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A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The
BECOMING ONE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NATIONAL UNIFICATION IN VIETNAM, YEMEN AND GERMANY A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Conflict Resolution By Min Jung Kim, B.A. Washington, DC May 1, 2009 I owe my most sincere gratitude to my thesis advisor Kevin Doak, Ph.D. for his guidance and support and to Aviel Roshwald, Ph.D. and Tristan Mabry, Ph.D. for detailed and constructive comments. Min Jung Kim ii BECOMING ONE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NATIONAL UNIFICATION IN VIETNAM, YEMEN AND GERMANY Min Jung Kim, B.A. Thesis Advisor: Kevin M. Doak, Ph.D. ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to understand the dynamic processes of modern national unification cases in Vietnam (1976), Yemen (1990) and Germany (1990) in a qualitative manner within the framework of Amitai Etizoni’s political integration theory. There has been little use of this theory in cases of inter-state unification despite its apparent applicability. This study assesses different factors (military force, utilitarian and identitive factors) that influence unification in order to understand which were most supportive of unification and which resulted in a consolidation unification in the early to intermediate stages. In order to answer the above questions, the thesis uses the level of integration as a dependent variable and the various methods of unification as independent variables. The dependent variables are measured as follows: whether unified states were able to protect its territory from potential violence and secessions and to what extent alienation emerged amongst its members. -
Missing Men: Differential Effects of War and Socialism on Female Labour Force Participation in Vietnam
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Kreibaum, Merle; Klasen, Stephan Working Paper Missing men: Differential effects of war and socialism on female labour force participation in Vietnam Discussion Papers, No. 181 Provided in Cooperation with: Courant Research Centre 'Poverty, Equity and Growth in Developing and Transition Countries', University of Göttingen Suggested Citation: Kreibaum, Merle; Klasen, Stephan (2015) : Missing men: Differential effects of war and socialism on female labour force participation in Vietnam, Discussion Papers, No. 181, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Courant Research Centre - Poverty, Equity and Growth (CRC-PEG), Göttingen This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/112748 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) -
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The Heinrich Boell Foundation (HBF), affiliated with the Green Party and headquartered in Berlin, is a legally independent political foundation working in the spirit of intellectual openness. Its activities encompass more than 130 projects in 60 countries that have been developed with local partners. The Foundation's primary objective is to support political education both within Germany and abroad, thus promoting democratic involvement, socio-political activism, and cross-cultural understanding. The Foundation also provides support for art and culture, science and research, and developmental co- operation. HBF's activities are guided by the fundamental political values of ecology, democracy, solidarity, and non-violence. The German Institute for International and Security Affairs of the Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP) is an independent scientific establishment that conducts practically oriented research on the basis of which it then advises the Bundestag (the German parliament) and the federal government on foreign and security policy issues. A traditional Myanmarese/Burmese painting (circa 1880) depicting the King and Queen holding a For further information please visit: 'Hluttaw' or parliament meeting with four Chief Ministers and other palace officials in the absence of their www.boell.de subjects or representatives. www.swp-berlin.de (Victoria and Albert Museum, Great Britain; http://www.vam.ac.uk/) Active Citizens Under Political Wraps: Experiences from Myanmar/Burma and Vietnam Active Citizens Under Political Wraps: Experiences from Myanmar/Burma and Vietnam Edited by the Heinrich Boell Foundation Southeast Asia Regional Office First edition, Thailand, Chiang Mai 2006 © Heinrich-Boell-Stiftung Photo Front Page: Traditional Myanmarese/Burmese painting (parabeik), circa 1880 © Photo Back Page: Martin Grossheim Printing: Santipab Pack-Print, Chiang Mai, Thailand Copyeditors: Zarni, JaneeLee Cherneski, Yong-Min (Markus) Jo ISBN 974-94978-3-X Contact Address: Heinrich Boell Foundation Southeast Asia Regional Office P.O. -
The Russian Revolutions: the Impact and Limitations of Western Influence
Dickinson College Dickinson Scholar Faculty and Staff Publications By Year Faculty and Staff Publications 2003 The Russian Revolutions: The Impact and Limitations of Western Influence Karl D. Qualls Dickinson College Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.dickinson.edu/faculty_publications Part of the European History Commons Recommended Citation Qualls, Karl D., "The Russian Revolutions: The Impact and Limitations of Western Influence" (2003). Dickinson College Faculty Publications. Paper 8. https://scholar.dickinson.edu/faculty_publications/8 This article is brought to you for free and open access by Dickinson Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Karl D. Qualls The Russian Revolutions: The Impact and Limitations of Western Influence After the collapse of the Soviet Union, historians have again turned their attention to the birth of the first Communist state in hopes of understanding the place of the Soviet period in the longer sweep of Russian history. Was the USSR an aberration from or a consequence of Russian culture? Did the Soviet Union represent a retreat from westernizing trends in Russian history, or was the Bolshevik revolution a product of westernization? These are vexing questions that generate a great deal of debate. Some have argued that in the late nineteenth century Russia was developing a middle class, representative institutions, and an industrial economy that, while although not as advanced as those in Western Europe, were indications of potential movement in the direction of more open government, rule of law, free market capitalism. Only the Bolsheviks, influenced by an ideology imported, paradoxically, from the West, interrupted this path of Russian political and economic westernization. -
Title: the Emerge of Constitutional Government in Vietnam Author: Pham Duy Nghia
Title: The Emerge of Constitutional Government in Vietnam Author: Pham Duy Nghia This paper has been submitted to the conference ‘Vietnam: political and economic challenges and opportunities’ at the Australian National University on 3 October 2019 This is a preliminary version. It is not for quoting or citations. Do not remove this note. The Emerge of Constitutional Government in Vietnam Pham Duy Nghia* “In order to institutionalize the Party program to build Socialism, we the people of Vietnam, make this Constitution”. Preamble 2013 Constitution of Vietnam I. Introductory Overview Long synonymous as war, since 1986 transformed from one of the poorest countries into a low middle-income country, Vietnam is now one of the most dynamic emerging countries in the world1. With 95 million population, reaching the development level compatible to the Philippines or Egypt2, Vietnam is home for millions of private business and an attractive destination for foreign direct investment. The life of million Vietnamese was improved, poverty significantly reduced, by 2035 more than half of Vietnamese population are projected to join ranks of global middle class with consumption of $15 a day or more3. Aggressively integrated into the global economy, Vietnam is party of dozen free trade agreements, including Vietnam-EU, Vietnam-Japan, and CP- TPP4. In regard of trade openness, Vietnam ranks globally the fifth among the most open economies in the world, just following Luxembourg, Hongkong, Singapore, and Ireland5, with total trade more than double the size of its GDP. In contrast to rapid changes in dismantling the command economy and embracing market reforms, the political system undergone less visible evolution. -
The Communist Party of Great Britain Since 1920 Also by David Renton
The Communist Party of Great Britain since 1920 Also by David Renton RED SHIRTS AND BLACK: Fascism and Anti-Fascism in Oxford in the ‘Thirties FASCISM: Theory and Practice FASCISM, ANTI-FASCISM AND BRITAIN IN THE 1940s THE TWENTIETH CENTURY: A Century of Wars and Revolutions? (with Keith Flett) SOCIALISM IN LIVERPOOL: Episodes in a History of Working-Class Struggle THIS ROUGH GAME: Fascism and Anti-Fascism in European History MARX ON GLOBALISATION CLASSICAL MARXISM: Socialist Theory and the Second International The Communist Party of Great Britain since 1920 James Eaden and David Renton © James Eaden and David Renton 2002 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2002 978-0-333-94968-9 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2002 by PALGRAVE Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE is the new global academic imprint of St. -
STUDY GUIDE Prepared by Maren Robinson, Dramaturg
by Susan Felder directed by William Brown STUDY GUIDE Prepared by Maren Robinson, Dramaturg This Study Guide for Wasteland was prepared by Maren Robinson and edited by Kerri Hunt and Lara Goetsch for TimeLine Theatre, its patrons and educational outreach. Please request permission to use these materials for any subsequent production. © TimeLine Theatre 2012 — STUDY GUIDE — Table of Contents About the Playwright ........................................................................................ 3 About the Play ................................................................................................... 3 The Interview: Susan Felder ............................................................................ 4 Glossary ............................................................................................................ 11 Timeline: The Vietnam War and Surrounding Historical Events ................ 13 The History: Views on Vietnam ...................................................................... 19 The Context: A New Kind of War and a Nation Divided .............................. 23 Prisoners of War and Torture ......................................................................... 23 Voices of Prisoners of War ............................................................................... 24 POW Code of Conduct ..................................................................................... 27 Enlisted vs. Drafted Soldiers .......................................................................... 28 The American -
Doi Moi in Review: the Challenges of Building Market Socialism in Vietnam
Journal of Contemporary Asia V\ Routledge Vol. 38, No. 2, May 2008, pp. 221-243 ^^ Ta,,o,.F™.>ao Doi Moi in Review: The Challenges of Building Market Socialism in Vietnam MELANIE BERESFORD Division of Economic & Financial Studies, Macquarie University. Sydney, Auslraiia ABSTRACT TWO decades ago the Vietnamese Communist Party embarked on a transformation from eentralplanning towards a "socialist market economy under state guidance." It looked to East Asian development models, particularly the role of state enterprises (SEs), combined with the creation of a "civilised and equitable" society. The article argues that, in the case of SEs, the state's inability, especially under donor pressure, to provide crucial investment support to the SEs meant that foreign investors and the domestic non-state sector began to dominate the economic landscape. While state-led development remains feasible, it requires a clear and more authorita- tive industry policy; otherwise, the balance of interventionism could eventually tip towards crony- ism. Eurther, the vagueness of the term "civilised and equitable" society leaves open both conformity with the post-Washington consensus and the possibility to achieve more aggressive re- distributive measures, including redistribution of power. In practice, inclusion in and exclusion from successful public-private networks has been crucial for the capacity of individuals to parti- cipate in the rising prosperity of the market economy and has driven a process of rising regional inequality and the emergence of a new social class structure. KEY WORDS: East Asian development, socialism, distribution of income, industry policy, transition economies At its 6"^ National Congress in December 1986, Vietnam's Communist Party made a decisive step to abandon the central planning model of socialism and to adopt a "market-oriented socialist economy under state guidance" - also known as Doi Moi (Renovation). -
The Rise of Communism in China∗
The Rise of Communism in China∗ Ting CHENy James Kai-sing KUNGz This version, December 2020 Abstract We show that the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) experienced significantly faster growth in counties occupied by the Japanese Army than those garrisoned by the Kuomingtang (KMT) during the Sino-Japanese War (c. 1940-45), using the density of middle-to-upper rank Communist cadres (5.4%) and the size of the guerilla base (10.3%) as proxies. The struggle for survival and humiliation caused by wartime sex crimes are the channels through which the CCP ascended to power. We also find that people who live in former Japanese- occupied counties today are significantly more nationalistic and exhibit greater trust in the government than those who reside elsewhere. Keywords: Communist Revolution, Peasant Nationalism, Struggle for Survival, Humilia- tion and Hatred, Puppet Troops, China JEL Classification Nos.: D74, F51, F52, N45 ∗We thank seminar participants at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, and National University of Singapore for helpful comments and suggestions. James Kung acknowledges the financial support of the Research Grants Council (RGC) of Hong Kong (GRF No. 17505519) and Sein and Isaac Soude Endowment. We are solely responsible for any remaining errors. yTing Chen, Department of Economics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Renfrew Road, Hong Kong. Email: [email protected]. Phone: +852-34117546. Fax: +852-34115580. zJames Kai-sing KUNG, Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong. Email: [email protected]. Phone: +852-39177764. Fax: +852-28585614. 1 Introduction \Precisely because of the Japanese Imperial Army, which had occupied a large part of China, making Chinese people nowhere to go; once they understood, they began taking up arm- struggle, resulting in the establishment of many counter-Japanese military bases, thereby creating favorable conditions for the coming war of liberation. -
Marxism-Leninism in the History of North Korean Ideology, 1945-1989
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles From Soviet Origins to Chuch’e: Marxism-Leninism in the History of North Korean Ideology, 1945-1989 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Asian Languages and Cultures by Thomas Stock 2018 © Copyright by Thomas Stock 2018 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION From Soviet Origins to Chuch’e: Marxism-Leninism in the History of North Korean Ideology, 1945-1989 by Thomas Stock Doctor of Philosophy in Asian Languages and Cultures University of California, Los Angeles, 2018 Professor Namhee Lee, Chair Where lie the origins of North Korean ideology? When, why, and to what extent did North Korea eventually pursue a path of ideological independence from Soviet Marxism- Leninism? Scholars typically answer these interrelated questions by referencing Korea’s historical legacies, such as Chosŏn period Confucianism, colonial subjugation, and Kim Il Sung’s guerrilla experience. The result is a rather localized understanding of North Korean ideology and its development, according to which North Korean ideology was rooted in native soil and, on the basis of this indigenousness, inevitably developed in contradistinction to Marxism-Leninism. Drawing on Eastern European archival materials and North Korean theoretical journals, the present study challenges our conventional views about North Korean ideology. Throughout the Cold War, North Korea was possessed by a world spirit, a Marxist- Leninist world spirit. Marxism-Leninism was North Korean ideology’s Promethean clay. From ii adherence to Soviet ideological leadership in the 1940s and 50s, to declarations of ideological independence in the 1960s, to the emergence of chuch’e philosophy in the 1970s and 80s, North Korea never severed its ties with the Marxist-Leninist tradition. -
Women and Communist China Under Mao Zedong: Seeds of Gender Equality Michael Wielink
WOMEN AND COMMUNIST CHINA UNDER MAO ZEDONG: SEEDS OF GENDER EQUALITY MICHAEL WIELINK The mid twentieth century was a tumultuous and transformative period in the history of China. Following over two decades of civil and international war, Mao Zedong and the Communist Party seized control and established the People’s Republic of China on October 1, 1949. Mao Zedong’s famed political slogan “Women Hold Up Half The Sky”1 was powerful rhetoric, with the apparent emphasis on gender equality and inferred concepts of equality and sameness. Women did not achieve equality with men, nor did they attain egalitarian self- determination or social autonomy. Mao envisaged “women’s equality” as a dynamic force with an indelible power to help build a Chinese Communist State. An in-depth investigation into the social, cultural, and economic roles of women, both rural and urban, illustrates how women inextricably worked within Mao’s Communist nation-building efforts to slowly erode gender inequalities. While full gender equality never came to fruition, this era allowed women to experience a broad range of experiences, which ultimately contained the seeds of change toward breaking down gender stratification. Viewed through this lens, a window of understanding opens up about gender dynamics in Mao’s China and how the first cracks in gender inequality appeared in China. Perhaps the best starting point is to understand the social status of women in China prior to the Communist Revolution. Chinese women, not unlike women in most cultures, have historically suffered as a result of their comparatively low status. The Confucian philosophy (551-479 B.C.E) of “filial piety” produced a deep rooted and systematic gender inequality for women in China. -
The Growing Salience of Online Vietnamese Nationalism
THE GROWING SALIENCE OF ONLINE VIETNAMESE NATIONALISM Dien Nguyen An Luong TRENDS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA ISSN 0219-3213 TRS11/21s ISSUE ISBN 978-981-4951-89-0 30 Heng Mui Keng Terrace 11 Singapore 119614 http://bookshop.iseas.edu.sg 9 789814 951890 2021 TRENDS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA 21-J07715 01 Trends_2021-11.indd 1 31/5/21 3:17 PM The ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute (formerly Institute of Southeast Asian Studies) is an autonomous organization established in 1968. It is a regional centre dedicated to the study of socio-political, security, and economic trends and developments in Southeast Asia and its wider geostrategic and economic environment. The Institute’s research programmes are grouped under Regional Economic Studies (RES), Regional Strategic and Political Studies (RSPS), and Regional Social and Cultural Studies (RSCS). The Institute is also home to the ASEAN Studies Centre (ASC), the Singapore APEC Study Centre and the Temasek History Research Centre (THRC). ISEAS Publishing, an established academic press, has issued more than 2,000 books and journals. It is the largest scholarly publisher of research about Southeast Asia from within the region. ISEAS Publishing works with many other academic and trade publishers and distributors to disseminate important research and analyses from and about Southeast Asia to the rest of the world. 21-J07715 01 Trends_2021-11.indd 2 31/5/21 3:17 PM THE GROWING SALIENCE OF ONLINE VIETNAMESE NATIONALISM Dien Nguyen An Luong ISSUE 11 2021 21-J07715 01 Trends_2021-11.indd 3 31/5/21 3:17 PM Published by: ISEAS Publishing 30 Heng Mui Keng Terrace Singapore 119614 [email protected] http://bookshop.iseas.edu.sg © 2021 ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute, Singapore All rights reserved.