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UJ THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOUNDED BY JAMES LOEB, IX.D. EDITED BY t T. E. PAGE, C.H., LITT.D. fE. CAPPS, PH.D., LL.D. tW.H. D. ROUSE, LITT.D. L. A. POST, L.H.D. E. H. WARMINGTON, M.A., F.R.HIST.SOO. I.UCIAN m LUCIAN WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY A. M. HARMON OF YALE UNIVERSITY IN EIGHT VOLUMES III LONDON WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS MCMLX First printed 1921 Reprinted 1947, 1960 PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN CONTENTS PAGE LIST OF LUCIAN'S WORKS vi THE DEAD COME TO LIFE, OB THE FISHERMAN {Bevivescentes sive Picator) 1 THE DOUBLE INDICTMENT, OR TRIALS BY JURY {Bis Accusatus sive Trihunalia) 83 ON SACRIFICES {De Sacrificus) . 153 THE IGNORANT BOOK-COLLECTOR {Adversus Indoctum et libros mnltos emeniem) 173 THE DREAM, OR LUCIAN's CAREER {Somnium sivB Vita Luciani) 213 THE PARASITE, PARASITIC AN ART [De Parasito sive Ariem esse Parasiticam) 235 » THE LOVER OF LIES, OR THE DOUBTER {PhUopseudes sive Incredulus) 319 THE JUDGEMENT OF THE GODDESSES {Deariim ludiciuvt [Deorum Dialogi ZZ]) 383 ON SALARIED POSTS IN GREAT HOUSES {De Mercede conductis potentium familiaribus) 411 INDEX 483 LIST OF LUCIAN'S WOEKS SHOWING THEIR DIVISION INTO VOLUMES IN THIS EDITION VOLTJME I Phalaris I and II—Hippias or the Bath—Dionysus—Heracles—Amber or The Swans—The Fly—Nigrinus—Demonax—The Hall—My Native Land— Octogenarians—A True Story I and 11—Slander—The Consonants at Law—The Carousal or The Lapiths. VOLUMB II The Downward Joiu-ney or The Tyrant—Zeus Catechized—Zeus Rants —The Dream or The Cock—Prometheus—Icaromenippus or The Sky-man —Timon or The Misanthroi)e—Charon or the Inspector—Philosophies for Sale. Volume III The Dead Come to Life or The Fisherman—The Double Indictment or Trials by Jury—On Sacrifices—The Ignorant Book Collector—The Dream or Lucian's Career—The Parasite—The Lover of Lies—The Judgement of the Goddesses—On Salaried Posts in Great Houses. Volume IV Anacharsis or Athletics—Menippus or The Descent into Hades—On Funerals—A Professor of Public Speaking—Alexander the False Prophet —Essays in Portraiture—Essays in Portraiture Defended—The Goddess of Surrye. Volume V The Passing of Peregrinus—The Runaways—Toxaris or Friendship— The Dance—Lexiphanes—The Eunuch—Astrology—The Mistaken Critic —The Parliament of the Gods—The Tyrannicide—Disowned. Volume VI Historia—Dipsades—Saturnalia—Herodotus—Zeuxis—Pro Lapsu— Apologia—Harmonides—Hesiodus— Scytha — Hermotimus — Promethus Es—Navigium. Volume VII Dialogues of the Dead—Dialogues of the Sea—Gods—Dialogues of the Gods (exc. Deorum Judicium cf. Vol. Ill)—Dialogues of the Courtesans. Volume VIII Soloecista—Lucius or the Ass—Amores—Halcyon—Demosthenes— Podagra—Ocypus—Cyniscus—Philopatris—Charidemus—Nero. vi THE WORKS OF LUCIAN THE DEAD COME TO LIFE, OR THE FISHERMAN This is Lucian's reply to the storm of angry protest which he had evoked from the schoolmen with his Philosophies for Sale (II. 450 ff.)> wherein, to their mind, he had unwarrant- ably and outrageously ridiculed the ancient philosophers and their doctrines. ^_ The scene is in Athens. The dead who have come to life are the ancient philosophers, bent upon wreaking vengeance on Frankness, which is Lucian's alias here. Eventually conceded a formal trial before Philosophy, he is acquitted on the plea that his ridicule had not been aimed at the ancient worthies but at their unworthy successors of his own time. As these impostors cannot be induced to stand trial, Frankness is empowered to go about and brand them, so that people can tell them from the genuine philoso- phers. Before departing on his mission, he fishes up, with a bait of figs and gold, typical representatives of the chief schools for the inspection of their founders. Lucian's plea is specious, for in Philosophies for Sale he had certainly sliown scant regard for those whom he now professes to hold in such high esteem. But it is not meant it is to be taken seriously ; put forward with a wink at the audience for the sake of turning the tables on his critics. His new-found deference, moreover, is well seasoned with irony, and quite offset by the pose of urbane and patronizing superiority which he assumes in feigned unconsciousness. The piece is almost all persiflage, and maddeningly un- answerable for that reason. The dialogue is strikingly like an Aristophanic comedy in its construction, especially in the fact that it has a clearly marked second part, somewhat loosely attached to the first, which develops a series of incidents after the plot has been worked out. Because of this similarity, and for many other reasons too, none of Lucian's writings better serves to intro- duce and illustrate the Double Indictment, Avhich follows it. ANABI0TNTE2 H AAIETS^ SnKPATHS 1 BaX,X,6 fidWe rov Kardparov dcf)66vot<i Tot9 Xt- OoL<i' eTTL^aWe tcov ^coXcov irpoaeTri^aWe kuI Twv ocrrpdKcov' irale rolfj ^vXot,^ top dXLTTjpiov 6 pa fxr) Biacfivyr}' koI av ^dXXe, o) UXdrcov koI au, 0) y^pvaLTTirey koI av he, kol 7rdvre<; a/xa'^ avva(T7rL(Tco/jL€v iiT avTov, Be o)? TT'^pt) 7r7]p7)(f)i,v dprj'yr], ^dxrpa ^dKTpoi<i, K0LV0<; yap irokep^io^, koI ovk ea-riv r}fiS)V ovriva (TV (o et irore oif)(^ v^piKe. Be, Atoyei/e?, koI BiBotcj aXkore, ')(p(o rw ^vXw' firjBe dvfjre' ryv d^iav ^Xda<j)r]fjLO<; iov. tl tovto; KeKp.rjKare, c5 ^KiTLKOvpe KOL ^ApiaTLTTire; Kal firjv ovk e^prfv, Be dvepe^ 6(TT€, <TO(f)oi, fjiv^aaaOe OovptBof; 6pyr]<i. 2 'A/)/o-T0TeXe9, eTna-TrovBaGOV' en Odrrov.^ ev edXcj/cev to w €')(^£L' Orjpiov. elXtjcfya/jLev ae, p,iape. elar) yovv avTLKa ovaTiva<; r}p,d<; 6vTa<i iKaKTjyo- MSS. available in photographs : r, UPN. 1 ANABIOYNTE2 H AAIETS y (and Thomas Magister): AAIEY2 H ANAB10TNTE2 ^. '^ 8e /col irdvres koI Punctuation A. M.H.: koI ah afxa aw. y ; av 54. irdvTes a/x3. aw. §, edd. " Punctuation K. Schwartz : iKiatroihaaov en darrov MSS. THE DEAD COME TO LIFE, OR THE FISHERMAN SOCRATES Pelt, pelt the scoundrel with plenty of stones ! Heap him with clods ! Pile him up with broken dishes, too ! Beat the blackguard with your sticks ! doesn't ! Plato Look out he get away Throw, ; you too at once ! Let's too, Chrysippus ; you ; everybody charge him together. "Let wallet to wallet give succour, and cudgel to ^ cudgel," for he is our joint enemy, and there is not a man of us whom he has not outraged. Diogenes, ply if ever did before let none of your stick, you ; you let him the for his weaken ; pay penalty ribaldry. What is this ? Have you given out, Epicurus and Aristippus } Come, that is too bad ! "Show yourselves men, ye sages, and call up the 2 fury of battle." ! Still faster ! Aristotle, make haste That's well ; the game is bagged. We have you, villain ! you shall soon find out what sort of men you have been 1 Iliad 2, 363 : Kplv^ dvipas Kara <pv\a, Kara (ppiirpas, ^Ayd/jLe/xvov, ws <pp7}Tpr) <pp-i]Tpri(piv api^yri, <pvAa Se (pvXon. ' Iliad 112 *' " 6, ; Homer has friends,"' not sages." THE WORKS OF LUCIAN Se pel*;. T& T/ooTTft) ri<; avrov koI /jLereXOr}; ttolkLXov ^ap Tiva Odvarov iinvocafiev Kar avrov iraaiv r]fjuv e^apKecrai hwdjievov KaB' €Ka(nov yovp CTTTaArt? 8LKai6<; iariv diroXoiXevai, *IA020*02 'E/iot fiev avacTKokoTT Lddrivat Bok€l avrov, AAA05 N^ Ata, /jLaariycoOevra ye irporepov, AAA02 TLo\v irporepov tou? 6cf)0aX/j,ov<; iKKeKoXd(j>6co. AAA05 T^i^ ykSirrav avrrjv ere rroXv irporepov airo- rer^rjcOoa. SriKPATHS Sot he rl, ^Ei/jLireBoKXeLf;, Bok€l; EMnEAOKAHS Et9 rov<; Kparrjpa^; ifiirea-elv avrov, 009 fjidOrj firj XoiBopeladaL rol<i Kpeurroaiv. nAATHN Kal p.r)v dpiarov rjv Kaddirep riva Hevdea rj ^Opcpea XaxiffTov iv irerpaicTLv evpeadav fjLopov, Xva av ro Kal p.epo<i avrov exaaro^ ^X^^ dirrfX- Xdr'Tcro, nAPPH2IAAH5 3 M^r}Ba/JLa)<i* dXXa tt/oo? 'l/cealov (peiaaaOe fiov. THE DEAD COME TO LIFE insulting. But how are we to punish him, to be sure ? Let us invent a complex death for him, such as to us all in fact to die seven satisfy ; he deserves times over for each of us. PHILOSOPHER I suggest he be crucified. ANOTHER Yes, by Heaven ; but flogged beforehand. ANOTHER Let him have his eyes put out long beforehand. ANOTHER Let him have that tongue of his cut off, even longer beforehand. SOCRATES And you, Empedocles—what do you suggest ? EMPEDOCLES That he be thrown into my crater,^ so that he may learn not to abuse his betters. PLATO Indeed, the best suggestion would have been for him, like another Pentheus or Orpheus, " ^ To find among the crags a riven doom," so that each of us might have gone off with a scrap of him. FRANKNESS No, no ! In the name of Him who hears the sup- pliant,^ spare me ! ^ Aetna, into which Empedocles is said to have leapt. 2 Both Pentheus and Orpheus were torn to pieces by Maenads. The verse is from a lost tragedy (Nauck, Tr. Gr. ^ Fragm. p. 895). Zeus. 5 THE WORKS OF LUCIAN HAATflN "Apapev ovK av a(j)e9€Lr]<; en. opa^ he Brj kuI Tov "OfjLTjpov a (j)r](nvy CD? OVK €(TTi Xiovai Kal avBpdcnv opKia iria-Tci. nAPPH5lAAH5 Kat firjv Ka6^ "Ofxr^pov vfia^ koX avTo<i tVe- revao)' alheaea-Qe yap caox; to. eiTTj xal ov rrrapo- yjreaOe payjra)B^a-avrd fie' ^(oypelr ov kukov avBpa kol d^ia Be')(6e UTroiva, T€ ')(^aXfc6v 'X^pvcrov re, rd Brj (fyiXeovai (ro(l>oi irep.
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  • The Function of Christian Letters of Recommendation; from Paul to Julian

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    THE FUNCTION OF CHRISTIAN LETTERS OF RECOMMENDATION; FROM PAUL TO JULIAN Jason File A thesis submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in t he Department of Religious Studies. Chapel Hill 2006 Approved by: Bart Ehrman Zlatko Plese Peter Kaufmann ABSTRACT THE FUNCTION OF CHRISTIAN LETTERS OF RECOMMENDATION; FROM PAUL TO JULIAN (Under the Direction of Bart D. Ehrman) This paper explores the function of Christian letters of recommendation, from the time of Paul (c. 50 CE) to the time of Emperor Julian (c. 350 CE). The first chapter provides background information concerning the function of letters of recommendation generally in antiquity. It is argued that the primary functions of such letters in Greco -Roman society was to provide hospitality for the traveler, and to testify to their trustworthiness. Where pagans used such letters for business or filial purposes, the early Chri stian church used them to build religious networks across the wide span of the Mediterranean world and the Levant. The second chapter of the thesis takes up the subject of hospitality practices in the Christian mission, and the third explores the use of letters of recommendation in the writings of the apostle Paul. Letters of recommendation were extremely important for the growth, spread and development of the Christian church. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter I. INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………….1 II. LETTER S OF RECOMMENDATION IN GRECO -ROMAN SOCIETY…...7 Overview of Letter -Writing in the Ancient Near East…………..………….…7 The Hellenistic Period and Letter -Writing Manuals…………...……………...9 The Form and Structure of the Letter of Recommendation………………….14 The Function of the Letter of Recommendation……………………………..19 Summary……………………………………………………………………..26 III.
  • DATE PALM “11M Palm”

    DATE PALM “11M Palm”

    DATE PALM “11M Palm” DID YOU KNOW? In addition to the commemorative palm found in this garden (“11M Palm”), there is another specimen at Santo Antonio de Herbón’s convent. This specimen has been considered to be a singular tree in Galicia. It was planted together with another specimen following the tradition that begun in the 15th century by Juan Rodríguez de la Cámara, a writer from Padrón. It belongs to the Arecaceae family and the Coryphoideae subfamily. It is present from the south of the Mediterranean basin (Senegal and southern Morocco) to Pakistan. It is also present in the east and south of the Iberian Peninsula, especially because of the dispersal of its fruits by birds and mammals, but it is not present far from the coast. Common names: “palmera”, “palmera datilera” (Spanish); “palma”, “palmeira datileira” (Galician); “date palm” (English). Etymology: • Phoenix: it is a generic name that comes from the Greek word “φοῖνιξ” or “φοίνικος” (phoinikos), which is the name used for the date palm, used by Theophrastus and Pliny the Elder. It is likely for them to refer to the Phoenician Phoenix, son of Amyntor and Cleobule in Homer’s Iliad, or to the phoenix (bird). • Dactilyfera: it is a specific epithet that means “date carrier”. Description: This plant can reach 30 meters high, even its trunk is thin and often has buds, which makes it different from the Canary Island date palm (Phoenix canariensis) and why they are usually mistaken. Its leaves are persistent, leathery, pinnate, thorny, arched, very big and they come out like plumes from the crown.
  • Homoeroticism in Neoclassical Poetics: French Translations of the Ideal Male Nude in Late-Eighteenth-Century Word and Image

    Homoeroticism in Neoclassical Poetics: French Translations of the Ideal Male Nude in Late-Eighteenth-Century Word and Image

    Homoeroticism in neoclassical poetics: French translations of the ideal male nude in late-eighteenth-century word and image. Satish Padiyar, University College London, PhD. 1999 BIBL LONDON flnv. 1 Abstract The thesis consists of four chapters, an Introduction and a Conclusion. The Introduction considers the theoretical frameworks within which recent readings of the late-eighteenth-century French homoerotic ideal male nude have been developed; and how these readings have in turn emerged from a wider extra-art-historical discourse on the sexual politics of representation and the representation of sexual politics. A clear picture of the ideal male nude as a contested field emerges; and a justification of the materials which will be used in the thesis clarifies their critical engagement with these polemical debates surrounding the object of study. Chapter 1 is in two parts. Part one deals with the possibilities of a textual representation of homosexuality in French neoclassical poetics by focusing on the notion of 'anacréontisme' as a synonym for 'veiled' homoeroticism. Contrary to the present understanding of the notion, it is argued here, by recourse to successive French translations of the Greek source text, that homosexuality was explicitly problematized in the development of anacréontisme as a critical term, rather than consensually hidden. Part two reviews a social history of homosexuality in eighteenth-century France, in order to contextualize the preceding anacreontic debate. A Kantian reading of the beau ideal, in Chapter 3, attempts to contradict the now dominant understanding of this figure as being simply a high-cultural sign of patriarchal dominance. The chapter traces the philosophical coordinates of the beau ideal from the late seventeenth century until the moment when this figure coincides with the Kantian transcedental aesthetic, and thereby propels it into an anti-ideological space.