Lexomics for Source Detection
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© 2018 Kyle Joseph Williams
ã 2018 Kyle Joseph Williams THE ASSEMBLED BODY: ANATOMICAL ENUMERATION AND EMBODIMENT IN ANGLO-SAXON DEVOTIONAL TEXTS BY KYLE JOSEPH WILLIAMS DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2018 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Renée R. Trilling, Chair Professor Charles D. Wright Professor Martin Camargo Associate Professor Jim Hansen ABSTRACT “The Assembled Body: Anatomical Enumeration and Embodiment in Anglo- Saxon Devotional Texts” argues that Anglo-Saxon Christians viewed the material body as a potent site for spiritual transformation. This notion finds its fullest expression in the rhetorical scheme of anatomical enumeration which appears across a diverse collection of Old English and Anglo-Latin devotional forms that range from the seventh to eleventh century, such as anonymous personal protective charms and prayers, confessional formulae, monastic execrations, scientific writing and diagrams produced Byrhtferth, as well as a number of Ælfric of Eynsham’s vernacular homilies. This project demonstrates how Anglo-Saxon authors employed such enumerative anatomical catalogs to highlight the vibrancy of the flesh at moments spiritual uncertainty. Casting the material body as an assemblage of agents, this rhetorical disarticulation of the flesh enables readers to envision the realignment and reintegration of their disordered and disobedient limbs into the unity of Christ’s spiritual body. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This project was completed through the generous help of many kind people. My greatest debt is to my dissertation supervisor, Renée Trilling. Her meticulous and challenging feedback, unceasing patience to allow me the (many) opportunities to learn from my mistakes, and hearty encouragement gave me both the enthusiasm and nerve to complete this task. -
Beowulf and Typological Symbolism
~1F AND TYPOLOGICAL SYMBOLISM BEO~LF AND TYPOLOGICAL SY~rnOLISM By WILLEM HELDER A Thesis· Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Ar.ts McMaster University November 1971. MASTER OF ARTS (1971) McMASTER UNIVERSITY (English) - Hamilton~ Ontario ~ and Typological Symbolism AUTHOR, Willem Helder~ BoAe (McMaster University) SUPERVISORt" Dro AQ Ao Lee NUMBER OF PAGESg v~ 100 ii PREFACE In view of the prevalence of Christianity in England throughout what we can consider the age of the f3e.o~ poet, an exploration of the influence o·f typological symbolism would seem to be especially useful in the study of ~f. In the Old English period any Christian influence on a poem would perforce be of a patristic and typological nature. I propose to give evidence that this statement applies also to 13Eio'!llJ..J,=:(, and to bring this information to bear particularly on the inter pretation of the two dominant symbols r Reorot and the dragon's hoardo To date, no attempt has been made to look at the poem as a whole in a purely typological perspectivec. According to the typological exegesis of Scripture, the realities of the Old Testament prefigure those of the new dis~ pensation. The Hebrew prophets and also the New Testament apostles consciously made reference to "types" or II figures II , but it was left for the Fathers of the Church to develop typology as a science. They did so to prove to such h.eretics as the lYIani~ chean8 that both Testaments form a unity, and to convince the J"ews that the Old was fulfilled in the New. -
BRITISH LITERATURE Level 630
LITERATURE / LANGUAGE ARTS INSTRUCTOR’S GUIDE BRITISH LITERATURE Level 630 Thames Embankment London, England FUN FACT All of Jane Austen’s novels were published anonymously until after her death. PARENT GUIDE 630 Ages 17–18 Grades 11–12 Literature Language Arts British Literature by the Sonlight Team And you shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free. John 8:32 (NKJV)) PARENT GUIDE Instructor’s Guide Quick Start The Sonlight Instructor’s Guide (IG) is designed to make This IG includes an entire 36-week schedule, notes, your educational experience as easy as possible. We have assignments, readings, and other educational activities. carefully organized the materials to help you and your For specific organizational tips, topics and skills addressed, children get the most out of the subjects covered. If you the timeline schedule, and other suggestions for the need help reading your schedule, see “How to Use the parent/teacher see Section Three. What helpful features Schedule” just before Week 1 begins. can you expect from the IG? Notes WEEK NOTES CORE A Timeline Instructions Day 1 Schedule Throughout the year, we will provide Timeline suggestions from your assigned reading here in your Bible Notes . We mark them with a d symbol. If we use Easy to use the d symbol, please find a figure in the Sonlight Egermeier's Bible Story Book | pp. 10–12 Timeline Figure packet. CORE A WEEK SCHEDULE Note: We read a story Bible to give our children the You should either use the timeline sold by Sonlight full flow of the Bible’s content. -
M.A. Thesis – E. Haayema (Koning); Mcmaster University – English and Cultural Studies SCRIPTURAL TYPES and ANGLO-SAXON HEROE
M.A. Thesis – E. Haayema (Koning); McMaster University – English and Cultural Studies SCRIPTURAL TYPES AND ANGLO-SAXON HEROES M.A. Thesis – E. Haayema (Koning); McMaster University – English and Cultural Studies REMAKING THE MOULD: SCRIPTURAL TYPES AND ANGLO-SAXON HEROES IN THE DREAM OF THE ROOD, ELENE, AND JUDITH By ERIN KONING, B.A. A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts McMaster University © Copyright by Erin Koning, September 2015 M.A. Thesis – E. Haayema (Koning); McMaster University – English and Cultural Studies McMaster University MASTER OF ARTS (2015) Hamilton, Ontario (English and Cultural Studies) TITLE: Remaking the Mould: Scriptural Types and Anglo-Saxon Heroes in The Dream of the Rood, Elene, and Judith AUTHOR: Erin Koning, B.A. (Redeemer University College) SUPERVISOR: Professor Anne Savage NUMBER OF PAGES: vi, 95 ii M.A. Thesis – E. Haayema (Koning); McMaster University – English and Cultural Studies Lay Abstract: This thesis aims to discuss the process and purposes of “remaking” the Anglo-Saxon hero in three Anglo-Saxon poems: The Dream of the Rood, Elene, and Judith. I examine how the poets blend various monastic and secular influences within Christianized Anglo-Saxon culture in order to establish a new and ideal literary hero, one who often resembles spiritual archetypes such as Christ or the Virgin Mary. I also explore the complex gender dynamics that emerge in these poems, and in particular how the protagonist — the hero or heroine — navigates a diverse range of both masculine and feminine performances in order to succeed. -
Leeds Studies in English
Leeds Studies in English New Series XLVIII 2017 Architectural Representation in Medieval England Edited by Hannah Bailey, Karl Kinsella, and Daniel Thomas Editorial assistant Alaric Hall Leeds Studies in English <www.leeds.ac.uk/lse> School of English University of Leeds 2017 Architecture as Authoritative Reader: Splitting Stones in Andreas and Christ III Hannah Bailey A patristic trope which appears in a number of texts that were known in Anglo-Saxon England contrasts the hard-heartedness of man to the perceptiveness and responsiveness of insensate created things. For example, a story related in the Dialogues of Gregory the Great concerns a flood that affected the lands belonging to a church: the bishop, Sabinus, orders his deacon to instruct the flood to recede in his name, but the deacon just laughs; Sabinus then writes the command and sends his servant to cast the written message into the flood waters, which immediately obey and recede. Gregory concludes the story by asking (in the words of the Old English translation): In þære wisan, Petrus, hwæt oðres magon we ongytan, buton þæt þær wæs onscynded manna heortena heardnes & heora unhyrsumnes, þa þæt unandgytfulle gesceaft þæs wætres wæs hyrende þam halgan were in his mægne?¹ In that manner, Peter, what else may we understand, except that there was put to shame the hardness of the hearts of men and their disobedience, when that unintelligent creation, the water, was obedient to the holy man in his power? The Old English poems Andreas and Christ III both make use of a specific subset of this trope, contrasting the blindness of the Jews who failed to acknowledge Christ with the perceptiveness of created things that miraculously display their understanding of Christ’s divinity. -
ABSTRACT Jesus Christ Warrior-King: Analysis of the Old
ABSTRACT Jesus Christ Warrior-King: Analysis of the Old English Poem Christ and Satan Hannah L. Schwartz Director: Ginger Hanchey, Ph.D. The Old English poem Christ and Satan is an interesting and important work of literature, but various circumstances have left it without the widespread scholarly attention or fame of other Old English poems. This thesis begins by demonstrating the ways in which Christ and Satan makes use of traditional, Germanic-heroic literary practices to tell its distinctly Christian story and how this intermingling of traditions casts Christ into several distinctly heroic roles within the poem, including that of the warrior- king. Subsequent chapters compare specific scenes from the narrative of the poem, those of Christ’s descent into hell and his temptation by Satan in the desert, to similar scenes from other poems in the Old English and Old Saxon poetic canons. These comparisons are made in search of increased understanding of both the poetic inner-workings of Christ and Satan and how and why it was composed within its unique historical, literary, and religious context. APPROVED BY DIRECTOR OF HONORS THESIS: Dr. Ginger Hanchey, Department of English APPROVED BY THE HONORS PROGRAM Dr. Elizabeth Corey, Director DATE: JESUS CHRIST WARRIOR-KING: ANALYSIS OF THE OLD ENGLISH CHRIST AND SATAN A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Baylor University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Honors Program By Hannah L. Schwartz Waco, Texas May 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements iii Chapter One: Introduction -
Instructor's Guide Quick Start
Instructor’s Guide Quick Start The Sonlight Instructor’s Guide (IG) is designed to make This IG includes an entire 36-week schedule, notes, your educational experience as easy as possible. We have assignments, readings, and other educational activities. carefully organized the materials to help you and your For specific organizational tips, topics and skills addressed, children get the most out of the subjects covered. If you the timeline schedule, and other suggestions for the need help reading your schedule, see “How to Use the parent/teacher see Section Three. What helpful features Schedule Page” just before Week 1 begins. can you expect from the IG? Notes WEEK NOTES CORE A Timeline Instructions Day 1 Schedule Throughout the year, we will provide Timeline suggestions from your assigned reading here in your Bible Notes . We mark them with a d symbol. If we use Easy to use the d symbol, please find a figure in the Sonlight Egermeier's Bible Story Book | pp. 10–12 Timeline Figure packet. CORE A WEEK SCHEDULE Note: We read a story Bible to give our children the You should either use the timeline sold by Sonlight full flow of the Bible’s content. We read Egermeier’s Curriculum, or make a timeline for the wall of your room because it chooses the stories well, is readable, and using 8½"x 11" paper (taped sideways, end to end), one compelling. My children often pleaded with me to “keep inch for every 100 years or so. Bible on reading.” May our children grow up to understand the Word and to love it. -
The Composite Nature of Andreas
humanities Article The Composite Nature of Andreas David Maddock Department of Language and Literature, Signum University, Nashua, NH 03063, USA; [email protected] Received: 7 May 2019; Accepted: 20 July 2019; Published: 31 July 2019 Abstract: Scholars of the Old English poem Andreas have long debated its dating and authorship, as the poem shares affinities both with Beowulf and the signed poems of Cynewulf. Although this debate hinges on poetic style and other internal evidence, the stylistic uniformity of Andreas has not been suitably demonstrated. This paper investigates this question by examining the distribution of oral-formulaic data within the poem, which is then correlated to word frequency and orthographic profiles generated with lexomic techniques. The analysis identifies an earlier version of the poem, which has been expanded by a later poet. Keywords: Anglo-Saxon literature; Old English language; philology; digital humanities; medieval studies; Andreas; Cynewulf; Beowulf ; lexomics 1. Introduction Cynewulf has received scrutiny as one of the few named poets in the Anglo-Saxon vernacular due to the existence of four poems—Elene, Juliana, Christ II, and The Fates of the Apostles—that contain rune signatures bearing his name. The modern expectation is for an author to sign his work, but because manuscript collections of Anglo-Saxon poetry appear to have been intended for local audiences this was not the norm in medieval England (Bredehoft 2009, p. 45). Cynewulf signed these poems to solicit prayers on his behalf, not due to an expectation of publication (p. 46). Due to the anonymous nature of the Old English poetic corpus, unsigned poems authored by Cynewulf may exist, but because we know so little about his biography, “the whole question of Cynewulf’s authorship is intimately tied up with the issue of style” (Orchard 2003, p. -
Old English Literature: a Brief Summary
Volume II, Issue II, June 2014 - ISSN 2321-7065 Old English Literature: A Brief Summary Nasib Kumari Student J.k. Memorial College of Education Barsana Mor Birhi Kalan Charkhi Dadri Introduction Old English literature (sometimes referred to as Anglo-Saxon literature) encompasses literature written in Old English (also called Anglo-Saxon) in Anglo-Saxon England from the 7th century to the decades after the Norman Conquest of 1066. "Cædmon's Hymn", composed in the 7th century according to Bede, is often considered the oldest extant poem in English, whereas the later poem, The Grave is one of the final poems written in Old English, and presents a transitional text between Old and Middle English.[1] Likewise, the Peterborough Chronicle continues until the 12th century. The poem Beowulf, which often begins the traditional canon of English literature, is the most famous work of Old English literature. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle has also proven significant for historical study, preserving a chronology of early English history.Alexander Souter names the commentary on Paul's epistles by Pelagius "the earliest extant work by a British author".[2][3] In descending order of quantity, Old English literature consists of: sermons and saints' lives, biblical translations; translated Latin works of the early Church Fathers; Anglo-Saxon chronicles and narrative history works; laws, wills and other legal works; practical works ongrammar, medicine, geography; and poetry.[4] In all there are over 400 survivingmanuscripts from the period, of which about 189 are considered "major".[5] Besides Old English literature, Anglo-Saxons wrote a number of Anglo-Latin works. -
English Alliterative Verse: Poetic Tradition and Literary History
ENGLISH ALLITERATIVE VERSE English Alliterative Verse tells the story of the medieval poetic tradition that includes Beowulf, Piers Plowman, and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, stretching from the eighth century, when English poetry first appeared in manuscripts, to the sixteenth century, when alliterative poetry ceased to be composed. Eric Weiskott draws on the study of meter to challenge the traditional division of medieval English literary history into ‘Old English’ and ‘Middle English’ periods. The two halves of the alliterative tradition, divided by the Norman Conquest of 1066, have been studied separately since the nineteenth century; this book uses the history of metrical form and its cultural meanings to bring the two halves back together. In combining literary history and metrical description into a new kind of history he calls ‘verse history,’ Weiskott reimagines the historical study of poetics. eric weiskott is Assistant Professor of English at Boston College. In addition to publishing widely on alliterative verse and early English literary history in journals such as Anglo-Saxon England, ELH, Modern Language Quarterly, Modern Philology, Review of English Studies, and Yearbook of Langland Studies, Weiskott is also a practicing poet. Most recently, his poems have appeared in burnt- district, Cricket Online Review, and paper nautilus. His first poetry chapbook was Sharp Fish (2008). With Irina Dumitrescu, he has co- edited a volume of essays with the working title Early English Poetics and the History of Style. cambridge studies -
View That the Present Study Affirms
1 CYNEWULF'S ASCENSION (CHRIST II): A CRITICAL EDITION Roland T. Williams A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY August 197U Approved by Doctoral Committee Advisor Department of Englzi ¿f7 iJ-l—dJ —;; WWUNG GREEN Stint UNIVERSITY LIBRARY ABSTRACT Ascension (Christ II) is one of four Old English poems (the other three are Fates of the Apostles, Juliana, and Elene) with the name "Cynewulf" embedded in runes, acrostic-fashion, near the end. The purpose of the dissertation is to present a text of Ascension, transcribed from the Exeter Book facsimile. Included, too, are textual notes and commentary, introduction, translation, and glossary. Although the poem has been edited as part of the Exeter Book, as one of Cynewulf's signed works, and in collections of Old English literature, it has never been issued before as a separate work. The first 1,664 lines of the Exeter Book have been divided by scholars into Christ I (Advent), Christ II (Ascension), and Christ III (The Last Judgment) and were considered for many years to be a trilogy called Christ. Since Benjamin Thorpe published the first edition of the Exeter Book in 1842, scholars have repeated ly attempted to discover whether Cynewulf wrote one, two, or all three parts. For the reason that Cynewulf's name appears only at the end of Ascension, current scholarship holds that Cynewulf wrote only this poem, a view that the present study affirms. The introduction includes a discussion of the background of the Exeter Book, problems relating to authorship, dating, dialect, and runic writing, and a critical analysis which ejqjlores the structure, diction, imagery, and theme of the poem. -
God Or Man? the Dual Nature of Christ in Old English Christian Poetry
God or Man? The Dual Nature of Christ in Old English Christian Poetry MA-Thesis Philology Student name: Mariëlle van Rijn Student number: s1267965 Date: 23 December 2016 First reader: Dr. M.H. Porck Second reader: Dr. K.A. Murchison Leiden University, Department of Literary Studies Source title page image: London, British Library, MS 49598 (‘The Benedictional of St Æthelwold’). TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1 Chapter 1 – The Dual Nature of Christ and Medieval Christology 5 Chapter 2 – Christ the Messiah, Redeemer, and Judge in Christ I, Christ II, and Christ III 14 Chapter 3 – Christ the Warrior in The Dream of the Rood and The Descent into Hell 40 Conclusion 55 Works Cited List 58 1 INTRODUCTION Anglo-Saxon poets show a splendid ability to deal with difficult and foreign subject matter in their own Germanic style. Accustomed to a pagan warrior culture, the Anglo-Saxons needed to come to terms with a new tradition coming to their island in the sixth and seventh centuries: Christianity. The Anglo-Saxons proved to be particularly good at fusing their vernacular culture with the new Christian faith; they not only adapted themselves to the ideals of Christianity, but also adapted Christianity to their own heroic tradition.1 This reconciliation of Germanic heroism and Christianity is especially evident in Old English literature. For instance, in the opening lines of Andreas the poet portrays the twelve apostles in terms of the Germanic comitatus: they are excellent warriors and loyal retainers to the Lord.2 Similarly, Anglo-Saxon saints such as Guthlac are described as warriors of Christ fighting spiritual battles.3 Moreover, the devil and his minions are often presented as exiles, for example in Christ and Satan, as punishment for their disloyalty to God.4 As such, the Anglo-Saxon poets cast Christian themes in a heroic mode to make them more acceptable to their Germanic audience.