Density and Walkable Communities Reid Ewing Professor & Chair City and Metropolitan Planning University of Utah
[email protected] Department of City & Metropolitan Planning, University of Utah www.company.com MRC Research at 5 Geographic Scales • Region • Neighborhood • MXD • TOD • Block Department of City & Metropolitan Planning, University of Utah www.company.com Elasticities Convenient Way of Summarizing Relationships Dimensionless So Perhaps Transferable www.company.com NEIGHBORHOOD SCALE Department of City & Metropolitan Planning, University of Utah www.company.com 5Ds of Compact Development Density Mobility Design Diversity Accessibility Livability Destination Distance Accessibility to Transit Sustainability www.company.com Fairview Village www.company.com Southern Village www.company.com Metro Square www.company.com Meta-Analysis www.company.com Rich Literature • More than 200 Empirical Studies • Collectively Relate All Aspects of Travel to All Aspects of Built Environment • Vast Majority Control for Sociodemographic Differences • Vast Majority Use Statistical Methods • A Few Come Close to the Normative Model www.company.com Weighted average elasticities of walking Distance to nearest transit stop Job within one mile Percentage of 4-way intersection Intersection/street density Distance to a store Jobs-housing balance Land use mix (entropy index) Commercial floor area ratio Job density Household/population density -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4www.company.com 15 Region Database www.company.com Households and trips Survey Date Surveyed Households Surveyed Trips Atlanta 2011 9,575 93,681 Austin 2005 1,450 14,249 Boston 2011 7,826 86,915 Denver 2010 5,551 67,764 Detroit 2005 939 14,690 Eugene 2011 1,679 16,563 Houston 2008 5,276 59,552 Kansas City 2004 3,022 31,779 Minneapolis-St.