Arlington, VA 22201. Phone, 703–235– 86001. Phone, 928–779–2721. TTY, 4473. Fax, 703–235–4495. Internet, 800–877–8339. Fax, 928–774–1977. www.nwtrb.gov. E-mail, [email protected]. Internet, http://onhir.gov Veterans Day National Committee Department of Veterans Affairs, 810 Permanent Committee for the Oliver Vermont Avenue NW., Mail Code Wendell Holmes Devise 002C, Washington, DC 20420. Phone, Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, 202–461–5386. E-mail, vetsday@ Washington, DC 20540–4680. Phone, va.gov. Internet, www1.va.gov/opa/ 202–707–1082. vetsday. Boards, Commissions, and Committees 503 White House Commission on 8173. Phone, 202–401–0961. Fax, 202– Presidential Scholars 260–7464. E-mail, presidential.scholars@ ed.gov. Internet, www.ed.gov/programs/ Department of Education, 400 Maryland psp/index.html. Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20202–

QUASI-OFFICIAL AGENCIES

LEGAL SERVICES CORPORATION 3333 K Street NW., Washington, DC 20007 Phone, 202–295–1500. Fax, 202–337–6797. Internet, http://www.lsc.gov.

President James J. Sandman General Counsel, Corporate Secretary and Vice Ronald S. Flagg President for Legal Affairs Vice President for Grants Management Lynn A. Jennings Chief Information Officer Peter S. Campbell Director, Office of Compliance and Lora Rath Enforcement Director, Office of Information Management John Meyer Director, Office of Program Performance Janet LaBella Treasurer and Comptroller David L. Richardson Director, Office of Human Resources Traci Higgins Director, Government Relations and Public Carol A. Bergman Affairs Director, Media Relations Carl Rauscher Inspector General Jeffrey E. Schanz [For the Legal Services Corporation statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 45, Part 1601]

The Legal Services Corporation promotes equal access to justice and provides civil legal assistance to low-income persons.

The Legal Services Corporation (LSC) is a serve every county and congressional private, nonprofit corporation established district in the Nation, as well as the U.S. by the Legal Services Act of 1974, as territories. Programs are also funded to amended (42 U.S.C. 2996), to promote address the needs of Native Americans equal access to justice under the law for and migrant farmworkers. all Americans. The legal services delivery system LSC is headed by an 11-member Board is based on several principles: local of Directors, appointed by the President priorities, national accountability, and confirmed by the Senate. By law, the competition for grants, and a strong Board is bipartisan and no more than six public-private partnership. Local members may be of the same political programs are governed by their own party. boards of directors, which set priorities LSC is funded by congressional and determine the types of cases that will appropriations and provides legal services be handled subject to restrictions set by through grants to independent local Congress. A majority of each local board legal services provider programs selected is appointed by local bar associations, through a system of competition. In 2013, and one-third of each local board is LSC funded 134 programs. Together, they composed of client representatives

505 506 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL PUBLIC OF AND DEVELOPMENT AFFAIRS OFFICER DIRECTOR OFFICE GOVERNMENT CHIEF RELATIONS SERVICES TREASURER / COMPTROLLER AND ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE OF FINANCIAL TION HUMAN DIRECTOR DIRECTOR OFFICE OF OFFICE OF RESOURCES INFORMA TECHNOLOGY OFFICE OF SECRETARY LEGAL AFFAIRS VICE PRESIDENT AND CORPORATE GENERAL COUNSEL FOR LEGAL AFFAIRS, PRESIDENT BOARD OF DIRECTORS DIRECTOR OFFICE OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT LEGAL SERVICES CORPORATION FOR MANAGEMENT DIRECTOR PROGRAM OFFICE OF PRESIDENT PERFORMANCE VICE GRANTS OR GENERAL OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL INSPECT DIRECTOR OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT COMPLIANCE AND Quasi-Official Agencies 507 appointed by client groups. Each board generating cases that private attorneys hires its own executive director. Programs are willing to accept on a contingency may supplement their LSC grants with basis. In addition, in 1996 a series of new additional funds from State and local limitations were placed upon activities in governments and other sources. They which LSC-funded programs may engage further leverage Federal funds by on behalf of their clients, even with non- involving private attorneys in the delivery LSC funds. All programs must comply of legal services for the poor, mostly with laws enacted by Congress and the through volunteer pro bono work. implementing regulations promulgated Programs that LSC funds do not handle by LSC. criminal cases, nor do they accept fee- For further information, contact the Office of Government Relations and Public Affairs, Legal Services Corporation, 3333 K Street NW., Washington, DC 20007–3522. Phone, 202–295–1500. Fax, 202–337–6797. Internet, http://www.lsc.gov.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 1000 Jefferson Drive SW., Washington, DC 20560 Phone, 202–633–1000. Internet, http://www.si.edu.

Board of Regents The Chief Justice of the United States John G. Roberts, Jr. (Chancellor) The Vice President of the United States Joseph R. Biden, Jr. Member of the Senates Thad Cochran, Patrick J. Leahy, Jack Reed Member of the House of Representatives Xavier Becerra, Thomas J. Cole, Samuel Johnson Citizen Members Barbara Barrett, Steve M. Case, John Fahey, Shirley Ann Jackson, Robert P. Kogod, Risa Lavizzo- Mourey, John W. McCarter, Jr., David M. Rubenstein, (vacancy) Officials Secretary G. Wayne Clough Inspector General Epin Christensen Director, Communications and External Affairs Evelyn Lieberman Director, Equal Employment and Minority Era L. Marshall Affairs Director, Advancement and Philanthropic Virginia B. Clark Giving Director, Government Relations Nell Payne General Counsel Judith E. Leonard Under Secretary for Finance and Administration Al Horvath and Chief Financial Officer Chief Information Officer Deron Burba Director, Accessibility Program Elizabeth Ziebarth Director, Facilities Engineering and Operations Nancy Bechtol Director, Human Resources James Douglas Director, Investments Amy Chen Deputy Under Secretary for Collections and Scott Miller Interdisciplinary Support Director, Policy and Analysis H. Whitney Watriss, Acting 508 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Officials Director, Smithsonian Institution Archives Anne Van Camp Director, Special Events and Protocol Karen Keller Undersecretary for History, Art, and Culture Richard Kurin Director, Anacostia Community Museum Camile Akeju Director, Archives of American Art Kate Haw Director, Asian Pacific American Program Konrad Ng Director, Center for Folklife and Cultural Michael Mason Heritage Director, Cooper-Hewitt National Design Caroline Baumann Museum Director, Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Julian Raby Sackler Gallery Director, Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Kerry Brougher, Acting Garden Director, National Museum of African American Lonnie Bunch History and Culture Director, National Museum of African Art Johnnetta B. Cole Director, National Museum of American History John Gray Director, National Museum of the American Kevin Gover Indian Director, National Portrait Gallery Kim Sajet Director, National Postal Museum Allen Kane Director, Smithsonian Affiliations Harold Closter Director, Smithsonian Associates Fredie Adelman, Acting Director, Smithsonian American Art Museum Elizabeth Broun and Renwick Gallery Director, Smithsonian Center for Learning and Stephanie Norby Digital Access Director, Smithsonian Latino Center Eduardo Diaz Director, Smithsonian Institution Traveling Myriam Springuel, Acting Exhibition Service Under Secretary for Science John Kress, Acting Director, National Air and Space Museum John R. Dailey Director, National Museum of Natural History Kirk Johnson Director, National Science Resources Center Thomas Emrick, Acting Director, Fellowships and Internships Eric Woodard Director, National Zoological Park Dennis Kelly Director, Smithsonian Astrophysical Charles Alcock Observatory Director, Smithsonian Environmental Research Anson H. Hines Center Director, Smithsonian Libraries Nancy E. Gwinn Director, Smithsonian Marine Station Valerie Paul Director, Smithsonian Museum Conservation Robert Koestler Institute Director, Smithsonian Tropical Research William Wcislo, Acting Institute President, Smithsonian Enterprises / Director, Chris Liedel Smithsonian Media Editor-in-Chief, Smithsonian Magazine Michael Caruso Assistant Secretary for Education and Access Claudine K. Brown

The Smithsonian Institution is an independent trust instrumentality of the United States which comprises the world’s largest museum and research complex; includes 19 Quasi-Official Agencies 509 museums and galleries, the National Zoo, and research facilities in several States and the Republic of Panama; and is dedicated to public education, national service, and scholarship in the arts, sciences, history, and culture.

The Smithsonian Institution was created Stanton neighborhood of Southeast by an act of Congress on August 10, 1846 Washington, serves as a national resource (20 U.S.C. 41 et seq.), to carry out the for exhibitions, historical documentation, terms of the will of British scientist James and interpretive and educational Smithson (1765–1829), who in 1826 had programs relating to the impact of history bequeathed his entire estate to the United and contemporary social issues on urban States “to found at Washington, under communities. the name of the Smithsonian Institution, For further information, contact the Anacostia an establishment for the increase and Community Museum, 1901 Fort Place SE., diffusion of knowledge among men.” Washington, DC 20020. Phone, 202–633–1000. On July 1, 1836, Congress accepted Internet, http://anacostia.si.edu. the legacy and pledged the faith of the Archives of American Art The Archives United States to the charitable trust. contains the Nation’s largest collection In September 1838, Smithson’s legacy, of documentary materials reflecting which amounted to more than 100,000 the history of visual arts in the United gold sovereigns, was delivered to the States. On the subject of art in America, mint at Philadelphia. Congress vested it is the largest archives in the world, responsibility for administering the trust holding more than 16 million documents. in the Secretary of the Smithsonian The Archives gathers, preserves, and the Smithsonian Board of Regents, and microfilms the papers of artists, composed of the Chief Justice, the craftsmen, collectors, dealers, critics, Vice President, three Members of the and art societies. These papers include Senate, three Members of the House manuscripts, letters, diaries, notebooks, of Representatives, and nine citizen sketchbooks, business records, clippings, members appointed by joint resolution exhibition catalogs, transcripts of tape- of Congress. To carry out Smithson’s recorded interviews, and photographs of mandate, the Institution executes the artists and their work. following functions: conducts scientific For further information, contact the Archives of and scholarly research; publishes the American Art, Suite 2200, 750 Ninth Street NW., results of studies, explorations, and Washington, DC 20001. Phone, 202–633–7940. investigations; preserves for study and Internet, http://www.aaa.si.edu. reference more than 137 million artifacts, Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum ​ works of art, and scientific specimens; The Museum is the only museum in the organizes exhibits representative of the country devoted exclusively to historical arts, the sciences, American history, and contemporary design. Collections and world culture; shares Smithsonian include objects in such areas as applied resources and collections with arts and industrial design, drawings and communities throughout the Nation; and prints, glass, metalwork, wallcoverings, engages in educational programming and and textiles. Changing exhibits and national and international cooperative public programs seek to educate by research. exploring the role of design in daily life. Smithsonian activities are supported The Museum is closed until November by its trust endowments and revenues; 2014. Programming will be offered offsite gifts, grants, and contracts; and funds and online. appropriated to it by Congress. Admission to the museums in Washington, DC, is For further information, contact Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum, 2 East Ninety-First Street, free. New York, NY 10128. Phone, 212–849–8400. Internet, http://cooperhewitt.org. Activities Freer Gallery of Art The building, the Anacostia Community Museum The original collection, and an endowment Museum, located in the historic Fort were the gift of Charles Lang Freer 510 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL MEDIA RETAIL SERVICES ENTERPRISES SMITHSONIAN HUMAN RESOURCES CORPORATE SHARED CONSUMER PRODUCTS COOPER-HEWITT GALLERIES OF ART PORTRAIT GALLERY SACKLER AND FREER SCULPTURE GARDEN AFRICAN ART MUSEUM AMERICAN ART MUSEUM HIRSHORN MUSEUM AND ARCHIVES OF AMERICAN ART UNDER SECRETARY FOR HISTORY, ART AND CULTURE AND BUDGET CONTRACTING CENTER MUSEUM HERITAGE PLANNING, MANAGEMENT AND CULTURE LATINO CENTER POSTAL MUSEUM AMERICAN INDIAN ANACOSTIA COMMUNITY FOLKLIFE AND CULTURAL ASIAN PACIFIC AMERICAN NATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY AMERICAN HISTORY MUSEUM MINORITY AFFAIRS INSPECTOR GENERAL OFFICE OF THE REGENTS EQUAL EMPLOYMENT AND INVESTMENTS SPONSORED PROJECTS INTERNSHIPS FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING ORLD CULTURES CONSORTIA ON FELLOWSHIPS AND SCHOLARLY PRESS SMITHSONIAN ARCHIVES •W • AMERICAN EXPERIENCE SECRETARY ADMINISTRATION FOR FINANCE AND FOR FINANCE AND UNDER SECRETARY FINANCIAL OFFICER FOR COLLECTIONS AND ADMINISTRATION / CHIEF BOARD OF REGENTS DEPUTY UNDER SECRETARY DEPUTY UNDER SECRETARY INTERDISCIPLINARY SUPPORT AND OPERATIONS PROGRAM EXHIBITS CENTRAL HUMAN RESOURCES CONSORTIA ON FACILITIES, ENGINEERING UNIVERSE • • BIODIVERSITY NATIONAL COLLECTIONS SMITHSONIAN LIBRARIES INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION CENTER INSTITUTE INSTITUTE POLICY AND ANALYSIS, OBSERVATORY ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS: ASTROPHYSICAL GENERAL COUNSEL CHIEF INFORMATION OFFICER OMBUDSMAN, ACCESSIBILITY TROPICAL RESEARCH MUSEUM CONSERVATION ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH SCIENCE UNDER SECRETARY FOR AND PROTOCOL PUBLIC AFFAIRS SPECIAL EVENTS VISITOR SERVICES EXTERNAL AFFAIRS GOVERNMENT RELATIONS AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM COMMUNICATIONS AND NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK ACCESS SERVICE CENTER INDIVIDUAL GIVING ADVANCEMENT NATIONAL CAMPAIGN AND DIGITAL SCIENCE EDUCATION INSTITUTIONAL GIVING TRAVELING EXHIBITION ASSOCIATES PROGRAM AFFILIATIONS PROGRAM CENTER FOR LEARNING ADVANCEMENT SERVICES OPERATIONS AND SYSTEMS EDUCATION AND ACCESS ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR Quasi-Official Agencies 511 (1854–1919). The Gallery houses one of of St. Louis, a Moon rock, and Apollo the world’s most renowned collections spacecraft. The exhibitions and study of Asian art, an important group of collections record the human conquest ancient Egyptian glass, early Christian of the air from its beginnings to recent manuscripts, and works by 19th- and achievements. The principal areas in early 20th-century American artists. The which work is concentrated include flight objects in the Asian collection represent craft of all types, spaceflight vehicles, and the arts of East Asia, the Near East, and propulsion systems. The Museum’s IMAX South and Southeast Asia, including Theater and the 70-foot domed Einstein paintings, manuscripts, scrolls, screens, Planetarium are popular attractions. The ceramics, metalwork, glass, jade, Museum’s Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center, lacquer, and sculpture. Members of the at Washington Dulles International staff conduct research on objects in the Airport, opened in December 2003. Its collection and publish results in scholarly featured artifacts include a space shuttle journals and books for general and and the Enola Gay B–29 World War II scholarly audiences. bomber. For further information, contact the Freer Gallery For further information, contact the National Air of Art, Jefferson Drive at Twelfth Street SW., and Space Museum, Sixth Street and Independence Washington, DC 20560. Phone, 202–633–1000. Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20560. Phone, Internet, http://www.asia.si.edu. 202–633–1000. Internet, http://airandspace.si.edu. Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture National Museum of African Art This Garden From cubism to minimalism, is the only art museum in the United the Museum houses major collections States dedicated exclusively to portraying of modern and contemporary art. The the creative visual traditions of Africa. nucleus of the collection is the gift and Its research components, collection, bequest of Joseph H. Hirshhorn (1899– exhibitions, and public programs 1981). Supplementing the permanent establish the Museum as a primary source collection are loan exhibitions. The for the examination and discovery of the Museum houses a collection research arts and culture of Africa. The collection facility, a specialized art library, and includes works in wood, metal, fired a photographic archive, available for clay, ivory, and fiber. The Eliot Elisofon consultation by prior appointment. The Photographic Archives includes slides, outdoor sculpture garden is located photos, and film segments on Africa. nearby on the National Mall. There There is also a specialized library. is an active program of public service For further information, contact the National and education, including docent tours, Museum of African Art, 950 Independence Avenue lectures on contemporary art and artists, SW., Washington, DC 20560. Phone, 202–633–1000. and films of historic and artistic interest. Internet, http://africa.si.edu. For further information, contact the Hirshhorn National Museum of African American Museum and Sculpture Garden, Seventh Street and History and Culture The Museum was Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20560. established in 2003 and will be the only Phone, 202–633–1000. Internet, http://www. hirshhorn.si.edu. national museum devoted exclusively to the documentation of African American National Air and Space Museum ​ life, art, history, and culture. Scheduled Created to memorialize the development for completion in 2016, the Museum and achievements of aviation and will be built on the National Mall on a spaceflight, the Museum collects, 5-acre tract adjacent to the Washington displays, and preserves aeronautical Monument. In the meantime, the and space flight artifacts of historical Museum has exhibition space on the significance as well as documentary and second floor of the National Museum of artistic materials related to air and space. American History. Among its artifacts are full-size planes, For further information, contact the National models, and instruments. Highlights Museum of African American History and Culture, of the collection include the Wright Capital Gallery, Suite 7001, 600 Maryland Avenue brothers’ Flyer, Charles Lindbergh’s Spirit 512 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL SW., Washington, DC 20024. Phone, 202–633–1000. the Nation’s past. The Museum’s Internet, http://www.nmaahc.si.edu. exhibits provide a unique view of the Smithsonian American Art Museum ​ American experience. Emphasis is The Museum’s art collection spans placed upon innovative individuals centuries of American painting, sculpture, representing a wide range of cultures, folk art, photography, and graphic art. A who have shaped our heritage, and upon major center for research in American science and the remaking of our world art, the Museum has contributed to through technology. Exhibits draw upon such resources as the Inventory of strong collections in the sciences and American Paintings Executed Before engineering, agriculture, manufacturing, 1914, the Smithsonian Art Index, and the transportation, political memorabilia, Inventory of American Sculpture. The costumes, musical instruments, coins, library, shared with the National Portrait Armed Forces history, photography, Gallery, contains volumes on art, history, computers, ceramics, and glass. Classic and biography, with special emphasis cars, icons of the American Presidency, on the United States. The Donald W. First Ladies’ gowns, the Star-Spangled Reynolds Center for American Art and Banner flag, Whitney’s cotton gin, Portraiture is home to the Smithsonian Morse’s telegraph, the John Bull American Art Museum, the National locomotive, Dorothy’s ruby slippers from Portrait Gallery, and the Archives of “The Wizard of Oz,” and other American American Art. Hundreds of images from icons are highlights of the collection. The the collection and extensive information West Wing of the Museum is closed for on its collections, publications, and renovation until 2015. activities are available electronically on For further information, contact the National the Museum’s Web site. Museum of American History, Fourteenth Street and Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20560. For further information, contact the Smithsonian Phone, 202–633–1000. Internet, http://www. American Art Museum, Eighth and F Streets NW., americanhistory.si.edu. Washington, DC 20006. Phone, 202–633–1000. Internet, http://www.americanart.si.edu. National Museum of the American Renwick Gallery The Gallery, a Indian The Museum was established in branch of the Smithsonian American 1989, and the building on the National Art Museum, is dedicated to exhibiting Mall opened September 2004. Much crafts of all periods and to collecting of the collection of the Museum is 20th-century American crafts. It offers comprised of the collection of the former changing exhibitions of American crafts Heye Foundation in New York City. It is and decorative arts, both historical an institution of living cultures dedicated and contemporary, and a rotating to the collection, preservation, study, selection from its permanent collection. and exhibition of the life, languages, The Gallery’s grand salon is elegantly literature, history, and arts of the Native furnished in the Victorian style of the peoples of the Americas. Highlights 1860s and 1870s. The Gallery closes for include Northwest Coast carvings; a 2-year renovation beginning in early dance masks; pottery and weaving 2014. from the Southwest; painted hides and garments from the North American For further information, contact the Renwick Plains; goldwork of the Aztecs, Incas, and Gallery, Seventeenth Street and Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20006. Phone, Maya; and Amazonian featherwork. The 202–633–1000. Internet, http://www.americanart. National Museum of the American Indian si.edu/renwick. also operates the George Gustav Heye National Museum of American History ​ Center at the Alexander Hamilton U.S. In pursuit of its fundamental mission Custom House in New York City. to inspire a broader understanding of For further information, contact the National the United States and its people, the Museum of the American Indian, Fourth Street and Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC Museum provides learning opportunities, 20560. Phone, 202–633–1000. Internet, http:// stimulates the imagination of visitors, americanindian.si.edu. and presents challenging ideas about Quasi-Official Agencies 513 National Museum of Natural History ​ programs. The Gallery shares a large Dedicated to understanding the natural library with the Smithsonian American world and the place of humans in it, Art Museum and the Archives of the Museum’s permanent exhibitions American Art. The education department focus on human cultures, Earth sciences, offers public programs; outreach biology, and anthropology, with the most programs for adult groups; and walk-in popular displays featuring gem stones and group tours. such as the Hope Diamond, dinosaurs, For further information, contact the National insects, marine ecosystems, birds, Portrait Gallery, Eighth and F Streets NW., and mammals. In 2010, the Museum Washington, DC 20001. Phone, 202–633–1000. celebrated its 100th anniversary with the Internet, http://www.npg.si.edu. opening of a new permanent exhibition, National Postal Museum The Museum the David H. Koch Hall of Human houses the Nation’s postal history and Origins. An IMAX theater offers large- philatelic collection, the largest of its kind format films. The Museum’s encyclopedic in the world, with more than 13 million collections comprise more than 126 objects. The Museum is devoted to the million specimens, making the Museum history of America’s mail service, and one of the world’s foremost facilities for major galleries include exhibits on mail natural history research. The Museum’s service in colonial times and during the seven departments are anthropology, Civil War, the Pony Express, modern mail botany, entomology, invertebrate service, automation, mail transportation, zoology, mineral sciences, paleobiology, and the art of letters, as well as displays and vertebrate zoology. Doctorate-level of the Museum’s priceless stamp staff researchers ensure the continued collection. Highlights include three mail growth and value of the collection by planes, a replica of a railway mail car, conducting studies in the field and displays of historic letters, handcrafted laboratory. mail boxes, and rare U.S. and foreign- For further information, contact the National issue stamps and covers. The Museum Museum of Natural History, Tenth Street and opened its newest permanent gallery, Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20560. the William H. Gross Stamp Gallery, in Phone, 202–633–1000. Internet, http://www.mnh. si.edu. September 2013. For further information, contact the National Postal National Portrait Gallery The Gallery Museum, 2 Massachusetts Avenue NE., Washington, was established in 1962 for the exhibition DC 20001. Phone, 202–633–1000. Internet, http:// and study of portraiture depicting men postalmuseum.si.edu. and women who have made significant National Zoological Park The National contributions to the history, development, Zoo is an international leader in wildlife and culture of the United States. The conservation, education, and research. Gallery contains more than 19,000 Home to more than 2,000 animals, the works, including photographs and glass Zoo encompasses 163 acres along Rock negatives. The first floor of the Gallery Creek Park in Northwest Washington. is devoted to changing exhibitions from Exhibits include the David M. Rubenstein the Gallery’s collection of paintings, Family Giant Panda Habitat, where the sculpture, prints, photographs, and giant pandas Mei Xiang and Tian Tian drawings as well as to special portrait reside with their cub Bao Bao. Built to collections. Featured on the second mimic the animals’ natural habitat in floor are the permanent collection of China, it is part of the Zoo’s Asia Trail, portraits of eminent Americans and the which also takes visitors through the Hall of Presidents, including the famous habitats of red pandas, Asian small- Gilbert Stuart portrait-from-life of George clawed otters, fishing cats, sloth bears, Washington. The two-story American and clouded leopards. Other highlights Victorian Renaissance Great Hall on include the Elephant Trails, home to the third floor of the Gallery houses and the Asian elephant Kandula, who was exhibit of 20th century Americans and born at the Zoo in 2001; Amazonia, a is used for special events and public 15,000-square-foot rain forest habitat; 514 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL the Reptile Discovery Center, featuring Smithsonian Institution Archives The African pancake tortoises and the world’s Smithsonian Institution Archives largest lizards, Komodo dragons; and acquires, preserves, and makes available the Great Ape House, home to gorillas, for research the official records of the orangutans, and other primates. Smithsonian Institution and the papers of For further information, contact the National Zoo, individuals and organizations associated 3001 Connecticut Avenue NW., Washington, DC with the Institution or with its work. 20008. Phone, 202- 633–4888. Internet, http:// These holdings document the growth of nationalzoo.si.edu. the Smithsonian and the development of Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage ​ American science, history, and art. The Center is responsible for research, For further information, contact the Smithsonian documentation, and presentation of Institution Archives, Capital Gallery, Suite 3000, grassroots cultural traditions. It maintains 600 Maryland Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20024. Phone, 202–633–5870. Internet, http://siarchives. a documentary collection and produces si.edu/. Smithsonian Folkways Recordings, educational materials, documentary Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory ​ films, publications, and traveling exhibits, The Smithsonian Astrophysical as well as the annual Smithsonian Folklife Observatory and the Harvard College Festival on the National Mall. Recent Observatory have coordinated research Folklife festivals have featured a range of activities under a single director American music styles, a number of State in a cooperative venture, Harvard- tributes, and performers from around the Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. world. Admission to the festival is free. The Center’s research activities are The 2-week program includes Fourth of organized in the following areas of study: July activities on the National Mall. atomic and molecular physics, radio and geoastronomy, high-energy astrophysics, For further information, contact the Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage, Capital Gallery, Suite optical and infrared astronomy, planetary 2001, 600 Maryland Avenue SW., Washington, DC sciences, solar and stellar physics, 20024. Phone, 202–633–1000. Internet, http://www. and theoretical astrophysics. Research folklife.si.edu. results are published in the Center Arthur M. Sackler Gallery This Asian Preprint Series and other technical and art museum opened in 1987 on the nontechnical bulletins and distributed National Mall. Changing exhibitions to scientific and educational institutions drawn from major collections in the around the world. United States and abroad, as well as For more information, contact the Smithsonian from the permanent holdings of the Astrophysical Observatory, 60 Garden Street, Sackler Gallery, are displayed in the Cambridge, MA 02138. Phone, 617–495–7463. Internet, http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/sao. distinctive below-ground museum. The Gallery’s growing permanent collection Smithsonian Museum Conservation is founded on a group of art objects from Institute The Institute researches China, South and Southeast Asia, and the preservation, conservation, and technical ancient Near East that were given to the study and analysis of collection Smithsonian by Arthur M. Sackler (1913– materials. Its researchers investigate the 1987). The Museum’s current collection chemical and physical processes that features Persian manuscripts; Japanese are involved in the care of art, artifacts, paintings; ceramics, prints, and textiles; and specimens and attempt to formulate sculptures from India; and paintings and conditions and procedures for storage, metalware from China, Korea, Japan, and exhibit, and stabilization that optimize Southeast Asia. The Sackler Gallery is the preservation of these objects. In connected by an underground exhibition interdisciplinary collaborations with space to the neighboring Freer Gallery. archeologists, anthropologists, and art For further information, contact the Arthur M. historians, natural and physical scientists Sackler Gallery, 1050 Independence Avenue SW., study and analyze objects from the Washington, DC 20560. Phone, 202–633–1000. collections and related materials to Internet, http://www.asia.si.edu. Quasi-Official Agencies 515 expand knowledge and understanding of of fishkills, including Pfiesteria and other their historical and scientific context. organisms. For further information, contact the Museum For further information, contact the Smithsonian Conservation Institute, Museum Support Center, Marine Station at Fort Pierce, 701 Seaway Drive, Suitland, MD 20746. Phone, 301–238–1240. Fort Pierce, FL 34949. Phone, 772–462–6220. Internet, http://www.si.edu/mci. Internet, http://www.sms.si.edu. Smithsonian Environmental Research Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Center (SERC) The Center is the (STRI) The Institute is a research leading national research center for organization for advanced studies of understanding environmental issues in tropical ecosystems. Headquartered in the coastal zone. SERC is dedicated to the Republic of Panama, STRI maintains increasing knowledge of the biological extensive facilities in the Western and physical processes that sustain life Hemisphere tropics. It is the base of a on Earth. The Center, located near the corps of tropical researchers who study Chesapeake Bay, trains future generations the evolution, behavior, ecology, and of scientists to address ecological history of tropical species of systems questions of the Nation and the globe. ranging from coral reefs to rain forests. For further information, contact the Smithsonian For further information, contact the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Tropical Research Institute, 1100 Jefferson Drive Road, Edgewater, MD 21037. Phone, 443–482– SW., Suite 3123, Washington, DC 20560. Phone, 2200. Internet, http://www.serc.si.edu. 202–633–4700. Phone (Panama), 011–507–212– 8000. Internet, http://www.stri.org. Smithsonian Libraries The Smithsonian Institution Libraries include more than 1 Sources of Information million volumes (among them, 40,000 rare books) with strengths in natural Contracts and Small Business Activities ​ history, art, science, humanities, and Information regarding procurement of museology. Many volumes are available supplies, property management and through interlibrary loan. utilization services for Smithsonian Institution organizations, and contracts For further information, contact the Smithsonian Institution Libraries, Tenth Street and Constitution for construction, services, etc., may be Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20560. Phone, obtained from the Director, Office of 202–633–2240. Internet, http://library.si.edu. Contracting, Smithsonian Institution, 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 350, Arlington, Smithsonian Institution Traveling VA 22202. Phone, 202–633–7290 Exhibition Service (SITES) Since 1952, Education and Research Write to the SITES has been committed to making Directors of the following offices at the Smithsonian exhibitions available to Smithsonian Institution, Washington, millions of people who cannot view them DC 20560: Office of Fellowships and firsthand at the Smithsonian museums. Internships (www.si.edu/ofg), Center Exhibitions on art, history, and science for Folklife and Cultural Heritage travel to more than 250 locations each (www.folklife.si.edu), National Science year. Resources Center (www.nsrconline. For further information, contact the Smithsonian org), and Smithsonian Center for Institution Traveling Exhibition Service, Suite 7103, 470 L’Enfant Plaza SW., Washington, DC 20024. Learning and Digital Access (http:// Phone, 202–633–1000. Internet, http://www.sites. smithsonianeducation.org). si.edu. Electronic Access Information about the Smithsonian Institution is available online Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort at www.si.edu. Pierce The research institute features a Employment Employment information state-of-the-art laboratory where Station for the Smithsonian is available from the scientists catalog species and study Office of Human Resources, Smithsonian marine plants and animals. Among the Institution, Capital Gallery, Suite 5060, most important projects being pursued at 600 Maryland Avenue SW., Washington, the site is the search for possible causes DC 20560. Phone, 202–633–6370. Internet, http://www.sihr.si.edu. 516 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Media Affairs Members of the press culture, science and technology, and may contact the Smithsonian Office the arts, as well as signature illustrated of Public Affairs, 1000 Jefferson Drive books based on our museums and SW., Washington, DC 20560. Phone, collections. Titles are distributed by 202–633–2400. Internet, http://newsdesk. Random House Publisher Services. http:// si.edu. www.scholarlypress.si.edu Smithsonian Memberships For information about the Institution Scholarly Press, in conjunction Friends of the Smithsonian, write to PO with Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Box 37012, MRC 712 Washington, DC Group, Inc., publishes the research 20013–7012. Phone, 202–633–6300. and other scholarly contributions of Email, [email protected]. Internet, Smithsonian authors. A free brochure http://smithsonianmembership.com. providing a brief guide to the For information about the Resident Smithsonian Institution is published in Associate Program, write to Smithsonian several languages. For a copy, call Visitor Associates, PO Box 23293, Washington, Information at 202–633–1000 or send DC 20026–3293. Phone, 202–633–3030. an email to [email protected]. Copies are also Internet, http://residentassociates.org. available at museum information desks. For information about the Smithsonian Smithsonian Books, in collaboration National Associate Program, call with the Smithsonian Institution, 800–766–2149. Internet, http://www. publishes narrative nonfiction books on smithsonianmag.com/member-services. history, culture, science and technology, For information about the National Air and the arts, as well as signature and Space Society, call 202–633–2603. illustrated books based on our museums Email, [email protected]. and collections. Titles are distributed Internet, http://www.nasm.si.edu/ by Random House Publisher Services. getinvolved/membership. Internet, http://www.smithsonianbooks. For information about the Friends of com. the National Zoo, call 202–633–3038. Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press, Internet, http://nationalzoo.si.edu/ in conjunction with Rowman & Littlefield Audiences/Members. Publishing Group, Inc., publishes For information about National the research and other scholarly Museum of the American Indian contributions of Smithsonian authors. membership, call 800–242–6624. Email, Internet, http://www.scholarlypress. [email protected]. Internet, http:// si.edu. americanindian.si.edu. The goSmithsonian visitors guide may Photographs Photographs and slides be purchased at museum information from the Smithsonian photographic desks for $2 or obtained online at www. archives are available to researchers, gosmithsonian.com. publishers, Government agencies, and A free brochure providing a brief guide the general public. A searchable database to the Smithsonian Institution is published of images is available through the in English and several foreign languages. Internet. Purchase or use of images may For a copy, call Visitor Information at require permission from the Smithsonian 202–633–1000 or send an email to curatorial unit that holds copyright. [email protected]. Copies are also available at For assistance, contact Smithsonian museum information desks. Photographic Services at 202–633–1933. Telephone Office of Visitor Services, Publications To download the 202–633–1000, provides a taped Smithsonian Institution’s annual reports, message with weekly announcements on visit www.si.edu/About/Annual-Report. hours of operation and events. To receive a hardcopy, call 202–633– Tours For information about 1000 or send an email to [email protected]. museum and gallery tours, contact the http://www.smithsonianbooks.com Smithsonian Information Center, 1000 Smithsonian Books, in collaboration with Jefferson Drive SW., Washington, DC the Smithsonian Institution, publishes 20560. Phone, 202–633–1000. School narrative nonfiction books on history, groups are welcome. Special behind- Quasi-Official Agencies 517 the-scenes tours are offered through the Smithsonian Information Center, 1000 various memberships. Jefferson Drive SW., Washington, DC Visitor Information The Smithsonian 20560. Phone, 202–633–1000. Information Center, located in the Volunteer Service Opportunities The original Smithsonian building, commonly Smithsonian Institution welcomes known as The Castle, provides general volunteers and offers a variety of orientation through films, computer interesting service opportunities. For interactive programs, and visitor information, write to Office of Visitor information specialists to help members Services, 1000 Jefferson Drive SW., and the public learn about the national Washington, DC 20560. Phone, 202– collections, museum events, exhibitions, 633–1000. and special programs. Write to the For further information, contact the Smithsonian Information Center, 1000 Jefferson Drive SW., Washington, DC 20560. Phone, 202–633–1000. TDD, 202–357–1729. Internet, http://www.si.edu.

John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, Washington, DC 20566 Phone, 202–467–4600. Internet, http://www.kennedy-center.org.

Chairman David M. Rubenstein President Michael M. Kaiser

The Kennedy Center is the only official for the Performing Arts, Washington, memorial to President Kennedy in DC 20566. Phone, 202–416–8000. Washington, DC. Since its opening in Internet, http://www.kennedy-center.org/ 1971, the Center has presented a year- education/. round program of the finest in music, Electronic Access Information on dance, opera, and drama from the United the John F. Kennedy Center for the States and abroad. The Kennedy Center Performing Arts is available online. box office is open daily, and general Internet, http://www.kennedy-center.org/ information and tickets may be obtained index.cfm. online or by calling 202–467–4600 or Employment For information on 202–416–8524 (TTY). The Friends of employment opportunities, write to the Kennedy Center volunteers provide the John F. Kennedy Center for the visitor services. Tours are available free Performing Arts, Human Resources of charge between 10 a.m. and 5 p.m. Department, Washington, DC 20566. on weekdays and between 10 a.m. and Phone, 202–416–8604. Internet, http:// 1 p.m. on weekends. Free performances ch.tbe.taleo.net/CH07/ats/careers/ are given every day at 6 p.m. on the jobSearch.jsp?org=THEKENNC&cws=1. Millennium Stage in the Grand Foyer. Memberships Information on national and local activities, including the Sources of Information bimonthly Kennedy Center News for Contracts and Small Business Activities ​ members, is available at information Use the link below to search and monitor desks inside the John F. Kennedy opportunities posted on the Federal Center or by writing to Memberships Business Opportunities Web site. For Services, John F. Kennedy Center for more information, contact the John F. the Performing Arts, Washington, DC Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, 20566. Phone, 202–416–8310. Internet, Washington, DC 20566. Internet, https:// http://www.kennedy-center.org/support/ www.fbo.gov/. membership/kcmembership.html. Education and Research For Special Functions For information on information on education programs, using the facilities for special functions, contact the John F. Kennedy Center contact the Office of Special Events, John 518 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL F. Kennedy Center for the Performing DC 20566. Phone, 202–416–8032. Arts, Washington, DC 20566. Phone, Internet, http://www.kennedy-center.org/ 202–416–8000. Internet, http://www. theaterrental/. kennedy-center.org/eventplanning/. Volunteer Service Opportunities For Theater Operations For information information on volunteer opportunities, on using the John F. Kennedy write to Friends of the Kennedy Center, Center’s theaters, contact the Booking Washington, DC 20566. Phone, 202– Coordinator, John F. Kennedy Center 416–8000. Internet, http://www.kennedy- for the Performing Arts, Washington, center.org/support/volunteers/. For further information, contact the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. Phone, 202–467–4600. Internet, http://www.kennedy-center.org. Quasi-Official Agencies 519 EDITORIAL NOTE: The National Gallery of Art did not meet the publication deadline for submitting updated information of its activities, functions, and sources of information as required by the automatic disclosure provisions of the Freedom of Information Act (5 U.S.C. 552(a)(1)(A)).

National Gallery of Art 4th and Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20565 Phone, 202–737–4215. Internet, http://www.nga.gov.

President Victoria P. Sant Director Sharon Percy Rockefeller

Activities calendar, call the calendar of events The National Gallery of Art houses one message line (Phone, 202–842–6662), of the finest collections in the world, or visit the “Calendar of Events illustrating Western man’s achievements Subscription” Web page (http://www. in painting, sculpture, and the graphic nga.gov/content/ngaweb/contact-us/ arts. The West Building includes calendar-subscription.html). Email, European (13th through early 20th [email protected]. Internet, http://www. century) and American (18th through nga.gov/content/ngaweb/calendar. early 20th century) works. An extensive html​?chosendate=​08%2F28​%2F2014​ survey of Italian painting and sculpture, &pageNumber=1. including the only painting by Leonardo Concerts Concerts by world-renowned da Vinci in the Americas, is on display musicians are open to the public, and in the Gallery. Rich in Dutch masters admission is free. Seating is on a first- and French impressionists, the collection come, first-seated basis. The entrance offers superb surveys of American, at 6th Street and Constitution Avenue British, Flemish, Spanish, and 15th- remains open on Sunday until 6:30 p.m. and 16th-century German art, as well There are special areas for families with as Renaissance medals and bronzes, small children. Late entry or reentry Chinese porcelains, and about 97,000 of the West Building after 6:30 p.m. is works of graphic art from the 12th to not permitted. Phone, 202–842–6941. the 20th centuries. The East Building Internet, http://www.nga.gov/content/ collections and Sculpture Garden contain ngaweb/calendar/concerts.html?​ important works by major 20th-century category=​Concerts​&pageNumber=1. artists. The Gallery relies on public and Contracts and Small Business Activities ​ private resources. Federal appropriations For more information, contact the support its operations and maintenance, National Gallery of Art, Office of and its acquisitions of artwork, as well Procurement and Contracts, 2000–B as numerous special programs, are made South Club Drive, Landover, MD 20785. possible through private donations and Phone, 202–842–6745. Fax, 202–312– funds. A fellowship program promotes 2792. Internet, https://www.fbo.gov/ graduate and postgraduate research; index?s=agency​&mode=list​&tab=list​ programs to educate schoolchildren and &tabmode=list​&_so_list_fromda5df​ the general public operate daily; and an 66d9f809a53​b1563b95​a6dce8e3=80​ extension service provides education &_so_list_fromda5d​f66d9f809​a53b1563b​ resources free of charge to millions of 95a6dce8e3_page=5. people each year. Educational Resources The National Gallery of Art provides slide teaching and Sources of Information multimedia programs, videocassettes, CD–ROMs, DVDs, and videodiscs Calendar of Events The events calendar at no charge to individuals, schools, is available online. To receive the and civic organizations nationwide. 520 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL For more information, including the earphones, and neckloops are available free catalog of education resources, at the art information desk near the main contact the Department of Education entrance in the East Building. Please note: Resources, National Gallery of Art, While the East Building is undergoing 2000–B South Club Drive, Landover, MD renovations, screenings take place in 20785. Phone, 202–842–6273. Email, alternate locations. Phone, 202–842– [email protected]. Internet, http:// 6799. Email, [email protected]. www.nga.gov/content/ngaweb/education/ Internet, http://www.nga.gov/film. learningresources.html. Internships For information on Electronic Access Information on the internship programs for college graduates National Gallery of Art is available online. and graduate students, contact the NGAkids (http://www.nga.gov/content/ Department of Academic Programs, ngaweb/education/kids.html) offers National Gallery of Art, 2000–B South interactive activities and adventures with Club Drive, Landover, MD 20785. works of art from the Gallery’s collection Phone, 202–842–6257. Fax, 202–842– and an animated tale set in the Gallery’s 6935. Email, [email protected]. Internet, Sculpture Garden. Internet, http://www.nga. http://www.nga.gov/content/ngaweb/ gov/content/ngaweb/about.html. education/interns-fellows.html. Employment For information on Lectures Lecture events are free and employment opportunities at the National open to the public. Seating is available Gallery of Art, contact the Personnel Office, on a first-come, first-seated basis. National Gallery of Art, 601 Pennsylvania Internet, http://www.nga.gov/content/ Avenue South NW., Second Floor, ngaweb/education/adults.html. Washington, DC 20004. Phone, 202– Library The National Gallery of Art 842–6282. TDD, 202–842–6176. Email, Library maintains a collection of more [email protected]. Internet, http://www. than 400,000 books and periodicals nga.gov/content/ngaweb/opportunities/ on the history, theory, and criticism of employment-opportunities.html. art and architecture. The collection’s Family Programs The Gallery offers a holdings center on Western art from range of free family programs suitable the Middle Ages to the present and for children ages 4 and up, including on American art from the colonial era workshops, children’s films, music to the present. The library is open by performances, and storytelling. Phone, appointment on Mondays from noon 202–789–3030. Email, [email protected]. to 4:30 p.m. and Tuesday through Internet, http://www.nga.gov/content/ Friday from 10 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. It is ngaweb/education/families.html. closed on Federal holidays. To make Fellowships For information on research an appointment, call 202–842–6511. fellowship programs, contact the Center Internet, http://www.nga.gov/content/ for Advanced Study in the Visual Arts. ngaweb/research/library/About.html. Phone, 202–842–6480. Fax, 202–842– Library Image Collections The 6733. Email, [email protected]. Internet, Department of Image Collections is http://www.nga.gov/content/ngaweb/ the National Gallery of Art’s study and research/casva/fellowships.html. research center for images of Western Films An ongoing program of classic art and architecture. The collection now cinema, documentary, avant-garde, contains nearly 13 million photographs, and area premieres takes place each slides, negatives, and microform images, weekend. Seating is on a first-come, first- making this resource one of the largest seated basis, and there is no admission of its kind. The Department serves the fee to attend. Doors open approximately Gallery’s staff, members of the Center 30 minutes before each show. Visiting for Advanced Study in the Visual Arts, filmmakers and scholars discuss films visiting scholars, and serious adult with the audiences following some researchers. The library is open by screenings. The auditorium is equipped appointment on Mondays from noon to with an FM wireless listening system 4:30 p.m. and Tuesday through Friday for the hearing impaired. Receivers, from 10 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. It is closed Quasi-Official Agencies 521 on all Federal holidays. Phone, 202– to the Washington, DC, area. For more 842–6026. Internet, http://www.nga.gov/ information, write to the National Gallery resources/dlidesc.shtm. of Art, Office of Visitor Services, 2000–B Memberships The Circle of the South Club Drive, Landover, MD 20785. National Gallery of Art is a membership Phone, 202–842–6691. Internet, http:// program that supports special projects for www.nga.gov/content/ngaweb/visit.html. which Federal funds are not available. Volunteer Opportunities For For information on The Circle of the information on volunteering at an art National Gallery of Art, write to The information desk or as a docent, contact Circle, National Gallery of Art, 2000–B Volunteer Opportunities. Phone, 202– South Club Drive, Landover, MD 20785. 789–3013. Internet, http://www.nga.gov/ Phone, 202–842–6450. Internet, http:// content/ngaweb/opportunities/volunteer- www.nga.gov/content/ngaweb/support/ opportunities.html. membership.html. Library Volunteering For information on Publications The Gallery Shops sell volunteer opportunities in the National publications on the Gallery’s collections Gallery of Art Library, send a résumé to and quality reproductions of artwork. the Head of Reader Services, National Make an online purchase using The Gallery of Art Library, 2000–B South Club Gallery Shops Web site (https://shop.nga. Drive, Landover, MD 20785. Phone, gov/). Or, place an order by calling 800– 202–842–6510. Internet, http://www. 697–9350. The Office of Press and Public nga.gov/content/ngaweb/opportunities/ Information offers a free, bimonthly volunteer-opportunities.html. calendar of events. To subscribe to the Horticulture Volunteers The calendar, call the calendar of events horticulture division recruits volunteers message line (Phone, 202–842–6662), to work indoors and outside. Volunteers or visit the “Calendar of Events may start at any time of year and are Subscription” Web page (http://www.nga. encouraged to commit for 12 months gov/content/ngaweb/contact-us/calendar- to experience the different seasons of subscription.html). Art information desks horticulture. Phone, 202–842–6844. and the Visitor Services Office also Email, [email protected]. Internet, distribute the calendar and “Brief Guide http://www.nga.gov/content/ngaweb/ to the National Gallery of Art”. Internet, opportunities/volunteer-opportunities/ http://www.nga.gov/content/ngaweb/ horticulture-volunteers.html. research/publications.html. Works on Paper Works of art on paper Tours The education division offers that are not on display may be viewed gallery talks and lectures. Phone, 202–842– by appointment on weekdays by calling 6247. Internet, http://www.nga.gov/content/ 202–842–6380. The Matisse cutouts are ngaweb/visit/tours-and-guides.html. on display in the East Building Concourse Visitor Services The Visitor Services from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m., Monday through Office of the National Gallery of Art Saturday, and from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m., assists those with special needs, responds Sunday. Internet, http://www.nga.gov/ to written and telephone requests, and content/ngaweb/research/make-an- provides information on planning a visit appointment.html. For further information, contact the National Gallery of Art. Phone, 202–737–4215. TTY, 202–842–6176. Internet, http://www.nga.gov.

Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars Scholar Administration Office, Woodrow Wilson Center, One Woodrow Wilson Plaza, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20004–3027 Phone, 202–691–4000. Fax, 202–691–4001. Internet, http://www.wilsoncenter.org.

Director Jane Harman Executive Vice President Andrew S. Selee 522 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Chairman, Board of Trustees Thomas R. Nides

Activities public policy scholars and senior scholars from a variety of disciplines to conduct Created by an Act of Congress in 1968, research for varying lengths of time in the Woodrow Wilson International Center residence. For more information, call for Scholars is a national, living memorial 202–691–4000. The Center also has honoring the legacy of President a year-round need for interns to assist Woodrow Wilson. The Wilson Center, the program and projects staff and to headquartered in Washington, DC, and act as research assistants for scholars supported by both public and private and fellows. For more information, call funds, provides a strictly nonpartisan 202–691–4053. Internet, http://www. space for scholars and policymakers to wilsoncenter.org/fellowships-grants. interact. By conducting relevant, timely Media Affairs Members of the press research and promoting dialogue from all may contact the Woodrow Wilson Center perspectives, the Center works to address at 202–691–4217. critical current and emerging challenges Presidential Memorial Exhibit The confronting the United States and the Woodrow Wilson Center houses the world. Woodrow Wilson Presidential Memorial Exhibit which includes memorabilia, Sources of Information historical information, photographs, several short films, and a memorial hall Electronic Access Information on the with quotations. The exhibit is open Woodrow Wilson Center is available weekdays, 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. Admission online. Internet, www.wilsoncenter.org. is free. Employment For information on Publications The Woodrow Wilson employment opportunities at the Center publishes policy briefs and Woodrow Wilson Center, contact research reports, as well as books written the Office of Human Resources, by staff and visiting scholars and fellows, One Woodrow Wilson Plaza, 1300 through the Wilson Center Press. It also Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, produces “Dialogue,” a weekly radio and DC 20004–3027. Job announcements television program about national and are posted online. Internet, http://www. international affairs, history, and culture. wilsoncenter.org/opportunities/Job. For more information, call 202–691– Fellowships and Internship The 4000. Woodrow Wilson Center offers residential Visitor Services Events, unless fellowships that allow academics, otherwise noted, are free and open to public officials, journalists, business the public, and photo identification is professionals, and others to pursue required for entry. A listing of events at their research and writing at the Center the Woodrow Wilson Center is available while interacting with policymakers in online. Internet, http://www.wilsoncenter. Washington. The Center also invites org/events. For further information, contact the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, One Woodrow Wilson Plaza, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20004–3027. Phone, 202–691–4000. Fax, 202–691–4001. Internet, http://www.wilsoncenter.org. Quasi-Official Agencies 523 STATE JUSTICE INSTITUTE 11951 Freedom Drive, Suite 1020, Reston, VA 20190 Phone, 571–313–8843. Internet, http://www.sji.gov.

Board of Directors Chairman James R. Hannah Vice Chairman Daniel J. Becker Secretary Gayle A. Nachtigal Treasurer Hernán D. Vera Members David V. Brewer, Isabel Framer, Jonathan Lippman, Wilfredo Martinez, John B. Nalbandian, Marsha J. Rabiteau, Chase T. Rogers Officers Executive Director Jonathan D. Mattiello

The State Justice Institute awards grants to improve the administration of justice in the State courts of the United States.

State Justice Institue (SJI) was established supports national, regional, and in-State by the State Justice Institute Authorization educational programs to speed the Act of 1984 (42 U.S.C. 10701 et seq.) as transfer of solutions. a private, nonprofit corporation to further To accomplish these broad objectives, the development and improvement of SJI is authorized to provide funds, judicial administration in the State courts. through grants, cooperative agreements, SJI is supervised by a Board of Directors and contracts, to State courts and consisting of 11 members appointed by organizations that can assist in the the President with the advice and consent improvement of judicial administration in of the Senate. The Board is statutorily the State courts. composed of six judges, a State court administrator, and four members of the Sources of Information public, of whom no more than two can be Inquiries concerning grants, publications, of the same political party. speakers, or Privacy Act/Freedom of In carrying out its mission, SJI develops Information Act requests should be solutions to common issues faced by directed to the Executive Director, State State courts; provides practical products Justice Institute, 11951 Freedom Drive, to judges and court staff; ensures that Suite 1020, Reston, VA 20190. Phone, effective approaches in one State are 571–313–8843. quickly and economically shared Additional information is available on with other courts nationwide; and the SJI Web site: www.sji.gov. For further information, contact the State Justice Institute, 11951 Freedom Drive, Suite 1020, Reston, VA 20190. Phone, 571–313–8843. Internet, http://www.sji.gov.

UNITED STATES HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL MUSEUM 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW., Washington, DC 20024–2126 Phone, 202–488–0400. TTY, 202–488–0406. Internet, http://www.ushmm.org.

United States Holocaust Memorial Council Chairman Tom A. Bernstein Vice Chairman Joshua B. Bolten 524 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

United States Holocaust Memorial Council Museum Director Sara J. Bloomfield Members Elliott Abrams, Matthew L. Adler, Elisa Spungen Bildner, Lee T. Bycel, Michael Chertoff, Diana Shaw Clark, William J. Danhof, Shefali Razdan Duggal, Kitty Dukakis, John Farahi, Todd A. Fisher, Jonathan Safran Foer, Amy R. Friedkin, K. Chaya Friedman, Nancy B. Gilbert, Mark D. Goodman, Samuel N. Gordon, Sanford L. Gottesman, Joseph D. Gutman, Cheryl F. Halpern, S. Fitzgerald Haney, Beth Heifetz, J. David Heller, Allan M. Holt, Jane H. Jelenko, Amy Kaslow, Roman R. Kent, Howard Konar, M. Ronald Krongold, Alan B. Lazowski, Deborah E. Lipstadt, Susan E. Lowenberg, Leslie Meyers, Michael B. Mukasey, Deborah A. Oppenheimer, Cheryl Peisach, Dana Perlman, Richard S. Price, Ronald Ratner, Greg A. Rosenbaum, Menachem Z. Rosensaft, Michael P. Ross, Kirk A. Rudy, Elliot J. Schrage, Maureen Schulman, Daniel J. Silva, Andrea Lavin Solow, Marc R. Stanley, Michael Ashley Stein, Michele Taylor, Howard D. Unger, Clemantine Wamariya, Elie Wiesel Member of the House of Representatives Michael Grimm, Steve Israel, Patrick Meehan, Henry A. Waxman, (vacancy) Member of the Senates Alan S. Franken, Orrin G. Hatch, Bernard Sanders, (2 vacancies) Department of Education (ex officio) Philip H. Rosenfelt Department of the Interior (ex officio) Sarah Greenberger Department of State (ex officio) (vacancy) General Counsel (ex officio) Gerard Leval Internal Auditor (ex officio) Mel Schwartz Secretary (ex officio) Jane M. Miller United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Director Sara J. Bloomfield Chief of Staff William Parsons General Counsel Ronald F. Cuffe Chief Development Officer Jordan Tannenbaum Chief Financial Officer Minnie Carmichael Chief Information Officer Joseph Kraus Chief Marketing Officer Lorna Miles Chief Program Officer Sarah Ogilvie Quasi-Official Agencies 525

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Director, Center for Advanced Holocaust Paul Shapiro Studies Director, Center for the Prevention of Genocide Cameron Hudson, Acting Director, Collections Michael Grunberger Director, Museum Operations and Tanell Coleman Administration Director, National Institute for Holocaust Michael Abramowitz Education Director, Planning Dara Goldberg Senior Program Advisor for Institutional Projects Arnold Kramer

The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum maintains a permanent living memorial to the victims of the Holocaust and provides ways to document, study, and interpret the Holocaust.

The United States Holocaust Memorial research workshops, conferences, Museum (USHMM) was established by lectures, and symposia. the act of October 7, 1980 (36 U.S.C. For further information, contact the Jack, Joseph, 1401–1408). It received permanent and Morton Mandel Center for Advanced Holocaust authorization as an independent Studies. Phone, 202–488–0400. TTY, 202–488–0406. establishment by the act of October 12, Internet, http://www.ushmm.org/research/the- center-for-advanced-holocaust-studies/about-the- 2000 (36 U.S.C. 2301 et seq.). center-for-advanced-holocaust-studies. USHMM is governed by a council, which serves as the board of trustees. Center for the Prevention of Genocide ​ The council comprises 55 members The Center, guided by the Council’s appointed by the President, for staggered Committee on Conscience, raises 5-year terms. Five members each are awareness of genocide, influences appointed from both the House of policymaking on genocide prevention, Representatives and Senate. There are and stimulates worldwide action to also three nonvoting ex-officio members prevent genocide and related mass from the Departments of Education, atrocities. It seeks to make genocide Interior, and State. prevention a national and international USHMM operates as a public-private priority by increasing public awareness partnership. Its activities and programs and mobilizing worldwide support to are supported by planned giving, avert these crimes against humanity. endowments, and revenues; gifts, grants, For further information, contact the Center for and contracts; and Federal funding. the Prevention of Genocide. Internet, http:// The Museum is open every day, except www.ushmm.org/confront-genocide/about. Email, [email protected]. on Yom Kippur and Christmas, and admission is free. National Institute for Holocaust Education The Institute promotes a Activities variety of resources and programs to help Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel Center educators, professionals, and students for Advanced Holocaust Studies The increase their knowledge of Holocaust Center works with the United States history and understand its relevance Holocaust Memorial Council’s Academic today. Educational outreach programs Committee to support research projects provide teachers with classroom and publications on the Holocaust, strategies and resources for teaching provide access to Holocaust-related students about the Holocaust. archival materials for study and For further information, contact the National new research, sponsor fellowship Institute for Holocaust Education. Internet, http:// www.ushmm.org/educators/teaching-about-the- opportunities for pre- and postdoctoral holocaust. researchers, and offer seminars, summer 526 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL MUSEUM DIRECTOR, ADMINISTRATION OPERATIONS AND OPERATIONS MUSEUM SERVICES OPERATIONS SERVICES PROTECTION HUMAN RESOURCES EMPLOYMENT EQUAL CHIEF OFFICER FINANCIAL BUDGET BUSINESS MANAGEMENT/SHOP FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT PROCUREMENT STAFF CHIEF OF GENERAL COUNSEL CHIEF OFFICER AUDITOR INTERNAL INFORMATION INFORMATION APPLICATION APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT SYSTEMS NETWORK SERVICES TECHNICAL PROJECTS ADVISOR FOR ADVISOR INSTITUTIONAL SENIOR PRGRAM PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION GENOCIDE DIRECTOR, PREVENTION OF CENTER FOR THE POLICY PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT RESEARCH CHIEF

OFFICER DIRECTOR PROGRAM STUDIES NATIONAL NATIONAL DIRECTOR, HOLOCAUST HOLOCAUST INSTITUTE FOR EXHIBITIONS GLOBAL CLASSROOM AND EVALUATION ON INITIATIVE DENIAL HOLOCAUST AND ANTISEMITISM PLANNING NATIONAL AND ADMINISTRATION UNITED STATES HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL COUNCIL HOLOCAUST UNITED STATES STUDIES DIRECTOR, ADVANCED ADVANCED HOLOCAUST HOLOCAUST CENTER FOR APPLIED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS ARCHIVAL SENIOR HISTORIAN UNIVERSITY PROGRAMS VISITING SCHOLARS UNITED STATES HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL MUSEUM HOLOCAUST UNITED STATES DIRECTOR, COLLECTIONS COLLECTIONS SERVICES AFFAIRS CURATORIAL COLLECTIONS DIGITAL SURVIVORS HOLOCAUST AND VICTIMS RESOURCE CENTER LIBRARY

CHIEF OFFICER MARKETING NATIONAL OPERATIONS NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS ENGAGEMENT DIGITAL MEMBERSHIP PUBLIC PROGRAMS SERVICES CREATIVE CHIEF OFFICER DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT OPERATIONS FUNDRAISING CAMPAIGN PLANNED GIVING DONOR TRAVEL

PLANNING COUNCIL RELATIONS AFFAIRS SURVIVORS Quasi-Official Agencies 527 Programs pamphlets, advertisements, maps, film and video historical footage, audio and Law, Justice, and the Holocaust Program ​ video oral testimonies, music and sound This program examines the decisions recordings, furnishings, architectural German jurists made and the pressures fragments, models, machinery, tools, they faced under the Nazi regime. microfilm and microfiche of government This is a one-day program for judges, documents and other official records, prosecutors, and court administrators. personal effects, personal papers, For further information, contact the Law, Justice, photographs, photo albums, and textiles. and the Holocaust Program. Internet, http://www. ushmm.org/professionals-and-student-leaders/ The self-guided Permanent Exhibition judiciary. spans three floors and presents a narrative history of the Holocaust with historical Civic and Defense Initiatives Program ​ artifacts, photographs, and film footage. This program explores the ways in which Special exhibitions include Remember the military can work to prevent genocide the Children: Daniel’s Story (for children today. 8 and up) and Some Were Neighbors: Lessons of the Holocaust Program This Collaboration and Complicity in the program examines the role that law Holocaust. The Museum’s traveling enforcement professionals played in the exhibitions have appeared in numerous Holocaust. It also challenges them to cities, states, and countries. These reflect on their professional and personal exhibitions extend the history of the responsibilities in a democracy today. Holocaust beyond the Museum’s walls. For more information, the Museum’s For further information, contact the Lessons of the Holocaust Program. Internet, http://www. website. Internet, http://www.ushmm.org/ ushmm.org/professionals-and-student-leaders/law- information/exhibitions. enforcement. Reserved Visits and Tours Admission to Programs on Ethics, Religion, and the the Museum is free. From March through Holocaust These programs focus on the August, timed passes are required to response of churches to the Holocaust enter the Permanent Exhibition. No and the ways in which religious passes are required for any other Museum institutions, leaders, and theologians have exhibitions. Advance passes for entry to addressed this history and its legacy. the Museum’s Permanent Exhibition are available at https://tix.extremetix.com/ For further information, contact the Programs on Online/USHMM. The convenience fee Ethics, Religion, and the Holocaust. Internet, http:// www.ushmm.org/research/the-center-for-advanced- for advance passes is $1.00 per person. holocaust-studies/programs-ethics-religion-the- Advanced group reservations are also holocaust. available at https://secure.ushmm.org/ Youth and Community Initiatives online/group-reservation. For more Program This program introduces information on reserved visits and tours, students to Holocaust history and helps visit the Museum’s website. Internet, them develop leadership skills for http://www.ushmm.org/information/plan- confronting hatred and promoting human a-visit.. dignity. Volunteer Opportunities The Museum welcomes volunteers and offers a For further information, contact the Student variety of service opportunities. Unpaid Leaders Program. Internet, http://www.ushmm.org/ professionals-and-student-leaders/student-leaders. internship opportunities are also available. For internship information, go Sources of Information to http://www.ushmm.org/information/ career-volunteer-opportunities/ Calendar of Events For information on internships. Internet, http://www.ushmm. upcoming events, visit the Museum’s org/information/career-volunteer- online calendar. Internet, http://www. opportunities/volunteering. ushmm.org/online/calendar.. Exhibitions and Collections The Museum’s holdings include art, books, 528 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

For further information, contact the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW., Washington, DC 20024–2126. Phone, 202–488–0400. TTY, 202–488–0406. Internet, http://www. ushmm.org.

UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE 2301 Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20037 Phone, 202–457–1700. Fax, 202–429–6063. Internet, http://www.usip.org.

Board of Directors Chairman Stephen J. Hadley Vice Chairman George E. Moose Members Judy Ansley, Eric S. Edelman, Joseph Eldridge, Kerry Kennedy, Ikram U. Khan, Stephen D. Krasner, John A. Lancaster, Jeremy A. Rabkin, Nancy Zirkin Secretary of State (ex officio) John F. Kerry Secretary of Defense (ex officio) Charles T. Hagel President, National Defense University (ex Maj. Gen. Gregg F. Martin, USA officio) President, U.S. Institute of Peace (ex officio) Kristin Lord, Acting Officials President Kristin Lord, Acting Executive Vice President Kristin Lord Director, Congressional Relations Laurie Schultz-Heim Director, Intergovernmental Affairs Linwood Q. Ham Director, Public Affairs and Communication (vacancy)

The United States Institute of Peace prevents, mitigates, and resolves violent conflicts around the world by direct engagement in conflict zones and providing analysis, education, and resources to those working for peace.

The United States Institute of Peace recourse to violence.” A bipartisan Board (USIP) is an independent quasi-Federal of Directors, appointed by the President institution established by Congress and confirmed by the Senate, governs the pursuant to title XVII of the Defense Institute. The Board comprises members Authorization Act of 1985, as amended from outside the Federal service, (22 U.S.C. 4601–4611), to develop, the Secretary of State, the Secretary apply, and foster cost-effective strategies of Defense, and the President of the and tools to prevent, mitigate, and National Defense University. The Board resolve violent international conflicts, appoints the President of the Institute. particularly those that threaten or harm America’s strategic and security interests. Programs and Activities The USIP Act defines the organization’s The Institute supports U.S. national mission “to serve the people and the security and foreign affairs through government through the widest possible conflict management and peacebuilding range of education and training, basic operations; training in conflict and applied research opportunities, management and peacebuilding and peace information services on the tradecraft and best practices; and conflict means to promote international peace research and analysis. In carrying out its and the resolution of conflicts among mission, USIP operates on the ground nations and peoples of the world without in conflict zones, providing services Quasi-Official Agencies 529 that include facilitating dialogue among Institute conducts practitioner training parties in conflict; building conflict in conflict management, including management skills and capacity; mediation and negotiating skills for indentifying and disseminating best government and military personnel, practices in conflict management; civil society leaders, and staff of promoting the rule of law; reforming nongovernmental and international and strengthening education systems; organizations. The Institute extends its strengthening civil society; and reach through grants, fellowships, and educating the public through media scholarships to nonprofit organizations in and other outreach activities. USIP the United States and overseas. works in partnership with the State and Defense Departments, the U.S. Sources of Information Agency for International Development, More information is available online nongovernmental organizations, higher at the Institute’s Web site. For further and secondary educational institutions, information, contact the Office of foreign governments, and international Public Affairs and Communications, organizations to promote collaborative United States Institute of Peace, 2301 problemsolving through conflict Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, management operations, training and DC 20037. Phone, 202–457–1700. Fax, analysis, facilitated dialogue, Track 1.5 202–429–6063. Internet, http://www. diplomacy, and special events. The usip.org/newsroom.

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK Avenue Jean-Paul II, 01 BP 1387, Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire Phone, +225 20 26 10 20. Internet, http://www.afdb.org. Email, [email protected].

President Donald Kaberuka

The African Development Bank (AFDB) complement AFDB operations by was established in 1964 and, by charter providing concessional financing for amendment, opened its membership high-priority development projects in to non-African countries in 1982. Its the poorest African countries. The Fund’s mandate is to contribute to the economic membership consists of 27 nonregional development and social progress of its member countries, South Africa, and regional members. Bank membership AFDB, which represents its African totals 78, including 53 African countries members and is allocated half of the and 25 nonregional countries. With votes. the September 1999 ratification of the In February 2003, security concerns agreement on the fifth general capital resulted in AFDB headquarters increase, Bank ownership is 60 percent temporarily relocating to Tunis, Tunisia. African and 40 percent nonregional. On September 8, 2014, the AFDB The African Development Fund returned to its headquarters in Abidjan, (AFDF), the concessional lending Côte d’Ivoire. affiliate, was established in 1972 to

ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK Headquarters: 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines Phone, +632 632–4444. Fax, +632 636–2444. Internet, http://www.adb.org. Email, information@ adb.org. ADB North American Representative Office: 900 17th Street NW., Suite 900, Washington DC 20006 Phone, 202–728–1500. Fax, 202 728 1505.

President Takehiko Nakao

The Asian Development Bank (ADB) The purpose of the ADB is to foster commenced operations on December 19, sustainable economic development, 1966. It now has 67 member countries: poverty alleviation, and cooperation 48 from Asia and 19 from outside the among its developing member region. countries in the Asia-Pacific region. The ADB invests in infrastructure, health 531 532 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL care services, financial and public evolve into thriving, modern economies administration systems, and helps that are well integrated with each other nations prepare for the impact of climate and the world. Its primary vehicles change and better manage their natural for assistance are loans, grants, policy resources. The ADB is committed to dialogue, technical assistance, and equity helping developing member countries investments.

EUROPEAN BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT One Exchange Square, London EC2A 2JN, United Kingdom Phone, +44 20 7338 6000. Internet, http://www.ebrd.com.

President Suma Chakrabarti

The European Bank for Reconstruction by commercial credit and equity markets, and Development (EBRD) is a multilateral the EBRD promotes entrepreneurship development bank that supports and fosters transition towards open and economic development projects in 34 democratic market economies. countries from central Europe to central The Bank, which is owned by 64 Asia. Investing primarily in private sector countries and two intergovernmental clients whose needs cannot be fully met institutions, is based in London.

INTER-AMERICAN DEFENSE BOARD 2600 Sixteenth Street NW., Washington, DC 20441 Phone, 202–939–6041. Internet, http://www.jid.org. Email, [email protected].

Chairman Lt. Gen. Werther Araya Menghini

The Inter-American Defense Board is necessary for the safety and security of the oldest permanently constituted, the hemisphere. It also acts as a technical international military organization in military adviser for the Organization the world. It was founded by Resolution of American States and is involved in XXXIX of the Meeting of Foreign projects such as disaster preparedness Ministers at Rio de Janeiro in January and humanitarian demining programs in 1942. The Board is governed according Central and South America. to Statutes that the General Assembly The Inter-American Defense College, of the Organization of American States founded in 1962, prepares senior military approved in March 2006. Senior armed officers and civilian functionaries for forces officers from the member nations positions in their respective governments. staff the various agencies of the Board. Its The College provides an 11-month, three major components are the Council professionally-oriented, multidisciplinary, of Delegates, the Secretariat, and the graduate-level course of study focusing Inter-American Defense College. on the Western Hemisphere’s most The Board studies and recommends to pressing defense and security issues. member governments measures it deems International Organizations 533 INTER-AMERICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK Headquarters: 1300 New York Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20577 Phone, 202–623–1000. Fax, 202–623–3096. Internet, http://www.iadb.org.

President Luis Alberto Moreno

The Inter-American Development Caribbean. It is based in Washington, Bank (IDB) was established in 1959 to DC. help accelerate economic and social The Bank has 48 member countries, 26 development in Latin America and the of which are borrowing members in Latin America and the Caribbean.

INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND 700 Nineteenth Street NW., Washington, DC 20431 Phone, 202–623–7000. Fax, 202–623–4661. Internet, http://www.imf.org.

Managing Director and Chairman of the Christine Lagarde Executive Board First Deputy Managing Director David Lipton Deputy Managing Directors Naoyuki Shinohara, Min Zhu, (vacancy)

The Final Act of the United Nations States acceptance of the amendment Monetary and Financial Conference, and participation in the Special Drawing signed at Bretton Woods, NH, on July Account were authorized by the Special 22, 1944, set forth the original Articles Drawing Rights Act (22 U.S.C. 286 et of Agreement of the International seq.). Monetary Fund (IMF). The Agreement On April 30, 1976, the Board became effective on December 27, of Governors approved a second 1945, when the President, authorized by amendment to the Articles of Agreement, the Bretton Woods Agreements Act (22 which entered into force on April 1, U.S.C. 286), accepted membership for 1978. This amendment gave members the United States in IMF, the Agreement the right to adopt exchange arrangements having thus been accepted by countries of their choice while placing certain whose combined financial commitments obligations on them regarding their (quotas) equaled approximately 80 exchange rate policies, over which IMF percent of IMF’s original quotas. The was to exercise firm surveillance. The inaugural meeting of the Board of official price of gold was abolished, Governors was held in March 1946, and the SDR account was promoted and the first meeting of the Executive as the principal reserve asset of the Directors was held May 6, 1946. international monetary system. United On May 31, 1968, the Board of States acceptance of this amendment Governors approved an amendment was authorized by the Bretton Woods to the Articles of Agreement for the Agreements Act Amendments (22 U.S.C. establishment of a facility based on 286e-5). Special Drawing Rights (SDR) in IMF On June 28, 1990, the Board of and for modification of certain IMF Governors approved a third amendment rules and practices. The amendment to the Articles of Agreement, which became effective on July 28, 1969, and became effective on November 11, 1992. the Special Drawing Account became Under this amendment, a member’s operative on August 6, 1969. United voting rights and certain related rights 534 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL may be suspended by a 70-percent of payments. It periodically examines the majority of the executive board if the economic developments and policies of its member, having been declared ineligible member countries, offers policy advice, and to use the general resources of the Fund, at member’s request and upon executive persists in its failure to fulfill any of its board approval, provides financial obligations under the Articles. assistance through a variety of financial The IMF has 188 member countries. facilities designed to address specific It promotes international monetary problems. These financing mechanisms cooperation through a permanent forum provide access to the Fund’s general for consultation and collaboration on resources to offer short-term assistance international monetary problems; facilitates during crises of market confidence, the expansion and balanced growth of compensatory financing to countries international trade; promotes exchange rate suffering declines in export earnings, stability; assists in the establishment of an emergency assistance for countries open multilateral system of payments for recovering from natural disasters or armed current transactions among members; and conflict, and low-interest rate resources to gives confidence to members by making support structural adjustment and promote IMF resources temporarily available to growth in the poorest countries. IMF also them under adequate safeguards. provides technical assistance and training IMF helps its members correct to its members. imbalances in their international balances For further information, contact the Chief, Public Affairs Division, External Relations Department, International Monetary Fund, 700 Nineteenth Street NW., Washington, DC 20431. Phone, 202–623–7300. Fax, 202–623–6278. Email, [email protected]. Internet, http://www.imf.org.

INTER-AMERICAN INVESTMENT CORPORATION Headquarters: 1350 New York Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20577 Phone, 202–623–3901. Internet, http://www.iic.int.

Chairman, Board of Directors Luis Alberto Moreno General Manager Carl Muñana

The Inter-American Investment direct loans and equity investments, lines Corporation (IIC), an affiliate of the of credit to local financial intermediaries, Inter-American Development Bank based and investments in local and regional in Washington, DC, was established investment funds. in 1985 to promote the economic IIC has 44 member countries, of which development of its Latin American and 27 are in the Western Hemisphere, Caribbean members by financing small- including the United States, and 17 are and medium-size private enterprises. IIC outside the region. provides project financing in the form of

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION Headquarters: 17 Route des Morillons, C.P. 17, CH–1211 Geneva 19, Switzerland. Mailing address, P.O. Box 71, CH–1211, Geneva 19, Switzerland Phone, 011–41–22–717–9111. Fax, 011–41–22–798–6150. Internet, http://www.iom.int. International Organizations 535

Email, [email protected]. Washington Office: Suite 700, 1752 N Street NW., Washington, DC 20036 Phone, 202–862–1826. Fax, 202–862–1879. Email, [email protected]. New York Office: 122 E. 42d Street, 48th Floor, New York, NY 10168 Phone, 212–681–7000. Fax, 212–867–5887. Email, [email protected].

Director General William Lacy Swing Deputy Director General Laura Thompson Chief of Mission (Washington, DC) Luca Dall’ Oglio Permanent Observer to the United Nations Michele Klein Solomon

Established in 1951, the International in Natural Disasters and is a key partner Organization for Migration (IOM) is the in Emergency Shelter, Logistics, Health, leading intergovernmental organization Protection and Early Recovery. in the field of migration. With 155 IOM’s expertise and services also member states, an additional 11 states include: providing secure, reliable, holding observer status, and offices in and cost-effective services for persons over 100 countries, IOM is dedicated requiring migration assistance; promoting to promoting humane and orderly humane and orderly management of migration for the benefit of all. It does migration and the effective respect for so by providing services and advice the human rights of migrants; providing to migrants and governments, while expert advice, technical cooperation, working in close cooperation with and operational assistance to build governmental, intergovernmental, and national capacities and facilitate non-governmental partners. IOM has cooperation on migration matters; observer status at the United Nations. assisting states to facilitate the integration IOM works with its partners to meet of migrants in their new environment the growing operational challenges and to engage diasporas, including as of migration management; advance development partners; advising states understanding of migration issues; in the development and delivery of encourage social and economic programs and technical expertise to development through migration; and combat migrant smuggling and human uphold the human dignity and well-being trafficking; working with national health of migrants. systems to reduce mortality, morbidity, IOM has been at the forefront of and disabilities and to enhance access emergency response to ensure assistance to rights-based health and well-being and protection to stranded migrants and services throughout the migration cycle; displaced persons. IOM has a lead role and working with states in the area of under the UN Cluster Approach in Camp labor migration, amongst others. Co-coordination and Camp Management

ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES Seventeenth Street and Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20006 Phone, 202–370–5000. Fax, 202–458–3967. Internet, http://www.oas.org.

Secretary General José M. Insulza Assistant Secretary General Albert R. Ramdin

The Organization of American States interests. At the core of the OAS mission (OAS) brings together the countries of is a commitment to democracy. Building the Western Hemisphere to strengthen on this foundation, OAS works to cooperation and advance common promote good governance, strengthen 536 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL human rights, foster peace and security, foreign ministers once a year in regular expand trade, and address the complex session. The Permanent Council, problems caused by poverty, drugs, and made up of ambassadors appointed by corruption. Through decisions made member states, meets regularly at OAS by its political bodies and programs headquarters in Washington, DC, to carried out by its General Secretariat, guide ongoing policies and actions. The OAS promotes greater inter-American chairmanship of the Permanent Council cooperation and understanding. rotates every 3 months, in alphabetical OAS member states have intensified order of countries. Each member state has their cooperation since the end of the an equal voice, and most decisions are cold war, taking on new and important made through consensus. challenges. In 1994, the region’s 34 Also under the OAS umbrella are democratically elected presidents and several specialized agencies that prime ministers met in Miami for the have considerable autonomy: the Pan First Summit of the Americas, where they American Health Organization in established broad political, economic, Washington, DC; the Inter-American and social development goals. They have Children’s Institute in Montevideo, continued to meet periodically since Uruguay; the Inter-American Institute then to examine common interests and for Cooperation on Agriculture in San priorities. Through the ongoing Summits Jose, Costa Rica; and the Pan American of the Americas process, the region’s Institute of Geography and History and leaders have entrusted the OAS with the Inter-American Indian Institute, both a growing number of responsibilities in Mexico City. to help advance the countries’ shared In 1948, 21 nations of the hemisphere vision. signed the OAS Charter at the Ninth With four official languages—English, International Conference of American Spanish, Portuguese, and French— States. They were Argentina, Bolivia, the OAS reflects the rich diversity Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, of peoples and cultures across the Cuba (barred from participation), Americas. The OAS has 35 member Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El states: the independent nations of North, Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Central, and South America, and of the Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Caribbean. Since 1962, Cuba has been Peru, United States of America, Uruguay, barred from participation by resolution and Venezuela. of the Eighth Meeting of Consultation of Subsequently, 14 other countries Ministers of Foreign Affairs. Countries joined the OAS by signing and ratifying from all around the world are permanent the Charter. They were Barbados, observers, closely following the issues Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica, Grenada, that are critical to the Americas and often Suriname, Dominica, Saint Lucia, providing key financial support for OAS Antigua and Barbuda, Saint Vincent and programs. the Grenadines, the Bahamas, Saint Kitts Member states set major policies and and Nevis, Canada, Belize, and Guyana. goals through the General Assembly, This brings the number of member states which gathers the hemisphere’s to 35. For further information, contact the Organization of American States, Seventeenth Street and Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20006. Phone, 202–370–5000. Fax, 202–458–3967.

UNITED NATIONS United Nations, New York, NY 10017 Phone, 212–963–1234. Internet, http://www.un.org. United Nations Office at Geneva: Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland United Nations Office at Vienna: Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 500, A–1400, Vienna, International Organizations 537

Austria Washington, DC: U.N. Information Centre, Suite 400, 1775 K Street NW., Washington, DC 20006 Phone, 202–331–8670. Fax, 202–331–9191. Internet, http://www.unicwash.org. Email, unicdc@ unic.org.

Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon Director-General, U.N. Office at Geneva Kassym-Jomart Tokayev Director-General, U.N. Office at Vienna Yury Fedotov Director, Washington DC Information Centre Rodney Bent

The United Nations is an international The General Assembly may call the organization that was set up in attention of the Security Council to accordance with the Charter drafted situations likely to endanger international by governments represented at the peace and security, may initiate studies, Conference on International Organization and may receive and consider reports meeting at San Francisco. The Charter from other organs of the United Nations. was signed on June 26, 1945, and came Under the “Uniting for Peace” resolution into force on October 24, 1945, when adopted by the General Assembly in the required number of ratifications November 1950, if the Security Council and accessions had been made by the fails to act on an apparent threat to or signatories. Amendments increasing breach of the peace or act of aggression membership of the Security Council and because of lack of unanimity of its five the Economic and Social Council came permanent members, the Assembly into effect on August 31, 1965. itself may take up the matter within 24 The United Nations now consists of hours—in emergency special session— 193 member states, of which 51 are and recommend collective measures, founding members. including, in case of a breach of the The purposes of the United Nations peace or act of aggression, use of armed set out in the Charter are to maintain force when necessary to maintain or international peace and security; to restore international peace and security. develop friendly relations among nations; The General Assembly normally meets to achieve international cooperation in regular annual session from September in solving international problems through December. It also has met in of an economic, social, cultural, or special sessions and emergency special humanitarian character and in promoting sessions. respect for human rights; and to be Security Council The Security Council a center for harmonizing the actions consists of 15 members, of which 5—the of nations in the attainment of these People’s Republic of China, France, common ends. Russia, the United Kingdom, and the The principal organs of the United United States of America—are permanent Nations are as follows: members. The 10 nonpermanent General Assembly All states that are members are elected for 2-year terms members of the United Nations are by the General Assembly. The primary members of the General Assembly. Its responsibility of the Security Council functions are to consider and discuss any is to act on behalf of the members of matter within the scope of the Charter the United Nations in maintenance of the United Nations and to make of international peace and security. recommendations to the members of Measures that may be employed by the the United Nations and other organs. It Security Council are outlined in the approves the budget of the organization, Charter. the expenses of which are borne by the The Security Council, together with the members as apportioned by the General General Assembly, also elects the judges Assembly. of the International Court of Justice and makes a recommendation to the General 538 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Assembly on the appointment of the trust territory inhabitants, and provided Secretary-General of the organization. for periodic inspection visits to trust The Security Council first met in territories. London on January 17, 1946, and is With the independence of Palau, the so organized as to be able to function last remaining U.N. trust territory, the continuously. Trusteeship Council formally suspended Economic and Social Council This operations after nearly half a century. The organ is responsible, under the authority Council will henceforth meet only on of the General Assembly, for the an extraordinary basis, as the need may economic and social programs of the arise. United Nations. Its functions include International Court of Justice The making or initiating studies, reports, International Court of Justice is the and recommendations on international principal judicial organ of the United economic, social, cultural, educational, Nations. It has its seat at The Hague, health, and related matters; promoting the Netherlands. All members of the respect for and observance of human United Nations are ipso facto parties to rights and fundamental freedoms for the Statute of the Court. Nonmembers of all; calling international conferences the United Nations may become parties and preparing draft conventions for to the Statute of the Court on conditions submission to the General Assembly prescribed by the General Assembly on matters within its competence; on the recommendation of the Security negotiating agreements with the Council. specialized agencies and defining their The jurisdiction of the Court comprises relationship with the United Nations; all cases that the parties refer to it and coordinating the activities of the all matters specially provided for in specialized agencies; and consulting the Charter of the United Nations or in with nongovernmental organizations treaties and conventions in force. concerned with matters within its The Court consists of 15 judges known competence. The Council consists of 54 as members of the Court. They are members of the United Nations elected elected for 9-year terms by the General by the General Assembly for 3-year Assembly and the Security Council, terms; 18 are elected each year. voting independently, and may be The Council usually holds two regular reelected. sessions a year. It has also held a number Secretariat The Secretariat consists of special sessions. of a Secretary-General and “such staff Trusteeship Council The Trusteeship as the Organization may require.” The Council was initially established to Secretary-General, who is appointed consist of any member states that by the General Assembly on the administered trust territories, permanent recommendation of the Security Council, members of the Security Council that is the chief administrative officer of the did not administer trust territories, and United Nations. He acts in that capacity enough other nonadministering countries for the General Assembly, the Security elected by the General Assembly for Council, the Economic and Social 3-year terms to ensure that membership Council, and the Trusteeship Council. would be equally divided between Under the Charter, the Secretary-General administering and nonadministering “may bring to the attention of the members. Under authority of the General Security Council any matter that in his Assembly, the Council considered opinion may threaten the maintenance of reports from members administering international peace and security.” trust territories, examined petitions from International Organizations 539 WORLD BANK GROUP Headquarters: 1818 H Street NW., Washington, DC 20433 Phone, 202–473–1000. Fax, 202–477–6391. Internet, http://www.worldbank.org.

President Jim Yong Kim

The World Bank Group consists of (ICSID). The two primary economic and five institutions: the International Bank social development institutions are the for Reconstruction and Development IBRD and the IDA. Donor countries and (IBRD), the International Development countries with borrowing rights—188 Association (IDA), the International in total—support and benefit from these Finance Corporation (IFC), Multilateral two development banks. The other three Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), institutions complement the activities of and the International Centre for the the IBRD and the IDA. Settlement of Investment Disputes

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development The International Bank for Reconstruction lends funds at market-determined interest and Development (IBRD) officially came rates, provides advice, and serves as a into existence in 1944. catalyst to stimulate outside investments. The Bank’s purpose is to promote Its resources come primarily from funds economic, social, and environmental raised in the world capital markets, its progress in developing nations by retained earnings, and repayments on its reducing poverty so that their people loans. may live better and fuller lives. The Bank

International Development Association The International Development Association The Association promotes economic (IDA) came into existence in 1960, as development, reduces poverty, and raises an institution of the World Bank Group. the standard of living in the least developed The Association’s resources consist of areas of the world. It does this by financing subscriptions and supplementary resources their developmental requirements on in the form of general replenishments on concessionary terms, which are more a three year revolving cycle, mostly from flexible and bear less heavily on the its more industrialized and developed balance of payments than those of members; special contributions by its richer conventional loans, thereby furthering the members; repayments on earlier credits; objectives of IBRD and supplementing its and transfers from IBRD’s net earnings. activities.

International Finance Corporation Headquarters: 2121 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20433 Phone, 202–473–7711. Fax, 202–974–4384. Internet, http://www.ifc.org.

President Jim Yong Kim Executive Vice President and Chief Executive Jin-Yong Cai Officer 540 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

The International Finance Corporation existing businesses. It also encourages co- (IFC), an institution of the World Bank financing by other investors and lenders. Group, was established in 1956 to Additionally, advisory services and promote productive private enterprise in technical assistance are provided by IFC developing member countries. to developing member countries in areas The Corporation pursues its objective such as capital market development, principally through direct debt and equity privatization, corporate restructuring, and investments in projects that establish new foreign investment. businesses or expand, modify, or diversify

Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency Headquarters: 1818 H Street NW., Washington, DC 20433 Phone, 202–458–2538. Fax, 202–522–0316. Internet, http://www.miga.org.

President Jim Yong Kim Executive Vice President and Chief Executive Keiko Honda Officer

The Multilateral Investment Guarantee political risk insurance in the areas Agency (MIGA), an institution of the of expropriation, transfer restriction, World Bank Group, was formally breach of contract, and war and civil constituted in 1988. disturbance; and by providing advisory Its basic purpose is to facilitate the and consultative services. The Agency flow of foreign private investment for cooperates with national investment productive purposes to developing insurance schemes, such as OPIC, and member countries by offering long-term with private insurers.

International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes Headquarters: 1818 H Street NW., MSN J2–200, Washington, DC 20433 Phone, 202–458–1534. Fax, 202–522–2615. Internet, http://icsid.worldbank.org/ICSID/. Email, [email protected].

President Jim Yong Kim Secretary-General Meg Kinnear

The International Centre for the The ICSID Convention is a multilateral Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) treaty formulated by the Executive is an autonomous international institution Directors of the International Bank affiliated with the World Bank Group for Reconstruction and Development established under the Convention on (the World Bank). The treaty entered the Settlement of Investment Disputes into force in 1966. There are currently between States and Nationals of Other 159 signatory states to the ICSID States. The Convention sets forth Convention of which 150 countries ICSID’s mandate, organization, and core also deposited their instruments of functions. The primary purpose of ICSID ratification, acceptance, or approval of is to provide facilities for conciliation and the Convention. arbitration of international investment disputes. OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

Below is a list of other international organizations that do not have separate entries elsewhere in the Manual. The United States participates in these organizations in accordance with the provisions of treaties, other international agreements, congressional legislation, or executive arrangements. In some cases, no financial contribution is involved. Various commissions, councils, or committees subsidiary to the organizations listed here are not named separately on this list. These include the international bodies for drugs and crime, which are subsidiary to the United Nations. This listing is provided for reference purposes and should not be considered exhaustive. For more information on international organizations and United States participation in them, contact the State Department’s Bureau of International Organization Affairs. Phone, 202–647–9600. Internet, http://go.usa.gov/UjzR.

I. Specialized Agencies of the United United Nations Interim Security Force for Nations and Related Organizations Abyei (UNISFA) Food and Agricultural Organization United Nations Mission for the International Atomic Energy Agency Referendum in Western Sahara International Civil Aviation Organization (MINURSO) International Fund for Agriculture United Nations Mission in Liberia Development (UNMIL) International Labor Organization United Nations Mission in the Republic International Maritime Organization of South Sudan (UNMISS) International Telecommunication Union United Nations Operation in Côte United Nations Educational, Scientific d’Ivoire (UNOCI) and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) United Nations Organization Universal Postal Union Stabilization Mission in the Democratic World Health Organization Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) World Intellectual Property Organization United Nations Stabilization Mission World Meteorological Organization in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA) II. Peacekeeping and Political Missions Americas Administered by the United Nations United Nations Stabilization Mission in Department of Peacekeeping Operations Haiti (MINUSTAH) Africa Middle East United Nations Hybrid Operation in United Nations Assistance Mission in Darfur (UNAMID) Afghanistan (UNAMA) United Nations Integrated Stabilization United Nations Disengagement Observer Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) Force (UNDOF) 541 542 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon Colombo Plan for Cooperative Economic (UNIFIL) and Social Development in Asia and United Nations Military Observer the Pacific Group in India and Pakistan Commission for Environmental (UNMOGIP) Cooperation United Nations Truce Supervision Commission for Labor Cooperation Organization (UNTSO) International Commission for the Europe Conservation of Atlantic Tunas United Nations Interim Administration North Atlantic Assembly Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) North Atlantic Treaty Organization United Nations Peacekeeping Force in North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Cyprus (UNFICYP) Organization North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission III. Inter-American Organizations North Pacific Coast Guard Forum Border Environment Cooperation North Pacific Marine Science Commission Organization Caribbean Postal Union Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization Inter-American Center of Tax Secretariat of the Pacific Community Administrators South Pacific Regional Environment Inter-American Children’s Institute Program Inter-American Commission of Human Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Rights Commission Inter-American Commission of Women Inter-American Committee Against V. Other International Organizations Terrorism Inter-American Committee on Natural Bioversity International Disaster Reduction Center for International Forestry Research Inter-American Council for Integral (CIFOR) Development Commission for the Conservation of Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Antarctic Marine Living Resources Commission Community of Democracies Inter-American Indian Institute Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Inter-American Institute for Cooperation Organization in Agriculture Consultative Group on International Inter-American Institute for Global Agricultural Research (CGIAR) Change Research COPAS–SARSAT (Search and Rescue Inter-American Investment Corporation Satellite System) Inter-American Telecommunications Global Biodiversity Information Facility Commission Global Environment Facility Inter-American Tropical Tuna Hague Conference on Private Commission International Law Pan American Health Organization Human Frontier Science Program Pan American Institute of Geography and Organization History Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Council Pan American Railway Congress International Agency for Research on Association Cancer (IARC) Postal Union of the Americas, Spain and International Bureau for the Permanent Portugal Court of Arbitration International Bureau of Weights and Measures IV. Regional Organizations International Center for Agricultural Antarctic Treaty System Research in the Dry Areas Arctic Council International Center for the Study of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Preservation and the Restoration of Asia Pacific Energy Research Center Cultural Property Other International Organizations 543 International Coffee Organization Preparatory Commission for the International Committee of the Red Cross Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban (ICRC) Treaty International Cotton Advisory Committee Regional Environmental Center for International Council for the Exploration Central and Eastern Europe of the Seas Science and Technology Center in International Court of Justice Ukraine International Criminal Police Standards and Trade Development Facility Organization (INTERPOL) Wassenaar Arrangement International Customs Tariffs Bureau World Association of Investment International Development Law Promotion Agencies Organization World Customs Organization International Energy Agency World Heritage Fund International Energy Forum Secretariat World Organization for Animal Health International Fertilizer Development World Trade Organization Center International Grains Council VI. Special Voluntary Programs International Hydrographic Organization Asian Vegetable Research and International Institute for Applied Systems Development Center Analysis Convention on International Trade in International Institute for Cotton Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and International Institute for the Unification Flora (CITES) of Private Law Global Fund to Fight HIV/AIDS, International Mobile Satellite Tuberculosis, and Malaria Organization International Council for Science International Organization for Legal International Crop Research Institute for Metrology Semi-Arid Tropics International Organization of Supreme International Federation of the Red Cross Audit Institutions and Red Crescent Societies International Research and Training Institute International Food Policy Research Institute for the Advancement of Women International Fund for Agricultural International Rubber Study Group Development International Science and Technology International Institute of Tropical Center Agriculture International Seed Testing Association International Strategy for Disaster International Sugar Council Reduction International Telecommunications Joint United Nations Program on HIV/ Satellite Organization AIDS (UNAIDS) International Tropical Timber Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization Organization International Union of Credit and Multilateral Fund for the Implementation Investment Insurers (Berne Union) of the Montreal Protocol International Whaling Commission Ramsar Convention on Wetlands Inter-Parliamentary Union United Nations Capital Development Iran-United States Claims Tribunal Fund Multinational Force and Observers United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Nuclear Energy Agency United Nations Conference on Trade and Organization for Economic Cooperation Development and Development United Nations Democracy Fund Organization for the Prohibition of United Nations Development Fund for Chemical Weapons Women (UNIFEM) Organization for Security and United Nations Development Program Cooperation in Europe United Nations Economic Commission Permanent International Association of for Europe Navigation Congresses United Nations Environment Program 544 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL United Nations Framework Convention United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) on Climate Change United Nations Relief and Works Agency United Nations Convention to Combat for Palestine Refugees (UNRWA) Desertification United Nations Voluntary Fund for United Nations High Commissioner for Technical Cooperation in the Field of Human Rights Programs Human Rights United Nations High Commissioner for United Nations Voluntary Fund for the Refugees Programs Victims of Torture United Nations Human Settlements United Nations World Food Program Program (UN HABITAT) World Agroforestry Center SELECTED BILATERAL ORGANIZATIONS

Below is a list of bilateral organizations in which the United States participates with its two neighbors, Mexico and Canada. This listing is for reference purposes only and should not be considered exhaustive.

Border Environment Cooperation International Boundary and Water Commission Commission, United States and Mexico United States Section: P.O. Box 221648, United States Section: Suite C–100, 4171 El Paso, TX 79913. Phone, 877–277– North Mesa Street, El Paso, TX 79902. 1703. Fax, 915–975–8280. E-mail, Phone, 800–262–8857. Internet, www. [email protected]. Internet, www.becc.org. ibwc.state.gov. Mexican Section: Bulevar Tomas Mexican Section: Avenue Universidad Fernadez 8069, Ciudad Juarez, 2180, Zona Chamizal, C.P. 32310, Chihuahua, 32470. Phone, 011–52–656– Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, 32310. 688–4600. Fax, 011–52–656–625–6180. Phone, 011–52–656–639–7951 or Internet, www.cocef.org. 011–52–656–613–7311. Fax, 011–52– 656–613–9943. E-mail, cilamex@cila. Great Lakes Fishery Commission gob.mx. Internet, www.sre.gob.mx/cila. 2100 Commonwealth Boulevard, Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI 48105. Telephone, International Joint Commission—United 734–662–3209. Fax, 734–741–2010. States and Canada Email, [email protected]. Internet, www.glfc. United States Section: 2000 L Street org. NW., Suite 615, Washington, DC 20440. Phone, 202–736–9009. Fax, International Boundary Commission, 202–632–2007. E-mail: commission@ United States and Canada washington.ijc.org. Internet, www.ijc. United States Section: 2000 L Street org. NW., Suite 615, Washington, DC Canadian Section: 234 Laurier Avenue 20036. Phone, 202–736–9102. Fax, West, 22d Floor, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 202–632–2008. E-mail, hipsleyk@ 6K6. Phone, 613–995–2984. Fax, 613– ibcusca.org. Internet, www. 993–5583. E-mail: commission@ottawa. internationalboundarycommission.org. ijc.org. Internet, www.ijc.org. Canadian Section: 575–615 Booth Great Lakes Regional Office: 100 Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0E9 Ouellette Avenue, 8th Floor, Windsor, Canada. Phone, (613) 944–4515. Ontario N9A 6T3. Phone, 519–257– Fax, (613) 992–1122. E-mail, ibc- 6700. Fax, 519–257–6740. E-mail: [email protected]. Internet, www. [email protected]. Internet, www. internationalboundarycommission.org. ijc.org.

545 546 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL International Pacific Halibut Mexican Section: 6th Floor, 1911 Commission Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Mexican 2320 W. Commodore Way, Suite 300, Embassy, Washington, DC 20006. Phone, Seattle, WA 98199–1287. Phone, 206– 202–728–1748. 634–1838. Fax, 206–632–2983. Internet, Permanent Joint Board on Defense— www.iphc.int. United States and Canada United States Section: Room 2E773, Joint Mexican-United States Defense The Pentagon, Washington, DC 20318. Commission Phone, 703–695–8164. United States Section: Room 2E773, Canadian Section: Director of Western The Pentagon, Washington, DC 20318. Hemisphere, 101 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Phone, 703–695–8164. ON K1A 0K2. Phone, 613–992–4423. COMMONLY USED AGENCY ACRONYMS

ABMC AMERICAN BATTLE ATF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, MONUMENTS FIREARMS, AND COMMISSION EXPLOSIVES BUREAU ACF ADMINISTRATION OF ATSDR AGENCY FOR TOXIC CHILDREN AND FAMILIES SUBSTANCES AND ACFR ADMINISTRATIVE DISEASE REGISTRY COMMITTEE OF THE BBG BROADCASTING BOARD FEDERAL REGISTER OF GOVERNORS ADF AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BEA BUREAU OF ECONOMIC FOUNDATION ANALYSIS AFRH ARMED FORCES BGSEEF BARRY M. GOLDWATER RETIREMENT HOME SCHOLARSHIP AHRQ AGENCY FOR AND EXCELLENCE HEALTHCARE RESEARCH IN EDUCATION AND QUALITY FOUNDATION AMS AGRICULTURAL BIA BUREAU OF INDIAN MARKETING SERVICE AFFAIRS AMTRAK NATIONAL RAILROAD BIS BUREAU OF INDUSTRY PASSENGER AND SECURITY CORPORATION BLM BUREAU OF LAND AOA ADMINISTRATION ON MANAGEMENT AGING BLS BUREAU OF LABOR APHIS ANIMAL AND PLANT STATISTICS HEALTH INSPECTION BOP FEDERAL PRISONS SERVICE BUREAU APPAL APPALACHIAN BOR BUREAU OF STATES LOW LEVEL RECLAMATION RADIOACTIVE WASTE BPA BONNEVILLE POWER COMMISSION ADMINISTRATION ARCTIC ARCTIC RESEARCH BPD BUREAU OF PUBLIC COMMISSION DEBT ARS AGRICULTURAL CBO CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE BUDGET OFFICE ARTS NATIONAL FOUNDATION CCC COMMODITY CREDIT ON THE ARTS AND THE CORPORATION HUMANITIES CCJJDP COORDINATING ATBCB ARCHITECTURAL AND COUNCIL ON TRANSPORTATION JUVENILE JUSTICE BARRIERS COMPLIANCE AND DELINQUENCY BOARD PREVENTION

547 548 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

CDC CENTERS FOR DISEASE CSREES COOPERATIVE STATE CONTROL AND RESEARCH, EDUCATION, PREVENTION AND EXTENSION CDFI COMMUNITY SERVICE DEVELOPMENT DARPA DEFENSE ADVANCED FINANCIAL RESEARCH PROJECTS INSTITUTIONS FUND AGENCY CEQ COUNCIL ON DARS DEFENSE ACQUISITION ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS SYSTEM QUALITY DC DENALI COMMISSION CFTC COMMODITY FUTURES DCAA DEFENSE CONTRACT TRADING COMMISSION AUDIT AGENCY CFPB CONSUMER FINANCIAL DEA DRUG ENFORCEMENT PROTECTION BUREAU ADMINISTRATION CIA CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE DEPO DISABILITY EMPLOYMENT AGENCY POLICY OFFICE CITA COMMITTEE FOR THE DFAS DEFENSE FINANCE IMPLEMENTATION OF AND ACCOUNTING TEXTILE AGREEMENTS SERVICES CMS CENTERS FOR MEDICARE DHS DEPARTMENT OF & MEDICAID SERVICES HOMELAND SECURITY CNCS CORPORATION FOR DIA DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE NATIONAL AND AGENCY COMMUNITY SERVICE DISA DEFENSE INFORMATION COE CORPS OF ENGINEERS SYSTEMS AGENCY COFA COMMISSION OF FINE DLA DEFENSE LOGISTICS ARTS AGENCY COLC COPYRIGHT OFFICE, DNFSB DEFENSE NUCLEAR LIBRARY OF CONGRESS FACILITIES SAFETY COPS COMMUNITY ORIENTED BOARD POLICING SERVICES DOC DEPARTMENT OF CORP CORPORATION FOR COMMERCE NATIONAL AND DOD DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY SERVICE DEFENSE CPPBSD COMMITTEE FOR DOE DEPARTMENT OF PURCHASE FROM ENERGY PEOPLE WHO ARE DOI DEPARTMENT OF THE BLIND OR SEVERELY INTERIOR DISABLED DOJ DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE CPSC CONSUMER PRODUCT DOL DEPARTMENT OF LABOR SAFETY COMMISSION DOS DEPARTMENT OF STATE CRB COPYRIGHT ROYALTY DOT DEPARTMENT OF BOARD, LIBRARY OF TRANSPORTATION CONGRESS DRBC DELAWARE RIVER BASIN CRC CIVIL RIGHTS COMMISSION COMMISSION DSCA DEFENSE SECURITY CSB CHEMICAL SAFETY AND COOPERATION AGENCY HAZARD INVESTIGATION DSS DEFENSE SECURITY BOARD SERVICE CSEO CHILD SUPPORT DTRA DEFENSE THREAT ENFORCEMENT OFFICE REDUCTION AGENCY CSOSA COURT SERVICES AND EAB BUREAU OF ECONOMIC OFFENDER SUPERVISION ANALYSIS AGENCY FOR THE EAC ELECTION ASSISTANCE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA COMMISSION Commonly Used Agency Acronyms 549

EBSA EMPLOYEE FCC FEDERAL BENEFITS SECURITY COMMUNICATIONS ADMINISTRATION COMMISSION ECAB EMPLOYEES’ FCIC FEDERAL CROP COMPENSATION INSURANCE APPEALS BOARD CORPORATION ECSA ECONOMICS FCSIC FARM CREDIT AND STATISTICS SYSTEM INSURANCE ADMINISTRATION CORPORATION ED DEPARTMENT OF FDA FOOD AND DRUG EDUCATION ADMINISTRATION EDA ECONOMIC FDIC FEDERAL DEPOSIT DEVELOPMENT INSURANCE ADMINISTRATION CORPORATION EEOC EQUAL EMPLOYMENT FEC FEDERAL ELECTION OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION COMMISSION FEMA FEDERAL EMERGENCY EERE ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND MANAGEMENT AGENCY RENEWABLE ENERGY FERC FEDERAL ENERGY OFFICE REGULATORY EIA ENERGY INFORMATION COMMISSION ADMINISTRATION FFIEC FEDERAL FINANCIAL EIB EXPORT IMPORT BANK INSTITUTIONS OF THE UNITED STATES EXAMINATION COUNCIL EOA ENERGY OFFICE, FHEO FAIR HOUSING AND AGRICULTURE EQUAL OPPORTUNITY DEPARTMENT FHFA FEDERAL HOUSING EOIR EXECUTIVE OFFICE FINANCE AGENCY FOR IMMIGRATION FHFB FEDERAL HOUSING REVIEW FINANCE BOARD EOP EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF FHWA FEDERAL HIGHWAY THE PRESIDENT ADMINISTRATION EPA ENVIRONMENTAL FINCEN FINANCIAL CRIMES PROTECTION AGENCY ENFORCEMENT ERS ECONOMIC RESEARCH NETWORK SERVICE FINCIC FINANCIAL CRISIS ESA EMPLOYMENT INQUIRY COMMISSION STANDARDS FISCAL FISCAL SERVICE ADMINISTRATION FLETC FEDERAL LAW ETA EMPLOYMENT ENFORCEMENT AND TRAINING TRAINING CENTER ADMINISTRATION FLRA FEDERAL LABOR FAA FEDERAL AVIATION RELATIONS AUTHORITY ADMINISTRATION FMC FEDERAL MARITIME FAR FEDERAL ACQUISITION COMMISSION REGULATION FMCS FEDERAL MEDIATION FAS FOREIGN AGRICULTURAL AND CONCILIATION SERVICE SERVICE FASAB FEDERAL ACCOUNTING FMCSA FEDERAL MOTOR STANDARDS ADVISORY CARRIER SAFETY BOARD ADMINISTRATION FBI FEDERAL BUREAU OF FNS FOOD AND NUTRITION INVESTIGATION SERVICE FCA FARM CREDIT FPPO FEDERAL PROCUREMENT ADMINISTRATION POLICY OFFICE 550 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

FR OFFICE OF THE FEDERAL ICEB IMMIGRATION REGISTER AND CUSTOMS FRA FEDERAL RAILROAD ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION BUREAU FRS FEDERAL RESERVE IHS INDIAN HEALTH SERVICE SYSTEM IIO INTERNATIONAL FRTIB FEDERAL RETIREMENT INVESTMENT OFFICE THRIFT INVESTMENT IRS INTERNAL REVENUE BOARD SERVICE FS FOREST SERVICE ISOO INFORMATION SECURITY FSA FARM SERVICE AGENCY OVERSIGHT OFFICE FSIS FOOD SAFETY AND ITA INTERNATIONAL TRADE INSPECTION SERVICE ADMINISTRATION FTA FEDERAL TRANSIT ITC INTERNATIONAL TRADE ADMINISTRATION COMMISSION FTC FEDERAL TRADE JBEA JOINT BOARD FOR COMMISSION ENROLLMENT OF FTZB FOREIGN TRADE ZONES ACTUARIES BOARD LMSO LABOR MANAGEMENT FWS FISH AND WILDLIFE STANDARDS OFFICE SERVICE LOC LIBRARY OF CONGRESS GAO GOVERNMENT LSC LEGAL SERVICES ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE CORPORATION GEO GOVERNMENT ETHICS MARAD MARITIME OFFICE ADMINISTRATION GIPSA GRAIN INSPECTION, MBDA MINORITY BUSINESS PACKERS AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY STOCKYARDS MCC MILLENNIUM ADMINISTRATION CHALLENGE GPO GOVERNMENT PRINTING CORPORATION OFFICE MDA MISSILE DEFENSE GSA GENERAL SERVICES AGENCY ADMINISTRATION MISS MISSISSIPPI RIVER HHS DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH COMMISSION AND HUMAN SERVICES MKU MORRIS K. UDALL HHSIG INSPECTOR GENERAL SCHOLARSHIP OFFICE, HEALTH AND AND EXCELLENCE HUMAN SERVICES IN NATIONAL DEPARTMENT ENVIRONMENTAL HOPE BOARD OF DIRECTORS POLICY FOUNDATION OF THE HOPE FOR MMC MARINE HOMEOWNERS PROGRAM MAMMALCOMMISSION HPAC HISTORIC PRESERVATION, MMS MINERALS ADVISORY COUNCIL MANAGEMENT SERVICE HRSA HEALTH RESOURCES MSHA MINE SAFETY AND SERVICES AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION ADMINISTRATION HST HARRY S. TRUMAN MSHFRC FEDERAL MINE SAFETY SCHOLARSHIP AND HEALTH REVIEW FOUNDATION COMMISSION HUD DEPARTMENT OF MSPB MERIT SYSTEMS HOUSING AND URBAN PROTECTION BOARD DEVELOPMENT NARA NATIONAL ARCHIVES IAF INTER AMERICAN AND RECORDS FOUNDATION ADMINISTRATION Commonly Used Agency Acronyms 551

NASA NATIONAL NPREC NATIONAL PRISON AERONAUTICS AND RAPE ELIMINATION SPACE ADMINISTRATION COMMISSION NASS NATIONAL NPS NATIONAL PARK SERVICE AGRICULTURAL NRC NUCLEAR REGULATORY STATISTICS SERVICE COMMISSION NCA NATIONAL CEMETERY NRCS NATURAL RESOURCES ADMINISTRATION CONSERVATION SERVICE NCD NATIONAL COUNCIL ON NSA NATIONAL SECURITY DISABILITY AGENCY/CENTRAL NCLIS NATIONAL SECURITY SERVICE COMMISSION ON NSF NATIONAL SCIENCE LIBRARIES AND FOUNDATION INFORMATION NTIA NATIONAL SCIENCE TELECOMMUNICATIONS NCPPCC NATIONAL CRIME AND INFORMATION PREVENTION AND ADMINISTRATION PRIVACY COMPACT NTSB NATIONAL COUNCIL TRANSPORTATION NCS NATIONAL SAFETY BOARD COMMUNICATIONS NWTRB NUCLEAR WASTE SYSTEM TECHNICAL REVIEW NCUA NATIONAL BOARD CREDIT UNION OCC COMPTROLLER OF THE ADMINISTRATION CURRENCY NEC NATIONAL ECONOMIC ODNI OFFICE OF THE COUNCIL DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL NEIGHBOR NEIGHBORHOOD INTELLIGENCE REINVESTMENT OEPNU OFFICE OF ENERGY CORPORATION POLICY AND NEW USES NHTSA NATIONAL HIGHWAY OFAC OFFICE OF FOREIGN TRAFFIC SAFETY ASSETS CONTROL ADMINISTRATION OFCCP OFFICE OF FEDERAL NIFA NATIONAL INSTITUTE CONTRACT COMPLIANCE OF FOOD AND PROGRAMS AGRICULTURE OFHEO FEDERAL HOUSING NIGC NATIONAL INDIAN ENTERPRISE OVERSIGHT GAMING COMMISSION OFFICE NIH NATIONAL INSTITUTES OFPP OFFICE OF FEDERAL OF HEALTH PROCUREMENT POLICY NIL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OJJDP JUVENILE JUSTICE FOR LITERACY AND DELINQUENCY NIST NATIONAL INSTITUTE PREVENTION OFFICE OF STANDARDS AND OJP JUSTICE PROGRAMS TECHNOLOGY OFFICE NLRB NATIONAL LABOR OMB OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT RELATIONS BOARD AND BUDGET NMB NATIONAL MEDIATION ONDCP OFFICE OF NATIONAL BOARD DRUG CONTROL POLICY NNSA NATIONAL ONHIR OFFICE OF NAVAJO NUCLEAR SECURITY AND HOPI INDIAN ADMINISTRATION RELOCATION NOAA NATIONAL OCEANIC OPIC OVERSEAS PRIVATE AND ATMOSPHERIC INVESTMENT ADMINISTRATION CORPORATION 552 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

OPM OFFICE OF PERSONNEL RMA RISK MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT AGENCY OPPM OFFICE OF RRB RAILROAD RETIREMENT PROCUREMENT AND BOARD POLICY MANAGEMENT RTB RURAL TELEPHONE BANK OSC OFFICE OF SPECIAL RUS RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE COUNSEL SAMHSA SUBSTANCE ABUSE OSHA OCCUPATIONAL AND MENTAL SAFETY AND HEALTH HEALTH SERVICES ADMINISTRATION ADMINISTRATION OSHRC OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY SBA SMALL BUSINESS AND HEALTH REVIEW ADMINISTRATION COMMISSION SEC SECURITIES AND OSM OFFICE OF SURFACE EXCHANGE MINING RECLAMATION COMMISSION AND ENFORCEMENT SIGIR SPECIAL INSPECTOR OSTP OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND GENERAL FOR IRAQ TECHNOLOGY POLICY RECONSTRUCTION OTS OFFICE OF THRIFT SJI STATE JUSTICE INSTITUTE SUPERVISION SLSDC SAINT LAWRENCE PACIFIC PACIFIC NORTHWEST SEAWAY DEVELOPMENT ELECTRIC POWER CORPORATION AND CONSERVATION SRBC SUSQUEHANNA RIVER PLANNING COUNCIL BASIN COMMISSION PBGC PENSION BENEFIT SSA SOCIAL SECURITY GUARANTY ADMINISTRATION CORPORATION SSS SELECTIVE SERVICE PC PEACE CORPS SYSTEM PHMSA PIPELINE AND STB SURFACE HAZARDOUS TRANSPORTATION MATERIALS SAFETY BOARD ADMINISTRATION SWPA SOUTHWESTERN POWER PHS PUBLIC HEALTH ADMINISTRATION SERVICE TA TECHNOLOGY PRC POSTAL REGULATORY ADMINISTRATION COMMISSION TREAS DEPARTMENT OF THE PRES PRESIDENTIAL TREASURY DOCUMENTS TSA TRANSPORTATION PT PRESIDIO TRUST SECURITY PTO PATENT AND ADMINISTRATION TRADEMARK OFFICE TTB ALCOHOL AND RATB RECOVERY TOBACCO TAX AND ACCOUNTABILITY AND TRADE BUREAU TRANSPARENCY BOARD TVA TENNESSEE VALLEY RBS RURAL BUSINESS AUTHORITY COOPERATIVE SERVICE URMCC UTAH RECLAMATION RHS RURAL HOUSING MITIGATION AND SERVICE CONSERVATION RISC REGULATORY COMMISSION INFORMATION SERVICE USA ARMY DEPARTMENT CENTER USAF AIR FORCE DEPARTMENT RITA RESEARCH AND USAID UNITED STATES AGENCY INNOVATIVE FOR INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION USBC BUREAU OF THE CENSUS Commonly Used Agency Acronyms 553

USCBP CUSTOMS AND BORDER USPC PAROLE COMMISSION PROTECTION BUREAU USPS POSTAL SERVICE USCC U.S. CHINA ECONOMIC USSC UNITED STATES AND SECURITY REVIEW SENTENCING COMMISSION COMMISSION USCERT UNITED STATES USSS SECRET SERVICE COMPUTER EMERGENCY USTR OFFICE OF UNITED READINESS TEAM STATES TRADE USCG COAST GUARD REPRESENTATIVE USCIS U.S. CITIZENSHIP AND USUHS UNIFORMED SERVICES IMMIGRATION SERVICES UNIVERSITY OF THE USDA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SCIENCES AGRICULTURE VA DEPARTMENT OF USEIB EXPORT IMPORT BANK VETERANS AFFAIRS USGS U.S. GEOLOGICAL VCNP VALLES CALDERA TRUST SERVICE VETS VETERANS EMPLOYMENT USHMM UNITED STATES AND TRAINING SERVICE HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL WAPA WESTERN AREA POWER MUSEUM ADMINISTRATION USIP UNITED STATES WCPO WORKERS INSTITUTE OF PEACE COMPENSATION USJC JUDICIAL CONFERENCE PROGRAMS OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES WHD WAGE AND HOUR USMINT UNITED STATES MINT DIVISION USN NAVY DEPARTMENT

HISTORY OF AGENCY ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGES

Note: Italicized terms indicate obsolete agencies, organizations, and programs. Refer to the name of the obsolete entity in this index for more explanation. Some dates prior to March 4, 1933 are included to provide additional information. Entries are indexed using the most significant term in their titles, or when there is more than one significant term, the entry uses the first significant term. Thus, Bureau of the Budget is found at Budget, Bureau of the, and Annual Assay Commission is found at Assay Commission, Annual.

Accounting Office, General Established by act of Board. Military order of July 5, 1939, revoked by June 10, 1921 (42 Stat. 20). Renamed Government military order of Oct. 18, 1948. Accountability Office by act of July 7, 2004 (118 Stat. 814). Aeronautics, Bureau of Established in the Department of the Navy by act of July 12, 1921 (42 ACTION Established by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1971 Stat. 140). Abolished by act of Aug. 18, 1959 (73 Stat. (5 U.S.C. app.), effective July 1, 1971. Reorganized 395) and functions transferred to Bureau of Naval by act of Oct. 1, 1973 (87 Stat. 405). Functions Weapons. relating to SCORE and ACT programs transferred to Small Business Administration by EO 11871 of Aeronautics, National Advisory Committee July 18, 1975 (40 FR 30915). Functions exercised for Established by act of Mar. 3, 1915 (38 Stat. 930). by the Director of ACTION prior to Mar. 31, 1995, Terminated by act of July 29, 1958 (72 Stat. 432), and transferred to the Corporation for National and functions transferred to National Aeronautics and Community Service (107 Stat. 888 and Proclamation Space Administration, established by same act. 6662 of Apr. 4, 1994 (57 FR 16507)). Aeronautics Administration, Civil See Aeronautics Acts of Congress See State, Department of Authority, Civil

Administrative Conference of the United Aeronautics Authority, Civil Established under States Established by act of Aug. 30, 1964 (78 Stat. act of June 23, 1938 (52 Stat. 973). Renamed Civil 615). Terminated by act of Nov. 19, 1995 (109 Stat. Aeronautics Board and Administrator transferred 480). Reauthorized in 2004, 2008, and 2009 by to the Department of Commerce by Reorg. Plan acts of Oct. 30, 2004 (118 Stat. 2255), July 30, 2008 Nos. III and IV of 1940, effective June 30, 1940. (122 Stat. 2914), and March 11, 2009 (123 Stat. 656). Office of Administrator designated Civil Aeronautics Reestablished by Congress on Mar. 3, 2010 upon Administration by Department Order 52 of Aug. confirmation of chairman. 29, 1940. Administration transferred to Federal Aviation Agency by act of Aug. 23, 1958 (72 Stat. Advanced Research Projects Agency See Defense 810). Functions of Board under act of Aug. 23, 1958 Advanced Research Projects Agency (72 Stat. 775), transferred to National Transportation Safety Board by act of Oct. 15, 1966 (80 Stat. 931). Advisory Board. See other part of title Functions of Board terminated or transferred— effective in part Dec. 31, 1981; in part Jan. 1, 1983; Advisory Committee. See other part of title and in part Jan. 1, 1985—by act of Aug. 23, 1958 (92 Stat. 1744). Most remaining functions transferred to Advisory Council. See other part of title Secretary of Transportation, remainder to U.S. Postal Service. Termination of Board finalized by act of Oct. Aeronautical Board Organized in 1916 by 4, 1984 (98 Stat. 1703). agreement of War and Navy Secretaries. Placed under supervision of President by military order of Aeronautics Board, Civil See Aeronautics July 5, 1939. Dissolved by Secretary of Defense Authority, Civil letter of July 27, 1948, and functions transferred to Munitions Board and Research and Development Aeronautics Branch Established in the Department of Commerce to carry out provisions of act of May 555 556 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

20, 1926 (44 Stat. 568). Renamed Bureau of Air 1942, consolidating Agricultural Adjustment Agency, Commerce by Secretary’s administrative order of July Sugar Agency, Federal Crop Insurance Corporation, 1, 1934. Personnel and property transferred to Civil and Soil Conservation Service. Consolidated into Aeronautics Authority by EO 7959 of Aug. 22, 1938. Food Production Administration by EO 9280 of Dec. 5, 1942. Aeronautics and Space Council, National Established by act of July 29, 1958 (72 Agricultural Conservation Program Stat. 427). Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1973, Service Established by Secretary of Agriculture effective June 30, 1973. Jan. 21, 1953, from part of Production and Marketing Administration. Merged with Commodity Aging, Administration on Established by Secretary Stabilization Service by Secretary’s Memorandum of Health, Education, and Welfare on Oct. 1, 1965, 1446, supp. 2, of Apr. 19, 1961. to carry out provisions of act of July 14, 1965 (79 Stat. 218). Reassigned to Social and Rehabilitation Agricultural Developmental Service, Service by Department reorganization of Aug. 15, International Established by Secretary of Agriculture 1967. Transferred to Office of Assistant Secretary memorandum of July 12, 1963. Functions and for Human Development by Secretary’s order delegations of authority transferred to Foreign of June 15, 1973. Transferred to the Office of Agricultural Service by Secretary’s memorandum of the Secretary of Health and Human Services by Mar. 28, 1969. Functions transferred by Secretary Secretary’s reorganization notice dated Apr. 15, 1991. to Foreign Economic Development Service Nov. 8, Transferred to the Administration for Community 1969. Living by Department’s notice of April 18, 2012 (77 FR 23250). Agricultural Economics, Bureau of Established by act of May 11, 1931 (42 Stat. 532). Functions Aging, Federal Council on Established by transferred to other units of the Department of Presidential memorandum of Apr. 2, 1956. Agriculture, including Consumer and Marketing Reconstituted at Federal level by Presidential letter of Service and Agricultural Research Service, under Mar. 7, 1959, to Secretary of Health, Education, and Secretary’s Memorandum 1320, supp. 4, of Nov. 2, Welfare. Abolished by EO 11022 of May 15, 1962, 1953. which established President’s Council on Aging. Agricultural Engineering, Bureau of Established by Aging, Office of Established by Secretary of Health, act of Feb. 23, 1931 (46 Stat. 1266). Merged with Education, and Welfare June 2, 1955, as Special Staff Bureau of Chemistry and Soils by Secretarial order on Aging. Terminated Sept. 30, 1965, and functions of Oct. 16, 1938, to form Bureau of Agricultural assumed by Administration on Aging. Chemistry and Engineering.

Aging, President’s Council on Established by EO Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry, Bureau 11022 of May 14, 1962. Terminated by EO 11022, of Bureau of Chemistry and Bureau of Soils, created which was revoked by EO 12379 of Aug. 17, 1982. in 1901, combined into Bureau of Chemistry and Soils by act of Jan. 18, 1927 (44 Stat. 976). Soils Agricultural Adjustment Administration Established units transferred to other agencies of the Department by act of May 12, 1933 (48 Stat. 31). Consolidated of Agriculture and remaining units of Bureau of into Agricultural Conservation and Adjustment Chemistry and Soils and Bureau of Agricultural Administration as Agricultural Adjustment Agency, Engineering consolidated with Bureau of Agricultural Department of Agriculture, by EO 9069 of Feb. 23, Chemistry and Engineering by Secretary’s order 1942. Grouped with other agencies to form Food of Oct. 16, 1938. In February 1943 agricultural Production Administration by EO 9280 of Dec. 5, engineering research made part of Bureau of Plant 1942. Transferred to War Food Administration by EO Industry, Soils, and Agricultural Engineering, and 9322 of Mar. 26, 1943. Administration terminated organization for continuing agricultural chemistry by EO 9577 of June 29, 1945, and functions research relating to crop utilization named Bureau of transferred to Secretary of Agriculture. Transfer made Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry, in accordance permanent by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1946, effective with Research Administration Memorandum 5 July 16, 1946. Functions of Agricultural Adjustment issued pursuant to EO 9069 of Feb. 23, 1942, and in Agency consolidated with Production and Marketing conformity with Secretary’s Memorandums 960 and Administration by Secretary’s Memorandum 1118 of 986. Functions transferred to Agricultural Research Aug. 18, 1945. Service under Secretary’s Memorandum 1320, supp. 4, of Nov. 2, 1953. Agricultural Adjustment Agency See Agricultural Adjustment Administration Agricultural Library, National Established by Secretary of Agriculture Memorandum 1496 of Mar. Agricultural Advisory Commission, 23, 1962. Consolidated into Science and Education National Established by EO 10472 of July 20, 1953. Administration by Secretary’s order of Jan. 24, 1978. Terminated Feb. 4, 1965, on resignation of members. Reestablished as National Agricultural Library by Secretary’s order of June 16, 1981. Became part Agricultural Chemistry and Engineering, Bureau of Agricultural Research Service in 1994 under of See Agricultural Engineering, Bureau of Department of Agriculture reorganization.

Agricultural Conservation and Adjustment Agricultural Marketing Administration Established Administration Established by EO 9069 of Feb. 23, by EO 9069 of Feb. 23, 1942, consolidating Surplus History of Agency Organizational Changes 557

Marketing Administration, Agricultural Marketing functions transferred for liquidation to Federal Service, and Commodity Exchange Administration. Aviation Agency. Division of Consumers’ Counsel transferred to Administration by Secretary’s memorandum of Air Force, National Commission on the Structure of Feb. 28, 1942. Consolidated into Food Distribution the Established by act of January 2, 2013 (126 Stat. Administration in the Department of Agriculture by 1703). Terminated 90 days after submission of final EO 9280 of Dec. 5, 1942. report to President on May 1, 2014.

Agricultural Marketing Service Established by Air Force Management Engineering the Secretary of Agriculture pursuant to act of June Agency Established in 1975 in Air Force as 30, 1939 (53 Stat. 939). Merged into Agricultural separate operating unit. Made subordinate unit of Marketing Administration by EO 9069 of Feb. 23, Air Force Military Personnel Center (formerly Air 1942. Renamed Consumer and Marketing Service by Force Manpower and Personnel Center) in 1978. Secretary’s Memorandum 1567, supp. 1, of Feb. 8, Reestablished as separate operating unit of Air Force, 1965. Reestablished as Agricultural Marketing Service effective Mar. 1, 1985, by Secretarial order. by the Secretary of Agriculture on Apr. 2, 1972, under authority of Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1953 (67 Stat. 633). Air Force Manpower and Personnel Center Certain functions transferred on activation of Air Force Agricultural Relations, Office of Foreign See Management Engineering Agency, which was made Agricultural Service, Foreign separate operating unit from Air Force Manpower and Personnel Center (later Air Force Military Personnel Agricultural Research Administration Established Center) in April 1985 by general order of Chief of by EO 9069 of Feb. 23, 1942. Superseded by Staff. Agricultural Research Service. Air Force Medical Service Center Renamed Air Agricultural Research Service Established by Force Office of Medical Support by Program Action Secretary of Agriculture Memorandum 1320, supp. Directive 85–1 of Mar. 6, 1985, approved by Air 4, of Nov. 2, 1953. Consolidated into Science and Force Vice Chief of Staff. Education Administration by Secretary’s order of Jan. 24, 1978. Reestablished as Agricultural Research Air Mail, Bureau of Established in Interstate Service by Secretarial order of June 16, 1981. Commerce Commission to carry out provisions of act of June 12, 1934 (48 Stat. 933). Personnel and Agricultural Service, Foreign Established by act property transferred to Civil Aeronautics Authority by of June 5, 1930 (46 Stat. 497). Economic research EO 7959 of Aug. 22, 1938. and agricultural attache´ activities administered by Foreign Agricultural Service Division, Bureau Air Patrol, Civil Established in Civilian Defense of Agricultural Economics, until June 29, 1939. Office by Administrative Order 9 of Dec. 8, 1941. Transferred by Reorg. Plan No. II of 1939, effective Transferred to Department of War as auxiliary of July 1, 1939, from the Department of Agriculture Army Air Forces by EO 9339 of Apr. 29, 1943. to the Department of State. Economic research Transferred to the Department of the Air Force functions of Division transferred to Office of Foreign by Secretary of Defense order of May 21, 1948. Agricultural Relations June 30, 1939. Functions of Established as civilian auxiliary of U.S. Air Force by Office transferred to Foreign Agricultural Service act of May 26, 1948 (62 Stat. 274). Mar. 10, 1953. Agricultural attache´s placed in the Department of Agriculture by act of Aug. 28, 1954 Air Safety Board Established by act of June 23, (68 Stat. 908). 1938 (52 Stat. 973). Functions transferred to Civil Aeronautics Board by Reorg. Plan No. IV of 1940, Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation effective June 30, 1940. Service Established June 5, 1961, by the Secretary of Agriculture under authority of revised statutes (5 Airways Modernization Board Established by act of U.S.C. 301) and Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1953 (5 U.S.C. Aug. 14, 1957 (71 Stat. 349). Transferred to Federal app.). Abolished and functions assumed by the Farm Aviation Agency by EO 10786 of Nov. 1, 1958. Service Agency by Secretary’s Memorandum 1010– 1 dated Oct. 20, 1994 (59 FR 60297, 60299). Alaska, Board of Road Commissioners for Established in Department of War by act of Agricultural Statistics Division Transferred to Jan. 27, 1905 (33 Stat. 616). Functions transferred Bureau of Agricultural Economics by EO 9069 of Feb. to the Department of Interior by act of June 30, 23, 1942. 1932 (47 Stat. 446), and delegated to Alaska Road Commission. Functions transferred to the Department Agriculture, Division of See Farm Products, of Commerce by act of June 29, 1956 (70 Stat. 377), Division of and terminated by act of June 25, 1959 (73 Stat. 145).

Air Commerce, Bureau of See Aeronautics Branch Alaska, Federal Field Committee for Development Planning in Established by EO 11182 of Oct. 2, Air Coordinating Committee Established Mar. 1964. Abolished by EO 11608 of July 19, 1971. 27, 1945, by interdepartmental memorandum; formally established by EO 9781 of Sept. 19, 1946. Alaska, Federal Reconstruction and Development Terminated by EO 10883 of Aug. 11, 1960, and Planning Commission for Established by EO 11150 of Apr. 2, 1964. Abolished by EO 11182 of 558 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Oct. 2, 1964, which established President’s Review 1930, with relation to enforcement of criminal laws Committee for Development Planning in Alaska and concerning intoxicating liquors remaining in effect Federal Field Committee for Development Planning after repeal of 18th amendment; personnel of, and in Alaska. appropriations for, Bureau of Industrial Alcohol; and necessary personnel and appropriations of Bureau of Alaska, President’s Review Committee for Prohibition, Department of Justice. Development Planning in Established by EO 11182 of Oct. 2, 1964. Superseded by Federal Advisory Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Council on Regional Economic Development Administration Established by the Secretary of established by EO 11386 of Dec. 28, 1967. EO Health, Education, and Welfare by act of May 21, 11386 revoked by EO 12553 f Feb. 25, 1986. 1972 (88 Stat. 134). Redesignated as an agency of the Public Health Service from the National Institute Alaska Communication System Operational of Mental Health Sept. 25, 1973, by the Secretary of responsibility vested in Secretary of the Army by Health, Education, and Welfare. Functions transferred act of May 26, 1900 (31 Stat. 206). Transferred to to the Department of Health and Human Services by Secretary of the Air Force by Secretary of Defense act of Oct. 17, 1979 (93 Stat. 695). Established as an reorganization order of May 24, 1962. agency of the Public Health Service by act of Oct. 27, 1986 (100 Stat. 3207– 106). Renamed Substance Alaska Engineering Commission See Alaska Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration by Railroad act of July 10, 1992 (106 Stat. 325).

Alaska Game Commission Established by act of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute Jan. 13, 1925 (43 Stat. 740). Expired Dec. 31, 1959, on Established within the National Institute of pursuant to act of July 7, 1958 (72 Stat. 339). Mental Health, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare by act of Dec. 31, 1970 (84 Stat. 1848). Alaska International Rail and Highway Removed from within the National Institute of Mental Commission Established by act of Aug. 1, 1956 (70 Health and made an entity within the Alcohol, Drug Stat. 888). Terminated June 30, 1961, under terms Abuse, and Mental Health Administration by act of of act. May 14, 1974 (88 Stat. 1356). Functions transferred to the Department of Health and Human Services by Alaska Natural Gas Transportation System, act of Oct. 17, 1979 (93 Stat. 695). (See also act of Office of Federal Inspector of Construction for Oct. 27, 1986; 100 Stat. 3207–106.) Abolished by act the Established by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1979 (5 of July 10, 1992 (106 Stat. 331). Reestablished by act U.S.C. app.), effective July 1, 1979. Abolished by act of July 10, 1992 (106 Stat. 359). of Oct. 24, 1992 (106 Stat. 3128) and functions and authority vested in the Inspector transferred to the Alcohol Administration, Federal See Alcohol Secretary of Energy. Functions vested in the Secretary Control Administration, Federal of Energy transferred to the Federal Coordinator, Office of the Federal Coordinator for Alaska Natural Alcohol Control Administration, Gas Transportation Projects by act of Oct. 13, 2004 Federal Established by EO 6474 of Dec. 4, 1933. (118 Stat. 1261). Abolished Sept. 24, 1935, on induction into office of Administrator, Federal Alcohol Administration, Alaska Power Administration Established by the as provided in act of Aug. 29, 1935 (49 Stat. 977). Secretary of the Interior in 1967. Transferred to the Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. III of 1940, effective Department of Energy by act of Aug. 4, 1977 (91 Stat. June 30, 1940, and functions consolidated with 578). activities of Internal Revenue Service.

Alaska Railroad Built pursuant to act of Mar. Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, Bureau 12, 1914 (38 Stat. 305), which created Alaska of Established within Treasury Department by Engineering Commission. Placed under the Secretary Treasury Order No. 221, eff. July 1, 1972. Transferred of the Interior by EO 2129 of Jan. 26, 1915, and to Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and renamed Alaska Railroad by EO 3861 of June 8, Explosives in Justice Department by act of Nov. 25, 1923. Authority to regulate tariffs granted to Interstate 2002, except some authorities, functions, personnel, Commerce Commission by EO 11107 of Apr. 25, and assets relating to administration and enforcement 1963. Authority to operate Railroad transferred to of certain provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of the Secretary of Transportation by act of Oct. 15, 1986 and title 27 of the U.S. Code (116 Stat. 2275). 1966 (80 Stat. 941), effective Apr. 1, 1967. Railroad purchased by State of Alaska, effective Jan. 5, 1985. Alexander Hamilton Bicentennial Commission Established by act of Aug. 20, 1954 Alaska Road Commission See Alaska, Board of (68 Stat. 746). Terminated Apr. 30, 1958. Road Commissioners for Alien Property Custodian Appointed by President Alcohol, Bureau of Industrial Established by act Oct. 22, 1917, under authority of act of Oct. 6, 1917 of May 27, 1930 (46 Stat. 427). Consolidated into (40 Stat. 415). Office transferred to Alien Property Bureau of Internal Revenue by EO 6166 of June 10, Division, Department of Justice, by EO 6694 of May 1933. Consolidation deferred until May 11, 1934, 1, 1934. Powers vested in President by act delegated by EO 6639 of Mar. 10, 1934. Order also transferred to Attorney General by EO 8136 of May 15, 1939. to Internal Revenue Commissioner certain functions Authority vested in Attorney General by EO’s 6694 imposed on Attorney General by act of May 27, and 8136 transferred by EO 9142 of Apr. 21, 1942, History of Agency Organizational Changes 559 to Office of Alien Property Custodian, Office for Stat. 378). Terminated on establishment of Federal Emergency Management, as provided for by EO 9095 Records Council by act of Sept. 5, 1950 (64 Stat. of Mar. 11, 1942. 583).

American Forces Information Service Established Archives Establishment, National Office of by Secretary of Defense Directive 5122.10 of March Archivist of the U.S. and National Archives created 13, 1989. Dissolved by Secretary’s Directive 5105.74 by act of June 19, 1934 (48 Stat. 1122). Transferred of Dec. 18, 2007 and functions transferred to Defense to General Services Administration by act of June Media Activity effective Oct. 1, 2008. 30, 1949 (63 Stat. 381), and incorporated as National Archives and Records Service by order American Republics, Office for Coordination of General Services Administrator, together with of Commercial and Cultural Relations between functions of Division of the Federal Register, National the Established by Council of National Defense Archives Council, National Historical Publications order approved by President Aug. 16, 1940. Commission, National Archives Trust Fund Board, Succeeded by Office of the Coordinator of Inter- Trustees of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, and American Affairs, Office for Emergency Management, Administrative Committee of the Federal Register. established by EO 8840 of July 30, 1941. Renamed Transferred from General Services Administration Office of Inter-American Affairs by EO 9532 of to National Archives and Records Administration Mar. 23, 1945. Information functions transferred by act of Oct. 19, 1984 (98 Stat. 2283), along with to the Department of State by EO 9608 of Aug. 31, certain functions of Administrator of General Services 1945. Terminated by EO 9710 of Apr. 10, 1946, and transferred to Archivist of the United States, effective functions transferred to the Department of State, Apr. 1, 1985. functioning as Institute of Inter-American Affairs. Transferred to Foreign Operations Administration by Archives and Records Service, National See Reorg. Plan No. 7, effective Aug. 1, 1953. Archives Establishment, National

American Revolution Bicentennial Archives Trust Fund Board, National See Archives Administration See American Revolution Establishment, National Bicentennial Commission Area Redevelopment Administration Established American Revolution Bicentennial May 8, 1961, by the Secretary of Commerce pursuant Commission Established by act of July 4, 1966 to act of May 1, 1961 (75 Stat. 47) and Reorg. Plan (80 Stat. 259). American Revolution Bicentennial No. 5 of 1950, effective May 24, 1950. Terminated Administration established by act of Dec. 11, 1973 Aug. 31, 1965, by act of June 30, 1965 (79 Stat. 195). (87 Stat. 697), to replace Commission. Administration Functions transferred to Economic Development terminated June 30, 1977, pursuant to terms of Administration in the Department of Commerce by act. Certain continuing functions transferred to the Department Order 4–A, effective Sept. 1, 1965. Secretary of the Interior by EO 12001 of June 29, 1977. Arlington Memorial Amphitheater Commission Established by act of Mar. 4, 1921 (41 Anacostia Neighborhood Museum Renamed Stat. 1440). Abolished by act of Sept. 2, 1960 (74 Anacostia Museum by Smithsonian Institution Stat. 739), and functions transferred to the Secretary announcement of Apr. 3, 1987. of Defense.

Animal Industry, Bureau of Established in the Arlington Memorial Bridge Commission Established Department of Agriculture by act of May 29, 1884 by act of Mar. 4, 1913 (37 Stat. 885; D.C. Code (1951 (23 Stat. 31). Functions transferred to Agricultural ed.) 8–158). Abolished by EO 6166 of June 10, 1933, Research Service by Secretary’s Memorandum 1320, and functions transferred to Office of National Parks, supp. 4, of Nov. 2, 1953. Buildings, and Reservations.

Apprenticeship, Federal Committee on Previously Armed Forces, U.S. Court of Appeals for the See known as Federal Committee on Apprentice Military Appeals, United States Court of Training, established by EO 6750–C of June 27, 1934. Functioned as part of Division of Labor Armed Forces, Industrial College of the Renamed Standards, Department of Labor, pursuant to act of Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security Aug. 16, 1937 (50 Stat. 664). Transferred to Office of and Resource Strategy by act of Dec. 31, 2011 (125 Administrator, Federal Security Agency, by EO 9139 Stat. 1701). of Apr. 18, 1942. Transferred to Bureau of Training, War Manpower Commission, by EO 9247 of Sept. Armed Forces Medical Library Founded in 1836 as 17, 1942. Returned to the Department of Labor by Library of the Surgeon General’s Office, U.S. Army. EO 9617 of Sept. 19, 1945. Later known as Army Medical Library, then Armed Forces Medical Library in 1952. Personnel and Archive of Folksong Renamed Archive of Folk property transferred to National Library of Medicine Culture by administrative order of Deputy Librarian established in Public Health Service by act of Aug. 3, of Congress, effective Sept. 21, 1981. 1956 (70 Stat. 960).

Archives Council, National Established by act of Armed Forces Museum Advisory Board, June 19, 1934 (48 Stat. 1122). Transferred to General National Established by act of Aug. 30, 1961 (75 Services Administration by act of June 30, 1949 (63 560 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Stat. 414). Functions discontinued due to lack of Arts, Advisory Committee on the Established funding. under authority of act of Sept. 20, 1961 (75 Stat. 527). Terminated July 1973 by act of Oct. 6, 1972. Armed Forces Staff College Renamed Joint Forces Formally abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1977, Staff College by act of Oct. 30, 2000 (144 Stat. effective Apr. 1, 1978. 165A–230). Arts, National Council on the Established in Armed Services Renegotiation Board Established Executive Office of the President by act of Sept. by Secretary of Defense directive of July 19, 1948. 3, 1964 (78 Stat. 905). Transferred to National Abolished by Secretary’s letter of Jan. 18, 1952, and Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities by act of functions transferred to Renegotiation Board. Sept. 29, 1965 (79 Stat. 845).

Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, Assay Commission, Annual Established initially by U.S. Established by act of Sept. 26, 1961 (75 Stat. act of Apr. 2, 1792 (1 Stat. 250) and by act of Feb. 631). Abolished by act of Oct. 21, 1998 (112 Stat. 12, 1873 (Revised Statute sec. 3647; 17 Stat. 432). 2681– 767) and functions transferred to the Secretary Terminated and functions transferred to the Secretary of State. of the Treasury by act of Mar. 14, 1980 (94 Stat. 98).

Army Communications Command, U.S. Renamed Assistance, Bureau of Public Renamed Bureau of U.S. Army Information Systems Command by Family Services by order of the Secretary of Health, Department General Order No. 26 of July 25, 1984. Education, and Welfare, effective Jan. 1, 1962. Functions redelegated to Social and Rehabilitation Army Industrial College Established in Department Service by Secretary’s reorganization of Aug. 15, of War by General Order No. 7 of February 25, 1924. 1967. Renamed The Industrial College of the Armed Forces by Department of War memorandum of April 11, Assistance Coordinating Committee, 1946. Adjustment Established by act of Jan. 3, 1975 (88 Stat. 2040). Inactive since 1981. Army Materiel Development and Readiness Command, U.S. Renamed U.S. Army Materiel Assistance Payments Administration Established Command by Department General Order No. 28 of by Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare Aug. 15, 1984. reorganization of Aug. 15, 1967. Transferred by Secretary’s reorganization of Mar. 8, 1977 (42 FR Army and Navy, Joint Board Placed under direction 13262), from Social and Rehabilitation Service to of President by military order of July 5, 1939. Social Security Administration. Abolished Sept. 1, 1947, by joint letter of Aug. 20, 1947, to President from Secretaries of War and Navy. Athletics, Interagency Committee on International Established by EO 11117 of Aug. 13, Army and Navy Staff College Established Apr. 1963. Terminated by EO 11515 of Mar. 13, 1970. 23, 1943, and operated under Joint Chiefs of Staff. Redesignated the National War College, effective July Atlantic-Pacific Interoceanic Canal Study 1, 1946. Commission Established by act of Sept. 22, 1964 (78 Stat. 990). Terminated Dec. 1, 1970, pursuant to Army Specialist Corps Established in Department terms of act. of War by EO 9078 of Feb. 26, 1942. Abolished by the Secretary of War Oct. 31, 1942, and functions Atomic Energy Commission Established by act of merged into central Officer Procurement Service. Aug. 1, 1946 (60 Stat. 755). Abolished by act of Oct. 11, 1974 (88 Stat. 1237) and functions transferred to Arts, National Collection of Fine Established within Energy Research and Development Administration Smithsonian Institution by act of Mar. 24, 1937 (50 and Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Stat. 51). Renamed National Museum of American Art in Smithsonian Institution by act of Oct. 13, 1980 Aviation, Interdepartmental Committee on Civil (94 Stat. 1884). International Established by Presidential letter of June 20, 1935. Terminated on organization of Civil Arthritis, Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney Aeronautics Authority. Diseases, National Institute of See Arthritis, Metabolism, and Digestive Diseases, National Aviation Agency, Federal Established by act of Institute of Aug. 23, 1958 (72 Stat. 731). Transferred to Secretary of Transportation by act of Oct. 15, 1966 (80 Stat. Arthritis, Metabolism, and Digestive Diseases, 931). Agency reestablished as Federal Aviation National Institute of Renamed National Institute Administration by act of Jan 12, 1983 (96 Stat. 2416). of Arthritis, Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney Diseases by Secretary’s order of June 15, 1981, Aviation Commission, Federal Established by act pursuant to act of Dec. 19, 1980 (94 Stat. 3184). of June 12, 1934 (48 Stat. 938). Terminated Feb. 1, Renamed National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive 1935, under provisions of act. and Kidney Diseases and National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases by Beltsville Research Center Established to operate act of Nov. 20, 1985 (99 Stat. 820). with other agencies of the Department of Agriculture under Agricultural Research Administration. History of Agency Organizational Changes 561

Consolidated into Agricultural Research Bond and Spirits Division Established as Taxes and Administration, the Department of Agriculture, by EO Penalties Unit, as announced by Assistant to Attorney 9069 of Feb. 23, 1942. General in departmental circular of May 25, 1934, pursuant to EO 6639 of May 10, 1934. Abolished by Bilingual Education and Minority Languages Affairs, administrative order of October 1942, and functions Office of Renamed Office of English Language transferred to Tax, Claims, and Criminal Divisions, Acquisition, Language Enhancement, and Academic Department of Justice. Achievement for Limited English Proficient Students by act of Jan. 8, 2002 (115 Stat. 2089). Bonneville Power Administration Established by the Secretary of the Interior pursuant to act of Aug. 20, Biobased Products and Bioenergy, Advisory 1937 (50 Stat. 731). Transferred to the Department of Committee on Established by EO 13134 of June 3, Energy by act of Aug. 4, 1977 (91 Stat. 578). 1999. Abolished by EO 13423 of Jan. 24, 2007. Boston National Historic Sites Biobased Products and Bioenergy, Interagency Commission Established by joint resolution of June Council on Established by EO 13134 of June 3, 16, 1955 (69 Stat. 137). Terminated June 16, 1960, 1999. Abolished by EO 13423 of Jan. 24, 2007. by act of Feb. 19, 1957 (71 Stat. 4).

Biobased Products and Bioenergy Coordination Brazil-U.S. Defense Commission, Joint Established Office, National Established by EO 13134 of June in May 1942 by agreement between the U.S. and 3, 1999. Abolished by EO 13423 of Jan. 24, 2007. Brazil. Terminated in September 1977 at direction of Brazilian Government. Biological Service, National Established in the Department of the Interior in 1995 by Secretarial Broadcast Bureau Merged with Cable Television order. Transferred to U.S. Geological Survey as new Bureau to form Mass Media Bureau by Federal Biological Resources Division by Secretarial Order Communications Commission order, effective Nov. No. 3202, Sept. 30, 1996. 30, 1982.

Biological Survey, Bureau of Established by Broadcast Intelligence Service, Foreign See Secretary’s order July 1, 1885, as part of Division Broadcast Monitoring Service, Foreign of Entomology, Department of Agriculture. Made separate bureau by act of Apr. 23, 1904 (33 Stat. Broadcast Monitoring Service, Foreign Established 276). Transferred to the Department of the Interior in Federal Communications Commission by by Reorg. Plan No. II of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. Presidential directive of Feb. 26, 1941. Renamed Consolidated with Bureau of Fisheries into Fish and Foreign Broadcast Intelligence Service by FCC order Wildlife Service by Reorg. Plan No. III of 1940, of July 28, 1942. Transferred to Department of War effective June 30, 1940. by Secretarial order of Dec. 30, 1945. Act of May 3, 1945 (59 Stat. 110), provided for liquidation 60 Biological Survey, National Established in the days after Japanese armistice. Transferred to Central Department of the Interior by Secretarial Order 3173 Intelligence Group Aug. 5, 1946, and renamed of Sept. 29, 1993. Renamed National Biological Foreign Broadcast Information Service. Service by Secretarial order in 1995. Budget, Bureau of the Established by act of June 10, Blind, Inc., American Printing House for 1921 (42 Stat. 20), in the Department of the Treasury the Established in 1858 as privately owned under immediate direction of President. Transferred institution in Louisville, KY. Functions of the Secretary to Executive Office of the President by Reorg. Plan of the Treasury, except that relating to perpetual trust No. I of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. Reorganized by funds, transferred to Federal Security Agency by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1970, effective July 1, 1970, and Reorg. Plan No. II of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. renamed Office of Management and Budget. Functions performed by Department of Health, Education, and Welfare transferred to the Department Buildings Administration, Public Established as of Education. part of Federal Works Agency by Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. Abolished by act of June Blind-made Products, Committee on Purchases 30, 1949 (63 Stat. 380), and functions transferred to of Established by act of June 25, 1938 (52 Stat. General Services Administration. 1196). Renamed Committee for Purchase of Products and Services of the Blind and Other Severely Buildings Branch, Public Organized in Procurement Handicapped by act of June 23, 1971 (85 Stat. 77). Division, established in the Department of the Renamed Committee for Purchase from the Blind and Treasury by EO 6166 of June 10, 1933. Consolidated Other Severely Handicapped by act of July 25, 1974 with Branch of Buildings Management, National Park (88 Stat. 392). Renamed Committee for Purchase Service, to form Public Buildings Administration, From People Who Are Blind or Severely Disabled by Federal Works Agency, under Reorg. Plan No. I of act of Oct. 29, 1992 (106 Stat. 4486). 1939, effective July 1, 1939.

Blind and Other Severely Handicapped, Committee Buildings Commission, Public Established by act for Purchase of Products and Services of the See of July 1, 1916 (39 Stat. 328). Abolished by EO 6166 Blind-made Products, Committee on Purchases of of June 10, 1933, and functions transferred to Office of National Parks, Buildings, and Reservations, Board. See other part of title Department of the Interior. Functions transferred 562 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL to Public Buildings Administration, Federal Works 17, 1986 (100 Stat. 4229), and functions transferred Agency, under Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, effective to the Secretary of the Interior. July 1, 1939. Canal Zone Government Established by act of Aug. Buildings Management, Branch of Functions 24, 1912 (37 Stat. 561). Abolished by act of Sept. 27, of National Park Service (except those relating to 1979 (93 Stat. 454). monuments and memorials) consolidated with Public Buildings Branch, Procurement Division, Capital Housing Authority, National Established by Department of the Treasury, to form Public Buildings act of June 12, 1934 (48 Stat. 930). Made agency of Administration, Federal Works Agency, in accordance District of Columbia government by act of Dec. 24, with Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. 1973 (87 Stat. 779), effective July 1, 1974.

Buildings and Public Parks of the National Capital, Capital Park Commission, National Established by Office of Public Established by act of Feb. 26, 1925 act of June 6, 1924 (43 Stat. 463). National Capital (43 Stat. 983), by consolidation of Office of Public Park and Planning Commission named successor Buildings and Grounds under Chief of Engineers, U.S. by act of Apr. 30, 1926 (44 Stat. 374). Functions Army, and Office of Superintendent of State, War, transferred to National Capital Planning Commission and Navy Department Buildings. Abolished by EO by act of July 19, 1952 (66 Stat. 781). 6166 of June 10, 1933, and functions transferred to Office of National Parks, Buildings, and Reservations, Capital Park and Planning Commission, Department of the Interior. National See Capital Park Commission, National

Bureau. See other part of title Capital Regional Planning Council, National Established by act of July 19, 1952 (66 Business, Cabinet Committee on Small Established Stat. 785). Terminated by Reorg. Plan No. 5 of 1966, by Presidential letter of May 31, 1956. Dissolved effective Sept. 8, 1966. January 1961. Capital Transportation Agency, Business Administration, Domestic and National Established by act of July 14, 1960 (74 Stat International See Business and Defense Services 537). Authorized to establish rapid rail transit system Administration by act of Sept. 8, 1965 (79 Stat. 663). Functions transferred to Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Business and Defense Services Authority by EO 11373 of Sept. 20, 1967. Administration Established by the Secretary of Commerce Oct. 1, 1953, and operated under Career Executive Board Established by EO 10758 Department Organization Order 40–1. Abolished of Mar. 4, 1958. Terminated July 1, 1959, and EO by Department Organization Order 40–1A of Sept. 10758 revoked by EO 10859 of Feb. 5, 1960. 15, 1970, and functions transferred to Bureau of Domestic Commerce. Functions transferred to Caribbean Organization Act of June 30, 1961 (75 Domestic and International Business Administration, Stat. 194), provided for acceptance by President of effective Nov. 17, 1972. Administration terminated Agreement for the Establishment of the Caribbean by Secretary’s order of Dec. 4, 1977, and functions Organization, signed at Washington, June 21, 1960. assumed by Industry and Trade Administration. Article III of Agreement provided for termination of Caribbean Commission, authorized by Agreement Business Economics, Office of Established by the signed Oct. 30, 1946, on first meeting of Caribbean Secretary of Commerce Jan. 17, 1946. Renamed Council, governing body of Organization. Office of Economic Analysis Dec. 1, 1953. Terminated, effective Dec. 31, 1965, by resolution Transferred to the Administration of Social and adopted by Council. Economic Statistics along with Bureau of the Census and renamed Bureau of Economic Analysis on Jan. Cemeteries and Memorials in Europe, 1, 1972. National Supervision transferred from Department of War to American Battle Monuments Commission Business Operations, Bureau of by EO 6614 of Feb. 26, 1934, which transfer was International Established by the Secretary of deferred to May 21, 1934, by EO 6690 of Apr. 25, Commerce Aug. 8, 1961, by Departmental Orders 1934. 173 and 174. Abolished by Departmental Order 182 of Feb. 1, 1963, which established Bureau of Cemeteries and Parks, National Department of International Commerce. Functions transferred to War functions regarding National Cemeteries and Domestic and International Business Administration, Parks located in continental U.S. transferred to Office effective Nov. 17, 1972. of National Parks, Buildings, and Reservations, Department of the Interior, by EO 6166 of June 10, Cable Television Bureau Merged with Broadcast 1933. Bureau by Federal Communications Commission order to form Mass Media Bureau, effective Nov. 30, Cemetery System, National Established in the 1982. Veterans’ Administration by act of June 18, 1973 (87 Stat. 75). Redesignated as the National Cemetery California Debris Commission Established by act of Administration by act of Nov. 11, 1998 (112 Stat. Mar. 1, 1893 (27 Stat. 507). Abolished by act of Nov. 3337). History of Agency Organizational Changes 563

Censorship, Office of Established by EO 8985 of National Institute of Child Health and Human Dec. 19, 1941. Terminated by EO 9631 of Sept. 28, Development by act of Dec. 21, 2007 (121 Stat. 1945. 1826).

Censorship Policy Board Established by EO 8985 China, U.S. Court for Established by act of June 30, of Dec. 19, 1941. Terminated by EO 9631 of Sept. 1906 (34 Stat. 814). Transferred to the Department of 28, 1945. Justice by EO 6166 of June 10, 1933, effective Mar. 2, 1934. Act of June 30, 1906, repealed effective Sept. Census, Bureau of the See Census Office 1, 1948 (62 Stat. 992).

Census Office Established temporarily within the Christopher Columbus Quincentenary Jubilee Department of the Interior in accordance with act of Commission Established by act of Aug. 7, 1984 (98 Mar. 3, 1899. Established as a permanent office by Stat. 1257). Terminated pursuant to terms of act. act of Mar. 6, 1902. Transferred from the Department of the Interior to Department of Commerce and Labor Civil defense. See Defense by act of Feb. 14, 1903. Remained in the Department of Commerce under provisions of Reorganization Civil Rights, Commission on Established by act of Plan No. 5 of May 24, 1950, effective May 24, 1950. Sept. 9, 1957 (71 Stat. 634). Terminated in 1983 and reestablished by act of Nov. 30, 1983 (97 Stat. 1301). Center. See other part of title Renamed United States Commission on Civil Rights by act of Nov. 2, 1994 (108 Stat. 4683). Central. See other part of title Civil Service Commission, U.S. Established by act Chemistry and Soils, Bureau of See Agricultural of Jan. 16, 1883 (22 Stat. 403). Redesignated as Merit and Industrial Chemistry, Bureau of Systems Protection Board and functions transferred to Board and Office of Personnel Management by Chesapeake Bay Center for Environmental Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1978, effective Jan. 1, 1979. Studies Established in 1965 in Annapolis, MD, as part of Smithsonian Institution by Secretarial Civil War Centennial Commission Established by order. Merged with Radiation Biology Laboratory by act of Sept. 7, 1957 (71 Stat. 626). Terminated May 1, Secretarial Order July 1, 1983, to form Smithsonian 1966, pursuant to terms of act. Environmental Research Center. Civilian Conservation Corps Established by act of Chief Information Officers Council Established by June 28, 1937 (50 Stat. 319). Made part of Federal EO 13011 of July 16, 1996. Abolished by EO 13403 Security Agency by Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, of May 12, 2006. effective July 1, 1939. Liquidation provided for by act of July 2, 1942 (56 Stat. 569), not later than June Chief People Officer, Office of the Renamed Office 30, 1943. of the Chief Human Capital Officer by administrative order 5440.597 of June 16, 2006. Civilian Health and Medical Program of the United States, Office of Established as field activity in Chief Strategic Officer, Office of the Established by the Department of Defense in 1974. Functions the Commissioner of Social Security Dec. 20, 2002. consolidated into the TRICARE Management Activity Abolished by Commissioner’s memorandum of Jan. in November 1997 by Defense Reform Initiative. 14, 2008, and functions transferred to the Office of the Deputy Commissioner for Budget, Finance, and Civilian Production Administration Established by Management. EO 9638 of Oct. 4, 1945. Consolidated with other agencies to form Office of Temporary Controls, Office Child Development, Office of See Children’s for Emergency Management, by EO 9809 of Dec. Bureau 12, 1946.

Children’s Bureau Established by act of Apr. 9, Civilian Service Awards Board, 1912 (37 Stat. 79). Placed in the Department of Labor Distinguished Established by EO 10717 of June by act of Mar. 4, 1913 (37 Stat. 737). Transferred, 27, 1957. Terminated by EO 12014 of Oct. 19, with exception of child labor functions, to Social 1977, and functions transferred to U.S. Civil Service Security Administration, Federal Security Agency, by Commission. Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1946, effective July 16, 1946. Continued under Administration when Agency Claims, U.S. Court of Established Feb. 25, 1855 (10 functions assumed by the Department of Health, Stat. 612). Abolished by act of Apr. 2, 1982 (96 Stat. Education, and Welfare. Reassigned to Welfare 26) and trial jurisdiction transferred to U.S. Claims Administration by Department reorganization of Jan. Court and appellate functions merged with those of 28, 1963. Reassigned to Social and Rehabilitation U.S. Court of Customs and Patent Appeals to form Service by Department reorganization of Aug. 15, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. U.S. 1967. Reassigned to Office of Child Development by Claims Court renamed U.S. Court of Federal Claims Department reorganization order of Sept. 17, 1969. by act of Oct. 29, 1992 (106 Stat. 4516).

Child Health and Human Development, National Claims Commission of the United States, Institute of Established by act of Oct. 17, 1962 International Established in the Department of State (76 Stat. 1072). Renamed Eunice Kennedy Shriver by act of Mar. 10, 1950 (64 Stat. 12). Abolished by 564 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1954, effective July 1, 1954, and Coal Research, Office of Established in the functions transferred to Foreign Claims Settlement Department of the Interior by act of July 7, 1960 (74 Commission of the United States. Stat. 336). Functions transferred to Energy Research and Development Administration by act of Oct. 11, Claims Settlement Commission of the United States, 1974 (88 Stat. 1237). Foreign Established by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1954, effective July 1, 1954. Transferred to the Department Coalition Provisional Authority, Inspector General of Justice by act of Mar. 14, 1980 (94 Stat. 96). of the Established by act of Nov. 6, 2003 (117 Stat. 1234). Renamed Special Inspector General for Iraq Clark Sesquicentennial Commission, George Reconstruction by act of Oct. 28, 2004 (118 Stat. Rogers Established by Public Resolution 51 (45 2078.) Stat. 723). Expenditures ordered administered by the Department of the Interior by EO 6166 of June 10, Coalition Provisional Authority, Office of the 1933. Inspector General of the Established by act of Nov. 6, 2003 (117 Stat. 1234). Renamed Office of the Classification Review Committee, Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction by Interagency Established by EO 11652 of Mar. 8, act of Oct. 28, 2004 (118 Stat. 2078). 1972. Abolished by EO 12065 of June 28, 1978. Coast and Geodetic Survey See Coast Survey Clemency Board, Presidential Established in Executive Office of the President by EO 11803 of Coast Guard, U.S. Established by act of Jan. 28, Sept. 16, 1974. Final recommendations submitted to 1915 (38 Stat. 800) as a military service and branch President Sept. 15, 1975, and Board terminated by of the U.S. Armed Forces at all times and as a service EO 11878 of Sept. 10, 1975. in Treasury Department, except when operating as a service in the Navy. Transferred from the Department Coal Commission, National Bituminous Established of the Treasury to the Department of the Navy by EO under authority of act of Aug. 30, 1935 (49 Stat. 992). 8929 of Nov. 1, 1941. Returned to the Department Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. II of 1939, effective of the Treasury by EO 9666 of Dec. 28, 1945. July 1, 1939, and functions transferred to Bituminous Transferred to the Department of Transportation by Coal Division, Department of the Interior. act of Oct. 15, 1966 (80 Stat. 931). Transferred to Homeland Security Department by act of Nov. 25, Coal Consumers’ Counsel, Office of the 2002 (116 Stat. 2249) with related authorities and Bituminous Established by act of Apr. 11, 1941 functions of the Secretary of Transportation. (55 Stat. 134), renewing provisions of act of Apr. 23, 1937 (50 Stat. 72) for 2 years to continue functions Coast Survey Established by act of Feb. 10, 1807 of Consumers’ Counsel Division, Department of (2 Stat. 413). Redesignated as Coast and Geodetic the Interior. Functions continued by acts of Apr. 24, Survey by act of June 20, 1878 (20 Stat. 206). 1943 (57 Stat. 68), and May 21, 1943 (57 Stat. 82). Transferred to Environmental Science Services Terminated Aug. 24, 1943. Administration by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1965, effective July 13, 1965. Coal Division, Bituminous Established July 1, 1939, by Secretary of the Interior Order 1394 of Codification Board Established by act of June 19, June 16, 1939, as amended by Order 1399, of July 1937 (50 Stat. 304). Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 5, 1939, pursuant to act of Apr. 3, 1939 (53 Stat. II of 1939, effective July 1, 1939, and functions 562) and Reorg. Plan No. II of 1939, effective July transferred to Division of the Federal Register. 1, 1939. Administered functions vested in National Bituminous Coal Commission by act of Apr. 23, 1937 Coinage, Joint Commission on the Established by (50 Stat. 72). Act extended to Aug. 24, 1943, on act of July 23, 1965 (79 Stat. 258). Expired Jan. 4, which date it expired. 1975, pursuant to act of Oct. 6, 1972 (88 Stat. 776).

Coal Labor Board, Bituminous Established by act Columbia Institution for the Instruction of the Deaf of July 12, 1921 (42 Stat. 140). Abolished as result of and Dumb, and the Blind Established by act of U.S. Supreme Court decision, May 18, 1936, in case Feb. 16, 1857 (11 Stat. 161). Renamed Columbia of Carter v. Carter Coal Company et al. Institution for the Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb by act of Feb. 23, 1865 (13 Stat. 436). Renamed Coal Mine Safety Board of Review, Columbia Institution for the Deaf by act of Mar. 4, Federal Established by act of July 16, 1952 (66 Stat. 1911 (36 Stat. 1422). Renamed Gallaudet College 697). Inactive after Mar. 30, 1970, pursuant to act of by act of June 18, 1954 (68 Stat. 265). Functions of Dec. 30, 1969 (83 Stat. 803). the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare transferred to the Department of Education by act Coal Mines Administration Established by the of Oct. 17, 1979 (93 Stat. 695). Renamed Gallaudet Secretary of the Interior July 1, 1943. Abolished by University by act of Aug. 4, 1986 (100 Stat. 781). Secretary’s Order 1977 of Aug. 16, 1944, as amended by Order 1982 of Aug. 31, 1944, and functions Commander in Chief, U.S. Fleet, and Chief of Naval assumed by Solid Fuels Administration for War. Operations Duties of two positions prescribed by Administration reestablished in the Department of EO 8984 of Dec. 18, 1941. Combined under one the Interior by EO 9728 of May 21, 1946. Terminated officer by EO 9096 of Mar. 12, 1942. June 30, 1947, by act of Mar. 27, 1942 (56 Stat. 176). History of Agency Organizational Changes 565

Commerce, Bureau of Domestic See Business and Commodities Corporation, Federal Surplus See Defense Services Administration Relief Corporation, Federal Surplus

Commerce, Bureau of Foreign Established by Commodity Credit Corporation Organized by the Secretary of Commerce Oct. 12, 1953, by EO 6340 of Oct. 16, 1933, and managed in close Reorg. Plan No. 5 of 1950, effective May 24, 1950. affiliation with Reconstruction Finance Corporation. Abolished by department order of Aug. 7, 1961, and Transferred to the Department of Agriculture by functions vested in Bureau of International Programs Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. and Bureau of International Business Operations. Commodity Exchange Administration See Grain Commerce, Bureau of Foreign and Futures Administration Domestic Established by act of Aug. 23, 1912 (37 Stat. 407). Functions reassigned to other offices Commodity Exchange Authority See Grain Futures of the Department of Commerce due to internal Administration reorganizations. Commodity Exchange Commission Established Commerce, Bureau of InternationalSee Business by act of Sept. 21, 1922 (42 Stat. 998). Functions Operations, Bureau of International transferred to Commodity Futures Trading Commission by act of Oct. 23, 1974 (88 Stat. 1414). Commerce Service, Foreign Established in Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Department Commodity Stabilization Service Established in of Commerce, by act of Mar. 3, 1927 (44 Stat. the Department of Agriculture Nov. 2, 1953, by 1394). Transferred to the Department of State as part Secretary’s Memorandum 1320, supp. 4. Renamed of Foreign Service by Reorg. Plan No. II of 1939, Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service effective July 1, 1939. by Secretary’s Memorandum 1458 of June 14, 1961, effective June 5, 1961. Commercial Company, U.S. Established Mar. 27, 1942, as subsidiary of Reconstruction Finance Communication Agency, International See Corporation. Transferred to Office of Economic Information Agency, U.S. Warfare by EO 9361 of July 15, 1943. Office consolidated into Foreign Economic Administration Communications Program, Joint Tactical Combined by EO 9380 of Sept. 25, 1943. Functions returned to with Joint Interoperability of the Tactical Command Corporation by EO 9630 of Sept. 27, 1945, until June and Control Systems Programs to form Joint Tactical 30, 1948. Command, Control, and Communications Agency in July 1984, pursuant to DOD Directive 5154.28. Commercial Policy, Executive Committee on Established by Presidential letter of Nov. 11, Community Development Corporation Established 1933, to Secretary of State. Abolished by EO 9461 of in the Department of Housing and Urban Aug. 7, 1944. Development by act of Dec. 31, 1970 (84 Stat. 1791). Renamed New Community Development Commercial Standards Division Transferred with Corporation by act of Aug. 22, 1974 (88 Stat. 725). Division of Simplified Trade Practice from National Abolished Nov. 30, 1983, by act of Nov. 30, 1983 Bureau of Standards to the Secretary of Commerce (97 Stat. 1238), and functions transferred to Assistant by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1946, effective July 16, Secretary for Community Planning and Development, 1946, to permit reassignment to Office of Domestic Department of Housing and Urban Development. Commerce. Functions transferred to National Bureau of Standards by the Department of Commerce Order Community Development Corporation, New See 90, June 7, 1963, pursuant to Reorg. Plan No. 5 of Community Development Corporation 1950, effective May 24, 1950. Community Facilities, Bureau of Established in Commission. See other part of title 1945 by Federal Works Administrator. Transferred by act of June 30, 1949 (63 Stat. 380), to General Committee. See also other part of title Services Administration, functioning as Community Facilities Service. Certain functions transferred to Committee Management Secretariat Established various agencies, including the Department of the in the Office of Management and Budget Jan. 5, Interior, Housing and Home Finance Agency, and 1973, by act of Oct. 6, 1972 (86 Stat. 772). Functions Federal Security Agency by Reorg. Plans Nos. 15, 16, transferred to General Services Administrator by and 17 of 1950, effective May 24, 1950. Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1977, effective Apr. 1, 1978. Reassigned to the National Archives and Records Community Facilities Administration Established Service by GSA order of Feb. 22, 1979. Transferred in Housing and Home Finance Agency by in Archives to Office of the Federal Register by GSA Administrator’s Organizational Order 1 of Dec. 23, order of Oct. 14, 1980. Transferred to Office of the 1954. Terminated by act of Sept. 9, 1965 (79 Stat. Archivist of the United States by GSA order of Sept. 667), and functions transferred to the Department of 24, 1982. Reassigned to Office of Program Initiatives, Housing and Urban Development. GSA, by GSA order of May 18, 1984. Transferred to Office of Management Services, GSA, by GSA order Community Organization, Committee of Apr. 7, 1986. on Established in Office of Defense Health and Welfare Services Sept. 10, 1941. Functions 566 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL transferred to Federal Security Agency by EO 9338 of of Construction and Repair, and Bureau of Steam Apr. 29, 1943. Engineering.

Community Relations Service Established in the Construction Branch Established in the Department Department of Commerce by act of July 2, 1964 (78 of the Treasury in 1853 and designated Bureau of Stat. 241). Transferred to the Department of Justice by Construction under control of Office of Supervising Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1966, effective Apr. 22, 1966. Architect by Sept. 30, 1855. Office incorporated into Public Buildings Branch, Procurement Division, by Community Service, Commission on National EO 6166 of June 10, 1933. Transferred to Federal and Established by act of Nov. 16, 1990 (104 Stat. Works Agency by Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, 3168). Abolished by act of Sept. 21, 1993, and effective July 1, 1939, when Public Buildings Branch functions vested in the Board of Directors or the of Procurement Division, Bureau of Buildings Executive Director prior to Oct. 1, 1993, transferred Management, National Park Service, Department to the Corporation for National and Community of the Interior—so far as latter concerned with Service (107 Stat. 873, 888). operation of public buildings for other departments or agencies—and U.S. Housing Corporation Community Services Administration Established consolidated with Public Buildings Administration, by act of Jan. 4, 1975 (88 Stat. 2291) as successor Federal Works Agency. to Office of Economic Opportunity. Abolished as independent agency through repeal of act of Aug. 20, Construction Industry Stabilization 1964 (except titles VIII and X of such act) by act of Committee Established by EO 11588 of Mar. 29, Aug. 13, 1981 (95 Stat. 519). 1971. Abolished by EO 11788 of June 18, 1974.

Community Services Administration Functions Construction and Repair, Bureau of Established by concerning Legal Services Program transferred act of July 5, 1862 (12 Stat. 510), replacing Bureau to Legal Services Corporation by act of July 25, of Construction, Equipment and Repairs. Abolished 1974 (88 Stat. 389). Renamed Public Services by act of June 20, 1940 (54 Stat. 492), and functions Administration by Health, Education, and Welfare transferred to Bureau of Ships. departmental notice of Nov. 3, 1976. Transferred to Office of Human Development by Secretary’s Consumer Advisory Council Established by EO reorganization of Mar. 8, 1977 (42 FR 13262). 11136 of Jan. 3, 1964. Office of Consumer Affairs established in Executive Office of the President by EO Community War Services Established in Office of 11583 of Feb. 24, 1971, and Council reestablished the Administrator under EO 9338 of Apr. 29, 1943, in Office. and Federal Security Agency order. Terminated Dec. 31, 1946, by act of July 26, 1946 (60 Stat. 695). Consumer Affairs, Office of Established by EO 11583 of Feb. 24, 1971. Transferred to the Conciliation Service, U.S. Established by act of Department of Health, Education, and Welfare by EO Mar. 4, 1913 (37 Stat. 738). Functions transferred 11702 of Jan. 25, 1973. to Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service, established by act of June 23, 1947 (61 Stat. 153). Consumer Affairs Staff, National Business Council for Established in the Department of Commerce by Conference on Security and Cooperation in departmental organization order of Dec. 16, 1971. Europe Renamed Organization for Security and Terminated by departmental order of Dec. 6, 1973, Cooperation in Europe by EO 13029, Dec. 3, 1996 due to lack of funding. (61 FR 64591). Consumer agencies Consumer agencies of Consolidated Farm Service Agency Established by National Emergency Council and National Recovery act of Oct. 13, 1994 (108 Stat. 3214). Renamed Farm Administration reorganized and functions transferred, Service Agency (61 FR 1109), effective Jan. 16, 1996. together with those of Consumers’ Advisory Board, NRA, and Cabinet Committee on Price Policy, to Constitution, Commission on the Bicentennial of the Consumers’ Division, NRA, by EO 7120 of July 30, United States Established by act of Sept. 29, 1983, 1935. Division transferred to the Department of Labor as amended (97 Stat. 722). Terminated by act of Dec. by EO 7252 of Dec. 21, 1935. Transferred to Division 3, 1991 (105 Stat. 1232). of Consumers’ Counsel, Agricultural Adjustment Administration, Department of Agriculture, by Constitution, transfer of functions See Statutes at Secretary of Labor letter of Aug. 30, 1938, to the Large and other matters Secretary of Agriculture. Continued as Consumer Standards Project until June 30, 1941. Research Construction, Collective Bargaining Committee on consumer standards continued by Consumer in Established by EO 11849 of Apr. 1, 1975. Standards Section, Consumers’ Counsel Division, Inactive since Jan. 7, 1976. Formally abolished by EO transferred to Agricultural Marketing Administration 12110 of Dec. 28, 1978. by administrative order of Feb. 28, 1942. Other project activities discontinued. Construction, Equipment and Repairs, Bureau of Established in the Department of the Navy by act Consumer Cooperative Bank, National Established of Aug. 31, 1842 (5 Stat. 579). Abolished by act of by act of Aug. 20, 1978 (92 Stat. 499). Removed from July 5, 1862 (12 Stat. 510), and functions distributed mixed-ownership, Government corporation status among Bureau of Equipment and Recruiting, Bureau History of Agency Organizational Changes 567 by acts of Sept. 13, 1982 (96 Stat. 1062) and Jan. 12, effective July 1, 1947. Transferred to General Services 1983 (96 Stat. 2478). Administration by act of June 30, 1949 (63 Stat. 380) and established as Contract Review Board. Renamed Consumer Information and Insurance Oversight, Board of Contract Appeals in 1961 by Administrator’s Office of Established by Health and Human order. Board established as independent entity within Services Secretary’s notice of April 19, 2010 (75 General Services Administration Feb. 27, 1979, FR 20364). Abolished by Centers for Medicare & pursuant to act of Nov. 1, 1978 (92 Stat. 2383). Medicaid’s notice of Jan. 26, 2011 (76 FR 4703). Contract Settlement Appeal Board, Office Consumer Interests, President’s Committee of Established by act of July 1, 1944 (58 Stat. 651). on Established by EO 11136 of Jan. 3, 1964. Transferred to the Department of the Treasury by EO Abolished by EO 11583 of Feb. 24, 1971. 9809 of Dec. 12, 1946, and by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1947, effective July 1, 1947. Functions transferred Consumer and Marketing Service Established by to General Services Administration by act of June the Secretary of Agriculture Feb. 2, 1965. Renamed 30, 1949 (63 Stat. 380). Abolished by act of July 14, Agricultural Marketing Service Apr. 2, 1972, by 1952 (66 Stat. 627). Secretary’s order and certain functions transferred to Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Contract Termination Board, Joint Established Nov. 12, 1943, by Director of War Mobilization. Functions Consumers’ Counsel Established in National assumed by Office of Contract Settlement. Bituminous Coal Commission by act of Aug. 30, 1935 (49 Stat. 993). Office abolished by Reorg. Plan Contracts Division, Public Established in the No. II of 1939, effective July 1, 1939, and functions Department of Labor to administer act of June 30, transferred to Office of Solicitor, Department of the 1936 (49 Stat. 2036). Consolidated with Wage and Interior, to function as Consumers’ Counsel Division Hour Division by Secretarial order of Aug. 21, 1942. under direction of the Secretary of the Interior. Absorbed by Wage and Hour Division by Secretarial Functions transferred to Office of the Bituminous order of May 1971. Coal Consumers’ Counsel June 1941 by act of Apr. 11, 1941 (55 Stat. 134). Cooperation Administration, International Established by Department of Consumers’ Counsel Division See Consumers’ State Delegation of Authority 85 of June 30, 1955, Counsel pursuant to EO 10610 of May 9, 1955. Abolished by act of Sept. 4, 1961 (75 Stat. 446), and functions Consumers’ Counsel, Division of Established by redelegated to Agency for International Development act of May 12, 1933 (48 Stat. 31). Transferred by pursuant to Presidential letter of Sept. 30, 1961, and order of the Secretary of Agriculture from Agricultural EO 10973 of Nov. 3, 1961. Adjustment Administration to supervision of Director of Marketing, effective Feb. 1, 1940. Transferred Cooperative State Research, Education, and to Agricultural Marketing Administration by Extension Service Established by act of Oct. 13, administrative order of Feb. 28, 1942. 1994 (108 Stat. 3178). Reorganized into the National Institute of Food and Agriculture by Secretary’s Consumers’ Problems, Adviser on See Consumer Memorandum 1062–001 of Sept. 17, 2009. agencies Cooperative State Research Service Established Contract Committee Government See Contract in the Department of Agriculture. Incorporated Compliance, Committee on Government into Cooperative State, Research, Education, and Extension Service under Department of Agriculture Contract Compliance, Committee on reorganization in 1995. Government Established by EO 10308 of Dec. 3, 1951. Abolished by EO 10479 of Aug. 13, 1953, Coordinating Council for Comparative Effectiveness which established successor Government Contract Research, Federal Established by act of Feb. 17, Committee. Abolished by EO 10925 of Mar. 6, 1961, 2009 (123 Stat 187). Terminated by act of Mar. 23, and records and property transferred to President’s 2010 (124 Stat. 747). Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity. Coordinating Service, Federal Office of Chief Contract Settlement, Office of Established by act Coordinator created by Executive order promulgated of July 1, 1944 (58 Stat. 651). Transferred to Office in Bureau of the Budget Circular 15, July 27, 1921, of War Mobilization and Reconversion by act of and duties enlarged by other Bureau circulars. Oct. 3, 1944 (58 Stat. 785). Terminated by EO 9809 Abolished by EO 6166 of June 10, 1933. Contract of Dec. 12, 1946, and Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1947, form, Federal traffic, and surplus property functions effective July 1, 1947, and functions transferred to the transferred to Procurement Division by order of the Department of the Treasury. Functions transferred to Secretary of the Treasury, approved by President Oct. General Services Administration by act of June 30, 9, 1933, issued pursuant to EO’s 6166 of June 10, 1949 (63 Stat. 380). 1933, and 6224 of July 27, 1933.

Contract Settlement Advisory Board Established Copyright Arbitration Royalty Panels Established by act of July 1, 1944 (58 Stat. 651). Transferred by act of Dec. 17, 1993 (107 Stat. 2304). Replaced to the Department of the Treasury by EO 9809 of by Copyright Royalty Judges under act of Nov. 30, Dec. 12, 1946, and by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1947, 2004 (118 Stat. 2351). 568 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Copyright Royalty Tribunal Established as an transferred to Administrative Office of the U.S. independent entity within the legislative branch by Courts, including U.S. courts of appeals and district act of Oct. 19, 1976 (90 Stat. 2594). Abolished by courts, District Court for the Territory of Alaska, U.S. act of Dec. 17, 1993 (107 Stat. 2304), and functions District Court for the District of the Canal Zone, transferred to copyright arbitration royalty panels. District Court of Guam, District Court of the Virgin Islands, Court of Claims, Court of Customs and Patent Copyrighted Works, National Commission on New Appeals, and Customs Courts. Technological Uses of Established by act of Dec. 31, 1974 (88 Stat. 1873). Terminated Sept. 29, 1978, Credit Unions, Bureau of Federal See Credit Union pursuant to terms of act. System, Federal

Corporate Payments Abroad, Task Force on Credit Union System, Federal Established by act of Questionable Established by Presidential June 26, 1934 (48 Stat. 1216), to be administered by memorandum of Mar. 31, 1976. Terminated Dec. 31, Farm Credit Administration. Transferred to Federal 1976, pursuant to terms of memorandum. Deposit Insurance Corporation by EO 9148 of Apr. 27, 1942, and Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1947, effective Corporation, Federal Facilities Established in the July 1, 1947. Functions transferred to Bureau of Department of the Treasury by EO 10539 of June 22, Federal Credit Unions, Federal Security Agency, 1954. Placed under supervision of Director appointed established by act of June 29, 1948 (62 Stat. 1091). by General Services Administrator by EO 10720 of Functions transferred to the Department of Health, July 11, 1957. Dissolved by act of Aug. 30, 1961 (75 Education, and Welfare by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of Stat. 418), and functions transferred to Administrator 1953, effective Apr. 11, 1953. Functions transferred of General Services. to National Credit Union Administration by act of Mar. 10, 1970 (84 Stat. 49). Corregidor-Bataan Memorial Commission Established by act of Aug. 5, 1953 (67 Crime, National Council on Organized Established Stat. 366). Terminated May 6, 1967, by act of Dec. by EO 11534 of June 4, 1970. Terminated by EO 23, 1963 (77 Stat. 477). 12110 of Dec. 28, 1978.

Cost Accounting Standards Board Established by Critical Materials Council, National Established act of Aug. 15, 1970 (84 Stat. 796). Terminated Sept. within Executive Office of the President by act of 30, 1980, due to lack of funding. Reestablished by July 31, 1984 (98 Stat. 1250). Officeabolished in act of Nov. 17, 1988 (102 Stat. 4059). September 1993 due to lack of funding and functions transferred to the Office of Science and Technology Cost of Living Council Established by EO 11615 of Policy. Aug. 15, 1971. Abolished by EO 11788 of June 18, 1974. Crop Insurance Corporation, Federal Established by act of Feb. 16, 1938. Consolidated with the Cotton Stabilization Corporation Organized June Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service 1930 under laws of Delaware by Federal Farm and Farmers’ Home Administration in 1995 to form Board pursuant to act of June 15, 1929 (46 Stat. the Farm Service Agency pursuant to act of Oct. 13, 11). Certificate of dissolution filed with Corporation 1994 (108 Stat. 3178). Commission of Delaware Dec. 27, 1934. Crop Production Loan Office Authorized by Cotton Textile Industry, Board of Inquiry for Presidential letters of July 26, 1918, and July 26, the Established by EO 6840 of Sept. 5, 1934. 1919, to the Secretary of Agriculture. Further Abolished by EO 6858 of Sept. 26, 1934. authorized by act of Mar. 3, 1921 (41 Stat. 1347). Transferred to Farm Credit Administration by EO Council. See other part of title 6084 of Mar. 27, 1933.

Counterespionage Section Transferred from the Cultural Center, National Established in Criminal Division to the National Security Division Smithsonian Institution by act of Sept. 2, 1958 (72 by act of Mar. 9, 2006 (120 Stat. 249). Stat. 1698). Renamed John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts by act of Jan. 23, 1964 (78 Stat. 4). Counterintelligence, Office of Established within the Department of Energy by Public Law 106–65 Customs, Bureau of Established under sec. 1 of of Oct. 5, 1999 (113 Stat. 955). Merged with Office act of Mar. 3, 1927 (19 U.S.C. 2071) in Treasury of Intelligence to form Office of Intelligence and Department. Functions relating to award of numbers Counterintelligence by memorandum of March 9, to undocumented vessels, vested in Collectors 2006 of the Secretary of Energy. of Customs, transferred to Commandant of Coast Guard by EO 9083 of Feb. 27, 1942. Transfer made Counterterrorism Section Transferred from the permanent by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1946, effective Criminal Division to the National Security Division July 16, 1946. Redesignated U.S. Customs Service by act of Mar. 9, 2006 (120 Stat. 249). by the Department of the Treasury Order 165–23 of Apr. 4, 1973. Functions transferred to and agency Courts Under act of Aug. 7, 1939 (53 Stat. 1223), established within Homeland Security Department by and revised June 25, 1948 (62 Stat. 913), to provide act of Nov. 25, 2002 (116 Stat. 2178). for administration of U.S. courts, administrative jurisdiction over all continental and territorial courts History of Agency Organizational Changes 569

Customs Court, U.S. Formerly established as Board Defense Aid Reports, Division of Established in of General Appraisers by act of June 10, 1890 (26 Office for Emergency Management by EO 8751 Stat. 136). Renamed U.S. Customs Court by act of of May 2, 1941. Abolished by EO 8926 of Oct. May 26, 1926 (44 Stat. 669). Renamed U.S. Court of 28, 1941, which created Office of Lend-Lease International Trade by act of Oct. 10, 1980 (94 Stat. Administration. 1727). Defense Air Transportation Customs and Patent Appeals, U.S. Court Administration Established Nov. 12, 1951, by of Established by act of Mar. 2, 1929 (45 Stat. Department of Commerce Order 137. Abolished 1475). Abolished by act of Apr. 2, 1982 (96 Stat. 28) by Amendment 3 of Sept. 13, 1962, to Department and functions merged with appellate functions of U.S. Order 128 (revised) and functions transferred to Court of Claims to form U.S. Court of Appeals for the Office of the Under Secretary of Commerce for Federal Circuit. Transportation.

Dairy Industry, Bureau of Bureau of Dairying Defense Atomic Support Agency Renamed Defense established in the Department of Agriculture by act of Nuclear Agency by General Order No. 1 of July 1, May 29, 1924 (43 Stat. 243). Bureau of Dairy Industry 1971. designation first appeared in act of May 11, 1926 (44 Stat. 499). Functions transferred to Agricultural Defense Audiovisual Agency Established by DOD Research Service by Secretary’s Memorandum 1320, Directive 5040.1 of June 12, 1979. Abolished by supp. 4, of Nov. 2, 1953. Secretary’s memorandum of Apr. 19, 1985, and functions assigned to the military departments. Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling, The National Commission on the Established by EO Defense Audit Service Established by DOD 13543 of May 21, 2010. Terminated March 11, 2011 Directive of Oct. 14, 1976. Abolished by Deputy pursuant to terms of order. Secretary’s memorandum of Nov. 2, 1982, and functions transferred to Office of the Inspector Defense, Advisory Commission to the Council of General. National See Defense, Council of National Defense Civil Preparedness Agency Functions Defense, Council of National Established by transferred from the Department of Defense to the act of Aug. 29, 1916 (39 Stat. 649). Advisory Federal Emergency Management Agency by EO Commission—composed of Advisers on Industrial 12148 of July 20, 1979. Production, Industrial Materials, Employment, Farm Products, Price Stabilization, Transportation, Defense and Civilian Mobilization and Consumer Protection—established by Council Board Established by EO 10773 of July 1, 1938. pursuant to act and approved by President May Redesignated Civil and Defense Mobilization Board 29, 1940. Commission decentralized by merging by act of Aug. 26, 1958 (72 Stat. 861). Abolished by divisions with newly created national defense units. Office of Emergency Preparedness Circular 1200.1 of Agencies evolved from Commission, except Office Oct. 31, 1962. of Agricultural War Relations and Office of Price Administration, made units of Office for Emergency Defense Communications Agency Established by Management. Council inactive. direction of the Secretary of Defense on May 12, 1960. Renamed Defense Information Systems Agency Defense, Office of Civilian Established in Office by DOD Directive 5105.19 dated June 25, 1991. for Emergency Management by EO 8757 of May 20, 1941. Terminated by EO 9562 of June 4, 1945. Defense Communications Board Established by EO 8546 of Sept. 24, 1940. Renamed Board Defense Administration, Federal Civil Established of War Communications by EO 9183 of June 15, in Office for Emergency Management by EO 10186 1942. Abolished by EO 9831 of Feb. 24, 1947, and of Dec. 1, 1950; subsequently established as property transferred to Federal Communications independent agency by act of Jan. 12, 1951 (64 Stat. Commission. 1245). Functions transferred to Office of Defense and Civilian Mobilization by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1958, Defense Coordinating Board, Civil Established by effective July 1, 1958. EO 10611 of May 11, 1955. EO 10611 revoked by EO 10773 of July 1, 1958. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Established as a separate agency of the Defense Electric Power Administration Established Department of Defense by DOD Directive 5105.41 by Order 2605 of Dec. 4, 1950 of the Secretary of dated July 25, 1978. Renamed Advanced Research the Interior. Abolished June 30, 1953, by Secretary’s Projects Agency by order of the Secretary of Defense Order 2721 of May 7, 1953. Reestablished by dated July 13, 1993. Reestablished by act of Feb. 10, Departmental Manual Release No. 253 of Aug. 6, 1996 (110 Stat. 406). 1959. Terminated by Departmental Manual Release No. 1050 of Jan. 10, 1977. Defense Advisory Council, Civil Established by act of Jan. 12, 1951 (64 Stat. 1245). Transferred to Office Defense Fisheries Administration Established by of Defense and Civilian Mobilization by Reorg. Plan Order 2605 of Dec. 4, 1950 of the Secretary of the No. 1 of 1958, effective July 1, 1958. Interior. Abolished June 30, 1953, by Secretary’s Order 2722 of May 13, 1953. 570 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Defense Health and Welfare Services, Office 9617 of Sept. 19, 1945. Board terminated by EO of Established by EO 8890 of Sept. 3, 1941. 9672 of Dec. 31, 1945, which established National Terminated by EO 9338 of Apr. 29, 1943, and Wage Stabilization Board in the Department of functions transferred to Federal Security Agency. Labor. Terminated by EO 9809 of Dec. 12, 1946, and functions transferred to the Secretary of Labor and the Defense Homes Corporation Incorporated pursuant Department of the Treasury, effective Feb. 24, 1947. to President’s letter to the Secretary of the Treasury of Oct. 18, 1940. Transferred to Federal Public Housing Defense Medical Programs Activity Functions Authority by EO 9070 of Feb. 24, 1942. consolidated into the TRICARE Management Activity in November 1997 by Defense Reform Initiative. Defense Housing Coordinator Office established July 21, 1940, by Advisory Commission to Council of Defense Minerals Administration Established by National Defense. Functions transferred to Division of Order 2605 of Dec. 4, 1950 of the Secretary of the Defense Housing Coordination, Office for Emergency Interior. Functions assigned to Defense Materials Management, by EO 8632 of Jan. 11, 1941. Procurement Agency. Functions of exploration for critical and strategic minerals redelegated to the Defense Housing Division, Mutual Secretary of the Interior and administered by Defense Ownership Established by Administrator of Federal Minerals Exploration Administration by Secretary’s Works Agency under provisions of act of June 28, Order 2726 of June 30, 1953. Termination of program 1941 (55 Stat. 361). Functions transferred to Federal announced by Secretary June 6, 1958. Certain Public Housing Authority, National Housing Agency, activities continued in Office of Minerals Exploration, by EO 9070 of Feb. 24, 1942. Department of the Interior.

Defense Intelligence College Established by DOD Defense Minerals Exploration Administration See Directive 3305.1 of January 28, 1983. Renamed Defense Minerals Administration Joint Military Intelligence College by DOD Directive 3305.1 of January 14, 1998. See also Defense Defense Mobilization, Office of Established in Intelligence School. Executive Office of the President by EO 10193 of Dec. 16, 1950. Superseded by Office of Defense Defense Intelligence School Established by DOD Mobilization established by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of Directive 5105.25 of November 2, 1962. Renamed 1953, effective June 12, 1953, which assumed Defense Intelligence College by DOD Directive functions of former Office, National Security 3305.1 of January 28, 1983. Resources Board, and critical materials stockpiling functions of Army, Navy, Air Force, and Interior Defense Investigative Service Established by the Secretaries and of Army and Navy Munitions Secretary of Defense Jan. 1, 1972. Renamed Defense Board. Consolidated with Federal Civil Defense Security Service in November 1997 by Defense Administration into Office of Defense and Civilian Reform Initiative. Mobilization by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1958, effective July 1, 1958, and offices of Director and Deputy Defense Manpower Administration Established Director terminated. by the Secretary of Labor by General Order 48, pursuant to EO 10161 of Sept. 9, 1950, and Reorg. Defense Mobilization Board Established by EO Plan No. 6 of 1950, effective May 24, 1950. General 10200 of Jan. 3, 1951, and restated in EO 10480 of Order 48 revoked by General Order 63 of Aug. Aug. 14, 1953. Terminated by EO 10773 of July 1, 25, 1953, which established Office of Manpower 1958. Administration in Department. Defense Nuclear Agency Established in 1971. Defense Mapping Agency Established as a the Renamed Defense Special Weapons Agency by DOD Department of Defense agency in 1972. Functions Directive 5105.31 of June 14, 1995. transferred to the National Imagery and Mapping Agency by act of Sept. 23, 1996 (110 Stat. 2677). Defense Nuclear Counterintelligence, Office of Established by act of Oct. 5, 1999 (113 Stat. Defense Materials Procurement Agency Established 960). Abolished by act of Oct. 17, 2006 (120 Stat. by EO 10281 of Aug. 28, 1951. Abolished by EO 2507) and functions transferred to the Secretary of 10480 of Aug. 14, 1953, and functions transferred to Energy. General Services Administration. Defense Plant Corporation Established by act of Defense Materials Service See Emergency June 25, 1940 (54 Stat. 572). Transferred from Federal Procurement Service Loan Agency to the Department of Commerce by EO 9071 of Feb. 24, 1942. Returned to Federal Loan Defense Materiel Readiness Board Established by Agency pursuant to act of Feb. 24, 1945 (59 Stat. act of Jan. 28, 2008 (122 Stat. 260). Abolished by act 5). Dissolved by act of June 30, 1945 (59 Stat. 310), of Jan. 2, 2013 (126 Stat. 2362). and functions transferred to Reconstruction Finance Corporation. Defense Mediation Board, National Established by EO 8716 of Mar. 19, 1941. Terminated on Defense Plants Administration, Small Established creation of National War Labor Board, Office for by act of July 31, 1951 (65 Stat. 131). Terminated Emergency Management by EO 9017 of Jan. 12, July 31, 1953, by act of June 30, 1953 (67 Stat. 131). 1942. Transferred to the Department of Labor by EO Functions relating to liquidation transferred to Small History of Agency Organizational Changes 571

Business Administration by EO 10504 of Dec. 1, Commerce by EO 9071 of Feb. 24, 1942. Returned to 1953. Federal Loan Agency by act of Feb. 24, 1945 (59 Stat. 5). Dissolved by act of June 30, 1945 (59 Stat. 310), Defense Production Administration Established by and functions transferred to Reconstruction Finance EO 10200 of Jan. 3, 1951. Terminated by EO 10433 Corporation. of Feb. 4, 1953, and functions transferred to Office of Defense Mobilization. Defense Supply Agency Renamed Defense Logistics Agency by DOD Directive 5105.22 of Jan. 22, 1977. Defense Property Disposal Service Renamed Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service by Defense Supply Management Agency Established in Defense Logistics Agency General Order 10–85, the Department of Defense by act of July 1, 1952 (66 effective July 1, 1985. Stat. 318). Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 6 of 1953, effective June 30, 1953, and functions transferred to Defense Prisoner of War/Missing in Action the Secretary of Defense. Office Established by DOD Directive 5110.10, July 16, 1993. Renamed Defense Prisoner of War/ Defense Technology Security Missing Personnel Office by Secretary of Defense Administration Established on May 10, 1985. memorandum of May 30, 1996. Functions transferred to the Defense Threat Reduction Agency by DOD Directive 5105.62 of Sept. 30, Defense Public Works Division Established in 1998. Public Works Administration. Transferred to Office of Federal Works Administrator by administrative order Defense Transport Administration Established of July 16, 1941. Abolished by administrative order Oct. 4, 1950, by order of Commissioner of Interstate of Mar. 6, 1942, and functions transferred to Office of Commerce Commission in charge of Bureau of Chief Engineer, Federal Works Agency. Service, pursuant to EO 10161 of Sept. 9, 1950. Terminated by DTA Commissioner’s order, effective Defense Purchases, Office for the Coordination July 1, 1955, and functions transferred to Bureau of of National Established by order of Council of Safety and Service, Interstate Commerce Commission. National Defense, approved June 27, 1940. Order revoked Jan. 7, 1941, and records transferred to Defense Transportation, Office of Established in Executive Office of the President. Office for Emergency Management by EO 8989 of Dec. 18, 1941. Terminated by EO 10065 of July 6, Defense Research Committee, National Established 1949. June 27, 1940, by order of Council of National Defense. Abolished by order of Council June 28, Deficit Reduction, Joint Select Committee 1941, and reestablished in Office of Scientific on Established by act of Aug. 2, 2011 (125 Stat. Research and Development by EO 8807 of June 259). Terminated January 31, 2012, pursuant to the 28, 1941. Office terminated by EO 9913 of Dec. act (125 Stat. 263). 26, 1947, and property and records transferred to National Military Establishment. Director. See other part of title

Defense Resources Committee Established Disarmament Administration, U.S. Established in by Administrative Order 1496 of June 15, the Department of State. Functions transferred to U.S. 1940. Replaced by War Resources Council by Arms Control and Disarmament Agency by act of Administrative Order 1636 of Jan. 14, 1942. Inactive. Sept. 26, 1961 (75 Stat. 638).

Defense Security Assistance Agency Established Disarmament Problems, President’s Special on Sept. 1, 1971. Renamed the Defense Security Committee on Established by President Aug. 5, Cooperation Agency by DOD Directive 5105.38. 1955. Dissolved in February 1958.

Defense Solid Fuels Administration Established Disaster Assistance Administration, by Order 2605 of Dec. 4, 1950 of the Secretary of Federal Functions transferred from the Department the Interior. Abolished June 29, 1954, by Secretary’s of Housing and Urban Development to the Federal Order 2764. Emergency Management Agency by EO 12148 of July 20, 1979. Defense Special Weapons Agency Established by General Order No. 1 of July 1, 1971. Functions Disaster Loan Corporation Grouped with other transferred to the Defense Threat Reduction Agency agencies to form Federal Loan Agency by Reorg. Plan by DOD Directive 5105.62 of Sept. 30, 1998. No. I of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. Transferred to the Department of Commerce by EO 9071 of Feb. Defense Stockpile Manager, National Established 24, 1942. Returned to Federal Loan Agency by act of by act of Nov. 14, 1986 (100 Stat. 4067). Functions Feb. 24, 1945 (59 Stat. 5). Dissolved by act of June transferred from the Administrator of General Services 30, 1945 (59 Stat. 310), and functions transferred to to the Secretary of Defense by EO 12626 of Feb. 25, Reconstruction Finance Corporation. 1988. Disease Control, Center for Established within the Defense Supplies Corporation Established under Public Health Service by the Secretary of Health, act of June 25, 1940 (54 Stat. 572). Transferred Education, and Welfare on July 1, 1973. Renamed from Federal Loan Agency to the Department of Centers for Disease Control by Health and Human 572 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Services Secretary’s notice of Oct. 1, 1980 (45 FR Domestic Policy Staff See Domestic Council 67772). Renamed Centers for Disease Control and Prevention by act of Oct. 27, 1992 (106 Stat. 3504). Dominican Customs Receivership Transferred from Division of Territories and Island Possessions, Displaced Persons Commission Established by act Department of the Interior, to the Department of of June 25, 1948 (62 Stat. 1009). Terminated Aug. 31, State by Reorg. Plan No. IV of 1940, effective June 1952, pursuant to terms of act. 30, 1940.

District of Columbia Established by acts of July 16, Drug Abuse, National Institute on Established 1790 (1 Stat. 130), and Mar. 3, 1791. Corporations within the National Institute of Mental Health, of Washington and Georgetown and levy court of Department of Health, Education, and Welfare by act Washington County abolished in favor of territorial of Mar. 21, 1972 (86 Stat. 85). Removed from within form of government in 1871. Permanent commission the National Institute of Mental Health and made an government established July 1, 1878. District entity within the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Government created as municipal corporation by act Health Administration by act of May 14, 1974 (88 of June 11, 1878 (20 Stat. 102). Treated as branch of Stat. 136). Functions transferred to the Department of U.S. Government by various statutory enactments of Health and Human Services by act of Oct. 17, 1979 Congress. District Government altered by Reorg. Plan (93 Stat. 695). (See also act of Oct. 27, 1986; 100 No. 3 of 1967, effective Nov. 3, 1967. Charter for Stat. 3207–106.) Abolished by act of July 10, 1992 local government in District of Columbia provided by (106 Stat. 331). Reestablished by act of July 10, 1992 act of Dec. 24, 1973 (87 Stat. 774). (106 Stat. 361).

District of Columbia, Highway Commission of Drug Abuse, President’s Advisory Commission on the Established by act of Mar. 2, 1893 (27 Stat 532). Narcotic and Established by EO 11076 of Jan. 15, National Capital Park and Planning Commission 1963. Terminated November 1963 under terms of named successor by act of Apr. 30, 1926 (44 Stat. order. 374). Functions transferred to National Capital Planning Commission by act of July 19, 1952 (66 Drug Abuse Control, Bureau of Established in Food Stat. 781). and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, to carry out functions of act of District of Columbia, Reform-School of July 15, 1965 (79 Stat. 226). Functions transferred the Established by act of May 3, 1876 (19 Stat. 49). to Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs, Renamed National Training School for Boys by act Department of Justice, by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1968, of May 27, 1908 (35 Stat. 380). Transferred to the effective Apr. 8, 1968. Abolished by Reorg. Plan Department of Justice by Reorg. Plan No. II of 1939, No. 2 of 1973, effective July 1, 1973, and functions effective July 1, 1939, to be administered by Director transferred to Drug Enforcement Administration. of Bureau of Prisons. Drug Abuse Law Enforcement, Office District of Columbia Auditorium of Established by EO 11641 of Jan. 28, 1972. Commission Established by act of July 1, 1955 (69 Terminated by EO 11727 of July 6, 1973, and Stat. 243). Final report submitted to Congress Jan. 31, functions transferred to Drug Enforcement 1957, pursuant to act of Apr. 27, 1956 (70 Stat. 115). Administration.

District of Columbia Redevelopment Land Drug Abuse Policy, Office of Established in Agency Established by act of Aug. 2, 1946 (60 Stat. Executive Office of the President by act of Mar. 19, 790). Agency established as instrumentality of District 1976 (90 Stat. 242). Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. Government by act of Dec. 24, 1973 (87 Stat. 774), 1 of 1977, effective Mar. 26, 1978, and functions effective July 1, 1974. transferred to President.

District of Columbia-Virginia Boundary Drug-Free Schools, Office of Safe Abolished by the Commission Established by act of Mar. 21, 1934 Secretary of Education on Sept. 25, 2011. Programs (48 Stat. 453). Terminated Dec. 1, 1935, to which transferred to Office of Safe and Healthy Students date it had been extended by Public Resolution 9 (49 within the Office of Elementary and Secondary Stat. 67). Education.

Division. See other part of title Drug Abuse Prevention, Treatment, and Rehabilitation, Cabinet Committee on Established Domestic Council Established in Executive Office Apr. 27, 1976, by Presidential announcement. of the President by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1970, Terminated by Presidential memorandum of Mar. 14, effective July 1, 1970. Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 1977. 1 of 1977, effective Mar. 26, 1978, and functions transferred to President and staff designated as Drug Law Enforcement, Cabinet Committee Domestic Policy Staff. Pursuant to EO 12045 of Mar. for Established Apr. 27, 1976, pursuant to 27, 1978, Staff assisted President in performance Presidential message to Congress of Apr. 27, 1976. of transferred functions. Renamed Office of Policy Abolished by Presidential memorandum of Mar. 14, Development in 1981. Abolished in February 1992 1977. by President’s reorganizational statement, effective May 1992. Drug Law Enforcement, Cabinet Committee for Established Apr. 27, 1976, pursuant to History of Agency Organizational Changes 573

Presidential message to Congress of Apr. 27, 1976. Stat. 552). Abolished by Department Order 5A, Abolished by Presidential memorandum of Mar. 14, Dec. 22, 1966, and functions vested in Economic 1977. Development Administration.

Drugs, Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous See Economic Development Service, Drug Abuse Control, Bureau of Foreign Established by order of the Secretary of Agriculture Nov. 8, 1969. Abolished by order of Drugs and Biologics, National Center for Renamed Secretary Feb. 6, 1972, and functions transferred to Center for Drugs and Biologics by Food and Drug Economic Research Service. Administration notice of Mar. 9, 1984 (49 FR 10166). Reestablished as Center for Drug Evaluation and Economic Growth and Stability, Advisory Board Research and Center for Biologics Evaluation and on Established by Presidential letter to Congress Research by Secretary’s notice of Oct. 6, 1987 (52 of June 1, 1953. Superseded by National Advisory FR 38275). Board on Economic Policy by Presidential direction Mar. 12, 1961. Cabinet Committee on Economic Drunk Driving, Presidential Commission Growth established by President Aug. 21, 1962, to on Established by EO 12358 of Apr. 14, 1982. succeed Board. Terminated Dec. 31, 1983, by EO 12415 of Apr. 5, 1983. Economic Management Support Center Established by Secretary of Agriculture Memorandum 1836 of Dryden Research Center, Hugh L. Formerly Jan. 9, 1974. Consolidated with other Department separate field installation of National Aeronautics units into Economics, Statistics, and Cooperatives and Space Administration. Made component of Ames Service by Secretary’s Memorandum 1927, effective Research Center by NASA Management Instruction Dec. 23, 1977. 1107.5A of Sept. 3, 1981. Economic Operations, Board of Established by Economic Administration, Foreign Established Department of State order of Oct. 7, 1941. Abolished in Office for Emergency Management by EO 9380 by departmental order of June 24, 1943, and of Sept. 25, 1943. Functions of Office of Lend- functions transferred to Office of Foreign Economic Lease Administration, Office of Foreign Relief and Coordination established by same order. Office Rehabilitation Operations, Office of Economic abolished by departmental order of Nov. 6, 1943, Warfare (together with U.S. Commercial Company, pursuant to EO 9380 of Sept. 25, 1943. Rubber Development Corporation, Petroleum Reserves Corporation, and Export-Import Bank of Economic Opportunity, Office of Established in Washington and functions transferred thereto by Executive Office of the President by act of Aug. EO 9361 of July 15, 1943), and foreign economic 20, 1964 (78 Stat. 508). All OEO programs except operations of Office of Foreign Economic three transferred by administrative action to the Coordination transferred to Administration. Foreign Departments of Health, Education, and Welfare, procurement activities of War Food Administration Labor, and Housing and Urban Development July 6, and Commodity Credit Corporation transferred by 1973. Community Action, Economic Development, EO 9385 of Oct. 6, 1943. Terminated by EO 9630 and Legal Services Programs transferred to of Sept. 27, 1945, and functions redistributed to the Community Services Administration by act of Jan. 4, Departments of State, Commerce, and Agriculture 1975 (88 Stat. 2310). and the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. Economic Policy, Council on Established by Economic Analysis, Office of See Business Presidential memorandum of Feb. 2, 1973. Functions Economics, Office of absorbed by Economic Policy Board Sept. 30, 1974.

Economic Cooperation Administration Established Economic Policy, Council on Foreign Established by act of Apr. 3, 1948 (62 Stat. 138). Abolished by Dec. 22, 1954, by Presidential letter of Dec. 11, act of Oct. 10, 1951 (65 Stat. 373), and functions 1954. Abolished by President Mar. 12, 1961, and transferred to Mutual Security Agency pursuant to EO functions transferred to Secretary of State. 10300 of Nov. 1, 1951. Economic Policy, Council on Economic Coordination, Office of Foreign See International Established in Executive Office of the Board of Economic Operations President by Presidential memorandum of January 1971. Reestablished by act of Aug. 29, 1972 (86 Stat. Economic Defense Board Established by EO 8839 646). Terminated Sept. 30, 1977, on expiration of of July 30, 1941. Renamed Board of Economic statutory authority. Warfare by EO 8982 of Dec. 17, 1941. Board terminated by EO 9361 of July 15, 1943, and Office Economic Policy, National Advisory Board on See of Economic Warfare established in Office for Economic Growth and Stability, Advisory Board on Emergency Management. Office of Economic Warfare consolidated with Foreign Economic Administration Economic Policy Board, President’s Established by EO 9380 of Sept. 25, 1943. by EO 11808 of Sept. 30, 1974. Terminated by EO 11975 of Mar. 7, 1977. Economic Development, Office of Regional Established by the Secretary of Commerce Economic Recovery Advisory Board, Jan. 6, 1966, pursuant to act of Aug. 26, 1965 (79 President’s Established by EO 13501 of February 574 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

6, 2009. Terminated February 12, 2011 pursuant to Economics, Statistics, and Cooperatives terms of order. Service Renamed Economics and Statistics Service by Secretary of Agriculture Memorandum Economic Research Service Established by 2025 of Sept. 17, 1980. Redesignated as Economic Secretary of Agriculture Memorandum 1446, supp. 1, Research Service and Statistical Reporting Service by of Apr. 3, 1961. Consolidated with other Department Secretarial order of Oct. 1, 1981. of Agriculture units into Economics, Statistics, and Cooperatives Service by Secretary’s Memorandum Economy Board, Joint Placed under direction of 1927, effective Dec. 23, 1977. Redesignated as President by military order of July 5, 1939. Abolished Economic Research Service by Secretarial order of Sept. 1, 1947, by joint letter of Aug. 20, 1947, from Oct. 1, 1981. Secretaries of War and Navy to President.

Economic Security, Advisory Council Education, Federal Board for on Established by EO 6757 of June 29, 1934. Vocational Established by act of Feb. 23, 1917 (39 Terminated on approval of act of Aug. 14, 1935 (49 Stat. 929). Functions transferred to the Department of Stat. 620) Aug. 14, 1935. the Interior by EO 6166 of June 10, 1933. Functions assigned to Commissioner of Education Oct. 10, Economic Security, Committee on Established by 1933. Office of Education transferred from the EO 6757 of June 29, 1934. Terminated as formal Department of the Interior to the Federal Security agency in April 1936, as provided in act, but Agency by Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, effective July 1, continued informally for some time thereafter. 1939. Board abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1946, effective July 16, 1946. Economic Stabilization, Office of Established in Office for Emergency Management by EO 9250 of Education, National Institute of Established by Oct. 3, 1942. Terminated by EO 9620 of Sept. 20, act of June 23, 1972 (86 Stat. 327). Transferred to 1945, and functions transferred to Office of War Office of Educational Research and Improvement, Mobilization and Reconversion. Reestablished in Department of Education, by act of Oct. 17, 1979 (93 Office for Emergency Management by EO 9699 Stat. 678), effective May 4, 1980. of Feb. 21, 1946. Transferred by EO 9762 of July 25, 1946, to Office of War Mobilization and Education, Office of Established as independent Reconversion. Consolidated with other agencies to agency by act of Mar. 2, 1867 (14 Stat. 434). form Office of Temporary Controls by EO 9809 of Transferred to the Department of the Interior by act Dec. 12, 1946. of July 20, 1868 (15 Stat. 106). Transferred to Federal Security Agency by Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, Economic Stabilization Agency Established by EO effective July 1, 1939. Functions of Federal Security 10161 of Sept. 9, 1950, and EO 10276 of July 31, Administrator administered by Office of Education 1951. Terminated, except for liquidation purposes, relating to student loans and defense-related by EO 10434 of Feb. 6, 1953. Liquidation completed education transferred to War Manpower Commission Oct. 31, 1953, pursuant to EO 10480 of Aug. 14, by EO 9247 of Sept. 17, 1942. 1953. Education, Office of Bilingual Abolished by act Economic Stabilization Board Established by of Oct. 17, 1979 (93 Stat. 675), and functions EO 9250 of Oct. 3, 1942. Transferred to Office of transferred to Office of Bilingual Education and War Mobilization and Reconversion by EO 9620 Minority Languages Affairs, Department of Education. of Sept. 20, 1945. Returned to Office of Economic Stabilization on reestablishment by EO 9699 of Education Beyond the High School, President’s Feb. 21, 1946. Board returned to Office of War Committee on Established by act of July 26, 1956 Mobilization and Reconversion by EO 9762 of July (70 Stat. 676). Terminated Dec. 31, 1957. Certain 25, 1946. Functions terminated by EO 9809 of Dec. activities continued by Bureau of Higher Education, 12, 1946. Office of Education.

Economic Warfare, Board of See Economic Education Division Established in the Department Defense Board of Health, Education, and Welfare by act of June 23, 1972 (86 Stat. 327). Functions transferred to the Economic Warfare, Office of See Economic Department of Education by act of Oct. 17, 1979 (93 Defense Board Stat. 677).

Economics, Bureau of Industrial Established Education Goals Panel, National Terminated by by the Secretary of Commerce Jan. 2, 1980, in Congressional mandate, March 15, 2002. conjunction with Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1979, effective Oct. 1, 1980, and operated under Department Education Statistics, National Center Organization Order 35–5B. Abolished at bureau for Established in the Office of the Assistant level by Secretarial order, effective Jan. 22, 1984 Secretary, Department of Health and Human (49 FR 4538). Industry-related functions realigned Services, by act of Aug. 21, 1974 (88 Stat. 556). and transferred from Under Secretary for Economic Transferred to the Office of Educational Research and Affairs to Under Secretary for International Trade. Improvement, Department of Education, by act of Under Secretary for Economic Affairs retained units to Oct. 17, 1979 (93 Stat. 678), effective May 4, 1980. support domestic macroeconomic policy functions. Renamed Center for Education Statistics by act of Oct. 17, 1986 (100 Stat. 1579). Renamed National History of Agency Organizational Changes 575

Center for Education Statistics by act of Apr. 28, 1988 1939, effective July 1, 1939. Functions transferred to (102 Stat. 331). Office of Federal Works Administrator by EO 9357 of June 30, 1943. Educational and Cultural Affairs, Bureau of Established by Secretary of State in 1960. Emergency Conservation Work Established by Terminated by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1977, EO 6101 of Apr. 5, 1933. Succeeded by Civilian effective July 1, 1978, and functions transferred to Conservation Corps. International Communication Agency, effective Apr. 1, 1978. Emergency Council, National Established by EO 6433–A of Nov. 17, 1933. Consolidated with Educational and Cultural Affairs, Interagency Executive Council by EO 6889–A of Oct. 29, 1934. Council on International Established Jan. 20, 1964, Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. II of 1939, effective by Foreign Affairs Manual Circular, under authority July 1, 1939, and functions (except those relating of act of Sept. 21, 1961 (75 Stat. 527). Terminated to Radio Division and Film Service) transferred to Oct. 1973 following creation of Subcommittee on Executive Office of the President. International Exchanges by National Security Council directive. Emergency Council, Office of Economic Adviser to National Established by EO 6240 of Aug. 3, 1933, Educational Exchange, U.S. Advisory Commission in connection with Executive Council, which later on Established by act of Jan. 27, 1948 (62 Stat. 10). consolidated with National Emergency Council. Abolished by act of Sept. 21, 1961 (75 Stat. 538), Records and property used in preparation of statistical and superseded by U.S. Advisory Commission on and economic summaries transferred to Central International Educational and Cultural Affairs. Statistical Board by EO 7003 of Apr. 8, 1935.

Efficiency, Bureau of Organized under act of Feb. Emergency Management, Office for Established in 28, 1916 (39 Stat. 15). Abolished by act of Mar. Executive Office of the President by administrative 3, 1933 (47 Stat. 1519), and records transferred to order of May 25, 1940, in accordance with EO 8248 Bureau of the Budget. of Sept. 8, 1939. Inactive.

Elderly, Committee on Mental Health and Illness Emergency Management Agency, of the Established by act of July 29, 1975 (89 Stat. Federal Established in EO 12127 of Mar. 31, 1979. 347). Terminated Sept. 30, 1977. Functions transferred to Department of Homeland Security by act of Nov. 25, 2002 (116 Stat. 2213). Electoral votes for President and Vice President, Established as a distinct entity with the Department transfer of functions See State, Department of of Homeland Security by act of Oct. 4, 2006 (120 Stat. 1400). Electric Home and Farm Authority Incorporated Aug. 1, 1935, under laws of District of Columbia. Emergency Mobilization Preparedness Designated as U.S. agency by EO 7139 of Aug. 12, Board Established Dec. 17, 1981, by the President. 1935. Continued by act of June 10, 1941 (55 Stat. Abolished by Presidential directive of Sept. 16, 1985. 248). Grouped with other agencies in Federal Loan Agency by Reorg. Plan. No. I of 1939, effective July Emergency Planning, Office of Established as 1, 1939. Functions transferred to the Department of successor to Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization Commerce by EO 9071 of Feb. 24, 1942. Terminated by act of Sept. 22, 1961 (75 Stat. 630). Renamed by EO 9256 of Oct. 13, 1942. Office of Emergency Preparedness by act of Oct. 21, 1968 (82 Stat. 1194). Terminated by Reorg. Plan Electric Home and Farm Authority, Inc. Organized No. 2 of 1973, effective July 1, 1973, and functions Jan. 17, 1934, under laws of State of Delaware by EO transferred to the Departments of the Treasury and 6514 of Dec. 19, 1933. Dissolved Aug. 1, 1935, and Housing and Urban Development and the General succeeded by Electric Home and Farm Authority. Services Administration.

Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Emergency Preparedness, Office of See Emergency Office of Established by Secretary of Energy Planning, Office of announcement of June 9, 2005. Position of director elevated to Assistant Secretary of Electricity Delivery Emergency Procurement Service Established and Energy Reliability by Secretary’s memorandum Sept. 1, 1950, by Administrator of General Services. EXEC–2007–010607 of Oct. 24, 2007. Renamed Defense Materials Service Sept. 7, 1956. Functions transferred to Property Management and Electricity Transmission and Distribution, Office Disposal Service July 29, 1966. Service abolished of Renamed Office of Electricity Delivery and July 1, 1973, and functions transferred to Federal Energy Reliability by the Secretary of Energy’s memo Supply Service, Public Buildings Service, and Federal of Feb. 15, 2005. Property Resources Service.

Emergency Administration of Public Works, Emergency Relief Administration, Federal Established by act of June 16, 1933 (48 Federal Established by act of May 12, 1933 (48 Stat. Stat. 200). Operation continued by subsequent 55). Expired June 30, 1938, having been liquidated legislation, including act of June 21, 1938 (52 Stat. by Works Progress Administrator pursuant to act of 816). Consolidated with Federal Works Agency as May 28, 1937 (50 Stat. 352). Public Works Administration by Reorg. Plan No. I of 576 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Employee-Management Relations Program, consolidated with unemployment compensation President’s Committee on the Implementation of the functions of Social Security Board, Bureau of Federal Established by EO 10988 of Jan. 17, 1962. Employment Security, and transferred to Federal Terminated upon submission of report to President Security Agency by Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, June 21, 1963. effective July 1, 1939. Service transferred to Bureau of Placement, War Manpower Commission, by EO Employees’ Compensation, Bureau of Transferred 9247 of Sept. 17, 1942. Returned to the Department from Federal Security Agency to the Department of Labor by EO 9617 of Sept. 19, 1945. Transferred of Labor by Reorg. Plan No. 19 of 1950, effective to Federal Security Agency by act of June 16, 1948 May 24, 1950. Functions absorbed by Employment (62 Stat. 443), to function as part of Bureau of Standards Administration Mar. 13, 1972. Employment Security, Social Security Administration. Bureau, including U.S. Employment Service, Employees’ Compensation Appeals transferred to the Department of Labor by Reorg. Plan Board Transferred from Federal Security Agency to No. 2 of 1949, effective Aug. 20, 1949. Abolished by the Department of Labor by Reorg. Plan No. 19 of reorganization of Manpower Administration, effective 1950, effective May 24, 1950. Mar. 17, 1969, and functions assigned to U.S. Training and Employment Service. Employees’ Compensation Commission, U.S. Established by act of Sept. 7, 1916 (39 Stat. Employment Stabilization Board, 742). Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1946, Federal Established by act of Feb. 10, 1931 (46 effective July 16, 1946, and functions transferred to Stat. 1085). Abolished by EO 6166 of June 10, 1933. Federal Security Administrator. Abolition deferred by EO 6623 of Mar. 1, 1934, until functions of Board transferred to Federal Employment Employment Board, Fair Established by U.S. Civil Stabilization Office, established in the Department Service Commission pursuant to EO 9980 of July 26, of Commerce by same order. Office abolished by 1948. Abolished by EO 10590 of Jan. 18, 1955. Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, effective July 1, 1939, and functions transferred from the Department of Employment of People With Disabilities, President’s Commerce to National Resources Planning Board, Committee on Created by EO 12640 of May 10, Executive Office of the President. 1988. Duties subsumed by the Office of Disability Employment within the Department of Labor as Employment Stabilization Office, Federal. See directed by Public Law 106–554 of Dec. 21, 2000. Employment Stabilization Board, Federal

Employment of the Physically Handicapped, Employment and Training, Office of President’s Committee on Established by EO 10640 Comprehensive Established in the Department of of Oct. 10, 1955, continuing Committee established Labor. Terminated due to expiration of authority for by act of July 11, 1949 (63 Stat. 409). Superseded appropriations after fiscal year 1982. Replaced by by President’s Committee on Employment of the Office of Employment and Training Programs. Handicapped established by EO 10994 of Feb. 14, 1962. Employment and Training Programs, Office of Renamed Office of Job Training Programs Employment Policy, President’s Committee on by Employment and Training Administration Government Established by EO 10590 of Jan. 18, reorganization in the Department of Labor, effective 1955. Abolished by EO 10925 of Mar. 6, 1961, and June 1984. functions transferred to President’s Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity. Endangered Species Scientific Authority Established by EO 11911 of Apr. 13, 1976. Terminated by act Employment Practice, Committee on of Dec. 28, 1979 (93 Stat. 1228), and functions Fair Established in Office of Production transferred to the Secretary of the Interior. Management by EO 8802 of June 25, 1941. Transferred to War Manpower Commission by Energy Administration, Federal Established by act Presidential letter effective July 30, 1942. Committee of May 7, 1974 (88 Stat. 96). Assigned additional terminated on establishment of Committee on responsibilities by acts of June 22, 1974 (88 Stat. Fair Employment Practice, Office for Emergency 246), Dec. 22, 1975 (89 Stat. 871), and Aug. 14, Management, by EO 9346 of May 27, 1943. 1976 (90 Stat. 1125). Terminated by act of Aug. 4, Terminated June 30, 1946, by act of July 17, 1945 (59 1977 (91 Stat. 577), and functions transferred to the Stat. 743). Department of Energy.

Employment Security, Bureau of Transferred Energy Advisory Support Office, Secretary from Federal Security Agency to the Department of of Abolished by secretarial decision of Feb. 6, Labor by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1949, effective Aug. 2006. 20, 1949. Abolished by order of Mar. 14, 1969 of the Secretary of Labor, and functions transferred to Energy Assurance, Office of Abolished pursuant Manpower Administration. to Conference Report No. 108–729 on H.R. 4818, Consolidated Appropriations Act. Functions merged Employment Service, U.S. Established in the with Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Department of Labor in 1918 by departmental order. Reliability. Abolished by act of June 6, 1933 (48 Stat. 113), and created as bureau with same name. Functions History of Agency Organizational Changes 577

Energy Conservation, Office of Established Environmental Quality Council Established by by Interior Secretarial Order 2953 May 7, EO 11472 of May 29, 1969. Renamed Cabinet 1973. Functions transferred to Federal Energy Committee on the Environment by EO 11514 of Mar. Administration by act of May 7, 1974 (88 Stat. 100). 5, 1970. EO 11514 terminated by EO 11541 of July 1, 1970. Energy Data and Analysis, Office of Established by Interior Secretarial Order 2953 of May 7, Environment, Safety, and Health, Office 1973. Functions transferred to Federal Energy of Established by act of Aug. 4, 1977 (91 Stat. 570). Administration by act of May 7, 1974 (88 Stat. 100). Abolished by Secretary of Energy memorandum 2006–007929 of Aug. 30, 2006, and functions Energy Policy Office Established in Executive Office transferred to Office of Health, Safety, and Security. of the President by EO 11726 of June 29, 1973. Abolished by EO 11775 of Mar. 26, 1974. Environmental Science Services Administration Established in the Department of Energy Programs, Office of Established by Commerce by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1965, effective Department of Commerce Organization Order 25– July 13, 1965, by consolidating Weather Bureau and 7A, effective Sept. 24, 1975. Terminated by act of Coast and Geodetic Survey. Abolished by Reorg. Plan Aug. 4, 1977 (91 Stat. 581), and functions transferred No. 4 of 1970, effective Oct. 3, 1970, and functions to the Department of Energy. transferred to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Energy Research and Development Administration Established by act of Oct. 11, 1974 Equal Employment Opportunity, President’s (88 Stat. 1234). Assigned responsibilities by acts of Committee on Established by EO 10925 of Mar. 6, Sept. 3, 1974 (88 Stat. 1069, 1079), Oct. 26, 1974 1961. Abolished by EO 11246 of Sept. 24, 1965, and (88 Stat. 1431), and Dec. 31, 1974 (88 Stat. 1887). functions transferred to the Department of Labor and Terminated by act of Aug. 4, 1977 (91 Stat. 577), and U.S. Civil Service Commission. functions transferred to the Department of Energy. Equal Opportunity, President’s Council Energy Resources Council Established in Executive on Established by EO 11197 of Feb. 5, 1965. Office of the President by act of Oct. 11, 1974 (88 Abolished by EO 11247 of Sept. 24, 1965, and Stat. 1233). Establishing authority repealed by act of functions transferred to the Department of Justice. Aug. 4, 1977 (91 Stat. 608), and Council terminated. Equipment, Bureau of Established as Bureau of Energy Supplies and Resources Policy, Presidential Equipment and Recruiting by act of July 5, 1862 Advisory Committee on Established July 30, 1954, (12 Stat. 510), replacing Bureau of Construction, by President. Abolished Mar. 12, 1961, by President Equipment and Repairs. Designated as Bureau of and functions transferred to the Secretary of the Equipment in annual appropriation acts commencing Interior. with fiscal year 1892 (26 Stat. 192) after cognizance over enlisted personnel matters transferred, effective Enforcement Commission, National Established July 1, 1889, to Bureau of Navigation. Functions by General Order 18 of Economic Stabilization distributed among bureaus and offices in the Administrator, effective July 30, 1952. Functions Department of the Navy by act of June 24, 1910 (61 transferred to Director, Office of Defense Stat. 613). Abolished by act of June 30, 1914 (38 Stat. Mobilization, and Attorney General by EO 10494 of 408). Oct. 14, 1953. Ethics, Office of Government Established in the Engineering, Bureau of See Steam Engineering, Office of Personnel Management by act of Oct. 26, Bureau of 1978 (92 Stat. 1862). Became a separate executive agency status by act of Nov. 3, 1988 (102 Stat. 3031). Entomology, Bureau of See Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Bureau of European Migration, Intergovernmental Committee for Renamed Intergovernmental Committee Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Bureau for Migration by Resolution 624, passed by of Bureau of Entomology and Bureau of Plant Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration Quarantine created by acts of Apr. 23, 1904 (33 Stat. Council, effective Nov. 11, 1980. 276), and July 7, 1932 (47 Stat. 640), respectively. Consolidated with disease control and eradication Evacuation, Joint Committee on See Health and functions of Bureau of Plant Industry into Bureau Welfare Aspects of Evacuation of Civilians, Joint of Entomology and Plant Quarantine by act of Committee on Mar. 23, 1934 (48 Stat. 467). Functions transferred to Agricultural Research Service by Secretary’s Exchange Service, International Established in Memorandum 1320, supp. 4, of Nov. 2, 1953. 1849 in Smithsonian Institution. Renamed Office of Publications Exchange by Secretary’s internal Environment, Cabinet Committee on the See directive of Jan. 11, 1985. Environmental Quality Council Executive Branch of the Government, Commission Environmental Financing Authority Established by on Organization of the Established by act of July act of Oct. 18, 1972 (86 Stat. 899). Expired June 30, 7, 1947 (61 Stat. 246). Terminated June 12, 1949, 1975, pursuant to terms of act. pursuant to terms of act. Second Commission 578 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL on Organization of the Executive Branch of the Exports and Requirements, Division of Established Government established by act of July 10, 1953 (67 in Office of Foreign Economic Coordination by the Stat. 142). Terminated June 30, 1955, pursuant to Department of State order of Feb. 1, 1943. Abolished terms of act. by departmental order of Nov. 6, 1943, pursuant to EO 9380 of Sept. 25, 1943. Executive Council Established by EO 6202–A of July 11, 1933. Consolidated with National Emergency Extension Service Established by act of May 14, Council by EO 6889–A of Oct. 29, 1934. 1914 (38 Stat. 372). Consolidated into Science and Education Administration by Secretary’s order of Executive Exchange, President’s Commission Jan. 24, 1978. Reestablished as Extension Service on See Personnel Interchange, President’s by Secretarial order of June 16, 1981. Became part Commission on of Cooperative State, Research, Education, and Extension Service under Department of Agriculture’s Executive orders See State, Department of reorganization in 1995.

Executive Organization, President’s Advisory Facts and Figures, Office of Established in Office Council on Established by President Apr. 5, 1969. for Emergency Management by EO 8922 of Oct. 24, Terminated May 7, 1971. 1941. Consolidated with Office of War Information in Office for Emergency Management by EO 9182 of Executive Protective Service See Secret Service June 13, 1942. Division Family Security Committee Established in Office of Executives, Active Corps of Established in ACTION Defense Health and Welfare Services Feb. 12, 1941, by act of Oct. 1, 1973 (87 Stat. 404). Transferred to by administrative order. Terminated Dec. 17, 1942. Small Business Administration by EO 11871 of July 18, 1975. Family Services, Bureau of See Assistance, Bureau of Public Export Administration, Bureau of Established as a separate agency within the Department of Family Support Administration Established on Commerce on Oct. 1, 1987 (50 USC app. 2401 et Apr. 4, 1986, in the Department of Health and seq.). Renamed Bureau of Industry and Security by Human Services under authority of section 6 Department of Commerce internal organization order of Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1953, effective of Apr. 18, 2002 (67 FR 20630). Apr. 11, 1953 (see also 51 FR 11641). Merged into Administration for Children and Families by Export Control, Administrator of Functions Secretary’s reorganization notice dated Apr. 15, 1991. delegated to Administrator by Proc. 2413 of July 2, 1940, transferred to Office of Export Control, Farm Board, Federal Established by act of June Economic Defense Board, by EO 8900 of Sept. 15, 15, 1929 (46 Stat. 11). Renamed Farm Credit 1941. Renamed Board of Economic Warfare by EO Administration and certain functions abolished by EO 8982 of Dec. 17, 1941. Board terminated by EO 6084 of Mar. 27, 1933. Administration placed under 9361 of July 15, 1943. the Department of Agriculture by Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. Made independent Export Control, Office of See Export Control, agency in the executive branch of the Government, Administrator of to be housed in the Department of Agriculture, by act of Aug. 6, 1953 (67 Stat. 390). Removed from the Export-Import Bank of Washington Organization of Department of Agriculture by act of Dec. 10, 1971 District of Columbia banking corporation directed by (85 Stat. 617). EO 6581 of Feb. 2, 1934. Certificate of incorporation filed Feb. 12, 1934. Grouped with other agencies Farm Credit Administration See Farm Board, to form Federal Loan Agency by Reorg. Plan No. I Federal of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. Transferred to the Department of Commerce by EO 9071 of Feb. 24, Farm Loan Board, Federal Established in the 1942. Functions transferred to Office of Economic Department of the Treasury to administer act of Warfare by EO 9361 of July 15, 1943. Established July 17, 1916 (39 Stat. 360). Offices of appointed as permanent independent agency by act of July 31, members of Board, except member designated as 1945 (59 Stat. 526). Renamed Export-Import Bank of Farm Loan Commissioner, abolished by EO 6084 of the U.S. by act of Mar. 13, 1968 (82 Stat. 47). Mar. 27, 1933, and Board functions transferred to Farm Loan Commissioner, subject to jurisdiction and Export-Import Bank of Washington, DC, control of Farm Credit Administration. Title changed Second Authorized by EO 6638 of Mar. 9, 1934. to Land Bank Commissioner by act of June 16, 1933. Abolished by EO 7365 of May 7, 1936, and records Abolished by act of Aug. 6, 1953 (67 Stat. 393). transferred to Export-Import Bank of Washington, effective June 30, 1936. Farm Loan Bureau, Federal Established in the Department of the Treasury under supervision of Export Marketing Service Established by the Federal Farm Loan Board and charged with execution Secretary of Agriculture Mar. 28, 1969. Merged of act of July 17, 1916 (39 Stat. 360). Transferred to with Foreign Agricultural Service by Secretary’s Farm Credit Administration by EO 6084 of Mar. 27, memorandum of Dec. 7, 1973, effective Feb. 3, 1933. 1974. History of Agency Organizational Changes 579

Farm Loan Commissioner See Farm Loan Board, Federal Register, Office of the See Federal Register, Federal Division of the

Farm Mortgage Corporation, Federal Established Federal Reserve Board Renamed Board of by act of Jan. 31, 1934 (48 Stat. 344). Transferred to Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and the Department of Agriculture by Reorg. Plan No. Governor and Vice Governor designated as Chairman I of 1939, effective July 1, 1939, to operate under and Vice Chairman, respectively, of Board by act of supervision of Farm Credit Administration. Abolished Aug. 23, 1935 (49 Stat. 704). by act of Oct. 4, 1961 (75 Stat. 773). Federal Tax Reform, President’s Advisory Panel Farm Products, Division of (Also known as Division on Established by EO 13369 of Jan. 7, 2005. of Agriculture) Abolished by EO 13446 of Sept. 28, 2007.

Established by Advisory Commission to Council Field Services, Office of Established by the of National Defense pursuant to act of Aug. Secretary of Commerce Feb. 1, 1963, by Department 29, 1916 (39 Stat. 649). Office of Agricultural Organization Order 40–3. Terminated by Department Defense Relations (later known as Office for Organization Order 40–1A of Sept. 15, 1970, Agricultural War Relations) established in the and functions transferred to Bureau of Domestic Department of Agriculture by Presidential letter of Commerce. May 5, 1941, which transferred to the Secretary of Agriculture functions previously assigned to Filipino Rehabilitation Commission Established by Division of Agriculture. Functions concerned with act of June 29, 1944 (58 Stat. 626). Inactive pursuant food production transferred to Food Production to terms of act. Administration and functions concerned with food distribution transferred to Food Distribution Film Service, U.S. Established by National Administration by EO 9280 of Dec. 5, 1942. Emergency Council in September 1938. Transferred to Office of Education, Federal Security Agency, by Farm Security Administration See Resettlement Reorg. Plan No. II of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. Administration Terminated June 30, 1940.

Farm Service Agency Established by Secretary’s Films, Coordinator of Government Director Memorandum 1010–1 dated Oct. 20, 1994, under of Office of Government Reports designated authority of the act of Oct. 13, 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6901), Coordinator of Government Films by Presidential and assumed certain functions of the Agricultural letter of Dec. 18, 1941. Functions transferred to Stabilization and Conservation Service, the Farmers’ Office of War Information by EO 9182 of June 13, Home Administration, and the Federal Crop 1942. Insurance Corporation. Renamed Consolidated Farm Service Agency by Acting Administrator on Dec. 19, Financial Capability, President’s Advisory Council 1994. on Established by EO 13530 of January 29, 2010. Terminated on January 29, 2013 by sec. 3 of EO Farmer Cooperative Service Established by 13591 of November 11, 2011. Secretary of Agriculture Memorandum 1320, supp. 4, of Dec. 4, 1953. Consolidated with other Department Financial Operations, Bureau of of Agriculture units into Economics, Statistics, and Government Renamed Financial Management Cooperatives Service by Secretary’s Memorandum Service by Order 145–21 of the Secretary of the 1927, effective Dec. 23, 1977. Treasury, effective Oct. 10, 1984.

Farmers’ Home Administration. See Resettlement Fire Administration, U.S. See Fire Prevention and Administration Control Administration, National

Federal. See also other part of title Fire Council, Federal Established by EO 7397 of June 20, 1936. Transferred July 1, 1939, to Federal Advisory Council Established in Federal Federal Works Agency by EO 8194 of July 6, 1939, Security Agency by act of June 6, 1933 (48 Stat. 116). with functions under direction of Federal Works Transferred to the Department of Labor by Reorg. Administrator. Transferred with Federal Works Agency Plan No. 2 of 1949, effective Aug. 20, 1949. to General Services Administration by act of June 30, 1949 (63 Stat. 380). Transferred to the Department of Federal Register, Administrative Committee of Commerce by EO 11654 of Mar. 13, 1972. the See Archives Establishment, National Fire Prevention and Control, National Academy Federal Register, Division of the Established by for Established in the Department of Commerce by act of July 26, 1935 (49 Stat. 500). Transferred to act of Oct. 29, 1974 (88 Stat. 1537). Transferred to General Services Administration as part of National Federal Emergency Management Agency by Reorg. Archives and Records Service by act of June 30, Plan No. 3 of 1978, effective Apr. 1, 1979. 1949 (63 Stat. 381). Renamed Office of the Federal Register by order of General Services Administrator, Fire Prevention and Control Administration, Feb. 6, 1959. Transferred to National Archives and National Renamed U.S. Fire Administration by act Records Administration by act of Oct. 19, 1984 (98 of Oct. 5, 1978 (92 Stat. 932). Transferred to Federal Stat. 2283). 580 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Emergency Management Agency by Reorg. Plan No. Food Distribution Administration Established 3 of 1978, effective Apr. 1, 1979 in the Department of Agriculture by EO 9280 of Dec. 5, 1942, consolidating Agricultural Marketing Fiscal Responsibility and Reform, National Administration, Sugar Agency, distribution functions Commission on Established by EO 13531 of Feb. of Office for Agricultural War Relations, regulatory 18, 2010. Terminated 30 days after submission of work of Bureau of Animal Industry, and food units final report to President on January 31, 2011. of War Production Board. Consolidated with other agencies by EO 9322 of Mar. 26, 1943, to form Fish Commission, U.S. Commissioner of Fish and Administration of Food Production and Distribution. Fisheries established as head of U.S. Fish Commission by joint resolution of Feb. 9, 1871 (16 Stat. 594). Food and Drug Administration See Food, Drug, Commission established as Bureau of Fisheries and Insecticide Administration in Department of Commerce and Labor by act of Feb. 14, 1903 (32 Stat. 827). Department of Labor Food Industry Advisory Committee Established by created by act of Mar. 4, 1913 (37 Stat. 736), and EO 11627 of Oct. 15, 1971. Abolished by EO 11781 Bureau remained in the Department of Commerce. of May 1, 1974. Transferred to the Department of the Interior by Reorg. Plan No. II of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. Food and Nutrition Service Established Aug. 8, Consolidated with Bureau of Biological Survey into 1969, by Secretary of Agriculture under authority of 5 Fish and Wildlife Service by Reorg. Plan No. III of U.S.C. 301 and Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1953 (5 U.S.C. 1940, effective June 30, 1940. app.). Abolished by Secretary’s Memorandum 1010–1 dated Oct. 20, 1994. Functions assumed by Food and Fish and Wildlife Service Established by Reorg. Plan Consumer Service. No. III of 1940, effective June 30, 1940, consolidating Bureau of Fisheries and Bureau of Biological Survey. Food Production Administration Established in the Succeeded by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Department of Agriculture by EO 9280 of Dec. 5, 1942, which consolidated Agricultural Adjustment Fisheries, Bureau of See Fish Commission, U.S. Agency, Farm Credit Administration, Farm Security Administration, Federal Crop Insurance Corporation, Fisheries, Bureau of Commercial Organized in Soil Conservation Service, and food production 1959 under U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the activities of War Production Board, Office of Department of the Interior. Abolished by Reorg. Plan Agricultural War Relations, and Division of Farm No. 4 of 1970, effective Oct. 3, 1970, and functions Management and Costs, Bureau of Agricultural transferred to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Economics. Consolidated with other agencies by EO Administration. 9322 of Mar. 26, 1943, to form Administration of Food Production and Distribution. Fishery Coordination, Office of Established in the Department of the Interior by EO 9204 of July 21, Food Production and Distribution, Administration 1942. Terminated by EO 9649 of Oct. 29, 1945. of Established by consolidation of Food Production Administration, Food Distribution Administration, Flood Indemnity Administration, Commodity Credit Corporation, and Extension Federal Established in Housing and Home Service, Department of Agriculture, by EO 9322 of Finance Agency by Administrator’s Organizational Mar. 26, 1943, under direction of Administrator, Order 1, effective Sept. 28, 1956, redesignated as directly responsible to President. Renamed War Administrator’s Organizational Order 2 on Dec. 7, Food Administration by EO 9334 of Apr. 19, 1943. 1956, pursuant to act of Aug. 7, 1956 (70 Stat. 1078). Terminated by EO 9577 of June 29, 1945, and Abolished by Administrator’s Organizational Order 3, functions transferred to the Secretary of Agriculture. effective July 1, 1957, due to lack of funding. Transfer made permanent by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1946, effective July 16, 1946. Flood Protection Structure Accreditation Task Force Established by act of July 6, 2012 (126 Stat. Food Safety and Quality Service Renamed 942). Terminated upon submission of final report not Food Safety and Inspection Service by Agriculture later than July 6, 2013. Secretary’s memorandum of June 19, 1981.

Food, Cost of Living Council Committee Foods, Bureau of Renamed Center for Food on Established by EO 11695 of Jan. 11, 1973. Safety and Applied Nutrition by Food and Drug Abolished by EO 11788 of June 18, 1974. Administration notice of Mar. 9, 1984 (49 FR 10166).

Food, Drug, and Insecticide Foreign. See also other part of title Administration Established by act of Jan. 18, 1927 (44 Stat. 1002). Renamed Food and Drug Foreign Aid, Advisory Committee on Administration by act of May 27, 1930 (46 Stat. Voluntary Established by President May 14, 1946. 422). Transferred from the Department of Agriculture Transferred from the Department of State to the to Federal Security Agency by Reorg. Plan No. IV Director of the Mutual Security Agency, and later to of 1940, effective June 30, 1940. Transferred to Director of the Foreign Operations Administration, by Department of Health, Education, and Welfare by Presidential letter of June 1, 1953. Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1953, effective Apr. 11, 1953. History of Agency Organizational Changes 581

Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board, Geographical Names, U.S. Board on See President’s Established by EO 12863 of Sept. 13, Geographic Board, U.S. 1993. Abolished by EO 13462 of Feb. 29, 2008. Geography, Office of Function of standardizing Foreign Operations Administration Established by foreign place names placed in the Department Reorg. Plan No. 7 of 1953, effective Aug. 1, 1953, of the Interior conjointly with the Board on and functions transferred from Office of Director of Geographic Names by act of July 25, 1947 (61 Stat. Mutual Security, Mutual Security Agency, Technical 456). Functions transferred to the Department of Cooperation Administration, Institute of Inter- Defense by memorandum of understanding by the American Affairs. Abolished by EO 10610 of May Departments of the Interior and Defense and the 9, 1955, and functions and offices transferred to the Bureau of the Budget Mar. 9, 1968. Departments of State and Defense. Geological Survey Established in the Department Foreign Scholarships, Board of Renamed J. William of the Interior by act of Mar. 3, 1879 (20 Stat. 394). Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Board by act of Feb. Renamed United States Geological Survey by acts of 16, 1990 (104 Stat. 49). Nov. 13, 1991 (105 Stat. 1000) and May 18, 1992 (106 Stat. 172). Forest Reservation Commission, National Established by act of Mar. 1, 1911 (36 Stat. Germany, Mixed Claims Commission, U.S. 962). Terminated by act of Oct. 22, 1976 (90 Stat. and Established by agreement of Aug. 10, 1922, 2961), and functions transferred to the Secretary of between U.S. and Germany. Duties extended by Agriculture. agreement of Dec. 31, 1928. Time limit for filing claims expired June 30, 1928. All claims disposed of Forests, Director of Established by Administrative by Oct. 30, 1939. Terminated June 30, 1941. Order 1283 of May 18, 1938. Made part of Office of Land Utilization, Department of the Interior, by Global Communications, Office of Established Administrative Order 1466 of Apr. 15, 1940. within the White House Office by EO 13283 of Jan. 21, 2003. Abolished by EO 13385 of Sept. 29, 2005 Freedmen’s Hospital Established by act of Mar. 3, 1871 (16 Stat. 506; T. 32 of D.C. Code). Transferred Global Health Affairs, Office of Renamed Office from the Department of the Interior to Federal o f Global Affairs by Secretary of Health and Human Security Agency by Reorg. Plan No. IV of 1940, Services notice of June 22, 2011 (76 FR 36539). effective June 30, 1940. Goethals Memorial Commission Established by Fuel Yards Established by act of July 1, 1918 act of Aug. 4, 1935 (49 Stat. 743). Placed under (40 Stat. 672). Transferred from Bureau of Mines, jurisdiction of Department of War by EO 8191 of July Department of Commerce, to Procurement Division, 5, 1939. Department of the Treasury, by EO 6166 of June 10, 1933, effective Mar. 2, 1934. Government. See other part of title

Fuels Coordinator for War, Office of Solid See Grain Futures Administration Established in the Fuels Administration for War, Solid Department of Agriculture under provisions of act of Sept. 21, 1922 (42 Stat. 998). Superseded Fuels Corporation, U.S. Synthetic Established by by Commodity Exchange Administration by order act of June 30, 1980 (94 Stat. 636). Terminated Apr. of Secretary, effective July 1, 1936. Consolidated 18, 1986, by act of Dec. 19, 1985 (99 Stat. 1249), with other agencies into Commodity Exchange and functions transferred to the Secretary of the Branch, Agricultural Marketing Administration, by Treasury. EO 9069 of Feb. 23, 1942. Functions transferred to the Secretary of Agriculture by EO 9577 of June Fund-Raising Within the Federal Service, President’s 29, 1945. Transfer made permanent by Reorg. Plan Committee on Established by EO 10728 of Sept. No. 3 of 1946, effective July 16, 1946. Functions 6, 1957. Abolished by EO 10927 of Mar. 18, 1961, transferred to Commodity Exchange Authority by and functions transferred to U.S. Civil Service Secretary’s Memorandum 1185 of Jan. 21, 1947. Commission. Functions transferred to Commodity Futures Trading Commission by act of Oct. 23, 1974 (88 Stat. 1414). Gallaudet College See Columbia Institution for the Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb, and the Blind Grain Inspection Service, Federal Established in the Department of Agriculture by act of Oct. General Programs, Office of Renamed Office 21, 1976 (90 Stat. 2868). Abolished by Secretary’s of Public Programs by the Chairman, National Memorandum 1010–1 dated Oct. 20, 1994, and Endowment for the Humanities, in January 1991. program authority and functions transferred to the Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Geographic Board, U.S. Established by EO 27–A Administration. of Sept. 4, 1890. Abolished by EO 6680 of Apr. 17, 1935, and duties transferred to U.S. Board on Grain Stabilization Corporation Organized as Geographical Names, Department of the Interior, Delaware corporation to operate in connection with effective June 17, 1934. Board abolished by act of Federal Farm Board pursuant to act of June 15, 1929 July 25, 1947 (61 Stat. 457), and duties assumed by (46 Stat. 11). Terminated by filing of certificate of Board on Geographic Names. 582 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL dissolution with Corporation Commission of State of Health, Cost of Living Council Committee Delaware Dec. 14, 1935. on Established by EO 11695 of Jan. 11, 1973. Abolished by EO 11788 of June 18, 1974. Grant Administration, Office of Transferred from the Office of the General Council to the Deputy Health, Education, and Welfare, Department Director, U.S. Trade and Development Agency by of Established by Reorganization Plan No. 1 administrative order of Apr. 25, 2007. of 1953 (5 U.S.C. app.), effective Apr. 11, 1953. Renamed Department of Health and Human Services Grants and Program Systems, Office of Abolished by act of Oct. 17, 1979 (93 Stat. 695). and functions transferred to Cooperative State Research Service, Department of Agriculture, by Health, Welfare, and Related Defense Activities, Secretarial Memorandum 1020–26 of July 1, 1986. Office of the Coordinator of Federal Security Administrator designated as Coordinator of health, Grazing Service Consolidated with General Land welfare, and related fields of activity affecting Office into Bureau of Land Management, Department national defense, including aspects of education of the Interior, by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1946, effective under Federal Security Agency, by Council of July 16, 1946. National Defense, with approval of President, Nov. 28, 1940. Office of Coordinator superseded by Office Great Lakes Basin Commission Established by EO of Defense Health and Welfare Services, established 11345 of Apr. 20, 1967. Terminated by EO 12319 of in Office for Emergency Services by EO 8890 of Sept. Sept. 9, 1981. 3, 1941.

Great Lakes Pilotage Administration Established Health Care Technology, National Council in the Department of Commerce to administer act of on Established by act of July 1, 1944, as amended June 30, 1960 (74 Stat. 259). Administration of act (92 Stat. 3447). Renamed Council on Health Care transferred to the Secretary of Transportation by act of Technology by act of Oct. 30, 1984 (98 Stat. 2820). Oct. 15, 1966 (80 Stat. 931). Name lowercased by act of Oct. 7, 1985 (99 Stat. 493). Terminated by act of Dec. 19, 1989 (103 Stat. Greening the Government through Waste Prevention 2205). and Recycling, Steering Committee Established by EO 13101 of Sept. 14, 1998. Abolished by EO 13423 Health Facilities, Financing, Compliance, and of Jan. 24, 2007. Conversion, Bureau of Renamed Bureau of Health Facilities by Department of Health and Human Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Council Task Services Secretarial order of Mar. 12, 1980 (45 FR Force Established by EO 13554 of Oct. 5, 2010. 17207). Terminated by EO 13626 of Sept. 10, 2012. Health Industry Advisory Committee Established Handicapped, National Center on Education Media by EO 11695 of Jan. 11, 1973. Abolished by EO and Materials for the Established by agreement 11781 of May 1, 1974. between the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare and Ohio State University, pursuant to acts Health Manpower, Bureau of Renamed Bureau of Aug. 20, 1969 (83 Stat. 102) and Apr. 13, 1970 of Health Professions by Department of Health and (84 Stat. 187). Authorization deleted by act of Nov. Human Services Secretarial order of Mar. 12, 1980 29, 1975 (89 Stat. 795), and the Secretary was (45 FR 17207). authorized to enter into agreements with non-Federal organizations to establish and operate centers for Health and Medical Committee Established by handicapped. Council of National Defense order of Sept. 19, 1940. Transferred to Federal Security Agency by Handicapped, National Council on the Established Council order approved by President Nov. 28, 1940. in the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Reestablished in Office of Defense Health and by act of Nov. 6, 1978 (92 Stat. 2977). Transferred to Welfare Services, Office for Emergency Management, the Department of Education by act of Oct. 17, 1979 by EO 8890 of Sept. 3, 1941. Committee transferred (93 Stat. 677). Reorganized as independent agency to Federal Security Agency by EO 9338 of Apr. 29, by act of Feb. 22, 1984 (98 Stat. 26). 1943.

Handicapped Employees, Interagency Committee Health Reform, White House Office of Established on Alternately renamed Interagency Committee on by EO 13507 of April 8, 2009. Revoked by EO 13569 Employment of People with Disabilities by EO 12704 of April 5, 2011. of Feb. 26, 1990. Health Resources Administration Established in Handicapped Individuals, White House Conference Public Health Service. Abolished by Department on Established by act of Dec. 7, 1974 (88 Stat. of Health and Human Services Secretarial 1617). Terminated Dec. 30, 1977, pursuant to terms reorganization of Aug. 20, 1982 (47 FR 38409), of act. and functions transferred to Health Resources and Services Administration. Handicapped Research, National Institute of Renamed National Institute on Disability and Health Service, Public Originated by act of July 16, Rehabilitation Research by act of Oct. 21, 1986 (100 1798 (1 Stat. 605). Transferred from the Department Stat. 1820). History of Agency Organizational Changes 583 of the Treasury to the Federal Security Agency by Hemispheric Defense Studies, Center Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. for Established by Department of Defense Directive 3200.12 of Sept. 3, 1997. Abolished by act of Oct. Health Services Administration Established in 17, 2006 (120 Stat. 2353). Public Health Service. Abolished by Department of Health and Human Services Secretarial Highway Safety Agency, National Established reorganization of Aug. 20, 1982 (47 FR 38409), in the Department of Commerce by act of Sept. 9, and functions transferred to Health Resources and 1966 (80 Stat. 731). Functions transferred to the Services Administration. Department of Transportation by act of Oct. 15, 1966 (80 Stat. 931). Functions transferred to National Health Services Industry, Committee on Highway Safety Bureau by EO 11357 of June 6, the Established by EO 11627 of Oct. 15, 1971. 1967. Bureau renamed National Highway Traffic Abolished by EO 11695 of Jan. 11, 1973. Safety Administration by act of Dec. 31, 1970 (84 Stat. 1739). Health Services and Mental Health Administration Established in Public Health Service Highway Safety Bureau, National See Highway Apr. 1, 1968. Abolished by Department of Health, Safety Agency, National Education, and Welfare reorganization order and functions transferred to Centers for Disease Control, Home Economics, Bureau of Human Nutrition Health Resources Administration, and Health and See Home Economics, Office of Services Administration, effective July 1, 1973. Home Economics, Office of Renamed Bureau Health Services Research, National Center of Home Economics by Secretary’s Memorandum for Established by act of July 23, 1974 (88 436, effective July 1, 1923, pursuant to act of Feb. Stat. 363). Transferred from Health Resources 26, 1923 (42 Stat. 1289). Redesignated Bureau of Administration to Office of the Assistant Secretary Human Nutrition and Home Economics February for Health by Department of Health, Education, 1943 in accordance with Research Administration and Welfare reorganization, effective Dec. 2, 1977. Memorandum 5 issued pursuant to EO 9069 of Renamed National Center for Health Services Feb. 23, 1942, and in conformity with Secretary’s Research and Health Care Technology Assessment by Memorandums 960 and 986. Functions transferred Secretary’s order, pursuant to act of Oct. 30, 1984 (98 to Agricultural Research Service by Secretary’s Stat. 2817). Terminated by act of Dec. 19, 1989 (103 Memorandum 1320, supp. 4, of Nov. 2, 1953. Stat. 2205). Home Loan Bank Administration, Federal See Health Statistics, National Center for Established Home Loan Bank Board, Federal by act of July 23, 1974 (88 Stat. 363). Transferred from Health Resources Administration to Office of Home Loan Bank Board See Home Loan Bank the Assistant Secretary for Health by the Department Board, Federal of Health, Education, and Welfare reorganization, effective Dec. 2, 1977. Transferred to Centers for Home Loan Bank Board, Federal Established by Disease Control by Secretary’s notice of Apr. 2, 1987 acts of July 22, 1932 (47 Stat. 725), June 13, 1933 (52 FR 13318). (48 Stat. 128), and June 27, 1934 (48 Stat. 1246). Grouped with other agencies to form Federal Loan Health and Welfare Activities, Interdepartmental Agency by Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, effective July Committee to Coordinate Appointed by President 1, 1939. Functions transferred to Federal Home Loan Aug. 15, 1935, and reestablished by EO 7481 of Oct. Bank Administration, National Housing Agency, 27, 1936. Terminated in 1939. by EO 9070 of Feb. 24, 1942. Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 3, effective July 27, 1947, and functions Health and Welfare Aspects of Evacuation of transferred to Home Loan Bank Board, Housing and Civilians, Joint Committee on Established August Home Finance Agency. Renamed Federal Home 1941 as joint committee of Office of Defense Loan Bank Board and made independent agency by Health and Welfare Services and Office of Civilian act of Aug. 11, 1955 (69 Stat. 640). Abolished by act Defense. Reorganized in June 1942 and renamed of Aug. 9, 1989 (103 Stat. 354, 415), and functions Joint Committee on Evacuation. Office of Defense transferred to Office of Thrift Supervision, Resolution Health and Welfare Services abolished by EO 9388 Trust Corporation, Federal Deposit Insurance of Apr. 29, 1943, and functions transferred to Federal Corporation, and Federal Housing Finance Board. Security Agency. Committee terminated. (See also Thrift Supervision, Office of).

Heart and Lung Institute, National Renamed Home Loan Bank System, Federal Grouped with National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute by act of other agencies to form Federal Loan Agency by Apr. 22, 1976 (90 Stat. 402). Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. Functions transferred to Federal Home Loan Bank Heritage Conservation and Recreation Administration, National Housing Agency, by EO Service Established by the Secretary of the Interior 9070 of Feb. 24, 1942. Transferred to Housing and Jan. 25, 1978. Abolished by Secretarial Order Home Finance Agency by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1947, 3060 of Feb. 19, 1981, and functions transferred to effective July 27, 1947. National Park Service. Home Mortgage Credit Extension Committee, National Voluntary Established by act of Aug. 584 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

2, 1954 (68 Stat 638). Terminated Oct. 1, 1965, of Defense Housing, Mutual Ownership Defense pursuant to terms of act. Housing Division, Office of Administrator of Federal Works Agency, and the Departments of War and the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation Established Navy with respect to housing located off military by act of June 13, 1933 (48 Stat. 128), under installations. Agency dissolved on creation of supervision of Federal Home Loan Bank Board. Housing and Home Finance Agency by Reorg. Plan Grouped with other agencies to form Federal Loan No. 3 of 1947, effective July 27, 1947. Agency by Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. Transferred to Federal Home Loan Bank Housing Authority, Federal Public Established by Administration, National Housing Agency, by EO EO 9070 of Feb. 24, 1942. Public housing functions 9070 of Feb. 24, 1942. Board of Directors abolished of Federal Works Agency, the Departments of War by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1947, effective July 27, 1947, and the Navy (except housing located on military and functions transferred, for liquidation of assets, installations), and Farm Security Administration to Home Loan Bank Board, Housing and Home (nonfarm housing) transferred to Authority, and Finance Agency. Terminated by order of Secretary of Defense Homes Corporation administered by the the Home Loan Bank Board, effective Feb. 3, 1954, Commissioner of the Authority’. Functions transferred pursuant to act of June 30, 1953 (67 Stat. 121). to Public Housing Administration, Housing and Home Finance Agency, by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of Homesteads, Division of Subsistence Established 1947, effective July 27, 1947. by act of June 16, 1933 (48 Stat. 205). Secretary of the Interior authorized to administer section 208 of Housing Authority, U.S. Established in the act by EO 6209 of July 21, 1933. Federal Subsistence Department of the Interior by act of Sept. 1, Homesteads Corporation created by Secretary’s order 1937 (50 Stat. 888). Transferred to Federal Works of Dec. 2, 1933, and organization incorporated Agency by Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, effective July under laws of Delaware. Transferred to Resettlement 1, 1939. Transferred to Federal Public Housing Administration by EO 7041 of May 15, 1935. Authority, National Housing Agency, by EO 9070 of Feb. 24, 1942. Office of Administrator abolished Homesteads Corporation, Federal Subsistence See by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1947, effective July 27, Homesteads, Division of Subsistence 1947, and functions transferred to Public Housing Administration, Housing and Home Finance Agency. Hospitalization, Board of Federal Organized Nov. 1, 1921. Designated as advisory agency to Bureau of Housing Corporation, U.S. Incorporated July 10, the Budget May 7, 1943. Terminated June 30, 1948, 1918, under laws of New York. Transferred from by Director’s letter of May 28, 1948. the Department of Labor to the Department of the Treasury by EO 7641 of June 22, 1937. Transferred Housing, President’s Committee on Equal from the Department of the Treasury to the Public Opportunity in Established by EO 11063 of Nov. Buildings Administration, Federal Works Agency, 20, 1962. Inactive as of June 30, 1968. by EO 8186 of June 29, 1939. Functions transferred for liquidation to Federal Home Loan Bank Housing Administration, Federal Established by act Administration, National Housing Agency, by EO of June 27, 1934 (48 Stat. 1246). Grouped with other 9070 of Feb. 24, 1942. Terminated Sept. 8, 1952, by agencies to form Federal Loan Agency by Reorg. the Secretary of the Home Loan Bank Board. Plan No. I of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. Functions transferred to Federal Housing Administration, Housing Council, National Established in Housing National Housing Agency, by EO 9070 of Feb. 24, and Home Finance Agency by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1942. Transferred to Housing and Home Finance 1947, effective July 27, 1947. Terminated by Reorg. Agency by Reorg. Plan No. 3, effective July 27, 1947. Plan No. 4 of 1965, effective July 27, 1965, and Functions transferred to the Department of Housing functions transferred to President. and Urban Development by act of Sept. 9, 1965 (79 Stat. 667). Housing Division Established in Public Works Administration by act of June 16, 1933 (48 Stat. 195). Housing Administration, Public Established as Functions transferred to U.S. Housing Authority by constituent agency of Housing and Home Finance EO 7732 of Oct. 27, 1937. Agency by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1947, effective July 27, 1947. Functions transferred to the Department of Housing Enterprise Oversight, Office of Housing and Urban Development by act of Sept. 9, Federal Office and positions of Director and 1965 (79 Stat. 667). Deputy Director established within the Department of Housing and Urban Development by the act of Housing Agency, National Established by EO 9070 October 28, 1992 (106 Stat. 3944). Abolished by the of Feb. 24, 1942, to consolidate housing functions act of July 30, 2008 (122 Stat. 2794), and functions, relating to Federal Home Loan Bank Board, Federal personnel, and property transferred to Federal Home Loan Bank System, Federal Savings and Housing Finance Agency. Loan Insurance Corporation, Home Owners’ Loan Corporation, U.S. Housing Corporation, Federal Housing Expediter, Office of the Established in Housing Administration, U.S. Housing Authority, Office of War Mobilization and Reconversion by Defense Homes Corporation, Division of Defense Presidential letter of Dec. 12, 1945, to Housing Housing Coordination, Central Housing Committee, Expediter. Functions of Housing Expediter defined Farm Security Administration with respect to nonfarm by EO 9686 of Jan. 26, 1946. Housing Expediter housing, Public Buildings Administration, Division confirmed in position of National Housing History of Agency Organizational Changes 585

Administrator Feb. 6, 1946. Office of the Housing Functions transferred to National Imagery and Expediter established by act of May 22, 1946 (60 Mapping Agency by act of Sept. 23, 1996 (110 Stat. Stat. 208). Functions of Office and National Housing 2677). Administrator segregated by EO 9820 of Jan. 11, 1947. Housing functions of Civilian Production Immigration, Bureau of Established as branch of the Administration transferred to Office by EO 9836 Department of the Treasury by act of Mar. 3, 1891 (26 of Mar. 22, 1947, effective Apr. 1, 1947. Rent Stat. 1085). Transferred to Department of Commerce control functions of Office of Temporary Controls and Labor by act of Feb. 14, 1903 (34 Stat. 596). transferred to Office by EO 9841 of Apr. 23, 1947. Made Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization by Office terminated by EO 10276 of July 31, 1951, act of June 29, 1906 (37 Stat. 736). Made separate and functions transferred to Economic Stabilization division after the Department of Labor created by Agency. act of Mar. 4, 1913 (37 Stat. 736). Consolidated into Immigration and Naturalization Service, Department Housing Finance Board, Federal Established by of Labor, by EO 6166 of June 10, 1933. Transferred the act of August 9, 1989 (103 Stat. 354, 415), and to the Department of Justice by Reorg. Plan No. V certain functions transferred from Federal Home of 1940, effective June 14, 1940. Abolished by act Loan Bank Board. Abolished by the act of July 30, of Nov. 25, 2002 (116 Stat. 2205) and functions 2008 (122 Stat. 2797), and functions, personnel, transferred to Homeland Security Department. and property transferred to Federal Housing Finance Agency. Immigration, Commissioners of Offices of commissioners of immigration of the several ports Housing and Home Finance Agency Established by created by act of Aug. 18, 1894 (28 Stat. 391). Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1947, effective July 27, 1947. Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. III of 1940, effective Terminated by act of Sept. 9, 1965 (79 Stat. 667), and June 30, 1940, and functions transferred to Bureau functions transferred to the Department of Housing of Immigration and Naturalization, Department of and Urban Development. Labor.

Howard University Established by act of Mar. 2, Immigration and Naturalization, Bureau of See 1867 (14 Stat. 438). Functions of the Department of Immigration, Bureau of the Interior transferred to Federal Security Agency by Reorg. Plan No. IV of 1940, effective June 30, 1940. Immigration and Naturalization, District Functions of the Department of Health, Education, Commissioner of Created by act of Aug. 18, and Welfare transferred to the Department of 1894 (28 Stat. 391). Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. Education by act of Oct. 17, 1979 (93 Stat. 678). III of 1940, effective June 30, 1940. Functions administered by the Commissioner of Immigration Human Development, Office of Established in and Naturalization, Department of Justice, through Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. district immigration and naturalization directors. Renamed Office of Human Development Services and component units transferred to or reorganized Immigration and Naturalization Service See under new administrations in Office by Secretary’s Immigration, Bureau of reorganization order of July 26, 1977. Merged into the Administration for Children and Families Import Programs, Office of Established by the by Secretary of Health and Human Services Secretary of Commerce Feb. 14, 1971. Functions reorganization notice dated Apr. 15, 1991. transferred to Domestic and International Business Administration, effective Nov. 17, 1972. Human Development Services, Office of See Human Development, Office of Indian Claims Commission Established by act of Aug. 13, 1946 (60 Stat. 1049). Terminated by act Human Embryo Stem Cell Registry Approved by of Oct. 8, 1976 (90 Stat. 1990), and pending cases Presidential announcement of Aug. 9, 2001 and transferred to U.S. Court of Claims Sept. 30, 1978. established through National Institute of Health’s Departmental Notice NOT–OD–01–058 of Aug. Indian Commissioners, Board of Established by 27, 2001. Renamed Human Pluripotent Stem Cell section 2039, Revised Statutes. Abolished by EO Registry by EO 13435 of June 20, 2007. 6145 of May 25, 1933.

Hydrographic Office Jurisdiction transferred from Indian Education Programs, Office of Established Bureau of Navigation to Chief of Naval Operations within the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Department by EO 9126 of Apr. 8, 1942, and by Reorg. Plan No. of the Interior, by act of June 23, 1972 (86 Stat. 3 of 1946, effective July 16, 1946. Renamed U.S. 343). Renamed Bureau of Indian Education by Naval Oceanographic Office by act of July 10, 1962 Departmental Manual Release No. 3721 of Aug. 29, (76 Stat. 154). 2006.

Imagery and Mapping Agency, National Established Indian Medical Facilities Functions transferred from by act of Sept. 23, 1996 (110 Stat. 2677). Renamed the Department of the Interior to the Department of National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency by act of Health, Education, and Welfare, to be administered Nov. 24, 2003 (117 Stat. 1568). by the Surgeon General of Public Health Service, by act of Aug. 5, 1954 (68 Stat. 674). Imagery Office, Central Established as a Department of Defense agency on May 6, 1992. 586 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Indian Opportunity, National Council Information, Office of Coordinator of Transferred, on Established by EO 11399 of Mar. 6, 1968. exclusive of foreign information activities, to Terminated Nov. 26, 1974, by act of Nov. 26, 1969 Office of War Information by EO 9182 of June 13, (83 Stat. 220). 1942. Designated Office of Strategic Services and transferred to jurisdiction of Joint Chiefs of Staff by Indian Policy Review Commission, military order of June 13, 1942. Terminated by EO American Established by act of Jan. 2, 1975 (88 9621 of Sept. 20, 1945, and functions distributed to Stat. 1910). Terminated June 30, 1977, pursuant to the Departments of State and War. terms of act. Information Administration, Industrial Analysis, Committee of Established by International Transferred from the Department of EO 7323 of Mar. 21, 1936. Terminated Feb. 17, State to the U.S. Information Agency by Reorg. Plan 1937. No. 8 of 1953, effective Aug. 1, 1953.

Industrial Cooperation, Coordinator for Established Information Agency, U.S. Established by Reorg. by EO 7193 of Sept. 26, 1935. Continued by EO Plan No. 8 of 1953, effective Aug. 1, 1953. Abolished 7324 of Mar. 30, 1936. Terminated June 30, 1937. by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1977, effective Apr. 1, 1978; replaced by and functions transferred to Industrial Emergency Committee Established by EO International Communication Agency. Redesignated 6770 of June 30, 1934. Consolidated with National U.S. Information Agency by act of Aug. 24, 1982 (96 Emergency Council by EO 6889–A of Oct. 29, 1934. Stat. 291). Abolished by act of Oct. 21, 1998 (112 Stat. 2681–761), and functions transferred to the Industrial Pollution Control Council Staff, Department of State, effective Oct. 1, 1999. National Established by Department of Commerce Organization Order 35–3 of June 17, 1970. Staff Information and Public Affairs, Office of Merged abolished by departmental organization order of Sept. with Office of Intergovernmental Affairs to form 10, 1973. Council inactive. Office of Public and Intergovernmental Affairs by Order 1–85 of June 5, 1985 of the Secretary of Labor. Industrial Recovery Board, National Established by EO 6859 of Sept. 27, 1934. Terminated by EO 7075 Information Resources Management, Office of See of June 15, 1935. Telecommunications Service, Automated Data

Industrial Recovery Board, Special Established by Information Resources Management EO 6173 of June 16, 1933. Functions absorbed by Service Established in the General Services National Emergency Council under terms of EO 6513 Administration. Renamed Information Technology of Dec. 18, 1933. Service in 1995.

Industrial Relations, Office of Activated in the Information Security Committee, Department of the Navy Sept. 14, 1945. Superseded Interagency Established by EO 12065 of June 28, June 22, 1966, by creation of Office of Civilian 1978. Abolished by EO 12356 of Apr. 2, 1982. Manpower Management. Information Security Oversight Office Established Industry and Trade Administration See Business in General Services Administration by EO 12065 of and Defense Services Administration June 28, 1978. EO 12065 revoked by EO 12356 of Apr. 2, 1982, which provided for continuation of Information, Committee for Reciprocity Established Office. by EO 6750 of June 27, 1934; reestablished by EO 10004 of Oct. 5, 1948, which revoked EO 6750. Information Service, Government See Information Superseded by EO 10082 of Oct. 5, 1949; abolished Service, U.S. by EO 11075 of Jan. 15, 1963, which revoked EO 10082. Information Service, Interim International Established in the Department of State Information, Coordinator of Established by by EO 9608 of Aug. 31, 1945. Abolished Dec. 31, Presidential order of July 11, 1941. Functions 1945, pursuant to terms of order. exclusive of foreign information activities transferred by military order of June 13, 1942, to jurisdiction Information Service, U.S. Established in March of Joint Chiefs of Staff, War Department, as Office 1934 as division of National Emergency Council. of Strategic Services. Foreign information functions Transferred to Office of Government Reports by transferred to Office of War Information by EO 9182 Reorg. Plan No. II of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. of June 13, 1942. Consolidated, along with other functions of Office, into Division of Public Inquiries, Bureau of Special Information, Division of Established pursuant to Services, Office of War Information, by EO 9182 of Presidential letter of Feb. 28, 1941, to Liaison Officer, June 13, 1942. Bureau of Special Services renamed Office of Emergency Management. Abolished by Government Information Service and transferred to EO 9182 of June 13, 1942. Functions relating to Bureau of the Budget by EO 9608 of Aug. 31, 1945. public information on war effort transferred and Service transferred to Office of Government Reports consolidated with Office of War Information,and by EO 9809 of Dec. 12, 1946. publication services relating to specific agencies of OEM transferred to those agencies. History of Agency Organizational Changes 587

Information Systems Council Established by EO National Security Council by act of July 26, 1947 (61 13356 of Aug. 27, 2004. Abolished by EO 13388 of Stat. 497). Oct. 25, 2005 (70 FR 62025). Intelligence Group, Central Terminated on creation Information Technology Service Established in of Central Intelligence Agency by act of July 26, 1947 General Services Administration. Abolished by (61 Stat. 497). General Services Administrative Order No. 5440.492, Aug. 21, 1996, and functions transferred to Federal Intelligence Policy and Review, Office Telecommunications Service. of Transferred from the Criminal Division to the National Security Division by act of Mar. 9, 2006 Insane, Government Hospital for the Established (120 Stat. 249). by act of Mar. 3, 1855 (10 Stat. 682). Renamed Saint Elizabeth’s Hospital by act of July 1, 1916 (39 Inter-American Affairs, Institute of See American Stat. 309). Transferred from the Department of the Republics, Office for Coordination of Commercial Interior to Federal Security Agency by Reorg. Plan and Cultural Relations between the No. IV of 1940, effective June 30, 1940. Transferred to Department of Health, Education, and Welfare by Inter-American Affairs, Office of See American Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1953, effective Apr. 11, 1953. Republics, Office for Coordination of Commercial Functions redelegated to National Institute of Mental and Cultural Relations between the Health by Secretary’s reorganization order of Aug. 9, 1967. Property and administration transferred to Inter-American Affairs, Office of the Coordinator District of Columbia Government by act of Nov. 8, of See American Republics, Office for 1984 (98 Stat. 3369). Coordination of Commercial and Cultural Relations between the Installations, Director of Established in the Department of Defense by act of July 14, 1952 (66 Interagency. See other part of title Stat. 625). Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 6 of 1953, effective June 30, 1953, and functions transferred to Interdepartmental. See also other part of title the Secretary of Defense. Interdepartmental Advisory Council Established Insular Affairs, Bureau of Transferred from January 1941 to advise Coordinator of Health, Department of War to Division of Territories and Welfare, and Related Defense Activities. Terminated Island Possessions, the Department of the Interior, by on creation of Office of Defense Health and Welfare Reorg. Plan No. II of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. Service Sept. 3, 1941.

Insurance Administrator, Federal Established by act Interest and Dividends, Committee on Established of Aug. 1, 1968 (82 Stat. 567). Functions transferred by EO 11695 of Jan. 11, 1973. Abolished by EO to Federal Emergency Management Agency by Reorg. 11781 of May 1, 1974. Plan No. 3 of 1978, effective Apr. 1, 1979. Intergovernmental Affairs, Office of Merged with Integrity and Efficiency, President’s Council Office of Information and Public Affairs to form on Established by EO 12301 of Mar. 26, 1981 Office of Public and Intergovernmental Affairs by (46 FR 19211). Abolished and reestablished by EO Order 1–85 of June 5, 1985 of the Secretary of Labor. 12625 of Jan 27, 1988 (53 FR 2812). Abolished and Renamed Office of Intergovernmental and External reestablished by EO 12805 of May 11, 1992 (57 FR Affairs by Secretary of Health and Human Services 20627). notice of July 19, 2011 (76 FR 42710).

Intelligence, Office of Established within the Intergovernmental and Interagency Affairs, Office Department of Energy by Public Law 106–65 of of Abolished by decision of March 21, 2005 of the Oct. 5, 1999 (113 Stat. 955). Merged with Office of Secretary of Education under authority of section 413 Counterintelligence to form Office of Intelligence and of the Department of Education Organization Act. Counterintelligence by memorandum of March 9, 2006 of the Secretary of Energy. Intergovernmental Relations, Advisory Commission on Established by act of Sept. 24, 1959 (73 Stat. Intelligence Activities, President’s Board of 703). Terminated pursuant to act of Nov. 19, 1995 Consultants on Foreign Established by EO 10656 (109 Stat. 480). Continued in existence by act of Oct. of Feb. 6, 1956. EO 10656 revoked by EO 10938 19, 1996 (110 Stat. 4004). of May 4, 1961, and Board terminated. Functions transferred to President’s Foreign Intelligence Intergovernmental Relations, Commission Advisory Board. on Established by act of July 10, 1953 (67 Stat. 145). Final report submitted to Congress by June 30, Intelligence Advisory Board, President’s 1955, pursuant to act of Feb. 7, 1955 (69 Stat. 7). Foreign Established by EO 11460 of Mar. 20, 1969. Abolished by EO 11984 of May 4, 1977. Intergovernmental Relations, Office of Established Reestablished by EO 12331 of Oct. 20, 1981. by EO 11455 of Feb. 14, 1969. Functions transferred to Domestic Council by EO 11690 of Dec. 14, 1972. Intelligence Authority, National Established by Presidential directive of Jan. 22, 1946. Terminated on creation of Central Intelligence Agency under 588 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Interim Compliance Panel Established by Dec. Investments, Office of Foreign Direct Established 30, 1969 (83 Stat. 774). Terminated June 30, 1976, in the Department of Commerce Jan. 2, 1968, by pursuant to terms of act. Departmental Organization Order 25–3 to carry out provisions of EO 11387 of Jan. 1, 1968. Controls on Internal Revenue Service Functions relating to foreign investments terminated Jan. 29, 1974. alcohol, tobacco, firearms, and explosives transferred to Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms by Iraq Reconstruction, Office of the Inspector General Department of Treasury order of July 1, 1972. for Established by act of Nov. 6, 2003 (117 Stat. 1234). Abolished by act of Oct. 17, 2006 (120 Stat. Internal Security Division Established July 9, 1945, 2397). by transfer of functions from Criminal Division. Abolished Mar. 22, 1973, and functions transferred to Iraq Transition Assistance Office Established by EO Criminal Division, Department of Justice. 13431 of May 8, 2007 (72 FR 26709). Personnel and administration transferred to Iraq Strategic Partnership International See also other part of title Office by EO 13541 of May 7, 2010 (75 FR 26879).

International Activities, Office of Renamed Jamestown-Williamsburg-Yorktown National Office of Service and Protocol by Secretary of the Celebration Commission Established by act of Aug. Smithsonian Institution internal directive of Jan. 11, 13, 1953 (67 Stat. 576). Terminated upon submission 1985. of final report to Congress Mar. 1, 1958.

International Development, Agency for Transferred Job Corps, Office of Transferred from the from the Department of State to U.S. International Employment and Training Administration to the Development Cooperation Agency by Reorg. Plan Office of the Secretary, U.S. Department of Labor by No. 2 of 1979, effective Oct. 1, 1979. Continued as act of Dec. 30, 2005 (119 Stat. 2842). Transferred agency within IDCA by IDCA Delegation of Authority from the Office of the Secretary, U.S. Department of No. 1 of Oct. 1, 1979. By act of Oct. 21, 1998 (112 Labor to the Employment and Training Administration Stat. 2681–790), became independent agency. by act of Dec. 16, 2009 (123 Stat. 3238).

International Development Cooperation Agency, Joint. See also other part of title U.S. Established by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1979, effective Oct. 1, 1979. Abolished by act of Oct. Joint Resolutions of Congress See State, 21, 1998 (112 Stat. 2681–790) and functions Department of transferred to the Department of State, U.S. Agency for International Development, and Overseas Private Judicial Procedure, Commission on International Investment Corporation. Rules of Established by act of Sept. 2, 1958 (72 Stat. 1743). Terminated Dec. 31, 1966, by act of Aug. 30, Interstate Commerce Commission Created by act 1964 (78 Stat. 700). of Feb. 4, 1887 (24 Stat. 379). Certain functions as cited in act of Oct. 15, 1966 (80 Stat. 931) transferred Justice Assistance, Research, and Statistics, Office to the Secretary of Commerce. Functions relating to of Established in the Department of Justice by act railroad and pipeline safety transferred to Federal of Dec. 27, 1979 (93 Stat. 1201). Abolished by act of Railroad Administrator and motor carrier safety to Oct. 12, 1984 (98 Stat. 2091). Federal Highway Administrator by act. Abolished by act of Dec. 29, 1995 (109 Stat. 932) and many Kennedy, Commission To Report Upon the functions transferred to the newly created Surface Assassination of President John F. Established Transportation Board within the Department of by EO 11130 of Nov. 29, 1963. Report submitted Transportation. Sept. 24, 1964, and Commission discharged by Presidential letter of same date. Investigation, Bureau of Established by act of May 22, 1908 (35 Stat. 235). Functions consolidated with Labor, President’s Committee on investigative functions of Bureau of Prohibition, Migratory Appointed by Presidential letter of Aug. Division of Investigation, Department of Justice, by 26, 1954. Formally established by EO 10894 of Nov. EO 6166 of June 10, 1933, effective Mar. 2, 1934. 15, 1960. Terminated Jan. 6, 1964, by the Secretary of Labor in letter to members, with approval of Investigation, Division of Designated as Federal President. Bureau of Investigation in the Department of Justice by act of Mar. 22, 1935 (49 Stat. 77). Labor and Commerce, Department of Established by act of Feb. 14, 1903 (32 Stat. 825). Reorganized Investigation and Research, Board of Established by into separate Departments of Labor and Commerce act of Sept. 18, 1940 (54 Stat. 952). Extended to Sept. by act of Mar. 4, 1913 (37 Stat. 736). 18, 1944, by Proc. 2559 of June 26, 1942. Labor Department, Solicitor for Transferred from Investigations, Division of Established by the Department of Justice to the Department of Labor administrative order of Apr. 27, 1933. Abolished by EO 6166 of June 10, 1933. Jan. 17, 1942, by administrative order and functions transferred to Branch of Field Examination, General Labor-Management Advisory Land Office, Department of the Interior. Committee Established by EO 11695 of Jan. 11, 1973. Abolished by EO 11788 of June 18, 1974. History of Agency Organizational Changes 589

Labor-Management Policy, President’s Advisory Land Program, Director of Basis of program Committee on Established by EO 10918 of Feb. 16, found in act of June 16, 1933 (48 Stat. 200). 1961. Abolished by EO 11710 of Apr. 4, 1973. Special Board of Public Works established by EO 6174 of June 16, 1933. Land Program established Labor-Management Relations Services, Office by Board by resolution passed Dec. 28, 1933, of Established by Order 3–84 of May 3, 1984 of and amended July 18, 1934. Federal Emergency the Secretary of Labor. Renamed Bureau of Labor- Relief Administration designated to administer Management Relations and Cooperative Programs program Feb. 28, 1934. Land Program transferred by Secretarial Order 7–84 of Sept. 20, 1984 (49 FR to Resettlement Administration by EO 7028 of Apr. 38374). 30, 1935. Functions of Administration transferred to the Secretary of Agriculture by EO 7530 of Dec. Labor-Management Services Administration Office 31, 1936. Land conservation and land-utilization of Pension and Welfare Benefit Programs transferred programs administered by Administration transferred from Administration and constituted as separate unit to Bureau of Agricultural Economics by Secretary’s by Order 1–84 of Jan. 20, 1984 of the Secretary of Memorandum 733. Administration of land programs Labor (49 FR 4269). Remaining labor-management placed under Soil Conservation Service by Secretary’s relations functions reassigned by Secretarial Order Memorandum 785 of Oct. 6, 1938. 3–84 of May 3, 1984. Land Use Coordination, Office of Established Labor Organization, International Established by Secretary of Agriculture Memorandum 725 of in 1919 by Treaty of Versailles with U.S. joining in July 12, 1937. Abolished Jan. 1, 1944, by General 1934. U.S. membership terminated Nov. 1, 1977, Departmental Circular 21 and functions administered at President’s direction. The U.S. rejoined the by Land Use Coordinator. organization in February 1980. Land Use and Water Planning, Office of Established Labor Relations Council, Federal Established by EO in the Department of the Interior by Secretarial Order 11491 of Oct. 29, 1969. Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 2953 of May 7, 1973. Abolished by Secretarial No. 2 of 1978, effective Jan. 1, 1979, and functions Order No. 2988 of Mar. 11, 1976. transferred to Federal Labor Relations Authority. Law Enforcement Assistance Labor Standards, Apprenticeship Section, Division Administration Established by act of June 19, of Transferred to Federal Security Agency by EO 1968 (82 Stat. 197). Operations closed out by the 9139 of Apr. 18, 1942, functioning as Apprentice Department of Justice due to lack of appropriations Training Service. Transferred to War Manpower and remaining functions transferred to Office of Commission by EO 9247 of Sept. 17, 1942, Justice Assistance, Research, and Statistics. functioning in Bureau of Training. Returned to the Department of Labor by EO 9617 of Sept. 19, 1945. Law Enforcement Training Center, Federal See Law Enforcement Training Center, Consolidated Federal Labor Standards, Bureau of Established by Labor departmental order in 1934. Functions absorbed by Law Enforcement Training Center, Consolidated Occupational Safety and Health Administration in Federal Established by Treasury Order No. 217, May 1971. Mar. 2, 1970. Renamed Federal Law Enforcement Training Center by Amendment No. 1 to Treasury Land Bank Commissioner See Farm Loan Board, Order No. 217 on Aug. 14, 1975. Transferred to Federal Department of Homeland Security by act of Nov. 25, 2002 (116 Stat. 2178). Land Law Review Commission, Public Established by act of Sept. 19, 1964 (78 Stat. 982). Terminated Legislative Affairs, Office of Renamed Office of Dec. 31, 1970, pursuant to terms of act. Intergovernmental and Legislative Affairs Feb. 24, 1984, by Attorney General’s Order 1054–84 (49 FR Land Office, General Consolidated with Grazing 10177). Service into Bureau of Land Management, Department of the Interior, by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of Lend-Lease Administration, Office of Established 1946, effective July 16, 1946. by EO 8926 of Oct. 28, 1941, to replace Division of Defense Aid Reports. Consolidated with Foreign Land Office, Office of Recorder of the Economic Administration by EO 9380 of Sept. 25, General Created in the Department of the Interior 1943. by act of July 4, 1836 (5 Stat. 111). Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. III of 1940, effective June 30, 1940, Lewis and Clark Trail Commission Established and functions transferred to General Land Office. by act of Oct. 6, 1964 (78 Stat. 1005). Terminated October 1969 by terms of act. Land Policy Section Established in 1934 as part of Program Planning Division, Agricultural Adjustment Libraries and Information Science, National Administration. Personnel taken over by Resettlement Commission on Established by act of July 20, Administration in 1935. 1970 (84 Stat. 440). As per close out activities, the Commission was abolished by act of Dec. 26, 2007 Land Problems, Committee on National Established (121 Stat. 2204), and functions transferred to the by EO 6693 of Apr. 28, 1934. Abolished by EO 6777 Institute of Museum and Library Services pursuant to of June 30, 1934. 590 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL instructions set forth in House Report 110–231 and Loan Policy Board Established by act of July 18, Senate Report 110–107. 1958 (72 Stat. 385). Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 4 of 1965, effective July 27, 1965, and functions Library of Congress Police Established by act of transferred to Small Business Administration. Aug. 4, 1950 (64 Stat. 411). Personnel transferred to United States Capitol Police by acts of Dec. 26, 2007 Longshoremen’s Labor Board, National Established (121 Stat. 2228) and Jan. 7, 2008 (121 Stat. 2546). in the Department of Labor by EO 6748 of June 26, 1934. Terminated by Proc. 2120 of Mar. 11, 1935. Lighthouses, Bureau of Established in the Department of Commerce by act of Aug. 7, 1789 Low-Emission Vehicle Certification (1 Stat. 53). Consolidated with U.S. Coast Guard by Board Established by act of Dec. 31, 1970 (84 Stat. Reorg. Plan No. II of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. 1701). Terminated by act of Mar. 14, 1980 (94 Stat. 98). Lincoln Sesquicentennial Commission Established by joint resolution of Sept. 2, 1957 (71 Stat. 587). Lowell Historic Canal District Terminated Mar. 1, 1960, pursuant to terms of joint Commission Established by act of Jan. 4, 1975 (88 resolution. Stat. 2330). Expired January 1977 pursuant to terms of act. Liquidation, Director of Established in Office for Emergency Management by EO 9674 of Jan. 4, 1946. Loyalty Review Board Established Nov. 10, 1947, Terminated by EO 9744 of June 27, 1946. by U.S. Civil Service Commission, pursuant to EO 9835 of Mar. 21, 1947. Abolished by EO 10450 of Liquidation Advisory Committee Established by EO Apr. 27, 1953. 9674 of Jan. 4, 1946. Terminated by EO 9744 of June 27, 1946. Management, Budget and Evaluation, Office of Established within the Department of Energy Literacy, National Institute for Established by act pursuant to the Conference Report No. 107–258 of July 25, 1991 (105 Stat. 333). Abolished by act of on H.R. 2311, Energy and Water Development Dec. 16, 2009 (123 Stat. 3267). Appropriations Act, 2002. Abolished by memorandum of July 28, 2005 of the Secretary of Loan Agency, Federal Established by Reorg. Plan Energy, and various functions transferred within the No. I of 1939, effective July 1, 1939, by consolidating Department of Energy to the Office of Management, Reconstruction Finance Corporation—including Office of Chief Financial Officer, and Office of subordinate units of RFC Mortgage Company, Human Capital Management. Disaster Loan Corporation, Federal National Mortgage Association, Defense Plant Corporation, Management Improvement, Advisory Committee Defense Homes Corporation, Defense Supplies on Established by EO 10072 of July 29, 1949. Corporation, Rubber Reserve Company, Metals Abolished by EO 10917 of Feb. 10, 1961, and Reserve Company, and War Insurance Corporation functions transferred to Bureau of the Budget. (later known as War Damage Corporation)— with Federal Home Loan Bank Board, Home Management Improvement, President’s Advisory Owners’ Loan Corporation, Federal Savings and Council on Established by EO 11509 of Feb. 11, Loan Insurance Corporation, Federal Housing 1970. Inactive as of June 30, 1973. Administration, Electric Home and Farm Authority, and Export-Import Bank of Washington. Federal Manpower, President’s Committee on Established Home Loan Bank Board, Federal Savings and by EO 11152 of Apr. 15, 1964. Terminated by EO Loan Insurance Corporation, Home Owners’ Loan 11515 of Mar. 13, 1970. Corporation, Federal Housing Administration, and Defense Homes Corporation transferred to Manpower Administration Renamed Employment National Housing Agency by EO 9070 of Feb. 24, and Training Administration by Order 14–75 of Nov. 1942. Reconstruction Finance Corporation and its 12, 1975 of the Secretary of Labor. units (except Defense Homes Corporation), Electric Home and Farm Authority, and Export-Import Bank Manpower Management, Office of of Washington transferred to the Department of Civilian Renamed Office of Civilian Personnel by Commerce by EO 9071 of Feb. 24, 1942. RFC and Notice 5430 of Oct. 1, 1976 of the Secretary of the units returned to Federal Loan Agency by act of Feb. Navy. 24, 1945 (59 Stat. 5). Agency abolished by act of June 30, 1947 (61 Stat. 202), and all property and records Marine Affairs, Office of Established by the transferred to Reconstruction Finance Corporation. Secretary of the Interior Apr. 30, 1970, to replace Office of Marine Resources, created by Secretary Oct. Loan Fund, Development Established in 22, 1968. Abolished by Secretary Dec. 4, 1970. International Cooperation Administration by act of Aug. 14, 1957 (71 Stat. 355). Created as independent Marine Corps Memorial Commission, corporate agency by act of June 30, 1958 (72 Stat. U.S. Established by act of Aug. 24, 1947 (61 Stat. 261). Abolished by act of Sept. 4, 1961 (75 Stat. 445), 724). Terminated by act of Mar. 14, 1980 (94 Stat. and functions redelegated to Agency for International 98). Development. History of Agency Organizational Changes 591

Marine Debris Coordinating Committee Renamed Medical Information Systems Program Office, Tri- Interagency Marine Debris Coordinating Committee Service Renamed Defense Medical Systems Support by act of Dec. 22, 2006 (120 Stat. 3337). Center by memorandum of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Health Affairs) May 3, 1985. Marine Inspection and Navigation, Bureau of See Navigation and Steamboat Inspection, Bureau of Medical Services Administration Established by the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare Marine Resources and Engineering Development, reorganization of Aug. 15, 1967. Transferred National Council on Established in Executive from Social and Rehabilitation Service to Health Office of the President by act of June 17, 1966 (80 Care Financing Administration by Secretary’s Stat. 203). Terminated Apr. 30, 1971, due to lack of reorganization of Mar. 8, 1977 (42 FR 13262). funding. Medicine and Surgery, Department of Established Maritime Administration Established in the in the Veterans Administration by act of Sept. 2, 1958 Department of Commerce by Reorg. Plan No. 21 (72 Stat. 1243). Renamed Veterans Health Services of 1950, effective May 24, 1950. Transferred to the and Research Administration in the Department of Department of Transportation by act of Aug. 6, 1981 Veterans Affairs by act of Oct. 25, 1988 (102 Stat. (95 Stat. 151). 2640). Renamed Veterans Health Administration by act of May 7, 1991 (105 Stat. 187). Maritime Advisory Committee Established by EO 11156 of June 17, 1964. Terminated by EO 11427 of Memorial Commission, National Established by Sept. 4, 1968. Public Resolution 107 of Mar. 4, 1929 (45 Stat. 1699). Terminated by EO 6166 of June 10, 1933, Maritime Board, Federal See Maritime and functions transferred to Office of National Parks, Commission, U.S. Buildings, and Reservations, Department of the Interior. Maritime Commission, U.S. Established by act of June 29, 1936 (49 Stat. 1985), as successor agency Mental Health, National Institute of Established to U.S. Shipping Board and U.S. Shipping Board by act of July 3, 1946 (60 Stat. 425). Made entity Merchant Fleet Corporation. Training functions within the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health transferred to Commandant of Coast Guard by EO Administration by act of May 14, 1974 (88 Stat. 135). 9083 of Feb. 27, 1942. Functions further transferred Functions transferred to the Department of Health to War Shipping Administration by EO 9198 of July and Human Services by act of Oct. 17, 1979 (93 11, 1942. Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 21 of 1950, Stat. 695). (See also act of Oct. 27, 1986; 100 Stat. effective May 24, 1950, which established Federal 3207–106.) Abolished by act of July 10, 1992 (106 Maritime Board and Maritime Administration as Stat. 331). Reestablished by act of July 10, 1992 (106 successor agencies. Board abolished, regulatory Stat. 364). functions transferred to Federal Maritime Commission, and functions relating to subsidization Metals Reserve Company Established June 28, of merchant marine transferred to the Secretary of 1940, by act of Jan. 22, 1932 (47 Stat. 5). Transferred Commerce by Reorg. Plan No. 7 of 1961, effective from Federal Loan Agency to the Department of Aug. 12, 1961. Commerce by EO 9071 of Feb. 24, 1942. Returned to Federal Loan Agency by act of Feb. 24, 1945 (59 Stat. Maritime Labor Board Authorized by act of June 5). Dissolved by act of June 30, 1945 (59 Stat. 310), 23, 1938 (52 Stat. 968). Mediatory duties abolished and functions transferred to Reconstruction Finance by act of June 23, 1941 (55 Stat. 259); title expired Corporation. June 22, 1942. Metric Board, U.S. Established by act of Dec. 23, Marketing Administration, Surplus Established by 1975 (89 Stat. 1007). Terminated Oct. 1, 1982, due Reorg. Plan No. III of 1940, effective June 30, 1940, to lack of funding. consolidating functions vested in Federal Surplus Commodities Corporation and Division of Marketing Mexican-American Affairs, Interagency Committee and Marketing Agreements, Agricultural Adjustment on Established by Presidential memorandum of Administration. Consolidated with other agencies June 9, 1967. Renamed Cabinet Committee on into Agricultural Marketing Administration by EO Opportunities for Spanish-Speaking People by act of 9069 of Feb. 23, 1942. Dec. 30, 1969 (83 Stat. 838). Terminated Dec. 30, 1974, pursuant to terms of act. Marketing and Marketing Agreements, Division of Established in the Department of Agriculture Mexican Claims Commission, American Established by act of June 3, 1937 (50 Stat. 246). Consolidated by act of Dec. 18, 1942 (56 Stat. 1058). Terminated with Federal Surplus Commodities Corporation into Apr. 4, 1947, by act of Apr. 3, 1945 (59 Stat. 59). Surplus Marketing Administration by Reorg. Plan No. III of 1940, effective June 30, 1940. Mexican Claims Commission, Special Established by act of Apr. 10, 1935 (49 Stat. 149). Terminated by Mediation, U.S. Board of Established by act of May EO 7909 of June 15, 1938. 20, 1926 (44 Stat. 577). Abolished by act of June 21, 1934 (48 Stat. 1193), and superseded by National Mexico Commission for Border Development and Mediation Board, July 21, 1934. Friendship, U.S. Established through exchange of 592 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL notes of Nov. 30 and Dec. 3, 1966, between U.S. and Mine Health and Safety Academy, Mexico. Terminated Nov. 5, 1969. National Transferred from the Department of the Interior to the Department of Labor by act of July 25, Micronesian Claims Commission Established by 1979 (93 Stat. 111). act of July 1, 1971 (85 Stat. 92). Terminated Aug. 3, 1976, pursuant to terms of act. Minerals Exploration, Office of Established by act of Aug. 21, 1958 (72 Stat. 700). Functions transferred Migration, Intergovernmental Committee for to Geological Survey by Order 2886 of Feb. 26, 1965 European Renamed Intergovernmental Committee of the Secretary of the Interior. for Migration by Resolution 624, passed by Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration Minerals Management Service Established on Council, effective Nov. 11, 1980. Jan. 19, 1982 by Secretarial order. Renamed as the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation Migration, International Committee for Created and Enforcement on June 18, 2010 by Secretarial in 1951. Renamed International Organization for order 3302. Reorganized into the Bureau of Ocean Migration pursuant to article 29, paragraph 2, of the Energy Management and the Bureau of Safety and ICM constitution, effective Nov. 14, 1989. Environmental Enforcement by Secretarial order 3299 of May 19, 2010. Migratory Bird Conservation Commission Chairmanship transferred from the Minerals Mobilization, Office of Established by the Secretary of Agriculture to the Secretary of the Interior Secretary of the Interior pursuant to act of Sept. 8, by Reorg. Plan No. II of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. 1950 (64 Stat. 798) and EO 10574 of Nov. 5, 1954, and by order of Office of Defense Mobilization. Military Air Transport Service Renamed Military Succeeded by Office of Minerals and Solid Fuels Airlift Command in U.S. Air Force by HQ MATS/ Nov. 2, 1962. Office of Minerals Policy Development MAC Special Order G–164 of Jan. 1, 1966. combined with Office of Research and Development in the Department of the Interior May 21, 1976, Military Airlift Command Inactivated June 1, 1992. under authority of Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1950, to form Office of Minerals Policy and Research Analysis. Military Appeals, United States Court Abolished Sept. 30, 1981, by Secretarial Order 3070 of Established under Article I of the Constitution of and functions transferred to Bureau of Mines. the United States pursuant to act of May 5, 1950, as amended. Renamed United States Court of Appeals Minerals Policy and Research Analysis, Office for the Armed Forces by act of Oct. 5, 1994 (108 Stat. of See Minerals Mobilization, Office of 2831). Minerals and Solid Fuels, Office of Established Military Establishment, National Established as by the Secretary of the Interior Oct. 26, 1962. executive department of the Government by act of Abolished and functions assigned to Deputy Assistant July 26, 1947 (61 Stat. 495). Designated Department Secretary—Minerals and Energy Policy, Office of the of Defense by act of Aug. 10, 1949 (63 Stat. 579). Assistant Secretary—Mineral Resources, effective Oct. 22, 1971. Military Intelligence College, Joint Established by DoD Directive 3305.1 of January 14, 1998. Mines, Bureau of Established in the Department of Renamed National Defense Intelligence College by the Interior by act of May 16, 1910 (36 Stat. 369). DOD Instruction 3305.01 of Dec. 22, 2006. See also Transferred to the Department of Commerce by EO Defense Intelligence College. 4239 of June 4, 1925. Transferred to the Department of the Interior by EO 6611 of Feb. 22, 1934. Military Purchases, Interdepartmental Committee Renamed United States Bureau of Mines by act of for Coordination of Foreign and Domestic Informal May 18, 1992 (106 Stat. 172). Terminated pursuant to liaison committee created on Presidential notification act of Jan. 26, 1996 (110 Stat. 32). Certain functions of Dec. 6, 1939, to the Secretaries of the Treasury and transferred to Secretary of Energy by act of Apr. 26, War and the Acting Secretary of the Navy. Committee 1996 (110 Stat. 1321–167). dissolved in accordance with Presidential letter to the Secretary of the Treasury Apr. 14, 1941, following Mining Enforcement and Safety approval of act of Mar. 11, 1941 (55 Stat. 31). Administration Established by Order 2953 of May 7, 1973 of the Secretary of the Interior. Terminated by Military Renegotiation Policy and Review departmental directive Mar. 9, 1978, and functions Board Established by directive of the Secretary transferred to Mine Safety and Health Administration, of Defense July 19, 1948. Abolished by Secretary’s Department of Labor, established by act of Nov. 9, letter of Jan. 18, 1952, which transferred functions to 1977 (91 Stat. 1319). Renegotiation Board. Minority Business Enterprise, Office of Renamed Military Sea Transportation Service Renamed Minority Business Development Agency by Military Sealift Command in U.S. Navy by COMSC Commerce Secretarial Order DOO–254A of Nov. 1, notice of Aug. 1, 1970. 1979.

Militia Bureau Established in 1908 as Division Minority Health and Health Disparities, National of Militia Affairs, Office of the Secretary of War. Center on Established by act of act of Nov. 22, Superseded in 1933 by National Guard Bureau. 2000 (114 Stat. 2501). Renamed National Institute on History of Agency Organizational Changes 593

Minority Health and Health Disparities by act of Mar. Commerce by EO 9071 of Feb. 24, 1942. Returned 23, 2010 (124 Stat. 973). to Federal Loan Agency by act of Feb. 24, 1945 (59 Stat. 5). Transferred to Housing and Home Finance Mint, Bureau of the Renamed U.S. Mint by Treasury Agency by Reorg. Plan No. 22 of 1950, effective Secretarial order of Jan. 9, 1984 (49 FR 5020). July 10, 1950. Rechartered by act of Aug. 2, 1954 (68 Stat. 590) and made constituent agency of Missile Sites Labor Commission Established by EO Housing and Home Finance Agency. Transferred with 10946 of May 26, 1961. Abolished by EO 11374 of functions of Housing and Home Finance Agency to Oct. 11, 1967, and functions transferred to Federal the Department of Housing and Urban Development Mediation and Conciliation Service. by act of Sept. 9, 1965 (79 Stat. 667). Made Government-sponsored, private corporation by act of Missouri Basin Survey Commission Established Aug. 1, 1968 (82 Stat. 536). by EO 10318 of Jan. 3, 1952. Final report of Commission submitted to President Jan. 12, 1953, Motor Carrier Claims Commission Established by pursuant to EO 10329 of Feb. 25, 1952. act of July 2, 1948 (62 Stat. 1222). Terminated Dec. 31, 1952, by acts of July 11, 1951 (65 Stat. 116), and Missouri River Basin Commission Established by Mar. 14, 1952 (66 Stat. 25). EO 11658 of Mar. 22, 1972. Terminated by EO 12319 of Sept. 9, 1981. Mount Rushmore National Memorial Commission Established by act of Feb. 25, 1929 Mobilization, Office of Civil and Defense See (45 Stat. 1300). Expenditures ordered administered Mobilization, Office of Defense and Civilian by the Department of the Interior by EO 6166 of June 10, 1933. Transferred to National Park Service, Mobilization, Office of Defense and Department of the Interior, by Reorg. Plan No. II of Civilian Established by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1958, 1939, effective July 1, 1939. effective July 1, 1958. Redesignated as Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization by act of Aug. 26, 1958 Mounted Horse Unit Transferred from the United (72 Stat. 861), consolidating functions of Office of States Capitol Police to the United States Park Police Defense Mobilization and Federal Civil Defense by Public Law 109–55 of Aug. 2, 2005 (119 Stat. Administration. Civil defense functions transferred 572). to the Secretary of Defense by EO 10952 of July 20, 1961, and remaining organization redesignated Munitions Board Established in the Department Office of Emergency Planning by act of Sept. 22, of Defense by act of July 26, 1947 (61 Stat. 499). 1961 (75 Stat. 630). Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 6 of 1953, effective June 30, 1953, and functions vested in the Secretary Mobilization Policy, National Advisory Board of Defense. on Established by EO 10224 of Mar. 15, 1951. EO 10224 revoked by EO 10773 of July 1, 1958. Munitions Board, Joint Army and Navy Organized in 1922. Placed under direction of President by Monetary and Financial Problems, National Advisory military order of July 5, 1939. Reconstituted Aug. 18, Council on International Established by act of July 1945, by order approved by President. Terminated on 31, 1945 (59 Stat. 512). Abolished by Reorg. Plan establishment of Munitions Board by act of July 26, No. 4 of 1965, effective July 27, 1965, and functions 1947 (61 Stat. 505). transferred to President. Functions assumed by National Advisory Council on International Monetary Museum of American Art, National Renamed and Financial Policies, established by EO 11269 of Smithsonian American Art Museum by Act of Feb. 14, 1966. October 27, 2000 (114 Stat. 1463).

Monument Commission, National Established by Museum of History and Technology, act of Aug. 31, 1954 (68 Stat. 1029). Final report National Renamed National Museum of American submitted in 1957, and audit of business completed History in Smithsonian Institution by act of Oct. 13, September 1964. 1980 (94 Stat. 1884).

Monuments in War Areas, American Commission for Museum Services, Institute of Established by act of the Protection and Salvage of Artistic and Historic June 23, 1972 (86 Stat. 327). Transferred to Office of Established by President June 23, 1943; announced Educational Research and Improvement, Department by Secretary of State Aug. 20, 1943. Activities of Education, by act of Oct. 17, 1979 (93 Stat. assumed by the Department of State Aug. 16, 1946. 678), effective May 4, 1980. Transferred to National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities by act of Morris K. Udall Foundation Established by act of Dec. 23, 1981 (95 Stat. 1414). Functions transferred Mar. 19, 1992 (106 Stat 79). Renamed Morris K. to the Institute of Museum and Library Services by act Udall and Stewart L. Udall Foundation by act of Nov. of Sept. 30, 1996 (110 Stat. 3009– 307). 3, 2009 (123 Stat. 2977). Narcotics, Bureau of Established in the Department Mortgage Association, Federal National Chartered of the Treasury by act of June 14, 1930 (46 Stat. 585). Feb. 10, 1938, by act of June 27, 1934 (48 Stat. Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1968, effective 1246). Grouped with other agencies to form Federal Apr. 8, 1968, and functions transferred to Bureau Loan Agency by Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, effective of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs, Department of July 1, 1939. Transferred to the Department of Justice. 594 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Narcotics, President’s Council on and Bureau abolished by Reorg. Plan. No. 3 of 1946, Counter- Renamed President’s Drug Policy Council effective July 16, 1946. by EO 13023, Nov. 6, 1996 (61 FR 57767). Navy, Department of Defense housing functions Narcotics Control, Cabinet Committee on transferred to Federal Public Housing Authority, International Established by Presidential National Housing Agency, by EO 9070 of Feb. 24, memorandum of Aug. 17, 1971. Terminated by 1942. Presidential memorandum of Mar. 14, 1977. Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Dental National. See other part of title Division of Renamed Dental Corps of the Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery by act of Oct. 17, Naval Material, Office of Established by act of Mar. 2006 (120 Stat. 2234). 5, 1948 (62 Stat. 68). Abolished by the Department of Defense reorg. order of Mar. 9, 1966, and functions Navy Commissioners, Board of Established by act transferred to the Secretary of the Navy (31 FR 7188). of Feb. 7, 1815 (3 Stat. 202). Abolished by act of Aug. 31, 1842 (5 Stat. 579). Naval Material Command See Naval Material Support Establishment Neighborhoods, National Commission on Established by act of Apr. 30, 1977 (91 Stat. 56). Naval Material Support Establishment Established Terminated May 4, 1979, pursuant to terms of act. by Department of the Navy General Order 5 of July 1, 1963 (28 FR 7037). Replaced by Naval Material Neighborhoods, Voluntary Associations and Command pursuant to General Order 5 of Apr. 29, Consumer Protection, Office of Abolished 1966 (31 FR 7188). Functions realigned to form and certain functions transferred to Office of the Office of Naval Acquisition Support, and termination Assistant Secretary for Housing—Federal Housing of Command effective May 6, 1985. Commissioner and Office of the Assistant Secretary for Community Planning and Development. Primary Naval Observatory Jurisdiction transferred from enabling legislation, act of Oct. 31, 1978 (92 Stat. Bureau of Navigation to Chief of Naval Operations 2119), repealed by act of Aug. 13, 1981 (95 Stat. by EO 9126 of Apr. 8, 1942, and by Reorg. Plan No. 398). Abolishment of Office and transfer of functions 3 of 1946, effective July 16, 1946. carried out by Housing and Urban Development Secretarial order. Naval Oceanography Command Renamed Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command in 1995. New England River Basins Commission Established by EO 11371 of Sept. 6, 1967. Terminated by EO Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves, Office 12319 of Sept. 9, 1981. of Established by the Secretary of the Navy, as required by law (70A Stat. 457). Jurisdiction Nicaro Project Responsibility for management transferred to the Department of Energy by act of of Nicaro nickel producing facilities in Oriente Aug. 4, 1977 (91 Stat. 581). Province, Cuba, transferred from Office of Special Assistant to the Administrator (Nicaro Project) to Naval Reserve Established by act of Mar. 3, 1915 Defense Materials Service by General Services (38 Stat. 940). Redesignated Navy Reserve by Public Administrator, effective July 7, 1959. Facilities Law 109–163 of Jan. 6, 2006 (119 Stat. 3233). expropriated by Cuban Government and nationalized Oct. 26, 1960. Naval Weapons, Bureau of Established by act of Aug. 18, 1959 (73 Stat. 395), to replace Bureau Noble Training Center Transferred from Public of Ordnance and Aeronautics. Abolished by Health Service to the Center for Domestic Department of Defense reorg. order of Mar. 9, 1966, Preparedness, Department of Homeland Security by and functions transferred to the Secretary of the Navy act of Oct. 4, 2006 (120 Stat. 1433). (31 FR 7188), effective May 1, 1966. Northern Mariana Islands Commission on Federal Navigation, Bureau of Created by act of July 5, Laws Created by joint resolution of Mar. 24, 1976 1884 (23 Stat. 118), as special service under the (90 Stat. 263). Terminated upon submission of final Department of the Treasury. Transferred to the report in August 1985. Department of Commerce and Labor by act of Feb. 4, 1903 (32 Stat. 825). Consolidated with Bureau of Nursing Research, National Center for Renamed Navigation and Steamboat Inspection by act of June National Institute of Nursing Research by act of June 30, 1932 (47 Stat. 415). 10, 1993 (107 Stat. 178).

Navigation, Bureau of Renamed Bureau of Naval Nutrition Division Functions transferred from Personnel by act of May 13, 1942 (56 Stat. 276). Department of Health, Education, and Welfare to the Department of Agriculture by EO 9310 of Mar. Navigation and Steamboat Inspection, Bureau 3, 1943. of Renamed Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation by act of May 27, 1936 (49 Stat. Ocean Mining Administration Established by 1380). Functions transferred to Bureau of Customs, Interior Secretarial Order 2971 of Feb. 24, 1975. Department of the Treasury, and U.S. Coast Guard by Abolished by Department Manual Release 2273 of EO 9083 of Feb. 28, 1942. Transfer made permanent June 13, 1980. History of Agency Organizational Changes 595

Oceanography, Interagency Committee Organization, President’s Advisory Committee on on Established by Federal Council for Science and Government Established by EO 10432 of Jan. 24, Technology pursuant to EO 10807 of Mar. 13, 1959. 1953. Abolished by EO 10917 of Feb. 10, 1961, Absorbed by National Council on Marine Resources and functions transferred to Bureau of the Budget for and Engineering Development pursuant to Vice termination. Presidential letter of July 21, 1967. Organizations Staff, International Functions Office See also other part of title merged with Foreign Agricultural Service by memorandum of Dec. 7, 1973 of , effective Feb. 3, Office Space, President’s Advisory Commission on 1974. Presidential Established by act of Aug. 3, 1956 (70 Stat. 979). Terminated June 30, 1957, by act of Jan. Overseas Private Investment 25, 1957 (71 Stat. 4). Corporation Transferred as separate agency to U.S. International Development Cooperation Agency by Official Register Function of preparing Official Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1979, effective Oct. 1, 1979. Register vested in Director of the Census by act of Became an independent agency following the Mar. 3, 1925 (43 Stat. 1105). Function transferred abolition of IDCA by act of Oct. 21, 1998 (112 Stat. to U.S. Civil Service Commission by EO 6166 of 2681–790). June 10, 1933. Yearly compilation and publication required by act of Aug. 28, 1935 (49 Stat. 956). Act Oversight Board (for the Resolution Trust repealed by act of July 12, 1960 (74 Stat. 427), and Corporation) Established by act of Aug. 9, 1989 last Register published in 1959. (103 Stat. 363). Renamed Thrift Depositor Protection Oversight Board by act of Dec. 12, 1991 (105 Stat. Ohio River Basin Commission Established by EO 1767). Abolished by act of July 29, 1998 (112 Stat. 11578 of Jan. 13, 1971. Terminated by EO 12319 of 908). Authority and duties transferred to the Secretary Sept. 9, 1981. of the Treasury.

Oil and Gas, Office of Established by the Pacific Northwest River Basins Secretary of the Interior May 6, 1946, in response Commission Established by EO 11331 of Mar. 6, to Presidential letter of May 3, 1946. Transferred to 1967. Terminated by EO 12319 of Sept. 9, 1981. Federal Energy Administration by act of May 7, 1974 (88 Stat. 100). Packers and Stockyards Administration Established by Memorandum 1613, supp. 1, of May 8, 1967 Oil Import Administration Established in the of the Secretary of Agriculture. Certain functions Department of the Interior by Proc. 3279 of Mar. 10, consolidated into Agricultural Marketing Service by 1959. Merged into Office of Oil and Gas Oct. 22, Secretary’s Memorandum 1927 of Jan. 15, 1978. 1971. Remaining functions incorporated into the Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration Oil Import Appeals Board Established by the by Secretary’s Memorandum 1010–1 dated Oct. 20, Secretary of Commerce Mar. 13, 1959, and made 1994. part of Office of Hearings and Appeals Dec. 23, 1971. Panama Canal Operation of piers at Atlantic and Pacific terminals transferred to Panama Railroad On-Site Inspection Agency Established on Jan. 26, Company by EO 7021 of Apr. 19, 1935. Panama 1988. Functions transferred to the Defense Threat Canal reestablished as Canal Zone Government by Reduction Agency by DOD Directive 5105.62 of act of Sept. 26, 1950 (64 Stat. 1038). Sept. 30, 1998. Panama Canal Commission Established by act of Operations Advisory Group Established by EO Oct. 1, 1979, as amended (22 U.S.C. 3611). U.S. 11905 of Feb. 18, 1976. Abolished by Presidential responsibility terminated by stipulation of the Panama Directive No. 2 of Jan. 20, 1977. Canal Treaty of 1977, which transferred responsibility for the Panama Canal to the Republic of Panama, Operations Coordinating Board Established by EO effective Dec. 31, 1999. Commission terminated by 10483 of Sept. 2, 1953, which was superseded by EO act of Sept. 30, 2004 (118 Stat. 1140). 10700 of Feb. 25, 1957. EO 10700 revoked by EO 10920 of Feb. 18, 1961, and Board terminated. Panama Canal Company Established by act of June 29, 1948 (62 Stat. 1076). Abolished and superseded Ordnance, Bureau of See Ordnance and by Panama Canal Commission (93 Stat. 454). Hydrography, Bureau of Panama Railroad Company Incorporated Apr. 7, Ordnance and Hydrography, Bureau of Established 1849, by New York State Legislature. Operated under in the Department of the Navy by act of Aug. 31, private control until 1881, when original French 1842 (5 Stat. 579). Replaced under act of July 5, Canal Company acquired most of its stock. Company 1862 (12 Stat. 510), by Bureau of Ordnance and and its successor, New Panama Canal Company, Bureau of Navigation. Abolished by act of Aug. 18, operated railroad as common carrier and also as 1959 (73 Stat. 395), and functions transferred to adjunct in attempts to construct canal. In 1904 their Bureau of Naval Weapons. shares of stock in Panama Railroad Company passed to ownership of U.S. as part of assets of New Panama Canal Company purchased under act of June 28, 596 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

1902 (34 Stat. 481). Remaining shares purchased Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1971, effective July 1, 1971. from private owners in 1905. Panama Railroad Made independent agency in executive branch by act Company reincorporated by act of June 29, 1948 (62 of Dec. 29, 1981 (95 Stat. 1540). Stat. 1075) pursuant to requirements of act of Dec. 6, 1945 (59 Stat. 597). Reestablished as Panama Pennsylvania Avenue, Temporary Commission Canal Company by act of Sept. 26, 1950 (64 Stat. on Established by EO 11210 of Mar. 25, 1956. 1038). The Secretary of the Army was directed to Inactive as of Nov. 15, 1969, due to lack of funding. discontinue commercial operations of Company by Presidential letter of Mar. 29, 1961. Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation Established by act of Oct. 27, 1972 Paperwork, Commission on Federal Established (86 Stat. 1266). Terminated pursuant to act of Jan. by act of Dec. 27, 1974 (88 Stat. 1789). Terminated 26, 1996 (110 Stat. 32) and act of Apr. 26, 1996 (110 January 1978 pursuant to terms of act. Stat. 1321– 198). Functions transferred to General Services Administration, National Capital Planning Park Service, National Functions in District of Commission, and National Park Service (61 FR Columbia relating to space assignment, site selection 11308), effective Apr. 1, 1996. for public buildings, and determination of priority in construction transferred to Public Buildings Pension and Welfare Benefit Programs, Office Administration, Federal Works Agency, under Reorg. of See Labor-Management Services Administration Plan No. I of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. Pensions, Commissioner of Provided for by act Park Trust Fund Board, National Established by of Mar. 2, 1833 (4 Stat. 668). Continued by act of act of July 10, 1935 (49 Stat. 477). Terminated by Mar. 3, 1835 (4 Stat. 779), and other acts as Office act of Dec. 18, 1967 (81 Stat. 656), and functions of the Commissioner of Pensions. Transferred to the transferred to National Park Foundation. Department of the Interior as bureau by act of Mar. 3, 1849 (9 Stat. 395). Consolidated with other bureaus Parks, Buildings, and Reservations, Office of and agencies into Veterans Administration by EO National Established in the Department of the 5398 of July 21, 1930. Interior by EO 6166 of June 10, 1933. Renamed National Park Service by act of Mar. 2, 1934 (48 Stat. Pensions, Office of the Commissioner of See 362). Pensions, Commissioner of

Parole, Board of Established by act of June 25, Perry’s Victory Memorial Commission Created by 1948 (62 Stat. 854). Abolished by act of Mar. 15, act of Mar. 3, 1919 (40 Stat. 1322). Administration 1976 (90 Stat. 219), and functions transferred to U.S. of Memorial transferred to National Park Service Parole Commission. by act of June 2, 1936 (49 Stat. 1393). Commission terminated by terms of act and membership Patent Office Provisions of first patent act reconstituted as advisory board to the Secretary of administered by the Department of State, with Interior authority for granting patents vested in board comprising Secretaries of State and War and Attorney Perry’s Victory Memorial Commission Created by General. Board abolished, authority transferred to act of Mar. 3, 1919 (40 Stat. 1322). Administration Secretary of State, and registration system established of Memorial transferred to National Park Service by act of Feb. 21, 1793 (1 Stat. 318). Officemade by act of June 2, 1936 (49 Stat. 1393). Commission bureau in the Department of State in October terminated by terms of act and membership 1802, headed by Superintendent of Patents. Office reconstituted as advisory board to the Secretary of reorganized in 1836 by act of June 4, 1836 (5 Interior. Stat. 117) under Commissioner of Patents. Office transferred to the Department of the Interior in 1849. Personal Property, Office of See Supply Service, Office transferred to the Department of Commerce by Federal EO 4175 of Mar. 17, 1925. Personnel, National Roster of Scientific and Patents Board, Government Established by EO Specialized Established by National Resources 10096 of Jan. 23, 1950. Abolished by EO 10930 Planning Board pursuant to Presidential letter of of Mar. 24, 1961, and functions transferred to the June 18, 1940, to the Secretary of the Treasury. After Secretary of Commerce. Aug. 15, 1940, administered jointly by Board and U.S. Civil Service Commission. Transferred to War Pay Board Established by EO 11627 of Oct. 15, Manpower Commission by EO 9139 of Apr. 18, 1971. Abolished by EO 11695 of Jan. 11, 1973. 1942. Transferred to the Department of Labor by EO 9617 of Sept. 19, 1945. Transferred with Bureau of Payment Limitations, Commission on Application Employment Security to Federal Security Agency of Established by act of May 13, 2002 (116 Stat. by act of June 16, 1948 (62 Stat. 443). Transferred 216). Abolished by acts of May 22, 2008 (122 Stat. to the Department of Labor by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1025) and June 18, 2008 (122 Stat. 1753). 1949, effective Aug. 20, 1949, and became inactive. Roster functions transferred to National Science Peace Corps Established in the Department of State Foundation by act of May 10, 1950 (64 Stat. 154). by EO 10924 of Mar. 1, 1961, and continued by act Reactivated in 1950 as National Scientific Registerby of Sept. 22, 1961 (75 Stat. 612), and EO 11041 of Office of Education, Federal Security Agency, through Aug. 6, 1962. Functions transferred to ACTION by National Security Resources Board grant of funds, History of Agency Organizational Changes 597 and continued by National Science Foundation funds on recommendation of Planning and Coordination until December 1952, when Register integrated into Committee Oct. 10, 1933. Reorganized by Secretary Foundation’s National Register of Scientific and Dec. 19, 1933, and reorganization confirmed by Technical Personnel project in Division of Scientific order of Mar. 8, 1935. Terminated Mar. 31, 1936, Personnel and Education. when Petroleum Administrative Board abolished by EO 7076 of June 15, 1935. Personnel Administration, Council of Established by EO 7916 of June 24, 1938, effective Feb. 1, 1939. Petroleum Reserves Corporation Established June Made unit in U.S. Civil Service Commission by EO 30, 1943, by Reconstruction Finance Corporation. 8467 of July 1, 1940. Renamed Federal Personnel Transferred to Office of Economic Warfare by Council by EO 9830 of Feb. 24, 1947. Abolished by EO 9360 of July 15, 1943. Office consolidated act of July 31, 1953 (67 Stat. 300), and personnel and into Foreign Economic Administration by EO records transferred to Office of Executive Director, 9380 of Sept. 25, 1943. Functions transferred U.S. Civil Service Commission. to Reconstruction Finance Corporation by EO 9630 of Sept. 27, 1945. RFC’s charter amended Personnel Council, Federal See Personnel Nov. 9, 1945, to change name to War Assets Administration, Council of Corporation. Corporation designated by Surplus Property Administrator as disposal agency for all Personnel Interchange, President’s Commission types of property for which Reconstruction Finance on Established by EO 11451 of Jan. 19, 1969. Corporation formerly disposal agency. Domestic Continued by EO 12136 of May 15, 1979, and surplus property functions of Corporation transferred renamed President’s Commission on Executive to War Assets Administration by EO 9689 of Jan. 31, Exchange. Continued by EO 12493 of Dec. 5, 1984. 1946. Reconstruction Finance Corporation Board Abolished by EO 12760 of May 2, 1991. of Directors ordered by President to dissolve War Assets Corporation as soon after Mar. 25, 1946, as Personnel Management, Liaison Office practicable. for Established by EO 8248 of Sept. 8, 1939. Abolished by EO 10452 of May 1, 1953, and Philippine Alien Property functions transferred to U.S. Civil Service Administration Established in Office for Emergency Commission. Management by EO 9789 of Oct. 14, 1946. Abolished by EO 10254 of June 15, 1951, and Petroleum Administration for Defense Established functions transferred to the Department of Justice. under act of Sept. 8, 1950 (64 Stat. 798) by Order 2591 of Oct. 3, 1950 of the Secretary of the Interior, Philippine War Damage Commission Established by pursuant to EO 10161 of Sept. 9, 1950. Continued by act of Apr. 30, 1946 (60 Stat. 128). Terminated Mar. Secretary’s Order 2614 of Jan. 25, 1951, pursuant to 31, 1951, by act of Sept. 6, 1950 (64 Stat. 712). EO 10200 of Jan. 3, 1951, and PAD Delegation 1 of Jan. 24, 1951. Abolished by Secretary’s Order 2755 Photographic Interpretation Center, of Apr. 23, 1954. National Functions transferred to the National Imagery and Mapping Agency by act of Sept. 23, Petroleum Administration for War See Petroleum 1996 (110 Stat. 2677). Coordinator for War, Office of Physical Fitness, Committee on Established in Petroleum Administrative Board Established Sept. Office of Federal Security Administrator by EO 9338 11, 1933, by the Secretary of the Interior. Terminated of Apr. 29, 1943. Terminated June 30, 1945. Mar. 31, 1936, by EO 7076 of June 15, 1935. The Secretary of the Interior was authorized to execute Physical Fitness, President’s Council on See Youth functions vested in President by act of Feb. 22, 1935 Fitness, President’s Council on (49 Stat. 30) by EO 7756 of Dec. 1, 1937. Secretary also authorized to establish Petroleum Conservation Physician Payment Review Commission Established Division to assist in administering act. Records of by act of Apr. 7, 1986 (100 Stat. 190). Terminated by Petroleum Administrative Board and Petroleum Labor act of Aug. 5, 1997 (111 Stat. 354). Assets, staff, and Policy Board housed with Petroleum Conservation continuing responsibility for reports transferred to the Division, Office of Oil and Gas, acting as custodian Medicare Payment Advisory Commission. for the Secretary of the Interior. Planning Board, National Established by Petroleum Coordinator for War, Office of Secretary Administrator of Public Works July 30, 1933. of the Interior designated Petroleum Coordinator for Terminated by EO 6777 of June 30, 1934. National Defense pursuant to Presidential letter of May 28, 1941, and approved Petroleum Coordinator Plant Industry, Bureau of Established by act of for War pursuant to Presidential letter of Apr. 20, Mar. 2, 1902 (31 Stat. 922). Soil fertility and soil 1942. Office abolished by EO 9276 of Dec. 2, 1942, microbiology work of Bureau of Chemistry and and functions transferred to Petroleum Administration Soils transferred to Bureau by act of May 17, 1935. for War, established by same EO. Administration Soil chemistry and physics and soil survey work terminated by EO 9718 of May 3, 1946. of Bureau of Chemistry and Soils transferred to Bureau by Secretary’s Memorandum 784 of Oct. Petroleum Labor Policy Board Established by 6, 1938. In February 1943 engineering research of the Secretary of the Interior, as Administrator of Bureau of Agricultural Chemistry and Engineering Code of Fair Competition for Petroleum Industry, transferred to Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and 598 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Agricultural Engineering by Research Administration Price Administration, Office of Established by EO Memorandum 5 issued pursuant to EO 9069 of 8734 of Apr. 11, 1941, combining Price Division and Feb. 23, 1942, and in conformity with Secretary’s Consumer Division of National Defense Advisory Memorandums 960 and 986. Functions transferred Commission. Renamed Office of Price Administration to Agricultural Research Service by Secretary’s by EO 8875 of Aug. 28, 1941, which transferred Memorandum 1320, supp. 4, of Nov. 2, 1953. Civilian Allocation Division to Office of Production Management. Consolidated with other agencies Plant Industry, Soils, and Agricultural Engineering, into Office of Temporary Controls by EO 9809 of Bureau of See Plant Industry, Bureau of Dec. 12, 1946, except Financial Reporting Division, transferred to Federal Trade Commission. Plant Quarantine, Bureau of See Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Bureau of Price Commission Established by EO 11627 of Oct. 15, 1971. Abolished by EO 11695 of Jan. 11, 1973. Policy Development, Office of See Domestic Council Price Decontrol Board Established by act of July 25, 1946 (60 Stat. 669). Effective period of act of Jan. Post Office, Department of See Postal Service 30, 1942 (56 Stat. 23), extended to June 30, 1947, by joint resolution of June 25, 1946 (60 Stat. 664). Postal Rate Commission Renamed Postal Regulatory Commission by act of Dec. 20, 2006 (120 Price Stability for Economic Growth, Cabinet Stat. 3241). Committee on Established by Presidential letter of Jan. 28, 1959. Abolished by Presidential direction Postal Savings System Established by act of June 25, Mar. 12, 1961. 1910 (36 Stat. 814). System closed by act of Mar. 28, 1966 (80 Stat. 92). Price Stabilization, Office of Established by General Order 2 of Economic Stabilization Postal Service Created July 26, 1775, by Administrator Jan. 24, 1951. Director of Price Continental Congress. Temporarily established by Stabilization provided for in EO 10161 of Sept. 9, Congress by act of Sept. 22, 1789 (1 Stat. 70), and 1950. Terminated Apr. 30, 1953, by EO 10434 of continued by subsequent acts. Department of Post Feb. 6, 1953, and provisions of acts of June 30, 1952 Office made executive department under act of June (66 Stat. 296) and June 30, 1953 (67 Stat. 131). 8, 1872 (17 Stat. 283). Offices of First, Second, Third, and Fourth Assistant Postmasters General abolished Prices and Costs, Committee on Government and Deputy Postmaster General and four Assistant Activities Affecting Established by EO 10802 of Jan. Postmasters General established by Reorg. Plan No. 3 23, 1959. Abolished by EO 10928 of Mar. 23, 1961. of 1949, effective Aug. 20, 1949. Reorganized as U.S. Postal Service in executive branch by act of Aug. 12, Priorities Board Established by order of Council of 1970 (84 Stat. 719), effective July 1, 1971. National Defense, approved Oct. 18, 1940, and by EO 8572 of Oct. 21, 1940. EO 8572 revoked by EO Power Commission, Federal Established by act of 8629 of Jan. 7, 1941. June 10, 1920 (41 Stat. 1063). Terminated by act of Aug. 4, 1977 (91 Stat. 578), and functions transferred Prison Industries, Inc., Federal Established by EO to the Department of Energy. 6917 of Dec. 11, 1934. Transferred to the Department of Justice by Reorg. Plan No. II of 1939, effective July Preparedness, Office of Renamed Federal 1, 1939. Preparedness Agency by General Services Administrator’s order of June 26, 1975. Prison Industries Reorganization Administration Functioned from Sept. 26, 1935, to Preparedness Agency, Federal Functions transferred Sept. 30, 1940, under authority of act of Apr. 8, 1935 from General Services Administration to Federal (49 Stat. 115), and of EO’s 7194 of Sept. 26, 1935, Emergency Management Agency by EO 12148 of July 7202 of Sept. 28, 1935, and 7649 of June 29, 1937. 20, 1979. Terminated due to lack of funding.

President’s. See other part of title Private Sector Programs, Office of Functions transferred to the Office of Citizen Exchanges within Presidential. See other part of title the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs, USIA, by act of Feb. 16, 1990 (104 Stat. 56). Press Intelligence, Division of Established in August 1933. Made division of National Emergency Council Processing tax Agricultural Adjustment July 10, 1935. Continued in Office of Government Administration’s function of collecting taxes declared Reports by Reorg. Plan No. II of 1939, effective July unconstitutional by U.S. Supreme Court Jan. 6, 1936. 1, 1939. Transferred to Office of War Information by Functions under acts of June 28, 1934 (48 Stat. EO 9182 of June 13, 1942, functioning in Bureau 1275), Apr. 21, 1934 (48 Stat. 598), and Aug. 24, of Special Services. Office abolished by EO 9608 1935 (49 Stat. 750) discontinued by repeal of these of Aug. 31, 1945, and Bureau transferred to Bureau laws by act of Feb. 10, 1936 (49 Stat. 1106). of the Budget. Upon reestablishment of Office of Government Reports, by EO 9809 of Dec. 12, 1946, Processing Tax Board of Review Established in the Division of Press Intelligence made unit of Office. Department of the Treasury by act of June 22, (49 History of Agency Organizational Changes 599

Stat. 1652). Abolished by act of Oct. 21, 1942 (56 Programs, Bureau of International Established Stat. 967). by the Secretary of Commerce Aug. 8, 1961, by Departmental Orders 173 and 174. Abolished by Proclamations See State, Department of Departmental Order 182 of Feb. 1, 1963, which established Bureau of International Commerce. Procurement, Commission on Functions transferred to Domestic and International Government Established by act of Nov. 26, 1969 Business Administration, effective Nov. 17, 1972. (83 Stat. 269). Terminated Apr. 30, 1973, due to expiration of statutory authority. Programs, Office of Public Established in the National Archives and Records Administration. Procurement and Assignment Service Established Reorganized by Archivist under Notice 96–260, by President Oct. 30, 1941. Transferred from Sept. 23, 1996, effective Jan. 6, 1997. Functions Office of Defense Health and Welfare Services to restructured and transferred to Office of Records War Manpower Commission by EO 9139 of Apr. Services—Washington, DC. 18, 1942. Transferred to Federal Security Agency by EO 9617 of Sept. 19, 1945, which terminated Prohibition, Bureau of Established by act of May Commission. 27, 1930 (46 Stat. 427). Investigative functions consolidated with functions of Bureau of Investigation Procurement Division Established in the into Division of Investigation, Department of Justice. Department of the Treasury by EO 6166 of June by EO 6166 of June 10, 1933, which set as effective 10, 1933. Renamed Bureau of Federal Supply by date Mar. 2, 1934, or such later date as fixed by Department of the Treasury Order 73 of Nov. 19, President. All other functions performed by Bureau 1946, effective Jan. 1, 1947. Transferred to General of Prohibition ordered transferred to such division Services Administration as Federal Supply Service by in the Department of Justice as deemed desirable by act of June 30, 1949 (63 Stat. 380). Attorney General.

Procurement Policy, Office of Federal Established Property, Office of Surplus Established in within Office of Management and Budget by act of Procurement Division, Department of the Treasury, by Aug. 30, 1974 (88 Stat. 97). Abolished due to lack EO 9425 of Feb. 19, 1944, and act of Oct. 3, 1944 of funding and functions transferred to Office of (58 Stat. 765), under general direction of Surplus Management and Budget by act of Oct 28, 1993 (107 Property Board established by same legislation. Stat. 1236). Transferred to the Department of Commerce by EO 9541 of Apr. 19, 1945. Terminated by EO 9643 Product Standards Policy, Office of Formerly of Oct. 19, 1945, and activities and personnel separate operating unit under Assistant Secretary transferred to Reconstruction Finance Corporation. for Productivity, Technology, and Innovation, Department of Commerce. Transferred to National Property Administration, Surplus See War Property Bureau of Administration, Surplus

Production Areas, Committee for Property Board, Surplus See War Property Congested Established in Executive Office of the Administration, Surplus President by EO 9327 of Apr. 7, 1943. Terminated Dec. 31, 1944, by act of June 28, 1944 (58 Stat. 535). Property Council, Federal Established by EO 11724 of June 25, 1973, and reconstituted by EO 11954 of Production Authority, National Established in the Jan. 7, 1977. Terminated by EO 12030 of Dec. 15, Department of Commerce Sept. 11, 1950, by EO’s 1977. 10161 of Sept. 9, 1950, 10193 of Dec. 16, 1950, and 10200 of Jan. 3, 1951. Abolished by order of Property Management and Disposal Service See Oct. 1, 1953 of the Secretary of Commerce, and Emergency Procurement Service functions merged into Business and Defense Services Administration. Property Office, Surplus Established in Division of Territories and Island Possessions, Department of Production Management, Office of Established the Interior, under Regulation 1 of Surplus Property in Office for Emergency Management by EO 8629 Board, Apr. 2, 1945. Transferred to War Assets of Jan. 7, 1941. Abolished by EO 9040 of Jan. 24, Administration by EO 9828 of Feb. 21, 1947. 1942, and personnel and property transferred to War Production Board. Property Review Board Established by EO 12348 of Feb. 25, 1982. EO 12348 revoked by EO 12512 of Production and Marketing Apr. 29, 1985. Administration Established by Secretary of Agriculture Memorandum 1118 of Aug. 18, Protective Service, Federal Functions established 1945. Functions transferred under Department in the Federal Works Agency by act of June 1, 1948 reorganization by Secretary’s Memorandum 1320, (62 Stat. 281). Functions transferred to General supp. 4, of Nov. 2, 1953. Services Administrator by act of June 30, 1949 (63 Stat. 380). Established as an agency within General Productivity Council, National Established by EO Services Administration by GSA Administrator on Jan. 12089 of Oct. 23, 1978. EO 12089 revoked by EO 11, 1971 (ADM. 5440.46). Transferred to Homeland 12379 of Aug. 17, 1982. Security Department by act of Nov. 25, 2002 (116 Stat. 2178). 600 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Prospective Payment Assessment Radio Division Established by National Emergency Commission Established by act of Apr. 20, 1983 (97 Council July 1, 1938. Transferred to Office of Stat. 159). Terminated by act of Aug. 5, 1997 (111 Education, Federal Security Agency, by Reorg. Plan Stat. 354). Assets, staff, and continuing responsibility No. II of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. Terminated for reports transferred to the Medicare Payment June 30, 1940, by terms of act of June 30, 1939 (53 Advisory Commission. Stat. 927).

Provisions and Clothing, Bureau of Established Radio Propagation Laboratory, Central Transferred by acts of Aug. 31, 1842 (5 Stat. 579), and July 5, from National Bureau of Standards to Environmental 1862 (12 Stat. 510). Designated Bureau of Supplies Science Services Administration by the Department of and Accounts by act of July 19, 1892 (27 Stat. 243). Commerce Order 2–A, effective July 13, 1965. Abolished by Department of Defense reorg. order of Mar. 9, 1966, and functions transferred to the Radiological Health, National Center for Devices Secretary of the Navy (31 FR 7188). and Renamed Center for Devices and Radiological Health by Food and Drug Administration notice of Public See other part of title Mar. 9, 1984 (49 FR 10166).

Publications Commission, National Rail Public Counsel, Office of Established by act of Historical Established by act of Oct. 22, 1968 Feb. 5, 1976 (90 Stat. 51). Terminated Dec. 1, 1979, (82 Stat. 1293). Renamed National Historical due to lack of funding. Publications and Records Commission by act of Dec. 22, 1974 (88 Stat. 1734). Railroad Administration, U.S. See Railroads, Director General of Puerto Rican Hurricane Relief Commission Established by act of Dec. 21, 1928 Railroad and Airline Wage Board Established by (45 Stat. 1067). No loans made after June 30, Economic Stabilization Administrator’s General 1934, and Commission abolished June 3, 1935, Order 7 of Sept. 27, 1951, pursuant to act of Sept. 8, by Public Resolution 22 (49 Stat. 320). Functions 1950 (64 Stat. 816). Terminated Apr. 30, 1953, by EO transferred to Division of Territories and Island 10434 of Feb. 6, 1953, and acts of June 30, 1952 (66 Possessions, Department of the Interior. After June Stat. 296), and June 30, 1953 (67 Stat. 131). 30, 1946, collection work performed in Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration. Following termination Railroads, Director General of Established under of Administration, remaining collection functions authority of act of Aug. 29, 1916 (39 Stat. 645). transferred to the Secretary of Agriculture by act of Organization of U.S. Railroad Administration July 11, 1956 (70 Stat. 525). announced Feb. 9, 1918. Office abolished by Reorg. Plan No. II of 1939, effective July 1, 1939, and Puerto Rico, U.S.-Puerto Rico Commission on the functions transferred to the Secretary of the Treasury. Status of Established by act of Feb. 20, 1964 (78 Stat. 17). Terminated by terms of act. Railway Association, U.S. Established by act of Jan. 2, 1974 (87 Stat. 985). Terminated Apr. 1, 1987, by Puerto Rico Reconstruction act of Oct. 21, 1986 (100 Stat. 1906). Administration Established in the Department of the Interior by EO 7057 of May 28, 1935. Terminated Railway Labor Panel, National Established by EO Feb. 15, 1955, by act of Aug. 15, 1953 (67 Stat. 584). 9172 of May 22, 1942. EO 9172 revoked by EO 9883 of Aug. 11, 1947. Radiation Biology Laboratory See Radiation and Organisms, Division of Reagan Centennial Commission, Ronald Established by act of June 2, 2009 (123 Stat. 1767). Terminated Radiation Council, Federal Established by EO May 31, 2011, by act of May 12, 2011 (125 Stat. 10831 of Aug. 14, 1959, and act of Sept. 23, 1959 215). (73 Stat. 688). Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1970, effective Dec. 2, 1970, and functions Real Estate Board, Federal Established by EO 8034 transferred to Environmental Protection Agency. of Jan. 14, 1939. Abolished by EO 10287 of Sept. 6, 1951. Radiation and Organisms, Division of Established by Secretarial order of May 1, 1929, as part of Reclamation, Bureau of See Reclamation Service Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. Renamed Radiation Biology Laboratory by Secretarial order of Reclamation Service Established July 1902 in Feb. 16, 1965. Merged with Chesapeake Center for Geological Survey by the Secretary of the Interior, Environmental Studies by Secretarial order of July 1, pursuant to act of June 17, 1902 (32 Stat. 388). 1983, to form Smithsonian Environmental Research Separated from Survey in 1907 and renamed Center. Bureau of Reclamation June 1923. Power marketing functions transferred to the Department of Energy by Radio Commission, Federal Established by act act of Aug. 4, 1977 (91 Stat. 578). Bureau renamed of Feb. 23, 1927 (44 Stat. 1162). Abolished by act Water and Power Resources Service by Secretarial of June 19, 1934 (48 Stat. 1102), and functions Order 3042 of Nov. 6, 1979. Renamed Bureau of transferred to Federal Communications Commission. Reclamation by Secretarial Order 3064 of May 18, 1981. History of Agency Organizational Changes 601

Reconciliation Service Established by Director of 7075 of June 15, 1935. Administration terminated Selective Service pursuant to EO 11804 of Sept. 16, by EO 7252 of Dec. 21, 1935, which transferred 1974. Program terminated Apr. 2, 1980. Division of Review, Division of Business Corporation, and Advisory Council to the Department of Reconstruction Finance Corporation Established Commerce for termination of functions by Apr. Feb. 2, 1932, by act of Jan. 22, 1932 (47 Stat. 5). 1, 1936. Consumers’ Division transferred to the Grouped with other agencies to form Federal Loan Department of Labor by same order. Agency by Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. Transferred to the Department of Commerce by Recovery Review Board, National Established by EO 9071 of Feb. 24, 1942. Returned to Federal Loan EO 6632 of Mar. 7, 1934. Abolished by EO 6771 of Agency by act of Feb. 24, 1945 (59 Stat. 5). Agency June 30, 1934. abolished by act of June 30, 1947 (61 Stat. 202), and functions assumed by Corporation. Functions Recreation, Bureau of Outdoor Established in the relating to financing houses or site improvements, Department of the Interior by act of May 28, 1963 authorized by act of Aug. 10, 1948 (61 Stat. 1275), (77 Stat. 49). Terminated by Secretary’s order of transferred to Housing and Home Finance Agency Jan. 25, 1978, and functions assumed by Heritage by Reorg. Plan No. 23 of 1950, effective July 10, Conservation and Recreation Service. 1950. Corporation Board of Directors, established by act of Jan. 22, 1932 (47 Stat. 5), abolished by Recreation and Natural Beauty, Citizens’ Advisory Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1951, effective May 1, 1951, Committee on Established by EO 11278 of May 4, and functions transferred to Administrator and Loan 1966. Terminated by EO 11472 of May 29, 1969. Policy Board established by same plan, effective Apr. 30, 1951. Act of July 30, 1953 (67 Stat. 230), Recreation and Natural Beauty, President’s Council provided for RFC succession until June 30, 1954, and on Established by EO 11278 of May 4, 1966. for termination of its lending powers Sept. 28, 1953. Terminated by EO 11472 of May 29, 1969. Certain functions assigned to appropriate agencies for liquidation by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1954, effective Recreation Resources Review Commission, July 1, 1954. Corporation abolished by Reorg. Plan Outdoor Established by act of June 28, 1958 (72 No. 1 of 1957, effective June 30, 1957, and functions Stat. 238). Final report submitted to President January transferred to Housing and Home Finance Agency, 1962 and terminated Sept. 1, 1962. General Services Administration, Small Business Administration, and the Department of the Treasury. Regional Action Planning Commissions Authorized by act of Aug. 26, 1965 (79 Stat. 552). Federal role Records Administration, Office of Established in abolished through repeal by act of Aug. 13, 1981 (95 the National Archives and Records Administration. Stat. 766). At time of repeal, eight commissions— Reorganized by Archivist under Notice 96–260, Coastal Plains, Four Corners, New England, Old Sept. 23, 1996, effective Jan. 6, 1997. Functions West Ozarks, Pacific Northwest, Southwest Border, restructured and transferred to Office of Records Southwest Border Region, and Upper Great Lakes— Services—Washington, DC. affected.

Records Centers, Office of Federal Established in Regional Archives, Office of Special the National Archives and Records Administration. and Established in the National Archives and Reorganized by Archivist under Notice 96–260, Records Administration. Reorganized by Archivist Sept. 23, 1996, effective Jan. 6, 1997. Functions under Notice 96–260, Sept. 23, 1996, effective restructured and transferred to Office of Regional Jan. 6, 1997. Functions restructured and transferred Records Services. between Office of Records Services—Washington, DC and Office of Regional Records Services. Records and Information Management, Office of Functions transferred from National Archives Regional Councils, Federal Established by EO and Records Service to Automated Data and 12314 of July 22, 1981. Abolished by EO 12407 of Telecommunications Service by General Services Feb. 22, 1983. Administrator’s decision, effective Jan. 10, 1982, regionally and Apr. 1, 1982, in Washington, DC. Regional Operations, Executive Director of Established in Food and Drug Administration by Recovery Administration, Advisory Council, order of May 20, 1971 of the Secretary of Health, National Established by EO 7075 of June 15, 1935. Education, and Welfare. Merged into Office of Transferred to the Department of Commerce by Regulatory Affairs by order of Nov. 5, 1984 of the EO 7252 of Dec. 21, 1935, and functions ordered Secretary of Health and Human Services. terminated not later than Apr. 1, 1936, by same order. Committee of Industrial Analysis created by EO 7323 Regulations and Rulings, Office of Established in of Mar. 21, 1936, to complete work of Council. the U.S. Customs and Border Protection. Abolished by act of Oct. 13, 2006 (120 Stat. 1924) and Recovery Administration, National Established by functions transferred to the Office of International President pursuant to act of June 16, 1933 (48 Stat. Trade. 194). Provisions of title I of act repealed by Public Resolution 26 of June 14, 1935 (49 Stat. 375), and Regulatory Council, U.S. Disbanded by Vice extension of Administration in skeletonized form Presidential memorandum of Mar. 25, 1981. Certain authorized until Apr. 1, 1936. Office of Administrator, functions continued in Regulatory Information National Recovery Administration, created by EO Service Center. 602 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Regulatory Relief, Presidential Task Force Programming Division and Motion Picture Division, on Establishment announced in President’s remarks Office of War Mobilization and Reconversion, and Jan. 22, 1981. Disbanded and functions transferred to functions transferred from Bureau of Special Services, Office of Management and Budget in August 1983. Office of War Information, to Bureau of the Budget by EO 9608 of Aug. 31, 1945. Subsequent to enactment Rehabilitation Services Administration Functions of act of July 30, 1947 (61 Stat. 588), functions of transferred from Department of Health, Education, Office restricted to advertising and motion picture and Welfare to Office of Special Education and liaison and operation of library. Terminated June 30, Rehabilitative Services, Department of Education, by 1948. act of Oct. 17, 1979 (93 Stat. 678), effective May 4, 1980. Research, Office of University Transferred from Office of Program Management and Administration, Relief Corporation, Federal Surplus Organized Research and Special Programs Administration, to under powers granted to President by act of June Office of Economics, Office of the Assistant Secretary 16, 1933 (48 Stat. 195). Charter granted by State of for Policy and International Affairs, under authority Delaware Oct. 4, 1933, and amended Nov. 18, 1935, of the Department of Transportation appropriation changing name to Federal Surplus Commodities request for FY 1985, effective Oct. 1, 1984. Corporation and naming the Secretary of Agriculture, Administrator of Agricultural Adjustment Research and Development Board Established in Administration, and Governor of Farm Credit the Department of Defense by act of July 26, 1947 Administration as Board of Directors. Continued as (61 Stat. 499). Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 6 of agency under the Secretary of Agriculture by acts of 1953, effective June 30, 1953, and functions vested June 28, 1937 (50 Stat. 323) and Feb. 16, 1938 (52 in the Secretary of Defense. Stat. 38). Consolidated with Division of Marketing and Marketing Agreements into Surplus Marketing Research and Development Board, Administration by Reorg. Plan No. III of 1940, Joint Established June 6, 1946, by charter of effective June 30, 1940. Merged into Agricultural Secretaries of War and Navy. Terminated on creation Marketing Administration by EO 9069 of Feb. 23, of Research and Development Board by act of July 1942. 26, 1947 (61 Stat. 506).

Relief and Rehabilitation Operations, Office of Research and Intelligence Service, Foreign Established in the Department of State Interim Established in the Department of State by as announced by White House Nov. 21, 1942. EO 9621 of Sept. 20, 1945. Abolished Dec. 31, 1945, Consolidated with Foreign Economic Administration pursuant to terms of order. by EO 9380 of Sept. 25, 1943. Research and Special Programs Renegotiation Board Established by act of Mar. 23, Administration Established by act of Oct. 24, 1992 1951 (65 Stat. 7). Terminated Mar. 31, 1979, by act of (106 Stat. 3310). Abolished and certain duties and Oct. 10, 1978 (92 Stat. 1043). powers transferred to both the Pipeline Hazardous Materials Safety Administration and the Administrator Rent Advisory Board Established by EO 11632 of of the Research and Innovative Technology Nov. 22, 1971. Abolished by EO 11695 of Jan. 11, Administration, Department of Transportation, by act 1973. of Nov. 30, 2004 (118 Stat. 2424–2426).

Rent Stabilization, Office of Established by General Research Resources, Division of Established in Order 9 of Economic Stabilization Administrator National Institutes of Health, Department of Health July 31, 1951, pursuant to act of June 30, 1947 (61 and Human Services. Renamed National Center for Stat. 193), and EO’ s 10161 of Sept. 9, 1950, and Research Resources by Secretarial notice of Feb. 23, 10276 of July 31, 1951. Abolished by EO 10475 of 1990 (55 FR 6455) and act of June 10, 1993 (107 July 31, 1953, and functions transferred to Office Stat. 178). of Defense Mobilization. Office of Research and Development combined with Office of Minerals Research Service, Cooperative State Established by Policy Development in the Department of the Interior Secretary of Agriculture Memorandum 1462, supp. May 21, 1976, under authority of Reorg. Plan No. 3 1, of Aug. 31, 1961. Consolidated into Science and of 1950, effective May 24, 1950, to form Office of Education Administration by Secretary’s order of Minerals Policy and Research Analysis. Abolished Jan. 24, 1978. Reestablished as Cooperative State Sept. 30, 1981, by Secretarial Order 3070 and Research Service by Secretarial order of June 16, functions transferred to Bureau of Mines. 1981.

Reports, Office of Government Established July 1, Research and Service Division, 1939, to perform functions of National Emergency Cooperative Functions transferred to the Secretary Council abolished by Reorg. Plan No. II of 1939, of Agriculture in Farmer Cooperative Service by act effective July 1, 1939. Established as administrative of Aug. 6, 1953 (67 Stat. 390). unit of Executive Office of the President by EO 8248 of Sept. 8, 1939. Consolidated with Office of War Resettlement Administration Established by EO Information, Office for Emergency Management, 7027 of Apr. 30, 1935. Functions transferred to by EO 9182 of June 13, 1942. Reestablished in the Department of Agriculture by EO 7530 of Dec. Executive Office of the President by EO 9809 of Dec. 31, 1936. Renamed Farm Security Administration 12, 1946, which transferred to it functions of Media by Secretary’s Memorandum 732 of Sept. 1, 1937. History of Agency Organizational Changes 603

Abolished by act of Aug. 14, 1946 (60 Stat. 1062) transferred to Reconstruction Finance Corporation by and functions incorporated into the Farmers’ Home act of June 30, 1947 (61 Stat. 207). Administration, effective Jan. 1, 1947. Farmers’ Home Administration abolished, effective Dec. 27, 1994, River Basins, Neches, Trinity, Brazos, Colorado, under authority of Secretary’s Memorandum 1010–1 Guadalupe, San Antonio, Nueces, and San Jacinto, dated Oct. 20, 1994 (59 FR 66441). Functions and Intervening Areas, U.S. Study Commission assumed by the Consolidated Farm Service Agency on Established by act of Aug. 28, 1958 (72 Stat. and the Rural Housing and Community Development 1058). Terminated June 30, 1962. Service. River Basins, Savannah, Altamaha, Saint Mary’s, Resolution Trust Corporation Established by act of Apalachicola-Chattahoochee, and Perdido-Escambia, Aug. 9, 1989 (103 Stat. 369). Board of Directors of and Intervening Areas, U.S. Study Commission the Corporation abolished by act of Dec. 12, 1991 on Established by act of Aug. 28, 1958 (72 Stat. (105 Stat. 1769). Corporation functions terminated 1090). Terminated Dec. 23, 1962. pursuant to act of Dec. 17, 1993 (107 Stat. 2369). Road Inquiry, Office of Established by the Secretary Resources Board and Advisory Committee, of Agriculture under authority of act of Aug. 8, National Established by EO 6777 of June 30, 1934. 1894 (28 Stat. 264). Federal aid for highways to Abolished by EO 7065 of June 7, 1935, and functions be administered by the Secretary of Agriculture transferred to National Resources Committee. through Office of Public Roads and Rural Engineering authorized by act of July 11, 1916 (39 Stat. 355), Resources Committee, National Established by known as Bureau of Public Roads after July 1918. EO 7065 of June 7, 1935. Abolished by Reorg. Plan Transferred to Federal Works Agency by Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, effective July 1, 1939, and functions No. I of 1939, effective July 1, 1939, and renamed transferred to National Resources Planning Board in Public Roads Administration. Transferred to General Executive Office of the President. Board terminated Services Administration as Bureau of Public Roads by act of June 26, 1943 (57 Stat. 169). by act of June 30, 1949 (63 Stat. 380). Transferred to the Department of Commerce by Reorg. Plan No. 7 Resources Planning Board, National See Resources of 1949, effective Aug. 20, 1949. Transferred to the Committee, National Secretary of Transportation by act of Oct. 15, 1966 (80 Stat. 931), and functions assigned to Federal Retired Executives, Service Corps of Established Highway Administration. in ACTION by act of Oct. 1, 1973 (87 Stat. 404). Transferred to Small Business Administration by EO Roads, Bureau of Public See Road Inquiry, Office 11871 of July 18, 1975. of

Retraining and Reemployment Roads Administration, Public See Road Inquiry, Administration Established by EO 9427 of Feb. Office of 24, 1944, and act of Oct. 3, 1944 (58 Stat. 788). Transferred from Office of War Mobilization and Roads and Rural Engineering, Office of Public See Reconversion to the Department of Labor by EO Road Inquiry, Office of 9617 of Sept. 19, 1945. Terminated pursuant to terms of act. Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway Commission Established by act of Mar. 14, 1913 Revenue Sharing, Office of Established by the (37 Stat. 885). Abolished by EO 6166 of June 10, Secretary of the Treasury to administer programs 1933, and functions transferred to Office of National authorized by acts of Oct. 20, 1972 (86 Stat. 919), Parks, Buildings, and Reservations, Department of and July 22, 1976 (90 Stat. 999). Transferred from the Interior. the Office of the Secretary to Assistant Secretary (Domestic Finance) by Department of the Treasury Roosevelt Centennial Commission, Order 242, rev. 1, of May 17, 1976. Theodore Established by joint resolution of July 28, 1955 (69 Stat. 383). Terminated Oct. 27, 1959, Review, Division of Established in National pursuant to terms of act. Recovery Administration by EO 7075 of June 15, 1935. Transferred to the Department of Commerce by Roosevelt Library, Franklin D. Functions assigned EO 7252 of Dec. 21, 1935, and functions terminated to National Park Service by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of Apr. 1, 1936. Committee of Industrial Analysis 1946, effective July 16, 1946, transferred to General created by EO 7323 of Mar. 21, 1936, to complete Services Administration by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of work of Division. 1963, effective July 27, 1963.

RFC Mortgage Company Organized under laws Roosevelt Library, Trustees of the Franklin of Maryland Mar. 14, 1935, pursuant to act of Jan. D. Established by joint resolution of July 18, 1939 22, 1932 (47 Stat. 5). Grouped with other agencies (53 Stat. 1063). Transferred to General Services to form Federal Loan Agency by Reorg. Plan No. I Administration by act of June 30, 1949 (63 Stat. 381). of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. Transferred to the Abolished by act of Mar. 5, 1958 (72 Stat. 34), and Department of Commerce by EO 9071 of Feb. 24, Library operated by National Archives and Records 1942. Returned to Federal Loan Agency by act of Service, General Services Administration. Feb. 24, 1945 (59 Stat. 5). Assets and liabilities 604 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Roosevelt Memorial Commission, Franklin Memorandum 1020–3 of Oct. 26, 1981. Abolished in Delano Established by joint resolution of Aug. 11, 1986 due to lack of funding. 1955 (69 Stat. 694). Terminated by act of Nov. 14, 1997 (111 Stat. 1601). Rural Development Program, Committee for Established by EO 10847 of Oct. 12, 1959. Rubber Development Corporation Establishment Abolished by EO 11122 of Oct. 16, 1963, which announced Feb. 20, 1943, by the Secretary of established Rural Development Committee. Commerce. Organized under laws of Delaware as Committee superseded by EO 11307 of Sept. 30, subsidiary of Reconstruction Finance Corporation. 1966, and functions assumed by the Secretary of Assumed all activities of Rubber Reserve Company Agriculture. relating to development of foreign rubber sources and procurement of rubber therefrom. Functions Rural Development Service Established by transferred to Office of Economic Warfare by EO Agriculture Secretarial order in 1973. Functions 9361 of July 15, 1943. Office consolidated into transferred to Office of Rural Development Foreign Economic Administration by EO 9380 of Coordination and Planning, Farmers Home Sept. 25, 1943. Officereturned to Reconstruction Administration, by Secretarial order in 1978. Finance Corporation by EO 9630 of Sept. 27, 1945. Certificate of incorporation expired June 30, 1947. Rural Electrification Administration Established by EO 7037 of May 11, 1935. Functions transferred by Rubber Producing Facilities Disposal EO 7458 of Sept. 26, 1936, to Rural Electrification Commission Established by act of Aug. 7, 1953 (67 Administration established by act of May 20, 1936 Stat. 408). Functions transferred to Federal Facilities (49 Stat. 1363). Transferred to the Department of Corporation by EO 10678 of Sept. 20, 1956. Agriculture by Reorg. Plan No. II of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. Abolished by Secretary’s Memorandum Rubber Reserve Company Established June 1010–1 dated Oct. 20, 1994, and functions assumed 28, 1940, under act of Jan. 22, 1932 (47 Stat. by Rural Utilities Service. 5). Transferred from Federal Loan Agency to the Department of Commerce by EO 9071 of Feb. 24, Rural Housing and Community Development 1942. Returned to Federal Loan Agency by act of Service Established by act of Oct. 13, 1994 (108 Feb. 24, 1945 (59 Stat. 5). Dissolved by act of June Stat. 3219). Renamed Rural Housing Service (61 FR 30, 1945 (59 Stat. 310), and functions transferred to 2899), effective Jan. 30, 1996. Reconstruction Finance Corporation. Rural Rehabilitation Division Established April Rural Areas Development, Office of Established 1934 by act of May 12, 1933 (48 Stat. 55). Functions by Secretary of Agriculture memorandum in 1961 transferred to Resettlement Administration by Federal (revised Sept. 21, 1962). Renamed Rural Community Emergency Relief Administrator’s order of June 19, Development Service by Secretary’s Memorandum 1935. 1570 of Feb. 24, 1965. Saint Elizabeth’s Hospital See Insane, Government Rural Business and Cooperative Development Hospital for the Service Established within the Department of Agriculture by Secretary’s Memorandum 1020–34 Saint Lawrence Seaway Development dated Dec. 31, 1991. Renamed Rural Business- Corporation Established by act of May 13, 1954 Cooperative Service (61 FR 2899), effective Jan. 30, (68 Stat. 92). Secretary of Commerce given direction 1996. of general policies of Corporation by EO 10771 of June 20, 1958. Transferred to the Department of Rural Community Development Service Established Transportation by act of Oct. 15, 1966 (80 Stat. 931). by Secretary of Agriculture Memorandum 1570 of Feb. 25, 1965, to supersede Office of Rural Areas Salary Stabilization, Office of See Salary Development. Abolished Feb. 2, 1970, by Secretary’s Stabilization Board Memorandum 1670 of Jan. 30, 1970, and functions transferred to other agencies in the Department of Salary Stabilization Board Established May 10, Agriculture. 1951, by Economic Stabilization Administrator’s General Order 8. Stabilization program administered Rural Development Administration Established by Office of Salary Stabilization. Terminated Apr. 30, within the Department of Agriculture by Secretary’s 1953, by EO 10434 of Feb. 6, 1953, and acts of June Memorandum 1020–34 dated Dec. 31, 1991. 30, 1952 (66 Stat. 296), and June 30, 1953 (67 Stat. Abolished Dec. 27, 1994 (59 FR 66441) under 131). authority of Secretary’s Memorandum 1010–1 dated Oct. 20, 1994. Functions assumed by the Rural Sales Manager, Office of the General Established Business and Cooperative Development Service. by the Secretary of Agriculture Feb. 29, 1976. Consolidated with Foreign Agricultural Service by Rural Development Committee See Rural Secretary’s Memorandum 2001 of Nov. 29, 1979. Development Program, Committee for Savings Bonds, Interdepartmental Committee for Rural Development Policy, Office of Established the Voluntary Payroll Savings Plan for the Purchase initially as Office of Rural Development Policy of U.S. Established by EO 11532 of June 2, 1970. Management and Coordination, Farmers Home Superseded by EO 11981 of Mar. 29, 1977, which Administration, by Secretary of Agriculture History of Agency Organizational Changes 605 established Interagency Committee for the Purchase Science and Technology, President’s Committee of U.S. Savings Bonds. on Established by act of May 11, 1976 (90 Stat. 468). Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1977, Savings and Loan Advisory Council, effective Feb. 26, 1978, and functions transferred to Federal Established by act of Oct. 6, 1972 (86 Stat. President. 770). Continued by act of Dec. 26, 1974 (88 Stat. 1739). Terminated by act of Aug. 9, 1989 (103 Stat. Scientific and Policy Advisory 422). Committee Established by act of Sept. 26, 1961 (75 Stat. 631). Terminated Apr. 30, 1996 under terms Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation, of act. Federal Established by act of June 27, 1934 (48 Stat. 1246). Grouped with other agencies to form Federal Scientific Research and Development, Loan Agency by Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, effective Interdepartmental Committee on Established by July 1, 1939. Transferred to Federal Home Loan Bank EO 9912 of Dec. 24, 1947. EO 9912 revoked by EO Administration, National Housing Agency, by EO 10807 of Mar. 13, 1959, which established Federal 9070 of Feb. 24, 1942. Board of Trustees abolished Council for Science and Technology. Abolished by by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1947, effective July 27, 1947, act of May 11, 1976 (90 Stat. 472). and functions transferred to Home Loan Bank Board. Abolished by act of Aug. 9, 1989 (103 Stat. 354). Scientific Research and Development, Office of Established in Office for Emergency Management Savings Bonds Division, United States Established by EO 8807 of June 28, 1941. Terminated by EO by Departmental Order 62 of Dec. 26, 1945, as 9913 of Dec. 26, 1947, and property transferred to successor to the War and Finance Division, War National Military Establishment for liquidation. Savings Staff, and Defense Savings Staff. Functions transferred to Bureau of Public Debt by Departmental Scientists and Engineers, National Committee for the Order 101–05 of May 11, 1994, and Division Development of Established by President Apr. 3, renamed Savings Bond Marketing Office. 1956. Renamed President’s Committee on Scientists and Engineers May 7, 1957. Final report submitted Science, Engineering, and Technology, Federal Dec. 17, 1958, and expired Dec. 31, 1958. Coordinating Council for Established by act of May 11, 1976 (90 Stat. 471). Abolished by Reorg. Plan Scientists and Engineers, President’s Committee No. 1 of 1977, effective Feb. 26, 1978, and functions on See Scientists and Engineers, National transferred to President. Functions redelegated to Committee for the Development of Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy and Federal Coordinating Council for Science, Screw Thread Commission, National Established Engineering, and Technology, established by EO by act of July 18, 1918 (40 Stat. 912). Terminated by 12039 of Feb. 24, 1978. EO 6166 of June 10, 1933, and records transferred to the Department of Commerce, effective Mar. 2, Science, Engineering, and Technology Panel, 1934. Informal Interdepartmental Screw Thread Intergovernmental Established by act of May 11, Committee established on Sept. 14, 1939, consisting 1976 (90 Stat. 465). Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. of representatives of the Departments of War, the 1 of 1977, effective Feb. 26, 1978, and functions Navy, and Commerce. transferred to President. Functions redelegated to Director of Office of Science and Technology Policy Sea Grant Review Panel, National Established by EO 12039 of Feb. 24, 1978, which established by act of Oct. 8, 1976 (90 Stat. 1967). Renamed Intergovernmental Science, Engineering, and National Sea Grant Advisory Board by act of Oct. 13, Technology Advisory Panel. 2008 (122 Stat. 4207.

Science Advisory Committee, Secret Service, United States See Secret Service President’s Established by President Apr. 20, 1951, Division and reconstituted Nov. 22, 1957. Terminated with Office of Science and Technology, effective July 1, Secret Service Division Established July 5, 1865, as 1973. a Bureau under Treasury Department. Acknowledged as distinct agency within Treasury Department in Science Exhibit-Century 21 Exposition, 1883. White House Police Force created on October U.S. Established Jan. 20, 1960, by Department of 1, 1922, and placed under supervision of Secret Commerce Order 167. Abolished by revocation of Service Division in 1930. White House Police Force order on June 5, 1963. renamed Executive Protective Service by act of June 30, 1970 (84 Stat. 358). Executive Protective Service Science and Technology, Federal Council renamed U.S. Secret Service Uniformed Division by for See Scientific Research and Development, act of Nov. 15, 1977 (91 Stat. 1371). Treasury Police Interdepartmental Committee on Force merged into Secret Service on Oct. 5, 1986. U.S. Secret Service transferred to Homeland Security Science and Technology, Office of Established by Department by act of Nov. 25, 2002 (116 Stat. 2224). Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1962, effective June 8, 1962. Office abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1973, Security and Safety Performance Assurance, Office effective June 30, 1973, and functions transferred to of Established by Secretary of Energy memorandum National Science Foundation. of December 2, 2003. Abolished by Secretary’s Memorandum 2006–007929 of Aug. 30, 2006 and 606 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL functions transferred to the Office of Health, Safety for liquidation to Office of Selective Service Records and Security. established by act of Mar. 31, 1947 (61 Stat. 31). Transferred to Selective Service System by act of June Security, Commission on Government Established 24, 1948 (62 Stat. 604). by act of Aug. 9, 1955 (69 Stat. 595). Terminated Sept. 22, 1957, pursuant to terms of act. Self-Help Development and Technical Development, Office of Established in National Consumer Security, Office of the Director for Mutual See Cooperative Bank by act of Aug. 20, 1978 (92 Security Agency, Mutual Stat. 499). Abolished by act of Aug. 13, 1981 (95 Stat. 437), and assets transferred to Consumer Security Agency, Federal Established by Reorg. Plan Cooperative Development Corporation, Department No. I of 1939, effective July 1, 1939, grouping under of Commerce, Dec. 30, 1982. one administration Office of Education, Public Health Service, Social Security Board, U.S. Employment Services, Bureau of Special See Office of War Service, Civilian Conservation Corps, and National Information Youth Administration. Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1953, effective Apr. 11, 1953, and functions and Services, Division of Central units transferred to Department of Health, Education, Administrative Established by Liaison Officer for and Welfare. Emergency Management pursuant to Presidential letter of Feb. 28, 1941. Terminated by EO 9471 Security Agency, Mutual Established and continued of Aug. 25, 1944, and functions discontinued or by acts of Oct. 10, 1951 (65 Stat. 373) and June 20, transferred to constituent agencies of Office for 1952 (66 Stat. 141). Agency and Office of Director Emergency Management and other agencies. for Mutual Security abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 7 of 1953, effective Aug. 1, 1953, and functions Shipbuilding Stabilization Committee Originally transferred to Foreign Operations Administration, organized by National Defense Advisory Commission established by same plan. in 1940. Established August 1942 by War Production Board. Transferred to the Department of Labor from Security and Individual Rights, President’s Civilian Production Administration, successor agency Commission on Internal Established by EO 10207 to Board, by EO 9656 of Nov. 15, 1945. Terminated of Jan. 23, 1951. Terminated by EO 10305 of Nov. June 30, 1947. 14, 1951. Shipping Board, U.S. Established by act of Sept. Security Resources Board, National Established 7, 1916 (39 Stat. 729). Abolished by EO 6166 of by act of July 26, 1947 (61 Stat. 499). Transferred June 10, 1933, and functions, including those with to Executive Office of the President by Reorg. Plan respect to U.S. Shipping Board Merchant Fleet No. 4 of 1949, effective Aug. 20, 1949. Functions Corporation, transferred to U.S. Shipping Board of Board transferred to Chairman and Board made Bureau, Department of Commerce, effective Mar. 2, advisory to him by Reorg. Plan No. 25 of 1950, 1934. Separation of employees deferred until Sept. effective July 10, 1950. Functions delegated by 30, 1933, by EO 6245 of Aug. 9, 1933. Functions Executive order transferred to Office of Defense assumed by U.S. Maritime Commission Oct. 26, Mobilization by EO 10438 of Mar. 13, 1953. Board 1936, pursuant to act of June 29, 1936 (49 Stat. abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1953, effective 1985). June 12, 1953, and remaining functions transferred to Office of Defense Mobilization. Shipping Board Bureau, U.S. See Shipping Board, U.S. Security Training Commission, National Established by act of June 19, 1951 (65 Stat. 75). Expired June 30, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation, 1957, pursuant to Presidential letter of Mar. 25, 1957. U.S. Established Apr. 16, 1917, under authority of act of Sept. 7, 1916 (39 Stat. 729). Renamed U.S. Seed Loan Office Authorized by Presidential letters Shipping Board Merchant Fleet Corporation by act of July 26, 1918, and July 26, 1919, to the Secretary of Feb. 11, 1927 (44 Stat. 1083). Terminated Oct. of Agriculture. Further authorized by act of Mar. 26, 1936, under provisions of act of June 29, 1936 3, 1921 (41 Stat. 1347). Office transferred to Farm (49 Stat. 1985), and functions transferred to U.S. Credit Administration by EO 6084 of Mar. 27, 1933. Maritime Commission.

Selective Service Appeal Board, Shipping Board Merchant Fleet Corporation, National Established by EO 9988 of Aug. 20, 1948. U.S. See Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Inactive as of Apr. 11, 1975. Corporation, U.S.

Selective Service Records, Office of See Selective Ships, Bureau of Established by act of June 20, Service System 1940 (54 Stat. 493), to replace Bureau of Engineering and Bureau of Construction and Repair. Abolished by Selective Service System Established by act of Sept. Department of Defense reorg. order of Mar. 9, 1966, 16, 1940 (54 Stat. 885). Placed under jurisdiction of and functions transferred to the Secretary of the Navy War Manpower Commission by EO 9279 of Dec. 5, (31 FR 7188). 1942, and designated Bureau of Selective Service. Designated Selective Service System, separate Simpson Historical Research Center, Albert agency, by EO 9410 of Dec. 23, 1943. Transferred F. Renamed Headquarters USAF Historical Research History of Agency Organizational Changes 607

Center by special order of Dec. 16, 1983 of the Stat. 3225) and functions assumed by the Natural Secretary of Defense. Resources Conservation Service.

Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Soils, Bureau of See Agricultural and Industrial Office of Established within certain Defense Chemistry, Bureau of and Plant Industry, Bureau of Departments by act of Oct. 24, 1978 (92 Stat. 1770). Renamed Office of Small Business Programs by Solicitor General, Office of Assistant Established in Public Law 109–163 of Jan. 6, 2006 (119 Stat. 3399). the Department of Justice by act of June 16, 1933 (48 Stat. 307). Terminated by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1950, Smithsonian Symposia and Seminars, Office effective May 24, 1950. of Renamed Office of Interdisciplinary Studies by Smithsonian Institution announcement of Mar. 16, Southeastern Power Administration Established 1987. by the Secretary of the Interior in 1943 to carry out functions under act of Dec. 22, 1944 (58 Stat. 890). Social Development Institute, Inter- Transferred to the Department of Energy by act of American Established by act of Dec. 30, 1969 (83 Aug. 4, 1977 (91 Stat. 578). Stat. 821). Renamed Inter-American Foundation by act of Feb. 7, 1972 (86 Stat. 34). Southwestern Power Administration Established by the Secretary of the Interior in 1943 to carry out Social Protection, Committee on Established in functions under act of Dec. 22, 1944 (58 Stat. 890). Office of Defense Health and Welfare Services Transferred to the Department of Energy by act of by administrative order June 14, 1941. Functions Aug. 4, 1977 (91 Stat. 578). transferred to Federal Security Agency by EO 9338 of Apr. 29, 1943. Space Access and Technology, Office of Established in the National Aeronautics and Space Social and Rehabilitation Service Established by Administration. Abolished by Administrator’s order of the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare Feb. 24, 1997. reorganization of Aug. 15, 1967. Abolished by Secretary’s reorganization of Mar. 8, 1977 (42 FR Space Communications, Office of Established in 13262), and constituent units—Medical Services the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Administration, Assistance Payments Administration, Abolished by Administrator’s order of Feb. 24, 1997. Office of Child Support Enforcement, and Public Services Administration—transferred. Space Payload Technology Organization, Joint Operationally Responsive Established by act of Jan. Social Security Administration See Social Security 6, 2006 (119 Stat. 3408). Abolished by acts of Oct. Board 17, 2006 (120 Stat. 2358) and Dec. 20, 2006 (120 Stat. 3286). Social Security Board Established by act of Aug. 14, 1935 (49 Stat. 620). Incorporated into Space Science, Office of See Space and Terrestrial Federal Security Agency by Reorg. Plan No. I of Applications, Office of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. Social Security Board abolished and Social Security Administration Space Science Board Renamed Space Studies established by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1946 (5 U.S.C. Board by authority of the National Research Council, app.), effective July 16, 1946, and functions of the National Academy of Sciences, effective May 8, Board transferred to Federal Security Administrator. 1989. Social Security Administration transferred from the Federal Security Agency by Reorganization Plan Space Station, Office of Established in the National No. 1 of 1953 (5 U.S.C. app.), effective Apr. 11, Aeronautics and Space Administration. Abolished 1953, to the Department of Health, Education, and in 1990 and remaining functions transferred to the Welfare. Social Security Administration became an Office of Space Flight. independent agency in the executive branch by act of Aug. 15, 1994 (108 Stat. 1464), effective Mar. 31, Space Technology Laboratories, National Renamed 1995. John C. Stennis Space Center by EO 12641 of May 20, 1988. Soil Conservation Service See Soil Erosion Service Space and Terrestrial Applications, Office Soil Erosion Service Established in the Department of Combined with Office of Space Science to of the Interior following allotment made Aug. 25, form Office of Space Science and Applications by 1933. Transferred to the Department of Agriculture National Aeronautics and Space Administrator’s by Secretary of Interior administrative order of Mar. announcement of Sept. 29, 1981. 25, 1935. Made Soil Conservation Service by order of the Secretary of Agriculture, Apr. 27, 1935, pursuant Space Tracking and Data Systems, Office to provisions of act of Apr. 27, 1935 (49 Stat. 163). of Renamed Office of Space Operations by Certain functions of Soil Conservation Service National Aeronautics and Space Administrator’s under jurisdiction of the Department of the Interior announcement of Jan. 9, 1987. transferred from the Department of Agriculture to the Department of the Interior by Reorg. Plan No. IV Space Transportation Operations, Office of 1940, effective June 30, 1940. Soil Conservation of Combined with Office of Space Transportation Service abolished by act of Oct. 13, 1994 (108 Systems to form Office of Space Transportation 608 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Systems, National Aeronautics and Space of the Budget by Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, effective Administration, effective July 1982. July 1, 1939. Expired July 25, 1940, and functions taken over by Division of Statistical Standards, Space Transportation Systems, Office of See Space Bureau of the Budget. Transportation Operations, Office of Statistical Committee, Central Established by act Spanish-Speaking People, Cabinet Committee on of July 25, 1935 (49 Stat. 498). Abolished by Reorg. Opportunities for See Mexican-American Affairs, Plan No. I of 1939, effective July 1, 1939, and Interagency Committee on functions transferred to Bureau of the Budget.

Special. See other part of title Statistical Policy Coordination Committee Established by EO 12013 of Oct. 7, Specifications Board, Federal Established by 1977. Abolished by EO 12318 of Aug. 21, 1981. Bureau of the Budget Circular 42 of Oct. 10, 1921. Transferred from Federal Coordinating Service to Statistical Reporting Service Established by Procurement Division by order of Oct. 9, 1933 of Memorandum 1446, supp. 1, part 3, of 1961 of the the Secretary of the Treasury. Board superseded by Secretary of Agriculture. Consolidated with other Federal Specifications Executive Committee, set up departmental units into Economics, Statistics, and by Director of Procurement under Circular Letter 106 Cooperatives Service by Secretary’s Memorandum of July 16, 1935. 1927, effective Dec. 23, 1977. Redesignated as Statistical Reporting Service by Secretary’s order Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Bureau of Established of Oct. 1, 1981. Renamed National Agricultural in the Department of the Interior by act of Aug. 8, Statistics Service. 1956 (70 Stat. 1119). Bureau replaced by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service pursuant to act of Apr. 22, 1974 Statistics Administration, Social and (88 Stat. 92). Economic Established Jan. 1, 1972, by the Secretary of Commerce. Terminated by Department of Standards, National Bureau of See Weights and Commerce Organization Order 10–2, effective Aug. Measures, Office of Standard 4, 1975 (40 FR 42765). Bureau of Economic Analysis and Bureau of the Census restored as primary State, Department of Duty of Secretary of State operating units of the Department of Commerce by of procuring copies of all statutes of the States, as Organization Orders 35–1A and 2A, effective Aug. provided for in act of Sept. 28, 1789 (R.S. 206), 4, 1975. abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 20 of 1950, effective May 24, 1950. Functions of numbering, editing, Statutes at Large See State, Department of and distributing proclamations and Executive orders transferred from the Department of State to the Statutes of the States See State, Department of Division of the Federal Register, National Archives, by EO 7298 of Feb. 18, 1936. Duty of Secretary of Steam Engineering, Bureau of Established in the State of publishing Executive proclamations and Department of the Navy by act of July 5, 1862 (12 treaties in newspapers in District of Columbia, Stat. 510). Redesignated as Bureau of Engineering provided for in act of July 31, 1876 (19 Stat. 105), by act of June 4, 1920 (41 Stat. 828). Abolished by abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 20 of 1950, effective act of June 20, 1940 (54 Stat. 492), and functions May 24, 1950. Functions concerning publication of transferred to Bureau of Ships. U.S. Statutes at Large, acts and joint resolutions in pamphlet form known as slip laws, and amendments Steamboat Inspection Service President authorized to the Constitution; electoral votes for President and to appoint Service by act of June 28, 1838 (5 Stat. Vice President; and Territorial papers transferred 252). Secretary of Treasury authorized to establish from the Department of State to the Administrator of boards of local inspectors at enumerated ports the General Services Administration by Reorg. Plan throughout the U.S. by act of Feb. 28, 1871 (16 Stat. No. 20 of 1950. (See also Archives Establishment, 440). Authority to appoint boards of local inspectors National) delegated to Secretary of Commerce and Labor by act of Mar. 4, 1905 (33 Stat. 1026). Consolidated with State and Local Cooperation, Division Bureau of Navigation and Steamboat Inspection by of Established by Advisory Commission to Council act of June 30, 1932 (47 Stat. 415). of National Defense Aug. 5, 1940. Transferred to Office of Civilian Defense. Stock Catalog Board, Federal Standard Originated by act of Mar. 2, 1929 (45 Stat. 1461). Transferred State and Local Government Cooperation, from Federal Coordinating Service to Procurement Committee on Established by EO 11627 of Oct 15, Division by order of Oct. 9, 1933 of the Secretary of 1971. Abolished by EO 11695 of Jan. 11, 1973. the Treasury.

State Technical Services, Office of Established by Strategic Defense Initiative the Secretary of Commerce Nov. 19, 1965, pursuant Organization Established in 1986 as a separate to act of Sept. 14, 1965 (79 Stat. 697). Abolished by agency of the Department of Defense. Renamed Secretary, effective June 30, 1970. Ballistic Missile Defense Organization by Deputy Secretary’s memorandum in May 1993. Statistical Board, Central Organized Aug. 9, 1933, by EO 6225 of July 27, 1933. Transferred to Bureau History of Agency Organizational Changes 609

Strategic Posture of the United States, Commission Service. Merged with Federal Technology Service to on the Implementation of the New Established by form Federal Acquisition Service by GSA Order No. act of Jan. 6, 2006 (119 Stat. 3431). Terminated by 5440.591 of Sept. 9, 2005. See also act of Oct. 6, act of Jan. 28, 2009 (122 Stat. 328) 2006 (120 Stat. 1735).

Strategic Services, Office of See Information, Surveys and Maps, Federal Board of See Surveys Office of Coordinator of and Maps of the Federal Government, Board of

Strategic Trade, Office of Established in the U.S. Surveys and Maps of the Federal Government, Customs and Border Protection pursuant to Customs Board of Established by EO 3206 of Dec. 30, 1919. Service Reorganization plan, effective Sept. 30, Renamed Federal Board of Surveys and Maps by 1995. Abolished by act of Oct. 13, 2006 (120 Stat. EO 7262 of Jan. 4, 1936. Abolished by EO 9094 of 1924) and functions transferred to the Office of Mar. 10, 1942, and functions transferred to Director, International Trade. Bureau of the Budget.

Subversive Activities Control Board Established by Space System Development, Office of Established act of Sept. 23, 1950 (64 Stat. 987). Terminated June in the National Aeronautics and Space 30, 1973, due to lack of funding. Administration. Renamed Office of Space Access and Technology in 1995. Sugar Division Created by act of May 12, 1933 (48 Stat. 31), authorized by act of Sept. 1, 1937 Tariff Commission, U.S. Established by act of Sept. (50 Stat. 903). Taken from Agricultural Adjustment 8, 1916 (39 Stat. 795). Renamed U.S. International Administration and made independent division Trade Commission by act of Jan. 3, 1975 (88 Stat. of the Department of Agriculture by Secretary’s 2009). Memorandum 783, effective Oct. 16, 1938. Placed under Agricultural Conservation and Adjustment Tax Appeals, Board of Established as an Administration by EO 9069 of Feb. 23, 1942, independent agency within the executive branch by functioning as Sugar Agency. Functions transferred act of June 2, 1924 (43 Stat. 336). Continued by acts to Food Distribution Administration by EO 9280 of of Feb. 26, 1926 (44 Stat. 105) and Feb. 10, 1939 (53 Dec. 5, 1942. Stat. 158). Renamed Tax Court of the United States by act of Aug. 16, 1954 (68A Stat. 879). Renamed Sugar Rationing Administration Established United States Tax Court by act of Dec. 30, 1969 (83 by Memorandum 1190 of Mar. 31, 1947, of the Stat. 730). Secretary of Agriculture under authority of act of Mar. 31, 1947 (61 Stat. 35). Terminated Mar. 31, 1948, on Technical Advisory Board for First Responder expiration of authority. Interoperability Established by act of Feb. 22, 2012 (126 Stat. 208). Terminated on July 6, 2012 by Supplies and Accounts, Bureau of See Provisions operation of law. and Clothing, Bureau of Technical Cooperation Administration Transferred Supplies and Shortages, National Commission from the Department of State to Mutual Security on Established by act of Sept. 30, 1974 (88 Stat. Agency by EO 10458 of June 1, 1953. Transferred to 1168). Terminated Mar. 31, 1977, pursuant to terms Foreign Operations Administration by Reorg. Plan of act. No. 7 of 1953, effective Aug. 1, 1953.

Supply, Bureau of Federal See Procurement Technical Services, Office of Designated unit of Division Office of the Secretary of Commerce by Department Order 179, July 23, 1962. Functions transferred to Supply, Office of Renamed Office of Procurement National Bureau of Standards by Order 90 of Jan. 30, and Property by Smithsonian Institution 1964. announcement of Nov. 4, 1986. Technology Administration Established by act of Supply Committee, General Established by act Oct. 24, 1988 (102 Stat. 2593). Abolished by act of of June 17, 1910 (36 Stat. 531). Abolished by EO Aug. 9, 2007 (121 Stat. 587) and functions absorbed 6166 of June 10, 1933, effective Mar. 2, 1934, and by National Institute of Standards and Technology, functions transferred to Procurement Division, the Department of Commerce. Department of the Treasury. Technology Assessment, Office of Created by act Supply Priorities and Allocations Board Established of Oct. 13, 1972 (86 Stat. 797). Office inactive as of in Office for Emergency Management by EO 8875 Sept. 30, 1995. of Aug. 28, 1941. Abolished by EO 9024 of Jan. 16, 1942, and functions transferred to War Production Technology, Automation, and Economic Progress, Board. National Commission on Established by act of Aug. 19, 1964 (78 Stat. 463). Terminated January 1966 Supply Service, Federal Renamed Office of pursuant to terms of act. Personal Property by General Services Administration (GSA) order, effective Sept. 28, 1982; later renamed Technology Service, Federal Merged with Federal Office of Federal Supply and Services by GSA order Supply Service to form Federal Acquisition Service by of Jan. 22, 1983; then redesignated Federal Supply General Services Administration Order No. 5440.591 610 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL of Sept. 9, 2005. See also act of Oct. 6, 2006 (120 Terrorism, Cabinet Committee To Stat. 1735). Combat Established by Presidential memorandum of Sept. 25, 1972. Terminated by National Security Telecommunications Adviser to the Council memorandum of Sept. 16, 1977. President Established in Executive Office of the President by EO 10297 of Oct. 9, 1951. EO Terrorist Threat Integration Center Established 10297 revoked by EO 10460 of June 16, 1953, and on May 1, 2003, pursuant to Presidential initiative. functions transferred to Director of Office of Defense Transferred to the National Counterterrorism Center Mobilization. by act of Dec. 17, 2004 (118 Stat. 3697).

Telecommunications Management, Director Textile National Industrial Relations of Established in Office of Emergency Planningby Board Established by administrative order of June EO 10995 of Feb. 16, 1962. Assignment of radio 28, 1934. Abolished by EO 6858 of Sept. 26, 1934, frequencies delegated to Government agencies and which created Textile Labor Relations Board in foreign diplomatic establishments by EO 11084 of connection with the Department of Labor. Board Feb. 16, 1963. Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of terminated July 1, 1937, and functions absorbed by 1970, effective Apr. 20, 1970. U.S. Conciliation Service, Department of Labor.

Telecommunications Policy, Office of Established Textile National Industrial Relations Board, in Executive Office of the President by Reorg. Plan Cotton Established by original Code of Fair No. 1 of 1970, effective Apr. 20, 1970. Abolished by Competition for the Cotton Textile Industry, as Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1977, effective Mar. 26, 1978, amended July 10, 1934. Abolished by EO 6858 of and certain functions transferred to President with Sept. 26, 1934. all other functions transferred to the Department of Commerce. Textile Work Assignment Board, Cotton Amendments to Code of Fair Competition Telecommunications Service, Automated for Cotton Textile Industry approved by EO 6876 of Data Renamed Office of Information Resources Oct. 16, 1934, and Cotton Textile Work Assignment Management by General Services Administration Board appointed by Textile Labor Relations Board. order of Aug. 17, 1982. Later renamed Information Board expired June 15, 1935. Resources Management Service. Textile Work Assignment Board, Silk Appointed by Temporary Controls, Office of Established in Textile Labor Relations Board following President’s Office for Emergency Management by EO 9809 approval of amendments to Code of Fair Competition of Dec. 12, 1946, consolidating Office of War for Silk Textile Industry by EO 6875 of Oct. 16, 1934. Mobilization and Reconversion, Office of Economic Terminated June 15, 1935. Stabilization, Office of Price Administration, and Civilian Production Administration. Functions with Textile Work Assignment Board, Wool Established respect to Veterans’ Emergency Housing Program by EO 6877 of Oct. 16, 1934. Terminated June 15, transferred to Housing Expediter by EO 9836 of Mar. 1935. 22, 1947. Functions with respect to distribution and price of sugar products transferred to the Secretary Textiles, Office of Established by the Secretary of of Agriculture by act of Mar. 31, 1947 (61 Stat. 36). Commerce Feb. 14, 1971. Functions transferred to Office terminated by EO 9841 of Apr. 23, 1947, and Domestic and International Business Administration, remaining functions redistributed. effective Nov. 17, 1972.

Temporary Emergency Court of Appeals Established Thrift Depositor Protection Oversight Board. See by act of Dec. 22, 1971 (85 Stat. 749). Abolished by Oversight Board (of the Resolution Trust act of Oct. 29, 1992, effective Apr. 30, 1993 (106 Corporation). Stat. 4507). Court’s jurisdiction and pending cases transferred to the United States Court of Appeals for Thrift Supervision, Office of Established by act of the Federal Circuit. August 9, 1989 (103 Stat. 352). Abolished by act of July 21. 2010, (124 Stat. 1522), and functions Territorial Affairs, Office of Established by Interior transferred to Office of the Comptroller of the Secretarial Order 2951 of Feb. 6, 1973. Abolished Currency, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, by Departmental Manual Release 2270 of June 6, Federal Reserve Board of Governors, and Consumer 1980, and functions transferred to Office of Assistant Financial Protection Bureau. Secretary for Territorial and International Affairs. Trade, Special Adviser to the President on Territorial papers See State, Department of Foreign Established by EO 6651 of Mar. 23, 1934. Terminated on expiration of National Recovery Territories, Office of Established by the Secretary Administration. of the Interior July 28, 1950. Functions reassigned to Deputy Assistant Secretary for Territorial Affairs Trade Administration, International See Business in Office of the Assistant Secretary—Public Land and Defense Services Administration Management, Department of the Interior, by Secretarial Order 2942, effective July 1, 1971. Trade Agreements, Interdepartmental Committee on Established by Secretary of State in 1934 History of Agency Organizational Changes 611 and reestablished by EO 9832 of Feb. 25, 1947. Administration order of Aug. 17, 1982. Functions Abolished by EO 11075 of Jan. 15, 1963. transferred to various GSA organizations.

Trade and Development Program Established Transportation Safety Board, National Established by act of Sept. 4, 1961, as amended (88 Stat. in the Department of Transportation by act of Oct. 1804). Designated separate entity within the U.S. 15, 1966 (80 Stat. 935). Abolished by act of Jan. 3, International Development Cooperation Agency by 1975 (88 Stat. 2156), which established independent act of Sept. 4, 1961, as amended (102 Stat. 1329). National Transportation Safety Board. Renamed Trade and Development Agency by act of Oct. 28, 1992 (106 Stat. 3657). Transportation Security Administration Established by act of Nov. 19, 2001 (115 Stat. 597). Functions Trade Expansion Act Advisory transferred from Department of Transportation to Committee Established by EO 11075 of Jan. 15, Department of Homeland Security by act of Nov. 25, 1963. Abolished by EO 11846 of Mar. 27, 1975, 2002 (116 Stat. 2178). and records transferred to Trade Policy Committee established by same EO. Transportation Statistics, Bureau of Established by act of Dec. 18, 1991 (105 Stat. 2172). Transferred to Trade Negotiations, Office of the Special Research and Innovative Technology Administration, Representative for Renamed Office of the U.S. Transportation Department, by act of Nov. 30, 2004 Trade Representative by EO 12188 of Jan. 4, 1980. (118 Stat. 2424).

Trade Policy Committee Established by EO 10741 Travel Service, U.S. Replaced by U.S. Travel and of Nov. 25, 1957. Abolished by EO 11075 of Jan. 15, Tourism Administration, Department of Commerce, 1963. pursuant to act of Oct. 16, 1981 (95 Stat. 1014).

Traffic Safety, President’s Committee Travel and Tourism Administration, for Established by Presidential letter of Apr. 14, U.S. Established by act of Oct. 16, 1981 (95 Stat. 1954. Continued by EO 10858 of Jan. 13, 1960. 1014). Abolished by act of Oct. 11, 1996 (110 Stat. Abolished by EO 11382 of Nov. 28, 1967. 3407).

Traffic Safety Agency, National Established in the Travel and Tourism Advisory Board Established by Department of Commerce by act of Sept. 9, 1966 (80 act of Oct. 16, 1981 (95 Stat. 1017). Abolished by act Stat. 718). Activity transferred to the Department of of Oct. 11, 1996 (110 Stat. 3407). Transportation by act of Oct. 15, 1966 (80 Stat. 931). Responsibility placed in National Highway Safety Treasury, Office of the Assistant Secretary of the— Bureau by EO 11357 of June 6, 1967. Electronics and Information Technology Established by Secretary’s Order 114–1 of Mar. 14, 1983. Training and Employment Service, U.S. Established Abolished by Secretary’s Order 114–3 of May in Manpower Administration, Department of Labor, 17, 1985, and functions transferred to Office of Mar. 17, 1969. Abolished by Secretary’s letter of the Assistant Secretary for Management. Certain Dec. 6, 1971, and functions assigned to Office provisions effective Aug. 31, 1985 (50 FR 23573). of Employment Development Programs and U.S. Employment Service. Treasury, Solicitor of the Position established when certain functions of Solicitor of the Treasury Training School for Boys, National See District of transferred to the Department of Justice by EO 6166 Columbia, Reform-School of the of June 10, 1933. Solicitor of the Treasury transferred from the Department of Justice to the Department of Transportation, Federal Coordinator of Established the Treasury by same order. Office of Solicitor of the by act of June 16, 1933 (48 Stat. 211). Expired June Treasury abolished by act of May 10, 1934 (48 Stat. 16, 1936, under provisions of Public Resolution 27 758), and functions transferred to General Counsel, (49 Stat. 376). the Department of the Treasury.

Transportation, Office of Established in Treasury Police Force See Secret Service Division the Department of Agriculture by Secretary’s Memorandum 1966 dated Dec. 12, 1978. Abolished Treasury Secretary, Assistant Office abolished by by Secretary’s Memorandum 1030–25 dated Dec. Reorg. Plan No. III of 1940, effective June 30, 1940, 28, 1990. and functions transferred to Fiscal Assistant Secretary, Department of the Treasury. Transportation and Communications Service Established by General Services Treasury Under Secretary for Enforcement, Office Administrator Oct. 19, 1961. Abolished by of Established by act of Oct. 28, 1993 (107 Stat. Administrator’s order, effective July 15, 1972. Motor 1234). Office abolished by act of Dec. 8, 2004 (118 equipment, transportation, and public utilities Stat. 3245), and functions transferred to the Office responsibilities assigned to Federal Supply Service; of the Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial telecommunications function assigned to Automated Crimes, Department of the Treasury. Data Telecommunications Service. Treaties See State, Department of Transportation and Public Utilities Service Abolished by General Services 612 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Typhus Commission, U.S. of America Established 1933. Established as an independent agency under in Department of War by EO 9285 of Dec. 24, 1942. the President by Executive Order 5398 of July 21, Abolished June 30, 1946, by EO 9680 of Jan. 17, 1930, in accordance with the act of July 3, 1930 1946. (46 Stat. 1016) and the act of Sept. 2, 1958 (72 Stat. 1114). Made an executive department in the U.S. See other part of title executive branch and redesignated the Department of Veterans Affairs by act of Oct. 25, 1988 (102 Stat. Uniformed Services University of the Health 2635). Sciences, School of Medicine of the Renamed F. Edward He´bert School of Medicine by act of Sept. Veterans Appeals, U.S. Court of Established by act 24, 1983 (97 Stat. 704). of Nov. 18, 1988 (102 Stat. 4113). Renamed U.S. Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims by act of Nov. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural 11, 1998 (112 Stat. 3341). Organization U.S. membership in UNESCO authorized by act of July 30, 1946 (60 Stat. 712). Veterans Education Appeals Board See Veterans Announcement of U.S. intention to withdraw Tuition Appeals Board made Dec. 28, 1983, in accordance with UNESCO constitution. Official U.S. withdrawal effective Dec. Veterans Employment and Training, Advisory 31, 1984, by Secretary of State’s letter of Dec. 19, Committee on Renamed Advisory Committee 1984. The U.S. maintained status as an observer on Veterans Employment, Training, and Employer mission in UNESCO from 1984–2003, and rejoined Outreach by act of June 15, 2006 (120 Stat. 403). the organization in October 2003. Veterans Employment Service Renamed Veterans’ Upper Mississippi River Basin Employment and Training Service by Order 4–83 Commission Established by EO 11659 of Mar. 22, of Mar. 24, 1983 of the Secretary of Labor (48 FR 1972. Terminated by EO 12319 of Sept. 9, 1981. 14092).

Urban Affairs, Council for Established in Executive Veterans Health Administration See Medicine and Office of the President by EO 11452 of Jan. 23, 1969. Surgery, Department of Terminated by EO 11541 of July 1, 1970. Veterans Health Services and Research Urban Mass Transportation Administration See Medicine and Surgery, Administration Functions regarding urban mass Department of transportation established in the Department of Housing and Urban Development by act of July 9, Veterans Placement Service Board Established by 1964 (78 Stat. 302). Most functions transferred to the act of June 22, 1944 (58 Stat. 293). Abolished by Department of Transportation by Reorg. Plan No. 2 Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1949, effective Aug. 20, 1949, of 1968, effective June 30, 1968 (82 Stat. 1369), and and functions transferred to the Secretary of Labor. joint responsibility assigned to the Departments of Transportation and Housing and Urban Development Veterans Tuition Appeals Board Established by act for functions relating to research, technical studies, of Aug. 24, 1949 (63 Stat. 654). Functions assumed and training. Transportation and Housing and Urban by Veterans Education Appeals Board established by Development Under Secretaries agreed in November act of July 13, 1950 (64 Stat. 336). Board terminated 1969 that the Department of Transportation should by act of Aug. 28, 1957 (71 Stat. 474). be focal point for urban mass transportation grant administration; at which time functions transferred to Veterinary Medicine, Bureau of Established in the Department of Transportation. Renamed Federal Food and Drug Administration, Department of Transit Administration by act of Dec. 18, 1991 (105 Health, Education, and Welfare. Renamed Center for Stat. 2088). Veterinary Medicine by FDA notice of Mar. 9, 1984 (49 FR 10166). Urban Renewal Administration Established in Housing and Home Finance Agency by Virgin Islands Public works programs under act Administrator’s Organizational Order 1 of Dec. 23, of Dec. 20, 1944 (58 Stat. 827), transferred from 1954. Functions transferred to the Department of General Services Administrator to the Secretary of the Housing and Urban Development by act of Sept. 9, Interior by Reorg. Plan No. 15 of 1950, effective May 1965 (78 Stat. 667), and Administration terminated. 24, 1950.

Utilization and Disposal Service Established July Virgin Islands Company Established in 1934. 1, 1961, by Administrator of General Services and Reincorporated as Government corporation by act assigned functions of Federal Supply Service and of June 30, 1949 (63 Stat. 350). Program terminated Public Buildings Service. Functions transferred to June 30, 1965, and Corporation dissolved July 1, Property Management and Disposal Service July 29, 1966. 1966. Virgin Islands Corporation See Virgin Islands Veterans Administration Legal work in defense Company of suits against the U.S. arising under act of June 7, 1924 (43 Stat. 607), transferred to the Department Visitor Facilities Advisory Commission, of Justice by EO 6166 of June 10, 1933. Transfer National Established by act of Mar. 12, 1968 (82 deferred to Sept. 10, 1933, by EO 6222 of July 27, History of Agency Organizational Changes 613

Stat. 45). Expired Jan. 5, 1975, pursuant to act of Oct. War, Solid Fuels Administration for Established in 6, 1972 (86 Stat. 776). the Department of the Interior by EO 9332 of Apr. 19, 1943. Absorbed Office of Solid Fuels Coordinator Vocational Rehabilitation, Office of Established for War (originally established as Office of Solid to administer provisions of act of July 6, 1943 (57 Fuels Coordinator for National Defense) pursuant to Stat. 374). Other duties delegated by acts of Aug. 3, Presidential letter of Nov. 5, 1941; later changed by 1954 (68 Stat. 652), Nov. 8, 1965 (79 Stat. 1282), Presidential letter of May 25, 1942. Terminated by July 12, 1960 (74 Stat. 364), and July 10, 1954 (68 EO 9847 of May 6, 1947. Stat. 454). Redesignated Vocational Rehabilitation Administration Jan. 28, 1963. Made component of War Assets Administration Established in Office newly created Social and Rehabilitation Service as for Emergency Management by EO 9689 of Jan. Rehabilitation Services Administration by Department 31, 1946. Functions transferred to Surplus Property of Health, Education, and Welfare reorganization of Administration by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1947, Aug. 15, 1967. effective July 1, 1947, and agency renamed War Assets Administration. Abolished by act of June 30, Vocational Rehabilitation Administration See 1949 (63 Stat. 738), and functions transferred for Vocational Rehabilitation, Office of liquidation to General Services Administration.

Voluntary Citizen Participation, State Office War Assets Corporation See Petroleum Reserves of Renamed State Office of Volunteerism in Corporation ACTION by notice of Apr. 18, 1986 (51 FR 13265), effective May 18, 1986. War Claims Commission Established by act of July 3, 1948 (62 Stat. 1240). Abolished by Reorg. Plan Volunteer Service, International, Secretariat No. 1 of 1954, effective July 1, 1954, and functions for Established in 1962 by International Conference transferred to Foreign Claims Settlement Commission on Middle Level Manpower called by President. of the U.S. Terminated Mar. 31, 1976, due to insufficient funding. War Commodities Division Established in Office of Foreign Economic Coordination by Department Volunteers in Service to America Established by act of State Order of Aug. 27, 1943. Office abolished by of Nov. 8, 1966 (80 Stat. 1472). Service administered departmental order of Nov. 6, 1943, pursuant to EO by Office of Economic Opportunity and functions 9380 of Sept. 25, 1943, which established Foreign transferred to ACTION by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1971, Economic Administration in Office for Emergency effective July 1, 1971. Management.

Wage Adjustment Board Established May 29, 1942, War Communications, Board of See Defense by the Secretary of Labor at Presidential direction of Communications Board May 14, 1942, to accomplish purpose of act of Mar. 3, 1931 (46 Stat. 1494), as amended by acts of Aug. War Contracts Price Adjustment Board Established 30, 1935 (49 Stat. 1011), and Jan. 30, 1942 (56 Stat. by act of Feb. 25, 1944 (58 Stat. 85). Abolished 23). Disbanded on termination of National Wage by act of Mar. 23, 1951 (65 Stat. 7), and functions Stabilization Board. transferred to Renegotiation Board, established by same act, and General Services Administrator. Wage and Price Stability, Council on Established in Executive Office of the President by act of Aug. 24, War Damage Corporation See War Insurance 1974 (88 Stat. 750). Abolished by EO 12288 of Jan. Corporation 29, 1981. Funding ceased beyond June 5, 1981, by act of June 5, 1981 (95 Stat. 74), and authorization War, Department of Established by act of Aug. 7, for appropriations repealed by act of Aug. 13, 1981 1789 (1 Stat. 49), succeeding similar department (95 Stat. 432). established prior to adoption of the Constitution. Three military departments—Army; Navy, including Wage and Price Stability Program See Wage and naval aviation and U.S. Marine Corps; and Air Price Stability, Council on Force—reorganized under National Military Establishment by act of July 26, 1947 (61 Stat. 495). Wage Stabilization Board Established by EO 10161 of Sept. 9, 1950. Reconstituted by EO 10377 of July War Finance Corporation Established by act of Apr. 25, 1952. Terminated Apr. 30, 1953, by EO 10434 5, 1918 (40 Stat. 506). Functions and obligations of Feb. 6, 1953, and acts of June 30, 1952 (66 Stat. transferred by Reorg. Plan No. II of 1939, effective 296), and June 30, 1953 (67 Stat. 131). July 1, 1939, to the Secretary of the Treasury for liquidation not later than Dec. 31, 1939. Wage Stabilization Board, National See Defense Mediation Board, National War Food Administration See Food Production and Distribution, Administration of Wallops Flight Center, Wallops Island, VA Formerly separate field installation of National Aeronautics War Information, Office of Established in and Space Administration. Made component of Office of Emergency Management by EO 9182 of Goddard Space Flight Center by NASA Management June 13, 1942, consolidating Office of Facts and Instruction 1107.10A of Sept. 3, 1981. Figures; Office of Government Reports; Division of Information, Office for Emergency Management; and 614 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Foreign Information Service—Outpost, Publications, Civilian Production Administration, established by and Pictorial Branches, Coordinator of Information. EO 9638 of Oct. 4, 1945. Abolished by EO 9608 of Aug. 31, 1945. Bureau of Special Services and functions with respect to review War Property Administration, Surplus Established of publications of Federal agencies transferred to in Office of War Mobilization by EO 9425 of Feb. Bureau of the Budget. Foreign information activities 19, 1944. Terminated on establishment of Surplus transferred to the Department of State. Property Board by act of Oct. 3, 1944 (58 Stat. 768). Surplus Property Administration established in Office War Insurance Corporation Established Dec. of War Mobilization and Reconversion by act of 13, 1941, by act of June 10, 1941 (55 Stat. 249). Sept. 18, 1945 (59 Stat. 533), and Board abolished. Charter filed Mar. 31, 1942. Renamed War Damage Domestic functions of Administration merged into Corporation by act of Mar. 27, 1942 (56 Stat. War Assets Corporation, Reconstruction Finance 175). Transferred from Federal Loan Agency to the Corporation, by EO 9689 of Jan. 31, 1946. Foreign Department of Commerce by EO 9071 of Feb. 24, functions transferred to the Department of State by 1942. Returned to Federal Loan Agency by act of same order. Transfers made permanent by Reorg. Plan Feb. 24, 1945 (59 Stat. 5). Agency abolished by act of No. 1 of 1947, effective July 1, 1947. June 30, 1947 (61 Stat. 202), and functions assumed by Reconstruction Finance Corporation. Powers of War Refugee Board Established in Executive War Damage Corporation, except for purposes of Office of the President by EO 9417 of Jan. 22, 1944. liquidation, terminated as of Jan. 22, 1947. Terminated by EO 9614 of Sept. 14, 1945.

War Labor Board, National See Defense Mediation War Relations, Agricultural, Office for See Farm Board, National Products, Division of

War Manpower Commission Established in Office War Relief Agencies, President’s Committee for Emergency Management by EO 9139 of Apr. 18, on Established by Presidential letter of Mar. 1942. Terminated by EO 9617 of Sept. 19, 1945, 13, 1941. President’s War Relief Control Board and functions, except Procurement and Assignment established by EO 9205 of July 25, 1942, to succeed Service, transferred to the Department of Labor. Committee. Board terminated by EO 9723 of May 14, 1946, and functions transferred to the Department War Mobilization, Office of Established by EO of State. 9347 of May 27, 1943. Transferred to Office of War Mobilization and Reconversion by EO 9488 of Oct. War Relief Control Board, President’s See 3, 1944. President’s Committee on War Relief Agencies

War Mobilization and Reconversion, Office War Relocation Authority Established in Office of Established by act of Oct. 3, 1944 (58 Stat. for Emergency Management by EO 9102 of Mar. 18, 785). Consolidated with other agencies by EO 9809 1942. Transferred to the Department of the Interior by of Dec. 12, 1946, to form Office of Temporary EO 9423 of Feb. 16, 1944. Terminated by EO 9742 of Controls. Media Programming Division and Motion June 25, 1946. Picture Division transferred to Office of Government Reports, reestablished by same order. Certain other War Resources Board Established in August 1939 functions transferred to President and the Secretary of as advisory committee to work with Joint Army and Commerce. Navy Munitions Board. Terminated by President Nov. 24, 1939. War Mobilization and Reconversion Advisory Board, Office of Established by act of Oct. 3, 1944 War Resources Council See Defense Resources (58 Stat. 788). Transferred to Office of Temporary Committee Controls by EO 9809 of Dec. 12, 1946. War Shipping Administration Established in Office War Plants Corporation, Smaller Established by act for Emergency Management by EO 9054 Feb. 7, of June 11, 1942 (56 Stat. 351). Functions transferred 1942. Terminated by act of July 8, 1946 (60 Stat. by EO 9665 of Dec. 27, 1945, to Reconstruction 501), and functions transferred to U.S. Maritime Finance Corporation and the Department of Commission, effective Sept. 1, 1946. Commerce. Abolished by act of June 30, 1947 (61 Stat. 202), and functions transferred for liquidation to Water, Office of Saline Established to perform General Services Administration by Reorg. Plan No. 1 functions vested in the Secretary of the Interior by act of 1957, effective July 1, 1957. of July 29, 1971 (85 Stat. 159). Merged with Office of Water Resources Research to form Office of Water War and Post War Adjustment Policies, Advisory Research and Technology by Secretary’s Order 2966 Unit on Established in Office of War Mobilization of July 26, 1974. by Presidential direction Nov. 6, 1943. Report submitted Feb. 15, 1944, and Unit Director and Water Commission, National Established by act of Assistant Director submitted letter to Director of War Sept. 26, 1968 (82 Stat. 868). Terminated Sept. 25, Mobilization ending their work May 12, 1944. 1973, pursuant to terms of act.

War Production Board Established in Office for Water Policy, Office of Established by Department Emergency Management by EO 9024 of Jan. 16, of the Interior Manual Release 2374 of Dec. 29, 1942. Board terminated and successor agency, 1981, under authority of Assistant Secretary. History of Agency Organizational Changes 615

Abolished by Secretarial Order No. 3096 of Oct. 19, Seed Strategies, Office of Justice Programs, within the 1983, and functions transferred to Geological Survey Department of Justice. and Office of Policy Analysis. Weights and Measures, Office of Water Pollution Control Administration, Standard Renamed National Bureau of Standards Federal Established under the Secretary of Health, by act of Mar. 3, 1901 (31 Stat. 1449). Bureau Education, and Welfare by act of Oct. 2, 1965 (79 transferred from the Department of the Treasury to Stat. 903). Transferred to the Department of the the Department of Commerce and Labor by act of Interior by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1966, effective Feb. 14, 1903 (32 Stat. 825). Bureau established May 10, 1966. Renamed Federal Water Quality within the Department of Commerce by act of Mar. Administration by act of Apr. 3, 1970. Abolished by 4, 1913 (37 Stat. 736). Renamed National Institute of Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1970, effective Dec. 2, 1970, Standards and Technology by act of Aug. 23, 1988 and functions transferred to Environmental Protection (102 Stat. 1827). Agency. Welfare Administration Established by the Secretary Water and Power Resources Service Renamed of Health, Education, and Welfare reorganization Bureau of Reclamation May 18, 1981, by Interior of Jan. 28, 1963. Components consisted of Bureau Secretarial Order 3064. of Family Services, Children’s Bureau, Office of Juvenile Delinquency and Youth Development, and Water Quality Administration, Federal See Water Cuban Refugee Staff. These functions reassigned to Pollution Control Administration, Federal Water Social and Rehabilitation Service by Department reorganization of Aug. 15, 1967. Research and Technology, Office of Established by Interior Secretarial Order 2966 of July 26, 1974. White House Police Force See Secret Service Abolished by Secretarial order of Aug. 25, 1982, Division and functions transferred to Bureau of Reclamation, Geological Survey, and Office of Water Policy. Wilson Memorial Commission, Woodrow Established by act of Oct. 4, 1961 (75 Water Resources Council Established by act of July Stat. 783). Terminated on submittal of final report to 22, 1965 (89 Stat 575). Inactive as of Oct. 1, 1982. President and Congress Sept. 29, 1966.

Water Resources Research, Office of Established Women, Interdepartmental Committee on the to perform functions vested in the Secretary of the Status of Established by EO 11126 of Nov. 1, 1963. Interior by act of July 17, 1964 (78 Stat. 329). Merged Terminated by EO 12050 of Apr. 4, 1978. with Office of Saline Water to form Office of Water Research and Technology by Secretary’s Order 2966 Women, President’s Commission on the Status of July 26, 1974. of Established by EO 10980 of Dec. 14, 1961. Submitted final report to President Oct. 11, 1963. Watergate Special Prosecution Force Established by Attorney General order, effective May 25, 1973. Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps Established by Terminated by Attorney General order, effective June act of May 14, 1942 (56 Stat. 278). Repealed in part 20, 1977. and superseded by act of July 1, 1943 (57 Stat. 371), which established Women’s Army Corps. Corps Waterways Corporation, Inland Incorporated abolished by the Secretary of Defense Apr. 24, 1978, under act of June 3, 1924 (43 Stat. 360). Transferred pursuant to provisions of 10 U.S.C. 125A. from the Department of War to the Department of Commerce by Reorg. Plan No. II of 1939, effective Women’s Business Enterprise Division Renamed July 1, 1939. Corporation sold to Federal Waterways Office of Women’s Business Enterprise by Small Corporation under contract of July 24, 1953. Business Administrator’s reorganization, effective Renamed Federal Barge Lines, Inc. Liquidated by act Aug. 19, 1981. Renamed Office of Women’s Business of July 19, 1963 (77 Stat. 81). Ownership Aug. 19, 1982.

Weather Bureau Established in the Department Women’s Reserve Established in U.S. Coast Guard of Agriculture by act of Oct. 1, 1890 (26 Stat. 653). by act of Nov. 23, 1942 (56 Stat. 1020). Transferred to the Department of Commerce by Reorg. Plan No. IV of 1940, effective June 30, 1940. Women’s Year, 1975, National Commission on the Functions transferred to Environmental Science Observance of International Established by EO Services Administration by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 11832 of Jan. 9, 1975. Continued by act of Dec. 23, 1965, effective July 13, 1965. 1975 (89 Stat. 1003). Terminated Mar. 31, 1978, pursuant to terms of act. Weather Control, Advisory Committee on Established by act of Aug. 13, 1953 (67 Stat. Wood Utilization, National Committee 559). Act of Aug. 28, 1957 (71 Stat. 426), provided on Established by Presidential direction in 1925. for termination by Dec. 31, 1957. Abolished by EO 6179–B of June 16, 1933.

Weed and Seed, Executive Office of Abolished Work Projects Administration See Works Progress by Public Law 109–162 of Jan. 5, 2006 (119 Stat. Administration 3107). Functions transferred to Office of Weed and 616 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Work-Training Programs, Bureau of Abolished yearly emergency relief appropriation acts. Renamed by reorganization of Manpower Administration and Work Projects Administration by Reorg. Plan No. I functions assigned to U.S. Training and Employment of 1939, effective July 1, 1939, which provided for Service, effective Mar. 17, 1969. consolidation of Works Progress Administration into Federal Works Agency. Transferred by President to Working Group on Streamlining Paperwork for Federal Works Administrator Dec. 4, 1942. Executive Nominations Established by act of Aug. 10, 2012 (126 Stat. 1292). Terminated July 7, 2013, Works, Special Board of Public See Land Program, pursuant to terms of act. Director of

Working Life, Productivity and Quality of, National Yards and Docks, Bureau of Established by acts of Center for Established by act of Nov. 28, 1975 Aug. 31, 1842 (5 Stat. 579), and July 5, 1862 (12 Stat. (89 Stat. 935). Authorized appropriations expired 510). Abolished by Department of Defense reorg. Sept. 30, 1978, and functions assumed by National order of Mar. 9, 1966, and functions transferred to Productivity Council. the Secretary of the Navy (31 FR 7188).

Works, Advisory Committee on Federal Youth Administration, National Established in Public Established by President Oct. 5, 1955. Works Progress Administration by EO 7086 of June Abolished by President Mar. 12, 1961, and functions 26, 1935. Transferred to Federal Security Agency by assigned to Bureau of the Budget. Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. Transferred to Bureau of Training, War Manpower Works Administration, Federal Civil Established by Commission, by EO 9247 of Sept. 17, 1942. EO 6420–B of Nov. 9, 1933. Function of employment Terminated by act of July 12, 1943 (57 Stat. 539). expired March 1934. Function of settling claims continued under Works Progress Administration. Youth Crime, President’s Committee on Juvenile Delinquency and Established by EO 10940 of May Works Administration, Public See Emergency 11, 1961. Terminated by EO 11529 of Apr. 24, 1970. Administration of Public Works, Federal Youth Fitness, President’s Council on Established Works Agency, Federal Established by Reorg. Plan by EO 10673 of July 16, 1956. Renamed President’s No. I of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. Functions Council on Physical Fitness by EO 11074 of Jan. relating to defense housing transferred to Federal 8, 1963. Renamed President’s Council on Physical Public Housing Authority, National Housing Agency, Fitness and Sports by EO 11398 of Mar. 4, 1968. by EO 9070 of Feb. 24, 1942. Abolished by act Abolished and reestablished by EO 13265 of June of June 30, 1949 (63 Stat. 380), and functions 6, 2002. Renamed President’s Council on Fitness, transferred to General Services Administration. Sports, and Nutrition by EO 13545 of June 22, 2010. Works Emergency Housing Corporation, Public Established by EO 6470 of Nov. 29, 1933. Youth Opportunity, President’s Council Incorporated under laws of State of Delaware. on Established by EO 11330 of Mar. 5, 1967. Abolished and liquidated as of Aug. 14, 1935, by Inactive as of June 30, 1971; EO 11330 revoked by filing of certificate of surrender of corporate rights. EO 12379 of Aug. 17, 1982.

Works Emergency Leasing Corporation, Youth Programs, Office of Established in the Public Incorporated Jan. 3, 1934, under laws of Department of the Interior by Secretarial Order Delaware by direction of Administrator of Public No. 2985 of Jan. 7, 1965. Functions moved to Works. Terminated with filed certificate of dissolution Office of Historically Black College and University with secretary of state of Delaware Jan. 2, 1935. Programs and Job Corps, Office of the Secretary, by Departmental Manual Release 2788 of Mar. 22, Works Progress Administration Established by EO 1988. 7034 of May 6, 1935, and continued by subsequent