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Microsoft's Internet Exploration: Predatory Or Competitive?
Cornell Journal of Law and Public Policy Volume 9 Article 3 Issue 1 Fall 1999 Microsoft’s Internet Exploration: Predatory or Competitive Thomas W. Hazlett Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/cjlpp Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Hazlett, Thomas W. (1999) "Microsoft’s Internet Exploration: Predatory or Competitive," Cornell Journal of Law and Public Policy: Vol. 9: Iss. 1, Article 3. Available at: http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/cjlpp/vol9/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Scholarship@Cornell Law: A Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Cornell Journal of Law and Public Policy by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Cornell Law: A Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MICROSOFT'S INTERNET EXPLORATION: PREDATORY OR COMPETITIVE? Thomas W. Hazlettt In May 1998 the U.S. Department of Justice ("DOJ") accused Microsoft of violatirig the Sherman Antitrust Act by vigorously compet- ing against Netscape's Navigator software with Microsoft's rival browser, Internet Explorer. The substance of the allegation revolves around defensive actions taken by Microsoft to protect the dominant po- sition enjoyed by Microsoft's Windows operating system. The DOJ's theory is that, were it not for Microsoft's overly aggressive reaction to Netscape, Navigator software would have been more broadly distributed, thus enabling competition to Windows. This competition would have come directly from Java, a computer language developed by Sun Microsystems and embedded in Netscape software, allowing applications to run on any underlying operating system. -
The Origins of the Underline As Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: a Case Study in Skeuomorphism
The Origins of the Underline as Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: A Case Study in Skeuomorphism The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Romano, John J. 2016. The Origins of the Underline as Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: A Case Study in Skeuomorphism. Master's thesis, Harvard Extension School. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33797379 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA The Origins of the Underline as Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: A Case Study in Skeuomorphism John J Romano A Thesis in the Field of Visual Arts for the Degree of Master of Liberal Arts in Extension Studies Harvard University November 2016 Abstract This thesis investigates the process by which the underline came to be used as the default signifier of hyperlinks on the World Wide Web. Created in 1990 by Tim Berners- Lee, the web quickly became the most used hypertext system in the world, and most browsers default to indicating hyperlinks with an underline. To answer the question of why the underline was chosen over competing demarcation techniques, the thesis applies the methods of history of technology and sociology of technology. Before the invention of the web, the underline–also known as the vinculum–was used in many contexts in writing systems; collecting entities together to form a whole and ascribing additional meaning to the content. -
QUICK GUIDE How to Download a Digital Publication to View Offline from the BC Publications Subscription Library
QUICK GUIDE how to download a digital publication to view offline from the BC Publications subscription library INTERNET EXPLORER, P2 FIREFOX, P4 GOOGLE CHROME, P6 INTERNET EXPLORER STEP 1 Begin with opening the publication from the “My Publications” page. Now select the “Save to browser” button in the top right corner Once completed the following message will appear. Select the “Close” button Quick Guide 2 To find out how to display the “favorites bar” go to Page 8 STEP 2: ADD TO FAVORITES Bookmark the URL by selecting the “Add to Favorites” option. The “Add to Favorite” dialogue box will From the top Menu select the “Favorites”, then from the drop down appear and users may change the favorite name within the Name field at this time. select the “Add to Favorites” option or select the Favorites icon. Next select the “Add” button. The “Add to Favorite” dialogue Anytime the workstation is offline (not connected to the internet) this link within the Favorites will provide the user access to the bookmarked offline copy. To access this link launch Internet Explorer, Open list of Favorites and select the title as originally saved. Quick Guide 3 STEP 1 FIREFOX Now select the “Save to browser” Begin with opening the publication from the “My Publications” page button in the top right corner The browser will begin saving and the following box will appear. Once completed the following message will appear. Select the “Close” button Quick Guide 4 To find out how to display the “favorites bar” go to Page 9 STEP 2: BOOKMARK THE URL Bookmark the URL by selecting the “Bookmark this page” button. -
Netscape 6.2.3 Software for Solaris Operating Environment
What’s New in Netscape 6.2 Netscape 6.2 builds on the successful release of Netscape 6.1 and allows you to do more online with power, efficiency and safety. New is this release are: Support for the latest operating systems ¨ BETTER INTEGRATION WITH WINDOWS XP q Netscape 6.2 is now only one click away within the Windows XP Start menu if you choose Netscape as your default browser and mail applications. Also, you can view the number of incoming email messages you have from your Windows XP login screen. ¨ FULL SUPPORT FOR MACINTOSH OS X Other enhancements Netscape 6.2 offers a more seamless experience between Netscape Mail and other applications on the Windows platform. For example, you can now easily send documents from within Microsoft Word, Excel or Power Point without leaving that application. Simply choose File, “Send To” to invoke the Netscape Mail client to send the document. What follows is a more comprehensive list of the enhancements delivered in Netscape 6.1 CONFIDENTIAL UNTIL AUGUST 8, 2001 Netscape 6.1 Highlights PR Contact: Catherine Corre – (650) 937-4046 CONFIDENTIAL UNTIL AUGUST 8, 2001 Netscape Communications Corporation ("Netscape") and its licensors retain all ownership rights to this document (the "Document"). Use of the Document is governed by applicable copyright law. Netscape may revise this Document from time to time without notice. THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. IN NO EVENT SHALL NETSCAPE BE LIABLE FOR INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY KIND ARISING FROM ANY ERROR IN THIS DOCUMENT, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY LOSS OR INTERRUPTION OF BUSINESS, PROFITS, USE OR DATA. -
Attachment to Pih Notice 2000-34
Office of Public and Indian Housing SEMAP (Section 8 Management Assessment Program) Certification Technical Requirements · Computer with Pentium processor or higher · 100 Mb or larger hard drive · 16 Mb or more RAM · VGA Monitor · 28.8KBps or higher modem connected to an outside telephone line or a direct connection to the Internet · Operating system capable of Internet access · Internet Browser: Netscape 4.0 or higher, Internet Explorer 4.0 or higher* *It is possible to use the PIC to submit information by using either Netscape 3.2 or Internet Explorer 3.2. However, several features that enhance usability (for example, certain colors) are not available unless Netscape 4.0 or higher, Internet Explorer 4.0 or higher is used. Setting up Internet Service In order to obtain an Internet Service Provider in your area, you can look in the Yellow Pages of the telephone book under "Computers.” Usually there is a section called "On-Line Access Providers" which will give you a list of companies in your area that can provide Internet access. It may be helpful to call two or three providers to compare prices and services. Only basic Internet service is needed to use the SEMAP system to submit SEMAP certifications. In most cases, the Internet Service Provider will provide Internet browser software and will provide assistance for installing the software, configuring a modem, and accessing the Internet. You should ensure that the provider you select does, in fact, provide the browser software and provides some support. Once the browser software is installed, you will require a connection from your computer to a regular phone line to access the Internet. -
HTTP Cookie - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia 14/05/2014
HTTP cookie - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 14/05/2014 Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history Search HTTP cookie From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Navigation A cookie, also known as an HTTP cookie, web cookie, or browser HTTP Main page cookie, is a small piece of data sent from a website and stored in a Persistence · Compression · HTTPS · Contents user's web browser while the user is browsing that website. Every time Request methods Featured content the user loads the website, the browser sends the cookie back to the OPTIONS · GET · HEAD · POST · PUT · Current events server to notify the website of the user's previous activity.[1] Cookies DELETE · TRACE · CONNECT · PATCH · Random article Donate to Wikipedia were designed to be a reliable mechanism for websites to remember Header fields Wikimedia Shop stateful information (such as items in a shopping cart) or to record the Cookie · ETag · Location · HTTP referer · DNT user's browsing activity (including clicking particular buttons, logging in, · X-Forwarded-For · Interaction or recording which pages were visited by the user as far back as months Status codes or years ago). 301 Moved Permanently · 302 Found · Help 303 See Other · 403 Forbidden · About Wikipedia Although cookies cannot carry viruses, and cannot install malware on 404 Not Found · [2] Community portal the host computer, tracking cookies and especially third-party v · t · e · Recent changes tracking cookies are commonly used as ways to compile long-term Contact page records of individuals' browsing histories—a potential privacy concern that prompted European[3] and U.S. -
Copyrighted Material
05_096970 ch01.qxp 4/20/07 11:27 PM Page 3 1 Introducing Cascading Style Sheets Cascading style sheets is a language intended to simplify website design and development. Put simply, CSS handles the look and feel of a web page. With CSS, you can control the color of text, the style of fonts, the spacing between paragraphs, how columns are sized and laid out, what back- ground images or colors are used, as well as a variety of other visual effects. CSS was created in language that is easy to learn and understand, but it provides powerful control over the presentation of a document. Most commonly, CSS is combined with the markup languages HTML or XHTML. These markup languages contain the actual text you see in a web page — the hyperlinks, paragraphs, headings, lists, and tables — and are the glue of a web docu- ment. They contain the web page’s data, as well as the CSS document that contains information about what the web page should look like, and JavaScript, which is another language that pro- vides dynamic and interactive functionality. HTML and XHTML are very similar languages. In fact, for the majority of documents today, they are pretty much identical, although XHTML has some strict requirements about the type of syntax used. I discuss the differences between these two languages in detail in Chapter 2, and I also pro- vide a few simple examples of what each language looks like and how CSS comes together with the language to create a web page. In this chapter, however, I discuss the following: ❑ The W3C, an organization that plans and makes recommendations for how the web should functionCOPYRIGHTED and evolve MATERIAL ❑ How Internet documents work, where they come from, and how the browser displays them ❑ An abridged history of the Internet ❑ Why CSS was a desperately needed solution ❑ The advantages of using CSS 05_096970 ch01.qxp 4/20/07 11:27 PM Page 4 Part I: The Basics The next section takes a look at the independent organization that makes recommendations about how CSS, as well as a variety of other web-specific languages, should be used and implemented. -
Peer Participation and Software
Peer Participation and Software This report was made possible by the grants from the John D. and Cath- erine T. MacArthur Foundation in connection with its grant-making initiative on Digital Media and Learning. For more information on the initiative visit www.macfound.org. The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Reports on Digital Media and Learning Peer Participation and Software: What Mozilla Has to Teach Government by David R. Booth The Future of Learning Institutions in a Digital Age by Cathy N. Davidson and David Theo Goldberg with the assistance of Zoë Marie Jones The Future of Thinking: Learning Institutions in a Digital Age by Cathy N. Davidson and David Theo Goldberg with the assistance of Zoë Marie Jones New Digital Media and Learning as an Emerging Area and “Worked Examples” as One Way Forward by James Paul Gee Living and Learning with New Media: Summary of Findings from the Digital Youth Project by Mizuko Ito, Heather Horst, Matteo Bittanti, danah boyd, Becky Herr-Stephenson, Patricia G. Lange, C. J. Pascoe, and Laura Robinson with Sonja Baumer, Rachel Cody, Dilan Mahendran, Katynka Z. Martínez, Dan Perkel, Christo Sims, and Lisa Tripp Young People, Ethics, and the New Digital Media: A Synthesis from the GoodPlay Project by Carrie James with Katie Davis, Andrea Flores, John M. Francis, Lindsay Pettingill, Margaret Rundle, and Howard Gardner Confronting the Challenges of Participatory Culture: Media Education for the 21st Century by Henry Jenkins (P.I.) with Ravi Purushotma, Margaret Weigel, Katie Clinton, and Alice J. Robison The Civic Potential of Video Games by Joseph Kahne, Ellen Middaugh, and Chris Evans Peer Production and Software What Mozilla Has to Teach Government David R. -
Discontinued Browsers List
Discontinued Browsers List Look back into history at the fallen windows of yesteryear. Welcome to the dead pool. We include both officially discontinued, as well as those that have not updated. If you are interested in browsers that still work, try our big browser list. All links open in new windows. 1. Abaco (discontinued) http://lab-fgb.com/abaco 2. Acoo (last updated 2009) http://www.acoobrowser.com 3. Amaya (discontinued 2013) https://www.w3.org/Amaya 4. AOL Explorer (discontinued 2006) https://www.aol.com 5. AMosaic (discontinued in 2006) No website 6. Arachne (last updated 2013) http://www.glennmcc.org 7. Arena (discontinued in 1998) https://www.w3.org/Arena 8. Ariadna (discontinued in 1998) http://www.ariadna.ru 9. Arora (discontinued in 2011) https://github.com/Arora/arora 10. AWeb (last updated 2001) http://www.amitrix.com/aweb.html 11. Baidu (discontinued 2019) https://liulanqi.baidu.com 12. Beamrise (last updated 2014) http://www.sien.com 13. Beonex Communicator (discontinued in 2004) https://www.beonex.com 14. BlackHawk (last updated 2015) http://www.netgate.sk/blackhawk 15. Bolt (discontinued 2011) No website 16. Browse3d (last updated 2005) http://www.browse3d.com 17. Browzar (last updated 2013) http://www.browzar.com 18. Camino (discontinued in 2013) http://caminobrowser.org 19. Classilla (last updated 2014) https://www.floodgap.com/software/classilla 20. CometBird (discontinued 2015) http://www.cometbird.com 21. Conkeror (last updated 2016) http://conkeror.org 22. Crazy Browser (last updated 2013) No website 23. Deepnet Explorer (discontinued in 2006) http://www.deepnetexplorer.com 24. Enigma (last updated 2012) No website 25. -
Web Browser Set-Up Guide for New BARC
Web Browser Set-up Guide for new BARC The new BARC system is web-based and is designed to work best with Netscape 4.79. Use the chart below to determine the appropriate set-up for your web browser to use new BARC. What type of computer do you use? What you will need to do in order to use the new BARC system… I am a Thin Client user. You do not need to do anything. The version of Netscape available to Thin Client users (version 4.75) will work with the new BARC system. I use a PC and the following statement about the Netscape web browser applies to my workstation…. I don’t have Netscape. Proceed to Section 2 of this document for instructions on how you can download and install Netscape 4.79. I only have Netscape 6.x or Netscape 7.x. Proceed to Section 2 of this document for instructions on how you can download and install Netscape 4.79. I currently have Netscape 4.79. You do not need to do anything. The new BARC system was designed to work best with the version of Netscape you have. I currently have Netscape 4.75 or Netscape 4.76. You do not need to do anything. Even though the new BARC system is designed to work best in Netscape 4.79, the application will work fine with Netscape 4.75 and Netscape 4.76. I have a version of Netscape 4, but it is not Proceed to Section 1 of this document Netscape 4.75, Netscape 4.76 or Netscape 4.79 and to uninstall the current version of I have an alternative web browser (such as Microsoft Netscape you have and then continue Internet Explorer, Netscape 6.x or Netscape 7.x) on to Section 2 to download and on my workstation. -
Tutorial URL Manager Pro Tutorial
Tutorial URL Manager Pro Tutorial Version 3.3 Summer 2004 WWW http://www.url-manager.com Email mailto:[email protected] Copyright © 2004 Alco Blom All Rights Reserved - 1 - Tutorial Installation Requirements URL Manager Pro 3.3 requires Mac OS X 10.2 or higher. On Mac OS X 10.1 you can use URL Manager Pro 3.1.1. URL Manager Pro 2.8 is still available for Mac OS 8 users. The bundle size of URL Manager Pro 3.3 is around 8 MB, including this user manual and localizations for English, Japanese, German, French, Spanish and Italian, which are all included in the default package. Installing Installation is very easy, just move URL Manager Pro into the Applications folder. To start using URL Manager Pro, simply double-click the application icon. Optional: You may want to install the Add Bookmark Contextual Menu Item plug-in. The Add Bookmark plug-in can be installed using the URLs tab of the Preferences Window of URL Manager Pro. The plug-in will then be copied to: ~/Library/Contextual Menu Items/ Where ~ is the customary Unix shorthand to indicate the user's home directory. For more information, go to the Add Bookmark Web page or the Contextual Menu Item section in the Special Features chapter. The Bookmark Menu Extra While URL Manager Pro is running, it automatically adds the Bookmark Menu Extra to the menu bar. With the Bookmark Menu Extra you have access to your bookmarks from within any application, including your web browser. The Bookmark Menu Extra is located in the right part of your menu bar (see below). -
Web Browsers
WEB BROWSERS Page 1 INTRODUCTION • A Web browser acts as an interface between the user and Web server • Software application that resides on a computer and is used to locate and display Web pages. • Web user access information from web servers, through a client program called browser. • A web browser is a software application for retrieving, presenting, and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web Page 2 FEATURES • All major web browsers allow the user to open multiple information resources at the same time, either in different browser windows or in different tabs of the same window • A refresh and stop buttons for refreshing and stopping the loading of current documents • Home button that gets you to your home page • Major browsers also include pop-up blockers to prevent unwanted windows from "popping up" without the user's consent Page 3 COMPONENTS OF WEB BROWSER 1. User Interface • this includes the address bar, back/forward button , bookmarking menu etc 1. Rendering Engine • Rendering, that is display of the requested contents on the browser screen. • By default the rendering engine can display HTML and XML documents and images Page 4 HISTROY • The history of the Web browser dates back in to the late 1980s, when a variety of technologies laid the foundation for the first Web browser, WorldWideWeb, by Tim Berners-Lee in 1991. • Microsoft responded with its browser Internet Explorer in 1995 initiating the industry's first browser war • Opera first appeared in 1996; although it have only 2% browser usage share as of April 2010, it has a substantial share of the fast-growing mobile phone Web browser market, being preinstalled on over 40 million phones.