MC1377 Color Television RGB to PAL/NTSC Encoder COLOR TELEVISION the MC1377 Will Generate a Composite Video from Baseband Red, Green, Blue, and Sync Inputs

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MC1377 Color Television RGB to PAL/NTSC Encoder COLOR TELEVISION The MC1377 will generate a composite video from baseband red, green, blue, and sync inputs. On board features include: a color subcarrier RGB to PAL/NTSC ENCODER oscillator; voltage controlled 90° phase shifter; two double sideband suppressed carrier (DSBSC) chroma modulators; and RGB input matrices SEMICONDUCTOR with blanking level clamps. Such features permit system design with few TECHNICAL DATA external components and accordingly, system performance comparable to studio equipment with external components common in receiver systems. • Self–contained or Externally Driven Reference Oscillator • Chroma Axes, Nominally 90° (±5°), are Optionally Trimable P SUFFIX • PAL/NTSC Compatible PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 738 • Internal 8.2 V Regulator 20 1

DW SUFFIX 20 PLASTIC PACKAGE 1 CASE 751D (SO–20L)

ORDERING INFORMATION Operating Device Temperature Range Package MC1377DW SO–20L TA = 0° to +70°C MC1377P Plastic DIP

Figure 1. Representative Block Diagram Quad Decoup VCC VB 19 14 16

18 Oscout Voltage Oscillator PAL 13 Controlled 8.2V Chroma Buffer Switch Chroma Out 17 90° Regulator ° Amp Oscin 0/180

90° 0° 10 H/2 Chroma In R–Y B–Y 20 Burst PAL/NTSC B–Y 11 NTSC/PAL Pulse Clamp B–Y Clamp Select Control Driver

R–Y 12 R–Y B–Y Clamp R–Y Clamp Latching Dual Color Difference and –Y Ramp Comparator Gnd Generator Luminance Matrix 9 Composite 15 Output Amp/ Video Output Clamp Video Clamp 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 Trise Composite RGB –Yout –Yin Sync Input Inputs

 Motorola, Inc. 1995

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA 1 MC1377

MAXIMUM OPERATING CONDITIONS Rating Symbol Value Unit

Supply Voltage VCC 15 Vdc Storage Temperature Tstg –65 to +150 °C Power Dissipation Package PD 1.25 W Derate above 25°C 10 mW/°C

Operating Temperature TA 0 to +70 °C

RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS Characteristics Min Typ Max Unit Supply Voltage 10 12 14 Vdc

IB Current (Pin 16) 0 – –10 mA Sync, Blanking Level (DC level between pulses, see Figure 9e) 1.7 – 8.2 Vdc Sync Tip Level (see Figure 9e) –0.5 0 0.9 Sync Pulse Width (see Figure 9e) 2.5 – 5.2 µs

R, G, B Input (Amplitude) – 1.0 – Vpp R, G, B Peak Levels for DC Coupled Inputs, with Respect to Ground 2.2 – 4.4 V Chrominance Bandwidth (Non–comb Filtered Applications), (6 dB) 0.5 1.5 2.0 MHz

Ext. Subscarrier Input (to Pin 17) if On–Chip Oscillator is not used. 0.5 0.7 1.0 Vpp

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = 12 Vdc, TA = 25°C, circuit of Figure 7, unless otherwise noted.) Characteristics Pins Symbol Min Typ Max Unit SUPPLY CURRENT Supply Current into VCC, No Load, on Pin 9. VCC = 10 V 14 ICC – 33 – mA Circuit Figure 7 VCC = 11 V – 34 – VCC = 12 V 20 35 40 VCC = 13 V – 36 – VCC = 14 V – 37 – VOLTAGE REGULATOR VB Voltage (IB = –10 mA, VCC = 12 V, Figure 7) 16 VB 7.7 8.2 8.7 Vdc Load Regulation (0 < IB ≤ 10 mA, VCC = 12 V) Regload –20 120 +30 mV Line Regulation (IB = 0 mA, 10 V < VCC < 14 V) ≤ Regline – 4.5 – mV/V OSCILLATOR AND MODULATION Oscillator Amplitude with 3.58 MHz/4.43 MHz crystal 17 Osc – 0.6 – Vpp Subcarrier Input: Resistance at 3.58 MHz 17 Rosc – 5.0 – kΩ Subcarrier Input: Resistance at 4.43 MHz – 4.0 –

Capacitance Cosc – 2.0 – pF Modulation Angle (R–Y) to (B–Y) – ∅m – ±5 – Deg Angle Adjustment (R–Y) 19 ∆∅m – 0.25 – Deg/µA DC Bias Voltage 19 V19 – 6.4 – Vdc CHROMINANCE AND LUMINANCE Chroma Input DC Level 10 Vin – 4.0 – Vdc Chroma Input Level for 100% Saturation – 0.7 – Vpp

Chroma Input: Resistance Rin – 10 – kΩ Chroma Input: Capacitance Cin – 2.0 – pF

Chroma DC Output Level 13 Vout 8.9 10 10.9 Vdc Chroma Output Level at 100% Saturation – 1.0 – Vpp

Chroma Output Resistance Rout – 50 – Ω Luminance Bandwidth (–3.0 dB), Less Delay Line 9 BWLuma – 8.0 – MHz

2 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA MC1377

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = 12 Vdc, TA = 25°C, circuit of Figure 7, unless otherwise noted.) Characteristics Pins Symbol Min Typ Max Unit VIDEO INPUT R, G, B Input DC Levels 3, 4, 5 RGB 2.8 3.3 3.8 Vdc

R, G, B Input for 100% Color Saturation – 1.0 – Vpp R, G, B Input: Resistance RRGB 8.0 10 17 kΩ R, G, B Input: Capacitance CRGB – 2.0 – pF Sync Input Resistance (1.7 V < Input < 8.2) 2 Sync – 10 – kΩ

COMPOSITE VIDEO OUTPUT Sync 9 CVout – 0.6 – Vpp Composite Output, Luminance – 1.4 – 100% Saturation Chroma – 1.7 – (see Figure 8d) Burst – 0.6 –

Output Impedance (Note 1) Rvideo – 50 – Ω Subcarrier Leakage in Output (Note 2) Vlk – 20 – mVpp NOTES: 1. Output Impedance can be reduced to less than 10 Ω by using a 150 Ω output load from Pin 9 to ground. Power supply current will increase to about 60 mA. 2. Subcarrier leakage can be reduced to less than 10 mV with optional circuitry (see Figure 12).

PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS Symbol Pin Description

tr 1 External components at this pin set the rise time of the internal ramp function generator (see Figure 10). Sync 2 Composite sync input. Presents 10 kΩ resistance to input.

R 3 Red signal input. Presents 10 kΩ impedance to input. 1.0 Vpp required for 100% saturation. G 4 Green signal input. Presents 10 kΩ impedance to input. 1.0 Vpp required for 100% saturation. B 5 Blue signal Input. Presents 10 kΩ impedance to input. 1.0 Vpp required for 100% saturation. –Yout 6 Luma (–Y) output. Allows external setting of luma delay time. Vclamp 7 Video Clamp pin. Typical connection is a 0.01 µF capacitor to ground. –Yin 8 Luma (–Y) input. Presents 10 kΩ input impedance. CVout 9 Composite Video output. 50 Ω output impedance. ChromaIn 10 Chroma input. Presents 10 kΩ input impedance. B–Yclamp 11 B–Y clamp. Clamps B–Y during blanking with a 0.1 µF capacitor to ground. Also used with R–Y clamp to null residual color subcarrier in output.

R–Yclamp 12 R–Y clamp. Clamps R–Y during blanking with a 0.1 µF capacitor to ground. Also used with B–Y clamp to null residual color subcarrier in output.

ChromaOut 13 Chroma output. 50 Ω output impedance. VCC 14 Power supply pin for the IC; +12, ± 2.0 V, required at 35 mA (typical). Gnd 15 Ground pin.

VB 16 8.2 V reference from an internal regulator capable of delivering 10 mA to external circuitry. Oscin 17 Oscillator input. A transistor base presents 5.0 kΩ to an external subcarrier input, or is available for constructing a Colpitts oscillator (see Figure 4).

Oscout 18 Oscillator output. The emitter of the transistor, with base access at Pin 17, is accessible for completing the Colpitts oscillator. See Figure 4.

∅m 19 Quad decoupler. With external circuitry, R–Y to B–Y relative angle errors can be corrected. Typically, requires a 0.01 µF capacitor to ground.

NTSC/PAL 20 NTSC/PAL switch. When grounded, the MC1377 is in the NTSC mode; if unconnected, in the PAL mode. Select

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA 3 MC1377

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

Figure 2. Power Supply and VB Power Supply and VB (8.2 V Regulator) The MC1377 pin for power supply connection is Pin 14. 0.1 VCC = +12V From the supply voltage applied to this pin, the IC biases internal output stages and is used to power the 8.2 V internal 16 14 regulator (VB at Pin 16) which biases the majority of internal circuitry. The regulator will provide a nominal 8.2 V and is capable of 10 mA before degradation of performance. An 100 8.2V equivalent circuit of the supply and regulator is shown in Regulator Figure 2.

R, G, B Inputs 9 The RGB inputs are internally biased to 3.3 V and provide 32mA 10 kΩ of input impedance. Figure 3 shows representative input circuitry at Pins 3, 4, and 5. 15 The input coupling capacitors of 15 µF are used to prevent tilt during the 50/60 Hz vertical period. However, if it is desired to avoid the use of the capacitors, then inputs to Pins 3, 4, Figure 3. RGB Input Circuitry and 5 can be dc coupled provided that the signal levels are R–Y B–Y –Y always between 2.2 V and 4.4 V. After input, the separate RGB information is introduced to the matrix circuitry which outputs the R–Y, B–Y, and –Y signals. The –Y information is routed out at Pin 6 to an RGB Matrix external delay line (typically 400 ns).

DSBSC Modulators and 3.58 MHz Oscillator The R–Y and B–Y outputs (see (B–Y)/(R–Y) Axes versus 27k 27k 27k I/Q Axes, Figure 22) from the matrix circuitry are amplitude modulated onto the 3.58/4.43 MHz subcarrier. These signals are added and color burst is included to produce composite 18k 18k 18k chroma available at Pin 13. These functions plus others, depending on whether NTSC or PAL operation is chosen, are performed in the chroma section. Figure 4 shows a block diagram of the chroma section. 3 4 5 6 The MC1377 has two double balanced mixers, and 15µF 15µF 15µF regardless of which mode is chosen (NTSC or PAL), the –Y R G B mixers always perform the same operation. The B–Y mixer modulates the color subcarrier directly, the R–Y mixer ° Figure 4. Chroma Section receives a 90 phase shifted color subcarrier before being modulated by the R–Y baseband information. Additional Quad Chroma Oscillator operations are then performed on these two signals to make Out Decoup them NTSC or PAL compatible. 13 17 18 19 In the NTSC mode, the NTSC/PAL control circuitry allows an inverted burst of 3.58 MHz to be added only to the B–Y Amp/ signal. A gating pulse or “burst flag” from the timing section Buffer permits color burst to be added to the B–Y signal. This color ° ° ∆ Θ burst is 180 from the B–Y signal and 90 away from the R–Y PAL NTSC signal (see Figure 22) and permits decoding of the color Switch information. These signals are then added and amplified 0/180° before being output, at Pin 13, to be bandpassed and then PAL +90° reintroduced to the IC at Pin 10. In the PAL mode, NTSC/PAL control circuitry allows an PAL/NTSC B–Y R–Y inverted 4.43 MHz burst to be added to both R–Y and B–Y Control equally to produce the characteristic PAL 225°/135 burst Burst phase. Also, the R–Y information is switched alternately from Flag 180° to 0° of its original position and added to the B–Y PAL NTSC information to be amplified and output. B–Y R–Y

4 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA MC1377

Timing Circuitry Figure 5. Timing Circuitry The composite sync input at Pin 2 performs three H/2 important functions: it provides the timing (but not the PAL/NTSC Burst amplitude) for the sync in the final output; it drives the black PAL/ Pulse 20 Control level clamps in the modulators and output amplifier; and it NTSC Driver Line Drive triggers the ramp generator at Pin 1, which produces burst Sync envelope and PAL switching. A representative block diagram 2 Burst Flag Input 10k VB Latching of the timing circuitry is shown in Figure 5. Dual Ramp In order to produce a color burst, a burst envelope must be Comparator generated which “gates” a color subcarrier into the R–Y and R Generator B–Y modulators. This is done with the ramp generator at Pin 1. C 1 The ramp generator at Pin 1 is an R–C type in which the pin is held low until the arrival of the leading edge of sync. The rising ramp function, with time constant R–C, passes through two level sensors – the first one starts the gating pulse and Figure 6. R–Y, B–Y and Output Amplifier Clamps the second stops it (see Figure 10). Since the “early” part of the exponential is used, the timing provided is relatively Chroma accurate from chip–to–chip and assembly–to–assembly. Fixed components are usually adequate. The ramp 10 continues to rise for more than half of the line interval, thereby B–Y 11 inhibiting burst generation on “half interval” pulses on vertical B–Y Clamp front and back porches. The ramp method will produce burst 0.1 on the vertical front and back “porches” at full line intervals. R–Y 12 R–Y, B–Y Clamps and Output Clamp/Amplifier R–Y The sync signal, shown in the block diagram of Figure 6, Clamp 0.1 drives the R–Y and B–Y clamps which clamp the R–Y and B–Y signals to reference black during the blanking periods. 9 Composite The output amplifier/clamp provides this same function plus Sync Output Video combines and amplifies the chroma and luma components Amp/Clamp 7 for composite video output. 0.01 Application Circuit 8 –Y Figure 7 illustrates the block diagram of the MC1377 and the external circuitry required for typical operation.

Figure 7. Block Diagram and Application Circuit 3.58/ VCC 4.43* 0.01 VB MHz 19 14 16 0.1 TOKO 166NNF –10264AG

17 Voltage PAL 13 8.2V 220 Osc/ Controlled Switch Chroma 220 Buffer Regulator 90° 0/180° Amp 100/ 18 62* 220 0.1 10 H/2 90° 0° 1000 47/33* 20 PAL/NTS Burst R–Y B–Y 11 B–Y 3.3k 5.0 to C Pulse Clamp 25pF Control Driver 0.1 NTSC/ B–Y PAL Select R–Y R–Y 12 Clamp 0.1 15 Latching Dual Color Difference and 9 Ramp Comparator Luminance Matrix Output Amp/ Gen Clamp Composite 7 0.01 Video Output –Y –Y 1 2 3 +4 + 5 + 6 8 VB 56k µ µ µ 1.0k 0.001 15 F 15 F 15 F 1.0k mica Composite RGB 400ns Sync Y Delay * Refers to the choice NTSC/PAL Input * (3.58 MHz/4.43 MHz). R, G, B Inputs

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA 5 MC1377

Quad Osc In17 18 Osc Out 19 Decoup 14

+12V R4 R8 R9 R7 T4 T5 T15 T17 2.0k 220 220 4.0k R161 T6 R18 R20 R5 T14 15k 220 220 T16 470 + C2 18pF

R10 T11 T12 T28 T23 5.0k R27 5.0k T7 T8 220 R30 + C1 R15 R6 1.5k T24 T25 T26 T27 5pF 5.1k R6A 5.1k R162 R21 T2 T3 220 R16 R17 220 T10 16 1.0k 1.0k T13 R23 R24 +8.2V Z1 T9 T19 T20 1.5k 1.5k 15 R2 1.2k T18 T1 T22 R2A R3 R13 R11 R12 R14 R22 R9 22k 10k Gnd 1.0k 6.8k 22k 22k 10k 22k 270 22k R28 R29 560 560 R25 R26 PAL/NTSC 20 R80A 4.0k

R77 15k R71 R83 R79 R86 R87 22k R80 B 10k 1.0k 10k 13.8k T77 6.0k T75 T76 T68 T73 T74 R90 R88 T69 Z2 22k R76 R78 30.4k 15k R81 R82 15k R95 22k 22k 18k 22k T82 T81 T79 T72 T78 T79 10k T80 2 R91 R69 R70 R72 R73 R74 R75 R85 10k R92 R93 R94 Comp Sync T71 10k 22k 22k 10k 10k 10k 2.2k 2.2k 2.2k

R118 R100 R105 R111 10k 22k 7.5k 4.7k T91A T105 T107 T97 T91B R110 T206 R102 T96 1.0k T95 R96 R97 1.0k R106

22k 22k 22k 9.1k R109 R112 R113 36k 27k R101 R107 R117 R120 R127 10k 820 10k 27k 27k T98 T99 T100 T101 R121 27k R98 T108 T110 T90 22k T109 T111 T92 T93 T94

T103 R115 R99 R160 R104 R104 R108 R164 T102 T104 R116 R119 R122 R123 R126 R129 TRISE 18k 1 10k 22k 2.0k 15k 2.7k 4.7k 3.9k 5.3k 18k 3.9k 2.7k 18k R–IN 3 G–IN 4 B–IN 5

6 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA MC1377

Figure 8. Internal Schematic

Chroma Out 13

R31 R35 R36 R66 R67 R51 5.1k 1.0k 1.0k 2.4k 220 12k T30

R31 T5 5.1k 4

R68 T28 T31 T32 T33 T34 3.0k T23 R27 5.0k 220 R30

R21 R37 R55 220 220 220

R54 220 T35 T36 T37 T38 T50 T51 T52 T53

22k 10k 22k R53 27k T42 T49 T57 R28 R29 R33 R46 500 R56 R34 T40 T41 T55 T56 1.0k 1.0k R48 R64

PAL F/F PAL R39 R47 500 R57 500 500 1.0k 1.0k T39 R40 R41 R50 R61 R62 R65 PAL F/F PAL 2.0k 2.0K 220 2.0k 2.0k 220 Burst Flag R–Y T43 T44 B–Y T60 T61 B–Y Clamp 11 Burst Flag T62 T63

T64 T65 T45 T46

R47 R60 4.7k 4.7k T59 T58 T47

T48 T66 R38 R43 R44 R45 R49 R52 R58 R63 R58 10k 10k 22k 300 10k 10k R43A 300 10k 300 10k R44A 22k

R–Y Clamp 12

Chroma In 10

R132 R135 R154 1.85k R124 R136 R157 R147 12.5 k 220 4.7k 22k 27k 100 T114 T127 T128 R153 Composite Video Out T125 9 220 R137 T120 T122 T115 T116 T118 R156 T121 R158 1.5k 220 R133 R134 Video Clamp 10k 220 220 7 R145 R139 T123 T124 R127 R159 3.3k 40k R151 27k 10k 9.1k R128 R149 220 T110 T119 10k T1 T112 T117 R143 T113 22k T126

R123 R126 R129 R130 R131 R125 R163 470 470 4.7k 22k 20k 10k 15k 15k R150 3.9k 2.7k 18k 3.9k 14k 12.5k 10k R140 R141 R138 R155 R144 R142 R148 R152 4.7k

–Y In 8

–Y Out 6

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA 7 MC1377

APPLICATION INFORMATION Figure 8. Signal Voltages R, G, B Input Levels (Circuit Values of Figure 7) The signal levels into Pins 3, 4, 5 should be 1.0 Vpp for fully saturated, standard composite video output levels as shown (a) 4.4V in Figure 9(d). The inputs require 1.0 V since the internally 100% pp Limits generated sync pulse and color burst are at fixed and for DC Green Input predetermined amplitudes. 1.0Vpp Coupled Inputs (Pin 4) Further, it is essential that the portion of each input which occurs during the sync interval represent black for that input 2.2V since that level will be clamped to reference black in the color (b) 100% modulators and output stage. This implies that a refinement, Red such as a difference between black and blanking levels, must 1.0Vpp Input be incorporated in the RGB input signals. (Pin 3) If Y, R–Y, B–Y and burst flag components are available and the MC1377 is operating in NTSC, inputs may be as follows: the Y component can be coupled through a 15 pF capacitor (c) 100% to Pins 3, 4 and 5 tied together; the (–[R–Y]) component can Blue be coupled to Pin 12 through a 0.1 µF capacitor, and the 1.0V pp Input (–[B–Y]) and burst flag components can be coupled to Pin 11 (Pin 5) in a similar manner. Sync Input

(d) 5.0 As shown in Figure 9(e), the sync input amplitude can be varied over a wide latitude, but will require bias pull–up from Composite most sync sources. The important requirements are: 4.0 Output (Pin 9) 1)The voltage level between sync pulses must be between 1.7 V and 8.2 V, see Figure 9(e). 3.0 2)The voltage level for the sync tips must be between +0.9 V and – 0.5 V, to prevent substrate leakage in the IC, 8.2 Max see Figure 9(e). (e) 1.7 Min Sync 3)The width of the sync pulse should be no longer than Input 5.2 µs and no shorter than 2.5 µs. (Pin 2) 0.9 Max For PAL operation, correctly serrated vertical sync is 0 necessary to properly trigger the PAL divider. In NTSC mode, –0.5 Min simplified “block” vertical sync can be used but the loss of proper horizontal timing may cause “top hook” or “flag (f) 10.5 waving” in some monitors. An interesting note is that composite video can be used directly as a sync signal, Chroma provided that it meets the sync input criteria. Output 10.0 (Pin 13) Latching Ramp (Burst Flag) Generator The recommended application is to connect a close 9.5 tolerance (5%) 0.001 µF capacitor from Pin 1 to ground and a resistor of 51 kΩ or 56 kΩ from Pin 1 to VB (Pin 16). This will (g) 4.35 produce a burst pulse of 2.5 µs to 3.5 µs in duration, as Chroma shown in Figure 10. As the ramp on Pin 1 rises toward the 4.0 Input (Pin 10) charging voltage of 8.2 V, it passes first through a burst “start threshold” at 1.0 V, then a “stop threshold” at 1.3 V, and finally 3.65 a ramp reset threshold at 5.0 V. If the resistor is reduced to 43 kΩ, the ramp will rise more quickly, producing a narrower (h) 5.2 Luminance and earlier burst pulse (starting approx. 0.4 µs after sync and Output about 0.6 µs wide). The burst will be wider and later if the (Pin 6) resistor is raised to 62 kΩ, but more importantly, the 5.0 V 4.3 reset point may not be reached in one full line interval, resulting in loss of alternate burst pulses. (i) 2.6 Luminance As mentioned earlier, the ramp method does produce Input burst at full line intervals on the “vertical porches.” If this is not (Pin 8) desired, and the MC1377 is operating in the NTSC mode, 2.1 burst flag may be applied to Pin 1 provided that the tip of the pulse is between 1.0 Vdc and 1.3 Vdc. In PAL mode this method is not suitable, since the ramp isn’t available to drive the PAL flip–flop. Another means of inhibiting the burst pulse is to set Pin 1 either above 1.3 Vdc or below 1.0 Vdc for the duration that burst is not desired.

8 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA MC1377

Color Reference Oscillator/Buffer extra coupling capacitor of 50 pF from the external source to As stated earlier in the general description, there is an Pin 17 was adequate with the experimentation attempted. on–board common collector Colpitts color reference Voltage Controlled 90° oscillator with the transistor base at Pin 17 and the emitter at The oscillator drives the (B–Y) modulator and a voltage Pin 18. When used with a common low–cost TV crystal and controlled phase shifter which produces an oscillator phase capacitive divider, about 0.6 V will be developed at Pin 17. pp ° ± ° The frequency adjustment can be done with a series 30 pF of 90 5 at the (R–Y) modulator. In most situations, the ° trimmer capacitor over a total range of about 1.0 kHz. result of an error of 5 is very subtle to all but the most expert Oscillator frequency should be adjusted for each unit, eye. However, if it is necessary to adjust the angle to better keeping in mind that most monitors and receivers can pull in accuracy, the circuit shown in Figure 11 can be used. 1200 Hz. Pulling Pin 19 up will increase the (R–Y) to (B–Y) angle by If an external color reference is to be used exclusively, it about 0.25°/µA. Pulling Pin 19 down reduces the angle by the must be continuous. The components on Pins 17 and 18 can same sensitivity. The nominal Pin 19 voltage is about 6.3 V, be removed, and the external source capacitively coupled so even though it is unregulated, the 12 V supply is best for into Pin 17. The input at Pin 17 should be a sine wave with good control. For effective adjustment, the simplest approach amplitude between 0.5 Vpp and 1.0 Vpp. is to apply RGB color bar inputs and use a vectorscope. A Also, it is possible to do both; i.e., let the oscillator “free run” simple bar generator giving R, G, and B outputs is shown in on its own crystal and override with an external source. An Figure 26.

Figure 9. Ramp/Burst Gate Generator

5.0 oltage (Vdc)

Pin 1 Ramp V Burst Stop 1.3 1.0 Burst Start 0

Sync (Pin 2)

µ 0 5.5 8.5 Time ( s) 50 63.5

Residual Feedthrough Components As shown in Figure 9(d), the composite output at Pin 9 for perfect balance. Standard devices are tested to be within for fully saturated color bars is about 2.6 Vpp, output with full 5% of balance at full saturation. Black balance should be chroma on the largest bars (cyan and red) being 1.7 Vpp. adjusted first, because it affects all levels of gray scale The typical device, due to imperfections in gain, matrixing, equally. There is also usually some residual baseband video and modulator balance, will exhibit about 20 mVpp residual at the chroma output (Pin 13), which is most easily observed color subcarrier in both white and black. Both residuals can by disabling the color oscillator. Typical devices show 0.4 Vpp be reduced to less than 10 mVpp for the more exacting of residual luminance for saturated color bar inputs. This is applications. not a major problem since Pin 13 is always coupled to Pin 10 The subcarrier feedthrough in black is due primarily to through a bandpass or a high pass filter, but it serves as a imbalance in the modulators and can be nulled by sinking or warning to pay proper attention to the coupling network. sourcing small currents into clamp Pins 11 and 12 as shown Figure 10. Adjusting Modulator Angle in Figure 12. The nominal voltage on these pins is about 12Vdc 4.0 Vdc, so the 8.2 V regulator is capable of supplying a pull up source. Pulling Pin 11 down is in the 0° direction, pulling it 19 220k up is towards 180°. Pulling Pin 12 down is in the 90° direction, 10k ° pulling it up is towards 270 . Any direction of correction may 0.01µF be required from part to part. White carrier imbalance at the output can only be corrected by juggling the relative levels of R, G, and B inputs

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA 9 MC1377

Figure 11. Nulling Residual Color in Black Figure 14(a) shows the output of the MC1377 with low resolution RGB inputs. If no bandwidth reduction is employed V B then a monitor or receiver with frequency response shown in Figure 14(b), which is fairly typical of non–comb filtered 12 470k monitors and receivers, will detect an incorrect luma 10k sideband at X′. This will result in cross–talk in the form of chroma information in the luma channel. To avoid this situation, a simpler bandpass circuit as shown in Figure 11 10k 15(a), can be used. 470k Figure 13. MC1377 Output with Low Resolution RGB Inputs VB XXXX Figure 12. Delay of Chroma Information Gain

Luminance 1.0 2.0 3.0 3.58 4.0 5.0 (a) Encoder Output with Low Resolution Inputs Chroma and No Bandpass Transformer

′ The Chroma Coupling Circuits X X With the exception of S–VHS equipped monitors and receivers, it is generally true that most monitors and receivers Gain have color IF 6.0 dB bandwidths limited to approximately ±0.5 MHz. It is therefore recommended that the encoder 1.0 2.0 3.0 3.58 4.0 5.0 circuit should also limit the chroma bandwidth to (b) Standard Receiver Response approximately ±0.5 MHz through insertion of a bandpass circuit between Pin 13 and Pin 10. However, if S–VHS A final option is shown in Figure 15(b). This circuit provides operation is desired, a coupling circuit which outputs the very little bandwidth reduction, but enough to remove the composite chroma directly for connection to a S–VHS chroma to luma feedthrough, with essentially no delay. There terminal is given in the S–VHS application (see Figure 19). is, however, about a 9 dB insertion loss from this network. ± For proper color level in the video output, a 0.5 MHz It will be left to the designer to decide which, if any, bandwidth and a midband insertion loss of 3.0 dB is desired. compromises are acceptable. Color bars viewed on a good The bandpass circuit shown in Figure 7, using the TOKO monitor can be used to judge acceptability of step fixed tuned transformer, couples Pin 10 to Pin 13 and gives luminance/chrominance alignment and step edge transients, this result. However, this circuit introduces about 350 ns of but signals containing the finest detail to be encountered in delay to the chroma information (see Figure 13). This must be the system must also be examined before settling on a accounted for in the luminance path. compromise. A 350 ns delay results in a visible displacement of the color and black and white information on the final display. The The Output Stage solution is to place a delay line in the luminance path from The output amplifier normally produces about 2.0 Vpp and Pins 6 to 8, to realign the two components. A normal TV is intended to be loaded with 150 Ω as shown in Figure 16. receiver delay line can be used. These delay lines are usually This provides about 1.0 Vpp into 75 Ω, an industry standard of 1.0 kΩ to 1.5 kΩ characteristic impedance, and the level (RS–343). In some cases, the input to the monitor may resistors at Pins 6 and 8 should be selected accordingly. A be through a large coupling capacitor. If so, it is necessary to very compact, lumped constant delay line is available from connect a 150 Ω resistor from Pin 9 to ground to provide a low TDK (see Figure 25 for specifications). Some types of delay impedance path to discharge the capacitor. The nominal lines have very low impedances (approx. 100 Ω) and should average voltage at Pin 9 is over 4.0 V. The 150 Ω dc load not be used, due to drive and power dissipation causes the current supply to rise another 30 mA (to requirements. approximately 60 mA total into Pin 14). Under this (normal) In the event of very low resolution RGB, the transformer condition the total device dissipation is about 600 mW. The and the delay line may be omitted from the circuit. Very low calculated worst case die temperature rise is 60°C, but the resolution for the MC1377 can be considered RGB typical device in a test socket is only slightly warm to the information of less than 1.5 MHz. However, in this situation, a touch at room temperature. The solid copper 20–pin lead bandwidth reduction scheme is still recommended due to the frame in a printed circuit board will be even more response of most receivers. effectively cooled.

10 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA MC1377

Figure 14. Optional Chroma Coupling Circuits with an effective source impedance of less than 1.0 Ω. This regulator is convenient for a tracking dc reference for dc 0.001 1.0k 0.001 coupling the output to an RF modulator. Typical turn–on drift for the regulator is approximately –30 mV over 1 to 2 minutes 13 10 in otherwise stable ambient conditions.

µ 22 H 39pF a) Insertion Loss: 3.0 dB Figure 15. Output Termination a) Bandwidth: ± 1.0 MHz a) Delay: ≈ 100 ns

Output 75Ω Cable 56pF 1.0k 0.001 9 10 75 13 4.7k 75 Monitor

4.7k 27pF MC1377 b) Insertion Loss: 9.0 dB b) Bandwidth: ± 2.0 MHz b) Delay: 0

Power Supplies SUMMARY The MC1377 is designed to operate from an unregulated The preceding information was intended to detail the 10 V to 14 Vdc power supply. Device current into Pin 14 with application and basis of circuit choices for the MC1377. A open output is typically 35 mA. To provide a stable reference complete MC1377 application with the MC1374 VHF for the ramp generator and the video output, a high quality modulator is illustrated in Figure 17. The internal schematic 8.2 V regulator can supply up to 10 mA for external uses, diagram of the MC1377 is provided in Figure 8.

Figure 16. Application with VHF Modulator

470 47k µ 470 470 0.12 H +12Vdc VCC PAL 56 NTSC 0.001 17 20 220 3.58MHz 8.2V 2.7k 2.2k 6 7 4 8 75 Ref µ µ 18 16 1 0.33 H 0.33 H 5–25 220 47 10 9 2 53k 0.1 6.8k 3 0.001 RF + Out 0.1 120 S 22 47 22 R 3 1 µ 15 + 10 H 0.001 MC1374 G 4 MC1377 mica 15 + 2 12 3.3k B 5 0.001 15 + 9 47 11 5.1k 10 0.001 Delay Line 8 14 13 0.1 13 75 5 10 + 220 1.0 100 1.2k 1.2k

14 6

Color Bandpass 11 12 19 15 7 Video Audio Transformer (Fig. 24) Out In 0.1 .01 .01 +12Vdc 0.1

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA 11 MC1377

APPLICATIONS INFORMATION S–VHS In full RGB systems (Figure 18), three information components of luminance and color can then be separated channels are provided from the signal source to the display to by the use of a comb filter in the monitor or receiver. This permit unimpaired image resolution. The detail reproduction technique has not been widely used in consumer products, of the system is limited only by the signal bandwidth and the due to cost, but it is rapidly becoming less expensive and capability of the color display device. Also, higher than more common. Another technique which is gaining popularity normal sweep rates may be employed to add more lines is S–VHS (Super VHS). within a vertical period and three separate projection picture In S–VHS, the chroma and luma information are contained tubes can be used to eliminate the “shadow mask” limitations on separate channels. This allows the bandwidth of both the of a conventional color CRT. chroma and luma channels to be as wide as the monitors Figure 21 shows the “baseband” components of a studio ability to reproduce the extra high frequency information. An NTSC signal. As in the previous example, energy is output coupling circuit for the composite chroma using the concentrated at multiples of the horizontal sweep frequency. TOKO transformer is shown in Figure 19. It is composed of The system is further refined by precisely locating the color the bandpass transformer and an output buffer and has the subcarrier midway between luminance spectral components. frequency performance shown in Figure 20. The composite This places all color spectra between luminance spectra and output (Pin 9) then produces the luma information as well as can be accomplished in the MC1377 only if “full interlaced” composite sync and blanking. external color reference and sync are applied. The individual

Figure 17. Spectra of a Full RGB System Figure 19. Frequency Response of Chroma Coupling Circuit

Red

Green

Blue

1.0 2.0 3.0 4–8 f, FREQUENCY (MHz)

–6 dB Figure 18. S–VHS Output Buffer

+12Vdc

1.0µF 16k 33 100/62pF* 1000pF 13 75 Composite f, MHz 220 Chroma ** 47/33pF* 3.3k 8.2k 6.8k Out 2.7 3.66 4.5 +12Vdc 0.1µF **Refers to different component values used for NTSC/PAL (3.58 MHz/4.43 MHz). **Toko 166NNF–1026AG

12 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA MC1377

I/Q System versus (R–Y)/(B–Y) System The NTSC standard calls for unequal bandwidths for I and Figure 23 shows the typical response of most monitors Q (Figure 21). The MC1377 has no means of processing the and receivers. This figure shows that some crosstalk unequal bandwidths because the I and Q axes are not used between luma and chroma information is always present. (Figure 22) and because the outputs of the (R–Y) and the The acceptability of the situation is enhanced by the limited (B–Y) modulators are added before being output at Pin 13. ability of the CRT to display information above 2.5 MHz. If the Therefore, any bandwidth reduction intended for the chroma signal from the MC1377 is to be used primarily to drive information must be performed on the composite chroma conventional non–comb filtered monitors or receivers, it information. This is generally not a problem, however, since would be best to reduce the bandwidth at the MC1377 to that most monitors compromise the standard quite a bit. of Figure 23 to lessen crosstalk.

Figure 20. NTSC Standard Spectral Content Figure 21. Color Vector Relationship (Showing Standard Colors)

Red (R–Y) ° Purple (104°) (90 ) I (61°) Sound Luminance Q Color Subcarrier Subcarrier

I ° (123°) Q (33 )

Yellow Video Amplitude Video (168°) (B–Y) 0° Color Burst 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 (180°) f, FREQUENCY (MHz) Blue (348°)

Green Cyan (241°) (284°)

Figure 22. Frequency Response of Typical Monitor/TV

Chroma Channel Gain Luminance Channel

1.0 2.0 3.0 3.58 4.0 f, FREQUENCY (MHz)

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA 13 MC1377

Figure 23. A Prototype Chroma Bandpass Transformer Toko Sample Number 166NNF–10264AG

± 15.0mm Max 3.5mm 0.5mm 0.7mm Pin Diameter

7 ± 0.2mm

3 4 SS 2

1 5 Unloaded Q (Pins 1–3): 15 @ 2.5 MHz (Drawing Provided By: Inductance: 30 µH ± 10% @ 2.5 MHz Toko America, Skokie, IL) Connection Diagram Turns: 60 (each winding) Bottom View Wire: #38 AWG (0.1 m/m)

Figure 24. A Prototype Delay Line TDK Sample Number DL122301D–1533

1.26 Max 32.0 0.35 Max 9.0

*Marking 0.93 Max 23.5

0.394 ± 0.06 ± 10.0 ± 1.5 0.2 ± 0.04 0.026 0.002 ± 5.0 ± 1.0 0.65 0.33

0.788 ± 0.08 20.0 ± 2.0

0.8 Radius Max 2.0

Item Specifications Time Delay 400 ns ± 10% *Marking: Part Number, Manufacturer’s Identification, Ω ± *Marking: Date Code and Lead Number. Impedance 1200 10% *Marking: Skokie, IL (TDK Corporation of America) Resistance Less Than 15 Ω Transient Response with 20 ns Preshoot: 10% Max Rise Time Input Pulse Overshoot: 10% Max Rise Time: 120 ns Max Attenuation 3 dB Max at 6.0 MHz

14 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA MC1377

Figure 25. RGB Pulse Generator

BNC 4.7µF 10k 2N4403

Composite Blanking 2.2k 10k –5.0V Reg 10k MC74LS112A 1/2 MC74LS112A 0.1 2N 4401 3.3k 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 2.2 k MC1455 8 15S 16 14S 15S 16 7 4 3J Q5 11J Q9 3J

2 2k 12k 2k 3.3k 154kHz 6 3 1C Q6 13C Q7 1C Q6 1 5 R4 R4 8 R10 8 10k

10 k 750 pF 0.1 Freq Adj

1.8k 680 1.8k 680 1.8k 680

BNC BNC BNC Blue Red Green Output Output Output 2N4401 2N4401 2N4401

0.1 0.1 470 470 470 0.1

RGB Pulse Generator Timing Diagram for NTSC

64 µs Composite Blanking Input

154 kHz Clock

WhiteYellow Cyan Green Magenta Red Blue Black Blue Output 1.0 Vpp

Red Output

Green Output

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA 15 MC1377

Figure 26. Printed Circuit Boards for the MC1377

(CIRCUIT SIDE) (COMPONENT SIZE)

Figure 27. Color TV Encoder – Modulator

470 47k µ 0.12 H VCC 470 470 (+12V) VCC 0.001 56 17 20 3.58MHz 220 8.2Vdc 2.7k 2.2k 6 7 4 8 75 18 0.33µH 0.33µH 16 1 0.001 5–25 220 47 RF 9 Out 2 54k 6.8k 3 + 0.1 S 0.1 120 22 47 22 R 3 1 10µH + 15µF 0.001 MC1374 G 4 mica + µ MC1377 15 F 2 12 3.3k B 5 0.001 + 15µF 9 11 5.1k 10 47 0.001 0.1 8 14 13 13 400ns 75k 5 10 10264 + AG 100 220 1.0 1.2k 1.2k

6 14 11 12 19 15 7 Video Audio Out In

0.1 .01

VCC 0.1 .01 (+12V)

16 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA MC1377

OUTLINE DIMENSIONS

P SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 738–03 ISSUE E –A– NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 20 11 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH. 3. DIMENSION L TO CENTER OF LEAD WHEN B FORMED PARALLEL. 1 10 4. DIMENSION B DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH.

C INCHES MILLIMETERS DIM MIN MAX MIN MAX A 1.010 1.070 25.66 27.17 B 0.240 0.260 6.10 6.60 C 0.150 0.180 3.81 4.57 –T– K D 0.015 0.022 0.39 0.55 SEATING E 0.050 BSC 1.27 BSC PLANE M F 0.050 0.070 1.27 1.77 G 0.100 BSC 2.54 BSC E N J 0.008 0.015 0.21 0.38 G F K 0.110 0.140 2.80 3.55 J 20 PL L 0.300 BSC 7.62 BSC M 0 __ 15 0 __ 15 D 20 PL M M 0.25 (0.010) T B N 0.020 0.040 0.51 1.01 0.25 (0.010) M T A M

DW SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 751D–04 (SO–20L) –A– ISSUE E NOTES: 20 11 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETER. 3. DIMENSIONS A AND B DO NOT INCLUDE –B– 10X P MOLD PROTRUSION. M M 4. MAXIMUM MOLD PROTRUSION 0.150 (0.006) 0.010 (0.25) B PER SIDE. 5. DIMENSION D DOES NOT INCLUDE DAMBAR 1 10 PROTRUSION. ALLOWABLE DAMBAR PROTRUSION SHALL BE 0.13 (0.005) TOTAL IN EXCESS OF D DIMENSION AT MAXIMUM 20X D MATERIAL CONDITION. J MILLIMETERS INCHES M S S 0.010 (0.25)T A B DIM MIN MAX MIN MAX A 12.65 12.95 0.499 0.510 F B 7.40 7.60 0.292 0.299 C 2.35 2.65 0.093 0.104 D 0.35 0.49 0.014 0.019 F 0.50 0.90 0.020 0.035 R X 45_ G 1.27 BSC 0.050 BSC J 0.25 0.32 0.010 0.012 K 0.10 0.25 0.004 0.009 C M 0 __ 7 0 __ 7 P 10.05 10.55 0.395 0.415 SEATING R 0.25 0.75 0.010 0.029 –T– PLANE M 18X G K

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA 17 MC1377

Motorola reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. Motorola makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does Motorola assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation consequential or incidental damages. “Typical” parameters can and do vary in different applications. All operating parameters, including “Typicals” must be validated for each customer application by customer’s technical experts. Motorola does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. Motorola products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the Motorola product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur. Should Buyer purchase or use Motorola products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold Motorola and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that Motorola was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. Motorola and are registered trademarks of Motorola, Inc. Motorola, Inc. is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer.

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◊ MC1377/D 18 MOTOROLA*MC1377/D* ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA