Sources of Natural Gas Within Permafrost North-West Siberia
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Satellite Ice Extent, Sea Surface Temperature, and Atmospheric 2 Methane Trends in the Barents and Kara Seas
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2018-237 Manuscript under review for journal The Cryosphere Discussion started: 22 November 2018 c Author(s) 2018. CC BY 4.0 License. 1 Satellite ice extent, sea surface temperature, and atmospheric 2 methane trends in the Barents and Kara Seas 1 2 3 2 4 3 Ira Leifer , F. Robert Chen , Thomas McClimans , Frank Muller Karger , Leonid Yurganov 1 4 Bubbleology Research International, Inc., Solvang, CA, USA 2 5 University of Southern Florida, USA 3 6 SINTEF Ocean, Trondheim, Norway 4 7 University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA 8 Correspondence to: Ira Leifer ([email protected]) 9 10 Abstract. Over a decade (2003-2015) of satellite data of sea-ice extent, sea surface temperature (SST), and methane 11 (CH4) concentrations in lower troposphere over 10 focus areas within the Barents and Kara Seas (BKS) were 12 analyzed for anomalies and trends relative to the Barents Sea. Large positive CH4 anomalies were discovered around 13 Franz Josef Land (FJL) and offshore west Novaya Zemlya in early fall. Far smaller CH4 enhancement was found 14 around Svalbard, downstream and north of known seabed seepage. SST increased in all focus areas at rates from 15 0.0018 to 0.15 °C yr-1, CH4 growth spanned 3.06 to 3.49 ppb yr-1. 16 The strongest SST increase was observed each year in the southeast Barents Sea in June due to strengthening of 17 the warm Murman Current (MC), and in the south Kara Sea in September. The southeast Barents Sea, the south 18 Kara Sea and coastal areas around FJL exhibited the strongest CH4 growth over the observation period. -
The Myth of Cheap Russian Gas
Founded by H.S.H. Prince Michael of Liechtenstein The myth of cheap Russian gas Dr. Frank Umbach Russia & Central Asia Sept. 05 2017 The desolate Arctic landscape of Gazprom’s Bovanenkovo gas field on the Yamal peninsula, 4,300 kilometers away from West European customers (source dpa) A frequent but unquestioned claim about the controversial Nord Stream 2 (NS-2) gas pipeline and the latest round of American sanctions against Russia is that Russian natural gas is much cheaper than that of rival suppliers. This particularly applies to liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports from shale producers in the United States. According to this argument, the European Union should leave it to the market price to determine which gas suppliers European importers choose. But Russia’s cheap gas from its mature fields in Western Siberia are rapidly dwindling, while output from the new gas fields in the Yamal peninsula must be heavily subsidized to offset higher production and transport costs. This question is far from academic at a time when gas prices in Europe and Asia are declining rapidly, and the LNG exports from the U.S. are getting cheaper. In fact, Europe is now entering a new era when Russian gas (if not subsidized) is no longer cheap, and LNG from the U.S. and other producers is no longer expensive. Different product From 2012 to 2016, the average price of Russian natural gas exports to Europe dropped from more than $400 per 1,000 cubic meters (cm) to just $167. That significantly undercut prices at Europe’s main gas hubs (the Netherlands’ TTF and Germany’s NCG), which averaged about $243-$245 per 1,000 cm last year. -
Circulation in the Southwestern Part of the Kara Sea in September 2007 A
ISSN 00014370, Oceanology, 2010, Vol. 50, No. 5, pp. 643–656. © Pleiades Publishing, Inc., 2010. Original Russian Text © A.G. Zatsepin, E.G. Morozov, V.T. Paka, A.N. Demidov, A.A. Kondrashov, A.O. Korzh, V.V. Kremenetskiy, S.G. Poyarkov, D.M. Soloviev, 2010, published in Okeanologiya, 2010, Vol. 50, No. 5, pp. 683–697. MARINE PHYSICS Circulation in the Southwestern Part of the Kara Sea in September 2007 A. G. Zatsepina, E. G. Morozova, V. T. Pakab, A. N. Demidova, A. A. Kondrashovb, A. O. Korzhb, V. V. Kremenetskiya, S. G. Poyarkova, and D. M. Solovievc a Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Email: [email protected] b Atlantic Branch of the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia c Marine Hydrophysical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sevastopol, Ukraine Received September 16, 2009; in final form, January 2, 2010 Abstract—During cruise 54 of the R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh to the southwestern Kara Sea (September 6 to October 7, 2007), a large amount of hydrophysical data with unique spatial resolution was obtained on the basis of measurements using different instruments. The analysis of the data gave us the possibility to study the dynamics and hydrological structure of the southwestern Kara Sea basin. The main elements of the gen eral circulation are the following: the Yamal Current, the Eastern Novaya Zemlya Current, and the St. Anna Trough Current. All these currents are topographically controlled; they flow over the bottom slopes along the isobaths. The Yamal Current begins at the Kara Gates Strait and turns to the east as part of the cyclonic cir culation. -
Nenets Reindeer Herders on the Lower Yenisei River: Traditional Economy Under Current Conditions and Responses to Economic Change
Nenets reindeer herders on the lower Yenisei River: traditional economy under current conditions and responses to economic change Konstantin B. Klokov The article is dedicated to the problems of survival and development among the aboriginal peoples of northern Russia in the context of current conditions. Data collected in the western part of the Taimyr Autonomous District allowed us to divide the non-sedentary population of this territory into three groups differentiated by overall way of life, land use and economic “calendar.” These groups are: the nomadic reindeer herders of the tundra (about 250-300 people), the semi-nomadic fishermen- herders of Yenisei delta (about 500), and t6e nomadic herders of the forest-tundra (300-350). The economy and ways of life of the three non-sedentary groups are described. Communities whose traditional subsistence base is reindeers have entered a crucial period. In response to the pressure of the dominant society, these peoples have three possible strategies: isolation, passive adaptation and active adaptation. Only the last strategy can preserve their culture, and create a “neoculture”. Now, however, passive adaptation predominates. The mutual, bi-directional process of cultural integration needs to reinforce positive aspects of acculturation and promote active, rather than passive, adaptation. A necessary condition for this is the appearance among the Nenets of an intermediate social stratum which maintains close links to nomadic reindeer-husbandry and is simultaneously integrated into the dominant society. K. B. Klokov, Geography Institute, University qf St. Petersburg, 41/43 Sredni Prospect, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia. Reindeer husbandry in the Russian North is in One area stands out against this overall picture crisis. -
Russia to “Launder” Warpath the Inf Treaty Iranian Oil?
MONTHLY October 2018 MONTHLY AugustOctober 2018 2018 The publication prepared exclusively for PERN S.A. Date of publication in the public domain: 19th17th NovemberSeptember 2018. 2018. CONTENTS 12 19 28 PUTIN AGAIN ON THE GREAT GAME OVER RUSSIA TO “LAUNDER” WARPATH THE INF TREATY IRANIAN OIL? U.S. NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISOR PUTIN’S ANOTHER BODYGUARD JOHN BOLTON GLADDENED 3 TO BE APPOINTED GOVERNOR 18 MOSCOW’S “PARTY OF WAR” RUSSIAN ARMY TO ADD MORE GREAT GAME OVER THE INF 4 FIREPOWER IN KALININGRAD 19 TREATY PURGE IN RUSSIA’S REGIONS AS RUSSIA AND PAKISTAN TO HOLD PUTIN GETS RID OF POLITICAL JOINT MILITARY DRILLS IN THE 6 VETERANS 21 PAKISTANI MOUNTAINS SECHIN LOSES BATTLE FOR ITALY TO WITHDRAW FROM 7 RUSSIA’S STRATEGIC OIL PORT 22 ROSNEFT PROJECT SPETSNAZ, FLEET AND NUCLEAR GAS GAMES: POLISH-RUSSIANS FORCES: RUSSIA’S INTENSE 24 TENSIONS OVER A NEW LNG DEAL 9 MILITARY DRILLS RUSSIA GETS NEW ALLY AS SHOIGU GAZPROM TO RESUME IMPORTS 25 PAYS VISIT TO MONGOLIA 10 OF TURKMEN GAS MORE TENSIONS IN THE SEA 12 PUTIN AGAIN ON THE WARPATH OF AZOV: RUSSIA TO SCARE ON 27 EASTERN FLANK NOVATEK DISCOVERS NEW 13 PROFITABLE GAS DEPOSITS 28 RUSSIA TO “LAUNDER” IRANIAN OIL? NOT ONLY BALTIC LNG PLANT: MOSCOW HOPES FOR IRAQ’S CLOSE TIES BETWEEN SHELL 29 NEW GOVERNMENT 15 AND GAZPROM GAZPROM AND UKRAINE FACE PUTIN VISITS INDIA TO MARK ANOTHER LITIGATION OVER 16 PURCHASE OF RUSSIA’S MISSILES 31 GAS SUPPLIES www.warsawinstitute.org 2 SOURCE: KREMLIN.RU 8 October 2018 PUTIN’S ANOTHER BODYGUARD TO BE APPOINTED GOVERNOR According to the autumn tradition, Russia’s President Vladimir Putin dismisses some governors while appointing new ones. -
On Deck Part 2
PART 2 The New Zealand Company of Master Mariners March 2015 SNIPPETS FROM THE MARITIME BIOSPHERE US NAVY’S NEW LASER WEAPON. “At less than a dollar per shot, there’s no question DOES THIS SPELL THE END OF about the value LaWS provides,” said Klunder. “With CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS? affordability a serious concern for our defense budgets, this will more effectively manage resources to ‘Shades of Buck Rogers’ ensure our Sailors and Marines are never in a fair The U.S. Navy has achieved a historic milestone with a fight.” cutting-edge new laser weapon system that can In the future, factors from the successful deployment destroy targets for less than $1 per shot. and demonstration aboard the USS Ponce will help The Navy made the announcement recently that for guide the development of weapons under ONR’s Solid- the first time ever the new laser weapon system, known as LaWS, was successfully deployed and State Laser-Technology Maturation program. According operated aboard a Navy ship in the Arabian Gulf. The to the U.S. Navy, combat-ready laser prototypes that weapon, which uses a form of concentrated directed- could be installed on vessels such as guided-missile energy to destroy a target, has been under destroyers and the Littoral Combat Ship in the early development by the Office of Naval Research for 2020s. several years. See it in action here: http://gcaptain.com/watch-u-s- navys-new-laser-weapon-action-photos- video/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&u tm_campaign=Feed%3A+Gcaptain+%28gCaptain.com %29 TIME-LAPSE VIDEO: ALLSEAS AUDACIA OFFSHORE PIPELAY VESSEL IN ACTION Check out this greatMIKE time SCHULER-lapse video showing exactly what Allseas’ newest pipelay vessel was built to do. -
Yamal LNG Project Completed and Put Into Operation Special Report
34 Special Report Yamal LNG Project Completed and Put into Operation Yamal LNG Project is China' s first overseas megaproject since the launch of the Belt and Road Imitative. It is also the country' s largest investment project in Russia, widely hailed as a fine example of China-Russia cooperation. CNPC participates in the operation of the project throughout the entire industrial chain and has become a vital player in the international LNG industry. Located in the Arctic Circle of the Yamal Peninsula in Russia, the Yamal project is an integrated project encompassing oil and gas exploration and development, natural gas processing, liquefaction, marketing and shipping. CNPC, China' s Silk Road Fund, Novatek and Total hold 20%, 9.9%, 50.1% and 20% of the equity shares of the project, respectively. "This project is of great significance, for it can help strengthen our economic cooperation with countries in the Asia Pacific region, particularly Reserves the People' s Republic of China, one of our most important partners in the region. Meanwhile, it is a model for successful international cooperation 60 million tons of condensate, 1.3 with France, Italy, Germany and other European trillion cubic meters of countries. " natural gas ——Vladimir Putin, President of Russia Annual capacity Funds raised 25 billion cubic meters of USD 19 billion, 63% natural gas, 1 million tons of which contributed of condensate by China 35 Mutual Benefit and Win-win Results Thanks to concerted efforts of various parties, the first LNG Train of Yamal Project became Four drilling rigs operational in December 2017. This will not only drive the development of Russia’ s energy sector and its border areas, but will also diversify China’ s clean energy supply. -
Gas-Emission Craters of the Yamal and Gydan Peninsulas
Received: 16 January 2019 Revised: 7 May 2019 Accepted: 11 May 2019 DOI: 10.1002/ppp.2014 Research Article Gas‐emission craters of the Yamal and Gydan peninsulas: A proposed mechanism for lake genesis and development of permafrost landscapes Yury A. Dvornikov1 | Marina O. Leibman1,2 | Artem V. Khomutov1,2 | Alexander I. Kizyakov3 | Petr Semenov4 | Ingeborg Bussmann5 | Evgeny M. Babkin1 | Birgit Heim6 | Alexey Portnov7 | Elena A. Babkina1 | Irina D. Streletskaya3 | Antonina A. Chetverova8,9 | Anna Kozachek8 | Hanno Meyer6 1 Earth Cryosphere Institute of Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RAS, Tyumen, Russia Abstract 2 Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia This paper describes two gas‐emission craters (GECs) in permafrost regions of the 3 Lomonosov Moscow State University, Yamal and Gydan peninsulas. We show that in three consecutive years after GEC for- Moscow, Russia mation (2014–2017), both morphometry and hydrochemistry of the inner crater lakes 4 I.S. Gramberg All‐Russia Scientific Research Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources of can become indistinguishable from other lakes. Craters GEC‐1 and AntGEC, with ini- the World Ocean (VNIIOkeangeologia), Saint‐ tial depths of 50–70 and 15–19 m respectively, have transformed into lakes 3–5m Petersburg, Russia deep. Crater‐like depressions were mapped in the bottom of 13 out of 22 Yamal 5 Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Germany lakes. However, we found no evidence that these depressions could have been 6 Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre formed as a result of gas emission. Dissolved methane (dCH4) concentration mea- for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany sured in the water collected from these depressions was at a background level 7 School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State (45 ppm on average). -
Nord Stream 2
urgewald CLIMATE DISASTER ... stranded asset, geopolitical hornets’ nest – Why Nord Stream 2 is a bad deal. Gas is part of the problem, not part of the solution Content 1. Executive summary ................................................... 3 2. The interests behind Nord Stream 2 ..................................... 4 3. The companies behind Nord Stream 2 .................................... 6 3.1 The company behind the pipeline: Gazprom ...........................7 3.2 A perfect partner: Wintershall Dea ....................................8 3.3 The other German player: Uniper .....................................9 3.4 The new producer in Siberia: OMV ..................................10 3.5 Expanding its business in Russia: Shell ..............................11 3.6 The big French gas player: Engie ....................................12 4. Where the gas comes from: Devastating effects on Indigenous livelihoods and the environment in Yamal ............................... 13 FAQ: Unpacking the industry’s lies about the need for Nord Stream 2. 16 Cover: ©iStock_Ladislav Kubeš, Shutterstock_Ksanawo Kubeš, ©iStock_Ladislav Cover: 2 1. Executive summary Nord Stream 2 is part of a system of underwater pipelines This briefing paper outlines the involvement of Nord in the Baltic Sea intended to transport gas over 1200 km Stream 2 AG owner Gazprom and the five financiers of the from Russia to Germany. The pipeline would connect gas project: Wintershall Dea, Uniper, OMV, Shell, and Engie. facilities in Ust-Luga in the Leningrad region with a termi- All of these companies either have long-term contracts nal in Lubmin, a small town on Germany’s Northeastern with Gazprom or joint gas and oil operations in Russia, coast. Nord Stream 2 is disastrous for the climate and not some of which lie in gas fields that will feed Nord Stream 2. -
LUKOMORYE Project of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
RUSSIAN GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY FOUNDED IN 1845 LUKOMORYE Project of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Department of Russian Geographical Society All-Russian Public Organization Project Authors: I. G. Kuznetsov I. Y. Sharovatov 2010 Contents. Introduction Goal and Tasks of the Project. 1. Lukomorye – Historic Territory of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. 1.1. Stories about Lukomorye. 1.2. Lukomorye and A. S. Pushkin. 1.3. Where is Lukomorye? 2. Organization and Conduction of Research and Exploratory Expeditions in Lukomorye. I. Methods and Stages of Realization. I.1. Stage One. Collection of Information. I.2. Stage Two. Expeditionary Activities. I. 2. 1. “In Search of Sapoto Settlements”. I. 2. 2. “The Poluy. Camps of Construction Site No. 501”. I. 2. 3. Large-Scale Expedition “The Poluy River”. I.3. Stage Three. Processing of Gathered Materials. II. Expected Results. Introduction. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is a wide geographical region, which includes forests, forest tundra, tundra, polar and mountain areas. Numerous lakes and branched rivers of the district form various riverside areas with peculiar flora and fauna. One of these areas is the historic Lukomorye, where the district preserves were established for the purpose of conservation and recovery of flora and fauna resources and protection of rare and endangered species of animals, plants and their gene pool. Lukomorye is interesting not only in terms of the landscape and natural features, it is also the historical and cultural heritage, which includes abandoned objects of human activity of different times. Natural and historical potential of the poorly explored areas of Lukomorye requires complex disclosure and provision of information about the area. -
PDF Version Geological Prospecting and Oilfield Development
GAZPROM NEFT Company profile Strategic report Performance Technological development Gazprom Neft digital system Governance system identifies new oil strata Sustainable development in the Yamalo-Nenets Appendices Autonomous Okrug Geological prospecting and oilfield development The company is developing projects More than 12 million tonnes of ARCO complex of field oil-rims united grouped into large clusters on the (Arctic) oil have now been produced by a single infrastructure. The Yamal Peninsula, in Eastern and over the six years in which the fields currently being developed Western Siberia, in the Orenburg Prirazlomnaya platform has been in include Pestsovoye, En-Yakhinskoye Oblast, as well as through joint continuous operation, with 19 wells and Zapadno-Tarkosalinskoye, ventures with foreign partners. having been drilled. Three further with exploration activities under wells will be built and commissioned way at the Yamburgskoye field. In 2019, Gazprom Neft expanded at Russia’s first ever project on the Furthermore, in July 2019 Gazprom its resource base primarily through Russian Arctic Shelf in 2020. Neft secured development rights to organic growth at its existing assets. the Urengoyskoye field and Achimov This involved drilling 59 exploration gas-condensate deposits at the wells (including joint ventures). The Pestsovoye field. total drilling in 2019 (including joint mt ventures and projects) reached 167.7 Of those projects mentioned kilometres. According to Russian 12 above, Yamburg is set to become assessment standards, the success the largest new project in the rate for exploration drilling in 2019 of ARCO oil produced Arctic; estimated oil reserves of was 76%. the Achimov deposits within the licence block exceed four billion Two-dimensional (2D) seismic tonnes. -
Rosneft Annual Report 2012
ROSNEFT ANNUAL REPORT RESPONSIBILITY 2012 TO BE A LEADER ROSNEFT IS THE LEADER OF THE RUSSIAN OIL INDUSTRY AND ONE OF THE WORLD’S LARGEST PUBLICLY TRADED OIL AND GAS CORPORATIONS BUSINESS GEOGRAPHY: Nearly all regions of Russia and a number of foreign countries. MAIN BUSINESSES: Exploration and producton of oil and gas, production of petroleum products and petrochemicals, sale of outputs in Russia and abroad. MAIN ASSETS: • PRMS proved reserves: 18.3 billion barrels of crude oil and 992 bcm of gas; • 424 producing fields with annual output above 890 million barrels of oil and 16 bcm of gas; • 7 oil refineries in Russia with aggregate refining capacity of 54 mln t of oil per annum; • Stakes in 4 refineries in Germany with net capacity of 11.5 mln t of oil per annum; • 1,691 operating filling stations under the Rosneft brand in 46 regions of Russia and 3 filling stations in Abkhazia. COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES: • Resource base of unique scale and quality; • Russia’s largest greenfield projects; • Lowest unit lifting costs; • Status of a Company of strategic importance for the Russian Federation. FUTURE: A global energy Company, providing consistently high returns to shareholders through sustainable growth, efficiency gains and innovation, including the design and application of new technologies. DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES: • Maintaining production levels at existing fields and devel- opment of new fields, both onshore and offshore; • Bringing hard-to-recover reserves into production; • Efficient monetization of associated and natural gas reserves; • Completing modernization of refining capacities; • Increasing marketing efficiency in Russia and internationally; • Achieving technology leadership thanks to in-house re- search and development work and strategic partnerships; • Implementing best practice in protection of the environ- ment and industrial safety.