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The Role of Fifa and Caf in Using Football to Promote Peace in Africa

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The Role of Fifa and Caf in Using Football to Promote Peace in Africa University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh THE ROLE OF FIFA AND CAF IN USING FOOTBALL TO PROMOTE PEACE IN AFRICA BY ABDULLAH MOHAMMED (10426445) THIS DISSERTATION IS SUBMITED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF GHANA, LEGON, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE MASTER OF ARTS DEGREE IN INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS LEGON JULY 2018 University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh DECLARATION I, Abdullah Mohammed, hereby declare that this dissertation is entirely my work under the guidance of my supervisor, Dr. Boni Yao Gebe and except for references to other research works, publications and journals which have been duly acknowledged, this study has never been presented in part or whole for the award of any degree elsewhere. …………………………………… ………………………………... ABDULLAH MOHAMMED DR. BONI YAO GEBE (STUDENT) (SUPERVISOR) ……………………………........... ……………………………… DATE DATE i University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh DEDICATION I dedicate this study to my entire family for the support and to everyone who contributed towards its successful completion. ii University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I will like to thank the Almighty Allah for guiding me through this study successfully. I will also like to extend my sincerest appreciation to my supervisor and mentor, Dr. Boni Yao Gebe for his commitment, guidance and encouragement towards the completion of this work. Equally, I take this opportunity to express my deepest gratitude to my dad, mum and siblings whose advice and support kept me going till this age. My final appreciation goes to all my colleagues especially Ahmed Papa Asefua Duker and Dela Etse Logo for their encouragement. I am profoundly grateful to you all. iii University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AFCON Africa Cup of Nations AMPJF Association Malienne Pour la Promotion de la Jeune et de la Femme AU African Union CAF Confederation of African Football CAFF Children Associated with the Fighting Forces F4P Football for Peace FA Football Association FASA Football Association of South Africa FDC FIFA Disciplinary Code FIFA Federation of International Football FIGC Italian Football Federation GFA Ghana Football Association ICC Interim Care Centres IHL International Humanitarian Law IOC International Olympics Committee IYoAF International Year of African Football LOC Local Organizing Committee MONUC United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo MoU Memorandum of Understanding MYSA Mathare Youth Sports Association NEPAD New Partnership for Africa’s Development NGO Non- Governmental Organization RtP Right to play SADC Southern African Development Community iv University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh SDP Sports for Development and Peace UEFA Union of European Football Association UN United Nations UNAIDS United Nations programme on HIV/AIDS UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNHCR United Nations Refugee Agency UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNOSDP United Nations Office on Sports for Development and Peace WANEP West African Network for Peacebuilding WHO World Health Organization v University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION............................................................................................................................ i DEDICATION............................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................................................... iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................................... iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................ vi ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................. ix CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................... 1 1.0 Background of the Study ........................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Statement of the Research Problem ...................................................................................... 2 1.2 Research Questions ................................................................................................................. 4 1.3 Research Objectives ................................................................................................................ 4 1.4 Scope of the Study ................................................................................................................... 5 1.5 Hypothesis ................................................................................................................................ 5 1.6 Rationale of the Study ............................................................................................................ 5 1.7 Theoretical Framework .......................................................................................................... 6 1.7.1 Reconstruction .................................................................................................................... 6 1.7.2 Reconciliation..................................................................................................................... 7 1.7.3 Resolution........................................................................................................................... 7 1.8 Literature Review ................................................................................................................... 9 1.9 Clarification of Key Concepts .............................................................................................. 15 1.10 Sources of Data .................................................................................................................... 15 1.11 Research Methodology ....................................................................................................... 16 1.12 Limitations of the Study ..................................................................................................... 16 1.13 Arrangement of Chapters .................................................................................................. 17 ENDNOTES................................................................................................................................. 18 CHAPTER TWO ........................................................................................................................ 20 THE HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL FOOTBALL’S CONTRIBUTION TO PEACE 20 2.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 20 2.1 Football as a Cause of Hooliganism and War .................................................................... 21 2.2 Football as Propaganda ........................................................................................................ 25 vi University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh 2.3 Contextualizing the Negatives .............................................................................................. 28 2.4 Contribution of Football to Peace ....................................................................................... 30 2.5 Improving Diplomatic Ties .................................................................................................. 31 2.6 Reconstruction and Nation-Building................................................................................... 34 2.7 Football and Peace in Africa ................................................................................................ 35 2.8 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 40 ENDNOTES................................................................................................................................. 41 CHAPTER 3 ................................................................................................................................ 45 THE ROLE OF FIFA AND CAF IN PROMOTING PEACE USING FOOTBALL IN AFRICA ....................................................................................................................................... 45 3.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 45 3.1 Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) ............................................... 46 3.1.1 Brief Overview ................................................................................................................. 46 3.2 FIFA and Racial Discrimination in Africa ......................................................................... 47 3.3 FIFA and Peace Building ..................................................................................................... 50 3.4 FIFA’s Football Kits for Children....................................................................................... 51 3.4.1 Guinea .............................................................................................................................
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