LIVE: FINAL EXAM PREPARATION P2 16 NOVEMBER 2014 Lesson Description
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South·Africa in Transition
POLITICS OF HOPE AND TERROR: South ·Africa in Transition Report on Violence in South Africa by an American Friends Service Committee Study Team November 1992 The American Friends Service Committee's concern over Southern Africa has grown out of over 60 years of relationships since the first visit by a representative of the organization. In 1982 the AFSC Board of Directors approved the release of a full length book, Challenge and Hope, as a statement of its views on South Africa. Since 1977 the AFSC has had a national Southern Africa educational program in its Peace Education Division. AMERICAN FRIENDS SERVICE COMMITTEE 1501 Cherry Street Philadelphia, PA 19102 (215) 241-7000 AFSC REGIONAL OFFICES: Southeastern Region, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, 92 Piedmont Avenue, NE; Middle Atlantic Region, Baltimore, Maryland 21212, 4806 York Road; New England Region, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, 2161 Massachusetts Avenue; Great Lakes Region, Chicago, Illinois 60605, 59 E. Van Buren Street, Suite 1400; North Central Region, Des Moines, Iowa 50312, 4211 Grand Avenue; New York Metropolitan Region, New York, New York 10003, 15 Rutherford Place; Pacific Southwest Region, Pasadena, California 91103, 980 N. Fair Oaks Avenue; Pacific Mountain Region, San Francisco, California 94121,2160 Lake Street; Pacific Northwest Region, Seattle, Washington 98105, 814 N.E. 40th Street. CONTENTS II THE AFSC DELEGATION 1 PREFACE III POLITICS OF HOPE AND TERROR: South Africa in Transition 1 THE BASIC VIOLENCE 2 ANALYZING THE VIOLENCE 5 THE HIDDEN HAND 7 RETALIATION 9 POLICE INVESTIGATIONS 11 LESSONS FROM THE BOIPATONG MASSACRE 12 HOMELAND VIOLENCE IN CISKEI AND KWAZULU 13 HOMELAND LEADERS BUTHELEZI AND GQOZO 16 CONCLUSION 19 RECOMMENDATIONS 20 ACRONYMS 21 TEAM INTERVIEWS AND MEETINGS 22 THE AFSC DELEGATION TO SOUTH AFRICA The American Friends Service Committee's Board of Directors approved a proposal in June 1992 for a delegation to visit South Africa to study the escalating violence there. -
RELIGIOUS ACTION NETWORK for Justice and Peace in Southern Africa
RELIGIOUS ACTION NETWORK for justice and peace in southern Africa a project of the American Committee on Africa ONE MORE MASSACRE by Aleah Bacquie "It seemed so absolutely unnecessary. If this is a taste of things to come, then God help us all." -John Hall, Chairperson Peace Committee God help us all indeed. Soldiers firing on unarmed peaceful demonstrators with no warning whatsoever is nothing new under the South African sun. (It was only last month that I wrote to you about the Boipatong Massacre.) Now, twenty-eight more are dead, 200 more wounded. The only fresh, but twisted slant comes from the "Gorbachevian" De Kierk, escort of the "New South Africa". You know the appalling statistics by now, nearly 8,000 people dead due to political violence since the "reformist" De Klerk began his bloody reign of terror, with tens of thousands more wounded, driven from their homes, gripped by hopelessness and fear. Complete denial of any South African governmental responsibility was expected, even though the soldiers who fired were under the command of a South African Defense Force Brigadier on loan to the "bantustan" Ciskei government. The South African government has long contended that the Black "bantustans" are independent governments, although they are not recognized by any other government, including the U.S. However, with hard evidence of government complicity mounting, De Klerk tried a new tactic, blaming the victim. He somehow mustered the gall to assert that the massacre of ANC supporters is the fault of the ANC! According to this disturbed logic, those Blacks who dared to exercise their right of peaceful assembly and protest are to blame because they should have known that Pretoria's puppet, Oupa Gqozo, would fire on the marchers. -
Trc-Media-Sapa-2000.Pdf
GRAHAMSTOWN Jan 5 Sapa THREE OF DE KOCK'S CO-ACCUSED TO CHALLENGE TRC DECISION Three former security branch policemen plan to challenge the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's decision to refuse them and seven of their former colleagues, including Eugene de Kock, amnesty for the 1989 murder of four policemen. De Kock, Daniel Snyman, Nicholaas Janse Van Rensburg, Gerhardus Lotz, Jacobus Kok, Wybrand Du Toit, Nicolaas Vermeulen, Marthinus Ras and Gideon Nieuwoudt admitted responsibility for the massive car bomb which claimed the lives of Warrant Officer Mbalala Mgoduka, Sergeant Amos Faku, Sergeant Desmond Mpipa and an Askari named Xolile Shepherd Sekati. The four men died when a bomb hidden in the police car they were travelling in was detonated in a deserted area in Motherwell, Port Elizabeth, late at night in December 1989. Lawyer for Nieuwoudt, Lotz and Van Rensburg, Francois van der Merwe said he would shortly give notice to the TRC of their intention to take on review the decision to refuse the nine men amnesty. He said the judgment would be taken on review in its entirety, and if it was overturned by the court, the TRC would once again have to apply its mind to the matter in respect of all nine applicants. The applicants had been "unfairly treated", he said and the judges had failed to properly apply their mind to the matter. The amnesty decision was split, with Acting Judge Denzil Potgieter and Judge Bernard Ngoepe finding in the majority decision that the nine men did not qualify for amnesty as the act was not associated with a political objective and was not directed against members of the ANC or other liberation movements. -
Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report
VOLUME THREE Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report The report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission was presented to President Nelson Mandela on 29 October 1998. Archbishop Desmond Tutu Ms Hlengiwe Mkhize Chairperson Dr Alex Boraine Mr Dumisa Ntsebeza Vice-Chairperson Ms Mary Burton Dr Wendy Orr Revd Bongani Finca Adv Denzil Potgieter Ms Sisi Khampepe Dr Fazel Randera Mr Richard Lyster Ms Yasmin Sooka Mr Wynand Malan* Ms Glenda Wildschut Dr Khoza Mgojo * Subject to minority position. See volume 5. Chief Executive Officer: Dr Biki Minyuku I CONTENTS Chapter 1 Introduction to Regional Profiles ........ 1 Appendix: National Chronology......................... 12 Chapter 2 REGIONAL PROFILE: Eastern Cape ..................................................... 34 Appendix: Statistics on Violations in the Eastern Cape........................................................... 150 Chapter 3 REGIONAL PROFILE: Natal and KwaZulu ........................................ 155 Appendix: Statistics on Violations in Natal, KwaZulu and the Orange Free State... 324 Chapter 4 REGIONAL PROFILE: Orange Free State.......................................... 329 Chapter 5 REGIONAL PROFILE: Western Cape.................................................... 390 Appendix: Statistics on Violations in the Western Cape ......................................................... 523 Chapter 6 REGIONAL PROFILE: Transvaal .............................................................. 528 Appendix: Statistics on Violations in the Transvaal ...................................................... -
Apartheid South Africa Xolela Mangcu 105 5 the State of Local Government: Third-Generation Issues Doreen Atkinson 118
ress.ac.za ress.ac.za p State of the Nation South Africa 2003–2004 Free download from www.hsrc Edited by John Daniel, Adam Habib & Roger Southall ress.ac.za ress.ac.za p Free download from www.hsrc ress.ac.za ress.ac.za p Compiled by the Democracy & Governance Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council Published by HSRC Press Private Bag X9182, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa HSRC Press is an imprint of the Human Sciences Research Council Free download from www.hsrc ©2003 Human Sciences Research Council First published 2003 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. ISBN 0 7969 2024 9 Cover photograph by Yassir Booley Production by comPress Printed by Creda Communications Distributed in South Africa by Blue Weaver Marketing and Distribution, PO Box 30370, Tokai, Cape Town, South Africa, 7966. Tel/Fax: (021) 701-7302, email: [email protected]. Contents List of tables v List of figures vii ress.ac.za ress.ac.za p Acronyms ix Preface xiii Glenn Moss Introduction Adam Habib, John Daniel and Roger Southall 1 PART I: POLITICS 1 The state of the state: Contestation and race re-assertion in a neoliberal terrain Gerhard Maré 25 2 The state of party politics: Struggles within the Tripartite Alliance and the decline of opposition Free download from www.hsrc Roger Southall 53 3 An imperfect past: -
Thanks to His Refusai of Easy Classifications Warnier Offers Interesting Insights Into Other Aspects As Well
BOOK REVIEWS 593 Thanks to his refusai of easy classifications Warnier offers interesting insights into other aspects as well. A récurrent topic is the relation of entrepreneurs to the state. On this aspect thé grassfield businessmen seem to differ from thé Kenyan or thé Nigérian bourgeoisies, with their sophisticated forms of 'straddling'. For various historical reasons thé grassfielders are more distant from the state. But this does not mean that they are an example of the kind of independent entrepreneurs who have become so dear to the World Bank. Warnier concludes—on the basis of a broad array of case studies—that their relation to the state is marked by extériorité but also that they need it. This leads him in his last chapter to a piercing critique of the World Bank's new tendency to 'bypass the state'. The undeniable resilience of grassfield entre- preneurship offers no guarantee that it will eventually bring true economie growth to Cameroon. An important condition for this is that the entrepreneurs will be sup- ported by a société politique viable. The World Bank policy of weakening the state does not open the way to economie growth but will rather lead to la marchandisation et la privatisation intégrale de la vie politique and thus to a resuit de type zaïrois. The value of Warnier's multifaceted approach is exemplified by thé ease with which his rieh treatment of grassfield entrepreneurship leads to such général comments. One could object that in some chapters his ethnographie base is not as strong as in others—for instance, his case studies of des paniers percés, those without 'luck', are somewhat impressionistic—but this is probably unavoidable in such a broad-brush approach. -
Interrogating the Impact of Intelligence
Interrogating the Impact of Intelligence Pursuing, Protecting, and Promoting an Inclusive Political Transition Process in South Africa Nel Marais and Jo Davies IPS Paper 7 Abstract This paper provides a behind-the-scenes perspective on the role played by the three branches of intelligence services that resorted under the then apartheid government, during the negotiation process that led to South Africa’s transition to a democratic state. It provides a comparative insight into how, while some people employed in the Military Intelligence and the Security Branch continued to undermine efforts towards a negotiated settlement and political reform, the National Intelligence Service (NIS) worked within a strategic vision that grasped the imperative for change and was able to guide its political principals accordingly. Owing to this vision, the NIS worked to support a process that encompassed all the relevant power contenders and actors amid difficult circumstances, which often required the distinct capacities and skills of an intelligence services regime. In so doing, it was able to mitigate many of the factors and actors that sought to subvert a negotiated settlement, and played a significant role in protecting the tenuous peace and stability that were essential for smooth and successful transition. © Berghof Foundation Operations GmbH – CINEP/PPP 2014. All rights reserved. About the Publication This paper is one of four case study reports on South Africa produced in the course of the collaborative research project ‘Avoiding Conflict Relapse through Inclusive Political Settlements and State-building after Intra-State War’, running from February 2013 to February 2015. This project aims to examine the conditions for inclusive political settlements following protracted armed conflicts, with a specific focus on former armed power contenders turned state actors. -
Records, National Identity and Post-Apartheid South Africa: the Role of Truth Commission Records in Nation Building
Records, national identity and post-apartheid South Africa: the role of Truth Commission records in nation building Lekoko Kenosi Dr Lekoko Kenosi is a Fulbright scholar at the American University of Pittsburgh, and a tenured lecturer in records and archival studies at the University of Botswana. He grew up in Botswana and attained his bachelor's degree in English and history from the University of Botswana in 1991, after which he was employed by Morupule Power Station as assistant archivist and records manager, then by the Botswana Defence Force as military archivist and records manager. He studied his masters degree in archival studies at the University of British Columbia, and now teaches on electronic records, multimedia records, records and human rights, and audiovisual records at the University of Botswana. Research areas include records and archival theory, records and post-war settlements, and the evolution of recordkeeping regimes across storage mediums through space and time. The South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) was established by an act of parliament in 1995. It was the twenty-first1 in a series of truth commissions that had characterised nations transitioning from repression to democratic rule. The main aim of the South African TRC was to promote national unity and reconciliation. The other objective of the co?n?nission was to usher in a new value system or culture of national identity, national pride, institutional accountability, transparency and respect for human rights. However, what is also of great interest is the fact that for the first time in the life of truth commissions the South African commissioners placed its records right at the centre of these new core values. -
Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report
VOLUME THREE Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report PURL: https://www.legal-tools.org/doc/46f8d1/ The report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission was presented to President Nelson Mandela on 29 October 1998. Archbishop Desmond Tutu Ms Hlengiwe Mkhize Chairperson Dr Alex Boraine Mr Dumisa Ntsebeza Vice-Chairperson Ms Mary Burton Dr Wendy Orr Revd Bongani Finca Adv Denzil Potgieter Ms Sisi Khampepe Dr Fazel Randera Mr Richard Lyster Ms Yasmin Sooka Mr Wynand Malan* Ms Glenda Wildschut Dr Khoza Mgojo * Subject to minority position. See volume 5. Chief Executive Officer: Dr Biki Minyuku PURL: https://www.legal-tools.org/doc/46f8d1/ I CONTENTS Chapter 1 Introduction to Regional Profiles ........ 1 Appendix: National Chronology......................... 12 Chapter 2 REGIONAL PROFILE: Eastern Cape ..................................................... 34 Appendix: Statistics on Violations in the Eastern Cape........................................................... 150 Chapter 3 REGIONAL PROFILE: Natal and KwaZulu ........................................ 155 Appendix: Statistics on Violations in Natal, KwaZulu and the Orange Free State... 324 Chapter 4 REGIONAL PROFILE: Orange Free State.......................................... 329 Chapter 5 REGIONAL PROFILE: Western Cape.................................................... 390 Appendix: Statistics on Violations in the Western Cape ......................................................... 523 Chapter 6 REGIONAL PROFILE: Transvaal ............................................................. -
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RECORDS, THE TRUTH COMMISSION, AND NATIONAL RECONCILIATION: ACCOUNTABILITY IN POST-APARTHEID SOUTH AFRICA by Lekoko Kenosi B.A, University of Botswana, 1991 M.A.S, University of British Columbia, 1999 Submitted to the Graduate School of Information Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2008 i UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF INFORMATION SCIENCES This dissertation was presented by Lekoko Kenosi It was defended on April 23, 2008 and approved by Dr Toni Carbo, Professor, SIS, University of Pittsburgh Dr David Wallace, Lecturer III, SI, University of Michigan Dr Ellen Detlefsen, Associate Professor, SIS, University of Pittsburgh Dissertation Director: Dr Richard Cox, Professor, SIS, University of Pittsburgh ii Copyright © by Lekoko Kenosi 2008 iii RECORDS, THE TRUTH COMMISSION, AND NATIONAL RECONCILIATION: ACCOUNTABILITY IN POST-APARTHEID SOUTH AFRICA Lekoko Kenosi, Ph.D University of Pittsburgh, 2008 Abstract The research on “Records, The Truth Commission, and National Reconciliation: Accountability in Post Apartheid South Africa” was prompted by the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission. The South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission (SA TRC) was initiated by President Nelson Mandela’s post-apartheid government. The aim of the commission was to collect as much information as possible about apartheid transgressions in order to use it for national reconciliation. In order to carry out its mandate the commission established three committees, namely, the Human Rights Violations Committee, the Amnesty Committee and the Reparation and Rehabilitation Committee. In line with its mandate the South African TRC collected millions of records and consigned them to the National Archives for maintenance. -
The Opening of the Apartheid Mind: Options for the New South Africa
Preferred Citation: Adam, Heribert, and Kogila Moodley. The Opening of the Apartheid Mind: Options for the New South Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press, c1993 1993. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft958009mm/ The Opening of the Apartheid Mind Options for the New South Africa Heribert Adam and Kogila Moodley UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Berkeley · Los Angeles · London © 1993 The Regents of the University of California For Kanya and Maya in lieu of letters Preferred Citation: Adam, Heribert, and Kogila Moodley. The Opening of the Apartheid Mind: Options for the New South Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press, c1993 1993. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft958009mm/ For Kanya and Maya in lieu of letters Acknowledgments Our reasoning has drawn liberally on the insights of many colleagues. First and foremost, we benefited from numerous conversations with two longtime South African friends, Van Zyl Slabbert and Hermann Giliomee. Slabbert’s political savvy and Giliomee’s sensitivity toward Afrikaner nationalism, as well as our disagreements over the nature of ethnicity, stimulated much of our writing. We had frequent political discussions with Jenny and Alex Boraine, André du Toit, Hamish Dickie-Clark, Pieter and Ingrid Le Roux, Wilmot James, Helen Zille and Johann Maree, Michael Savage, Oscar Dhlomo, Franklin Sonn, Allister Sparks, Solly Benatar, Vincent Mapai, Pierre van den Berghe, Mamphela Ramphele, Theo Hanf, Motti Tamarkin and Tony Williamson. Jeffrey Butler and David Welsh read the manuscript for the publisher and made valuable suggestions, as did our students in Vancouver and Cape Town. All the research associates who collected data in Canada and South Africa during the past four years, as well as the dozens of busy respondents who allowed themselves to be interviewed, deserve thanks. -
The National Liberation Heritage Route
The National Liberation Heritage Route Paper presented at the Human Sciences Research Council’s Social Sciences and Humanities Conference, 26-27 September 2013 Birchwood Conference Centre, Johannesburg Gregory Houston, Nedson Pophiwa, Kombi Sausi, Sipisihle Dumisa and Dineo Seabe Introduction The South African National Heritage Council (NHC) identified the development and management of the legacy of the liberation struggle as an important aspect of heritage preservation in the country, and initiated the Liberation Heritage Route (LHR) project as one of the initiatives in this regard. This was in consequence of the adoption of Resolution 33C/29 by the Commission for Culture (Commission IV) of the United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) at the latter’s 33rd General Conference in October 2005. Liberation struggle heritage was thereby recognised as being of universal value and significance. The raison d’etre for this resolution was premised on: . recognising African liberation heritage as a common heritage of shared global values (human rights, freedom, democracy, etc.); . promoting dialogue amongst nations and cultures; . developing and promoting a culture of peace; . contributing to the memory of the world; and . generating data and databases that raise awareness on the African liberation heritage. The LHR is intended to consist of a series of sites that express the key aspects of the South African liberation experience. These sites are linked together by a common historical narrative of the liberation struggle and experience, and consist of historical evidence of events and activities associated with the history of the struggle. Included among the sites of the LHR are the Wesleyan Church where the African National Congress (ANC) was formed in 1912, the Sharpeville Massacre, Lilliesleaf Farm, Johnny Makhathini’s House, the Langeberg Rebellion, the Bisho Massacre, and Victor Verster Prison.