Monochromatic: Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Violet Complementary

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Monochromatic: Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Violet Complementary

Monochromatic: Split Complementary: Red Red, Yellow-Green, Blue-Green Orange Red-Orange, Green, Blue Yellow Orange, Blue-Green, Blue-Violet Green Yellow-Orange, Blue, Violet Blue Yellow, Blue-Violet, Red-Violet Violet Yellow-Green, Violet, Red Green, Red-Violet, Red-Orange Complementary: Blue-Green, Red, Orange Red & Green Blue, Red-Orange, Yellow-Orange Red-Orange & Blue-Green Blue-Violet, Orange, Yellow Orange & Blue Violet, Yellow-Orange, Yellow-Green Yellow-Orange & Blue-Violet Red-Violet, Yellow, Green Yellow & Violet Yellow-Green & Red-Violet Tetradic: Red, Yellow, Green, Violet Triadic: Red, Yellow-Orange, Green, Blue-Violet Red, Yellow, Blue Red-Orange, Blue-Green, Yellow-Orange, Blue- Red-Orange, Yellow-Green, Blue-Violet Violet Orange, Green, Violet Red-Orange, Blue-Green, Yellow, Violet Yellow-Orange, Blue-Green, Red-Violet Orange, Blue, Green, Red Orange, Blue, Yellow-Green, Red-Violet Analogous: Yellow-Orange, Blue-Violet, Green, Red Red, Red Orange, Orange Yellow, Violet, Blue, Orange Red-Orange, Orange, Yellow-Orange Yellow-Green, Red-Violet, Blue-Green, Red- Orange, Yellow-Orange, Yellow Orange Yellow-Orange, Yellow, Yellow-Green Yellow, Yellow-Green, Green Yellow-Green, Green, Blue-Green Green, Blue-Green, Blue Blue-Green, Blue, Blue-Violet Blue, Blue-Violet, Violet Blue-Violet, Violet, Red-Violet Violet, Red-Violet, Red Red-Violet, Red, Red-Orange .

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Violet-Green Swallow
Breeding Habitat Use Profile Habitats Used in Arizona Primary: Montane Riparian Secondary: Montane Forests, locally Upper Sonoran Desert Key Habitat Parameters Plant Composition Most montane forest types, often with some element of riparian, wetland, open water or 8 other moist habitat types Plant Density and Unknown Size Violet-green Swallow, photo by ©George Andrejko Microhabitat Snags, live trees, or cliffs for nesting, mesic Features areas with high insect productivity for forag- Conservation Profile ing 8; in wooded landscapes, often noted foraging and nesting near forest clearings Species Concerns and edges. Climate Change (Droughts) Increasing Fire Frequency Landscape Largely unknown, but must include some Timber Harvesting Practices old-growth forests or cliffs Conservation Status Lists Elevation Range in Arizona USFWS 1 No 3,200 – 10,500 feet, locally to 1,200 feet 9 AZGFD 2 No Density Estimate DoD 3 No Territory Size: Unknown BLM 4 No Density: Unknown, sometimes occurs in loose colonies 8 PIF Watch List 5b No PIF Regional Concern 5a No Migratory Bird Treaty Act Natural History Profile Covered Seasonal Distribution in Arizona PIF Breeding Population Size Estimates 6 Breeding April – early August, desert nesting may Arizona 710,000 ◑ begin in March 9 Global 7,200,000 ◑ Migration February – April; August – mid-October 9 9.93% Percent in Arizona Winter Rare, very small numbers 5b PIF Population Goal Nest and Nesting Habits Maintain 8 Type of Nest Cavity or crevice Trends in Arizona Nest Substrate Tree, rock, or cliff; also artificial
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606 ShortCommunications [Auk, Vol. 107 Interspecific Competition and Social Behavior in Violet-green Swallows JEFFREYD. BRAWN' Departmentof BiologicalSciences, Box 5640, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff,Arizona 86011 USA Resourcecompetition can lead to aggressiveor ter- swallowaggression toward female Western Bluebirds ritorial behavioramong conspecifics or heterospecif- aswell (e.g. Prescott1982). Encounters commonly in- ics(Orians and Willson 1964).The demographiccon- volved one or more swallowsflying towards,but not sequencesof these interactions may also influence striking, a bluebird perchedon or near a box. Blue- other life-history traits(Thornhill 1987).Competition birds remained perched, made frequent "rushing" for nest sitesamong cavity-nestingbirds is a potent flightsat oncomingswallows, or left the vicinity. In selective force that often prevents sexually mature 9 instances, as swallows "harassed" a bluebird, other individuals from breeding (Morse 1980). In popula- swallowsentered disputedboxes and depositednest tions of cavity nestersthat breed in north-centralAr- material(pine needles)or removedbluebird nestma- izona (see Brawn and Balda 1988), I observed inter- terial (grass).I never observedswallow aggression specificinteractions between Violet-green Swallows toward bluebirds away from nest boxes. (Tachycinetathallasina) and Western Bluebirds (Sialia Swallows were not marked individually, but I es- mexicana),whose abundancesare limited by nest-site timated groups to range from 4 to 12 individuals. availability.Here I describethese encounters and dis- Thesegroups always included two or more brightly cussthe possibleinfluence of interspecificresource colored males and two or more dully colored indi- competitionon socialbehavior in Violet-green Swal- viduals(probably females, but the phenologyof swal- lows. low plumagecharacteristics is not reliablyknown [Pyle In 1980, I installed 60 nest boxes on each of two et aL 1987]).Solitary swallows were all brightly col- 8.5-haareas in ponderosapine (Pinusponderosa) forest ored males.
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The Electromagnetic Spectrum the Electromagnetic Spectrum the EM Spectrum Is the ENTIRE Range of EM Waves in Order of Increasing Frequency and Decreasing Wavelength
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