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Abstracts of the conference Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics IX September 15-20, 2019 Castle Waldthausen, Mainz/Frankfurt area, Germany Invited contribution Exploring Stars from Deep Underground: Status and Perspectives at LUNA Marialuisa Aliotta1 and the LUNA Collaboration2 1SUPA, School of Physics and Astrophysics, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom 2https://luna.lngs.infn.it For almost three decades, the Laboratory for Underground Nuclear Astrophysics (LUNA) under the Gran Sasso mountain in Italy has provided the ideal site for pio- neering measurements of key nuclear reactions for astrophysics. Here, experimental studies of hydrogen burning reactions in the pp-chain, the CNO cycles, and NeNa- MgAl cycles have led to major advances in our understanding of nucleosynthesis processes in various environments, from the Big Bang, to our Sun, to Asymptotic Giant Branch stars and classical novae (see [1] for a recent review). Now, a new phase has just begun devoted to the study of helium burning processes, with the in- vestigation of the 13C(α,n)16O and the 22Ne(α,γ)26Mg reactions currently underway. In this talk, I will review some recent results obtained by the LUNA Collaboration and present exciting opportunities that will soon open up with the installation of a new 3.5MV accelerator underground. [1] C. Broggini et al., Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics 98 (2018) 55-84. 1 Invited contribution Indirect, experimental constraints of (n,γ) reaction rates for the i- and r-process Ann-Cecilie Larsen,1 Artemis Spyrou,2, 3, 4 Magne Guttormsen,1 and Sean N. Liddick2, 5 1Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway 2NSCL, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA 3Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, USA 4JINA-CEE, Michigan State University, USA 5Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, USA The element distribution we observe in the Universe, and in particular the diverse abundances of atomic nuclei, tells a fascinating story of nucleosynthesis events that have taken place throughout the 13.7-billion-year-long history starting with the Big Bang. Since the groundbreaking works of Burbidge, Burbidge, Fowler and Hoyle [1] and Cameron [2], it is known that radiative neutron-capture reactions play a major role in synthesizing elements heavier than iron. However, many questions remain when it comes to our understanding of neutron-capture processes in various stellar environments. In this respect, the intermediate and rapid neutron-capture processes are perhaps the most challenging to describe, as they involve neutron-rich nuclei for which there exist little or no data on the much-needed neutron-capture rates. In this contribution, possibilities to obtain indirect, experimental constraints of these rates by means of the Oslo method and the beta-Oslo method will be discussed [3]. [1] E. M. Burbidge, G. R. Burbidge, W. A. Fowler, and F. Hoyle, Rev. Mod. Phys. 29, 547 (1957). [2] A. G. W. Cameron, Pub. Astron. Soc. Pac. 69, 201 (1957). [3] A. C. Larsen, A. Spyrou, S. N. Liddick, and M. Guttormsen, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. (2019). doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2019.04.002 2 Invited contribution High Precision Mass Measurements of Nuclei and the Neutron Star Merger Ani Aprahamian1, 2 1University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA 2Alikhanyan National Laboratory of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia The origin of the synthesis of the heavy elements from Fe to U have emerged as important questions in all of physics for this century. Most of the elements above Fe in the periodic table are thought to have been produced by either the slow (s-process) or rapid (r-process) capture of neutrons in astrophysical environments. The s-process proceeds close to stability and astrophysical sites have been identified, while the r- process allows the production of nuclei much further from stability and potential sites remain mostly unresolved. The recent observation of gravitational waves from two neutron star mergers si- multaneously with the spectroscopy indicated that rare earth elements were made in this kilo nova event. The questions remain, are there enough such mergers? are mergers the only source of r-process elements ? How can precision mass measure- ments contribute to the discussion? I will discuss some of our new results from the measurements of neutron rich nuclear masses and their implications towards a better understanding of the r-process and the synthesis of the heavy elements. 3 Invited contribution The Origin of the Elements from Nuclear Physics to Galaxy-Scale Simulations Benoit Cˆot´e1, 2 1Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Konkoly Thege Miklos ut 15-17, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary 2Joint Institute for Nuclear AstrophysicsCenter for the Evolution of the Elements, USA Following the evolution of chemical elements across cosmic time is a multidisci- plinary challenge that involves nuclear physics, stellar evolution, galaxy evolution, and cosmology. Observations, experiments, and theories need to work together in order to build a comprehensive understanding of how the chemical elements syn- thesized in astronomical events are spread inside and around galaxies and recycled into new generations of stars. In this talk, I will present our efforts to create per- manent connections between the different fields of research involved in the process of chemical evolution. In particular, I will highlight the impact of nuclear physics and galaxy evolution uncertainties on our interpretation of the origin of the elements and isotopes. To do so, I will discuss a variety of topics including the r-process and gravitational waves, the i-process and the Solar composition, and the radioactive composition of the early Solar System, as inferred from meteorite data analysis. 4 Invited contribution Stable beam experiments in wide energy ranges serving low energy nuclear astrophysics Gy. Gy¨urky1 1Institute for Nuclear Research (Atomki), Debrecen, Hungary (Dated: June 7, 2019) It is common knowledge in nuclear astrophysics that reaction cross section mea- surements need to be carried out at energies as low as possible, ideally reaching the astrophysically relevant energies. This latter requirement is unfortunately fulfilled only very rarely, therefore the rates of reactions are obtained from extrapolated or calculated cross sections. The extrapolation definitely needs higher energy cross sec- tions but the validity of calculations should also be supported by experimental data at higher energies where the measurements are possible. This is especially true in the present era of high precision astrophysics when the reaction rate uncertainties often represent the most important uncertainty in stellar models. In this talk I will use several examples for demonstrating the usefulness of cross section measurements of alpha- and proton-induced reactions in wide energy ranges above the astrophysically relevant ones. The examples will include reactions of hy- drogen burning as well as of heavy element nucleosynthesis in the p-process studied recently in Atomki. The benefits of the activation method [1], a powerful technique for cross section measurements, will also be highlighted. [1] Gy. Gy¨urky et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 55, 41 (2019). 5 Invited contribution Traces of the early Universe from metal-poor stars Camilla Juul Hansen1 1MPIA, Heidelberg The elements locked up in old, metal-poor stars carry a wealth of information on the properties of the early Universe and how it evolved. Stellar abundances are fossil records of the physical conditions in the interstellar medium and of the progenitors that created the material the low-mass stars formed from. All heavy elements show a large star-to-star abundance scatter at low metallicities, which typically hides the fact that several processes and formation sites at early times created different amounts of a given element of under different conditions. Using stellar abundances, we can explore the neutron-capture processes and learn about the origin of the heavy elements from a number of formation sites that host these processes. I will discuss two groups of old metal-poor stars in which we have explored the behaviour of a large number of heavy elements, namely the Carbon Enhanced Metal-Poor (CEMP) stars and old halo stars belonging to the Sagittarius stream, in which we have detected thorium. In the latter case we found indications of early massive star enrichment in contrast with previous literature studies. 6 Invited contribution Recent experimental progress for measurements of reaction rates involving radioactive nuclei Christoph Langer1 1Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main Many astrophysical scenarios include reactions on radioactive short-lived nuclei, such as the rapid proton-capture process during X-ray bursts and the γ-process. It is still a challenge to constrain these reaction rates, that might have an impact on the output of the overall process. This also involves reactions on nuclei that have short-lived isomeric states, which is of potential relevance also for the s process. To overcome this problem, new techniques and experimental approaches need to be de- veloped, e.g. by using surrogate reactions as an indirect measurement, as well as using heavy-ion storage rings for direct reaction studies. This talk will give an overview of recent experimental progress and results of astro- physically relevant reactions studies like e.g. the important 23Al(p,γ) reaction rate important for X-ray bursts. 7 Invited contribution Meteoritic Stardust Grains Maria Lugaro1 1Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Konkoly Thege Miklos ut 15-17, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary Stardust grains represented a significant fraction ( 10%) of the the original in- ∼ ventory of interstellar medium dust carrying most of the metals into the early Solar System. These grains were distinguished from the rest of the dust by their anomalous isotopic compositions, reflecting the signature of nucleosynthesis in their astrophys- ical site of origin. These anomalies also allow us today to recognise these grains and extract them from primitive meteorites.

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