DOCSLIB.ORG

Politics of Memory: (Re)Construction of the Past in Post-Socialist Vietnam

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Politics of Memory: (Re)Construction of the Past in Post-Socialist Vietnam POLITICS OF MEMORY: (RE)CONSTRUCTION OF THE PAST IN POST-SOCIALIST VIETNAM A Thesis Submitted to the Committee of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Arts and Science TRENT UNIVERSITY Peterborough, Ontario, Canada © Copyright by Nguyễn Thị Thanh Hoa 2016 Cultural Studies Ph.D. Graduate Program January 2017 ABSTRACT Politics of Memory: (Re)construction of the Past in Post-socialist Vietnam Nguyễn Thị Thanh Hoa In dialogue with the critical scholarship on war and remembrance, my research deals with the construction, contestation and negotiation of collective memory in contemporary Vietnam with a focus on commemorations devoted to dead soldiers. Utilizing the methodologies of cultural studies and ethnography, this research seeks to comprehend the politics of memory which characterize collective memory as a social phenomenon whose meanings, interpretations and forms are variedly constructed from a certain social group to the next. Empirically, in this research, constitutive elements of Vietnamese postwar memoryscapes including the hero-centered discourse sanctioned by the Communist Party and the Socialist state, the family remembrance rooted in religious and kinship mandates and the newly emerged online ecology of memory are examined in their own nature as well as in their complicated intertwinements and constant interactions with each other. Case studies and specific methods of individual interview, participant observation and cultural analysis enable the author to approach and identify a wide range of forms and intersections between official and vernacular practices, between oral and living history and institutionalized and cultural presentations of memory. While considering these issues specifically in the Vietnamese context, my dissertation contributes to the increasing theoretical debates in the field of memory studies by i exploring the relation of power and the symbolic struggle within and between different social agents involved. As it emphasizes the dynamic and power of memory, this research furthermore situates the phenomenon of collective memory in its dialogues with a broader cultural political environment of postwar society, which is characterized as a hybrid condition embracing processes of nationalism, modernization and post-socialist transformation. Significantly, during these dialogues, as demonstrated in this research, memory works embrace presentism and future-oriented functions which require any social group who is involved to negotiate and renegotiate its position, and to structure and restructure its power. Last but not least it must construct and reconstruct its own versions of the past. Keywords: Dead soldiers, war martyrs, war remembrance, Vietnam, the politics of memory, Socialist state, family memory, online commemoration, postwar society. ii Dedication To my mother and In memory of my father iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This has been a long and challenging project and I could not have completed it without the help of many people along the way. I would firstly like to thank my dissertation supervisor, Professor Emeritus Ian McLachlan. It is difficult to express how much I have appreciated and learned from your thoughtful advice and guidance throughout my dissertation process. Thank you for generously sharing your own experiences, patiently helping me organize my thoughts, and providing me with your endless encouragement. I could not have made it this far without your incredible support, confidence and positivity. A heartfelt thank you goes out to my committee members, Dr. Alan O’Connor and Dr. Van Nguyen-Marshall. Alan – I am very grateful for your kindness. Thank you for providing me with a wide range of support, from helping me navigate the Cultural Studies Ph.D. Program during my first year at Trent to inspiring me with your thoughtful feedback on my present research. Van - thank you so much for your critical attention and your useful comments that continually prompt me to write more clearly, and think more deeply about my work. A special thank you to Dr. Jonathan Bordo – Director of Cultural Studies Ph.D. Program. Thank you for being supportive of my work. Without your help in navigating administration and funding matters, my work would have not been made possible. I am thankful to my participants who were willing to be part of my research. Particularly, a big thank you goes to Mr. Nguyễn Duy Sơn and other residents of Tân Lộc commune, Mr. Nguyễn Sỹ Hồ, Ngô Thị Thúy Hằng, and other administrators and members of nhantimdongdoi.org, lietsivietnam.org, nguoiduado.vn and nhomai.vn. Your kindness and support are essential to my work. To my precious informants - thank you for making my work possible! iv A heartfelt thanks to my family. Thank you to my sisters and my brother for being patient and incredibly supportive throughout my years of education. To my beloved mother - thank you for being my role model and showing me the significance of not giving up. Mum, words hardly express how much your love and support mean to me. To Patricia Wilson – my beloved landlady - thank you so much for providing me a place that I call “home” in Canada. Thank you for spending your precious time proofreading my lengthy writing. Your input made the final product better. Last but not least, I would like to express my gratitude to the Vietnam Ministry of Education and Training and the School of Graduate Studies at Trent University for their financial support during my doctoral studies. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract i Dedication iii Acknowledgments iv List of images vii Abbreviations viii INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 1: THE PAST DOESN’T PASS: MEMORY AND THE STATE IN POST-SOCIALIST VIETNAM 36 Soldiers and War 38 “Certificated” Memory 54 Modernizing Memory and Its Discontent 74 Conclusion 103 CHAPTER 2: LIVING WITH THE DEAD: FILLING ABSENCE AND LOSS IN FAMILY COMMEMORATION 106 When the presence of absence is felt 110 Ancestor, ghost or hero? How should I remember him? 123 “I am connected to you, but I’ve never met you…” 145 Conclusion 157 CHAPTER 3: DIGITIZING DEATH: REMEMBERING IN THE VIRTUAL SPACE 160 Once physical, now virtual 169 “Hello, father. It’s me again.” 183 Beyond the screen 193 Conclusion 210 CONCLUSION: THE POLITICS OF MEMORY IN CONTEMPORARY VIETNAM 213 REFERENCES 219 vi LIST OF IMAGES Image 1: "Speedy operating to unify the country - Where there is an enemy we will crush him” 47 Image 2: “Ensure the roads are open for the victory” 53 Image 3: Graves of war martyrs at Trường Sơn national cemetery 67 Image 4: Bắc Sơn Monument-Ba Đình Square – Hanoi 72 Image 5: War Martyr Memorial in Tuy An District – Phú Yên Province 85 Image 6: War Martyr Memorial in Thanh Xuan Commune – Soc Son District- Hanoi 85 Image 7: Memorial to War Martyrs at the Road 9 Cemetery 86 Image 8: Monument to ten young female volunteers in Đồng Lộc T-Junction Historic Site 88 Image 9: The Statue of Victory - Đồng Lộc T-Junction Historic Site 89 Image 10: Bến Dược War Martyr Temple – Củ Chi Historic Site – Hồ Chí Minh City 97 Image 11: Stele House and Monument for War Martyrs in Tân Lộc Commune 99 Image 12: Five Tổ Quốc Ghi Công certificates hung above an ancestor altar 116 Image 13: Front page of Cemetery Online at www.nhomai.vn 170 Image 14: Front page of www.lietsivietnam.org 172 Image 15: Front page of www.nguoiduado.vn 173 Image 16: A memorial profile on lietsivietnam 185 Image 17: Offerings at a war martyr’s tomb on www.nhomai.vn 188 Image 18: Photo of offerings at the real tomb of a war martyr being displayed on the online counterpart at www.nhomai.vn 189 vii ABBREVIATIONS CIHC Center for Investigation into Human Capabilities DRV The Democratic Republic of Vietnam LSVN Lietsivietnam.org MN Nhomai.vn MOLISA Ministry of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs MOND Ministry of National Defense NĐĐ Nguoiduado.vn NTĐĐ Nhantimdongdoi.org PAVN The People’s Army of Vietnam RVN The Republic of Vietnam UIA Technology Union for Applied Informatics VOV The Voice of Vietnam (Radio station) VTV Vietnam Television YSB Youth Shock Brigades viii Introduction “. whatever takes place has meaning because it changes into memory.” (Milosz 2001) “Memory has always had political or ideological overtones, but each epoch has found its own meaning in memory.” (Hacking 1995) It was the last day of my summer vacation in 2010. I sat in the waiting room at the bus terminal, browsing through my Facebook’s News Feed. For the past ten days during the trip, I had logged off the social media world. Now, as the vacation was almost over, I eventually felt a need to catch up on what I had missed out there. Instead of contributing new posts to the newsfeed or checking out unread messages and comments, I just took a quick glance at the most recent updates from my friends. A stream of written posts, photos of friends and families, links to journal articles and advertisements for trendy travel destinations kept coming up when I was scrolling down the screen. A great deal of excitement emanated from those updates, resonating with the raw memories of my recent trip. They held my attention until I finally spotted something different. I noticed a scanned black and white photograph of a man dressed in a full military uniform. The caption accompanying the photo read: “Celebrating the special day of my grandfather. I’m very proud of you”. A good of number of scratches and uneven fading evidently told of the photo’s age. Those time damages, however, did not prevent me from catching a glimpse of the soldier’s portrait. The man adopting a formal pose was noticeably young; he couldn’t have been older than twenty at the time. He was skinny 1 and his eyes were looking straight at the camera.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • This Electronic Thesis Or Dissertation Has Been Downloaded from Explore Bristol Research
    This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from Explore Bristol Research, http://research-information.bristol.ac.uk Author: Mai, Thuy Title: The Politics of Nationalism in the Vietnamese Communist Discourse General rights Access to the thesis is subject to the Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International Public License. A copy of this may be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode This license sets out your rights and the restrictions that apply to your access to the thesis so it is important you read this before proceeding. Take down policy Some pages of this thesis may have been removed for copyright restrictions prior to having it been deposited in Explore Bristol Research. However, if you have discovered material within the thesis that you consider to be unlawful e.g. breaches of copyright (either yours or that of a third party) or any other law, including but not limited to those relating to patent, trademark, confidentiality, data protection, obscenity, defamation, libel, then please contact [email protected] and include the following information in your message: •Your contact details •Bibliographic details for the item, including a URL •An outline nature of the complaint Your claim will be investigated and, where appropriate, the item in question will be removed from public view as soon as possible. The Politics of Nationalism in the Vietnamese Communist Discourse Thuy Thu Mai A dissertation submitted to the University of Bristol in accordance with the requirement for award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Social Science and Law, School of Sociology, Politics and International Studies 30th January 2019 Word Count: 81,365 words Abstract The Vietnamese communists have always defined their revolution in national terms, telling the story of how the communists led the Vietnamese people to rescue and rebuild the nation from the plight of French colonisation and American aggression.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the Entire Publication As
    The Heinrich Boell Foundation (HBF), affiliated with the Green Party and headquartered in Berlin, is a legally independent political foundation working in the spirit of intellectual openness. Its activities encompass more than 130 projects in 60 countries that have been developed with local partners. The Foundation's primary objective is to support political education both within Germany and abroad, thus promoting democratic involvement, socio-political activism, and cross-cultural understanding. The Foundation also provides support for art and culture, science and research, and developmental co- operation. HBF's activities are guided by the fundamental political values of ecology, democracy, solidarity, and non-violence. The German Institute for International and Security Affairs of the Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP) is an independent scientific establishment that conducts practically oriented research on the basis of which it then advises the Bundestag (the German parliament) and the federal government on foreign and security policy issues. A traditional Myanmarese/Burmese painting (circa 1880) depicting the King and Queen holding a For further information please visit: 'Hluttaw' or parliament meeting with four Chief Ministers and other palace officials in the absence of their www.boell.de subjects or representatives. www.swp-berlin.de (Victoria and Albert Museum, Great Britain; http://www.vam.ac.uk/) Active Citizens Under Political Wraps: Experiences from Myanmar/Burma and Vietnam Active Citizens Under Political Wraps: Experiences from Myanmar/Burma and Vietnam Edited by the Heinrich Boell Foundation Southeast Asia Regional Office First edition, Thailand, Chiang Mai 2006 © Heinrich-Boell-Stiftung Photo Front Page: Traditional Myanmarese/Burmese painting (parabeik), circa 1880 © Photo Back Page: Martin Grossheim Printing: Santipab Pack-Print, Chiang Mai, Thailand Copyeditors: Zarni, JaneeLee Cherneski, Yong-Min (Markus) Jo ISBN 974-94978-3-X Contact Address: Heinrich Boell Foundation Southeast Asia Regional Office P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Title: the Emerge of Constitutional Government in Vietnam Author: Pham Duy Nghia
    Title: The Emerge of Constitutional Government in Vietnam Author: Pham Duy Nghia This paper has been submitted to the conference ‘Vietnam: political and economic challenges and opportunities’ at the Australian National University on 3 October 2019 This is a preliminary version. It is not for quoting or citations. Do not remove this note. The Emerge of Constitutional Government in Vietnam Pham Duy Nghia* “In order to institutionalize the Party program to build Socialism, we the people of Vietnam, make this Constitution”. Preamble 2013 Constitution of Vietnam I. Introductory Overview Long synonymous as war, since 1986 transformed from one of the poorest countries into a low middle-income country, Vietnam is now one of the most dynamic emerging countries in the world1. With 95 million population, reaching the development level compatible to the Philippines or Egypt2, Vietnam is home for millions of private business and an attractive destination for foreign direct investment. The life of million Vietnamese was improved, poverty significantly reduced, by 2035 more than half of Vietnamese population are projected to join ranks of global middle class with consumption of $15 a day or more3. Aggressively integrated into the global economy, Vietnam is party of dozen free trade agreements, including Vietnam-EU, Vietnam-Japan, and CP- TPP4. In regard of trade openness, Vietnam ranks globally the fifth among the most open economies in the world, just following Luxembourg, Hongkong, Singapore, and Ireland5, with total trade more than double the size of its GDP. In contrast to rapid changes in dismantling the command economy and embracing market reforms, the political system undergone less visible evolution.
    [Show full text]
  • STUDY GUIDE Prepared by Maren Robinson, Dramaturg
    by Susan Felder directed by William Brown STUDY GUIDE Prepared by Maren Robinson, Dramaturg This Study Guide for Wasteland was prepared by Maren Robinson and edited by Kerri Hunt and Lara Goetsch for TimeLine Theatre, its patrons and educational outreach. Please request permission to use these materials for any subsequent production. © TimeLine Theatre 2012 — STUDY GUIDE — Table of Contents About the Playwright ........................................................................................ 3 About the Play ................................................................................................... 3 The Interview: Susan Felder ............................................................................ 4 Glossary ............................................................................................................ 11 Timeline: The Vietnam War and Surrounding Historical Events ................ 13 The History: Views on Vietnam ...................................................................... 19 The Context: A New Kind of War and a Nation Divided .............................. 23 Prisoners of War and Torture ......................................................................... 23 Voices of Prisoners of War ............................................................................... 24 POW Code of Conduct ..................................................................................... 27 Enlisted vs. Drafted Soldiers .......................................................................... 28 The American
    [Show full text]
  • Vietnam Primer
    VIETNAM PRIMER Primer by Michel Tosto, Institutional Sales +84 90 805 7002, [email protected] Company summaries by VinaSecurities Research Team +848 3827 8278, [email protected] August 2009 VinaSecurities SunWah Tower, 5F 115 Nguyen Hue, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam T: +848 3827 8278 F: +848 3827 8368 E: [email protected] W: www.vinasecurities.com Bloomberg: VNSC <GO> Institutional Sales Rob Hughes, Head of Brokerage Michel Tosto, Institutional Sales T: +848 3827 8278 F: +848 3827 8368 E: [email protected] Retail Sales Vu Dinh Tam, Head of Retail Hoang Thanh Le, Retail Sales & Trading T: +844 3936 6436 F: +844 3936 6430 E: [email protected] Equity Research Adrian Cundy, Head of Research - Conglomerates Bui Cam Van, Analyst - Consumers Dinh Thi Thuy Duong, Analyst - Energy & Transportation Doan Thi Van Anh, Analyst - Basic Materials Ho Hong Hai, Analyst - Financials T: +848 3827 8278 F: +848 3827 8368 E: [email protected] Corporate Finance Ngo Ha Linh, Equity Capital Markets Hoang Vu Binh, Debt Capital Markets T: +848 3827 8278 F: +848 3827 8368 E: [email protected] 1 2 Abbreviations Organisations ADB Asia Development Bank CIA Central Intelligence Agency (USA) GSO General Statistic Office (of Vietnam) IFC International Finance Corporation IMF International Monetary Fund MOF Ministry of Finance (of Vietnam) MPI Ministry of Planning and Investments (of Vietnam) SBV State Bank of Vietnam S&P Standard and Poor’s WTO World Trade Organisation Terms BTA Bilateral Trade Agreement FCY Foreign Currency FDI Foreign Direct Investments GDP Gross Domestic Product LCY Local Currency LT Long-Term NDF Non-Deliverable Forward VGB Vietnam Government Bonds YOY Year on year 3 4 Foreword Vietnam has been the second-fastest growing economy in Asia for the past ten years, second only to China, and has now entered the ranks of middle-income countries with a GDP per capita soaring from USD375 in 1999 to USD1,040 in 2008.
    [Show full text]
  • Governing COVID-19 in Vietnam: the Politics of Pandemic Control
    EUROPEAN POLICY BRIEF GOVERNING COVID -19 IN VIETNAM : THE POLITICS OF PANDEMIC CONTROL Đỗ Tá Khánh , Arve Hansen, Sigrid Wertheim -Heck 1 INTRODUCTION Vietnam achieved considerable success in combating the Covid-19 pandemic, with a low number of infections and deaths. This success is particularly impressive given the country’s limited resources and infrastructure, combined with its border, trade and investment relations with China. The politics of Vietnam’s success story has not received much attention internationally, and when it has, it has tended to focus on negative sides of this story, including intensified restrictions on individuals’ freedom of expression. Less attention has been given to the actual politics and policies of pandemic control. This policy brief aims to unpack the political response that contained the spread of the Covid-19 virus, focusing on three main factors of success: response time, political prioritization and political mobilization. EVIDENCE AND ANALYSIS Three main success factors The politics of Vietnam’s success against Covid-19 can be summarised in three main factors. First, response time. The government made quick decisions as soon as the virus threat was clear in China. Second, political prioritization. Top leaders gave high priority to confronting the virus, even at early stages of the pandemic. By deciding to treat the pandemic as a “war against the enemy” and to protect people’s health and lives rather than economic interests, the leadership sent a clear message to the public and the political apparatus. Third, political mobilization. The entire colossal political apparatus of Vietnam—from leading government officers to wards, villages and residential quarters—as well as society as a whole, was effectively mobilized to combat the pandemic.
    [Show full text]
  • Contributions to the Political Economy of Learning Jonathan D
    RISE Working Paper 21/062 February 2021 Outlier Vietnam and the Problem of Embeddedness: Contributions to the Political Economy of Learning Jonathan D. London Abstract Recent literature on the political economy of education highlights the role of political settlements, political commitments, and features of public governance in shaping education systems’ development and performance around learning. Vietnam’s experiences provide fertile ground for the critique and further development of this literature including, especially, its efforts to understand how features of accountability relations shape education systems’ performance across time and place. Globally, Vietnam is a contemporary outlier in education, having achieved rapid gains in enrolment and strong learning outcomes at relatively low levels of income. This paper proposes that beyond such felicitous conditions as economic growth and social historical and cultural elements that valorize education, Vietnam’s distinctive combination of Leninist political commitments to education and high levels of societal engagement in the education system often works to enhance accountability within the system in ways that contribute to the system’s coherence around learning; reflecting the sense and reality that Vietnam is a country in which education is a first national priority. Importantly, these alleged elements exist alongside other features that significantly undermine the system’s coherence and performance around learning. These include, among others, the system’s incoherent patterns of
    [Show full text]
  • Translation in Vietnam and Vietnam in Translation: Language, Culture, and Identity
    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Open Access Dissertations 9-2011 Translation in Vietnam and Vietnam in Translation: Language, Culture, and Identity Loc Quoc Pham University of Massachusetts Amherst, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations Part of the Comparative Literature Commons Recommended Citation Pham, Loc Quoc, "Translation in Vietnam and Vietnam in Translation: Language, Culture, and Identity" (2011). Open Access Dissertations. 476. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations/476 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TRANSLATION IN VIETNAM AND VIETNAM IN TRANSLATION: LANGUAGE, CULTURE, AND IDENTITY A Dissertation Presented by PHẠM QUỐC LỘC Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY September 2011 Comparative Literature © Copyright by Phạm Quốc Lộc 2011 All Rights Reserved TRANSLATION IN VIETNAM AND VIETNAM IN TRANSLATION: LANGUAGE, CULTURE, AND IDENTITY A Dissertation Presented by PHẠM QUỐC LỘC Approved as to style and content by: _______________________________________ Edwin Gentzler, Chair _______________________________________ Sara Lennox,
    [Show full text]
  • A New Approach to Explain Policy Reforms in Vietnam During Ðổi Mới by Developing and Validating a Major Policy Change Model for Vietnam
    Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses Winter 2-12-2013 A New Approach to Explain Policy Reforms in Vietnam during Ðổi Mới by Developing and Validating a Major Policy Change Model for Vietnam Huan Van Dang Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the Higher Education Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Dang, Huan Van, "A New Approach to Explain Policy Reforms in Vietnam during Ðổi Mới by Developing and Validating a Major Policy Change Model for Vietnam" (2013). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 611. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.611 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. A New Approach to Explain Policy Reforms in Vietnam during ðổi M ới by Developing and Validating a Major Policy Change Model for Vietnam by Huan Van Dang A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Public Affairs and Policy Dissertation Committee: Craig Shinn, Chair Douglas Morgan Marcus Ingle Bruce Gilley John Gallup Portland State University 2013 Copyright © 2012 Huan Van Dang Abstract The Renovation Program - ðổi M ới in Vietnam since 1986 have posed a puzzling policy question: why have some policy areas experienced radical changes while others have experienced only limited and incremental changes? This policy puzzle provided the focus for this dissertation in which a model of major policy change was developed to provide a new way of explaining the policy reforms in Vietnam over the past two decades.
    [Show full text]
  • Vietnamese and Vietnamese-American
    Vietnamese and Vietnamese-American Dr. EunMi Cho 유은미 您恩美 [email protected] California State University, Sacramento History of Vietnam Vietnam has been colonized by the Chinese and the French. The French colonized Vietnam and made it a territory of French Indochina. This paved its way for French influence in culture, architect, food and education system; they remained in power until WWII. Taoism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Roman Catholicism, Hao Hao, Islam, Protestantism, Animism play a significant part in Vietnam because of the influences by the Chinese and the French. History of Vietnam Ho Chi Minh, a political figure, started the Vietnam front in the northern Vietnam called the Viet Minh which divided the country into communist/socialist north referred to as the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh, wanting to unify the country into one communist country, gathered the Vietnam War which takes place in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia). This occurred November 1, 1955 – April 30, 1975 when Saigon fell to the north. The Soviet Union backed the communist north. History of Vietnam U.S. Americans backed the south but left Vietnam in 1973 because of the 1973 Paris Agreement. After the fall of Saigon, President Ford issued 130,000 refugees to enter the U.S. (125,000 of whom were Vietnamese); this was known as the first way of refugees from 1975– 1978 composed of middle-class elite. In the late 1970s, a second wave of Vietnamese refugees entered the United States in what became known as the “boat people” refugee crisis. The third wave entered the United States throughout the 1980s and 1990s; unlike earlier arrivals, this group contained fewer refugees and included thousands of Vietnamese Amerasians (children of U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Developments in Myanmar and Vietnam
    Trends in Southeast Asia Series: 6(2003) Political Developments in Myanmar and Vietnam Kyaw Yin Hlaing David Koh POLITICAL IMPASSE IN MYANMAR Kyaw Yin Hlaing Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, National University of Singapore POLITICS IN VIETNAM — IN SEARCH OF INTEREST David Koh Fellow, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies These edited papers were originally delivered on 24 July 2003 at the Forum on “Regional Strategic and Political Developments” ISEAS DOCUMENT DELIVERY SERVICE. This version was obtained electronically direct from the publisher on condition that copyright is not infringed. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the prior permission of the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 30 Heng Mui Keng Terrace, SINGAPORE 119614. <http://bookshop.iseas.edu.sg> Published by Institute of Southeast Asian Studies 30 Heng Mui Keng Terrace Pasir Panjang Singapore 119614 E-mail: [email protected] World Wide Web: http://www.iseas.edu.sg/pub.html All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. © 2003 Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore The responsibility for facts and opinions expressed in this publication rests exclusively with the author, and his/her interpretations do not necessarily reflect the views or the policy of the Institute or its supporters. ISSN 0219-3213 August 2003 About the Speaker Kyaw Yin Hlaing is an Assistant Professor in Political Science at the National University of Singapore. He received his Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Embassy of Viet Nam
    EMBASSY OF VIET NAM Press and I nformotion Servite AD4- 3301 Washington D.C. 2200 Ka loramo Rood N. W. -~ VOL. 1 NO. 11 ~y 27 1955 CONTENTS NATIONAL AFFAIRS: -Premier Ngo dinh Diem Broadcasts to North Viet Nam -Premier Presides over Ceremony Integrating the Imperial Guard into the National Army -Roving Ambassador of Viet Nam in ..t:i:urope; Mr. Ngo dinh Luyen discusses situation in South Viet Nam -Soil from North Viet Nam sent to Saigon -General Association of Nationalist Students Established -Catholic Assistance Congress in Paris MILITARY NEWS : -General Survey of the Military Situation in North, Central and South VietNam -National. Army Troops take over Communist Zone -National Army and Binh Xuyen losses ·since April 28th FGREIGN AFFAIRS: -Statement on Viet Nam The Honorable John Foster Dulles Premier Edgar Faure The Honorable Malcolm MacDonald VOL. 1 NO. 11 - 1 - PRESS & INFORMATION S£RVICE PREMIER NGO DINH DIEM BRCADCASTS TO NORTH VIET NAlvf: SAIGON: In a radio broadcast directed to the provinces in the North controlled by the Viet Minh, Premier Ngo dinh Diem assured the people that they have been only "provisionally abandoned" to communism. He pledged that the govern­ ment would fight for their freedom and the reunification of the country. "The Government and the people, " he said, '' are determined to pursue the struggle for the return of North Viet Nam, provisionally abandoned to the Viet Minh." PREMIER DIEM PRESIDES OVER CEREMONY INTEGRATING THE IMPERIAL GUARD INTO THE NATIONAL ARMY: SAIGON: Premier Ngo dinh Diem traveled to Dalat accompanied by General Le van Ty, General Chief of Staff of the Vietnamese Armed Forces to preside personally over the ceremonies integrating the Imperial Guard("NGU LAM QUAN") into the National Army.
    [Show full text]