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TheWHORegional OfficeforEurope TheWorldHealthOrganization (WHO)isaspecializedagency oftheUnitedNationscreatedin 1948withtheprimary responsibilityforinternational healthmattersandpublic health.TheWHORegional OfficeforEuropeis oneofsix regionalofficesthroughoutthe world,eachwithitsown programmegearedtothe particularhealthconditionsof thecountriesitserves. MemberStates Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium BosniaandHerzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus CzechRepublic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal RepublicofMoldova SeismicVulnerability Romania RussianFederation SanMarino AssessmentofaKey Serbia Slovakia Slovenia HealthFacilityinThe Spain Sweden Switzerland formerYugoslavRepublic Tajikistan TheformerYugoslav RepublicofMacedonia ofMacedonia Turkey Turkmenistan Ukraine WorldHealthOrganization UnitedKingdom Uzbekistan RegionalOfficeforEurope -ahandbook - Scherfigsvej8,DK-2100Copenhagenø-,Denmark Tel.:+4539171717. Fax:+4539171818.E-mail:[email protected] Original: English Website:www.euro.who.int Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of a Key Health Facility in The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia – a handbook – Keywords HEALTH FACILITIES NATURAL DISASTERS RISK ASSESSMENT EVALUATION STUDIES ARCHITECTURE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA EUR/07/5067229 Address requests about publications of the WHO Regional Office for Europe to: Publications WHO Regional Office for Europe Scherfigsvej 8 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark Alternatively, complete an online request form for documentation, health information, or for permission to quote or translate, on the Regional Office web site (http://www.euro.who.int/pubrequest). © World Health Organization 2007 All rights reserved. The Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Where the designation “country or area” appears in the headings of tables, it covers countries, territories, cities, or areas. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. The World Health Organization does not warrant that the information contained in this publication is complete and correct and shall not be liable for any damages incurred as a result of its use. The views expressed by authors or editors do not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of the World Health Organization. CONTENTS Page Preface ................................................................................................................................. i Foreword ............................................................................................................................. ii 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 2. Paediatric clinic, clinical centre – Skopje............................................................................. 3 2.1 General information................................................................................................ 3 2.2 Architectural and structural characteristics ............................................................... 3 2.3 Present state of the facility and maintenance ........................................................... 6 2.4 Site geological conditions........................................................................................ 7 2.5 Site seismicity ........................................................................................................ 7 3. Seismic vulnerability evaluation of paediatric clinic............................................................ 11 3.1 General ............................................................................................................... 11 3.2 Structural vulnerability evaluation.......................................................................... 12 3.3 Non-structural vulnerability evaluation................................................................... 13 3.3.1 Architectural elements............................................................................... 13 3.3.2 Equipment and furnishing.......................................................................... 13 3.3.3 Basic installation and services.................................................................... 13 3.4 Administrative/organizational vulnerability evaluation ............................................. 14 3.4.1 Capability assessment ............................................................................... 15 3.4.2 Spatial distribution of services ................................................................... 15 3.4.3 External dependences ............................................................................... 16 3.5 Health facility general evaluation........................................................................... 16 4. Seismic vulnerability assessment ..................................................................................... 17 4.1 Seismic demand estimation................................................................................... 17 4.2 Ambient vibration measurements .......................................................................... 19 4.3 Assessment of the expected facility damageability and performance........................ 22 4.4 Seismic vulnerability mitigation measures for the Paediatric clinic............................ 26 5. Conclusions and recommendations .................................................................................. 28 6. References ..................................................................................................................... 31 Appendix A: Plans of the Paediatric clinic ............................................................................. 32 Appendix B: Photos of the Paediatric clinic ........................................................................... 39 Appendix C: HVE forms....................................................................................................... 46 Preface There is a widely held expectation that hospitals and other health facilities are prepared to deal with any crisis. This perception in general may be valid, however past events have demonstrated that they may be particularly vulnerable to earthquakes and therefore rendered unable to respond. The seismic vulnerability of hospitals, if compared to other buildings and installations of equal size and construction, is more complex since it is generated by their structural, functional, technological and administrative/organizational performance. A reliable and comprehensive hospital vulnerability assessment can only be carried out taking into account all three main vulnerability categories. Considering the primary issues proceeded from the World Conference on Disaster Reduction held in January, 2005 in Kobe, Japan (Session 4.2, Thematic cluster 4) regarding vulnerability reduction in health facilities, the World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, (WHO-EURO) Copenhagen, Denmark and the Section for Risk, Disaster Management and Strategic Planning (RDM) at the Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology (IZIIS-Skopje), University “St. Cyril and Methodius”, Skopje launched integral Health Facility seismic vulnerability Evaluation method (HVE method). It is suitable to perform preliminary (qualitative/quantitative) vulnerability assessment, to identify the possible weak elements in the facility and main vulnerability agents as well as to decide for prioritizations of the necessary further “in-depth” investigations. As a pilot study, the HVE method is successfully implemented to Paediatric Clinic, Clinical Centre, Skopje, considering its importance in the health-care system of the country as well as the occupancy type – children of all ages, ranging from newborns to 14 years. The method is extended with detailed seismic vulnerability assessment including ambient vibration measurements. Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology, University “St. Cyril and Methodius”, Skopje, extend its most sincere gratitude to WHO - Regional Office for Europe for recognizing the need for performing such activity as well as the financial aid provided for its execution. Considering the confirmed effectiveness and reliability of the HVE method, the authors believe that it will be used to perform complex vulnerability evaluation to other important health-care facilities in The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and the wider region. May 20, 2006 Dr Goran S. TRENDAFILOSKI Principal project investigator – i – Foreword “Seismic
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