To View Export-Oriented Production Systems As More Important Than Supply Domestic Demands
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JOURNAL OF GLOBAL RESEARCH & ANALYSIS [A Bi-Annual (June & December) Multi-Disciplinary Refereed Research Journal] E-mail: [email protected] ISSN-2278-6775 PATRON EDITOR Mr. NISHANT BANSAL DR. PARDEEP KUMAR Vice Chairman, Geeta Group of Institutions Associate Professor, Dept. of Political Science, Karhans, Samalkha, Panipat Geeta Institute of Law, Karhans, Samalkha, Panipat EDITORIAL BOARD Prof. (Dr.) R. S. Yadav Prof. (Dr.) Ranbir Singh Department of Political Science Vice-Chancellor, National Law University, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India Dwarka, Delhi, India Prof.( Dr.) Chintamani Mahaparta Prof. (Dr.) V.K. Aggarwal American Studies Center, SIS Vice-Chancellor, Jagannath University, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India Rajesthan, India Prof. (Dr.) Madhu Gupta Prof. (Dr.) Vimal Joshi Department of Education Head & Dean, Dept. of Law, B.P.S. Mahila MDU, Rohtak. India Vishwa Vidhyalaya, Khanpur Kalan, Sonipat, India Dr. Suresh Dhanda Dr. Naresh Vats Associate Professor, Dept. of Political Science, Assist. Professor, Institute of Law, S.A.Jain (PG) College, Ambala City, India Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India Mr. Rajender Kumar Dr. (Mrs.) Rajesh Hooda Ruhil Dy. Director (Economics) Assist. Professor, Department of Law, Competition Commission of India, New Delhi, India B.P.S. Mahila Vishwa vidyalaya, Sonipat, India Dr. Sewa Singh Dr. Surender Kumar Associate Prof., Deptt. of Public Admin., Assistant Professor, Deptt. Of Chemistry MDU Rohtak, India University College, Kurukshetra, India Mr. Vikramjit Singh Dr. Vinod Associate Professor,Dept. of Political Science, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Chemistry, Dayanand Postgraduate College, Hisar, India MM University, Mulana, Ambala, India Dr. K. K. Sharma Mr. Manjeet Singh Associate Professor, Dept. of History, Assistant Professor, Department of English, M. M. (PG) College, Modi Nagar, Meerut, India Dayanand Postgraduate College, Hisar, India Dr. Jagdish Gupta, Dr. Sunit Sharma, Dept. of Commerce Principal, Arya P.G. College, Panipat, Haryana, India Associate Professor, I.B. Postgraduate College, Panipat Dr. Vijay Kumar Mr. Anil Sharma Assistant Professor, Department of History, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science, Arya P.G. College, Panipat, Haryana, India Govt. Women College, Hisar, Haryana, India © K.R. Education Society, Panipat, Haryana. All rights reserved. No part of the contents may be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the publisher. Journal of Global Research & Analysis is an open forum which encourages all points of view. However, views expressed in its pages are the contributor’s own and do not represent the opinions or policies of Journal of Global Research & Analysis. PUBLISHED BY PRINTED AT K.R. Education Society Sidhi Vinayak Printers H. No. 547, Huda Sec-11 # Sanoli Road, Panipat Panipat, Haryana. Haryana E-mail: [email protected] Annual Subscription-Rs. 1000/- Single Copy-Rs. 550/- Bank Draft drawn in favour of K.R. Education Society and Payable at Panipat may be sent to the following address: The Editor (Dr. Pardeep Kumar), Journal of Global Research & Analysis, Geeta Institute of Law, Karhans, Samalkha, Panipat-132103 (Haryana), M: 09466767848 Journal of Global Research & Analysis VOLUME 1 (2) (A Multi-Disciplinary Refereed Research Journal) ISSN – 2278-6775 Vol. 1 No. 2 December 2012 CONTENTS 1. Conventional War Under Nuclear Shadow 1-10 Suresh Dhanda 2. Strategic Dimension: An Area of Convergence between India and ASEAN 11-17 Jyoti Singh 3. India and Southeast Asia 18-34 Suresh Dhanda and Pardeep Kumar 4. Government Attitude Towards Press During the Civil Disobedience 35-42 Mahender Singh 5. Honour Killing: A Condition of Fear Psychosis 43-46 Vikramjit Singh 6. Environmental Consciousness through Literature 47-50 Suresh Kumar 7. Fiction and Truth 51-56 Manjeet Singh 8. Factors Affecting E-Commerce Adoption in Retail Sector: A Review 57-65 Ravinder Pal and Anil Khurana 9. Factors Affecting Performance of Regional Rural Banks in India 66-71 Vinod Kumar 10. Factors Affecting Adoption of Internet Banking 72-84 Pooja Jain 11. Impact of Foreign Direct Investment in India in terms of Spillovers 85-91 Ashish Gupta 12. Environmental Implications of E-Commerce-A Review 92-97 Ravinder Pal 13. A Study Of Weak, Semi-Strong And Strong Forms of Market Efficiency 98-105 Jai Prakash 14. India's Look East Policy: Challenges and Opportunities 106-113 Jyoti 15. India Malaysia Relations Since 1990s 114-125 Pardeep Kumar 16. Sustainable Development of Indian Agriculture 126-132 Priya Book Review: 133 Journal of Global Research & Analysis VOLUME 1 (2) (A Multi-Disciplinary Refereed Research Journal) ISSN – 2278-6775 CONVENTIONAL WAR UNDER NUCLEAR SHADOW INDIA-PAKISTAN SCENARIO Dr. Suresh Dhanda Associate Professor, Department of Political Science S. A. Jain College, Ambala, Haryana, India ABSTRACT India and Pakistan, the two countries of South Asia, have been involved in constant conflict since their independence. This confrontation became especially dangerous after 1998, when both the countries conducted a series of nuclear tests and showed the world their ability to build nuclear weapons. They have fought three full-scale wars in 1948, 1965 and 1971, and one limited war at Kargil in 1999. The occurrence of border skirmishes and terrorist attacks are also very common in their bilateral relations. As long as the relations between the two remain hostile, and suspicion exists, prevention of conventional conflict is a difficult task. This conventional conflict, at any level----full scale or limited, carry the potential for escalation from one level to another and then ultimately to the prospects of nuclear exchange. And the terrorist activities have more potential in this direction. This paper attempts to enquire into the circumstances between India and Pakistan which may lead to inadvertent escalation or compel the leaders to think seriously about the use of nuclear option during the conventional war. The paper analyses all the three scenarios of conventional war------all-out, limited and cold start. Key Words: All Out Conventional War, Limited War, Cold Start Doctrine, South Asia, Nuclear Escalation. India and Pakistan are trapped in an antagonism that has changed very little since their independence in 1947. What makes their relationship unique among inter-state rivalries is that the terms of their disputes and the accompanying images remain largely fixed. Perceptions that are steeped in history and the emotional trauma of partition often matter far more than any objective reality that involves valid estimates of real and present danger. Perceptions often become self-fulfilling. Opinions in Pakistan widely hold that India is intent upon undermining and humiliating Pakistan, and would, if it could, reabsorb all of the sub-continent‘s Muslims. Indians feel that Pakistan is fanatical in its determination to repay India for past defeats, including the loss of East Pakistan, and would like to seize Kashmir in a proxy war. Authorities in New Delhi also view Pakistan as responsible for making efforts to set Islamic World against India, in order to create a hostile political, military and economic bloc. In turn, Pakistan points to what it sees as evidence of India‘s hegemonic ambitions and expansionism at the expense of all its smaller neighbours. The failure of India and Pakistan to create confidence building measures (CBMs) and a normalization of relations reflect prevailing high degree of mistrust and reveal the existence of suspicions between them. Thus, both the countries are locked into an increasingly expensive political and military competition that 1 Journal of Global Research & Analysis VOLUME 1 (2) (A Multi-Disciplinary Refereed Research Journal) ISSN – 2278-6775 ignores the opportunity of utilizing the scarce resources for welfare purposes. The perpetual cold war between India and Pakistan has turned into full-scale hot wars in 1948, 1965 and 1971. Besides these full-scale wars, they have indulged once in a limited confrontation at Kargil in 1999. During all the three full-scale wars neither India nor Pakistan was having any missile or nuclear capability, but now the situation is not only different, but also dangerous. Both are now nuclear weapon states after the successful nuclear tests of 1998. These tests have led to a new strategic situation that is bound to have long-lasting implications for both the countries of South Asia in particular and for the international community in general.1 Unlike in the past, any future war between the two countries, no matter howsoever limited it might be, will have the potential to escalate into a full-scale nuclear war in the light of the changed strategic environment.2 In any future crisis between India and Pakistan, factors like incorrect reading of the adversary‘s intensions, inaccurate assessment of political objectives, poor intelligence about combat strengths, unexpected conventional attack by either side, and nuclear accidents are likely to play role as major sources of conflict escalation. Moreover, since 2001 both the countries have accelerated their missile programmes, which is likely to have grave implications not only at the regional level but also at global level.3 Though the ―bolt out of the blue‖ nuclear attack seems implausible between India and Pakistan but there are three levels of conventional conflict that recent events make entirely plausible which could sow the seeds of nuclear escalation (i) an all out conventional war