DOCSLIB.ORG

David Woodiwiss - Submission Number 1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
David Woodiwiss - Submission Number 1 Sub 8 David Woodiwiss - Submission Number 1 DAVID WOODIWISS PO BOX 2032, BOULDER, WESTERN AUSTRALIA, 6432 PH: 0408 909 333 FAX: 08 9093 3355 Email: [email protected] To:- The Standing Committee on Legislation:- Inquiry into the Mining Legislation Amendment Bill 2015 Postal Address:- Mr David Driscoll Parliamentary Officer (Committees) Standing Committee on Legislation GPO: Box A11 Perth WA 6837 Phone Number: 08 9222 7404 Fax Number: 08 9222 7805 Email Address: [email protected] PROSPECTING and SMALL MINING ACTIVITIES MINE SHAFTS, SMALL OPEN PITS, PROCESSING PLANT AND ASSOCATED INFRASTRUCTURE Introduction Prospecting and small mining operations by way of shafts and small open pits is the long established method of operating by prospectors and small miners. This is common to all goldfields and in particular to Western Australian Goldfields since mining began here over 120 years ago in 1885 Mining Amendments Act 2015 These proposed Amendments are for the benefit of the large corporate miners. The Amendments ignore the needs of the small miner. The following gives some background detail to the operations of the small miner Prospecting and Exploration Prospecting for gold takes place in many ways. Examples of these are the sampling of rock chips and soils, loaming, augering, pitting, costeaning, drilling, dishing, dry blowing, detecting and assaying of samples and rocks in the quest for a source of payable quantities of ore. When there are good indications that gold, or other mineralisation, has been discovered, the small miner will sink a shaft or excavate a small open pit in his quest to find an orebody. These shafts and open pits will typically be along strike of the possible structure/shear zone. The spacing of these workings maybe quite close together or dispersed along strike. This spacing depends on the findings and the course of discovery. Typically workings can be spaced at anything from about 10 metres apart and upwards. However the total area actually disturbed by the sum of these workings will be small. There is also a safety aspect to this in that two shafts situated relatively close together are required in order to provide sufficient ventilation underground. There is also the good safety practice of having a second means of egress from the main underground shaft and underground workings. In most cases an appropriately located second shaft is utilised for this. The aim of the prospector and small miner is to find a potentially economic orebody. After identifying one the prospector needs to ascertain if this orebody can be a payable proposition. They can do this either by drilling or by mining. Whether to do this by drilling or by test mining depends on the circumstances. Often drilling is too expensive a proposition for the prospector. Evaluation by actual mining can be more attractive because the mined ore can be processed alongside the mining evaluation and this helps significantly with the cashflow requirements because the recovered gold can be sold in a timely manner as prospecting proceeds. If by mining then operations involve removing both ore and waste, as required, until such time as enough ore has been stockpiled to process this test parcel of ore. This is referred to as bulk sampling and is a very important part of the process in determining whether an orebody is payable or not. After a period of time the overall economics can be determined. To accomplish these ends the prospector and small miner therefore needs to be able to operate within a simple and non-complicated legal framework, that is designed to facilitate this. There are three main types of mining tenements that are used. These are exploration licences, prospecting licences or mining leases. The legal framework needs to support and encourage the prospector and small miner’s operations on all of these types of mining tenement. The total required disturbed area for these small mining purposes would typically be no more than 25 hectares. This size of activity is very different from the corporate miner whose activities would typically cover 100’s or 1000’s of hectares. Control by Area not Tonnage The tonnages that the prospector will be able to mine and process are determined by the total area of disturbance being no more than 25 hectares. Therefore the extent and quantum of the prospecting and small mining activities are automatically self-regulating by being within the 25 hectares of disturbance area. The area disturbed is a much more practical way of regulating prospecting operations than by tonnage limits. It is also much easier to convey the principle of an area of disturbance limit to other interested parties. An area of disturbance is a much easier concept to grasp by those administering the environment. Processing After sinking a shaft or small open pit the prospector and small miner needs to be able to process the ore to extract the gold. There are several ways to do this: - Set up a processing plant on site. This is often the best way forward for a prospector because of the secure knowledge that he is in full control. By this way he knows he will get best value from his efforts. State Batteries. Traditionally prospectors who did not process their ore on site would take their ore to the nearest state battery. Since the State Government closed down all batteries in the early 1990’s this option is no longer available to prospectors. Take the ore to a mill offering custom milling services. This is the remaining option. However it is only available to those prospectors who can accumulate 10,000 or more tonnes of ore. Custom mills regard this as the minimum amount that they can economically accept. This presents prospectors with significant cash flow difficulties because of the time required to accumulate this quantity of ore. In addition to this many custom mills are often booked up for a year in advance. Despite this if a prospector tries to book in a parcel of ore for a time slot 12 months away the custom mill will often not entertain him. This is because they have their big corporate clients that they look after first. They are not really interested in the prospector’s 10,000 tonnes of ore. It is too small an amount. It is simply an inconvenience for them when they are typically processing 500,000 or more tonnes per annum. It is not uncommon for prospectors to have so small a parcel of ore that it becomes regarded a nuisance factor to a third party custom mill. Therefore it is always the prospectors preferred option, or as a necessity, to process their ore on site. Furthermore compared to the many limitations and difficulties involved with custom milling, the processing of the ore on site is often the only available option the prospector has. On Site Processing Plant and Associated Infrastructure: - Ore storage Area An area is required to stockpile the ore prior to processing. Water Supply and Water Storage Dam Whatever method of processing the ore is used a water supply is essential. Even if a dry blower is used processing water will still be required for dust control and concentrate processing. Water supply can be by many means such as from of a water bore or from an old mine shaft. Associated with this will be a water dam in order to accumulate and store the water ready use. Crushing Plant The ore needs to be crushed to release the gold. There are many types of equipment available that can do this. The typical types of equipment used by prospectors and small miners are jaw crushers, cone crushers and impact crushers Grinding Plant The crushing plant typically reduces the size of the ore down to minus 12mm. In the majority of cases this is not small enough to release the gold. Therefore the crushed ore needs to be reduced down to a smaller size in order to liberate the gold. To do this there are various options available such as a ball mill or a stamp battery. Gold Recovery Once the ore has been reduced to a fine enough size to liberate the gold it has to be processed in some way to recover the gold. The typical ways that prospectors do this is by such means as gravity methods, dry blowing, tabling, vat leaching, heap leaching or a carbon in leach plant. Tailings Dam A tailings dam is required to store and settle the tailings which result from the processing of the ore Waste Rock Associated with the mining of the ore there is always waste rock that has little or no gold content and this needs to be stockpiled Workshop and Maintenance Shed A shed is required in which to undertake maintenance and to store spare parts. Explosives magazine. Explosives may be required in hard rock conditions. Office An office is required to store DMP statutory records such as the electrical logbook, mine logbook, maintenance records, Mining Act, Mining Regulations and to undertake daily office duties. Camp An accommodation area is required for personnel. Other Laydown area, topsoil stockpile, etc Summary It can therefore be seen that the prospector and small miner needs many things in order to be able to operate professionally, practically and successfully. Firstly prospectors and small miners need mine shafts, and/or small open pits to find and extract the ore. Then they often need an on-site processing plant and the associated infrastructure to enable the processing of the ore to extract the gold. Onsite ore processing is usually the optimum option for the prospector for both practical and financial reasons. The total area required to accomplish all of these activities can usually be accommodated within a total disturbance area of no more than 25 hectares.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Heart of Gold Lesson Plan Year 7
    Heart of Gold Lesson Plan Year 7 Lesson 1 Separation of Gold Curriculum Links: (ACSSU112) / Year 7 / Science / Science Understanding / Chemical Sciences (ACSSU222) / Year 7 / Science / Science Understanding / Earth and Space Sciences (ACSHE119) / Year 7 / Science / Science as a Human Endeavour / Nature and Development of Science (ACSHE121) / Year 7 / Science / Science as a Human Endeavour / Use and Influence of Science Background Information: It is actually quite unusual to find large nuggets of gold and most gold prospectors actually need to separate gold out from lots of other material. Depending on where the gold is found, this may be done by panning or through dry blowing. Each of these methods relies on the property of density. As gold has a very high density compared to the rock, soil and sediments it is contained in, it can be separated out by exploiting this property as it will fall to the bottom of mixtures that are allowed to settle out. The process of panning is used when small pieces of gold are found in creeks and rivers. It involves using a large shallow dish (pan) to scoop out some of the sediments in the riverbed and a small amount of water. You use a swirling motion with the pan tipped away from you and allow small amounts of the sediments and water to spill over the edge of the pan. When you have only a small amount of the sediments remaining in the pan, you will be able to see any gold particles that remain at the bottom of the pan. During the West Australian gold rush, most of the gold was being found in dry areas and water was a scarce commodity.
    [Show full text]
  • GOLDFAN West Perth, W.A
    2nd Floor, 45 Richardson Street, West Perth, Western Australia 6005 P.O. Box 893, GOLDFAN West Perth, W.A. 6005 Tel: (09) 322 2788 LTD Fax: (09) 481 1669 (Inc. in WA.) ly NOTICE OF INTENT THREE MILE HILL PROJECT COOLGARDIE MINERAL FIEL) r'rt T%T) ).T 1 L - VOLUME 1 CONTENTS VOLUME I PAGE 1.0 GENERAL SUMMARY I 2.0 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 3 3.0 GENERAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS 4 3.1 LOCATION AND ACCESS 4 3.2 TENEMENT OWNERSHIP 4 3.2.1 Mine and Milisite Area 4 3.2.2 Borefield and Pipeline 4 3.3 PROSPECT HISTORY 4 3.3.1 Early Mining 4 3.3.2 Modern Day Activities 5 3.3.3 Goldfan Ltd Activities 5 3.4 ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS 5 3.4.1 Regional Setting 5 3.4.2 Geomorphology 6 3.4.3 Climate 6 3.4.4 Hydrology 7 3.4.4.1 Three Mile Hill 7 3.4.4.2 Roger Spring Borefield Area 7 3.4.5 Flora 8 3.4.6 Fauna 8 3.5 GEOLOGY AND RESOURCES 8 3.5.1 Sub-Regional Geology 8 3.5.2 Local Geology, Structure, Stratigraphy 9 3.5.3 Lithology and Host Unit Characteristics 9 3.5.4 Mineralisation 10 3.5.5 Mineral Resources io 4.0 MINING AND MINESITE REHABILITATION 12 4.1 MINING OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE 12 4.2 GEOTECHNICAL ASPECTS 12 4.3 OPEN PIT OPERATIONS 13 4.3.1 General Open Pit Scheme 13 4.3.2 Drill and Blast Operations 13 4.3.3 Final High Wall Reinforcement 14 4.3.4 Decline 14 4.3.5 Ore and Waste Haulage 14 4.3.6 Dust Suppression is 4.4 OVERBURDEN MANAGEMENT AND REHABILITATION 15 4.4.1 Topsoil Recovery and Storage 15 4.4.2 Overburden Dumping 15 4.4.3 Rehabilitation 15 F CONTENPS VOLUME I PAGE 5.0 ORE PROCESSING, WATER SUPPLY & TAILINGS 16 5.1 ORE PROCESSING 16 5.1.1 Crushing Circuit 16 5.1.2 Grind and Gravity Circuit 16 5.1.3 Flotation and Regrind Circuit 16 5.1.4 CIP General 17 5.1.5 Leach and Adsorption Circuit 17 5.1.6 Carbon Desorption and Re-Activation 17 5.1.7 Gold Room 18 5.2 PROCESS WATER BOREFIELD AND PIPELINE 18 5.2.1 Borefield 18 5.2.2 Pipeline 19 5,3 TAILINGS DISPOSAL DAMS 19 5.3.1 TD1 19 5.3.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Ladle Metallurgy
    Materials Research and Engineering Edited by B. Ilschner and N.J. Grant Julian Szekely Goran Carlsson Lars Helle Ladle Metallurgy With 137 Figures and 24 Tables Springer-Verlag New York Berlin Heidelberg London Paris Tokyo Prof. JULIAN SZEKELY GQRAN CARLSSON Department of Materials Science MEFOS, The Metallurgical Research Plant and Engineering P.O. Box 812 Massachusetts Institute of Technology S 951 28 Lulea, Sweden Cambridge, MA 02139/USA LARS HELLE OVAKO STEEL Oy Ab SF 55100 Imatra, Finland Series Editors Prof. BERNHARD ILSCHNER Laboratoire de Metallurgie Mecanique Departement des Materiaux, Ecole Poly technique Federale CH -1007 Lausanne/Switzerland Prof. NICHOLAS J. GRANT Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 02139/USA Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Szekely, Julian, 1934- Ladle metallurgy/Julian Szekely, G6ran Carlsson, Lars Helle. p. cm.-(Materials research and engineering) Bibliography: p. ISBN-13: 978-1-4612-8147-4 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4612-3538-5 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4612-3538-5 I. Inoculation (Founding) 2. Steel founding. I. Carlsson, G6ran. II. Helle, Lars. III. Title IV. Series. TS233.s981988 671.2-dc19 88-20017 Printed on acid-free paper. All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer-Verlag, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden.
    [Show full text]
  • Name, a Novel
    NAME, A NOVEL toadex hobogrammathon /ubu editions 2004 Name, A Novel Toadex Hobogrammathon Cover Ilustration: “Psycles”, Excerpts from The Bikeriders, Danny Lyon' book about the Chicago Outlaws motorcycle club. Printed in Aspen 4: The McLuhan Issue. Thefull text can be accessed in UbuWeb’s Aspen archive: ubu.com/aspen. /ubueditions ubu.com Series Editor: Brian Kim Stefans ©2004 /ubueditions NAME, A NOVEL toadex hobogrammathon /ubueditions 2004 name, a novel toadex hobogrammathon ade Foreskin stepped off the plank. The smell of turbid waters struck him, as though fro afar, and he thought of Spain, medallions, and cork. How long had it been, sussing reader, since J he had been in Spain with all those corkoid Spanish medallions, granted him by Generalissimo Hieronimo Susstro? Thirty, thirty-three years? Or maybe eighty-seven? Anyhow, as he slipped a whip clap down, he thought he might greet REVERSE BLOOD NUT 1, if only he could clear a wasp. And the plank was homely. After greeting a flock of fried antlers at the shevroad tuesday plied canticle massacre with a flash of blessed venom, he had been inter- viewed, but briefly, by the skinny wench of a woman. But now he was in Rio, fresh of a plank and trying to catch some asscheeks before heading on to Remorse. I first came in the twilight of the Soviet. Swigging some muck, and lampreys, like a bad dram in a Soviet plezhvadya dish, licking an anagram off my hands so the ——— woundn’t foust a stiff trinket up me. So that the Soviets would find out.
    [Show full text]
  • Wendt Corporation Ex. 1003, P. 1 Wendt Corporation Ex
    Wendt Corporation Ex. 1003, p. 1 Wendt Corporation Ex. 1003, p. 2 Wendt Corporation Close Dec., Ex. A HANDBOOK OF .· RECYCLING TECHNIQUES Alfred Arn. Nijkerk and Wijnand L. Dalmijn The Hague, March 1998 Fourth printing .. Wendt Corporation Close Dec., Ex. A First printing, November 1995 Second printing, February 1996 Third printing, September 1996 Fourth, revised and expanded printing, March 1998 The Royal Library of The Hague Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Nijkerk, A.A Handbook of Recycling Techniques I A.A. Nijkerk. - The Hague Nijkerk Consultancy. - Ill. Published at the request of NOVEM/NOH. - With bibliography and index ISBN 90-802909-2-0 NUGI 841 Keyword: recycling © copyright: Nijkerk Consultancy 1998 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced and/ or transmitted, by means of print, photocopy, microfilm or otherwise, in total or in part, without the written permission of the copy­ right holder or the publisher. Cover photo: Demolition of a 25-year-old Sabena Boeing 747 at Brussels Zaventhem airport. The airplane was scrapped by a hydraulic LaBounty MSD 116 crane-attached shear of 650 tonnes cutting force, with a Verachtert/ Veratech connecting arm and a Verachtert/Veratech, crane-attached shear. The excavators are Hitachi EX 400s. PHOTOGRAPH BY COURTESY OF VAN LEEUWEN RECYCLING, ROTTERDAM, THE NETHERLANDS. 2 -· Wendt Corporation Close Dec., Ex. A Handbook of Recycling Techniques by Alfred Arn. Nijkerk and Wijnand L. Dalmijn This book was written within the framework of the Dutch National Reuse of Waste Research Programme (NOH). Project number: NOH/353293/0710 Management and co-ordination of the NOH programme rest with: NOVEM Netherlands Agency for Energy and the Environment RIVM National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection The authors can give no guarantee of the accuracy and/ or comprehensive nature of information, designs, constructions, products or production methods arising or described in this book, nor of their suitability for any given specific application.
    [Show full text]
  • Super Pit Shop Relocated to Hannans North
    ISSUE 56 | JANUARY 2013 P. 3 P. 3 P. 4 SUPER PIT SHOP RELOCATED TO HANNANS NORTH KCGM showed its ongoing 2013, with roles for shop helpers, continue to run tours and provide commitment to local tourism this information personnel and tour information about our operations month, relocating the Super Pit Shop guides. Training will be provided for on Boulder Market Days. Now based to the Hannans North Tourist Mine. anyone who would like to help out at the Eastern Goldfields Historical The move is designed to assist in and hours will be recorded under Society (next to Loopline Park on the revitalisation of the existing Hall the KCGM Volunteers Programme. Hamilton St), tours leave hourly of Fame attractions as a sustainable This is a great opportunity to be from 9am-12pm. After the tour, tourism destination. The Super Pit part of a new and exciting venture, volunteers at the historical society Shop is now open to the public, and develop new skills and have some stage a dry blowing demonstration, other attractions at the site will be fun while meeting and working one of the methods used by early reopened in stages as maintenance with a range of great people. To miners in the region, and there are and repair work is completed. get involved contact the Super Pit historic records and homemade Shop on 9022 1664 and register as a treats on offer inside. There are still volunteer. plenty of opportunities for KCGM “THE MOVE IS Volunteers on Boulder Market Days Although the Super Pit Shop as tour guides and helping out on DESIGNED TO ASSIST has moved from Burt Street, we the tour desk.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Assessment for Golden Sunlight Mining, Inc., Application
    Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2013 http://archive.org/details/environmentalass31mont 3^^-^ Rn7rMAM PlIDIir i.noAow '"'1195? BOIlim PUBLIC LIBRARY EN ^V I R O NIM EN T ^^VX^ ^^^SSESSiVlElSTT for Golden Sunlight Mining, Inc. Application for Anendcent State Operating Permit No. 00065 and Federal Plan of Operations Stage IV and V Mining Operating and Reclamation Plan prepared by Montana Department of State Lands and U.S. Department of Interior Bureau of Land Management pursuant to the Montana Environmental Polict Act and the National Environmental Policy Act May 30, 1990 3 0864 1006 3080 8 . TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I - INTRODUCTION 1 A. Purpose and Need 1 B. Permitting History 5 C. Summ£Lry of Proposed Amendment 5 D. Location and Land OuTiership 11 E. Environmental Analysis History 11 F. Related Actions 12 G. Agency Responsibilities 12 1. Department of State Lands 12 2. Bureau of Land Management 13 3. Other State Agencies 13 a. State Historic Preservation Office 13 b. Department of Health and Environmental Sciences 14 i. Air Quality Bureau 14 ii. Water Quality Bureau (W'QB) 14 c. Department of Natural Resources and Conservation (DNRC) 14 d. Hard-Rock Mining Impact Board 14 CHAPTER 11 - EXISTING ENVIRONMENT 13 A. Geology 13 B. Soils 14 1. Soil Developmental Setting 14 a. Parent Material/ Geology 14 b. Other Soil Forming Influences 15 2. Existing Soils 15 a. Proposed Tailing Impoundment II Area ... 15 b. North Waste Rock Dump Area 16 c. West and South Waste Rock Dump Areas . 20 C. Water Resources 20 1. Surface Water 20 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Getting Gold
    Getting Gold J. C. F. Johnson Getting Gold Table of Contents Getting Gold..............................................................................................................................................................1 J. C. F. Johnson..............................................................................................................................................1 PREFACE......................................................................................................................................................1 CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTORY..................................................................................................................2 CHAPTER II. GOLD PROSPECTING−−ALLUVIAL AND GENERAL...................................................7 CHAPTER III. LODE OR REEF PROSPECTING.....................................................................................11 CHAPTER IV. THE GENESIOLOGY OF GOLD−−AURIFEROUS LODES..........................................16 CHAPTER V. THE GENESIOLOGY OF GOLD−−AURIFEROUS DRIFTS..........................................22 CHAPTER VI. GOLD EXTRACTION.......................................................................................................27 CHAPTER VII. GOLD EXTRACTION−−SECONDARY PROCESSES AND LIXIVIATION..............37 CHAPTER VIII. CALCINATION OR ROASTING OF ORES.................................................................43 CHAPTER IX. MOTOR POWER AND ITS TRANSMISSION................................................................47 CHAPTER
    [Show full text]
  • The Albert Goldfield, Milparinka-Tibooburra, North-Western NSW
    Journal of Australasian Mining History, Vol. 5, September 2007 A Thirsty and Confusing Diggings: The Albert Goldfield, Milparinka-Tibooburra, north-western NSW By KEN MCQUEEN University of Canberra succession of scattered discoveries from 1880-1882, over a tract 50 miles long by 10 miles wide in the Grey Ranges of far north-western New South A Wales (Figure 1) saw the establishment of the Albert Goldfield. These alluvial diggings were amongst the last discovered in New South Wales and the first in the arid outback. They provided ‘poor man’s’ diggings where individual prospectors or small parties could recover payable gold without heavy capital outlays, by ‘raking’ the shallow gullies overlying the bedrock of the isolated ranges. At first the prospectors were confused by the occurrence of gold in widely scattered near-surface patches with no clearly defined leads or deep leads. Some good deep leads were eventually found and worked, but were then abandoned due to flooding water. Gold-bearing quartz reefs were also found, but the cost of fully developing these in this remote region proved too much for the small companies involved. Prospectors faced enormous difficulties in the hot, dry terrain (summer temperatures commonly over 100º F and average annual rainfall of 6.5 inches); the most serious being shortage of water for both mining and domestic purposes. However, periodic downpours and flash flooding also adversely affected mining operations. During the numerous dry periods the miners had to stack their washdirt and simply wait for rain, or resort to the tedious and inefficient process of dry blowing.
    [Show full text]
  • GOLD PLACERS and PLACERING in ARIZONA by Eldred D
    GOLD PLACERS AND PLACERING IN ARIZONA by Eldred D. Wilson Bulletin 168 Reprinted 1981 - State ofArizona Bureau of Geology and Mineral Technology Geological Survey Branch A Division of the University of Arizona TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE PREFACE 8 PREFACE TO BULLETIN No. 160 . 8 PREFACE TO BULLETIN No. 142 .... 9 PART I ARIZONA GOLD PLACERS GENERAL FEATURES OF GOLD PLACERS ...........................•.........•...........•......._... 11 Origin 11 Distribution of Arizona gold placers.................................................... 12 Relatipn to pediments 12 Relation to streams 14 Relation to geology and types of veins.................................................. 14 Yearly rainy seasons of Arizona.............................................................. 15 HISTORY OF ARIZONA GOLD PLACER MINIm;.................................................... 15 Summary 15 Early production 15 Production after 1900 16 YUMA COUNTY ....•...................•.............•.•.••••...•••••••.••.••••.••••••..••..••••••••.•••••••••••••••• 18 Copyright© 1961 Districts 18 Production 18 The Board of Regents of the Universities and Gila City or Dome placers 18 I,aguna placers 21 State College of Arizona. All rights reserved. Muggins placers 22 Castle DOIne placers 23 Kofa or S. H. placers.................................................................................. 23 Tank Mountains placers 24 Trigo placers 25 La Paz placers 25 Plomosa. district 29 La Cholla placer area 29 Oro Fino placer area 30 Middle Camp placer area 31 PIOlnosa placer area 31 Harquahala
    [Show full text]
  • Half-Yearly Report 2012 Six Months Ended 30 June 2012 Xstrata Plc Half-Yearly Results 2012 | 1
    Half-Yearly Report 2012 six months ended 30 June 2012 Xstrata plc Half-Yearly Results 2012 | 1 Key Financial Results Six months to Six months to % $m 30.06.12 30.06.11 Change Revenue 15,550 16,777 (7) Operating EBITDA* 4,007 5,820 (31) Operating profit* 2,454 4,246 (42) EBIT* 2,439 4,254 (43) Attributable profit* 2,194 2,865 (23) Attributable profit 1,941 2,916 (33) Earnings per share (basic)* $0.75 $0.98 (23) Earnings per share (basic) $0.66 $1.00 (34) Dividends declared and paid per share 27.0¢ 20.0¢ 35 Dividends proposed per share 14.0¢ 13.0¢ 8 Net debt to net debt plus equity 19% 15% 27 Net assets 47,359 45,533 4 Net assets per share** $16.03 $15.53 3 * Excludes exceptional items ** Excluding own shares Highlights: Strong financial and operational performance despite cyclical downturn in commodity prices and ongoing cost inflation Good cost performance with real unit cost savings of $105 million. Significant additional cost saving opportunities identified in second half Improvement in second quarter volumes provides good momentum for stronger second half production as new projects are progressively commissioned $1.47 billion Antapaccay copper project reached commissioning on schedule and on budget with first copper on track for October Approval of $360 million (AUD360 million) Phase 3 expansion of Xstrata Zinc’s McArthur River Mine to produce average of 380,000 tonnes of zinc from 2014 from conventional concentrate In total, 10 major projects will commence commissioning on schedule by the end of 2012 across every commodity business,
    [Show full text]
  • The Aboriginal Prospectors and Miners of North Queensland's Gold
    The Aboriginal prospectors and miners of North Queensland’s Gold and Mineral fields, from pre-contact times to ca.1950. Galiina “Kal” Ellwood BA (USyd); Honours Archaeology (JCU); PhD Candidate Cultural Heritage, JCU MinErAL Meeting Cairns 2019 Kitty Pluto 1932, aged 55 (CHS) Tradition to present • Aborigines were miners • They also adapted other using sophisticated traditional technology to underground and pit mining mining eg. ‘yandying’ methods • They were integral to the • They used post-extraction north Queensland mining treatment processes industry as prospectors and • They had explanatory story miners for mineral occurrence • They adapted traditional knowledge of minerals, mining and treatment processes to post contact mining (technology transfer) Open pit mining at Lake Moondarra for greenstone axe material Marnbi’s journey (Bronzewing Pigeon, Phaps chalcopter) • Mining story • Creation of minerals • Gold eg Broken Hill, Tibooburra • Copper eg Cloncurry, Mt Isa • Grinding stones (sandstone) – eg. Mt Isa, Parachilna • Opals eg. Quilpie, White Cliffs, Cooper Pedy • Traded around Australia • Most of these – economic minerals for Europeans too Principal trade routes of pre-colonial Aboriginal Australia Zillmanton Mine and Marnbi Outcrop of the western ore body, Zillmanton Copper staining on a limestone boulder (Ray and Ellwood, 2014) • This is where the Marnbi story ends • He finally enters the ground in Chillagoe creek to the east of this copper deposit • This copper orebody was first prospected by an Aboriginal prospector 1. 3. In 1888 – George Henesy 2. Three copper specimens from the surface outcropping of the ore body (Ellwood, 2015) Economic minerals which are important both pre-contact and post-contact economies of the Chillagoe District.
    [Show full text]