New Century City Developments creating extraordinary value Third Global Workshop: November 9-11, 2009 Seoul, Korea

Michael Joroff, Dennis Frenchman, Francisca Rojas and the NCCs Massachusetts Institute of Technology Joint Program in City Design and Development School of Architecture and Planning in association with Urban Land Institute Seoul Development Institute supported by Seoul Metropolitan Government Sung Kyun Kwan University Seoul Business Agency

Contents

Introduction

New Century Cities 6

Organizing for NCCs 8

Mediated Environments 10

Case Studies

MIT/Kendall, Cambridge, MA 14

Ørestad Nord, Copenhagen 18

one-north, Singapore 24

Arabianranta, Helsinki 28

Seoul Digital Media City, Seoul 32

Titanic Quarter, Belfast 36

Milla Digital, Zaragoza 40

MediaCityUK, Salford 46

Masdar City, Abu Dhabi 50

4 5 New Century Cities

Industry, government, and institutional action in several cities around the world are converging to create new explicitlydifferent economic,seek to leverage social, theand synergies technological between times. learning, Strategic The intent of this convergence is to develop the human livingvisions, and not working concrete through plans, guidephysical their design development. and information They andgeographic social capital clusters that that will promote make these specific sectors business successful sectors. in tests, rehearsals, and probes even as plans and agreements within large-scale real estate development project areas and communications s infrastructures. NCC are launched as thatthe global we refer economy. to as New These Century clusters City are developments, being established or NCCs . They are driven by inter-organizational and cross-industry for implementation evolve. Instead of following a ’learn and collaboration, open systems for R&D, and workers who consequently,launch‘ model, their NCCs structure ’launch and and learn.’ management They proceed is designed with have the aptitudes and skills required by the networked, tothe be assumption nimble – capable that their of changing development as the is economicnever finished; and response to the current environment of industry knowledge economy of the future. NCCs are an appropriate social milieu evolves. Principles, Places, and Goals transformation, rapid change, and uncertainty. The principles guiding the creation of NCCs more closely Distinctive Features resemble those of modern enterprises than of traditional New Century City projects aim to deploy and test current and emerging ideas about city design, planning and city planning.• A strong Those narrative principles about include: intent and future context • Guidance by strategic vision rather than by rigid development.• Provide As mixedreal estate use and projects, working/living these places: master plans environments that anticipate emerging lifestyles • Agility—the ability to accommodate rehearsing, • Blend digital media into the physical cityscape beta testing, and continuous improvement • Support business and social activity in physical and • Guidance by evolving partnerships and the online venues integration of multiple interests • Use advanced information and community-oriented • Decentralized authority and varying degrees of

services • Promotetechnologies sustainability for efficient management of urban New Centurypower City and developments influence are popping up in very • Express narratives that celebrate the experience of place and community • Leverage transformation of educational systems different parts of the world: Abu Dhabi (Masdar City); • Foster linkages between universities, and between Belfast (Titanic Quarter); Cambridge, Massachusetts universities and businesses (MIT-Kendall area); Copenhagen (Orestad Nord); Helsinki • Facilitate working relationships among small and (Arabianranta); Salford/Manchester (Media City UK); large companies Seoul (Digital Media City); Singapore (One North); and • Foster new processes and arrangements for Zaragoza, Spain (Milla Digital). These projects vary in focus, incubation size, and organization. They focus on different industry sectors, including: media (content and delivery systems); The ‘science cities’ and ‘technopoles’ of the twentieth bio- and nanotechnology; clean energy; design arts; and century are the antecedents of New Century City atinformation the top end, and to communication Belfast’s 185-acre technologies. Titanic Quarter, Their which sizes isalso neverthelessalso vary. They range one from of Europe’s 50onMasdar largest City waterfront in Abu Dhabi 1970s and 1980s as single use enclaves, built solely for the developments. Those projects were conceived in the hovers at around 200 acres, such as Helsinki’s Arabianranta are for the 2020s and 2030s and are being launched in very development projects. On average, the size of NCC districts production of scientific and technological knowledge. NCCs and the Salford’s Media City UK. 6 Central authorities and master plans direct some NCC development, Seoul’s Digital Media City being a prime looselyexample. guided Others, by such strategic as the visions, area around with different the Massachusetts degrees of collaborationInstitute of Technology between the (MIT), academic have taken instutitioninstitution, shape over time, promotelocal government, human and private social developers, capital in support and R&D of enterprises.a particular Despite these differences, NCCs share a common goal: to start and drive human and social capital development within industry, and to do so quickly. NCC projects seek to jump- a decade or two; many existing industry clusters, in contrast, have required scores of years to develop.

7 Organizing for NCCs

A Complex Array of Participants New Century Cities have ambitious social, economic and NCC participants and stakeholders is more complex than business objectives, and weave together both physical around the Salford’s MediaCityUK project. The array of

appears on the surface. Of the involved organizations, few estateand digital companies, environments. government To be planners, successful, permitting they must and Theseare monoliths: subgroups instead, have divergent they are composed interests and of subgroups different developmentengage a wide authorities, range of organizations: cultural institutions, commercial universities, real that participate at different phases of NCC development. public education authorities, industry associations, and in an NCC project may contribute faculty talent from several departments,contributions high-levelto make. For administrators, example, a university and the university’s involved are also players—as tenantsmanpower and development as parties interested agencies. in Large human corporations and social capitaland Similarly, a small and medium enterprises (SMEs) corporateexternal affairs participant staff. Eachwill likely of these harness subgroups the talents may act of oneon its or moreown or of work its production through a divisions, single enterprise its R&D leader.center, and its new thedevelopment. active involvement Venture capitalistsof information and organizationsand communications that venture groups and will rely upon its corporate real estate ‘incubate’ talent also play a part. These projects also attract and IT divisions to provide the needed systems to support places as ‘living laboratories’ in which to conceive and test technology firms that provide infrastructure and use these of the world also become involved as business partners, Organizationalwork. arrangements take different forms in each new services and products. Enterprises in other parts NCC, as illustrated by the diagram for the Seoul Digital

Theconsultants, diagram or below contracted describes agencies. graphically the convergence different objectives and varying degrees of authority and of many public, private, and cross-border participants Media City. Here too a complex array of partners with

power are involved.

Participants in the MediaCityUK project (by C. Todd)

8 Participants in Seoul’s Digital Media City Project (by D. Kim)

language of each, works across boundaries to build With many participants representing different interests, consensus, facilitates joint development, and brokers the That coordination must align the interests of real estate and human/social capital The integrator understands the project’s story and helps substantial coordination is required. keydeals stakeholders that must be shape made it for in termsa project that to others move forward.understand development, even when financial models and cultures is a wellspring of creative ideas that serves the project as interestscollide. Real and estate tactics developers of human/social require capital predictable developers, financial aand whole, accept. even In as the it handsrespects of thea skilled objectives integrator, of individual that story however,flows and are time not schedules bound by represented predictions in and a master hard-and-fast plan. The

NCCstakeholders. developments are qualitatively different than typical Newplans; Century instead, City they projects evolve overare organized time and inare very bound different up in strategic visions. contributors representing different industries and technical real estate projects. They involve more partners and forways; example, consequently, the land power belongs and to authority the government, among while in participating stakeholders vary widely. In one project, areas of expertise. They are guided by a different vision and constituted task force of major stakeholders directs overall a different set of principles. They are organized in different another to a private company. In one project a formally ways. They focus less on completion than on evolution are made on a deal-by-deal basis, guided by loosely formed beand witnessing adaptation. the Where rise of traditional a new city projects building are industry fixed, NCCs, one policy and strategy execution. In another, most decisions are flexible. Given these substantial differences, we may strong, formally organized planning and management connect industry to industry, institutions to industry, people stakeholder coalitions. Some projects are formed around tocapable people, of anddriving enterprises twenty-first and centurypeople to developments places in new, that groups; others rely on one or more groups to provide Nonetwork matter management. how organized and directed, an individual or evolving ways. group is often designated or evolves into an ‘integrator’ of of all key stakeholders, speaks the technical or professional the NCC project. This integrator recognizes the objectives 9 Mediated Environments

The Digitally Mediated Public Realm

Elements such as wireless networks, copper wires, fiber provideoptic cables, a nervous sensors, system radio for frequency the public identification realm in New tags (RFID), digital kiosks and handheld electronic devices

Century City projects. As in many cities around the world, this system is used to manage traffic, utilities, energy, communicationsecurity and other that functions is the lifeblood of modern of modern life. This organizations system also provides the channel for the flow of information and

Severaland personal New Century life. City developments uniquely use digital media technologies throughout their public realm to create a rich public experience for those who live,

‘technology’ interventions, rather, digital technologies are work, entertain and shop in them. These are not solely used to enhance the sense of place, to foster community, A responsive, interactive media market. to engage people in shaping their environment, to delight, (by D. Frenchman and A. Sanal)

Technology provides the means but it is the sensibilities and behaviorand to provide of the unique people experiencesthemselves thatto anyone will create in the these area. new The street level of buildings, architectural facades and street tenants and visitors that make these projects successful. Digitally mediated streets, plazas and media markets appear Electronicenvironments. displays, art and mediated events have long been asfurniture a new typein NCCs of place become for publictableaus engagement for creating – andexperiences. are new features in public areas of cities around the world, and many

Myeong-dong, Tokyo’s Ginza and Shibuya, Hong Kong’s Thereal elementsestate products. of a mediated place include ambient Nathancities have Road districts and Wan that Chai, are alreadyManhattan’s full of Time media. Square Seoul’s and London’s Picadilly are just a few of the well known commercial streets ablaze with signs and lights, showering 1.technologies, Ambient technology digital systems, and places. Ubiquitous wireless access to the Internet within an area But the mediated environments of New Century City coupled with location-based services to users in a place, developmentsthose who walk are on different them with because information they interact and sensation. with and often young or youthful at any age, that is increasingly withinare the thekeys area to mediating and elsewhere, a responsive enabling environment. them to work, This learn, digitallyare shaped savvy, by the accustomed actions of to people. instantly They communicating serve a population, with sociallyallows an connect, open flow inform of information and entertain to andthemselves from people wherever anyone, anywhere, interested in experiencing the moment, impatient to satisfy their interests, and acutely wanting to be 2.they Digital may be. systems Display and interactive communication systems are Theon the potential ‘edge.’ impact of these new environments for the incorporated into everyday objects of the city so that they commercial success of a real estate development project can sense and respond to the environment and people

street and building lights, signs, community bulletin boards, willis straightforward: help to attract thethey kinds make of the commercial development and attractiveresidential pavement,around them. information These include kiosks, programmable bus stop walls, and café addressable tabletops, and brand it as a place of the future. This, it is anticipated, 10 shading or awnings, and other elements that facilitate the objects can now adjust in real time and are controllable byuse the of thepublic, public building environment. or area managers, These traditionally or the natural inert

3.environment Digital places and social atmosphere of the place itself. Digital places bring together ambient technology, digital plaza,systems, a street, physical a mall form can and be activity transformed to create as a a place set of to specific celebrateexperiences a holiday, in geographically to create an defined event inplaces. a moment, A park, to alast a moment, for a predetermined time or only as long as people physical elements create a human scale and moderate the levelin the of area activity wish. in Careful these places orchestration without overwhelmingof the digital and the users, although at times, special events could call for more very rich venues for formal and informal education and cratesaturated opportunities engagement. that Theseblend placesconsumption also create and new,production, often enriching retail, education and entertainment experiences characteristic of these places – that is, the users can access theand programmable creating new value. elements Open through source personalengagement or commonly can be a shared devices (such as kiosks or programmable tabletops or wall surfaces) to modify them to address their interests top: in the Zaragoza Milla Digital, a digital framework is overlaid Examplesand needs. of projects and events of the kind just described onto the physical framework for development. (by D. Frenchman) bottom: A scenario for a responsive place system (by A. Sanal) City developments are places of and for the future, their plannerscan be found start around development the world. with But a deliberate because New vision Century to create a ‘new’ environment that blends digital technology A new kind of public realm is emerging in several of these backbone and nurture the organizational arrangements andinto imaginativethe physical programmingfabric. They install that will the eventually technological make NCC developments that is not the slick, efficient, science the public realm of these projects engaging and delightful mediatedfiction, highly development organized is city kind of oftomorrow messy, with that activities is often andenvisioned uses all in mixed futuristic up and literature. things in In a constantreality, the state digitally of laboratories to testto the new people technologies that they and host. its Developersacceptability of andseveral uses of by these the environment raises interesting questions concerning projects specifically use the public realm as whoadjustment manages and the change. change This and kindwho ofis responsiblechanging, responsive for these developments are drawn into this experimental milieu public and to estimate business values. Residents in some of The city? Media companies? Real estate developers? The Arabianranta district voluntary test new media technologies residents,programming workers and adding or visitors content in the to area?the public Such realm. policy as active participants. For instance, those living in Helsinki’s questions have always been present in the public realm but and applications for the development’s ICT partners. 11 An interactive street lighting system (by A. Sanal)

they become more imperative when change is ubiquitous

Oneand canapproach happen being in real explored time. in Zaragoza is to make digital environments that are ‘open source’, in which a structure of use and content emerges from the bottom up based on a set of rules imposed from the top down – a kind of

Zaragoza’s‘wiki’ Milla ‘openDigital. source’ A new approach cultural institutionto civic engagement that engages representsa wide range just of onepartners way to would manage manage these this new process. interactive, future is yet to be invented, and organizational design is likelycontinuously to be one shaping of continuous public environments. development, engagingHere too thea variety of partners whose relationships will be set by the particular circumstances that mark each New Century City

development.

12 13 MIT/Kendall, Cambridge, MA

Location: Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA Size:

Dates 160 of Planning acre (65 hectare) and Development: campus extending 1916 to along present the Charles River, as well as 95 acres (38 hectares) of MIT-owned land in Link:Cambridge. Technology companies in Kendall Square area add an additional 100 acres (40 hectares)

Purposehttp://web.mit.edu/evolving class educational institution whose guiding principle in The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a world- To this end, the institution has created, a physical, social andteaching intellectual, and research “infrastructure is relevance of inventionto the practical that fosters world. the is made evident in the neighborhoods that surround MIT, Kendallunfettered Square cross-fertilization and Central Square, of ideas.” which This together infrastructure form one of the world’s prime biotechnology and research centers. Background MIT and the area immediately around it – often referred to by the names of its surrounding neighborhoods, Kendall Square and Central Square– is not a New Century City development in the sense of those we see in Singapore into existence in the early years of the 21st emergenceor Helsinki. of Those the area are aroundsingle developments MIT as a knowledge-based just coming Overview of MIT, Kendall Square, University Park at MIT and economic zone started in the middle of the century. 20th century, The Downtown Boston. (Landslides Aerial Photography, from: www. forestcityscience.net) replacing an antiquated 19th century manufacturing by new science and technology based enterprises emerging focused initially on electronics and followed by computer afterdistrict. World The War incremental II, the needs renewal of the of Cambridge the area was municipality spurred to rebuild its economic base, and MIT’s desire to enhance to evolve is a tribute to the creative skills of its faculty and hardware and software developers. The ability of the area the quality of its environment and to provide a supportive students, agile management by the Institute, government, physical setting for startup companies emerging from MIT’s and industry partners to respond to and, at times, drive the area illustrates the achievement of many of the human and ever-changing frontiers of science, technology and society. sociallaboratories capital and objectives workshops. that motivateWhat happened NCC developments within this The breadth and depth of human capital within the area is and its experience is qualitatively comparable to the NCCs. extraordinary. The Institute alone has over 20,000 faculty, Industry Focus havestaff andgravitated students. to the Thousands area in order more to highly take advantageeducated of people work for the R&D centers and start-up firms that Today MIT and its environs are one of the world’s leading R&D centers and a world-class hub for life sciences, the human and scientific capital cluster around MIT and theother businesses first-rate thatresearch it has institutes generated, located would nearby rank twenty- (Harvard, Boston University, Tufts). If it were a nation, MIT and all of generationsbiotechnology, of innovation-basednew media, artificial industrial intelligence concentrations, and nanotechnology. This capability builds upon earlier fourth in terms of gross domestic product. And it continues 14 Map of the MIT campus. Buildings in red are recently constructed projects. Most of these are strategically located between Kendall Square and University Park at MIT. to produce new scientists and engineers who, in turn, are research work during World War II, were looking for convenient areas next to MIT to accommodate companies creating new economic value in the private sector. improvementsthat would incubate to the this very research deteriorated, into commercial long-abandoned products. TheInnovation Institute is promotesthe hallmark an entrepreneurialof MIT. Many members attitude of through the The Institute also wanted to encourage significant physical research,faculty are teaching entrepreneurs and alumni as well programs as world-class and professional researchers. The shared objective was to revitalize the area as a mixed- industrial area on the northern boundary of its campus. aggressive industrial liaison program that spans the globe accommodation for changing technologies, encourage andeducation actively networks. helps its MITresearchers has a highly to commercialize professional and their communicationuse physical environment between the that university would provide and industry, flexible and knowledge and discoveries through its technology licensing provide a congenial environment for a knowledge-based schools at all levels to engage them in research projects continues to guide development in areas north and east of office. The Institute also reaches out to Boston area public work force. The vision that evolved from these plans to the Open Courseware Program, MITs entire curriculum and teachingpartners materialswith them are to teachmade scienceavailable programs. over the WebThanks Atthe critical MIT campus. points in the development of the area, MIT matched its research and development agenda with its real global partners and its educators teach students throughout estate investment strategy to help leverage the development theto anyone world throughwith Internet ICT networks, access. Its even researchers offering doctoralwork with of areas adjacent to campus as a base for technology

Cambridge, MIT using a portion of its endowment created degrees though the Internet. acompanies. partnership In with the earlyprivate 1960s, developers, at the behest Cabot ofCabot the Cityand of Development Process Today’s MIT-Kendall Square area has its origins in several plans created in the mid-twentieth century by the City of Forbes, and embarked on Cambridge’s first large-scale incommercial Kendall Square, development: this pioneering the Technology effort set Square in motion research the During the 1950s and -60s, the City desperately needed and development park. The site of a former soap factory toCambridge rebuild its with economic citizen, base, industry which and had MIT declined participation. for many in 1965 by a Cambridge redevelopment project for the renaissance of Cambridge’s economy. This was followed initiative has acted as a long-term seedbed for start-up facultydecades. and The students, Post-War seeking national to exploitprogram their for urbanextraordinary renewal remainder of the rundown Kendall Square area. This provided added impetus for addressing these problems. MIT 15 firms, which originally located in old industrial facilities, and transformed the area into a landscape of modern buildings assistance was an essential component for leveraging housing high-tech and related companies. MIT’s financial government to locate a major research center in Kendall federal funds for this project. The decision of the federal

Square, influenced by MIT’s immediate proximity, was a Followingcritical factor on fromto induce these private initial redevelopmentinvestment in the efforts, area. MIT sponsored the University Park at MIT plan as a mixed- invited private developers to undertake this venture on land use development centered on emerging technologies. MIT The Forest City Development Company was selected and assembled by MIT in the 1970s and leased to the developer. R&D space, almost 700 units of rental housing, a grocery they have developed 1.3 million square feet of office and

store, hotel and seven acres of parkland. On adjacent sites, MIT has participatedlocated three in MIT the graduate development student of these residences. project support to the City to leverage federal and private funding,areas through drawing adroit industry financial into management, the area, providing by providing land for development and generally helping to keep alive the ten years, this vision has increasingly come to include the long-term vision of the 1950-1960s plans. Over the past top: new housing in Kendall Square (photo by F. Rojas) construction of housing units and retail space in the area bottom: Site plan for University Park at MIT developed by Forest City. around Kendall Square to foster a livelier neighborhood Buildings in orange are residential and buildings in blue are office and R&D space (from www.forestcityscience.net) been changing its zoning laws and creating incentives to beyond daytime office hours. The City of Cambridge has foster a mixed-use neighborhood in the Kendall area so that area make bets about technology frontiers, but at the heart of the vision for the area is a nimbleness of mind and action park and capitalizes on transit accessibility and the area’s that allows key players to respond to technology evolution its character shifts away from that of a traditional office Park have gone through at least two evolutions of use and location next to MIT, biotech firms, start-ups and other residential units have been built in the vicinity of Kendall manyand the of globalthe older economy. buildings Technology in the area Square have seenand University four Square,Boston employers.making this Since Cambridge’s 2006, more fastest than growing 1,700 high-end residential

Thedifferent evolution industry of the waves area overis also the seen past in 50 its years. pattern of Thearea. partnerships that have driven the development of the

Different parties have taken leadership roles and different land ownership. The Institute has maintained strong area over the past half-century continue to operate today. partnerships are formed as the economic health of the example,management it provided of its own a 75-year campus land but leasehas been to the flexible developer in how it uses the land that it holds outside of the campus. For Nonetheless, interests always seem to coalesce to keep the REIT owned buildings at Technology Square, in which MIT mid-20area evolvesth and as municipal and MIT leadership changes. of University Park. MIT also retains the land under the

century vision alive. MIT and the industry in the 16 once had a major ownership stake. And the Cambridge Center project, a privately held development within the Kendall Square Urban Renewal project area, was made possible by special provisions of the National Housing Act which encouraged institutions like MIT to help the City of Cambridge finance the public share of the cost of land MITacquisition, has also preparation had a very purposeful and infrastructure. agenda for its own campus at the turn of the nineteenth century, MIT facilities havecampus been properties. designed toFrom encourage the initial cross-disciplinary design of the university located next to each other to encourage the cross-pollination connections and flexibility of use. Different departments are laboratoriesof ideas: a laboratory and teamwork may be spaces next to are a classroombuilt into computer and an administrative office may be nestled among lecture halls and A heatmap of the intensity of wireless network use on the MIT intocenters. a classroom Facilities or are a classroom designed tomay serve be convertedmultiple purposes into a campus from the MIT SENSEable City Lab’s iSpots project over time. For example a wet laboratory may be transformed (senseable.mit.edu/ispots) research center. aims to revitalize the area’s streetscapes with new amenities Integrating ICTs and Digital Media Information technology further links people and places Inand summary, media displays. MIT and its environs constitute part of what throughout the campus and all interior and most outdoor within MIT. High-speed broadband networks exist productive clustering of leading-edge commercial and Moreover, students have created multiple social networks academicevery New enterprises Century City connected development with aspireseach other to be: and a withhighly spaces are serviced by wireless network connections. originators of the Internet network, during the 1970s and 80sthrough MIT awas variety one ofof theelectronic few campuses venues inat theMIT. United As one States of the the world; and a producer of the human talent that will be the next generation of innovators and entrepreneurs.

Ironically,that was served although by Internet.the work of MIT is underpinned by Shaping the Future. very sophisticated ITC and new media technologies, analog References: information is what is most visible throughout the campus The Evolving MIT Campus. MIT: The Impact of /web.mit.Innovation edu/evolving/shaping.html have not yet found their way into the public spaces of the Bank Boston (March 1997). . and its environs. The fruits of the Institute’s laboratories MIT professional education program, web.mit..edu/mitpep. The MIT Wireless Museum Project, for one, allows visitors MIT Enterprise Forum, enterpriseforum.mit.edu toInstitute download or the information streets in theto their area. cell But phones this is orchanging. PDAs as MIT Industrial Liaison Program, ilp-www.mit.edu. MIT Technology Licensing Office, web.mit.edu/tlo Example of MIT outreach to K-12 students, esp.mit.edu.learn/splash they explore the campus. Several proposals for digital MIT Open Courseware, ocw.mit.edu involvemediation equipping of the campus the hallways are being with considered. sensor-enabled New displaysvisions pdfMIT Town Gown report 2008, http://web.mit.edu/govt- for MIT’s main corridor, the so-called Infinite Corridor, relations/www/government/towngown/towngown2008. personalized to one’s preferences. Another proposed plan 17 Ørestad Nord, Copenhagen

Location Size Dates of Planning: Ørestad districtand Development of Copenhagen, Denmark Developers: 110 acres (45 hectares) : Masterplan in 1994, inhabitants in 2005, completion 2025 Link : Ørestad Development Corporation (infrastructure). Development by landowners, private enterprises, and the stakeholders’ association, Ørestad Nord Gruppen. Purpose: www.orestad.dk, www.orestadnordgruppen.dk, www.crossroadscopenhagen.com Ørestad Nord houses a unique network of research institutions, private enterprises and public organizations, which together strive to strengthen cooperation within the

The vision for Ørestad North/Crossroads Copenhagen is tofields establish of culture, a place media as a andunique communications crossroads where technologies. people and creative ideas get together, and where knowledge is

Ørestaddeveloped North and isused. a diverse and experimental city district where physical proximity between culture, business, universities and homes generates activity and life around of inspiration for new projects, new products, new forms the clock. Straddling traditional boundaries, it is a zone international powerhouse of research, growth and user- drivenof social innovation, interaction accommodated and knowledge. in It a aimsphysical to be place an that Ørestad Nord seen from the east overlooking the City and Harbour of stimulates quality of life, business and welfare, and where Copenhagen. (courtesy Ørestad Nord Gruppen) people have the capacity to develop and benefit from Nord into an international research and development center Backgroundadvances in information and communication technology. Ørestad Nord is part of Ørestad, a new development area in for culture, media and communication technologies. between Copenhagen Airport and the City of Copenhagen, Industry Focus Copenhagen. Ørestad is located on 300 hectares (750 acres) The Ørestad Nord Master Plan originally sought to create a residential and working community of over 20,000 people university district combined with student hostels and family occupieswherein Ørestadthis formerly Nord vacanttakes up waterfront 45 hectares site, (110 which acres). is A linked to central Copenhagen by a transit line and to Sweden Corporation - decided to consolidate all of its divisions inapartments. a new multimedia However, center when in DR Ørestad - the Danish Nord, Broadcastingthe original concept shifted in order to recognize the need for a broader by a bridge crossing the Øresund. Parks and canals within has been sold to private investors for business premises, the site integrate water and open space. andmixture the planningof activities authorities in the district. are in Thusthe process far, a portion of changing of land most northern district, which is also closest to the historic cityØrestad center is divided of Copenhagen into four and city has districts. been at Ørestad the forefront Nord is of the build out, it is estimated that the land in Ørestad Nord will the original land use principles for Ørestad Nord. At full as student residence halls and apartment buildings, with institutionsthe district’s such development. as the Danish It combines Broadcasting residential Corporation, uses such be occupied by the following: 50% for public institutions the IT University and the University of Copenhagen, and the (universities and public media), 25% for business and 25% Keyfor residential. public institutions structure Ørestad Nord’s industry

Royal Library. These large institutions have turned Ørestad 18 ØRESTAD NORD - COPENHAGEN, DK

NJALSGADENJALSGADE K AREN BLIXENS ISLANDSBusiness BRYGGE ST. Bikubenkollegiet Islands Brygge Metro stop Dormitory VEJ Copenhagen UniversitKØBENHyAVNS, UNIVERSITETFaculty of Humanities Building site The National Royal Library Consumer Agency

EMIL HOLMS K

T ØRES ØRES T

Tietgenkollegiet

E BOUL ADS

BOLIGSLANGEN ANAL T ADS BOULE V OM KRISTENSENS Dormitory Business

“Boligslangen” AMA VEJ Residential units RUED LANGGAARDS

Building siteGER FÆLLEDVEJ

V ARD

Building siteVEJ “Karen Blixen ARD Parken” IT University of Copenhagen University has been on site for more than GRØNNINGEN Residential Building site AMAGER FÆLLEDVEJ 30focus: years, culture, the IT media University and ICT. of Copenhagen The Faculty movedof Humanities into new units buildings in 2004, the Danish Broadcasting Corporation KAJ MUNKS VEJ established a new headquarters in DR Byen in 2006, and the Royal National Library has constructed a university library Park DR - Danish Broadcasting Corporation leading Science Park in Copenhagen, Symbion – established thecomplex. Ørestad These Nord four Gruppen main stakeholders – along with the DR BYEN Building site Ørestad Nord Gruppen is the (Group). organization that represents Building site

DRDR-Byen BYEN ST. (UNIVERSITETET) district are members, including private companies, public Metro stop the users of Ørestad Nord. All the key stakeholdersØrestad Nord in the

GRØNJORDSVEJ Gruppen has become the city development agency of the GRØNJORDSVEJ Landowner’sinstitutions and Association residents’ and associations. directs all projects in the and maintaining a shared vision for the key stakeholders in public realm of the district. It is also charged with defining Site plan for Ørestad Nord (courtesy Ørestad Nord Gruppen)

Ørestad Nord. The project office of the group serves as the Crossroadscoordination Copenhagen and information was created center by for Ørestad the district. Nord research-based institution concerned with information Gruppen in 2002 as a platform for collaborative social The IT University of Copenhagen (ITU) is a teaching and applied research related to the interaction of information ICT-based projects, combining the talents of private technologies (IT). It is funded to undertake theoretical and innovation. It facilitates the realization of ambitious produce leading academic work that will enable Denmark to was established on the assumption that it is necessary to technologies with society. The mission of the ITU is to cooperatecompanies, across academia, the traditional and state institutions.silos of society The to network make use Thebecome University exceptional of Copenhagen’s in creating Faculty value with of Humanities IT. is Copenhagen focuses on facilitating development within the the largest of the University’s eight faculties, enrolling areasof the ofmany Lifelong new Learning,possibilities Health, that ICTsand Sustainability,offer. Crossroads and approximately 11,500 students who study nearly 50 is subsidized by the Ministry of Science, Technology and In order to make its research tangible and accessible to thedifferent public, subjects the Faculty ranging is actively from urban pursuing planning partnerships to Chinese. Innovation with 10 million DKK for a period of four years. with institutions and businesses both domestically and DRThe members pay an annual fee of 25.000 DKK. media organization in Denmark, providing public service and (Danish programs Broadcasting on all media Corporation) platforms relevant is the main to Danish public entrepreneurshipinternationally. In ataccordance the student with level this by goal, launching the Faculty an has expanded its work in the fields of innovation and DR Byen fullmedia operation users. DR and has includes built a workingnew, fully space digitized for 2,500 media staff center Symbionincubator is for the its largest master’s science students. park in Copenhagen and in Ørestad Nord. Known as (DR Town), it is in areas with shops and restaurants, and a concert hall for This science park is a dynamic environment where 1,800members, people TV designedand radio by studios, the French play-out architect facilities, Jean public Nouvel, among the leading entrepreneurship players in Denmark. help commercialize innovative and high tech projects in research meets trade and commerce. The mission is to which was inaugurated in January 2009. the fields of IT, telecommunications, biotech, pharma and 19 medico. Symbion offers various development and growth programs for high tech startup companies and operates the Ørestad Nord Gruppen manages the urban development IT-Incubator 5th th’ is a partnership in Ørestad North in cooperation with the Landowner’s between Symbion, the Alexandra Institute/Innovation Association through different types of user-driven projects, at the IT University. The ‘5 with ‘5th’ is to offer an attractive growth environment project is to use undeveloped building sites as temporary toLab entrepreneurs, Katrinebjerg, andstudents, Incubator scientists Science and Park. established The aim publicand in spacesclose dialogue and test-laboratories with the Municipality. for different One typestype of of enterprises as well as to serve as a catalyst for establishing co-working and science projects, demos, and exhibition projectsactivities. include The ‘test-results’ physical interventions create a knowledge-base to improve the for urban the climatefuture planning and scale and so developmentthat people feel of invitedØrestad to Nord. use andOther stay Finally,activities. Copenhagen Living Lab is a private, Danish street furniture, digital light and media art, and cultural eventsin the district’s are all used public as tools spaces. for Temporary generating shops,the experience moveable consultancy firm, operating in the field of user-driven of urban life in the early stages of development in Ørestad facilitatesinnovation. complex It develops co-creation research processes, methods aswhere well mutualas models businessand frameworks partners for and open customers innovation become processes. involved It also as Nord. company focuses on people-centered innovation, helping Integrating ICT and Digital Media active players in the development of new solutions. The ICT company on the Danish market can be involved in any Laborganizations takes its name to reconfigure from the Living their products Lab concept based that on uses insight Ørestad Nord does not have a specific ICT provider; any urbaninto people’s environments practices as and platforms perceptions. for ongoing Copenhagen innovation Living of national and global ICT companies are members of the Crossroadsdevelopment Copenhagen project in the network, district. among However, them a CSC,number Nokia, IT-centered population and institutions, Ørestad Nord is projects in real world scenarios. With its culture, media and WhenTDC and Crossroads HP members Copenhagen of the Board was ofestablished Governors. in 2002 considered an ideal place for a large-scale living lab. it was conceived as providing a comprehensive IT Development Process As a new city district, Ørestad has been developed on the partners concluded that it was not feasible to invest in basis of a master plan produced through an international technicalinfrastructure infrastructure for Ørestad before Nord. customers However, hadthe privatemoved into the district, since no public funds were available for the ICT and the Danish State transferred ownership of the 300 hectaresarchitectural of Ørestad competition to the inØrestad 1994. DevelopmentThe City of Copenhagen Corporation infrastructure. As a result, there is no shared ICT structure ITintegrated solutions in are the developed overall planning and hosted of Ørestad individually Nord. by in 1993. The task of the corporation was to develop the basic infrastructure (roads, open spaces, parks, canals, whichwater supply,was therefore electricity). built Thewithout sales straining of the building the budgets lots of newthe different technical tenants facilities according are introduced to their for specific research needs, and financed the infrastructure and the investment in the Metro, such as wireless, cable, , info-screens, etc. When needed, develop their buildings according to individual plans media and ICT is well developed in Denmark and consumers either the State or the City. Private or public landowners development projects. The consumer market for electronics, sold off, the responsibility for the further development and residential buildings in Ørestad Nord include connections maintenanceapproved by theof the municipality. shared public When areas most is handedof a city over block to is are fast buyers of new products. Consequently, all new the district Landowner’s Association. It is compulsory for all public as well as private landowners to be members of the Nevertheless,for cable TV, broadband in the present Internet, conception and wireless of Crossroads networks. Copenhagen, the intention is to develop future ICT-related

Landowner’s Association. The development process in 20 all of Ørestad Nord’s stakeholders such as its universities, projects as cooperative, “living lab” style projects involving example, the City of Copenhagen is a central partner in a numberbusinesses, of current media-developers ICT projects and hosted other in institutions. Ørestad Nord, For such as the development of new digital teaching tools with the cooperation of DR, Copenhagen University, various ICT companies, and the teachers and students in elementary

Thereschools are in alsoØrestad plans Nord to build and thea brand high newschool science in Ørestad area City. in Ørestad Nord, to be known as “International Grounds complex is being designed to accommodate 4 different types for New Innovative Technologies, or IGNITE. The IGNITE of activities:Development of start up companies focusing on

1. Researchtechnologies projects to improve and lab/test life (health, facilities assisted living, public welfare services, edutainment) 2. functionality of new technologies in student dorms, 3. apartments“Test – housing”, for the to disabled,experiment housing with the for useelderly and

Hub and expo areas for future technological citizens, etc. 4. IGNITE willpossibilities be interconnected in construction. through high speed IT infrastructure and developed to adapt to new functionalities, changing the use of the various buildings, and testing technologies in real life environments. Lessons Learned Transformed from a university district to a vision about the crossroads between culture, media and ICT to a mixed-use residential area focusing on local needs to… what is next? top: The Atrium at IT University. Meeting rooms are a part of the life of the building.

The development of Ørestad Nord is still underway. middle: Small temporary shops transform a traditional construction site fence into a living shopping zone

A transformation from vision to reality is a long journey. A bottom: The yellow chairs promote the flexible use of public spaces. fundamental question emerged from the first iteration of it created? A district is more than a business cluster, more (all images courtesy Orestad Nord Gruppen) Ørestad Nord: What is the value of this district, and how is The value of a district is what makes you consider locating therethan a - knowledgewhether you area are and a company, more concrete an institution than just or an human idea.

21 The public spaces in Ørestad Nord are galleries for light and media-art exhibitions. This runner (by Epi) crossed facades and infoscreens connecting buildings. (photo by Liselotte Sabroe) create district value? being looking for a home. But how can we describe and Development in Ørestad Nord has thus far has been focused on individual projects, as establishing a new district occupies much energy and thus limits people’s contribution

Nord view collaboration as a need – but they don’t have the to external activities. The small entrepreneurs in Ørestad For the larger entrepreneurs, the idea of establishing networksenergy and has resources been considered necessary a tonoble, fuel thoughlarge-scale unimportant, networks. function and may continue to be viewed as such unless they start building their strategies on an extended enterprise

model. If they do so, networks might become a “need” and Inthe 2001, “value the of ideadistrict” of the a competitiveintersection advantage.between culture, media and information technologies became the point of intersection for the founding members of the Ørestad insight into the motivations for change - the fears, hopes andNord dreams Group. of Today, people this - plays vision an is increasing even more role crucial in efforts since for

creating innovation and growth. 22 23 one-north, Singapore

Location Size Dates of Planning: Singapore and (Buona Development Vista) Developer: 450 acres (200 hectares) Link : 1995 to the present : Jurong Town Corporation Purpose: http://www.one-north.sg one-north is envisioned as Singapore’s icon of the sectors of biomedicine, information and communications knowledge economy. Its focus is on the critical growth is to develop a dynamic and vibrant community of people technologyies and media. One of the planning objectives is in line with one-north being a strategic national project forworking, Singapore living, – tolearnnding position ittheand playingcity-state in forthis knowledge- area. This based activities and to develop an innovation milieu with a wide range of stakeholders, including multinational corporations, government and private laboratories, public research institutes, tertiary institutions, start-up companies,

Ultimately, the goal is to create a knowledge community boundincubator not centers, just by a and place patent but by law a collectiveand venture identitfy capital of firms. innovation. Background one-north Master Plan by Zaha Hadid (courtesy JTC corporation))

an innovative integration of commercial hubs, research InOriginally 1995, Singapore’s conceived asScience Buona Hub Vista Steering Science Committee Park, one- institutes, residential units, educational institutes, sports setnorth a goal has todeveloped develop afar creative beyond community the traditional centered office on park. knowledge-based industries and the idea of innovation facilities as well as green open spaces. Industry Focus areecology, interconnected or efficient byinformation pockets of sharing. housing, A live/work comprehensive spaces, The one-north development is explicitly designed to mixed-use approach was taken to create office clusters that encourage connections, relationships, and interactions highway access, both existing and planned, connect one- retail spaces, and parks. Transit stations and convenient opportunities for collaboration and knowledge-sharing that within and beyond one-north. These in turn creates north to central Singapore. More than just “live/work,” this Coveringcommunity almost aims 200for ahectares, “live-work-play-learn” one-north is being mix ofdeveloped uses. one-northcan lead to is greater organized creativity around and three innovation. industry clusters or strategically located within close proximity to the National University ofin Singapore,phases over National a period University of 15 to 20 Hospital, years. Being Singapore to“Xchanges”. grow around The eachdevelopment cluster, as of well these as separate spaces planned hubs, as for Polytechnic and Singapore’s acclaimed Science Parks, opposed to one central core, was intentional. There is room enables one-north to remain connected to an integrated grows, allowing urban spaces to shape their own identities showcases future Xchanges. one-north is meant to fuse together as it part of Singapore’s R&D community. Its design 24 as they develop over time. The Phasing Plan for one-north (courtesy JTC corporation))

support world-class research programs in clinical and Life Xchange translational research as well as medical technology The Life Xchange, which covers 20 hectares of land, focuses

aresearch. design-build-own-operate The project was awarded tender toand Crescendas its two buildings, Group on the biomedical sciences. Biopolis, the purpose-built measuring(the first private 41,505 developer sqm in Gross in the Floor biomedical Area, will hub) be under biomedical R&D hub and the first major development of one-north, is located in Life Xchange. Biopolis Phase 1 opened in 2003 and has a gross floor area of 185,000 square Centralcompleted Xchange by the end of 2009. ameters cluster (sqm), of seven which interconnected houses a mix buildings, of public linkedand private by Central Xchange encompasses a mix of infocomms, media, skybridges,biomedical R&Dwhich institutes are dedicated and companies. to biomedical It comprises players from science and engineering industries along with residential the public and private sectors. Biopolis Phase 1 is almost at uses. It covers 30 ha of land with three major developments: Biopolisfull occupancy. Phase 2 opened in 2006 to cater to the growing riseFusionopolis complex of(Phase two towers, 1) is the which first major total 120,000 development sqm of in occupied and offers an additional 37,000 sqm of built-up Central Xchange and was completed in 2008. It is a high- demand for biomedical and R&D space. It is over 80% million Genexis Theater, a 600-seat experimental venue space. Sandwiched between the two towers is the new S$20 Phasearea. 3 of the Biopolis broke ground in April 2008 and is of a scientists, engineers, and media people, such as science known as “The Egg” that can accommodate the event needs It will tap into the synergies of the Biopolis cluster and laboratories covering the entire spectrum of science and a designated multi-tenanted biomedical research facility. and arts festivals. Future phases of Fusionopolis will house

25 engineering research, adding an estimated 104,000 sqm of one-northspace when Residences completed is in a 2010.405-unit condominium featuring integration of two historic Slim Barracks buildings on the fenceless and open floor spaces on the ground floor and the grounds. The condos went on the market in March 2007 and Thethe entire Wessex development Estate is a colonial will be completedstyle residential by 2009. area, which has been re-adapted into a creative enclave by the Jurong apartment blocks and 58 semi-detached houses covering 28 Town Corporation (JTC). It comprises a total of 26 walk-up hectares of land. It is home to a diverse community of artists, actors, designers and architects. JTC is currently developing Wessex Village Square, an area offering specialty retail, Vistaamong Xchange other services and amenities.

Vista XChange is the corporate and business service centre of one-north. When completed in 2011, it will house Xchangehigh-rise is offices, well supported a hotel, a retailby public and transportationurban entertainment through centre and residential developments on 17 ha of land. Vista the Buona Vista MRT station and a Circle Line MRT station, which is currently under construction. The three major Thedevelopments Hotel and Southin Vista Park XChange Quadrant are: mixed-use development which includes a business hotel, residential and mixed-use

Engineers Development Scheduled to be ready by 2010,complex it is on intended 1.4 ha to to be support developed a range by the of accommodationprivate United requirements for one-north, Pte Ltd.providing hotel rooms, serviced apartments and condominium units. top: Biopolis, a 185,000sqm biomedical R&D hub comprising five public research institutes. integrated cultural and retail complex The Civic, Cultural and Retail Complex (CCRC) is a fully middle: Fusionopolis, an info-communication, media and sciences a Civic and Cultural Zone, measuring overon a 30,000 1.9 ha sqmplot, innext hub to be launched in 2008. to the Buona Vista MRT Station. The CCRC will comprise is being developed by a private bottom: Civic, Cultural and Research Complex includes a 5,000 seat sectorGross Floor consortium Area (“GFA”), and a 24,000 sqm Retail and performing arts center. Entertainment Zone. It (from JTC corporation, one-north Development Group) Finally, to create Rochesteris scheduled Park to the be JTC ready refurbished by 2011. 11 of its historic bungalows into a dining and lifestyle hotspot

26 with a distinctive colonial-era façade, conserved to retain talented people, which in turn will generate interesting the interiors of the bungalows are customized to suit each the heritage and rustic environment of the area. However, interconnections among people and “knowledge accidents”. these bungalows including many restaurants and a holistic Integrating ICT and Digital Media tenant’s requirements. A variety of retail uses have leased The basic ICT infrastructure for one-north involves an health spa. There are also plans to convert another 20 based campus network is operated by an appointed bungalow units into a top-class serviced villa resort. Managingintegrated Agent wired who and wirelessoffers high-speed network. broadbandThis fiber-optic internet Development Process developer of industrial space, was commissioned by connections, VoIP, data hosting, CCTV and other services The Jurong Town Corporation (JTC), a quasi-governmental to tenants and residents. Each building includes a vertical formed in the late 1960s as a developer of petroleum and 100fiber-optic Mbps connection backbone from per tenant which andtenants a 20 and Mbps residents connection have petrochemicalthe Government processing to lead the plants one-north on Singapore’s project. JTC Jurong was access to the integrated network. The network provides a

Twofor each high-performance residential end-user. data centerseare linked across wasIsland. appointed The organization master developer eventually for expanded the one-north its scope project to include science parks, start-up office space, and housing. JTC one-north, including the Economic Development Board, tothe perform one-north as onecampus with by online, two routes real-time of fiber-optic synchronization cable8. thein September Urban Redevelopment 2000. Several Authority, government and boards the Singapore advise This dark-fiber connection allows the two data centers has also established in the public areas of Fusionopolis, includingof functions. the In one-north addition, Wireless a dedicated network, fiber-optic to allow network R&D However,Land Authority. JTC has The the principal necessary national authority ministries and operational involved are Trade and Industry, National Development, and Law. firms to test-bed their new IT products or services on independence to implement the one-north plan. Private campus, similar to the case of the European Living Labs. construction,developers and ownership, technology and firms operation are involved of biomedical in one-north researchthrough an facilities, RFI and a RFPbusiness process. hotel, Opportunities and ICT infrastructure include one-north’sand service contracts.mix of uses are carefully selected, clustered, interactionand interconnected. is offered, Flexible providing zoning an environment allows for new conducive urban topatterns spontaneous, and a fine-grained serendipitous mix interactions of uses. A context between for groups opportunities for human interaction by paying attention that might not otherwise meet. The master plan creates to interstitial spaces. Streets are narrow and pedestrian- hectares,friendly. A the “green one-north river” Parkpark, is also a continuous, known as the multi-purpose one-north spinePark, connectsof landscaped the different spaces that clusters runs or throughout Xchanges. the At 16one- planningnorth site. and It is design, also the one-north first public aims park to bringin Singapore together to provide wireless Internet connections. All in all, through 27 Arabianranta, Helsinki

Location Size Dates of Planning: Helsinki, andFinland Development Developers: 210 acres (85 hectares) Link : 1999 to the present (completion expected in 2013) : City of Helsinki with Art and Design City Helsinki (ADC) Ltd. Purpose: www.arabianranta.fi Arabianranta aims to be a leading center of art and design for the 21st Arabianranta experiments with ‘delivering’ knowledge, just as the city century. delivers As aother pilot servicesproject for to itsthe residents rest of Helsinki, Arabianranta is also conceived as a ‘futuristic business park’, . that combines living, studying and working on the same site. Background Arabianranta is a waterfront district on the site of Helsinki’s original founding 500 years ago, and home of the famous allowed the ceramics manufacturer to consolidate its operationsArabia pottery in the factory. basement As new of itsproduction original factory technologies building, the rest of the site became available for development in become a mixed-use neighborhood centered on the themes the late 1990s. Over the past ten years, Arabianranta has of art, design, and culture. By 2013 Arabianranta will be home to 10,000 residents of all ages and incomes; 13,000 university students in the fields of art, design and music; a network of waterfront parks and recreation facilities; a factoryneighborhood building retail are acenter; community and commercial library, classrooms office space, for the Universityenough for of 6,000 Art andemployees. Design Helsinki, Located inand the showrooms original Arabia and stores for Finnish-designed household objects and furniture. Industry Focus Art and design is what people value about Arabianranta and Site plan for Arabianranta (www.helsinki.fi) the development reinforces this vision through its mix of example, all of the design and media schools in Helsinki are locatedland uses, in Arabianranta,urban design, andincluding educational the prominent institutions. University For communityother public process spaces. whereDevelopers artists must and investdevelopers one to work two with residentspercent of to the determine total development how each costbuilding on public will incorporate art. This is a

Arabianranta’sof Art and Design. development and management entity, Art This program has resulted in several hundred pieces of publicart. There art madeis also by an 200 artistic artists coordinator and showcased for the throughout district. where public art is included in all buildings, parks and and Design City Helsinki (ADC) also sponsors a program 28 Arabianranta. Another feature of Arabianranta that helps to draw people andto the develop district services is its role related as one to of new Europe’s technologies first Living in real Labs. The objective of the Living Lab is to test, evaluate strategy mixes industrial development processes with real places and not only in R&D labs. So the “learning Living Lab by andliving” determines what services are tested and who participates life test-sites. ADC manages the Helsinki in the testing. Selected groups are chosen to test services according to their demographics and profiles. Arabianranta’s heterogeneous demographics in terms of housing (40% social housing, 60% private housing, including special Livinghousing Lab for function people with of the disabilities) district since and it otherpresents land industry uses (university, office, retail, etc.) serves as an asset for the with a broad range of people who can test out services. Development Process The City of Helsinki, which owns 70 percent of land in the capital city, assembled the property for Arabianranta. To Trademanage and the Industry, new development, the University the ofcity Art formed and Design, ADC Ltd. the in 1997. It is a partnership between the Finnish Ministry of

City of Helsinki, local landowners, and developers.

The first elements to be built on the site were housing, the Arabianrantaparks, and the to university the center buildings. of Helsinki Commercial within a 15 office minute, space has followed. A public transit line was extended to connect

Inone-seat Arabianranta ride. there is common ownership of services such as the broadband network, the parking spaces, and the top: The Arabia pottery factory building has been reused as a ICT network is available to all who live, study and work in commercial center, community library and for university classrooms Arabianranta,neighborhood everypublic developer spaces. To who ensure builds that a thenew community building (photo courtesy Kari Halinen)

bottom: residential buildings in Arabianranta (photo by F. Rojas) in the district must commit to joining the Helsinki Virtual Village (HVV), a state-of-the-art telecom infrastructure that incorporates the very latest services. Integrating ICT & Digital Media Community members can access the seamless, ubiquitous A principal goal for Arabianranta is to make fast, modern systemarea are using thus celllinked phones, by the PDAs, Helsinki digital Virtual television, Village and network. technology available to everybody – the residents, the personal computers. This broadband network delivers enterprises, and the students. The populations within the a 10MB connection to everyone (with the option of an 29 do not need to register to use the network, they simply plugupgrade in their up to computer 100MB). or Users other of digital the Helsinki device Virtual to access Village the network. Information security is in-built, and the package includes a firewall and virus blocking. The Internet Service Provider for Helsinki Virtual Village at the moment is Elisa EachLtd. residential building has a moderator that takes care upgrade and moderate their own community’s site and determineof the content what in informationthe house’s owngoes website. on the house They sitesupdate,

Keeping up a discussion board is one of the main duties and what info gets exported to the outside community. organizingof the moderator. groups They and engagingalso serve in as discussions mediators viabetween the ADC and its residents. Residents have been very active www. interestarabianranta.fi in meeting web and portal. building Since socialall the networks residents with within their the project are newcomers to the area, they have a specific neighbors. network with the art and design activities within The “Urban Screens” program also integrates the HVV university students in Arabianranta provide content for Arabianranta. It is a partnership where the 13,000 collects and selects content for the urban screens and staff screens placed throughout the district. A media designer

Launchedfrom ADC servein 2009 as ischief the editors for the screens. portal, which is a common platform from which carry out the Living Lab projects and a workplacewww.livinglabs.fi that joins all the different parties companies and schools use Arabianranta as a real world involved in Living Labs. Through the Living Lab project, to the Helsinki Living Lab focuses on the social effects of experiment in community networking. Research related Companies involved with this TEKES-project are Nokia, new technologies and on the usability of the applications. Aerial views of Arabianranta (courtesy Kari Halinen) Art and Design, Universities of Applied Sciences ARCADA andSaunalahti LAUREA, (Elisa), Centre Kesko for Knowledge and Destia andand Innovationthe University of

Research (CKIR).

30 31 Seoul Digital Media City, Seoul

Location: Seoul, Korea Size: Dates of Planning and Development: 2000 to the present Developers:135 acres (55 hectares) Link: Seoul Metropolitan Government, Seoul Housing Authority (Seoul Metropolitan Development Corporation) http://dmc.seoul.go.kr/english Seoul Digital Media City

Location: Seoul, Korea Size: Dates of Planning and Development: 2000 to the present Developers:135 acres Seoul (55 Metropolitanhectares) Government, Seoul

Link:Housing Authority (Seoul Metropolitan Development Corporation) http://dmc.seoul.go.kr/english Purpose The Seoul Digital Media City is a future-oriented, media industry complex that serves as a major center for information and communications technologies in northeast relationships between large, established companies and start-upAsia. It is ventures, also an incubator academic for researchers, developing and new global working R&D networks. Background project that would capitalize on the status of Korea as the world’sIn the late most 1990s, wired the nation, Seoul withgovernment its rapidly first growing proposed multi- a industriesmedia, information – as well technologyas companies (IT), whose and entertainmentcore business requiresindustries. the The use Digital of information, Media City communication, (DMC) promotes and these media technologies – to grow and prosper in the global business top: Aerial rendering of the Seoul Digital Media City bottom: Seoul Digital Media City under construction (courtesy D. Kim and SMDC) Theenvironment. DMC project serves the nation’s larger goals of transitioning from a manufacturing to an innovation economy and promoting Seoul as an east-Asian hub for harnesses the innovations of more than 10,000 small-scale social capital in the region. The DMC is a major nexus that incommerce. turn serve The to Seoulleverage government the development is using ofthe human Digital and Media City to establish partnerships with technology firms, which Internet, game, and telecommunications firms already 32 located in Seoul. The Digital Media City is part of the larger Millennium Complex which houses research centers, venture capital City project in the Sangamdong district of Seoul, 4 miles conceived as a new center for Seoul, and also includes the firms, space for foreign enterprises such as the firm Intel, (7km) from the central business district. Millennium City is and publicly-accessible production and studio facilities. inThese or near organizations the DMC are are schools, located 4,700 in the units DMC. of Also housing, on-site World Cup Park, a high-speed rail transportation hub (that commercialis a Korean German and convention Institute facilities, of Technology. entertainment Also located zones, will eventually link to North Korea), the Han River Park built the World Cup Stadium, and 4 subway lines, including one from the restored Nanji-do landfill, and a forthcoming Inner Harbor project. Industry Focus Thethat digitalreaches media the airport. and IT industries are attracted to the The DMC is home to established information and communications companies such as LG Telecom and thatDigital the Media project’s City mix because of tenants they: and1) value R&D the centers project’s offer spirit of innovation and human capital development; 2) recognize MBC, Korea’s largest broadcasting firm. It also hosts new enjoy the amenities offered on-site including parks, housing, media firms including digital publishing, broadcasting, and multiple opportunities for developing their industry; and 3) production studios; content production businesses in the areas of video games, soap operas, and film; and digital entertainment and retail. media R&D firms. The area also includes office space for Development Process start-ups, and other related companies that benefit from Initially, Seoul’s city government propelled the DMC’s Todigital ensure media capability technologies. building in all the digital media role of the private sector has increased and the national Culture sponsors a Contents Institute that performs R&D governmentdevelopment has process. begun As to the contribute project hasto the grown, development the by fields promoted by the DMC, the Korean Ministry of the Ministry of Information Technology supports an IT in the fields of gaming, animation and film. Likewise, locating several Ministry-supported R&D centers in the area. 33 – the former site of a railroad depot and waste dump near The Seoul Metropolitan Government first acquired the land The city government also provided the project’s initial fundingthe Han forRiver the – constructionfor the DMC byof theeminent area’s domain infrastructure, in 1994. including the installation of a state-of-the-art fiber optic cables. This investment leveraged the involvement of private Intechnology order to craftpartners a vision and anddevelopers. development strategy for the future-oriented, IT and digital media complex, the government partnered with the Seoul Development Institute phased(SDI), a outpublic its full-timethink tank, participation and with MIT’s in the City project Design after and Development group. The Seoul Development Institute SDI people then shifted over to form a regulatory body for the DMC,strategic establishing plan was bylawsformulated for development and accepted. to Several ensure arm, the Seoul Metropolitan Development Corporation, took continuity of concept. Meanwhile, the city’s development Development Corporation’s implementation task became selectingcharge of theimplementing project investors the DMC. in order A crucial to achieve aspect theof the desired tenant mix and to ensure that the development of

Inthe order project to drawcoincided desirable with thetenants, city’s the initial Seoul vision. Metropolitan Government provided the IT broadband and wireless network investment to serve the area, constructed the top: rendering of the Seoul DMC Landmark Building Project, to be the infrastructure, and provided tax incentives and favorably world’s second tallest building.(from dmc.seoul.go.kr) priced land for ‘magnet’ tenants, which are expected to draw in other companies because of their business relationships bottom: Digital Magic Space (courtesy XX) and because their presence brands the area as a prestige measuring 690 meters and containing a convention center, The Seoul Metropolitan Development Corporation built two buildingslocation. These for start-up magnet companies, tenants build offering their inexpensive own buildings. space aquarium, offices, residences, hotels, a department store and observation deck in 133 stories. Theand incubatingDMC has grown centers incrementally for future industries since land in went Korea. on the Integrating ICT & Digital Media A major feature of the project is the Digital Media Street, each being sold separately, and as of 2009, 42 lots have market in 2002. There are 51 lots available for development, an experimental space for cutting-edge media technologies such as the LG Headquarters – and twenty other buildings been sold. Seven buildings have already been completed – integrated with the everyday experience of a conventional street,and content. mixing This entertainment is where technological and retail uses innovation with technology is Seoul announced that the world’s second tallest building applications and incorporating the most advanced digital wouldare currently be constructed under construction. in the Digital In Media 2009 theCity Mayor by 2015, of

34 urban devices. The Digital Media Street is an opportunity realmto develop that blursand test the new transitional technologies, edge betweenand to refine public them and in privatea living spacelaboratory and joins environment. digital information The street with is a permeablephysical infrastructures, based upon wireless and sensor networks, places. New types of information-rich and responsive in the Seoul Metropolitan Government publication titled, will be installed on the street in several phases. As stated

“Digital Media Street: the new digital media technology laboratory”:The street will run smoothly: maintenance operations of light fixtures and utilities can be controlled digitally, while dynamic street marking and sensors will encourage efficient traffic flow. The street will be informative: interpretive maps and guides will be available on the street and through mobile phones or other personal devices. The shopping experience will be flexible: ubiquitous credit sensing will create stores without check-out lines while “thin shops” will allow people to feel the goods and order custom products for home delivery. Finally, the street will be rich and interesting: coordinated digital displays will set the mood for events, while portals to sister cities will afford glimpses into different places. Technology will effectively serve and manage, as well as entertain. a range of new digital infrastructure to be integrated into the Seoul To guide the Digital Media Street through implementation, Digital Media Street (courtesy D. Kim and SMDC) the DMC’s regulatory body established urban design guidelines to determine the appropriate street-level uses thealong urban the street.design While guidelines the Digital nevertheless Media Street remained embodies faithful a fluid integration between the digital and the physical realms, to traditional Korean streetscape design.

35 Titanic Quarter, Belfast

Location Size Dates of Planning: Queen’s Island,and Development Belfast, Northern Ireland Phases: 185 up acres to 2023 (75 hectares) Developer : Master Planning 2004-2006. Phase 1 completion 2009. Phase 2 by 2012. Further Link : Titanic Quarter Limited – a subsidiary of Harcourt Developments,institutions, Dublin.and research and commercial activities Purpose: www.titanicquarter.com Titanic Quarter is a mixed-use waterfront development world-class ‘Open Access’ data networks are coupled with proximitywill benefit to from George both Best virtual Belfast and City physical Airport, connectivity: a new rapid The project aims to drive high quality investment and transit system, direct access to the main motorway network, economicproject firmly development rooted in inthe Northern history and Ireland, character and become of Belfast. a provincial bus and rail links as well as direct pedestrian high-tech hub for the telecommunications, connected health, a major social and business meeting place with housing, Titanicaccess to Quarter the city will center bring of new Belfast. life to a part of the city that commercialeducation and space, creative academic media activities, sectors. It galleries, seeks to theatres,become parklands and water sports all easily connected to Belfast’s upon former shipbuilding land from which vessels such as is rich both in history and potential. The site is centered Titanic Quarter is co-promoted by Belfast Harbour and city center. Titanic Quarter aims to be a place for tourism, the RMS Titanic, Olympic and SS Canberra were launched. working, connecting, relaxing, living and learning. project is expected to create at least 20,000 new jobs over Background Titanic Quarter Limited. The £7billion plus development Titanic Quarter’s waterfront development will transform a 185 acre site on the banks of Belfast’s river Lagan into a the next 15 years. new maritime quarter with a mile of water frontage and andTitanic support Quarter the includes start-up, the incubation 24 acre (10and hectares) development Northern ofIreland innovation-driven, Science Park (NISP), high growth, designed knowledge-based to encourage diverse uses, including over 5,000 apartments; 180,000 sq.m. of business, education, office and research and development space; hotels, restaurants, cafes, bars and other Center’sbusinesses. leasing NISP structure, has used severalwhich is strategies short-term to andattract bundled leisure uses totaling some 41,000 sq. m. It stands as one of start-ups and promote research; one being the Innovation Europe’s largest regeneration projects. The onsite residents,

36 with a pre-provided advanced data networking service incorporating secure virtual LANs (wired and wireless) for each tenant and high capacity Internet access. Industry Focus In addition to the Northern Ireland Science Park, Titanic Quarter consists of three residential neighborhoods and a ‘village heart’ of commerce and enterprise surrounded housingby local retail/servicesNorthern Ireland’s and tourism/leisurelargest college, the uses. Belfast The Metropolitandevelopment hasCollege, a significant along with educational an international component creative media campus. Belfast Metropolitan College broke ground on its £44 million campus in May 2009 with a planned opening date in 2011. Already operating on the site is a 64,000 sq ft film studio housed in one of the large waterfront twobuildings facilities where on siteships employing were once approximately painted. There 1,000 are also plans for a financial services center (Citi already operates hotel based in part of the building where the Titanic was people) and up to five hotels, including a five star boutique thewide Department range of stakeholders of Enterprise are Trade involved and including:Investment, the the based itself within Titanic Quarter and work is progressing NorthernEast Belfast Ireland Partnership Tourist Board Board, (a regenerationBelfast City Council, authority), welldesigned. on a new The headquartersEuropean Connected for Northern Health Ireland’s Campus Public has also

BelfastNI Screen Metropolitan (Northern Ireland’sCollege, theFilm Strategic and Television Investment Record Office. The first residential phase of Titanic Quarter, Board,Commission), the Department the Department of Regional of Culture Development, Arts & Leisure, Queen’s Titanicencompassing Quarter 500 seeks apartments, to highlight has in been its urban completed. design the University Belfast, the University of Ulster, Invest Northern Ireland, Economic Development and Inward Investment, and significant maritime industrial heritage of the waterfront highsite. Thequality waterfront public realm setting that includes honors the the atmospheric site’s industrial places Thesethe Northern stakeholders Ireland work Science on a Park. highly cooperative basis, pastwhere also the links RMS the Titanic district’s was designed,layout, giving built the and area launched. a strong A The developers play a major coordinating role but many ofas theonly stakeholders some of the relationshipsare active participants, have a contractual facilitating form. the visitoridentity attraction as well as which a robust is due sense for ofcompletion place and inpersonality. time for the At the heart of these heritage assets will be a £100m Titanic involvement of others. A priority is given to keeping this centenary of the ship’s maiden voyage in 2012. “governance” fluid to avoid creating a rigid, bureaucratic Development Process Corporatesituation. & Community Social Responsibility Titanic Quarter is a co-promotion between Titanic Quarter As Northern Ireland’s largest regeneration project, Titanic Limited, a subsidiary of Harcourt Developments of Dublin, Quarter is a strategically important development, not acquired Titanic Quarter in 2004 from Belfast Harbour with conscious, therefore, of its responsibilities, particularly to and Belfast Harbour. Harcourt Developments Limited communitiesjust for Belfast located but the in wider close region.proximity Titanic to the Quarter development, is the Harbour remaining as co-promoters of the project. A 37 is primarily concerned with physical regeneration, an integratedbut also to approachthe wider hascommunity. been adopted Although that fullythe development recognizes the importance of economic, social and regional cohesion

Titanicaspects Quarter’sof regeneration. view is that such change can only happen successfully if accompanied by a strategy that paves the way for change - by understanding the needs of and enabling

Quarterlocal people has enteredto influence into anda mutual seize partnershipthe opportunities agreement arising withfrom Belfastthe development. City Council To that help commits deliver boththis change,parties toTitanic work with relevant public, private, voluntary and community sector organizations to create the necessary conditions to maximize community benefits from the Titanic Quarter Furtherdevelopment. to extensive consultation, six key Corporate Social

Responsibility (CSR) priority areas for action have been agreed:

1) ‘TQ Work’ (Employment, Education & Skills) 2) ‘TQ Access’ (Accessibility & Transport) 3) ‘TQ Outreach’ (Community Outreach) 4) ‘TQ Housing’ (Affordable Housing) 5) ‘TQ Tourism’ (Tourism) Delivery6) ‘TQ ofSpace’ the CSR (Quality Plan willOpen be Spaces carried & out Public by aArt) three-tier governance structure comprising of a ‘Strategic Advisory Board’, ‘Co-ordinating Steering Group’ and six ‘TQ Thematic

top: Abercorn Apartments, a completed residential project Action Groups’ (one to address each priority area). Integrating ICT & Digital Media middle: Belfast Metropolitan College under construction and resilient network operated on a carrier-neutral, bottom: the Public Records Office under construction Titanic Quarter’s infrastructure will provide a fully fibered (courtesy Titanic Quarter) is to manage the network and maximize the number network infrastructure investment models and serves to ‘Open Access’ basis. The local network operator’s role overcome the reluctance of the incumbent Telcos to provide an adequately future-proofed and resilient network that interconnectedof communications at the service primary providers and secondary (including Gateway TV, will attract the widest possible range of innovative and Internet, telephony, and a wide range of other services) the historic linkage between ‘Access’ route provision and the Thisnodes. network design represents a radical realignment of ‘Services’competitive that services. run over A fundamentalthat route is irrelevant design principle in an era is thatof

38 for lack of competition such as ‘local loop unbundling’ will notfully be fibered required ‘next at generationTitanic Quarter access’. because Regulatory the local remedies access Titanic Quarter outline network schematic for an Open Access Carrier Neutral Communications Infrastructure (courtesy Titanic Quarter) routes are independent of (not dedicated to) any specific Intelecom this Open services Access provider. model, Titanic Quarter’s appointed – providing both competitive international capacity and operator will charge telecom service providers a wholesale lower ‘latency’ for heavy duty real-time applications such ensure that their chosen service providers are able to offer effectivefee for use Service of the Levellocal network.Assurances It is and essential that diverse to be ablerouting to successfulas banking development transactions, ofhigh-definition an international video creative editing media and graphics rendering. These latter capabilities are key to the and business continuity services are readily available. campus clustered around the re-purposed ‘paint hall’ film Thestudios. connectivity options also include a new secure 4th • The Assurancebenefits of theof future Open Access proofing network – the localmodel network are: Generation mobile data service based on the recently-

• Servicecapacity Concurrencycan easily cope with uncertain future needs. approved IEEE802.20 standard. This is currently being wheretrialed thefor Connectedhighest standards Health applicationsof information (such integrity as remote concurrent – a single fiber to each patient monitoring) and other public sector requirements household or business office can be used for the developing a strong reputation in Connected Health, operation of several different services (e.g. largelyand security as a result conformance of a major apply. government Northern commitment Ireland is TV, telephony, security, Internet access) from several different service providers. This concurrency allows • Resiliencethe local network – unlike to traditionalmaximize itscopper wholesale networks, revenues. the in the treatment of patients with chronic conditions. The aEuropean remit to developConnected the Health European Campus market (backed by addressing by industry, academia and the healthGovernance & social care communities) has disruptionmanaged fiber of different network Telco’s does not trying have to any maintain single theirpoint Engagement failure. Furthermore the estate does not have the professionalsfour strategic areareas: made aware of the(the need way forhealth healthcare & care services are regulated),Procurement (how citizens and • Servicenetworks Innovation or related issues– the ‘Open of duct Access’ sharing. model andtransformation), Implementation (the tools and techniques for a transition towards purchasing improved health outcomes) encourages service innovation (including societal (the ‘Knowledge Transfer’ and learning applications aimed at promoting ‘social cohesion’) by Itprocesses is in the thatcombination arise from of eachthese deployment). clusters, Connected • Marketingremoving barriers differentiation to market entry. Health, Creative Media, Education, Finance and Tourism, in Titanic Quarter is able to control delivery of a high- addition to world-class housing and leisure provisions, quality, world-class local network without reliance of other providers who may have different market creating a destination in which to live, to work, to learn and that Titanic Quarter is redefining the term ‘mixed use’ and

Thispriorities. local network plan has now been complemented by to play. the opportunity for direct access to a new direct fiber route to North America. ‘Project Kelvin’ has added a spur into Northern Ireland from an existing transatlantic fiber route 39 Milla Digital, Zaragoza

Location Size Dates of Planning: Zaragoza, and Spain Development Developer: 264 acres (107 hectares) Link : 2005-present : Zaragoza Alta Velocidad with planning by City of Zaragoza Purpose: www.milladigital.es The Milla Digital development is a key element in promoting Zaragoza as a City of Innovation and Knowledge, where tohousing, join a highprivate quality firms urban and public environment facilities with are advancedfully telecommunicationsengaged in knowledge-intensive infrastructures activities. from which The city residents seeks the Milla Digital development will herald the historic city’sand businesses arrival into alike the willinformation benefit. age,It is helpinganticipated companies, that institutions and citizens position themselves to form part of the 21st century knowledge economy. Background Zaragoza, the seat of the historic Kingdom of Aragon, is larger cities of Barcelona and Madrid, the city is challenged toa city position rich in itself culture. as a Locatedmodern halfwaycenter of between business, the a desirablemuch withinplace to commuting work and live, distance and an of attractionboth Madrid of significantand Barcelona, tourist interest. A new high-speed rail line has brought Zaragoza accessibility,creating an opportunity Mayor Juan to Alberto establish Belloch the city has as conceived a significant the Millaeconomic Digital center. as a placeIn order of recreation, to leverage learning, the city’s modernity increased

The Milla Digital illustrative site plan (courtesy City of Zaragoza) and vitality to help to: meaningful to the rich array of people in Zaragoza who will • Create a global identity for Zaragoza; • Position the city as a regional center of technological innovation; live and learn within them. The Zaragoza Milla Digital is • Build local skills in the use and development of Aljaferiaconceived districts as an area in the of parks,city’s historicoffices, housing,center to and the culturalDelicias information technology; highand educational speed rail station institutions. and to theIt connects site of the the 2008 Portillo World and • Activate currently underutilized urban spaces; and The • Express project the incorporates evolving history digital and media culture into of everyday Zaragoza. aspects of the public realm, making places that respond to their Expo. users, change to accommodate multiple activities, provide one side is occupied by long-term city residents while stories, information and services, and become deeply theResidential other is areasthe home border to many both sidesof the of city’s the Millarecent Digital: arrivals

40 Milla Digital aims to visually and functionally knit together thesefrom South disparate America, elements Eastern of the Europe city through and North a network Africa. Theof community and educational facilities, public spaces that serve multiple users, and digital features to create a public realm that people will find interactive, flexible, and adaptive to different users, activities, and moods. Industry Focus The Mayor has expressed his hope that the Milla Digital will become the “technological neighborhood” of Madrid on-siteand Barcelona. in commercial The Milla buildings Digital atwill Portillo be designed and Delicias to attract – the information technology and digital media firms to locate structure this technological neighborhood, include live/ workdevelopment’s spaces, recreational two nodes ofinfrastructures, activity. Other and amenities, educational which are invited to interact in the public realm through digital elementsfacilities. Eachsuch nodeas water is an walls, “event digital place” pavers, where and people urban the Center for Art and Technology in Delicias, a digital art andscreens. technology Each node center also for features exhibitions, two important creation, research,attractions: buildings are two branches of a single institution designed toand both education; develop and the theskills Museo needed de tola Millacontribute in Portillo. to the These knowledge economy and engage residents and visitors where locals and visitors can occupy R&D and lab spaces to with digital media. The Center for Art and Technology is innovate in the fields of information technologies and digital andmedia, acts specifically a content archivedesigning for digital the digital interfaces elements and ofelements the for the Milla. The Museo de la Milla is an interactive museum

Mile. top: aerial view of Expo site (foreground) and Milla Digital site on Development Process the far side of Zaragoza’s Ebro River. The Milla Digital project has been managed by the bottom: Zaragoza Expo 2008 (courtesy City of Zaragoza) forward,Mayor’s Office the city in councilpartnership staff workswith Zaragoza closely with City theCouncil’s Mayor’s Department of Science and Technology. To propel the project corporation representing the national railroad and the private foundation established by the Mayor to promote Aragon regional government, which is charged with office and the Fundacion Ciudad del Conocimiento, a quasi- redeveloping the area around the former Portillo rail station economic development in Zaragoza. These stakeholders also collaborate with Zaragoza Alta Velocidad, a development and the new Delicias high-speed rail station. 41 The plans for the Milla Digital evolved in several iterations, city’sbeginning Planning with Departmentan international then consulting planned the firm redevelopment that developed a high-level, very optimistic first concept. The site for mixed use and did the initial traffic planning to ideasconnect to capitalizerail and automobile on the opportunities traffic between afforded the entrance by the to the city and its historic core. The Mayor’s office promoted high-speed rail station and the 2008 Expo. The City Council developand the Mayor’sthe concept office of brought the Milla in Digital MIT as into a “think a overall tank” plan to thatexpand embedded the notion digital of a media“city of into knowledge” the fabric and of the further area and to help the City develop an open source concept into the a Committee of Experts including thought-leaders from aroundarea’s design the world and management.to guide the ideas The behindMayor also the projectestablished and

Theto help project’s expose initial the concept implementation to the citizens began of in the 2007 Zaragoza. and received a €28 million grant from the national government will carry forward over the coming years. In 2007 the City Zaragoza was able to leverage that sizeable development, whichto kick-off is adjacent investment to the on Milla the site.Digital As hostsite, toto implementthe 2008 Expo, the public during the summer of 2008, the Digital Water Pavilionthe first twoand mediatedPaseo del projectsAgua are for the the two Milla. signature Opened projects to

Paseo del Agua is a promenade linking the Delicias rail stationthat have to introducedthe Expo site the along Milla the Digital area towhere the world. the Milla The top: pedestrian bridge linking the Delicias train station to the Milla Digital site impressive, interactive, digitally-controlled water fountains Digital will be built. In its preliminary stage, it is activated by bottom: a rendering of the Center for Art and Technology and park in El Portillo (courtesy City of Zaragoza) area, in particular during hot summer nights, and proclaim and lighting displays. Local residents are heavy users of this for pedestrians to rest at the terminus of the Paseo del Agua institution will open in 2012 and will blend seamlessly with to be amazed. The Digital Water Pavilion serves as a place magazine declared the Digital Water Pavilion to be one of and as an information point about the Milla Digital. TIME the Portillo park. The building is designed with a virtually transparent lobby so that the building itself appears to float the best inventions of 2007 in the field of architecture and over the park in Portillo. builtall reports on the confirm Milla Digital that it site is a is building a cultural especially center sponsored loved by Integrating ICT & Digital Media children. Another notable architectural work soon to be The plan for the Milla Digital intertwines physical and digital Spanish architect Carme Pinos, the Caixa Forum cultural by La Caixa, Spain’s largest savings bank. Designed by frameworks to achieve its performance goals. 42 the Digital Water Pavilion (photo by Walter Nicolino)

Physical Elements 2. Systems – Digital systems facilitate the public use and regarded urban form to guide the physical framework understanding of the environment and are concentrated The Milla Digital reflects Zaragoza’s historic and highly a pathway, termed the Paseo del Agua because of its intelligent street and building lights that can be of the site. Urban design elements are organized along accessedalong the andPaseo programmed del Agua. Proposed to change systems color or include intensity event places marked with towers displaying digital media in response to the time of day, demands for use, or innovative use of water. The Paseo is anchored by the two the Milla Digital to the high-speed rail station at Delicias stops, and signage -- will display information about food at Portillo and Almozara. A new pedestrian bridge connects content,artistic desires. where yourDigital bus street is located, furniture or available – café tables, parking bus is a symbolic gateway to Zaragoza, spanning the highway and surrounding neighborhoods. This pedestrian bridge continues north to the Expo 2008 site, which is accessed by 3. Digitalspaces. Places – Nodes on the Milla Digital include that leads into the city from Madrid. The Paseo del Agua responsive elements that support different activities the pathway, bridges, towers and event places knit together and facilitate users’ personal association with the a second pedestrian bridge across the Ebro River. Together,

Digitalthe Digital Elements Mile and provide an armature for many uses. componentsurban environment. that provide Elements shade proposed or modify for spaces the Mile A proposed digital framework overlays and completes the include digital facades; digital awnings, or moveable

wateralong thewall edges that respondsof buildings; to ambient a memory conditions walk, or anddigital 1.physical Ambient framework: technology – All of the spaces, parks and paving that reflects patterns of use; a programmable buildings in the Digital Mile include free, public wireless connectivity as well as access to the responsive media human interaction; and urban pixels that delineate the In thisboundaries blended physical of the site. and digital design for the area,

elements on the Mile. 43 buildings, landscape and media lose their traditional citizens with IT backgrounds and experience in community developmentIn February 2007, to develop the Mayor’s principles office under convened which a angroup of simpleboundaries devices and proposed meld into for a layered the Milla, cityscape when taken of fine-grained together places, visual images, and multiple shifting activities. The elaborated by the Zaragoza stakeholders to guide an open extraordinary organic quality, responding to light, people, open source Milla Digital must operate. These principles and eventsanimated with through subtlety “open and source”imagination software that formstake on a annew source,Allow participatory anyone to contribute process for to the the Milla Milla Digital Digital include: – from

Openkind of Source public Engagement realm. of Citizens • Digital systems should be designed to make contributing Guided by the Mayor’s International Advisory Committee the site, from within Zaragoza or remotely; and University of Zaragoza and MIT partners, the city of • Credit all digital contributions to their authors, but Zaragoza is exploring an open source approach to urban guarantee“not so easy that as theyto be be boring, non- proprietaryyet not too hard and freelyto achieve.” • instead,development. it gives This them open opportunities source approach to shape will the go beyondcontent of Encourageavailable to the everyone iterative for development, non-profit, creative review, purposes, editing, engaging citizens with artifacts created by technology; both within and outside Milla Digital; this open source approach will allow Milla Digital to better • Support self-selected “voluntary communities expressMilla Digital the heart and program and soul its of dailythe community, use. The City encourage believes that and modification of all contributions; technological skill-building among residents, and establish a • of interest” that coalesce to develop and manage contributions; and Insense essence, of resident Milla Digital ownership aims over to democratize the place itself. the • Assure that all legitimate contributions (i.e. not profane or copyrighted) form part of Milla Digital in one way or only be able to modify the activities that occur in those another. places,programming but will of also public be able spaces. to change Users will the not physical and sensual qualities of the environment through

Threedigital layersinterventions. of functional operation are necessary for this

scenarioA network to be realized: layer of physical hardware and digital

• Aconnections, code layer through(such as which fiber and components WiFi) links of toa single various installationcommunications are made networks; to communicate with and • A content layer that tells the hardware, through understand each other; and • In theinterfaces, Milla Digital, what the to do.content layer will be the most manipulating the content layer, the public will be able toparticipatory modify what and the programmable. various technologies By do, how they communicate, and what information they carry. 44 45 MediaCityUK, Salford

Location Size Dates of Planning: Salford, United and Development Kingdom Developer: 200 acres (81 hectares) Link : 2007 to 2015 : Peel Holdings, Ltd./Peel Media, Ltd. Purpose: www.mediacityuk.co.uk MediaCityUK is a creative hub for the United Kingdom’s media industry – a place for people working in the creative and digital sectors – from TV production to publishing; technology,gaming to software content development.development andIt positions consumer the behavior UK to be globally significant in a context of radical changes in are networked to spur open innovation across disciplines and demand. The enterprises involved in MediaCityUK research companies join with regional and city authorities toand provide with organizations the academic around training, the on-the-job globe. Production learning, and and entrepreneurial support that empowers the next generation of creative professionals. Background Salford Quays, at the head of the Manchester ship canal, was once a great port from which England’s goods were one of the UK’s great portals to the national and global community,distributed to through the world. which Now knowledge, the Quays culture is emerging and as activitiescreativity alreadypass into transforming and out of the the country. regional MediaCityUK’s economy of the development on the Quays significantly builds upon many MediaCityUK is the second largest construction project in greater Manchester area and the Northwestern UK region. top: MediaCityUK under construction Thethe UK Quays after were the Londonunused andOlympics. deteriorated throughout much bottom: design framework plan (by D. Frenchman and A. Sanal)

Salford City Council and several real estate developers, of the twentieth century. As the century drew to a close, long before MediaCityUK was even envisioned. establishedincluding Peel a world-class Holdings, Ltd., museum initiated and an a repertoryaggressive theater, announced that it would relocate a number of its divisions, builtprogram new of facilities regeneration. to host They some cleaned 13,000 theemployees polluted and canals, In 2006, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) The stated intent was to move to the Northwest, onto a real estate asset developer with a successful track record of and 1,600 staff, out of their long-term base in London. projectscreated several with long-term hundred business units of housing. horizons, Peel had Holdings, purchased a Salford Urban Regeneration Company, Salford City Council the entire Manchester ship canal, and its considerable land, andsite thatPeel wouldHoldings be chosencreated by a bid a competitive team that would tender. build Central on

46 site was bounded on two sides by canal waterfront, was locateda cleared directly 200-acre opposite site completely the museum owned and bytheater, Peel. Thisand was contiguous to a number of recently developed, first class office buildings, most of which had been developed by Peel or on land that Peel had sold to others. Competition for the BBC was fierce, particularly after the search narrowed to two sites. The final proposals to the BBC were quite nextdifferent, to a regional presenting university, the BBC while with aSalford’s clear choice. proposal One was proposed a scheme for several first-rate buildings located proposalto create aenvisioned “media city”, the with real considerable,estate development contiguous as a way room to creategrow on a newthe 200 industry acre sitecluster owned that by would Peel. helpThe Salfordpropel the entire UK media industry into the 21st

century. In this networkingscheme, the amongBBC would community be a significant institutions, tenant, the but region’s only schoolsone of many. and universities, The Salford andproposal the business included enterprises provisions onfor the Quays to yield the human and social capital required for the

Thefuture BBC of Trustthe industry. selected the Salford proposal in June 2007

MediaCityUK, to be completed in 2011, will cover more than and site preparation began within weeks. Phase one of of the BBC and its existing Manchester-based operations, 36 acres accommodating five London-based departments totaling 2,500 staff overall. There will also be a high buildings,definition televisiona hotel, retail production facilities, studio, housing, three and BBC-dedicated a public realm(but not designed BBC owned) for large buildings, scale community several additional events for office up to several of its academic departments housing 700 students 4,000 people. In phase one Salford University will relocate R&D center which will serve as a nexus for the R&D units of companiesand staff to inMediaCityUK. the Northwest This region will complement and a number an of onsite other enterprises and universities; centers for manpower training MediaCityUKand enterprise will incubation; host some a 15,000media-oriented jobs in several High School digital academy and a number of retail activities. When completed, MediaCityUK Media Marketplace rendering and concept design (by D. Frenchman and A. Sanal) Industryand creative Focus industries. The essence of MediaCityUK will be a network of knowledge

47 sharing and development activities that create content Cricket Ground, cultural hubs such as the Lowry arts center and delivery systems aligned with 21st century consumer and the Imperial War Museum North on Salford Quays, and demands and opportunities in the digital and creative as a tourist destination en route to the major retail draw in the Greater Manchester borough of Trafford, with one of a cluster of co-located enterprises on Salford Quays and the UK’s largest, most successful shopping centers, drawing withinindustries a network sector. Theseof physically activities and will electronically take place withinlinked entire area is tied together by the renewal of the canals that people from the entire north of England. Moreover, the Sinceenterprises MediaCityUK’s throughout Spring the UK2007 and launch, the world. the visions run throughout the region. Development Process thatand expectationswill locate in forMediaCityUK a “media city” expect have that grown the experience with an Immediately after the BBC formalized the selection of ofincreasing being there, number which and will diversity facilitate of working stakeholders. across Companies company Salford Quays as their Northwestern location, much of the and disciplinary lines, will shape future content and delivery attention of the developer and BBC turned to construction agencies and educational and cultural institutions, hope that MediaCityUKsystems. These will companies, provide jobs along and with education, leaders ofculture, public and departmentgiven a tight willdeadline have toof 2011cover forthe move 2012 in.Olympics This is ain London entertainment opportunities particularly suited for the 21st deadline that has little flexibility given that the BBC’s sports century interests of the citizens of England’s Northwest, the Keyfrom project its new stakeholders home base in made Salford. an important decision soon after the BBC decided to establish Salford Quays as its Althoughhost region. these are generally shared visions, how MediaCityUK will evolve as an organizational, business Thenorthwestern aim was to base. provide A dynamic a statement activity of intent,in the area marking was tothe be Most stakeholders consider the MediaCityUK endeavor as a areaimmediately as a place launched, for the media even assector construction and giving was the beginning. area a and economic development venture is still being explored. pie factory on the site was renovated as a television thephenomenon emergence to of be disruptive invented. technologies, The invention transformative of MediaCityUK buzz in advance of completion. An existing but abandoned consumeris happening demands, in an environment and continuous of flux, changes characterized in the by Known as The Pie Factory, this popular, always busy place helpsproduction to brand facility, the area an incubator and provides and aa trainingplace for academy. activities is clear is that the technologies that underpin content that demonstrate the culture that is expected to emerge in productionorganizational and landscape delivery will of the continue media toindustry. evolve, wherebyWhat content and production functions will blend and consumers MediaCityUK.

MediaCityUKwill become producers is envisioned as well as a as force consumers for economic of media. and The first phase of development will include 700,000 social development beyond its base in Salford, extending sq. ft. of office space spread over five buildings, two residential towers with 378 apartments, 80,000 sq. ft. of retail, a hotel and a multi-story car park. The production Itthrough is one ofall several of the Northwest major nodes and in the the UK. greater Its influence Manchester in this facilities include 250,000 sq. ft. of studio space made up arearegard that is seenis likely as extendingto contribute beyond to the even growth the media of this industry. region of seven high definition television studios, two audio servestudios, as anda pilot a technical project for block BREEAM (control Communities, rooms, dressing the UK- the dominance of London as the base of the UK’s economic basedrooms, Building workshops, Research etc.). AllEstablishment’s of this development Environmental will as a viable “second city-region” in the UK, complementing region, which includes the downtown of Manchester, the Features of MediaCityUK that make it a good candidate 70,000vitality. seatThus Manchester MediaCityUK United adds Stadium, to the larger Lancashire context County of the forAssessment BREEAM’s Method pilot project program include for sustainable the reuse ofcommunities. formerly

48 industrial, centrally-located waterfront site and access to the (by D. Frenchman and A. Sanal)

Manchester Metrolink tram system. An on-site heat-and- power (CHP) tri-generation plant, simultaneously providing consortium of universities and business programs working Inelectricity, parallel withheat andconstruction cooling will of phase power one, the thearea. key public toand inject Innovation a powerful in MediaCityUK research and (FIRM), innovation a multidisciplinary ingredient into sector partners of Salford City Council, Central Salford Urban Regeneration Company and the Northwest Regional Development Agency have set up an innovative partnership technicalthe MediaCityUK and social development. perspectives FIRM around is a majorcomprehensive, sector to ensure that MediaCityUK has far-reaching and sustainable challenges,open-ended, whilst flexible balancing approach long-term that brings visioning together with strong

bed for next generation ICT networks and stimulating joint andbenefits a number for the of local other community stakeholders, and thenorthwestern partnership has practical experimentation. This will involve creating a test committedregion. Working to a wide-ranging closely with siteprogram developers of interventions Peel Media and activity with digital innovators. Integrating ICT and Digital Media theinitiatives three strands across threehave anareas: overall place, aim sector of engaging and economy, with and The MediaCityUK development requires state-of-the-art drivingand people the potentialand communities. of local and A number regional of communities projects across and connectivity to support the substantial demands of media

Thebusinesses. MediaCityUK development process is now shaped by speedproduction broadband and transmission. to all buildings For and phase which one, will Peel connect Media is installing 18 million meters of fiber, which will deliver high of the key stakeholders in the project – the BBC, the several businessa constellation arms ofof Peeloverlapping Holdings, planning the University and activity. of Salford, Each ThereMediaCityUK will also to be every site-wide significant WiFi mediafor public cluster and acrossprivate the public sector agencies, regional tourism authorities, and networks,North of England and connectivity through a tochain global of Mediamedia Accessand broadcast Bureaus. the association of small and medium technology and media number of global ICT suppliers with regards to provision of networks. Discussions are also at a formative stage with a organizations – have been individually working to define their own benefits and future role in the development of Scenariosa state-of-the-art have been cloud developed computing to create infrastructure. the public realm MediaCityUK. Gradually, the full vision of MediaCityUK is of the area as a future-oriented mediated environment that abeginning fully shared to emerge vision, keyas the stakeholders different groups understand define thattheir somethingown goals andnew further is being shape created, it with something others. Evenwith ashort unique of character and role that will complement the major media acrewill both public engage area along and be the shaped canal bythat people has a pavedin the area.piazza The and cluster in London and, perhaps, even go beyond that as a key buildings in MediaCityUK will be centered around a five- up to 4,000 people and will include a large display screen this coalescence of interests is the Framework for Research a landscaped park. The piazza will accommodate events for contributor to the future of the industry. An example of 49 among other interactive digital features. Masdar City, Abu Dhabi

Location: Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Size Dates of Planning and Development Developer: six square kilometers (36,000 hectares, approx. 8,900 acres) Link : 2007 to completion in 2016 : Masdar/ Mubadala Development Company Purpose: www.masdarcity.ae

Masdar City (“masdar” means “source” in Arabic) is the billionworld’s special first clean-technology economic zone incluster Abu Dhabi located seeks in a tocarbon- become aneutral, global zero-wastecenter for innovation, smart city. research,This six square-mile, product develop US$22-

- ment and light manufacturing in the fields of renewable energy and environmental technologies. It aims to be a func tioning blueprint for sustainable living around the world. Background The government of Abu Dhabi has made a strategic com- mitment to be a leading participant in the global effort to develop and deploy renewable energy and sustainable tech- desirenologies. by MasdarAbu Dhabi City to is achieve the embodiment sustainable of growth,this goal diversify and itsthe economy engine for beyond its realization. oil, and become This commitment an exporter reflects of cutting- a a wholly owned subsidiary of the Mubadala Development edge technologies. Masdar City is one of five units of Masdar,

MasdarCompany, City, the located Abu Dhabi in the government’s outskirts of Abuinvestment Dhabi, has vehicle. scale trials and deployment of early-stage, clean energy been designed to be a first-of-a-kind test bed for the large- what it means to be an environmentally sustainable city technologies and practices. It is a place that will play out ultimately house 50,000 residents and attract 1,500 clean- tech– from businesses, its urban designMasdar to City its willeconomic be car-free base. andProjected powered to Aerial rendering of Masdar City (courtesy Masdar) planned in a phased manner, precisely so that it is easy to incorporatealmost entirely emerging by the technologiessun. The development into the infrastructure is being master Industry Focus and buildings of each new phase, without affecting, or The six-square-kilometer city will be home to leading mul- being constrained by, technologies embedded in previous tinational companies in the clean technology sector, as well as small- and medium-sized enterprises and entrepreneurial collecting data about all of the city’s systems – buildings, waste,construction. energy, It transportation also has a feedback – at the mechanism individual built-in, level hoping of Science and Technology – a PhD-level, research-driven institutionstart-ups. The developed city will in be collaboration anchored by with the Masdar Massachusetts Institute to inform the development of better models of sustainability. 50 education and research in alternative energy and sustain- Institute of Technology (MIT) that is focused entirely on - tive ideas, spin off their own start-ups and as such, will be ability. It is expected that its graduates will develop innova academiaable to access and capitalthe public from and the private Masdar sectors, Initiative Masdar itself. City By willbringing create together a symbiotic intellectual community and financial focused onresources innovation from

Inand light deployment of its desert for locationthe clean-tech and other industry. factors, Masdar buildings,City will focus water on and attracting power firmsstorage, and and pursuing secondarily research in the in four primary areas of the clean-tech industry: solar, green areas of smart grids, efficiency appliances, electric vehicles Masdarand waste. City provides a unique setting for companies, insti- tutes and organizations operating across a wide spectrum of activities, from research and light manufacturing to mar- keting and legal services. It is expected that companies will top: Illustrative site plan for Masdar City base R&D labs, global headquarters and regional offices in bottom: rendering of the town square the city. General Electric, one of many anchor partners, will Centre, a 4,000 square-meter facility that will support the (courtesy Masdar) build, in cooperation with Masdar, its first Ecomagination - dar City will also host the secretariat of the International development of energy-efficient products in the region. Mas the urban fabric of the city, designers were able to narrow latest in policymaking and global best practices, and mark- rightsflows. ofBy way removing to seven the or need twelve to accommodate meters wide, closecars within enough Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), bringing to the city the outdoor temperatures will be cooler, making it possible to ing the first time an international organization of this size comfortablyfor shade but be wide outdoors enough longer for indirect than is light. currently As a result,possible in has chosen a Middle East city for its headquarters. Development Process landscape and water features will also aid in reducing Construction on Masdar City began in February 2008, temperatures,Abu Dhabi’s summer while enhancing heat and humidity. the quality Carefully of the streets planned and building to be completed will be the Masdar Institute of by developing in a compact area that makes it easy to walk with the first phase reaching completion in 2013. The first fromother place public to spaces. place and The by city expanding will reduce the its comfort carbon zone footprint of

Science and Technology (MI), which welcomed 100 students in September 2009. The building will be ready for students the city through control of sunlight and wind. Masdarand faculty City in was 2010. master planned by renowned architectural transportation system that is carbon neutral and emission Masdar City is the first city to feature a large-scale the traditional Arabic city – with its narrow streets, thick- ground to accommodate the electric Personal Rapid Transit walledfirm Foster+Partners, buildings, sun shading,which drew courtyards, its inspiration vegetation, from free. The entire development is raised seven meters off the walkability and architecture that capture natural wind pedestrian and public transit methods, will safely move (PRT) and Freight Rapid Transit systems that, together with 51 people and goods throughout the city and ensure that nearly all destinations in the city are no more than 150 meters to a light-rail line linking Masdar City to downtown Abu from the public transportation system. The PRT will connect underneath the city is a vacuum tube system that will relay garbageDhabi and to parkinga central garages location outside where theit will city. be Also sorted located and recycled or composted. Integrating Clean Technologies Through the implementation of innovative clean-tech strategies, Masdar City will achieve unprecedented levels of top: rendering of a Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) station will require approximately 250 MW of installed clean power versusdemand more reduction than 800 for bothMW ofpower installed and capacitywater. Masdar to power City a right: cross section of Masdar City detailing the underground infrastructure systems Masdarsimilar cityCity based will generate on conventional its clean design.power requirements (courtesy Masdar) primarily through photovoltaics, concentrated solar power, and waste-to-energy technology, and will provide an environment that enables zero-waste in residential, retail, commercial, light manufacturing and leisure settings through the reduction, reuse, recycling and recovery of the use of advanced technologies to treat water and achieve waste materials. The project also employs water recycling, performance of the city against predicted performance from During construction of Masdar City, a 10MW photovoltaic laban overall models, reduction designers in and water engineers demand. will To measuretest the real energy plant, the largest such solar plant in the Middle East, powers the temporary Masdar site administration buildings and many ongoing construction activities of Masdar City, andconsumption RFID tags and in people’s energy productionsecurity badges at a very at the small Masdar scale. headquartersSensors in water will fixtures provide will data track on how water people consumption individually Built across 55 acres by Abu Dhabi-based Enviromena, the plantincluding was constructionconnected to cranesthe Abu and Dhabi the onsitepower concretegrid in May plant.

Theuse waterMasdar and Headquarters energy. building, designed by Chicago 2009. architecture firm Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill, will be the world’s first large-scale, mixed-use “energy-positive” Designbuilding, plans producing for the moreheadquarters energy than include it consumes. numerous The systemsbuilding thatalso willwill eliminateaccommodate carbon the emissions IRENA secretariat. and reduce materials and will feature integrated wind turbines, outdoor airliquid quality and solidmonitors waste. and The one complex of the world’s will use largest sustainable building- integrated solar energy arrays. 52