Environmental, Social and Health Impact Assessment
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PART II: ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT THE PROPOSED BALAMA GRAPHITE MINE IN THE CABO DELGADO PROVINCE IN THE DISTRICT OF BALAMA IN NORTHERN MOZAMBIQUE Prepared for: Syrah Resources Limited 356 Collins Street Melbourne 3000, Australia Prepared by: Coastal& Environmental Services In South Africa and Mozambique* *Rua da Frente de Libertação de Moçambique, N°324 Maputo, Mozambique JULY 2014 DRAFT FOR REVIEW Draft Environmental Impact Assessment of the Proposed Balama Graphite Mine in the Cabo Delgado Province, Mozambique This report should be cited as follows: Coastal and Environmental Services. 2014. Environmental, Social and Health Impact Assessment: Proposed Balama Graphite Mine in the Cabo Delgado Province in the District of Balama in Northern Mozambique. COPYRIGHT INFORMATION This document contains intellectual property and propriety information that are protected by copyright in favour of Coastal & Environmental Services (CES) and/or Syrah Resources Limited. The document may therefore not be reproduced, used or distributed to any third party without the prior written consent of either CES or Syrah Resources Limited. This document is prepared for submission to Mozambique‟s MICOA, and is subject to all confidentiality, copyright and trade secrets, rules intellectual property law and practices of Mozambique. Coastal & Environmental Services ii Draft Environmental Social & Health Impact Assessment Draft Environmental Impact Assessment of the Proposed Balama Graphite Mine in the Cabo Delgado Province, Mozambique REVISIONS TRACK TABLE Project Name: Proposed Balama Graphite Mine in the Cabo Delgado Province in the district of Balama in northern Mozambique File names Compiled by Reviewed/edited Date EIA Draft 1 Lara Crous Ted Avis 29 October 2014 EIA Final Draft Coastal & Environmental Services iii Draft Environmental Social & Health Impact Assessment Draft Environmental Impact Assessment of the Proposed Balama Graphite Mine in the Cabo Delgado Province, Mozambique LIST OF ACRONYMS CES Coastal and Environmental Services EHS Environmental Health and Safety EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIR Environmental Impact Report EMP Environmental Management Programme EPDA Environmental Pre-feasibility Scoping Study EPFI Equator Principles Financial Institution ESHIA Environmental, Social and Health Impact Assessment ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Analysis ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan GDP Gross Domestic Product ha Hectare I&APs Interested and Affected Parties IFC International Finance Corporation IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature MICOA Ministério Para a Coordenação da Acção Ambiental MSL Mean sea level NGO Non-governmental Organisation NPO Non-profit Organisation PS Performance Standards PPP Public Participation Process RAP Resettlement Action Plan RPF Resettlement Policy Framework SEP Stakeholder Engagement Plan WWF World Wildlife Fund Coastal & Environmental Services iv Draft Environmental Social & Health Impact Assessment Draft Environmental Impact Assessment of the Proposed Balama Graphite Mine in the Cabo Delgado Province, Mozambique TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Purpose of this report 1 1.2 Project Overview 1 1.3 Environmental Impact Assessment Team 4 1.3.1 Core team members 4 1.3.2 Internal specialist team members 5 1.3.3 External specialist team members 8 1.4 Details of the client 9 2. LEGISLATIVE REQUIREMENTS IN MOZAMBIQUE 10 2.1 The legislated EIA process in Mozambique 10 2.1.1 The Constitution of Mozambique 12 2.1.2 The Environment Law - Law nº 20/97 12 2.1.3 Licences 13 2.1.4 Water Law -Law no.16/1991 14 2.1.5 Regulation regarding Standards for Environmental Quality and Discharge of Effluent (decree no. 18/2004, dated June 2) 14 2.1.6 The Land Act (No.19/97 and decree No 66/98) 15 2.1.7 Land Law Regulations (2003) 16 2.1.8 Decree 31/2012 - Regulations of Resettlement Process resulting from Economic Activities 17 2.1.9 The Fisheries Law No 3 of 1990 18 2.1.10 National Heritage Protection Law of 1988 18 2.1.11 Forest and Wildlife Act No 10 of 1999 18 2.1.12 Land Planning Law (Law 19/2007 of 18 July) 19 2.1.13 Decree n.º 61/2006 of 26 December - technical Regulation on Safety and Health in Mining Activities Geologic 19 2.1.14 Decree no 67/2010, dated December 31 (amendments to Appendix V to Decree no. 18/2004, dated June 2) 19 2.1.15 International Environmental Conventions to which Mozambique is signatory 19 2.2 International Legislation and Guiding Principles 20 2.2.1 IFC Performance Standards and requirements 20 2.2.2 IFC / World Bank Group Environmental, Health & Safety Guidelines 22 2.2.3 The Equator Principles 24 2.3 Key Policy and Legal Institutions 27 2.3.1 Ministry for Co-ordination of Environmental Affairs (MICOA) 27 2.4 Stakeholder engagement activities 27 2.4.1 Introduction and requirements 27 2.4.2 Stakeholder Engagement activities to date 28 2.5 Deliverables and specialist scope of work 29 3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 35 3.1 Introduction 35 3.2 Syrah Balama Pit and Waste Rock Dump 36 3.3 Mining Method 37 3.4 Mining Method and Processing 38 3.4.1 Run of Mine (ROM) Handling 39 3.4.2 Crushing 39 3.4.3 Milling 39 3.4.4 Flotation/Secondary Grinding 40 3.4.5 Regrinding 40 3.4.6 Thickening 40 Coastal & Environmental Services v Draft Environmental Social & Health Impact Assessment Draft Environmental Impact Assessment of the Proposed Balama Graphite Mine in the Cabo Delgado Province, Mozambique 3.4.7 Drying and Graphite Product Handling 40 3.4.8 Reagent Storage 41 3.4.9 Dust Emissions and Handling 41 3.4.10 Plant Area Containment 42 3.4.11 Tailings Disposal 42 3.5 Infrastructure 46 3.5.1 Raw and Potable Water 46 3.5.2 Power 46 3.5.3 Roads 47 3.6 Ancillary Infrastructure 47 3.6.1 Construction and Operation Accommodation 47 3.6.2 Sewage System 50 3.6.3 Landfill Site 50 4. DESCRIPTION OF THE BIOPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 52 4.1 Introduction 52 4.2 Physical Environment 52 4.2.1 Climate 52 4.2.2 Topography 55 4.2.3 Geology and Soils 57 4.2.4 Air Quality 61 4.2.5 Noise 61 4.2.6 Radiation 62 4.2.7 Surface water 64 4.2.8 Groundwater 67 4.2.9 Geochemistry 70 4.3 Biological Environment 74 4.3.1 Vegetation 74 4.3.2 Fauna 86 4.3.3 Aquatic environment 95 4.3.4 Spatial Planning Tools 99 4.3.5 Land use 103 5. DESCRIPTION OF THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT 105 5.1 A Demographic overview of the Project-Affected Communities 105 5.2 Socio-Economic Living Conditions 106 5.2.1 Village Social Amenities 106 5.2.2 Education 106 5.2.3 Services 107 5.3 Livelihood Strategies 108 5.3.1 Employment 108 5.3.2 Agriculture 109 5.3.3 Animal Husbandry 110 5.3.4 Natural Resource-Use 110 5.4 Health 110 5.4.1 General Health Profile of the Country 110 5.4.2 General Health Profile of Project Region 113 6. ASSESSMENT OF BIOPHYSICAL IMPACTS 115 6.1 Planning and Design Phase Impacts 115 6.2 Impacts resulting from the existing land use / no-go options 115 6.2.1 Impacts on topography and geology 115 6.2.2 Impacts on soils and agriculture 115 6.2.3 Impacts on surface and groundwater resources 115 Coastal & Environmental Services vi Draft Environmental Social & Health Impact Assessment Draft Environmental Impact Assessment of the Proposed Balama Graphite Mine in the Cabo Delgado Province, Mozambique 6.2.4 Impacts on the aquatic environment 116 6.2.5 Impacts on flora 116 6.2.6 Impacts on fauna 121 6.3 Mining related impacts resulting from the construction phase 122 6.3.1 Impacts on topography and geology 122 6.3.2 Impacts on soils and agriculture 123 6.3.3 Impacts on surface and groundwater resources 127 6.3.4 Impacts on the aquatic environment 129 6.3.5 Impacts on flora 132 6.3.6 Impacts on fauna 139 6.4 Mining related impacts resulting from the operational phase 147 6.4.1 Impacts on topography and geology 147 6.4.2 Impacts on soils and agriculture 147 6.4.3 Impacts on surface water resources 149 6.4.4 Impacts on groundwater resources 152 6.4.5 Impacts on the aquatic environment 156 6.4.6 Impacts on Flora 159 6.4.7 Impacts on fauna 161 6.5 Impacts resulting from the decommissioning phase 167 6.5.1 Impacts on topography and geology 167 6.5.2 Impacts on soils and agriculture 167 6.5.3 Impacts on surface water resources 167 6.5.4 Impacts on groundwater resources 169 6.5.5 Impacts on the aquatic environment 171 6.5.6 Impacts on flora 172 6.5.7 Impacts on fauna 173 6.6 Cumulative Impacts 175 6.6.1 Impacts on topography and geology 175 6.6.2 Impacts on soils and agriculture 175 6.6.3 Impacts on surface and groundwater resources 175 6.6.4 Impacts on the aquatic environment 175 6.6.5 Impacts on flora 175 6.6.6 Impacts on fauna 176 7. ASSESSMENT OF SOCIO ECONOMIC IMPACTS 177 7.1 Introduction 177 7.2 Planning and Design Phase Impacts 177 7.3 Impacts resulting from the existing land use / no-go options 177 7.3.1 Socio-economic impacts 177 7.3.2 Health related impacts 177 7.3.3 Impacts on natural resources 177 7.4 Impacts resulting from the construction phase 178 7.4.1 Socio-economic impacts 178 7.4.2 Health related impacts 189 7.4.3 Impacts on natural resources 205 7.5 Impacts resulting from the operational phase 207 7.5.1 Socio-economic impacts 207 7.5.2 Health related impacts 211 7.5.3 Impacts on natural resources 211 7.6 Impacts resulting from the decommissioning phase 212 7.6.1 Socio-economic impacts 212 7.6.2 Health related impacts 213 7.6.3 Impacts on natural resources 213 7.7 Cumulative impacts 214 Coastal & Environmental Services vii Draft Environmental Social & Health Impact Assessment Draft Environmental Impact Assessment of the Proposed Balama Graphite Mine in the Cabo Delgado Province, Mozambique 7.7.1 Socio-economic impacts 214 7.7.2 Health related impacts 214 7.7.3 Impacts on natural resources 214 8.