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Making the State on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier: Chinese Expansion and Local Power in Batang, 1842-1939
Making the State on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier: Chinese Expansion and Local Power in Batang, 1842-1939 William M. Coleman, IV Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Columbia University 2014 © 2013 William M. Coleman, IV All rights reserved Abstract Making the State on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier: Chinese Expansion and Local Power in Batang, 1842-1939 William M. Coleman, IV This dissertation analyzes the process of state building by Qing imperial representatives and Republican state officials in Batang, a predominantly ethnic Tibetan region located in southwestern Sichuan Province. Utilizing Chinese provincial and national level archival materials and Tibetan language works, as well as French and American missionary records and publications, it explores how Chinese state expansion evolved in response to local power and has three primary arguments. First, by the mid-nineteenth century, Batang had developed an identifiable structure of local governance in which native chieftains, monastic leaders, and imperial officials shared power and successfully fostered peace in the region for over a century. Second, the arrival of French missionaries in Batang precipitated a gradual expansion of imperial authority in the region, culminating in radical Qing military intervention that permanently altered local understandings of power. While short-lived, centrally-mandated reforms initiated soon thereafter further integrated Batang into the Qing Empire, thereby -
Hwang, Yin (2014) Victory Pictures in a Time of Defeat: Depicting War in the Print and Visual Culture of Late Qing China 1884 ‐ 1901
Hwang, Yin (2014) Victory pictures in a time of defeat: depicting war in the print and visual culture of late Qing China 1884 ‐ 1901. PhD Thesis. SOAS, University of London http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/18449 Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non‐commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this thesis, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", name of the School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination. VICTORY PICTURES IN A TIME OF DEFEAT Depicting War in the Print and Visual Culture of Late Qing China 1884-1901 Yin Hwang Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the History of Art 2014 Department of the History of Art and Archaeology School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London 2 Declaration for PhD thesis I have read and understood regulation 17.9 of the Regulations for students of the School of Oriental and African Studies concerning plagiarism. I undertake that all the material presented for examination is my own work and has not been written for me, in whole or in part, by any other person. -
The Jesuit Role As “Experts” in High Qing Cartography and Technology∗
臺大歷史學報第31期 BIBLID1012-8514(2003)31p.223-250 2003年6月,頁223~250 2003.1.7收稿,2003.5.29通過刊登 The Jesuit Role as “Experts” in High Qing Cartography and Technology∗ Benjamin A. Elman∗∗ Abstract Earlier accounts have generally overvalued or undervalued the role of the Jesu- its in Ming-Qing intellectual life. In many cases the Jesuits were less relevant in the ongoing changes occurring in literati learning. In the medical field, for example, before the nineteenth century few Qing physicians (ruyi 儒醫) took early modern European “Galenic” medicine seriously as a threat to native remedies. On the other hand, the Kangxi revival of interest in mathematics was closely tied to the introduc- tion of Jesuit algebra (jiegen fang 借根方), trigonometry (sanjiao xue 三角學), and logarithyms (duishu 對數). In the midst of the relatively “closed door” policies of the Yongzheng emperor and his successors, a large-scale effort to recover and col- late the treasures of ancient Chinese mathematics were prioritized in the late eight- eenth and early nineteenth century. Despite setbacks during the early eighteenth century Rites Controversy, the Jesuits in China remained important “experts” (專家) in the Astro-Calendric Bureau (欽天監) and supervisors in the Qing dynasty’s imperial workshops. Earlier Adam Schall (1592-1666) and Ferdinand Verbiest (1623-1688) had not only championed the role of mathematics in Christianizing literati elites, but they also produced in- struments and weapons at the behest of both the Ming and Qing dynasties. The tech- nical expertise of the Jesuits in the China mission during the eighteenth century also ranged from translating Western texts and maps, introducing surveying methods to producing cannon, pulley systems, sundials, telescopes, water-pumps, musical in- struments, clocks, and other mechanical devices. -
Y Chromosome of Aisin Gioro, the Imperial House of Qing Dynasty
Y Chromosome of Aisin Gioro, the Imperial House of Qing Dynasty YAN Shi1*, TACHIBANA Harumasa2, WEI Lan‐Hai1, YU Ge1, WEN Shao‐Qing1, WANG Chuan‐Chao1 1 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China 2 Pen name * Please contact [email protected] Abstract House of Aisin Gioro is the imperial family of the last dynasty in Chinese history – Qing Dynasty (1644 – 1911). Aisin Gioro family originated from Jurchen tribes and developed the Manchu people before they conquered China. By investigating the Y chromosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) of 7 modern male individuals who claim belonging to Aisin Gioro family (in which 3 have full records of pedigree), we found that 3 of them (in which 2 keep full pedigree, whose most recent common ancestor is Nurgaci) shows very close relationship (1 – 2 steps of difference in 17 STR) and the haplotype is rare. We therefore conclude that this haplotype is the Y chromosome of the House of Aisin Gioro. Further tests of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) indicates that they belong to Haplogroup C3b2b1*‐M401(xF5483), although their Y‐STR results are distant to the “star cluster”, which also belongs to the same haplogroup. This study forms the base for the pedigree research of the imperial family of Qing Dynasty by means of genetics. Keywords: Y chromosome, paternal lineage, pedigree, family history, haplogroup, Qing Dynasty This research was supported by the grants from the National Science Foundation of China (31271338), and from Ministry of Education (311016). -
Chinax Course Notes
Part 6: The Manchus and the Qing 23: The Qing Vision of Empire Professor Mark Elliot taught most of this section, allowing us to benefit from his personal focus on the Qing and the Manchus. Professor Bol stepped in for one week to teach The Scholars and Prosperous Suzhou, which must have been his special interest. It was one of the most fascinating weeks of the course129 and by far the toughest. Historical Overview The origins of the Qing dynasty date back to the 1630s with a peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng, a former postal official. Indeed, this may be the first recorded instance of an individual 'going postal.' 130 Li's rebellion spread through central China, drawing upon the anger of farmers, clerks, and soldiers who were devastated by, among other things, the inflation of copper currency against the silver required for tax payments.131 By the 1640s, the rebel army was moving toward Beijing. Meanwhile, the Manchus, descendents of the Jurchens of the Jin dynasty, were uniting tribal groups northeast of China, forging alliances with the eastern Mongols and raiding the Ming, all under the leadership of Nurhaci. By the late 1620s, the Ming had lost control of the northeast. Hong Taiji, Nurhaci's son and successor, re-organized and strengthened the Jin state, and in the 1630s conquered Korea, bolstering Manchu security and prestige. In 1636, Hong renamed his dynasty the Great Qing (da qing). In 1644, Li's rebels captured Beijing, leading the Ming emperor to hang himself. Shortly after that, the Ming general Wu Sangui, who was guarding the Great Wall at the Shanhai Pass, allied with the Manchus against Li Zicheng, deciding that he preferred the organized armies of the Manchus to the pillaging forces of the rebellion. -
Analysis of the Shamanic Empire of the Early Qing, Its Role in Inner Asian
THE SHAMANIC EMPIRE AND THE HEAVENLY ASTUTE KHAN: ANALYSIS OF THE SHAMANIC EMPIRE OF THE EARLY QING, ITS ROLE IN INNER ASIAN HEGEMONY, THE NATURE OF SHAMANIC KHANSHIP, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR MANCHU IDENTITY A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI’I AT MANOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN HISTORY May 2020 By Stephen Garrett Thesis Committee: Shana Brown, Chairperson Edward Davis Wensheng Wang Keywords: Qing Dynasty, Manchu, Mongol, Inner Asia, Shamanism, Religion and Empire Acknowledgments: I would like to first and foremost show my deepest gratitude to my master’s thesis advisor, Dr. Shana Brown, whose ongoing uplifting support and instrumental advice were central to my academic success, without which I couldn’t have reached the finish line. I would also like to extend deepest thanks to my master’s thesis committee members Dr. Edward Davis and Dr. Wensheng Wang, who freely offered their time, efforts, and expertise to support me during this thesis project. Additionally, I would like to extend thanks to Dr. Mathew Lauzon and Dr. Matthew Romaniello, who both offered a great deal of academic and career advice, for which I am greatly appreciative. Special thanks to my peers: Ryan Fleming, Reed Riggs, Sun Yunhe, Wong Wengpok, and the many other friends and colleagues I have made during my time at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. They have always been a wellspring of academic advice, discussion, and support. While writing my master’s thesis, I have had the pleasure of working with the wonderful professional staff and faculty of the University of Hawaii at Manoa, whose instruction and support were invaluable to my academic success. -
Chinese Hereditary Mathematician Families of the Astronomical Bureau, 1620-1850
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 2-2015 Chinese Hereditary Mathematician Families of the Astronomical Bureau, 1620-1850 Ping-Ying Chang Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/538 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] CHINESE HEREDITARY MATHEMATICIAN FAMILIES OF THE ASTRONOMICAL BUREAU, 1620–1850 by PING-YING CHANG A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2015 ii © 2015 PING-YING CHANG All Rights Reserved iii This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in History in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Professor Joseph W. Dauben ________________________ _______________________________________________ Date Chair of Examining Committee Professor Helena Rosenblatt ________________________ _______________________________________________ Date Executive Officer Professor Richard Lufrano Professor David Gordon Professor Wann-Sheng Horng Supervisory Committee THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iv Abstract CHINESE HEREDITARY MATHEMATICIAN FAMILIES OF THE ASTRONOMICAL BUREAU, 1620–1850 by Ping-Ying Chang Adviser: Professor Joseph W. Dauben This dissertation presents a research that relied on the online Archive of the Grand Secretariat at the Institute of History of Philology of the Academia Sinica in Taiwan and many digitized archival materials to reconstruct the hereditary mathematician families of the Astronomical Bureau in Qing China. -
An Introduction and Identification Guide to Chinese Qing-Dynasty Coins
An introduction and identification guide to Chinese Qing-dynasty coins by Qin Cao This guide has been developed to provide a quick and easy way of identifying Chinese cash coins of the Qing dynasty (1644-1911), the last imperial dynasty of China. They are the most common Chinese coins seen in the UK. In English, they are often known as ‘cash coins’ after the pidgin English word ‘cash’ for small base metal coins. This word was derived via the Portuguese form ‘caixa’ from the Indian word ‘karsha’ (meaning a small copper coin) 1. Of course, in Chinese they have a different name, and are known as ‘qian’ (an old name for coin, originally from a weight term), ‘tongqian’ (which translates literally as ‘copper coin’) or ‘wen’ (another old name for coin). Qing-dynasty coins, like Chinese coins for centuries before them, are copper alloy pieces cast from moulds, with a square hole in the middle and an inscription. There are no pictorial images on Chinese cash coins. People normally refer to a coin by the inscription on the obverse (front). For example, a coin with the obverse inscription ‘Kangxi tongbao’ is known as a ‘Kangxi tongbao coin’. Unless otherwise indicated, all ‘Kangxi tongbao coins’ have a denomination of 1-cash. The obverse inscription on most Qing-dynasty coins consists of four characters arranged around the hole, in the order top-bottom-right-left. The first two characters provide the reign title of the emperor. In the Qing dynasty most emperors had only one reign title (in other dynasties, the emperors had several reign titles each); only one emperor had two reign titles. -
Chinas Last Empire the Great Qing 1St Edition Pdf, Epub, Ebook
CHINAS LAST EMPIRE THE GREAT QING 1ST EDITION PDF, EPUB, EBOOK William T Rowe | 9780674066243 | | | | | Chinas Last Empire The Great Qing 1st edition PDF Book Ta 2 Ch'ing 1. Cuisine aroused a cultural pride in the richness of a long and varied past. Imperial China, — Fairbank, John K. British soldiers, using advanced muskets and artillery, easily outmanoeuvred and outgunned Qing forces in ground battles. However, the success of the Yongying system led to its becoming a permanent regional force within the Qing military, which in the long run created problems for the beleaguered central government. The revolution used to be a history turning event whose importance and significance couldn't be overstated. Banner Armies were organized along ethnic lines, namely Manchu and Mongol, but included non-Manchu bondservants registered under the household of their Manchu masters. However, throughout the Qing dynasty, the emperor and his court, as well as the bureaucracy, worked towards reducing the distinctions between the debased and free but did not completely succeed even at the end of its era in merging the two classifications together. However Japan threatened to enter the war against China due to the Gapsin Coup and China chose to end the war with negotiations. Harvard University Press. Cixi sided with the Boxers and was decisively defeated by the eight invading powers, leading to the flight of the Imperial Court to Xi'an. Nurhaci also created the civil and military administrative system that eventually evolved into the Eight Banners , the defining element of Manchu identity and the foundation for transforming the loosely-knitted Jurchen tribes into a single nation. -
Buddhist Revival in China: Values of the Development of Mount Wutai By
Buddhist Revival in China: Values of the Development of Mount Wutai by Chunyu Zhang A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Anthropology Department of Anthropology University of Alberta © Chunyu Zhang, 2016 Abstract In China, the Chinese Communist Party (中國共產黨 CCP) has created a complicated administrative system to control religion. The CCP severely regulated and almost eradicated a number of religious groups during the Cultural Revolution (文化大革命). In the early 1980s, however, religion was allowed to slowly revive under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping (鄧小平). The CCP adopted a series of moderate policies on religious affairs and began to exploit the secular values of religion, including Buddhism and Buddhist sacred sites, to serve the Party-state. This thesis explores the Chinese government’s approach to the management of religion through the case of Mount Wutai (五臺山), a traditional Buddhist sacred mountain in China. Historically Mont Wutai was an important site for Tibetan and Mongolian Buddhists. Today the Buddhist monasteries are the site of active religious communities, but Mount Wutai also is a UNESCO World Heritage site and a destination for tourists. The thesis explores the ways that Mount Wutai has developed since 1980s under the influence of both Buddhist revivalism and politically-motivated secularization.1 The thesis demonstrates that the political environment has changed precisely because the government now recognizes Mount Wutai’s secular values, and investigates the development of Mount Wutai in light of its economic and political values to the government, the local community, and the local Buddhist community. -
Empire and Identity in Guizhou: Local Resistance to Qing Expansion, by Jodi L
STUDIES ON ETHNIC GROUPS IN CHINA Stevan Harrell, Editor STUDIES ON ETHNIC GROUPS IN CHINA Cultural Encounters on China’s Ethnic Frontiers, edited by Stevan Harrell Guest People: Hakka Identity in China and Abroad, edited by Nicole Constable Familiar Strangers: A History of Muslims in Northwest China, by Jonathan N. Lipman Lessons in Being Chinese: Minority Education and Ethnic Identity in Southwest China, by Mette Halskov Hansen Manchus and Han: Ethnic Relations and Political Power in Late Qing and Early Republican China, 1861–1928, by Edward J. M. Rhoads Ways of Being Ethnic in Southwest China, by Stevan Harrell Governing China’s Multiethnic Frontiers, edited by Morris Rossabi On the Margins of Tibet: Cultural Survival on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier, by Åshild Kolås and Monika P. Th owsen Th e Art of Ethnography: A Chinese “Miao Album,” translation by David M. Deal and Laura Hostetler Doing Business in Rural China: Liangshan’s New Ethnic Entrepreneurs, by Th omas Heberer Communist Multiculturalism: Ethnic Revival in Southwest China, by Susan K. McCarthy Religious Revival in the Tibetan Borderlands: Th e Premi of Southwest China, by Koen Wellens In the Land of the Eastern Queendom: Th e Politics of Gender and Ethnicity on the Sino-Tibetan Border, by Tenzin Jinba Empire and Identity in Guizhou: Local Resistance to Qing Expansion, by Jodi L. Weinstein China’s New Socialist Countryside: Modernity Arrives in the Nu River Valley, by Russell Harwood Empire and Identity in Guizhou Local Resistance to Qing Expansion ※ JODI L. WEINSTEIN UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON PRESS / SEATTLE AND LONDON Publication of this book was supported by a generous grant from the Association for Asian Studies First Book Subvention Program. -
Timeline of Qing History [PDF]
TIMELINE OF QING EMPRESSES IN WORLD CONTEXT Significant moments in Chinese history, 1653 1704 1736 including those most relevant to the empresses Empress Xiaozhuang takes up residence at Lady Niohuru (1693–1777), a member of a Qianlong grants his mother, Chongqing, the title featured in this book, are featured here along the Palace of Compassion and Tranquility prominent Manchu family, enters the household of empress dowager. She enters her newly built with major events in world history, especially (Cining gong), later using it as a site for of the future Yongzheng emperor (r. 1723–35) residence, the Palace of Longevity and Health those involving women of note. Buddhist worship. as a low-ranking consort. She is later known as (Shoukang gong). Empress Dowager Chongqing and Empress 1661 Xiaosheng. 1744 The Shunzhi emperor dies and is succeeded Empress Xiaoxian presides over the Qing by his son, known as the Kangxi emperor 1616 1716 dynasty’s first state sericulture ceremony at the The chieftain Nurhaci (r. 1616–26) unites various (r. 1662–1722). Italian Jesuit missionary Giuseppe Castiglione Altar of the Goddess of Silkworms in Beijing. Jurchen tribes and proclaims his rulership of the (Lang Shining; 1688–1766) becomes the first 1661 Later Jin dynasty. European court painter in China. 1748 Empress Xiaozhuang receives the title of grand Empress Xiaoxian dies, plunging the Qianlong empress dowager and serves as her grandson’s 1625 1722 emperor into grief. Bumbutai (1613–1688), a descendant of adviser and mentor until her death in 1688. The Yongzheng emperor ascends the throne a Mongol royal line, marries Hong Taiji after the death of his father.