WE PROUDLY PRESENT Public Service Broadcasting in the Nordic Countries Public Service Broadcasting in the Nordic Countries The Nordic Public Service Broadcasters play an important role in the Nordic media landscape. We are serving all the citizens in our countries with sound, images and online services based on quality and pluralism. The seven broadcasters in the five Nordic countries have the skills, experience and a strong will to actively participate in the development of the information society, as we often have done in the past in introducing new technologies. We will always be at the forefront with the production of European content in our own national languages. We deliver reliable and unbiased news, information and documentaries; we provide educational programmes, entertainment and films; and we take upon ourselves the special responsibility of providing quality content for children and the young and for minorities. Our task is also to provide our services by means of new media. We co-operate with the private content producers, thus stimulating the cultural environment in our region. It is widely agreed that, in order to fulfil the democratic, social and cultural needs of each society, we need strong public service broadcasters. That is why the European Union of 25 countries gives its Member States the right to define and organize their public service broadcasting in their own way (The Amsterdam protocol). The Nordic Public Service Broadcasters are here to meet the challenges from digitalisation, fragmentation, commercialisation and media concentration, and to do it on a sound financial basis. In order to meet the challenges that face us on the European level, we are working together through the Nordic Public Service Broadcasters’ Brussels office, which monitors the EU´s telecommunication, culture and media policies as we go further along the path of the information society. We also co-operate in the highly successful regional network, Nordvision. It is an alliance of five public service broadcasters and an arena for a non- profit cross-border exchange of news, programmes and co-productions. p. 2-3 > Sámi language radio programme co-operation in Lapland between Norway (NRK), Sweden (SVT, SR) and Finland (YLE). > Also TV news production in Sámi. Iceland > Population 294,000 > National language: Icelandic > Since 2004 RUV has been Norway distributed on a DTT network covering around 70% of the > Population 4,621,299 population. > National language: Norwegian > Since 2005 RUV has also > Official minority language: Sámi been distributed via ADSL > From 2009 NRK will be connections. distributed on a national > People abroad can access DTT network. RUV radio channels and a > People abroad can access selection of TV programmes NRK channels and a selection Finland on the Internet. of programmes on the > Population 5,191,000 Internet. Sweden Swedish-speaking minority: 5.6% > Population 9,034,837 > National languages: > National language: Swedish Finnish, Swedish > Official minority languages: > TV Finland is distributed Finnish, Sámi, Romani chib, Yiddish throughout Europe by satellite Denmark > SVT Europa is distributed and throughout the Stockholm internationally by satellite and is area and some cable networks > Population 5,416,000 retransmitted in Southern Finland. in Sweden. > National language: Danish > DTT launch in April 1999. > DTT launch on 27 August 2001. > From early 2006 DR TV will DTT network coverage of 98% DTT network coverage of 99.9% be distributed digitally on on 1 January 2006. Digital on 1 August 2005. Digital a national DTT network. switchover will be finalised switchover on 31 August 2007. > People abroad have on 1 February 2008. > The autonomous Åland Islands, Internet access to DR Radio with a population of 26,000, and to a limited selection of have a broadcasting legislation programmes on DR TV. and system of their own. The Public Service Broadcasters in the Nordic countries* > State-owned limited companies: NRK in Administrative Council elected by Parliament in Norway and YLE in Finland; public state-owned Finland. institutions: DR in Denmark and RUV in Iceland > The operations are based on a charter in Swe- > In Sweden the three PSB companies SVT, den, on the Act on YLE in Finland, and on special The anchors of SVT2’s daily SR and UR are owned by an independent public regulations in the general broadcasting law else- Cultural News programme. foundation, the board of which is appointed by where (and PSB provisions given in a PSB contract Photo Johan Paulin the Government after consultations with the in Denmark and a separate ruling in Norway). parliamentary parties. The foundation has no > The companies embrace both radio and televi- The News Division of NRK Sámi influence on the programming, and its main sion except for Sweden with SVT (television), SR Radio in Karasjok leads and co- ordinates extensive local news co- purpose is to serve as a buffer between the state (radio) and UR (education, both radio and TV). operation in Sámi across national power and the programme companies. borders in the northern areas. The > The owner-role is handled by an administrative picture shows the anchor in the foundation in Sweden, by the Ministry of Culture * TV2 in Denmark is a PSB company, but it is Karasjok TV-news studio. in Denmark, Iceland and Norway, and by an not included in this overview. Photo Edmund Grønmo/NRK Nordic public service broadcasters share a common set of bedrock values that are reflected in, among other things, their respective definitions of the public service mandates for radio and television. Indeed, these values transcend national borders as well as cultural and linguistic differences. Though the PSB remits are defined differently, the mission of public service radio and TV broadcasters typically entails the following: > embracing impartial and unimpeachable broad- to form educated opinions and participate in > facilitating access to culture and the arts at casting, while observing fundamental freedoms the democratic process by scrutinizing and com- home and across the Nordic region, and taking of information and expression menting on issues and events that shape our particular responsibility for the languages spoken > using the power of non-commercial radio, world in our countries television, the Internet and other media to offer > offering a diverse cross-section of genres, > taking particular responsibility for providing a a broad, multifaceted range of quality program- opinions, interests and forms of expression wide range of programmes for children and young ming and services > making an unbending commitment to adults, and > stimulating discussion and encouraging people journalistic integrity and editorial autonomy > meeting the special needs of national minorities. p. 4-5 Funding systems > A licence fee is the basic funding form in all handled by the regulatory authority FICORA. Annual television licence fees these PSBs. Only RUV has TV and radio adver- > Denmark and Iceland collect separate radio in Europe in 2005 in euros tising. Only in Finland are operating licence fees licences and black & white and colour TV licences. Iceland 389.26 allocated to PSB (YLE). > VAT is charged on the licence fee at a rate of Switzerland* 291.60 > The amount of the licence fee is decided by 25% in Denmark, 7% in Norway and 14% in Denmark 274.30 Norway Parliament in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, Iceland. In Finland VAT at 8% is charged on the 239.70 Austria* ** 238.18 by the Government in Finland and by the Minis- TV fee revenue that is transferred to YLE. Sweden 213.91 ter of Education, Science and Culture in Iceland. Germany* ** 204.36 > Allocation of the licence fee income is decided Number of Colour TV licence fees paid in 2004 Finland 193.95 Britain** 178.86 by Parliament in Sweden, and also in Denmark > Iceland 90,000 Ireland 155.00 (here usually for a four-year period) and through > Denmark 2,233,000 Belgium/Wallonia 145.49 a fund outside the state budget in Finland. > Norway 1,757,000 France 116.00 Italy 99.60 > The collection of the licence fees is handled > Sweden 3,404,000 by the PSBs, except in Finland, where it is > Finland 2,005,000 * Sum of the television and radio licences, because a television licence-holder must also purchase a radio licence if he or she owns a radio. ** From 1.4.2005. Exchange rate 3.1.2005. Public Service Campaign in Denmark “DR: not like the others.” Using means such as cinema and TV trailers and nationwide public consultation, this is the motto with which DR (Danish Broadcasting Corporation) launched its 2005 campaign to spread the message loud and clear about what DR gives Denmark and what licence payers get for their money from the totally licence-funded DR. In other words, through the campaign, DR aimed at persuading people to pause a moment to think about and appreciate the fact that Denmark still has a non- commercial, politically independent radio/TV channel. DR is, in fact, not like the other Danish radio and television channels. DR also differs from the increasing number of foreign broadcasting channels, owned by multinational media giants, which transmit an endless stream of virtually identical programmes to the whole of Europe. Danish children love DR’s in- These programmes have their sights on entertainment and have no trace house produced children’s whatsoever of everyday life in Denmark or Danish culture and identity. programmes. Many of these series – shown here are the two hosts in “Nørd” – have In the majority of families, everyday life is seemingly becoming more won Danish prizes. DR also and more hectic and fragmented. This is leading to an increased need publishes these children’s programmes as books, videos and CD-ROMs. Photo Ulla Voigt/DR One of the most recent drama series on DR, “Better Times” (Danish title: “Krøniken”), is the story of four young people and their lives from 1949 to 1973 – and also the story of how DR began its transmission of Danish television in 1951.