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The Lichenologist Six New Species of Pyrenula from the Tropics The Lichenologist http://journals.cambridge.org/LIC Additional services for The Lichenologist: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here Six new species of Pyrenula from the tropics André APTROOT, Felix SCHUMM and Marcela E. S. CÁCERES The Lichenologist / Volume 44 / Issue 05 / September 2012, pp 611 ­ 618 DOI: 10.1017/S0024282912000254, Published online: Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0024282912000254 How to cite this article: André APTROOT, Felix SCHUMM and Marcela E. S. CÁCERES (2012). Six new species of Pyrenula from the tropics. The Lichenologist,44, pp 611­618 doi:10.1017/S0024282912000254 Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/LIC, by Username: Schumm, IP address: 91.47.146.77 on 27 Aug 2012 The Lichenologist 44(5): 611–618 (2012) 6 British Lichen Society, 2012 doi:10.1017/S0024282912000254 Six new species of Pyrenula from the tropics Andre´ APTROOT, Felix SCHUMM and Marcela E. S. CA´ CERES Abstract: Six new species of the genus Pyrenula are described as new to science from various coun- tries in the tropics. Pyrenula borneensis is described from Borneo, P. endocrocea from the Philippines, P. hawaiiensis from Hawaii, P. rinodinospora from Papua New Guinea, P. rubrojavanica from Java, and P. thailandica from Papua New Guinea, India and Thailand. Key words: Borneo, Hawaii, India, Indonesia, Java, lichens, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Pyrenulaceae, taxonomy, Thailand Accepted for publication 19 April 2012 Introduction from P. dermatodes (Borrer) Schaer. in the broader ascospores and the absence of pseu- In a recent key to the species of the genus docyphellae. Pyrenula obvoluta (Nyl.) R.C. Pyrenula, Aptroot (2012) accepted 169 spe- Harris & Aptroot (Aptroot 1991) is a later cies out of the c. 745 named taxa in the synonym of P. micromma, not of P. dermatodes, genus. Among the accepted taxa were seven as mentioned in Aptroot (2012). species that were still undescribed. Six of these are formally described in the present paper . Material and Methods All of the species described below were collected in the last century. They all differ Identification and descriptive work in Soest was carried significantly from any species yet described, out using an Olympus SZX7 stereomicroscope and an Olympus BX50 compound microscope with inter- often by a unique character or combination ference contrast, connected to a Nikon Coolpix digital of characters. Now that a world key to the camera; in Wangen, a Wild M3 stereomicroscope, an genus exists for the first time, it is to be ex- Olympus BX51 compound microscope with inter- pected that more new species will be recog- ference contrast, a Canon EOS 40D camera with MP-E 65 mm and a Mic HM 560 cryotome were used. Sec- nized in rapid succession. tions were mounted in tap water (unless otherwise indi- One species already described, the neo- cated), in which all measurements were also taken, or tropical Pyrenula micromma (Mont.)Trevis., enhanced with KOH. The specimens are preserved in is unfortunately missing in the world key. It ABL, BM, BR, E, L, and STU. The chemistry of the is keyed out in Ca´ceres (2007) and should type specimens has been investigated by TLC (Orange et al. 2001), using solvent A. key out in Aptroot (2012) at B122. It differs The Species Pyrenula borneensis Aptroot sp. nov. A. Aptroot: ABL Herbarium, G.v.d.Veenstraat 107, MycoBank No.: MB 800131 NL-3762 XK Soest, The Netherlands. Email: [email protected]. Pyrenula with simple ascomata with vertical ostioles, F. Schumm: Mozartstr. 9, D-73117 Wangen, Germany. inspersed hamathecium and muriform ascospores 20– M. E. S. Ca´ceres: Departamento de Biocieˆncias, Univer- 26 Â 10–12 mm. sidade Federal de Sergipe, CEP: 49500-000, Itabaiana, Type: Borneo, Gunong Mulu National Park, 4th Sergipe, Brazil. Division, Baram District, Valley of Ulu Jerneh (Hidden 612 THE LICHENOLOGIST Vol. 44 Valley), on twigs and stem of young tree, c. 500 m alt., 7 Alnus japonica, c. 1300 m alt., February 1987, A. Aptroot April 1978, B. J. Coppins 5126 (E—holotype; ABL— 20225 (BR—holotype; ABL—isotype). isotype). (Figs 1D–F, 2A & B) (Fig. 1A–C) Thallus corticate, smooth, continuous, rather Thallus corticate, smooth, continuous, thin, thick, brownish, without pseudocyphellae, pinkish white, without pseudocyphellae or pockets of crystals; algae trentepohlioid. medulla with a soft layer of copious orange anthraquinone crystals reacting UV+ red Ascomata perithecioid, simple, dispersed, and KOH+ crimson; algae trentepohlioid. conical, emergent, 0Á5–1Á3mmdiam.,black, Ascomata perithecioid, simple, dispersed, edges without thallus covering. Wall only conical, emergent, 0 3–0 6 mm diam., black, carbonized above, extending sideways as a Á Á at least the edges with thick thallus covering. clypeus, without crystals, KOH-- , c. 150 mm Wall more or less equally carbonized, without thick. Ostioles black, KOH-- , apical. Hama- crystals, KOH-- , c. 200 m thick. Ostioles thecium hyaline, densely inspersed with oil m brown, KOH-- , apical. Hamathecium hyaline, droplets. Asci cylindrico-clavate, IKI-- , with densely inspersed with oil droplets. Asci 8 uniseriate ascospores. Ascospores brown, -- IKI-- , muriform with 3 primary transverse cylindrico-clavate, IKI , with 8 irregularly arranged ascospores. Ascospores brown, IKI-- , eusepta and 2–5 locules per row, fusiform, initially 3-septate, soon becoming muriform without constrictions at the septa, (19–)20– with 1–3 transverse eusepta and 4–8 rows of 26(–28) Â (8–)10–12(–13) mm, ends rounded, 1–4 lumina per row, fusiform, usually with lumina mostly rounded or irregularly elon- one median constriction, (30–)32–44(–50) gated. Â 13–16(–19) m, ends rounded, lumina mostly Pycnidia not observed. m rounded; postmature ascospores with red oil Chemistry. No substances detected. inside. Pycnidia not observed. Ecology and distribution. On smooth bark of trees and branches in primary forest. Known Chemistry. Medulla with orange anthraqui- only from Borneo. none reacting UV+ red and KOH+ crimson. Discussion. This species resembles Pyrenula Ecology and distribution. On bark of culti- sublaevigata (Patw. & Makhija) Upreti, which vated Alnus japonica tree in park. Known differs by its longer ascospores (>30 mm only from the type. long). It also resembles Pyrenula parvinuclea (Meyen & Flot.) Aptroot, which differs by Discussion. This species resembles Pyrenula breutelii (Mu¨ll. Arg.) Aptroot by the muri- its shorter ascospores (15–22 mm long) and form ascospores which contain red oil when by the absence of inspersion in the hamathe- postmature. It differs from all known species cium. of Pyrenula by the soft layer of orange medul- Additional specimens examined. Borneo: Gunong lary crystals. Mulu National Park, 4th Division, Baram District, E side of Sungei Melinau, near Lobang Angin (Cave of the Winds), on horizontal branch, 1978, B. J. Coppins Pyrenula hawaiiensis Aptroot sp. nov. 5122 (E, ABL); Long Pala, 65 m alt., 1978, B. J. Coppins 5755 (E, ABL). MycoBank No.: MB 800133 Pyrenula with a thallus with lichexanthone, simple asco- Pyrenula endocrocea Aptroot sp. nov. mata with lateral ostioles and 3-septate ascospores of 21–23 Â 9Á5–14Á0 mm. MycoBank No.: MB 800132 Type: USA, Hawai’i archipelago, Hawai’i island, Pyrenula with thallus with an orange medulla, simple Kaumana, mauka Hilo, on fallen branches of Acacia ascomata with vertical ostioles and muriform ascospores koa, 9 May 1979, O. Degener 34947 (STU—holotype; of 32–44 Â 13–16 mm. ABL—isotype). Type: Philippines, island of Luzon, prov. Benguet, Baguio, Burnham Park, 120330 E, 16260 N, on bark of (Fig. 2G–I) 2012 New tropical Pyrenula species—Aptroot et al. 613 A B C D E G F I H Fig.1. Pyrenula borneensis (isotype) A–C; A, thallus with ascomata; B, transverse section through ascoma; C, asco- spores. Pyrenula endocrocea (holotype) D–F; D, thallus with ascomata; E, inspersed hamathecium; F, ascospores. Pyrenula hawaiiensis (isotype) G–I; G, thallus with ascomata; H, transverse section through ascoma; I, ascospores. Scales: A & G ¼ 1 mm; B & H ¼ 100 mm; C, E, F & I ¼ 10 mm; D ¼ 0Á5 mm. 614 THE LICHENOLOGIST Vol. 44 B A E C D FG Fig.2. Pyrenula endocrocea (holotype) A & B; A, thallus with section through medulla and ascomata; B, ascospore. Pyrenula rubrojavanica (isotype) C, D & E; C, thallus with ascomata; D, transverse section through ascomata, in KOH, showing red reaction of thallus and ostiole; E, ascospores. Pyrenula thailandica (isotype) F–G; ascospores. Scales: A & C ¼ 1 mm; B, E–G ¼ 10 mm; D ¼ 200 mm. 2012 New tropical Pyrenula species—Aptroot et al. 615 Thallus corticate, smooth, continuous, thin, extension (clypeus), without crystals, but pale yellowish, without pseudocyphellae or with bark cells between the wall and the pockets of crystals; algae trentepohlioid. clypeus, KOH-- , c. 25 mm thick. Ostioles Ascomata perithecioid, simple, dispersed, black, KOH-- , apical. Hamathecium hyaline, pyriform, emergent, 0Á2–0Á4 mm diam., densely inspersed with oil droplets. Asci black, mostly with thallus covering. Wall cylindrico-clavate, IKI-- , with 8 irregularly more or less equally carbonized, without arranged ascospores. Ascospores rather dark crystals, KOH-- , c. 40 mm thick. Ostioles brown, IKI-- , 3-septate, fusiform, without brown, KOH-- , skewed to lateral, pointing in constrictions, (20–)26–30 Â 11Á0–12Á5 mm, various directions. Hamathecium hyaline, not ends mostly pointed, lumina mostly qua- inspersed with oil droplets. Asci cylindrico- drangular, angles blunt, terminal lumina clavate, IKI-- , with 8 irregularly arranged elongated and not separated from the end ascospores. Ascospores brown, IKI-- , 3-septate, wall by an endospore layer. fusiform, without constrictions, 21–23 Â Pycnidia not observed. 9Á5–14Á0 mm, ends rather pointed, lumina Chemistry. No substances detected. mostly diamond-shaped, angles sharp, ter- minal lumina separated from the end wall by Ecology and distribution. On smooth bark of an endospore layer. trees and branches in primary forest. Known Pycnidia not observed. only from Papua New Guinea.
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