DOCSLIB.ORG

Black Identity, Activism, and Fashion on the College Campus

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Black Identity, Activism, and Fashion on the College Campus Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2020 The Black woman student experience: Black identity, activism, and fashion on the college campus Dyese Matthews Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Recommended Citation Matthews, Dyese, "The Black woman student experience: Black identity, activism, and fashion on the college campus" (2020). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 17996. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/17996 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Black woman student experience: Black identity, activism, and fashion on the college campus by Dyese L. Matthews A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major: Apparel Merchandising and Design Program of Study Committee: Kelly L. Reddy-Best, Major Professor Sara Marcketti Jeanne Dyches The student author, whose presentation of the scholarship herein was approved by the program of study committee, is solely responsible for the content of this thesis. The Graduate College will ensure this thesis is globally accessible and will not permit alterations after a degree is conferred. Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2020 Copyright © Dyese L. Matthews, 2020. All rights reserved. ii DEDICATION I dedicate this work to my loving, sweet, and funny Auntie PeeWee. Thank you for always loving me and supporting me, we miss you. I also dedicate this thesis to my loving support system (loved ones, family, friends) who continually keep me encouraged through advice and prayer. And finally, I dedicate this thesis to Black women—keep shining sis! Psalm 46:5. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES .........................................................................................................................v LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................... ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...............................................................................................................x ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................1 Thesis Organization ................................................................................................................... 3 Definitions ................................................................................................................................. 4 Positionality Statement .............................................................................................................. 5 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW .........................................................................................8 Racism ....................................................................................................................................... 8 Brief History of Black Oppression and Activist Movements .................................................... 9 American Civil War, Black Codes, and Jim Crow............................................................... 9 Civil Rights Movement ...................................................................................................... 11 Brief Overview: Black Lives Matter Movement ................................................................ 12 Continual Development of Black Identity ............................................................................... 15 Race and Ethnicity.............................................................................................................. 15 Black Woman Identity and Culture: Becoming Versus Being........................................... 16 Black Woman Identity: Self-definition .............................................................................. 18 Brief History of Activist Statements Through Dress in Black Culture ................................... 18 1940s .................................................................................................................................. 19 1960s .................................................................................................................................. 20 1990s .................................................................................................................................. 22 2000s .................................................................................................................................. 24 Black Student Experiences at Predominately White Institutions ............................................ 25 Theoretical Foundation: Critical Race Theory ........................................................................ 27 CHAPTER 3. RESEARCH DESIGN ............................................................................................29 Purpose and Research Questions ............................................................................................. 29 Participant Recruitment ........................................................................................................... 30 Data Collection ........................................................................................................................ 30 Data Analysis ........................................................................................................................... 34 Reliability and Validity............................................................................................................ 35 Reflexivity ............................................................................................................................... 37 Integration of Theoretical Framework ..................................................................................... 37 CHAPTER 4. RESULTS ...............................................................................................................39 Theme 1: Experiences on Campus .......................................................................................... 42 Safe and Welcomed ............................................................................................................ 42 Unsafe and Unwelcomed.................................................................................................... 46 iv Occurrences of Racism and Discrimination on Campus .................................................... 51 Theme 2: Black Identity Through Dress and Appearance....................................................... 54 Motivations to Show Black Identity in Dress and Appearance ......................................... 54 Examples of Dress Overtly Showing Black Identity.......................................................... 66 Experiences Showing Black Identity Through Dress at PWI ............................................ 83 Theme 3: Activist Identity Through Dress and Appearance ................................................... 90 Activist Identity .................................................................................................................. 90 Activism Involvement ........................................................................................................ 93 Examples of Dress Showing Activist Identity ................................................................... 96 Experiences Wearing Activist Clothing on Campus ........................................................ 104 Motivations to Purchase Activist-Related Clothing ......................................................... 107 CHAPTER 5. DISCUSSION .......................................................................................................110 The Context of the PWI for Black Women College Students ............................................... 110 Self-Definition: Becoming Versus Being and the Black and Activist Identity on the PWI .. 112 Black and Activist Identities: Dress and Appearance Practices on the PWI ......................... 113 Identity Rearticulation ...................................................................................................... 113 Identity Expression Through Dress .................................................................................. 114 Theoretical Interpretation ................................................................................................. 118 CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSION.....................................................................................................119 Limitations ............................................................................................................................. 121 Implications for Society and the Apparel Industry ................................................................ 121 Further Research .................................................................................................................... 123 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................124 APPENDIX A. DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEY
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Innovating a 90'S Streetwear Brand for Today's Fashion Industry
    FOR US BY US: INNOVATING A 90'S STREETWEAR BRAND FOR TODAY'S FASHION INDUSTRY A Thesis submitted to the FAculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partiAl fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MAsters of Arts in CommunicAtion, Culture And Technology By Dominique HAywood, B.S WAshington, DC May 26, 2020 Copyright 2020 by Dominique HAywood All Rights Reserved ii FOR US BY US: INNOVATING A 90'S STREETWEAR BRAND FOR TODAY'S FASHION INDUSTRY Dominique HAywood, BS Thesis Advisor: J.R. Osborn, Ph.D ABSTRACT This thesis is a cAse study of how a vintAge fashion brand cAn be innovated through humAn centered design for the current fashion industry. IDEO, global design and innovation company, has clAssified humAn centered design as A method for identifying viAble, feAsible and desirable solutions with the integration of multidisciplinary insights (IDEO). For this thesis, the brand of focus is FUBU, for us by us, a 90’s era streetweAr brand that is a product of New York City hip-hop culture. A succinct proposAl for FUBU’s resurgence in the fashion industry will be designed by first identifying the viAbility of the fashion industry and feAsibility of the brand’s revival. ViAbility will be determined by detAiling the current stAte of the fashion and streetweAr industries. This is to estAblish the opportunities and threAts of new and returning entrants into the industry. FeAsibility will be declAred by reseArching the history and current stAte of the brand, its cultural relevancy, and its strengths and weAknesses.
    [Show full text]
  • John H. Johnson 1918-2005
    Celebration Of The Life Of John H. Johnson 1918-2005 Downloaded from http://www.tidyforms.com Downloaded from http://www.tidyforms.com BITUARY O Gertrude Jenkins Johnson. His father was killed in a sawmill accident when he was 8, and his OHN H. JOHNSON, who borrowed $500 on his mother’s furniture and created a publishing mother, who later married James Williams, became the dominant force in his life. “She Jand cosmetics empire that changed the color and content of American media, died Monday, believed in me and taught me to believe in myself,” he said later. “She taught me to dream, August 8, at Chicago’s Northwestern Memorial Hospital after an extended illness. He was 87. to dare and to never give up.” There was no Black high school in Arkansas City at that time, The founder and publisher of Ebony and Jet magazines and the chairman of Johnson and Gertrude Johnson Williams, who was the embodiment of the strong Black mother who Publishing Company, Inc. and Fashion Fair Cosmetics succumbed on the 60th anniver- can’t be blocked or stopped by anything, decided to take her son to Chicago where he could sary of Ebony magazine, which, under his leadership, has been the largest Black-owned mag- get a good education. They left Arkansas City in July 1933 and were joined later by his step- azine in the world for 60 straight years. He was surrounded during his last illness by close father. Fifty-three years later, when he returned to Arkansas City for the first time since his friends and family members, including his wife of 64 years, Eunice W.
    [Show full text]
  • Philanthropy
    CULTURAL ICONS FOR SOCIAL CHANGE The Iconic Impact Initiative by Bridge Philanthropic Consulting, LLC 12 TOP PIONEERS OF BLACK PHILANTHROPY By Dwayne Ashley, Tashion Macon, Ph.D, Jennifer Jiles 12 Top Pioneers of Black Philanthropy 1 | Introduction INTRODUCTION Nine years ago, the W.K. Kellogg Foundation and Rockefeller Philanthropy Advisors issued a report on philanthropy that reported what to many was a startling fact but reflected what those of us on the ground already knew. Each year, the report said, Black donors give away 25 percent more of their incomes than White donors. Nearly two-thirds of Black households make donations, worth a total of about $11 billion a year. “African Americans have been very uncomfortable with the title of philanthropist,” Judy Belk, senior vice president of Rockefeller Philanthropy Advisors, told Reuters news service. “If you don’t see role models who look like you when people start talking about issues related to philanthropy, you start believing, ‘Hey, maybe I’m not a philanthropist.’” That’s why Bridge Philanthropic Consultants felt it was critical to release 12 Top Pioneers of Black Philanthropy as its way to commemorate Black History Month. Black philanthropy has always existed. But Blacks were brought to America as slaves, were obstructed from achieving the American dream after emancipation by systemic racism, and have seen their philanthropic achievements receive little to no attention outside their own community. We are here to shine the spotlight on them not just to give the recognition they deserve but to set them out as role models. For example, the name of Frederick D.
    [Show full text]
  • Race in Ordinary Course: Utilizing the Racial Background in Antitrust and Corporate Law Courses
    Journal of Civil Rights and Economic Development Volume 23 Issue 3 Volume 23, Fall 2008, Issue 3 Article 2 Race in Ordinary Course: Utilizing the Racial Background in Antitrust and Corporate Law Courses Alfred Dennis Mathewson Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.stjohns.edu/jcred This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at St. John's Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Civil Rights and Economic Development by an authorized editor of St. John's Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. RACE IN ORDINARY COURSE: UTILIZING THE RACIAL BACKGROUND IN ANTITRUST AND CORPORATE LAW COURSES ALFRED DENNIS MATHEWSON* This article is about the discourse in law school classes in which non-white students are in classes with white students.1 I recall the integration of race in one of my first year law classes. I was one of a handful of Black students in Professor Geoffrey Hazard's Civil Procedure class at Yale Law School. Professor Hazard had supplemented the casebook with materials that he had prepared for a case as an attorney. I do not recall the exact details, but I believe the case was Swann v. Burkett.2 This case involved an African-American couple that sued a landlord under the Unruh Civil Rights Act 3 for refusing to rent them an apartment because of their race. Professor Hazard had chosen the case because it was a personal triumph as he had successfully represented the plaintiffs. Although Professor Hazard used it to demonstrate procedural rules, he brought race out of the background.
    [Show full text]
  • TV's 'Moesha' Gives Positive 5 View of Black Family Life ^
    USA $1.25/CANADA $1.60 TV's 'Moesha' Gives Positive 5 View Of Black Family Life ^ illiam Allen You £ONTEMTS A JOHNSON PUBLICATION NOVEMBER 2S, 1 99« • VOL. 91, NO. 2 (ISSN 0021-5996) BLACK HISTORY. CELEBRITiES CENSUS ..la COVER STORY 56 EDUCATION 19 HEALTH 24 JET BEAUTY OF THE WEEK....43 JET TOP 20 ALBUMS M JET TOP 20 SINGLES .64 LAW & JUSTICE .46 LIFESTYLES 15 Evander Holyfielcl raises his fist in triumph after scoring an MOVIES TO SEE 1 1 th-round TKO of Mike Tyson to capture the World Boxing Association championship on Page 51. Cover photo courtesy UPN/1996. NATIONAL REPORT. 4 The NEWSMAKERS. AuOil MOVING SOON? ^ Bureau Please let us know before you go. Send the present address label from your copy of the SOCIETY WORLD magazine, along with your new address, to: JET, P.O. BOX 538, Chicago, Illinois 60690 SPORTS. .50 JET is published weekly: U S. A. one year $38.00: Canada. Pan America $44.00: foreign S48 00 by Inc Johnson Publishing Company. , 820 South Michigan Avenue. Chicago. IL 60605 Payable in U S currency only. Second class postage paid at Corinth, MS., and TELEVISION 66 additional offices. Postmaster: Send address changes to JET, 820 South Michigan Avenue. Chicago. IL 60605 Copyright 1994 by Johnson Publishing Company. Inc. Offices at Rockefeller Center, 1270 Avenue of The THE WEEK'S BEST PHOTOS...41 Americas, New York, N Y. 10020. 1 750 Pennsylvania Ave.. N.W.. Washington, D.C. 20006. 3600 Wilshire Blvd.. Los Angeles. CA 90010 We cannot be responsible for unsolicited material.
    [Show full text]
  • Minnesota History: Building a Legacy
    January 2016 This document is made available electronically by the Minnesota Legislative Reference Library as part of an ongoing digital archiving project. http://www.leg.state.mn.us/lrl/lrl.asp Minnesota History: Building A Legacy Report to the Governor and the Legislature on Funding for History Programs and Projects supported by the Legacy Amendment’s Arts and Cultural Heritage Fund Letter from MNHS CEO and Director Now entering its eighth year, the Legacy Amendment and its Arts and Cultural Heritage Fund has reenergized the field of history in Minnesota. Demand for history and cultural heritage funding has consistently outweighed available resources since the fund’s inception by a proportion of almost 4 to 1. Part of that demand includes 2015’s record amount of requests, $14.2 million, for large historical and cultural heritage grants ($10,001 and up). We were able to award 33 large grants, totaling $3.2 million. Clearly, Minnesotans are eager to ensure that our legacy is preserved for future generations. The Legacy Amendment has also been the springboard for the Minnesota Historical Society and our history partners to proactively involve citizens in designing history programs, particularly grant programs, through statewide town hall meetings, workshops, and citizen reviews of grant applications. MNHS takes its stewardship of Legacy allocations seriously, applying measurable outcomes and professional standards, ensuring accountability in expenditures. This report describes more than 50 Legacy Amendment-funded history-related programs and partnerships accomplished since January 1, 2015, the first year of the fourth biennium since the Legacy Amendment’s passage. It also includes descriptions of the 198 grants amounting to over $4.5 awarded in 2015.
    [Show full text]
  • The Gazette February 1970
    Langston University Digital Commons @ Langston University LU Gazette, 1970-1979 LU Gazette (Student Newspaper) 2-1970 The aG zette February 1970 Langston University Follow this and additional works at: http://dclu.langston.edu/ archives_gazette_newspaper_19701979 Recommended Citation Langston University, "The aG zette February 1970" (1970). LU Gazette, 1970-1979. Book 3. http://dclu.langston.edu/archives_gazette_newspaper_19701979/3 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the LU Gazette (Student Newspaper) at Digital Commons @ Langston University. It has been accepted for inclusion in LU Gazette, 1970-1979 by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Langston University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. niversity Langston azette VOLUME 31 NUMBER 10 FEBRU ARY, 1970 LANGSTON , OKLAHOMA Founders Day Page 2 C o ecf o f T h e Month ‘N o M a t t e r H o w W h i t e s ,*A S i n g , I t ’ s N o t B l a c k ’ (Reprinted from the New York Times) To th e Editor: gestures and language,” but through 1-2-3 Easy Method with the white nevertheless E, the sisters at Lessons. Black music is felt, Smith College, were “painfully” coming through. experienced, lived. Watch a We wish to inform you “delighted” to read Mack person and a “hip” W and Albert Goldman that no white person respond to Ethel Albert Goldman’s White can ever sing black. article, “Why do Whites Sing Waters (or did you know she Some people might say it’s used to sing?). A whit: per­ Black?” It is just one more, a matter of genes: “A II fine example of how asinine son wlfl praise and say, white people are regarding "What depth, what percep­ anything black.
    [Show full text]
  • CIVIL RIGHTS and SOCIAL JUSTICE Abolitionism: Activism to Abolish
    CIVIL RIGHTS and SOCIAL JUSTICE Abolitionism: activism to abolish slavery (Madison Young Johnson Scrapbook, Chicago History Museum; Zebina Eastman Papers, Chicago History Museum) African Americans at the World's Columbian Exposition/World’s Fair of 1893 (James W. Ellsworth Papers, Chicago Public Library; World’s Columbian Exposition Photographs, Loyola University Chicago) American Indian Movement in Chicago Anti-Lynching: activism to end lynching (Ida B. Wells Papers, University of Chicago; Arthur W. Mitchell Papers, Chicago History Museum) Asian-American Hunger Strike at Northwestern U Ben Reitman: physician, activist, and socialist; founder of Hobo College (Ben Reitman Visual Materials, Chicago History Museum; Dill Pickle Club Records, Newberry Library) Black Codes: denied ante-bellum African-Americans living in Illinois full citizenship rights (Chicago History Museum; Platt R. Spencer Papers, Newberry Library) Cairo Civil Rights March: activism in southern Illinois for civil rights (Beatrice Stegeman Collection on Civil Rights in Southern Illinois, Southern Illinois University; Charles A. Hayes Papers, Chicago Public Library) Carlos Montezuma: Indian rights activist and physician (Carlos Montezuma Papers, Newberry Library) Charlemae Hill Rollins: advocate for multicultural children’s literature based at the George Cleveland Branch Library with Vivian Harsh (George Cleveland Hall Branch Archives, Chicago Public Library) Chicago Commission on Race Relations / The Negro in Chicago: investigative committee commissioned after the race riots
    [Show full text]
  • University of Cape Town
    Town Cape of University Sartorial Disruption An investigation of the histories, dispositions, and related museum practices of the dress/fashion collections at Iziko Museums as a means to re-imagine and re-frame the sartorial in the museum. Erica de Greef The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derivedTown from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes Capeonly. of Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University Thesis presented for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of African Studies University of Cape Town January 2019 “Clothes are people to Diana Vreeland. Her interest in them is deep and human” (Ballard, 1960:293, cited in Clark, De la Haye & Horsley. 2014:26) This text represents a full and original submission for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Cape Town. This copy has been supplied for the purpose of research, on the understanding that it is copyright material, and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgment. Cover Image: SAM14268: Beadwork Detail. Photograph by Andrew Juries, Courtesy of Andrew Juries. iii iv Abstract In this thesis I investigate and interrogate the historical and current compositions, conditions and dispositions of three collections containing sartorial objects of three formerly separate museums – the South African Museum, the South African National Gallery and the South African Cultural History Museum.
    [Show full text]
  • Milwaukee Art Museum's '50 Years of Ebony Fashion' Curtis L
    Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette Philosophy Faculty Research and Publications Philosophy, Department of 1-20-2015 "Fashion is Freedom": Milwaukee Art Museum's '50 Years of Ebony Fashion' Curtis L. Carter Marquette University, [email protected] Published version. Published in the newspaper entitled "Shepherd Express". Jan. 20, 2015, A&E Feature. Publisher Link. © 2015 Shepherd Express. Used with permission. ‘Fashion is Freedom’ | A&E | Shepherd Express http://expressmilwaukee.com/article-permalink-24741.html NEWS (HTTP://EXPRESSMILWAUKEE.COM/FLEX-37-NEWS.HTML) EVENTS (HTTP://EXPRESSMILWAUKEE.COM/EVENTS) MUSIC (HTTP://EXPRESSMILWAUKEE.COM/FLEX-34-MUSIC.HTML) A & E (HTTP://EXPRESSMILWAUKEE.COM/FLEX-35-AE.HTML) DINING (HTTP://EXPRESSMILWAUKEE.COM/ARTICLES.SEC-210-1-DINING-OUT.HTML) BLOGS (HTTP://EXPRESSMILWAUKEE.COM/BLOGS) CONTESTS (HTTP://EXPRESSMILWAUKEE.COM/CONTEST.HTML) EXTRAS (HTTP://EXPRESSMILWAUKEE.COM/) CLASSIFIEDS (HTTP://EXPRESSMILWAUKEE.COM/FLEX-59-CLASSIFIEDS.HTML) NEWSLETTER (HTTP://VISITOR.CONSTANTCONTACT.COM/MANAGE/OPTIN/EA?V=001NHU2RKPRQOHDYO_5PDGU9A %3D%3D) TUESDAY, JAN. 20, 2015 Milwaukee Art Museum’s ‘50 Years of Ebony Fashion’ By Curtis L. Carter (by-author-146-1.html) © INTERNATIONAL ART & ARTISTS “Inspiring Beauty: 50 Years of Ebony Fashion Fair,” opening at the Milwaukee Art Museum (MAM) on Thursday, Feb. 5, offers a spectacular viewing of haute couture ensembles from the 1960s through the present while inviting critical reflection on the struggles of African Americans for access to the world of fashion design. On display will be nearly 100 original objects, including accessories and ensembles, from leading European and American designers. Photographs and videos accompany. The ensembles include creations by prominent European designers Laura Biagiotti, Christian Dior and Pierre Cardin; the Dominican Republic’s Oscar de la Renta; Japan’s Issey Miyake; Turkey’s Balizza; and Americans Bill Blass, Halston, Fabrice Simon and Bob Mackie.
    [Show full text]
  • Black History: the Founder of Ebony and Jet Magazine by Thought Provoking Perspectives
    Black History: The Founder Of Ebony And Jet Magazine By Thought Provoking Perspectives John Harold Johnson, the grandson of slaves, rose to become one of the greatest African American entrepreneurs. Mr. Johnson was the founder of the Johnson Publishing Company and became the first African American to appear on the Forbes 400. This businessman and publisher created the most important media source for the black community ever. It is an honor for me to pay homage to Mr. Johnson for his devotion to the African American community and the pride his publication instilled. In my view, his greatest and most important accomplishment occurred in 1955 when he made the profound decision at Emmett’s mothers request to publish young Emmett’s open casket photograph mangled and brutally beaten. If it had not been for Mr. Johnson’s JET Magazine, the world would never have known of this horrific murder. I will give thanks to him because it was this decision that sparked the modern civil rights movement. Born in the south but after a visit with his mother to the Chicago World’s Fair, they decided that opportunities in the North were more plentiful than in the South. Facing poverty on every side in Arkansas during the Great Depression, the family moved to Chicago, Illinois, in 1933 to try to find work and for Johnson to continue his education. Johnson endured much teasing and taunting at his high school for his ragged clothes and country ways, as he encountered something he never knew existed: Middle-class blacks. At DuSable High School, his classmates included Nat King Cole, Redd Foxx, and future entrepreneur William Abernathy.
    [Show full text]
  • Clipping Files: Subjects
    Clipping Files: Subjects A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A Abortion Adoption Africa-Ethiopia Africa-Gabon Africa-General Africa-Ghana Africa-Nigeria Africa-Somalia Africa-South Africa see also South Africa Africa-Sudan-Darfur Africa-Uganda Africa-West Africa African Arts African American Voice Newspaper African American Youth Leadership Conference African Heritage History Affirmative Action Agriculture 1.25 billion deal with blacks Alpha Kappa Alpha Alpha Phi Alpha Alphonse Robinson African American Musicians Association American Woodmen Life Insurance Company Antislavery Movement Arvada, Colorado Aurora, Colorado B Baseball Hall of Fame, Cooperstown NY see also Sports-Baseball- Barbers Baton Rouge (LA) Bus Boycott, 1953 Beauty Bias Bibliographies-Black History Bill Pickett Invitational Black Rodeo see also Sports. Rodeos Biracial Births Black Abuse Black American West Museum, Denver, 1971- Black Americana at Auction Black Art Black Arts Festival 2003-2009 Black Audiences Black Business Black Catholics in the Rockies Black Children 1 Black Churches Black Churches in Colorado Agape Christian Church Campbell Chapel A.M.E. Church Central Baptist Church Christ in The City Temple of Worship Cleaves CME Memorial Church East Denver Bible Baptist Church Eighth Street Baptist Church, Pueblo CO Emmanuel Missionary Baptist Church, Colorado Springs, 1963- First German Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church 430 Years Church of God in Christ Greater Metro Denver Ministerial Alliance Handy Chapel, Grand Junction, CO Here’s Love Christian Fellowship House of Joy Miracle Church King Baptist Church Kingdom of Glory Christian Center Life By Design Ministries Macedonia Baptist Church Ministerial Alliances: Includes Metro Denver Ministerial Alliance, Black Ministerial Alliance of Southern Colorado, Ministerial Alliance of Wyoming, Southwest Region of the Full Gospel Baptist Fellowship (TX, OK, CO, NM, ID, MT) Mt.
    [Show full text]