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Creating a Healing Environment: Strategies Christian Nurses Use Jane Bacon Pfeiffer

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Creating a Healing Environment: Strategies Christian Nurses Use Jane Bacon Pfeiffer Loma Linda University TheScholarsRepository@LLU: Digital Archive of Research, Scholarship & Creative Works Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects 6-2014 Creating a Healing Environment: Strategies Christian Nurses Use Jane Bacon Pfeiffer Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd Part of the Nursing Commons Recommended Citation Pfeiffer, Jane Bacon, "Creating a Healing Environment: Strategies Christian Nurses Use" (2014). Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects. 188. http://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/188 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by TheScholarsRepository@LLU: Digital Archive of Research, Scholarship & Creative Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects by an authorized administrator of TheScholarsRepository@LLU: Digital Archive of Research, Scholarship & Creative Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LOMA LINDA UNIVERSITY School of Nursing in conjunction with the Faculty of Graduate Studies ____________________ Creating a Healing Environment: Strategies Christian Nurses Use by Jane Bacon Pfeiffer ____________________ A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing ____________________ June 2014 © 2014 Jane Bacon Pfeiffer All Rights Reserved Each person whose signature appears below certifies that this dissertation in his/her opinion is adequate, in scope and quality, as a dissertation for the degree Doctor of Philosophy. , Chairperson Patricia S. Jones, Professor of Nursing Iris Mamier, Assistant Professor of Nursing Betty Winslow, Professor of Nursing iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Dr. Jones whose patient persistence marshalled the pursuit of well-being during doctoral studies. I would also like to thank my committee members, as a whole, for their insightful critique inspiring me to focus beyond the writing to making a contribution to nursing knowledge. To my colleagues in the doctoral program, I thank you for your friendship and shared scholarship. You have truly enriched my life. To my faculty colleagues at Azusa Pacific University, I thank you for speaking profound encouragement at the right times. And to Dr. Van Dover and Dr. Cone, thank you for your special role of mentoring and consultation in the dissertation journey. To my family and friends, your love and support through this long endeavor have been evidence of faith and hope and that success is possible. To all of you I am deeply grateful for the grace extended to an absent friend, spouse, and family member. To my husband, I say thanks for your unrelenting patience and joy in editing the many in- process versions of this dissertation. And finally, I thank you Father for providing me the opportunity to study healing and how Christian nurses partner with patients in creating an environment of healing. iv CONTENT Approval Page .................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ iv List of Figures .................................................................................................................. viii List of Tables .......................................................................................................................x List of Abbreviations ......................................................................................................... xi Abstract ............................................................................................................................ xiii Chapter 1. Creating a Healing Environment: Strategies Christian Nurses Use.........................1 The Problem .................................................................................................3 Purpose and Aims of the Study ....................................................................5 Exploratory Questions .................................................................................5 Significance of the Study .............................................................................6 Significance for Nursing Practice ..........................................................6 Significance for Theory. ........................................................................6 Overview of Remaining Chapters ......................................................................7 2. The Research Literature ...........................................................................................8 Rationale for the Literature Review ...................................................................8 Healing Environment and Well-being .........................................................8 Situation and Setting of the Nurse-patient Interaction ...........................9 A Spatial View Combined with Situational Particulars .........................9 Context which Asserts Influence on the Person or Environment ........10 Compatibility with a Christian Worldview ..........................................11 Optimal Healing Environments (OHE) ...............................................13 Design and Structure ............................................................................15 Space Expressing Values .....................................................................15 Organizational Commitments to Patient and Staff Well-being ...........16 Nursing Research and Literature Reviews ......................................................18 v Studies Peripheral to Nursing ...................................................................18 Nursing Involvement ................................................................................22 Nursing Perceptions ...................................................................................26 Theory or Practice-based Models ...................................................................33 Theory-based Models ................................................................................33 Philosophical and Theoretical Perspectives ..............................................36 Nurse as Healer ...................................................................................37 Philosophical and Theoretical Assumptions .............................................39 A Christian View of Healing and Well-being .....................................42 Gaps in the Literature ................................................................................44 3. Methodology .........................................................................................................47 Research Purpose and Research Questions .....................................................47 Research Approach and Design ......................................................................48 The Researcher ..........................................................................................48 Participants ................................................................................................49 Ethical Procedures and Protection of Human Subjects....................................50 Grounded Theory Methodology ......................................................................50 Data Collection and Procedures ................................................................50 Data Management Plan .............................................................................52 Data Analysis ............................................................................................53 Open Coding .......................................................................................53 Substantive Coding .............................................................................54 Theoretical Sampling ..........................................................................55 Open Coding Ceases ...........................................................................56 Selective Coding .................................................................................56 Theoretical Coding ..............................................................................57 4. Findings..................................................................................................................59 Participants ......................................................................................................59 Definitions and Terms......................................................................................62 A Healing Environment .............................................................................63 Well-being..................................................................................................64 vi Strategies and Barriers in Creating a Healing Environment ...........................64 General Healing Strategies ..............................................................................65 Communication Strategies .........................................................................65 Spiritual Strategies .....................................................................................65 Educational Strategies ...............................................................................66 Institutional Strategies ..............................................................................66 Peer Support Strategies
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