The nuclear Physics of exploding stars: simulating nuclear and astrophysical processes in the lab. Artemis Spyrou
@ArtemisSpyrou
• Nuclear Astrophysics • Nucleosynthesis • Nuclear Physics Input • Sample project description
Figure Credit: Erin O’Donnel, NSCL Artemis Spyrou, September 2018,2017, Slide 1 Elements in nature
1 2 H He 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Li Be B C N O F Ne 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe 55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pd Bi Po At Rn 87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 Fr Ra Ac Rf Ha Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds …
58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
Artemis Spyrou, September 2018,2017, Slide 2 Elements in nature
1 2 H He 3 Li
BANG
Artemis Spyrou, September 2018,2017, Slide 3 Elements in nature
1 The rest… made in stars!!! 2 H He 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Li Be B C N O F Ne 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 Ag Cd I Rb Sr BANGY Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd In Sn Sb Te Xe 55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pd Bi Po At Rn 87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 Fr Ra Ac Rf Ha Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds …
58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
Artemis Spyrou, September 2018,2017, Slide 4 Elements in nature
1 The rest… made in stars!!! 2 H He 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Li Be B C N O F Ne 11 12 How can we13 tell?14 15 16 17 18 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe 55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pd Bi Po At Rn 87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 Fr Ra Ac Rf Ha Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds …
58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
Artemis Spyrou, September 2018,2017, Slide 5 How Can We Tell?
Light from a red giant (s-process):
Star contains Technetium (Tc) !!! (heavy element Z=43, T1/2 = 4 Million years, Merrill 1952)
Artemis Spyrou, September 2018,2017, Slide 6 Merrill 1952 • Known at the time that Tc is an “artificial” element • Artificial = someone has to make it
• Merril 1952: “It is surprising to find an unstable element in the stars” …“(1) A stable isotope (of technetium) actually exists although not yet found on Earth; or (2) S-type stars somehow produce technetium as they go along; or (3) S-type stars represent a comparatively transient phase of stellar existence” ArtemisArtemis Spyrou, September Spyrou, 2018, Slide 7 PHY802/492, 7 Nuclear Landscape
s-process p-process r-process Death of supernova Neutron-star mergers low-mass stars
91Mo 92Mo 93Mo 94Mo 95Mo 96Mo 97Mo 98Mo 99Mo 100Mo 101Mo
ArtemisArtemis Spyrou, September Spyrou, 2018, Slide 8 PHY802/492, 8 Nucleosynthesis paths
Z
56Fe
Stellar burning
pp chain N Artemis Spyrou, September 2018,2017, Slide 9 s/r-process paths and abundances
Cowan and Thielemann, Physics Today, 2004 Artemis Spyrou, September 2018,2017, Slide 10 What is the site of the r-process?
Core Collapse Supernova?
Neutron Star Merger?
Credit: Erin O’Donnell, MSU
Credit: NASA Goddard
Artemis Spyrou, September 2018,2017, Slide 11 r-process in neutron-star mergers
Made with SkyNet by Jonas Lippuner Artemis Spyrou, September 2018,2017, Slide 12 r-process in neutron-star mergers
“Red” component: Heavy r-process elements Lanthanides Blue component: Infrared Light r-process elements Longer-lasting Optical Bright and brief
days Kasen et al., Nature 2017 Kilpatrick, et al, Science 2017 Made with SkyNet by Jonas Lippuner Artemis Spyrou, September 2018,2017, Slide 13 Radioactive decay Energy sharing between β – ν – γ β: stops immediately ν: escapes γ: varies
neutrino
Artemis Spyrou, September 2018,2017, Slide 14 The project
• Read and understand nucleosynthesis processes • Focus on r-process nucleosynthesis and kilonova • Perform literature search to find out what is known about involved nuclei • Create database and work with astrophysicists to find the impact
• Experimental opportunities within the group: § Running an experiment at the end of October § Detector development in preparation of experiments § Data analysis of existing results
Artemis Spyrou, September 2018,2017, Slide 15