DEVELOPMENT OF REMEDIATION PLANS WITH FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ELIMINATION OF INDUSTRIAL HOTSPOTS (EUROPEAID/123674/D/SER/MK) FEASIBILITY STUDY – Volume IV – Makstil – Ferro Slag Dumpsite - Skopje Development of Remediation Plans with Financial Requirements for Elimination of Industrial Hotspots An EU-funded project managed by the European Agency for Reconstruction Development of Remediation Plans with Financial Requirements for Elimination of Industrial Hotspots - Europeaid/123674/D/SER/MK Feasibility Study - Volume IV – Makstil – Ferro Slag Dumpsite - Skopje FEASIBILITY STUDY – Volume IV – Makstil – Ferro Slag Dumpsite - Skopje Project Title: Development of remediation plans with financial requirements for elimination of industrial hotspots Contract Number: 06MAC01/09/103 Contracting Authority: EUROPEAN AGENCY FOR RECONSTRUCTION Task Manager: Mr. Ivan Borisavljevic Address: Makedonija street 11/1, 1000 Skopje Phone: +389 2 3286-731 E-mail: [email protected] Beneficiary: MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND PHYSICAL PLANNING National coordinator: Mrs. Kaja Sukova Address: Drezdenska 52, 1000 Skopje Phone: +389 2 3066-930 extension 142 E-mail address: [email protected] Consultant: EPTISA (in consortium with DHI) Project Director: Mr. Marko Cacanoski Team Leader: Mr. Ewald Spitaler Address (Consultant): Princesa 3, planta 6, 28008 Madrid, Spain Address (Project): III Makedonska brigada 10a, 1000 Skopje Phone (Consultant): +381 62 208 700 Phone/Fax (Project): +389 2 3289-295 E-mail addresses: [email protected] [email protected] Date of report: 15th October 2007 Revision Number: -- 00 -- Approved: Mr. Ivan Borisavljevic …………………………………………. Development of Remediation Plans with Financial Requirements for Elimination of Industrial Hotspots An EU-funded project managed by the European Agency for Reconstruction Page 2 of 158 Development of Remediation Plans with Financial Requirements for Elimination of Industrial Hotspots - Europeaid/123674/D/SER/MK Feasibility Study - Volume IV – Makstil – Ferro Slag Dumpsite - Skopje LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AP Action Plan maSl meter above Sea level BAT Best Available Techniques BATNEEC Best Available Techniques Not Entailing Excessive Costs CARDS Community Assistance, Reconstruction, Development and Stabilisation CE Central-East CHIP Chemicals Hazard Information & Packaging COSHH Control of Substances Hazardous to Health DALY Disability Adjusted Life Years DS Dangerous Substances EAR European Agency for Reconstruction EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development EC European Commission ESC Environmental Steering Committee € Euro EIONET European Environmental Information and Observation Network EU European Union GIS Geographic Information System GLPs Good Laboratory Practices GoM Government of Macedonia GPS Global Positioning System GTZ Gesellschaft fuer Technische Zusammenarbeit HWL Hazardous Waste List HZW Hazardous Waste HZWM Hazardous Waste Management IFI International Financial Institution ISC Inter-ministerial Steering Committee ISPA Instrument for Structural Policies for Pre-accession IPH Institute for Health Protection IPPC Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control ISIC International Standard of Industrial Classification Rev. 2 1968 (UNIDO) KfW Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau ( German Bank for Reconstruction ) LOAEL Lowest-Observed-Adverse- Effect Level LoW List of Wastes Development of Remediation Plans with Financial Requirements for Elimination of Industrial Hotspots An EU-funded project managed by the European Agency for Reconstruction Page 3 of 158 Development of Remediation Plans with Financial Requirements for Elimination of Industrial Hotspots - Europeaid/123674/D/SER/MK Feasibility Study - Volume IV – Makstil – Ferro Slag Dumpsite - Skopje LSG Local Self Government LWM Law on Waste Management maSl meter above Sea level MoEPP Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning MoH Ministry of Health MoF Ministry of Finance MoE Ministry of Economy MoTC Ministry of Transport and Communication NACE The EC statistical office (Eurostat) classification scheme of economic activities. ('Nomenclature générale des Activités économiques dans les Communautés Européennes' [General Industrial Classification of Economic Activities within the European Communities]) NE North-East NEAP National Environmental Action Plan NOAEL No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level NWMP National Waste Management Plan REC Regional Environmental Centre for Central and Eastern Europe REReP Regional Environmental Reconstruction Programme RfD Reference Dose POPs Persistent Organic Pollutants REReP Regional Environmental Reconstruction Program for South Eastern Europe PPP Public Private Partnership RIHP Republic Institute for Health Protection SAA Stabilisation and Association Agreement SC Steering Committee SMEs Small and Medium Size Enterprises SoEs Social owned entities SW Solid Waste SWM Solid Waste Management TA Technical Assistance TCLP Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure TNA Training Needs Analysis ToR Terms of Reference UNDP United Nation Development Programme UNEP United Nation Environmental Programme WHO World Health Organization WG Working Group Development of Remediation Plans with Financial Requirements for Elimination of Industrial Hotspots An EU-funded project managed by the European Agency for Reconstruction Page 4 of 158 Development of Remediation Plans with Financial Requirements for Elimination of Industrial Hotspots - Europeaid/123674/D/SER/MK Feasibility Study - Volume IV – Makstil – Ferro Slag Dumpsite - Skopje WWT Waste Water Treatment YYL Years of life lost Development of Remediation Plans with Financial Requirements for Elimination of Industrial Hotspots An EU-funded project managed by the European Agency for Reconstruction Page 5 of 158 Development of Remediation Plans with Financial Requirements for Elimination of Industrial Hotspots - Europeaid/123674/D/SER/MK Feasibility Study - Volume IV – Makstil – Ferro Slag Dumpsite - Skopje Table of Contents Извршно резиме 14 Executive Summary 19 1 Introduction 23 1.1 Current state of affairs in Industrial Hotspots Management 23 2 Objectives / Results / Scope 25 2.1 Specific objectives 25 2.1.1 Results to be achieved by the Consultant 25 2.1.2 Scope of the work 25 2.1.2.1 Project description 25 2.1.3 Target groups 26 2.2 Phases of the Project 26 2.3 Contents of the Study 26 3 Generally Description of the Site – Makstil – Ferro Slag Dumpsite 27 3.1 Geographical Description of the area 27 3.1.1 Climate Characteristics 28 3.2 Topographical Description of the area 28 3.3 Geological Description of the area 28 3.4 Hydro-geological Description of the area 29 4 Legal Perspective 31 4.1 Gap analyse 34 4.1.1 Gap Identification 34 4.1.2 Gap Summary 35 4.2 Terms of References 35 4.3 Property of Land 35 4.4 Ammendments on the law of waste management 35 5 Institutional Perspective 36 5.1 Funding Mechanism and set up of an implementation agency 36 5.1.1 Recommendation for the Most Appropriate Financing Model for former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 37 5.1.1.1 Selection criteria and principles 37 5.2 Institutional Framework for the Remediation Fund 38 5.2.1 Overview of existing institutional situation in Macedonia regarding remediation 38 5.2.2 Selection of institutional set up for the Macedonian Remediation Fund 39 5.2.2.1 Selection principles 39 5.2.2.2 Management of the Remediation Fund 39 5.2.3 Operational procedures of the Remediation Fund 41 5.3 Public Awareness and Information 42 5.4 Objectives 42 Development of Remediation Plans with Financial Requirements for Elimination of Industrial Hotspots An EU-funded project managed by the European Agency for Reconstruction Page 6 of 158 Development of Remediation Plans with Financial Requirements for Elimination of Industrial Hotspots - Europeaid/123674/D/SER/MK Feasibility Study - Volume IV – Makstil – Ferro Slag Dumpsite - Skopje 5.4.1 Specific objectives are formulated as follows 42 5.5 Approach 42 5.5.1 Core Issues related to public awareness 42 5.5.2 The core issues related to PA can be summarized as follows 43 5.6 Experiences of past Public Awareness activities in the Skopje region 43 5.7 Target Groups, Information Needs, Communication Techniques 44 5.7.1 General public 44 5.7.2 Schools 44 5.7.3 National (Central) Government 44 5.7.4 Media 45 5.7.5 NGOs 45 5.7.6 Business sector 46 5.7.7 Local Authorities 46 5.7.8 Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning (MOEPP) 46 5.7.9 Donor 47 5.8 Key aspects of Public awareness rising 48 5.8.1 Communication techniques in small groups 48 5.8.2 Techniques for large groups participation 49 5.9 Public awareness rising program 49 6 Technical Perspective - Assessments 53 6.1 Qualitative Health Impact Assessment 53 6.1.1 Background- General profile of the Country 53 6.1.2 Legal Framework and Institutions 56 6.1.2.1 Approximation 58 6.1.3 State of the Environment and Health in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 59 6.1.4 Health Risk Impacting factors 62 6.1.4.1 Air pollution 62 6.1.4.2 Indoor air pollution 64 6.1.4.3 Drinking water 64 6.1.4.4 Water for recreation purposes 65 6.1.4.5 Wastewater discharges 65 6.1.4.6 Waste 65 6.1.4.7 Noise 66 6.1.4.8 Food safety 66 6.1.5 Occupational Health 67 6.1.5.1 Radioactivity 67 6.1.6 Health Risk Assessment Methodologies 67 6.1.6.1 Risk estimation 67 6.1.6.2 Risk evaluation 67 6.1.6.3 Risk control 67 6.1.7 Methods 68 6.1.7.1 Advantage of various Methods 69 6.1.7.2 Risks and Constrains of various Methods 70 6.1.7.3 Parameters and Indicators for choosing