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Mouse-Based Intepersonal Computer for Individual PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATOLICA DE CHILE ESCUELA DE INGENIERIA MOUSE-BASED INTEPERSONAL COMPUTER FOR INDIVIDUAL LEARNING CRISTIÁN FELIPE ALCOHOLADO MOËNNE Thesis submitted to the Office of Research and Graduate Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor in Engineering Sciences Advisor: MIGUEL NUSSBAUM Santiago de Chile, August, 2013 2013, Cristián Alcoholado Moënne PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATOLICA DE CHILE ESCUELA DE INGENIERIA MOUSE-BASED INTEPERSONAL COMPUTER FOR INDIVIDUAL LEARNING CRISTIÁN FELIPE ALCOHOLADO MOËNNE Members of the Comitee: MIGUEL NUSSBAUM IGNACIO CASAS CAMILA CORTEZ ANGELA MCFARLANE ÁLVARO SALINAS JORGE VÁSQUEZ Thesis submitted to the Office of Research and Graduate Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor in Engineering Sciences Santiago de Chile, August, 2011 To my beloved family and friends. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis would have not been possible without Professor Miguel Nussbaum. He has been a constant guidance through this process and has taught me different things about work and life. It has been a long road together and we have worked on many projects and problems. His willingness to overcome difficulties has showed me that problems can be solved even if no solution seems possible. I wish to thank to all my officemates and friends within the Department of Computer Science for supporting and being there for me. Thanks to Andrea, Daniela, Juan Felipe and Gabriel for your friendship and making our office feel like a warm and happy place. My stomach also thanks you all for the many meals and dinners we had together. I would like to thank everyone related to the development and implementation of this thesis, especially Anita and Thomas. I would like to especially thank Arturo Tagle. We have worked together for around 4 years on this and he has been not only a highly efficient professional, but a dear personal friend. Even if I don‘t know all of them personally, I would like to thank the staff from the schools were the experiments of this thesis were conducted. Their support was truly necessary and conclusions that are obtained from the experiences would have not been found. Thanks to all the students involved, because they are the true motivation behind educational research. Finally, I would like to thank my family and friends who have always supported me through this process. Without them this would have not been possible since they are the base of my motivation and energy. Especial thanks to Josefina, who has been with me through the process even if it takes my spare time. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................... 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................... v INDEX OF TABLES ............................................................................................... viii INDEX OF FIGURES ................................................................................................ x I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 1 I.1 Theoretical Background ............................................................................. 2 I.1.1 Interactive learning .......................................................................... 2 I.1.2 Feedback .......................................................................................... 3 I.1.3 Interpersonal computer based on mouse .......................................... 4 I.1.4 School integration ............................................................................ 5 I.2 Research Hypotheses .................................................................................. 8 I.3 Research Questions .................................................................................... 8 I.4 Thesis objectives ........................................................................................ 9 I.5 Research methodology ............................................................................... 9 I.6 Research Limitations ................................................................................ 11 I.7 Thesis Structure ........................................................................................ 12 I.8 System architecture .................................................................................. 15 I.9 What else did we learn? ........................................................................... 16 I.9.1 Technical Aspects .......................................................................... 16 I.9.2 Individual feedback for multiple-choice systems .......................... 19 I.9.3 Collaborative meeting project ........................................................ 27 I.10 Conclusions .............................................................................................. 33 I.11 Future work .............................................................................................. 34 II. ONE MOUSE PER CHILD: INTERPERSONAL COMPUTER FOR INDIVIDUAL ARITHMETIC PRACTICE ................................................. 36 II.1 Abstract .................................................................................................... 36 II.2 Introduction .............................................................................................. 37 II.2.1 Interpersonal Computers ................................................................ 37 II.2.2 Active Participation ....................................................................... 38 v II.2.3 Math Teaching ............................................................................... 39 II.3 One mouse per child for Basic Math ........................................................ 41 II.3.1 2.1 General description .................................................................. 41 II.3.2 Pedagogic rules .............................................................................. 44 II.3.3 The teacher‘s role ........................................................................... 44 II.4 Comparative analysis in different cultures: Usability Analysis: .............. 46 II.4.1 Objective ........................................................................................ 46 II.4.2 Experimental design ...................................................................... 46 II.4.3 Comparative Analysis .................................................................... 47 II.4.4 Usability study ............................................................................... 49 II.5 Achievement and Conduct Assessment in a second study in Chile ......... 52 II.5.1 Design of the intervention .............................................................. 52 II.5.2 Qualitative observations ................................................................ 53 II.5.3 Quantitative analysis ...................................................................... 54 II.6 Conclusions .............................................................................................. 55 II.7 Acknowledgements .................................................................................. 57 II.8 Appendix: System rules ........................................................................... 58 III. INTERACTIVE LEARNING: A COMPARISON OF INDIVIDUAL AND INTERPERSONAL COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIES WITH PEN-AND- PAPER ............................................................................................................. 60 III.1 Abstract .................................................................................................... 60 III.2 Introduction .............................................................................................. 60 III.3 Interactive arithmetic ................................................................................ 62 III.4 Experimental design ................................................................................. 65 III.5 Results ...................................................................................................... 69 III.5.1 Quantitative results................................................................................ 69 III.5.2 Length of sessions ................................................................................. 70 III.5.3 Exercises completed .............................................................................. 70 III.5.4 Observations results .............................................................................. 72 III.6 Discussion ................................................................................................ 77 III.7 Conclusions .............................................................................................. 79 IV. A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INTERACTIVE ARITHMETIC LEARNING IN THE CLASSROOM AND COMPUTER LAB ................ 81 vi IV.1 Abstract .................................................................................................... 81 IV.2 Introduction .............................................................................................. 81 IV.3 Technologies used in the study ................................................................ 83 IV.4 Experimental Design ................................................................................ 85 IV.5 Results ...................................................................................................... 86 IV.6 Discussion ...............................................................................................
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