— Historiae Scritti Per Gherardo Ortalli

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— Historiae Scritti Per Gherardo Ortalli Studi di Storia 1 — AZZARA, ORLANDO, POZZA, RIZZI Historiae Scritti per Gherardo Ortalli a cura di Claudio Azzara, Ermanno Orlando, Marco Pozza e Alessandra Rizzi Edizioni Ca’Foscari 1 STUDI DI STORIA Studi di storia Coordinatori Alberto Masoero (Università Ca’ Foscari, Venezia) Anna Rapetti (Università Ca’ Foscari, Venezia) Comitato scientifico Claus Arnold (Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt-am-Main) Marina Caffiero (Università La Sapienza, Roma) Giovanni Filoramo (Università degli Studi, Torino) Marco Fincardi (Università Ca’ Foscari, Venezia) Stefano Gasparri (Università Ca’ Foscari, Venezia) Mario Infelise (Università Ca’ Foscari, Venezia) Vincenzo Lavenia (Università degli Studi, Macerata) Simon Levis Sullam (Università Ca’ Foscari, Venezia) Adelisa Malena (Università Ca’ Foscari, Venezia) Rolf Petri (Università Ca’ Foscari, Venezia) Giorgio Politi (Università Ca’ Foscari, Venezia) Silvio Pons (Università degli Studi «Tor Vergata», Roma) Antonella Salomoni (Università della Calabria) Enzo Traverso (Cornell University, Ithaca) Giovanni Vian (Università Ca’ Foscari, Venezia) Chris Wickham (All Souls College, University of Oxford) Historiae Scritti per Gherardo Ortalli a cura di Claudio Azzara, Ermanno Orlando Marco Pozza e Alessandra Rizzi © 2013 Edizioni Ca’ Foscari – Digital Publishing Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia Dorsoduro 1686 30123 Venezia edizionicafoscari.unive.it Stampato nel mese di ottobre del 2013 da text Stampa digitale di Vigorovea (pd) isbn 978-88-97735-39-7 9 Prefazione 11 Pene «infamanti» nelle leggi dei Longobardi Claudio Azzara 23 Le nebulose delle origini. A proposito dei miti di fondazione monastici Flavia De Rubeis 34 L’economia del dono. Scambio e competizione nell’Italia longobarda dell’viii secolo Stefano Gasparri 49 Il testamento del vescovo Orso (853 febbraio): un documento genuino o falsificato? Marco Pozza 60 Paesaggi culturali e cultura del lupo Gianluca Ligi 72 Graffiti medievali in grotte pugliesi Carlo Tedeschi 87 Strategie signorili e strutture di potere in una donazione cluniacense del 1115 Federico Pigozzo 99 Sant’Ubaldo, Salvore, San Marco. Il mito di Venezia nella Legenda Aurea di Nicolò Manerbi Carlo Campana 115 Confini, conflitti e monasteri tra Milano e Pavia Anna Rapetti 126 Il ruolo delle masnade nella formazione di una signoria fondiaria friulana alla metà del Duecento Luigi Zanin 138 Sulla statutaria in volgare. A proposito del Costituto senese del 1309-1310 Attilio Bartoli Langeli 150 Violenza carnale, adulterio e comportamenti sessuali. Tutela e punibilità della donna negli statuti di Belluno Enrico Bacchetti 163 Un frammento inedito della tradizione italiana dello pseudo-aristotelico Secretum secretorum Ornella Pittarello 171 Corone e mitrie infamanti nelle pratiche giudiziarie bassomedievali. Brevi spunti a partire dal caso veneziano Ermanno Orlando 181 Gesta dalla guerra veneto-turca di Morea (1467-1469) Alessio Sopracasa 199 Verba picta: un esempio lombardo-veneto di iscrizione volgare ad affresco (Clusone, 1525) Reinhold C. Mueller 209 Oltre il documento. L’assassinio di Michael Gaismair e le fantasie degli storici Giorgio Politi 218 «Volentes pro meliori… providere… super ludo»: provvedimenti sul gioco per i territori veneziani (secoli xiii-xvi). Ricognizioni preliminari Alessandra Rizzi 237 Tassare e pagare le tasse tra Medioevo e prima età moderna Luciano Pezzolo 252 Paesaggi di belle contrade. Il territorio vicentino e l’immaginario umanistico Francesco Vallerani 266 Sarpi, medievista a suo modo Gino Benzoni 279 Scipione Maffei e il Medioevo Paolo Ulvioni 295 Tra letteratura e storia. Goldoni, Venezia e la questione feudale Sergio Zamperetti 302 Vedo e non vedo. Il Quarantotto di Napoleone Nani alla Querini Mario Isnenghi 313 Una fabbrica di maschere Marco Fincardi 325 L’irruzione dei sentimenti nel canto popolare. Un capitolo di storia sociale del matrimonio Glauco Sanga 340 La propaganda contro il blocco navale e la nascita del Save the Children Fund (1919-1920) Bruna Bianchi 353 L’imprenditore schumpeteriano e la storia Rolf Petri 367 Dall’antisocialismo al riserbo. «La Civiltà Cattolica» di fronte all’apertura a sinistra Giovanni Vian 379 Economia ed ecologia. Il metodo del «sistema aperto» contro la chiusura della scienza economica Michele Cangiani 391 Esplorazioni del «Continente Storia» a partire dalla biologia Maria Turchetto 401 Gli Stati Uniti: un altro tipo di storia intellettuale Malcolm Sylvers 418 La nuova geopolitica turca nel contesto del Grande Medio Oriente Alessandro Gallo 430 Pingatur in Palatio: la pubblicità legale on-line e il ritorno al Medioevo Gianni Penzo Doria Prefazione Historiae nasce dall’incontro di un gruppo di colleghi, allievi e amici riunitisi per festeggiare il lungo impegno professionale di Gherardo Or- talli, che nell’ottobre 2013 raggiungerà il quarantesimo anno di attività presso l’Università Ca’ Foscari di Venezia. Il volume raccoglie, in particolare, i contributi di quanti hanno con- diviso con lui questo percorso, nel Dipartimento di studi storici e poi nel Dipartimento di studi umanistici di Ca’ Foscari, in omaggio alla sua intensa attività svoltasi fra compiti didattici e ricerca, fra iniziative cul- turali ed editoriali, fra collaborazioni e responsabilità istituzionali, sia all’interno dell’Ateneo veneziano che presso altri istituti e organismi italiani e internazionali. I testi coprono un ampio arco cronologico e tematico – secondo gli interessi degli autori, ma anche (per buona parte) del destinatario della raccolta –, distribuiti, partendo dall’alto Medioevo fino all’età contempo- ranea, fra storia delle istituzioni e della società, della cultura e dell’im- pegno sociale, fra iconografia e indagine filologica, fra antropologia e ambiente. Un sentito ringraziamento a quanti hanno voluto aderire a questa iniziativa e agli amici e colleghi di altri atenei e istituti che non hanno potuto prendervi parte, ma che l’hanno comunque favorevolmente ac- colta e sostenuta. Confidiamo, tuttavia, che questo omaggio sia gradito, almeno per l’intenzione che l’ha mosso, soprattutto al suo destinatario, certi che non stiamo festeggiando un traguardo, ma l’avvio di una nuova stagione d’impegni e progetti. Crediamo di interpretare la volontà di tutti nel fargli, per questo, mol- tissimi auguri. Venezia, luglio 2013 9 Pene «infamanti» nelle leggi dei Longobardi Claudio Azzara Nel diritto penale codificato dei Longobardi la pena prevista per i colpevoli della quasi totalità dei reati era, com’è noto, il pagamento di una composizione, vale a dire di una somma d’indennizzo che il reo do- veva versare alla vittima fondata sul principio che ogni individuo aveva una propria valutazione economica, il guidrigildo (wergild). Questo si computava in ragione del livello sociale del singolo, un concetto espres- so nelle leggi con il vocabolo longobardo angargathungi, ma anche con quelli latini (usati come equivalenti) di generositas, nobilitas, qualitas, natio. Nel caso dei soggetti non liberi, fossero essi schiavi (servi) oppu- re semiliberi (aldi), il calcolo, a parità di status, veniva effettuato sulla scorta di criteri in qualche misura oggettivi, tenendo cioè conto del genere di lavoro svolto dall’interessato, della sua abilità professionale ed esperienza, della sua età e così via.1 1. Sul diritto penale dei Longobardi si rinvia, nello specifico, soprattutto a G. Salvioli, Storia della procedura civile e criminale, in P. Del Giudice (a cura di), Storia del diritto italiano, iii, 1, Milano, Hoepli, 1925. In generale sulle leggi longobarde, tra la copiosissima bibliografia disponibile, vedi almeno F. Schupfer, Delle istituzioni politiche longobardiche libri due, Firenze, Felice Le Monnier, 1863; A. Pertile, Storia del diritto italiano dalla ca- duta dell’Impero Romano alla codificazione, i-iv, Padova, Stabilimento Tipografico Fratelli Salmin, 1873-1887; E. Besta, Fonti del diritto italiano dalla caduta dell’Impero romano sino ai tempi nostri, Padova, Cedam, 1938; F. Calasso, Medioevo del diritto, i, Le fonti, Milano, A. Giuffrè Editore, 1954; E. Cortese, Il diritto nella storia medievale, i, L’alto Medioevo, Roma, Il Cigno Galileo Galilei, 1995; A. Padoa Schioppa, Il diritto nella storia d’Europa. Il Medioevo, 1, Padova, Cedam, 1995. Le leggi dei Longobardi sono consultabili in due moder- ne edizioni critiche: Leges Langobardorum, a cura di F. Bluhme, in Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Leges, iv, Hannoverae, impensis Bibliopolii aulici Hahniani, 1868; e Leges Lango- bardorum 643-866, a cura di F. Beyerle, Weimar, H. Bohlaus, 1947. Nel presente contributo si citerà dalla versione italiana con testo latino a fronte, frutto di una collazione fra le due edizioni citate e di un parziale emendamento delle stesse: Le leggi dei Longobardi. Storia, memoria e diritto di un popolo germanico, a cura di C. Azzara, S. Gasparri, Roma, Viella, 2005. Per le citazioni dei singoli titoli di legge si adotterà il criterio di indicare il nome del re sotto il quale ciascun titolo è rubricato e la numerazione progressiva d’uso corrente. 11 studi di storia historiae. scritti per gherardo ortalli L’istituto della composizione era stato introdotto in modo progressivo nel tempo, e non senza incontrare vive resistenze nel corpo della società longobarda, per sostituire il più antico uso, ben radicato nella cultura tradizionale della tribù, della faida, cioè della vendetta privata, di san- gue, che la vittima di un reato e i suoi parenti potevano legittimamente esercitare sul colpevole o sulla sua famiglia. Alla faida prendevano parte, dunque, interi gruppi
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