Mycological Linkages Between Renewable Energy and Agriculture
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Mycological linkages between renewable energy and agriculture 1st Arab-American Frontiers of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine Symposium Kuwait City 17-19 October 2011 Scott E. Baker Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington USA [email protected] Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 2 The world view of a mycologist… From Introductory Mycology, 4th Edition by Alexopoulos, Mims and Blackwell Filamentous fungi inside the Bio-refinery Bio-refinery Fungal Simple Fungal fermentation fermentation sugars and catalysis and catalysis Complex biomass: Products: Fuels Agricultural products and and chemicals “waste” 4 Biofuels of the future: DOE is moving from Ethanol to Hydrocarbon Biofuels Ethanol or Pretreatment higher and Hydrolysis alcohols Biological Pathways: Biochemical Hydrocarbon 1.Fatty acid Biofuel 2.Polyketide Thermochem 3.Isoprenoid Issues •Moving primary metabolites into secondary metabolites •Disrupting primary metabolism for secretion of compounds Organic acids as commodity chemicals – The “Top 10”Report 6 http://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/pdfs/35523.pdf Filamentous fungi are foundational organisms for the biorefinery PNNL Fungal Biotechnology Research Program Bioconversion Strain discovery Enzymes Why filamentous fungi? & optimization Digest biomass Utilize C5 and C6 sugars Grow at low pH Produce enzymes & Filamentous organic acids fungi Can produce ethanol Molecular tools available Genome sequences available Chemicals Strain discovery Advanced & optimization Biofuels Fungal relevance to DOE bioenergy and carbon cycle mission areas CO2 •Beneficial mycorrhizal associations •Detrimental plant pathogens Biomass feedstock Fungi •Biomass deconstruction enzymes •Metabolic pathways to fuels and chemicals Biofuels and bioproducts Why Fungal Genomics? Genome sequence paints a high level picture of organism biology Genome sequence is a platform for discovery Genome sequence enables other high throughput discovery tools (proteomics, transcriptomics, etc) A genome project can unite/revive a research community Tremendous metabolic and enzymatic diversity still undiscovered 9 The current state of fungal genomics JGI Genomes/Genomes Ascomycota 18/242 ØThere is a heavy taxonomic bias toward Basidiomycota 19/37 ascomycetes and basidiomycetes Glomerulomycota 1/1 Zygomycota 3/5 Blastocladiomycota 0/1 Chytridiomycota 3/5 Neocallimastigomycota 2/2 Microsporidia 0/6 What do we get from a genome sequence? >scaffold00114 length=153150 AATAGATGGTATTTATAATAATAATAATAaTGAATAATGAATAATGTATAATTATAATAA NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TTTATTTTttATtAATAATATGTATATTTATTTGTTATAAATATATTTTATCATATAAAa TAATTATCATTAAGATTATCATTAGATTGGTTATTTATCATACCATGTAAACAATCCTTA NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TATAATATAATATTGATTGAATATTTTTTTTttAGTtGGATAAATTGTATTTTTAATTGA TAAACAAATAATAATTCACGAATATTTTtATTAATATTATTTTtAGTAATAATAGTGTAT NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ATTAGTTTTTGAATTAATTATTAATTTAAATTATCAAATAATATTGTTTtATAATATTAA TGATTTTTAAACTTAATAATGAATATATTATTGAGTAATATTTATCTATGAAATTATTTT NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CAATTAACAATTTCATTAATATATAAATTCAATATCAGTATTTTATTTtATTAGAAATAT tGGAATTTTGATGATTTTCATCTATTAATAATACAATTTTtCTTTTATATACTTTGTTTA NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN GAATTATTTtATTTATTTTTttAATtGTCAATAATAACTGGAAAAaTATAACAGAGTATA ATGTTTGACATAAAAAaCTAATTGATTTAGGAAAATTAGAAGAAGAAGCATTACCATTTT NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ATAGAATTAGAAATTAGTTGATTtGTTAATATTTtACAGAATGTTCATTATATATTGTAT CATATTTTTtCCATTTCTCTTTTCCATTTTTtATTGAAATTCCGAACTCTGAATAATAAT NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ATATAAAGATATTGACATTTGACTACATAATCATTGATAAAATAATTTTAAAAaTAATTT TATATAAATTTTGAATAAATTCPhenoTTTAAAATTATCTATAGTTTtCypeATCGTATTTTTTtATAT NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNGenesTCTTCCGGGAAATTTACTAATTTTtATTGCATTGAAaTAATATAATATAAAGATATTTTG TGTAATATTATCAAAATCAAGATATACAACTGGAAATTGACCTTGATAAAGGTCAATATA NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TATTTTTtCATTTTCAAAATAAATTGATTAGGGTGAATTATATATTTGTTTTtCCTTTCA ATTTTGGTTGTTTTtCTTTtCTTTTGATATATTTAACTTTTtAAAAAGTTCACGGTTTTt NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TATTCGAGTTTTATGGATAAAAATGTTTTtAAtttttttttttttttaTTTTTNNNNNNN ACGTTTTTTCGTTTTCATAATCCATTTCGAAAATATATTTCATCATAGTTATATTGACAG NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TCTTTCCGTAATGTGTAGGTCTAGTAACGCATATAATGTCCGAAATATCTTCTATAAATT NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CTTTAATTATTAACGATTTATCTATAAAGAACATCGAACAAAAGAAATTATTTATTAATT NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CGTCATTTCTAAAAGTTCGTCTTTTTtGTTACTAGATCTTAGAATCGAGAGTTGAAATAT NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TTCTTCGAATAAACGTTTCATTTTtGGTTtATTCTTTtGCGTATTATTATTATTTTTTtt NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ATTTGTTTTtAAAAaGTATAAAAaTGTaTTTGTTAATCTTTTtAAAAATATTCATTTTAC NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNTAAATTAAaGAGATACATA NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TCCTATTTAtACTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTtttaGTTTTTtAAAataGACAGTGTGGACAGA GCCAGTTCCGTGACtAAGTTTtACAATCTCTACAATTTtCACATCTTAAAAaTTTTATTt NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN AaTAATAATAaCAATAaTAATAATAAAAAAAaaTAAaTAAaTAAAAaTTTtAATtAaTAT ATTATTATAATGATAAAaaTAAAAAAAaaTATAATTATATAAAaTAAATAATAGTATATA NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CTtCATCAATTCTATTATTTTTATGATNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN AATTAGTCAGTTAACAATTTATTATTATATATAATTATTTGCTAAGATTTTtCTAGGAAG NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN AGAAACAAACGTCGTATAAATATTTATTATTTATTATTTATAATATATATTTACCTAACA NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TTAGCTGCTTGACTATGTGGTTTAGCTGACTTCTTTTTATGTTTGAAACCGAGACCTTGG NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CATGAAGTACATATCGTTTGGGCTTGAGCTGCATAGCCATAAGGCATAACTGGTGTAACT NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNAaTTAA NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN GGAGTAGCTACTGGTGTGGTTATTGGAGTTGCTACTGGTGAAGCGGTATAAGTATATGGC ATATATATATATATTTAAtAAATttATAATATTCATTTGTCATTAGCATTATTTTtATAT NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ATATACATGACTGGTTGATAAAGGGACATTTGTTGCATTTGCATTTGCATTTGTTGCATT AATATATTACCTTTCCATCATTCTTATTTTtCCTTCTAATTCTTGAATTTGATAAACATA NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TGTTGCATTTGTTGTAATTGTTGTATTTGTTGCATCTGCTGCATTTGCTGCATTTGTATT ACTTCTAGCTTCATTTTCTTTAAGCGATAACTGTTTTTGAAGAGTAGTAATCtAAATTTT NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNGenesNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TGTTTGACTTGTTGTTCTTGTTGAAGTTTTTGTTGTTGAGCAATTTGTTGTTPhenoCCATCAAT TTtCTTTGTTCTTTtATATATTAypeTTAAAAaTTATTAAATATAATTATAAAATTAATGTTTt NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TGTTGAGCTTGACTTTGTTCAAGTCTTTGTTGAAGATGTTCTTGAACTATTAATTGTTCT ATACTTTtATTATTTTtATTATTATTATTAAAAATATAATATTTAAAATATACTTGGGTT NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TGTTGTTTTtCCTGTTCTTTTtCTAATAATTTTtGATAGTGTTGACTTGATAATTGGAAA TGTTTTtGTTCCGGATCTTCATCATTAGTTTTAGTGAGATTCATAAAGGTTTCATAAGTT NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TTCTTATGTGTGGGTGGAGTTAATTGAACATTTATGGTTTCTTTTGATGGCGGTGAGTAG AAAGGATCACCATTTTtAATTAATTTtCCGGTTTCATCTAATATATTATTCTTTTCAGAA NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN AGACTATGATCTGTTTTTtGTGAAATAATTGAATTTCTATAACTTTCTTTAGATTTAGTA AGTTCAGAATTCAAAGCAGATATTTTTtCTTCATAGGAATCAATTTtCTTTTGATAATCG NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN GGGTCGATAACACCATATCCACCACAAACTATAATTACATTTTtAAAAATtATTTTGAGA TCAATATATATTTGATGTTGAATACACAAACTATCTATTTCATATTGTTTTtCTGCAACT NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TAATAAATAATAaTtAAAAaaAAAAAAAAaaGTaTAAGAATCAATATATATAATTATAAT ACTTGATCTTTTtCTTTTTCAAGGATTTCAATTTTTtCCATGGTATTTAATTCTTGTAAT NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TTTAATTATTAATTTTTATCATAATTATAAATAATCCTTGATTATCCTTGATTATATGAT TGTTTATCTCTAGTTAATTTTtCTATTTGAGTATTCAATTTATCAATATTTTCTTGTAAG NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TATTTACCTGGACAATCTTTACAATGGAAACATCTCATGGTACTTGGTGTTACATTATGA GCTTTTtCTTCTGTTTTATCTTTTATCTTTTCATTTAATTCTTTTATTTTAATTTGTAAT NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ACATATTTTGAATTTGGAGGATGATACCAACCCTTTGCTATTTATTTTATATTATTAATT TGAGTAATTTCTAATGATTTTtCCTGTAAAATCTAAATATATATATTTCATAAAGGTGAT NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN AATATAAATAAAACGGAATAATATTTTTTATATGGCTTTATTTTtATATAAAATTGTTAA ATTTTAATAAATGAAATATAATATATTGCAATACTACATCAAAAAAaTATTAATATATTT NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ATTATTGAAATAAATTTACATACCACTACAATGTGTACAAGCTTGTTTTCCTACAATAAT ATTAAGATTTAATTACCGTTtCCTTTtCTATCTTTAACATATTCTCCTTCTCATAATCAA NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ACCAGCACCTGCACATACTGTTACATTTAAAATAATGGTAATGGAAAAaGAATATAATTA TCTTAAGTGAACTAATTTCTTGTTCCATTTTCTGTTTGAAATTTTTATAATAGTTATTAG NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ATTTTTTTTtCTTATTATACAAATATACAATAATTACACACACAAAATATATATATATAG AATAGTTTATATATGAAAAAAAaAAAAAATtAAcaTtAATATATAtAtaCTCNNNNNNNN