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Home , Joe Louis, Max Schmeling

BY THE BOOK MAGAZINE

WHEN IT’S NOT JUST A FIGHT Revisiting Louis-Schmeling II

By William Dettloff Louis’ win over Schmeling in their rematch was witnessed by 70,000 fans in . o less an arbiter of taste than Millions more listened to the radio broadcast, including an estimated 20 million in . A.J. Liebling admonished long ago that every less than a war between cultures during a title of the book clearly states, Louis and match is a mere fistfight, time of consequential societal unrest and Schmeling were not mere athletes engaging Nand laboring it into something more upheaval in the . in a contest of skill, but made by the politics meaningful is cheap folly. Indeed, there Likely at the top of the list is the - of the day ostensible representatives of a are few fights in the sport’s modern history rematch that took place in set of diametrically opposed ideals. Their whose impact merit wider consideration. 1938, with the world literally on the verge meeting would all but announce the Second One would be ’s win over of war. In their new YA book, War in the World War. former champion Jim Jeffries Ring – Joe Louis, Max Schmeling, and the As prizefighters go, only Ali has had in 1910 for its role in bringing heartbreak Fight Between America and Hitler (Roaring more titles published about him than Louis, to White America via the crowning of the Book Press, 2019), authors John Florio and whose history by now is well known. He first black world heavyweight champion. Ouisie Shapiro present a delightful primer was born into desperate poverty on a Another would be ’s 1971 on the fighters, their standing as symbols in cotton farm in Alabama. His family moved championship victory over their respective countries, their fights with to in 1926, where Louis learned to in “The Fight,” which represented nothing one another and their epilogues. As the box at the Brewster Recreation center. After

1 BY THE BOOK a required period spent terrorizing amateurs, he turned pro in 1934 and promptly began terrorizing pros. His ascent was aided by a set of rules imposed by his management that essentially forbade him from doing anything in public that would draw comparisons to the hated Johnson, who had so flaunted his myriad successes that the white populace running the sport swore there would never be another black heavyweight champion. Louis was not flamboyant by nature in the way that Johnson was so had little trouble complying and his remarkable fists took care of the rest. To their credit, authors Florio and Shapiro spend considerable time introducing the reader to the deeply racist setting in which Louis and his management were forced to operate, and, not hyperbolically, make clear what a hero Louis subsequently became to black Americans making their Louis’ win sparked celebrations across America, none more joyful than those in Harlem. Author way in the same system. Richard Wright reported, “A hundred thousand black people surged out of taprooms, flats, restau- rants, and filled the streets and sidewalks like the Mississippi River overflowing in flood time.” “An editor at the Sunday Worker asked his sportswriter, Ted Benson, to write a Jacobs and spent most of it fawning over of the Nazi party, Max never used his time column describing how the black community Schmeling’s wife, Anny, whom he considered in the spotlight to renounce it, either.” idolized Joe. Benson wrote, ‘A single column “the perfect Aryan: blond and blue eyed.”) Whether or not Schmeling was a cannot begin to describe the feeling of the The authors also recount the story Nazi sympathizer hardly mattered to the man of color who watches a brown-skinned told by Henri Lewin, one of two Jewish sporting public. With the newspapers boy like Joe Louis, from Alabama, the most brothers who revealed that Schmeling hid regularly reporting new accounts of Hitler’s backward State in the union, fight his way them in his hotel room during the infamous aggressions, in America Schmeling became up from the coal mine and the cotton field Kristallnacht incident in November 1938, the face of fascism. Though he had earned a through strength of his body and mind.’” when paramilitary forces and civilians shot at the heavyweight title against Jimmy Referring to a recent story about a death throughout Nazi Germany torched Braddock it was given to Louis instead for row inmate who allegedly called out for synagogues, vandalized Jewish homes, fear that if Schmeling won it he’d take it Louis to help him while deadly cyanide schools and businesses and killed dozens of back to Germany and Hitler would never let gas filled the gas chamber, Benson wrote, . After hiding the boys for four days him risk losing it. By the time the rematch “…he was expressing the deep need of the Schmeling helped them escape to a train took place in June 1938, Louis was an Negro people for liberation from the bitter station and they eventually made it to Italy. American hero. Schmeling couldn’t show oppression which rests upon them … He On the other hand, Schmeling hardly his face outside training camp and so it was saw in (Louis) a symbol of the struggle of shied away from the attention his win over no surprise when more than 70,000 fans the Negro people for emancipation.’” Louis brought him and the Nazi regime. filled Yankee Stadium and erupted when it Florio and Shapiro give equal time He welcomed invitations to parades, galas, took Louis all of 124 seconds to explode to Schmeling’s early days in , movie premieres, black-tie dinners with Hitler’s – and by extension, Schmeling’s – Germany and his own struggles ascending high-ranking members of the Nazi regime myth of Arian superiority. to the top of the heavyweight division in and more meetings with Hitler. He granted There is the suspicion, always, that America. More important, they dedicate interviews to the Nazi newspaper, Der to the fighters and the wise guys Louis- significant space to documenting both Angriff and worked with Hitler’s closest Schmeling II was just two pugs going at it sides of the primary question surrounding ally and favorite propagandist, Joseph to get paid, nothing unusual, and salesmen Schmeling: Was he a Nazi sympathizer in Goebbels, to turn the film of his win over and politicians promoted it into something step with Adolph Hitler’s barbaric ideology, Louis into a documentary. bigger, through phony patriotism and or a mere athlete unwittingly caught up in a Moreover, after he lost to Louis in the hatred, for the sake of their wallets and political movement whose movers used him rematch, Schmeling attended the annual bank accounts; the fans duped again. It as propaganda? Nazi rally in Nuremberg, as he had every isn’t a new story. But sometimes the fighters On one hand, Schmeling resisted pressure year – even though, importantly, any and the wise guys don’t get to decide. from the Third Reich’s minister of sports, value he had as a tool for the Nazi regime Sometimes events are made into something Hans von Tschammer, to jettison his Jewish had dissipated with the loss. Ultimately more by a strong, widely-held belief that manager, Joe Jacobs, and requested a meeting the authors arrive at a fairly nebulous they are something more, or should be. with the fuhrer himself to explain why. (The judgment as it regards Schmeling’s position: Louis-Schmeling II might have been one of meeting was held but Hitler never addressed “Although he was never an official member those events. ★

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