DOCSLIB.ORG

Global Initiative on Out-Of-School Children 2 Mara Region Case Study Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Global Initiative on Out-Of-School Children 2 Mara Region Case Study Report The United Republic of Global Initiative on Tanzania Out-of-School Children Ministry of Education Science and Technology TANZANIA MARA REGION CASE STUDY REPORT MARCH 2018 Acknowledgment 1 Acknowledgement The Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MOEST) and UNICEF would like to express gratitude to Muhammad Q Hasan PhD, the UNICEF consultant for this Out- of-School Study and his co-worker Dr Jie Zhang, former Lecturer of University of Essex and a former UNICEF consultant, for their strong technical knowledge and analytical skills in bringing to light the profiles, barriers, bottlenecks and policy issues affecting children and adolescents out of school. Muhammad Hasan is also acknowledged for the technical support that he provided to Dar es Salaam University College of Education in the conduct of the Case study in Mara Region and qualitative assessment of the out-of-school children. Dar es Salaam University College of Education was responsible for the qualitative assessment of the out-of-school children and conduct of the case study in Mara to assess the social cultural practices that keep children out of school. Thus, immense gratitude is also due to the research team from the Dar es Salaam University College of Education (DUCE) namely, Professor Sam Magimbi, Professor Maurice Mbago, Dr Consolata Chua, Dr Christina Raphael, Dr Julius Mngumi and Mr Rodrick Ndomba, who led the qualitative component of the study in seven regions supported by the international consultant with whom the team interacted on a continuous basis. This interaction not only reinforced national capacities but also helped us to understand some of the complex contextual issues affecting out-of-school children in Tanzania. Gratitude is also due to the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Education, Science and Technology and all the members of the technical reference group formed in the Ministry for the study. Thanks is especially due to Mr John Senzighe, at the Department of Policy and Planning who was the main contact point at the Ministry and helped the consultant in every aspect of the project. Furthermore, thanks are also due to Ms. Cecilia Baldeh, Chief of Education and Dr Ayoub Kafyulilo, Education Specialist, UNICEF Tanzania, who provided the necessary technical, logistical and financial support on behalf of UNICEF. MARCH 2016 Global Initiative on Out-of-School Children 2 Mara Region case study report CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 4 1. Introduction 4 1.1. Mara Region administrative structure 4 1.2. Social and cultural characteristics of Mara Region 6 1.3. Economic characteristics of Mara Region 9 1.4. An overview of OOSC in Mara Region 9 1.5. The case study and its objectives 11 1.6. Organization of the Report 11 CHAPTER TWO METHODOLOGY 12 2. Introduction 12 2.1. Case study area 12 2.2. Respondents 12 2.3. Data collection procedure 15 2.4. Interviews 16 2.5. Observations 16 2.6. Ethical considerations in the case study 16 2.7. Data analysis 17 2.8. Summary 17 FINDINGS CHAPTER THREE DEMAND SIDE BARRIERS TO SCHOOL Socio-cultural and economic contexts 18 3. Introduction 18 3.1. Social structure 18 3.1.1. Weak nuclear family 18 3.1.2. Serial marriages 18 3.1.3. Orphanhood, single parent, grandparent, and child-headed families 19 3.1.4. Extreme patriarchy and exaggerated masculinity 20 3.1.5. Child transfer from one school to another 20 3.1.6. Peer pressure 20 3.2. Cultural context 21 3.2.1 Cattle culture 22 3.2.2. FGM 22 3.2.3. Male circumcision 23 3.2.4. Bride wealth, early marriage, and teenage pregnancy 24 3.2.5. Witchcraft beliefs and superstition 24 3.2.6. Tribal ceremonies 24 3.2.7. Interest in schooling 25 3.2.8. Attitude towards children with disabilities 25 3.3. Economic structure 25 3.3.1. Poverty 25 3.3.2. Child labour 26 3.3.3. Indirect cost of schooling 27 3.4. Summary 27 Contents 3 CONTENTS CHAPTER FOUR SUPPLY SIDE BARRIERS TO SCHOOLING 28 4. Introduction 28 4.1. Inadequate and poor school infrastructure and facilities 28 4.2. Inadequate funds and resources in schools 29 4.3. Lack of teacher motivation leading to low morale 30 4.4. Distance to school 31 4.5. School safety 33 4.6. Provision of meals in schools 34 4.7. Curriculum, job skills, and positive socio-cultural values 35 4.8. Summary 35 CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSIONS 36 5. Conclusion 36 5.1. Summary of the main findings 36 5.5.1. Demand side social cultural barriers to schooling 36 5.5.2. Demand side economic barriers to schooling 37 5.5.3. Supply side barriers to schooling 37 5.5.4. Policies, governance, and financing school 37 APPENDICES 38 Children interview questions 42 Head teachers, teachers and members of school committees’ interview 45 Village leaders, key informers, parents/caretakers of OOSC, children at risk of dropping out of school, children with disabilities 48 District education officers interview 50 Informed consent form for parents/guardians of children taking part in interviews 51 Consent form for interview schedules 52 Global Initiative on Out-of-School Children 4 Mara Region case study report CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1. Introduction This case study presents information on social cultural covered mainly by Lake Victoria. This leaves a total land and economic factors for OOSC in Mara Region. Chapter area of 19,566 square kilometres. According to 2012 One provides background information about the study census the region has the population of about 1,743,830 area. The chapter is divided into sections in which section inhabitants (840,020 males, 903,810 females). Mara one presents the administrative structure of Mara Region, Region borders with Kenya in the North, Uganda across section two, social and cultural characteristics of the Lake Victoria, in the north, Kagera across Lake Victoria, in region, section three presents economic characteristics the West, Arusha Region and Manyara Region in the East, of the region, section four, an overview of OOSC, section Simiyu Region in the south and Mwanza Region in the five presents the case study and its objectives, and South west (Figure 1.1). section six outlines the organization of the report. The region has eight Administrative Local Government 1.1. Mara Region administrative structure Authorities; these include Bunda District Council, Musoma District Council, Musoma Municipal Council, Administratively Mara Region is located near the Butiama District Council, Serengeti District Council, northwestern corner of Tanzania on the eastern shores of Tarime District Council, Tarime Town Council and Rorya Lake Victoria. It has an area of 30,150 square kilometres District Council. The region has 20 Divisions, 119 Wards and; of this, 10,584 square kilometres is water body and 409 villages. FIGURE 1.1 Uganda Map of Mara Region Kenya Rwanda Burundi Kenya Lake Victoria Democratic Republic of the Congo Rorya Musoma Tarime Urban Zambia Malawi Butiama Mozambique Musoma Rural Mara Bunda Serengeti Tanzania Chapter one 5 TABLE 1.1 Secondary schools in Mara Region by districts Administrative O level Only O level & A level Grand A level Only Grand District Govt Pvt. Total Govt Pvt. Total Total Govt Pvt. Total Total Bunda DC 25 6 31 1 2 3 34 0 0 0 34 Butiama DC 18 5 23 0 0 0 23 2 0 2 25 Musoma RD 16 2 18 1 0 1 19 0 0 0 19 Musoma UD 15 5 20 3 2 5 25 0 0 0 25 Serengeti DC 19 4 23 2 0 2 25 0 0 0 25 Tarime RD 26 1 27 2 0 2 29 0 0 0 29 Tarime UD 7 2 9 1 0 1 10 0 0 0 10 Rorya DC 27 2 29 0 1 1 30 0 0 0 30 Total 153 27 180 10 5 15 195 2 0 2 197 DC=District Council, RD=Rural District, UD=Urban District, Govt=Government, Pvt.=Private Source: Quarterly SEDP Report (URT, 2015) The region has both government and private schools at TABLE 1.2 primary and secondary levels of education. Secondary Pre-primary and primary schools in Mara Region schools fall into three main categories – O level only, A level only, and those which combine A level and O level. Administrative Pre-primary Primary The recent quarterly report on the implementation of District Govt Pvt. Total Govt Pvt. Total SEDP and PEDP in the region shows that there are 197 Bunda DC 160 6 166 160 6 166 secondary schools in the region. Out of 197 secondary Butiama DC 85 2 87 85 2 87 schools, 180 schools are O level only (153 public and 27 Musoma RD 108 0 108 108 0 108 private) (URT, 20151). The remaining 17 secondary schools comprise two public A level only, and 15 which combine Musoma UD 38 8 46 38 8 46 O level and A level; five of these secondary schools are Serengeti DC 109 4 113 109 4 113 private. This data is summarized in Table 1.1. Tarime RD 104 11 115 104 11 115 Tarime UD 27 6 33 27 5 32 The region has 793 pre-primary schools – 751 public and Rorya DC 120 5 125 120 5 125 42 private. The region has 792 primary schools – 751 Total 751 42 793 751 41 792 public and 41 private. The distribution of the pre-primary and primary schools is illustrated in Table 1.2. DC=District Council, RD=Rural District, It can be noted that where there are urban and rural UD=Urban District, Govt=government, Pvt.=private districts, the number of schools in rural districts Source: Quarterly PEDP Report (URT, 20152) outnumbers those in urban districts by far.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2019 Tanzania in Figures
    2019 Tanzania in Figures The United Republic of Tanzania 2019 TANZANIA IN FIGURES National Bureau of Statistics Dodoma June 2020 H. E. Dr. John Pombe Joseph Magufuli President of the United Republic of Tanzania “Statistics are very vital in the development of any country particularly when they are of good quality since they enable government to understand the needs of its people, set goals and formulate development programmes and monitor their implementation” H.E. Dr. John Pombe Joseph Magufuli the President of the United Republic of Tanzania at the foundation stone-laying ceremony for the new NBS offices in Dodoma December, 2017. What is the importance of statistics in your daily life? “Statistical information is very important as it helps a person to do things in an organizational way with greater precision unlike when one does not have. In my business, for example, statistics help me know where I can get raw materials, get to know the number of my customers and help me prepare products accordingly. Indeed, the numbers show the trend of my business which allows me to predict the future. My customers are both locals and foreigners who yearly visit the region. In June every year, I gather information from various institutions which receive foreign visitors here in Dodoma. With estimated number of visitors in hand, it gives me ample time to prepare products for my clients’ satisfaction. In terms of my daily life, Statistics help me in understanding my daily household needs hence make proper expenditures.” Mr. Kulwa James Zimba, Artist, Sixth street Dodoma.”. What is the importance of statistics in your daily life? “Statistical Data is useful for development at family as well as national level because without statistics one cannot plan and implement development plans properly.
    [Show full text]
  • Mara Swamp and Musoma Bay Fisheries Assessment Report Mara River Basin, Tanzania
    Mara Swamp and Musoma Bay Fisheries Assessment Report Mara River Basin, Tanzania Mkindo River Catchment, Wami RivrBasin, Tanzania |i Integrated Management of Coastal and Freshwater Systems Program Fisheries in Mara Swamp and Musoma Bay Baseline Survey of Fisheries Resources in the Mara Swamp and Musoma Bay Mara River Basin, Tanzania Mara Basin, Tanzania Fisheries in Mara Swamp and Musoma Bay Funding for this publication was provided by the people of the United States of America through the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), as a component of the Integrated Management of Coastal and Freshwater Systems Leader with Associates (LWA) Agreement No. EPP-A-00-04-00015-00. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Agency for International Development of the United States Government or Florida International University. Copyright © Global Water for Sustainability Program – Florida International University This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. No use of the publication may be made for resale or for any commercial purposes whatsoever without the prior permission in writing from the Florida International University - Global Water for Sustainability Program. Any inquiries can be addressed to the same at the following address: Global Water for Sustainability Program Florida International University Biscayne Bay Campus 3000 NE 151 St. ACI-267 North Miami, FL 33181 USA Email: [email protected] Website: www.globalwaters.net For bibliographic purposes, this document should be cited as: Baseline Survey of Fisheries Resources in the Mara Swamp and Musoma Bay, Mara6 Basin, Tanzania.
    [Show full text]
  • FP Allocation in 3 Districts Mara
    HEALTH PROMOTION TANZANIA (HDT) Three Rural Districts Allocate $20,700 for Family Planning in Tanzania Three rural districts in Mara Region of Tanzania with lowest contraceptive prevalence rates in the country have made budget allocations for family planning totaling US $20,700. This results from advocacy that was led by local Advance Family Planning partner Health Promotion Tanzania (HDT) in Serengeti District and Tarime Town Councils who allocated fund from their own sources for the first time while Musoma Rural District Council surpassing double their family planning allocation from the previous year (2014/15). The district-level engagement resulted in commitments for family planning budget allocations which were approved during the parliamentary budget session of May-June 2015. Approximately $10,588 from Serengeti District Council, $7,647 from Musoma Rural District Council, and $2,529 from Tarime Town Council were approved. HDT engaged in the three district level advocacy through a series of activities that began in August 2014. They first collaborated with technical teams in the district medical offices to conduct needs assessment across the focus districts to establish evidence for family planning needs and develop messaging. In September, HDT met with district council AFP team in discussion with DMOs of seven Disricts from leadership to prioritize investment in Mara Region family planning through meetings with District Planning Officers and Secretaries to the District Councils and presenting proposals to the Council Committees for Social Services. HDT also organized a regional meeting bringing together all districts in the region to present data from the three focus districts and engage health team members to do the same.
    [Show full text]
  • LAKE VICTORIA Commercial Agriculture –Especiallycoffee Andcotton–Are Increasingly Important
    © Lonely Planet Publications 240 Lake Victoria LAKE VICTORIA Lake Victoria is Africa’s largest lake, and the second-largest freshwater lake in the world. While the Tanzanian portion sees only a trickle of tourists, the region holds many attractions for those who have a bent for the offbeat and who want to immerse themselves in the rhythms of local life. At the Bujora Cultural Centre near Mwanza, you can learn Sukuma dancing and get acquainted with the culture of Tanzania’s largest tribal group. Further north at Butiama is the Nyerere museum, an essential stop for anyone interested in the great statesman. Musoma and Bukoba – both with a sleepy, waterside charm – are ideal places for getting a taste of lakeshore life. Bukoba is also notable as the heartland of the Haya people, who had one of the most highly developed early societies on the continent. Mwanza, to the southeast, is Tanzania’s second largest city after Dar es Salaam, and an increasingly popular jumping off point for safaris into the Serengeti’s Western Corridor. To the southwest is Rubondo Island National Park for bird-watching and relaxing. The best way to explore the lake region is as part of a larger loop combining Uganda and/or Kenya with Tanzania’s northern circuit via the western Serengeti, although you’ll need time, and a tolerance for rough roads. While most accommodation is no-frills, there are a few idyllic getaways – notably on Rubondo and Lukuba Islands, and near Mwanza. Most locals you’ll meet rely on fishing and small-scale farming for their living, although industry and commercial agriculture – especially coffee and cotton – are increasingly important.
    [Show full text]
  • Eastern Africa: Security and the Legacy of Fragility
    Eastern Africa: Security and the Legacy of Fragility Africa Program Working Paper Series Gilbert M. Khadiagala OCTOBER 2008 INTERNATIONAL PEACE INSTITUTE Cover Photo: Elderly women receive ABOUT THE AUTHOR emergency food aid, Agok, Sudan, May 21, 2008. ©UN Photo/Tim GILBERT KHADIAGALA is Jan Smuts Professor of McKulka. International Relations and Head of Department, The views expressed in this paper University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South represent those of the author and Africa. He is the co-author with Ruth Iyob of Sudan: The not necessarily those of IPI. IPI Elusive Quest for Peace (Lynne Rienner 2006) and the welcomes consideration of a wide range of perspectives in the pursuit editor of Security Dynamics in Africa’s Great Lakes of a well-informed debate on critical Region (Lynne Rienner 2006). policies and issues in international affairs. Africa Program Staff ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS John L. Hirsch, Senior Adviser IPI owes a great debt of thanks to the generous contrib- Mashood Issaka, Senior Program Officer utors to the Africa Program. Their support reflects a widespread demand for innovative thinking on practical IPI Publications Adam Lupel, Editor solutions to continental challenges. In particular, IPI and Ellie B. Hearne, Publications Officer the Africa Program are grateful to the government of the Netherlands. In addition we would like to thank the Kofi © by International Peace Institute, 2008 Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre, which All Rights Reserved co-hosted an authors' workshop for this working paper series in Accra, Ghana on April 11-12, 2008. www.ipinst.org CONTENTS Foreword, Terje Rød-Larsen . i Introduction. 1 Key Challenges .
    [Show full text]
  • Emergency Plan of Action Final Report Tanzania: Ferry Accident
    Emergency Plan of Action Final Report Tanzania: Ferry Accident DREF operation MDRTZ022 Glide number: FL-2018-000043-TZA Date of Issue: 09 July 2019 Date of disaster: 20 September,2018 Operation start date: 2nd October 2018 Operation end date: 2 February,2019 Host National Society: Tanzania Red Cross Society Operation budget: CHF 52,724 Number of people affected: Number of people assisted: 6,100 people 16,000 or 3,200 HHs (the total population of the most • 540 families or 2,700 people, including 50 TRCS affected area of Bwisya ward in Ukara Island, Ukerewe volunteers, 41 survivors, family of the more than 300 district-Mwanza region) passengers on the ferry and other people directly affected by the accident in Bwisya ward, Ukara Island, Ukerewe district Mwanza region. • 3,400 children from 34 schools reached with recreational activities N° of National Societies involved in the operation: Tanzania Red Cross Society (TRCS); 50 volunteers and 4 staff from Mwanza regional branch were directly supporting the operation as well as 3 staff from TRCS headquarters. N° of Red Cross Red Crescent Movement partners currently actively involved in the operation: International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), International Committee of Red Cross (ICRC) and Belgium Red Cross Flanders (BRC) N° of other partner organizations involved in the operation: Government of Tanzania including local governments; Prime Minister's Office-Disaster Management Department, The Tanzania Electrical, Mechanical and Electronics Services Agency (TAMESA), Tanzania People Defence Force (TPDF) and the Police Force. The major donors and partners of the Disaster Relief Emergency Fund (DREF) include the Red Cross Societies and governments of Belgium, Britain, Canada, Denmark, German, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Norway, Republic of Korea, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland, as well as DG ECHO and Blizzard Entertainment, Mondelez International Foundation, and Fortive Corporation and other corporate and private donors.
    [Show full text]
  • Plants Used to Treat Infectious Diseases Sheila Mgole Maregesi A,B,∗, Olipa David Ngassapa A, Luc Pieters B, Arnold J
    Journal of Ethnopharmacology 113 (2007) 457–470 Ethnopharmacological survey of the Bunda district, Tanzania: Plants used to treat infectious diseases Sheila Mgole Maregesi a,b,∗, Olipa David Ngassapa a, Luc Pieters b, Arnold J. Vlietinck b a Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 65013, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania b Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium Received 8 February 2007; received in revised form 29 May 2007; accepted 1 July 2007 Available online 10 July 2007 Abstract An ethnobotanical study was carried out in six villages in the Bunda district, Mara Region, Tanzania, where the use of plants still has a special meaning to the society, in the treatment of various diseases. Information was obtained from the traditional healers and other experienced persons, having some knowledge on medicinal plants. Fifty-two plants were reported for use in the treatment of various infectious diseases. These plants belong to 29 families, with Papilionaceae being the most represented. Leaves ranked the highest, especially for use in topical preparations. Oral administration was the most frequently used route of administration. Twenty-one percent of the recorded plants were reported for treating venereal diseases, with syphilis and gonorrhea being the most commonly mentioned. Information providers requested feedback with regard to the plants proven scientifically to be toxic in order to avoid risks while offering their services. From this work it was found out that, people in this area commonly use medicinal plants with trust they have built on the curative outcome witnessed.
    [Show full text]
  • STD/HIV Intervention and Research Programme Mwanza Region, NW Tanzania J Changalucha, a Gavyole, H Grosskurth, R Hayes, D Mabey
    i91 Sex Transm Infect: first published as 10.1136/sti.78.suppl_1.i91 on 1 April 2002. Downloaded from SYMPOSIUM STD/HIV intervention and research programme Mwanza Region, NW Tanzania J Changalucha, A Gavyole, H Grosskurth, R Hayes, D Mabey ............................................................................................................................. Sex Transm Infect 2002;78(Suppl I):i91–i96 The social determinants and epidemiology of sexually Population distribution transmitted disease (STD) were studied in rural The region had about 1.8 million inhabitants in 1988,1 and about 2.5 million inhabitants in 1999, communities in Mwanza Region, Tanzania, in the based on a population growth rate of 2.6% per context of the phase specific model of STD transmission. annum.3 The population in Mwanza town grows The prevalence of HIV and syphilis was higher in faster than that in rural areas (about 8% per annum), from around 200 000 people in 1988 to communities close to main roads, and lower in almost 500 000 by 1999. The region also has six communities living on islands in Lake Victoria, probably semiurban centres with a population of about reflecting the proportion of high risk individuals in the 20 000 each, serving as district administrative headquarters. The great majority of the popula- population. The prevalence of Herpes simplex virus type tion lives in rural villages or in communities with 2 infection, gonorrhoea, chlamydial infection, and widely scattered compounds. (A compound is a trichomoniasis was similar in all types of community, group of houses occupied by one or more families, and surrounded by their farm land.) reflecting the fact that these infections remain in the hyperendemic phase.
    [Show full text]
  • Tanzania Ministry of Agriculture Food Security and Cooperatives
    THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE FOOD SECURITY AND COOPERATIVES Project: Districts Agricultural Sector Investment Project - DASIP Loan N: ADF 2100150008694 Grant N: ADF 2100155003517 TENDER No………. (DASIP) REQUEST FOR EXPRESSION OF INTEREST FOR THE PROVISION OF CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR DESIGNING AND SUPERVISION OF CONSTRUCTION OF STRATEGIC MARKET CENTERS TO SEVEN SELECTED BOARDER SITES 1. This request for expressions of interest follows the general procurement notice for this project that appeared in UN Development Business Magazine No 647 of 31st January, 2005 2. The Government of the United Republic of Tanzania has received a grant and loan from the African Development Fund towards the cost of implementation of District Agricultural Sector Investment Project and intends to apply part of the proceeds of this grant and loan for eligible payments under the contract for the provision of consultancy services for designing and supervision of construction of strategic Market centers to seven selected sites. 3. The scope of the required service is to design and supervise the construction of commercial buildings that will include Financial Services Facilities, Storage facilities, loading and off loading bays, Marketing Information Centres, Offices and such similar amenities. The required service is packaged as hereunder: LOT DESCRIPTION OF SERVICE AND LOCATION 1 Market Center at Sirari - Tarime, Mara Region 2 Market Center at Isaka – Kahama, Shinyaga Region 3 Market Center at Murongo - Karagwe District, Kagera Region 4 Market Center at Nkwenda – Karagwe District, Kagera Region 5 Market Center at Manyovu – Kasulu, Kigoma Region 6 Market Center at Mtukula – Misenyi, Kagera Region 7 Market Center at Kabanga – Ngara, Kagera Region .
    [Show full text]
  • Project/Programme Proposal to the Adaptation Fund
    PROJECT /PROGRAMME PROPOSAL TO THE ADAPTATION FUND PART I: PROJECT/PROGRAMME INFORMATION Project/Programme Category: Regular Project Country/ies: United Republic of Tanzania Title of Project/Programme: Bunda Climate Resilience and Adaptation Project Type of Implementing Entity: National Implementing Entity (NIE) Implementing Entity: National Environment Management Council (NEMC) Executing Entity/ies: Bunda District Council Amount of Financing Requested: 1,400,000 (In U.S Dollars Equivalent) 1.0 Project Background and Context 1.1 Brief background on what the project aims to solve Bunda district represents the section of poor rural communities of Mara region in the Lake Victoria Zone of Tanzania, who are already vulnerable to impacts of climate change1. Key climate elements like temperature, rainfall and wind speed have been shifting their historical trends and magnitudes over time. As a result, extreme climate and weather driven events such as droughts, prolonged dry periods, erratic rainfall and strong winds are more common across the district nowadays2. The observed climate vagaries coupled with high poverty level have already caused their toll to people, their socio-economic, livelihood and environmental systems. Crop failures, water scarcity and livestock deaths due to drought are already common events in the area. Rainfall seasons and number of rainy days has greatly changed and declined, affecting economic, social, environment and peoples’ livelihoods. Communities are experiencing failures of their traditional livelihood systems with no replacement or alternatives3. Dependence on fishing is also under threat due to catch decrease. As a result, the Poverty and Human Development Report released in 2005 by the United Republic of Tanzania ranked the district as the poorest with the highest rates of income poverty.
    [Show full text]
  • Baseline Assessment of the Mcgovern-Dole Food for Education (Ffe Iii) Programme Baseline Study Report
    AUGUST 31, 2017 BASELINE ASSESSMENT OF THE MCGOVERN-DOLE FOOD FOR EDUCATION (FFE III) PROGRAMME BASELINE STUDY REPORT SAMBODHI LIMITED (TANZANIA) 1st Floor, Acacia Estates Building, Kinondoni Road, Dar es Salaam Agreement Number: FFE-621-2016/011-00 0 Acknowledgement The baseline assessment of the Food For Education III (FFE III) programme commissioned by Project Concern International, Tanzania was conducted by Sambodhi Limited, Tanzania in association with Sambodhi, India. Sambodhi would like to acknowledge the valuable support and input provided by the PCI Tanzania team members including interalia, the Country Director, MLE Manager, Regional Operation Director, Programme Manager, Education Coordinator, Health Coordinator, Agriculture Coordinator, School Feeding Coordinator, WE Coordinator, whose guidance helped the study team gain a better understanding of the impact pathways of the project. The team members’ insight on functions, successes and challenges of the project activities helped us to identify gaps and enabled us to provide recommendations. Sambodhi would also like to extend its gratitude towards all the project partners and collaborators such as the District Planning Office and District Education Office for Musoma Rural, Butiama, Bunda and Serengeti districts, for giving us their valuable time and insights on the program. We are grateful to the President’s Office of Regional Administration (PORALG) and National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) for providing us with the permission letters to conduct the baseline assessment. We would also like to thank the district educational quality assurers for Musoma Rural, Butiama, Bunda and Serengeti districts for their contribution to the baseline assessment. Lastly, the study would not have been possible without the tremendous effort of the study team members and field enumerators who did an excellent job in collecting all the required information and meeting the deadlines.
    [Show full text]
  • Quality Assessment of Drinking Water in Sumve Kwimba District
    American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) 2018 American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) e-ISSN: 2320-0847 p-ISSN : 2320-0936 Volume-7, Issue-5, pp-26-33 www.ajer.org Research Paper Open Access Quality Assessment of Drinking Water in Sumve Kwimba District 1Aisa. S. Oberlin and 2Steven Ntoga 1Department of Civil Engineering Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology, Tanzania 2Department of Civil Engineering St. Augustine University, Tanzania Corresponding Author: Aisa. S. Oberlin ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to analyze physical-chemical and bacteriological quality of the drinking water in Sumve ward in Kwimba district (Mwanza). A total of 120 samples from a piped water supply scheme were collected applying EWURA, and TBS TZS 789:2008 procedures. Bacteriological parameters were analyzed using the most probable number method to detect and count the total coliform and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The physicochemical parameters were analyzed using standard methods to examine Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), temperature, electric conductivity, pH iron, manganese, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, ammonia and total hardness. The results were compared against drinking water quality standards laid by World Health Organization (WHO) and Tanzania Bureau of Standard (TBS). The total bacteria count in the water samples ranged from 300CFU/100ml to 4200CFU/100ml which exceeds those recommended by WHO of less than 10 coliform cells/100ml of water and those of TBS of 0/100ml. Water samples found with E.Coli numbers ranged between 10/100ml to 200/100ml which is above the permissible level of 0/100ml specified by WHO and TBS. The physicochemical results of the water samples ranged as follows: pH(8.13 to 8.52), turbidity(0.38 to 1.73NTU), Total Dissolved Solids (371mg/l to379mg/l), electrical conductivity (790 to 820 μs/cm),), temperature(26.90C to 27.90C), Nitrate(7.24 to 12.4 mg/l), Ammonium(2.85 to 4.6 mg/L), Manganese(2.4 to 4.9 mg/l), Chloride(13/l to 19.9 mg/l), Fluoride(0.82mg/l to 4.4 mg/l), Iron(0mg/l and 0.08mg/l), and total hardness.
    [Show full text]