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THEMATIC PAPER Urbanization Table of Contents THEMATIC PAPER Urbanization Table of Contents List of Tables ..................................................................................................... iii List of Figures ................................................................................................... iii Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background ............................................................................................... 1 1.2 Concept of Urban Area in Bangladesh ........................................................... 1 1.3 Cities and Paurashavas of South West Region ................................................ 2 1.4 History of Major Cities of South West Region ................................................. 5 1.4.1 Khulna ............................................................................................... 5 1.4.2 Faridpur ............................................................................................. 5 1.4.3 Kushtia ............................................................................................... 5 1.4.4 Satkhira ............................................................................................. 5 1.4.5 Jashore .............................................................................................. 5 1.4.6 Jhenaidah ........................................................................................... 5 Urbanization in the South West Region ........................................................ 6 2.1 Urban Area with its population in South West Region ...................................... 6 2.2 Urban Density ........................................................................................... 9 2.3 Urban Slum ............................................................................................... 9 2.4 Poverty ..................................................................................................... 9 2.5 Urban Land Use ....................................................................................... 13 2.6 Housing Structure .................................................................................... 16 2.7 Source of Drinking Water and Sanitary Facility ............................................ 16 2.8 Health Facilities ....................................................................................... 18 2.9 Waste Management .................................................................................. 19 2.9.1 Khulna City Corporation (KCC) ............................................................ 19 2.9.2 Satkhira Municipality .......................................................................... 19 2.9.3 Kushtia Munucipality .......................................................................... 19 2.9.4 Jhenaidah Munucipality....................................................................... 20 2.10 Drainage System ..................................................................................... 20 2.11 Push and Pull Factors of Migration .............................................................. 21 Urbanization Trend and Challenges ............................................................ 22 3.1 Urban Population Trend ............................................................................ 22 3.2 The Anticipated Consequences of Increasing Trend of Urban Population .......... 22 i Relevant Policies, Plans & Programmes ..................................................... 24 4.1 First Perspective Plan (2010-2021) ............................................................ 24 4.2 Seventh Five Year Plan (FY2016-FY2020) .................................................... 24 4.2.1 Strategies Relevant to Urbanization ..................................................... 24 4.3 Second Perspective Plan (2021-2041) ........................................................ 25 4.4 National Urban Sector Policy 2011 ............................................................. 26 4.4.1 Key objective .................................................................................... 26 4.4.2 Major Activities .................................................................................. 27 4.5 National Sanitation Strategy 2005 .............................................................. 29 4.5.1 Strategies for Large Cities ................................................................... 30 4.5.2 Strategies for Small and Medium Towns ............................................... 30 4.5.3 Technologies for Urban Sanitation ........................................................ 30 Institutions/Administrative Bodies of this Region ..................................... 32 5.1 Khulna Development Authority .................................................................. 32 5.2 Khulna City Corporation ............................................................................ 32 5.3 Khulna WASA (Water Supply & Sewerage Authority) .................................... 32 5.4 UDD (Urban Development Directorate) ....................................................... 32 5.5 Ongoing and Proposed Projects Related to Urbanization under LGED .............. 33 5.5.1 Khulna Development Authority ............................................................ 33 5.5.2 Khulna City Corporation ...................................................................... 33 5.5.3 Khulna Water Supply and Sewerage Authority ....................................... 34 5.5.4 Faridpur Municipality .......................................................................... 34 5.5.5 Satkhira Municipality .......................................................................... 34 5.5.6 Meherpur Municipality ........................................................................ 34 5.5.7 Other Projects ................................................................................... 34 Reference ......................................................................................................... 36 ii List of Tables Table 1.1: Division, Districts and Cities of South West Region ..................................... 2 Table 2.1 : Urban and Rural Population of South West Region (District wise, 2001-2011) ........................................................................................................................... 7 Table 2.2: Urban Area and Urban Population of South West Region (District wise, 2001- 2011) .................................................................................................................. 7 Table 2.3: Information on Area and Population of Six Major Cities of South West Region 8 Table 2.4: Description of Slums of Khulna Division .................................................... 9 Table 2.5: Urban Land Use of South West Region (2000-2019) ................................. 13 Table 2.4: District wise Users (%) of Different the Source of Drinking Water in 2001 and 2011 ................................................................................................................. 17 Table 2.5: District wise Users (%) of Sanitary Latrines in 2001 and 2011 ................... 18 Table 3.1: Urban Population Trend (2001-2050) ..................................................... 22 List of Figures Figure 1.1: Paurashavas and Major Cities of South West Region (Study Area) .............. 4 Figure 2.1: Urban Density of the South West Rregion (District wise) ............................ 9 Figure 2.2: Percentage of Population (Upper Poverty Line) ....................................... 11 Figure 2.3: Percentage of Population (Lower Poverty Line) ....................................... 12 Figure 2.4: Land Use of South West Region (2000) ................................................. 14 Figure 2.5: Land Use of South West Region (2019) ................................................. 15 Figure 2.6: Types of housing Structure in Urban Area .............................................. 16 Figure 2.7: District wise Number of Different Types of Housing Structure in Urban area 16 Figure 2.8: District wise Users (%) of Different the Source of Drinking Water in 2011 . 17 Figure 2.9: District wise Users (%) of Sanitary Latrines in 2011 ............................... 18 Figure 2.10: Solid Waste Management Process of Kushtia Municipality ....................... 20 Figure 2.11: Push and Pull Factors of Migration ....................................................... 21 Figure 3.1: Urban Population Trend (2001-2050) .................................................... 22 iii Introduction 1.1 Background Urbanization is a demographic process where an increasing share of the national population lives within urban settlements. It is a continuous process which encompasses all factors underlying the process of economic growth and socio-cultural change. It is regarded as an engine of growth and development in a country. One of them main reasons of urbanization is rural to urban migration especially for developing countries and it results in growth in the size of the urban population and the extent of urban areas. Rural people are compelled to come to city for better livelihood and amenities. However, urbanization has disadvantages caused by rapid and unplanned urban growth resulting in poor infrastructures such as inadequate housing, water and sanitation, transport and health care services. Every country around the world is facing the consequences of urbanization. Like many countries, Bangladesh is
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